1
|
Samantaray M, Pattabiraman R, Murthy TPK, Ramaswamy A, Murahari M, Krishna S, Kumar SB. Structure-based virtual screening of natural compounds against wild and mutant (R1155K, A1156T and D1168A) NS3-4A protease of Hepatitis C virus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:8505-8522. [PMID: 37646701 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2246583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
NS3-4A, a serine protease, is a primary target for drug development against Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). However, the effectiveness of potent next-generation protease inhibitors is limited by the emergence of mutations and resulting drug resistance. To address this, in this study a structure-based drug design approach is employed to screen a large library of 7320 natural compounds against both wild-type and mutant variants of NS3-4A protease. Telaprevir, a widely used protease inhibitor, was recruited as the control drug. The top 10 compounds with favorable binding affinities underwent drug-likeness evaluation. Based on ADMET studies, complexes of NP_024762 and NP_006776 were selected for molecular dynamic simulations. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to explore the conformational space and protein dynamics of the protein-ligand complex using a Free Energy Landscape (FEL) approach. The cosine values obtained from FEL analysis ranged from 0 to 1, and eigenvectors with cosine values below 0.2 were chosen for further analysis. To forecast binding free energies and evaluate energy contributions per residue, the MM-PBSA method was employed. The results highlighted the crucial role of amino acids in the catalytic domain for the binding of the protease with phytochemicals. Stable associations between the top compounds and the target protease were confirmed by the formation of hydrogen bonds in the binding pocket involving residues: His1057, Gly1137, Ser1139, and Ala1157. These findings suggest the potential of these compounds for further validation through biological evaluation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Samantaray
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Ramya Pattabiraman
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - T P Krishna Murthy
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Amutha Ramaswamy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Manikanta Murahari
- Department of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India
| | - Swati Krishna
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S Birendra Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stroffolini T, Stroffolini G. Prevalence and Modes of Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Historical Worldwide Review. Viruses 2024; 16:1115. [PMID: 39066277 PMCID: PMC11281430 DOI: 10.3390/v16071115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus infection affects over 58 million individuals and is responsible for 290,000 annual deaths. The infection spread in the past via blood transfusion and iatrogenic transmission due to the use of non-sterilized glass syringes mostly in developing countries (Cameroon, Central Africa Republic, Egypt) but even in Italy. High-income countries have achieved successful results in preventing certain modes of transmission, particularly in ensuring the safety of blood and blood products, and to a lesser extent, reducing iatrogenic exposure. Conversely, in low-income countries, unscreened blood transfusions and non-sterile injection practices continue to play major roles, highlighting the stark inequalities between these regions. Currently, injection drug use is a major worldwide risk factor, with a growing trend even in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Emerging high-risk groups include men who have sex with men (MSM), individuals exposed to tattoo practices, and newborns of HCV-infected pregnant women. The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy as a tool to eliminate infection by interrupting viral transmission from infected to susceptible individuals. However, the feasibility of this ambitious and overly optimistic program generates concern about the need for universal screening, diagnosis, linkage to care, and access to affordable DAA regimens. These goals are very hard to reach, especially in LMICs, due to the cost and availability of drugs, as well as the logistical complexities involved. Globally, only a small proportion of individuals infected with HCV have been tested, and an even smaller fraction of those have initiated DAA therapy. The absence of an effective vaccine is a major barrier to controlling HCV infection. Without a vaccine, the WHO project may remain merely an illusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Stroffolini
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Stroffolini
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni, 5, 37024 Negrar, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumari S, Prasad A, Saroj U, Kumar P, Verma S, Kiran KA, Kumar D. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Among Blood Donors in a Tribal-Preponderant Region of India. Cureus 2024; 16:e62934. [PMID: 39050285 PMCID: PMC11265958 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis C is a global health burden with significant morbidity and mortality. It primarily affects the liver and causes acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Common modes of transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are blood transfusion, needlestick injury, and mother-fetus transmission, among which transmission, blood transfusion is one of the most important causes. Blood transfusion is one of the pillars in the management of patients that saves lives and improves morbidity. Blood donation in India is done by voluntary and replacement blood donors of both sexes. The aim of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of HCV among blood donors in the Jharkhand state, a tribal-preponderant region of India, and to see the trend over the years. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a nine-year retrospective observational study from 2015 to 2023 that screened for anti-HCV antibodies (third-generation kit: Abbott Diagnostics) using the chemiluminescence technique. RESULTS In this study, in total, 249,461 units of blood were collected, of which the majority of donations were by male and replacement donors (RDs) comprising 230,757 (92.50%) and 188,047 (75.38%), respectively. The mean number of blood donations by replacement and male donors (MDs) was more than for voluntary donors (VDs) and female donors (FDs) (20894.11 ± 3041.71 RDs vs. 6823.77 ± 2332.96 VDs, p < 0.0001 and 25639.66 ± 2810.08 MDs vs. 2078.22 ± 828.16 FD, p < 0.0001), respectively. The overall prevalence of HCV was 0.63%, and all seropositive donors were male. CONCLUSION Replacement blood donation contributes to the major part of blood donation and is primarily done by males in this tribal population-dominant region of India. Seroprevalence of HCV is high in the population of this part of India, and there is a constant or slightly upward trend in hepatitis C infection among individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Kumari
- Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Anupa Prasad
- Biochemistry, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Usha Saroj
- Blood Bank, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Biochemistry, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Saket Verma
- Biochemistry (Trauma Centre), Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Kumari Asha Kiran
- Preventive Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Divakar Kumar
- Internal Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gomez SE, Dudum R, Rodriguez F. Inequities in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 84:43-50. [PMID: 38734044 PMCID: PMC11176018 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease (ASCVD) prevention encompasses interventions across the lifecourse: from primordial to primary and secondary prevention. Primordial prevention begins in childhood and involves the promotion of ideal CV health (CVH) via optimizing physical activity, body mass index, blood glucose levels, total cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and sleep while minimizing tobacco use. Primary and secondary prevention of ASCVD thereafter centers around mitigating ASCVD risk factors via medical therapy and lifestyle interventions. Disparities in optimal preventive efforts exist among historically marginalized groups in each of these three prongs of ASCVD prevention. Children and adults with a high burden of social determinants of health also face inequity in preventive measures. Inadequate screening, risk factor management and prescription of preventive therapeutics permeate the care of certain groups, especially women, Black, and Hispanic individuals in the United States. Beyond this, individuals belonging to historically marginalized groups also are much more likely to experience other ASCVD risk-enhancing factors, placing them at higher risk for ASCVD over their lifetime. These disparities translate to worse outcomes, with higher rates of ASCVD and CV mortality among these groups. Possible solutions to promoting equity involve community-based youth lifestyle interventions, improved risk-factor screening, and increasing accessibility to healthcare resources and novel preventive diagnostics and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia E Gomez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ramzi Dudum
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Fatima Rodriguez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Medhi M, Sonowal A, Sonowal P, Neog BJ, Phukan C. Socio-demographic association with confirmed hepatitis C virus infection: A cross-sectional analysis from a teaching institute. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:2060-2065. [PMID: 38948603 PMCID: PMC11213397 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1794_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common chronic blood-borne disease and is more commonly associated with chronic active hepatitis leading to cirrhosis, hepato-cellular carcinoma and end-stage liver disease. Methodology 160 consecutive screening positive (Enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay positive) Hepatitis C samples were tested by HCV RNA Real Time-PCR for confirmation. Result Prevalence of confirmed hepatitis C among screening positive patient in the present study was found to be 24.4%. Vaccinated individual with Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B had significant association with PCR positivity in screening positive Hepatitis C patient (p< 0.05). IV drug users and patient having multiple sex partners have significant association with PCR positivity among screening positive Hepatitis C patients (p< 0.05). Conclusion Due to the lack of an effective vaccine and the increased risk of serious complications, it is important to focus on prevention and early detection of HCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mithu Medhi
- Department of Microbiology, Kokrajhar Medical College, Rangalikhata, Assam, India
| | - Aparna Sonowal
- Department of Microbiology, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Pranjal Sonowal
- Department Community Medicine, Lakhimpur Medical College, Chowkham, Assam, India
| | - Bhaskar Jyoti Neog
- Department of Microbiology, Tinsukia Medical College, Luhari Bongali Gaon, Assam, India
| | - Chimanjita Phukan
- Department of Microbiology, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Calleja JL, Espin J, Kaushik A, Hernandez-Guerra M, Blissett R, Yehoshua A, Igloi-Nagy A. The Efficiency of Increased HCV Testing and Treatment Strategies in Spain to Achieve Elimination Goals. PHARMACOECONOMICS - OPEN 2024; 8:221-233. [PMID: 38100074 PMCID: PMC10884368 DOI: 10.1007/s41669-023-00458-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2015, Spain launched a national eradication strategy for hepatitis C virus (HCV), resulting in the highest treatment rate in Europe and substantial reductions in HCV prevalence. However, to achieve the goal of HCV elimination, it is necessary to scale-up the diagnosis, treatment, and management of HCV infection. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to assess the prevalence, incidence, and cost effectiveness of scaling-up compared with status quo scenarios. METHODS A compartmental dynamic transmission model was developed comprising of a cascade of care and a liver progression module. Cost and quality-of-life inputs were sourced from the literature. Key outcomes were the prevalence and incidence of HCV and the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and per life-year (LY). Outcomes for a hypothetical elimination strategy were compared with the status quo. RESULTS The base-case analysis found that scaling-up testing and treatment reduced both the prevalence and incidence of HCV over time, resulting in incremental costs per QALY and LY of €13,291 and €12,285 respectively, compared with the status quo. The main drivers of the cost-effectiveness results included cost of diagnosis, cost of treatment, proportion of people who are unaware, percentage of population who inject drugs, and calibration parameters related to HCV infection prevalence. CONCLUSIONS This analysis demonstrated that scaling-up testing and treatment with direct-acting antivirals may be an efficient strategy for reducing the incidence and prevalence of HCV and may help achieve HCV elimination goals in Spain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Calleja
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Espin
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Alon Yehoshua
- Formerly of Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vieira Teixeira S, Prates G, Marcondes Fonseca LA, Casseb J. Can Persistent Infections with Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Be Eradicated? AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2024; 40:127-133. [PMID: 37409405 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2022.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent viruses are hard to be eradicated, even using effective medications, and can persist for a long time in humans, sometimes regardless of treatment. Hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and human T cell lymphotropic virus infections, the most common in our era, are still a challenge despite the increased knowledge about their biology. Most of them are highly pathogenic, some causing acute disease or, more often, leading to chronic persistent infections, and some of the occult, carrying a high risk of morbidity and mortality. However, if such infections were discovered early, they might be eradicated in the near future with effective medications and/or vaccines. This perspective review points out some specific characteristics of the most important chronic persistent viruses. It seems that in the next few years, these persistent viruses may have control by vaccination, epidemiological strategies, and/or treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Vieira Teixeira
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Prates
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto Marcondes Fonseca
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Casseb
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mallya S, Pissurlenkar RRS. In-silico Investigations for the Identification of Novel Inhibitors Targeting Hepatitis C Virus RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase. Med Chem 2024; 20:52-62. [PMID: 37815178 DOI: 10.2174/0115734064255683230919071808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus, exhibiting acute and chronic manifestations with severity ranging from mild to severe and lifelong illnesses leading to liver cirrhosis and cancer. According to the World Health Organization's global estimates, a population of about 58 million have chronic hepatitis C virus infection, with around 1.5 million new infections occurring every year. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to identify novel molecules targeting the Hepatitis C viral RNA Dependent RNA polymerases, which play a crucial role in genome replication, mRNA synthesis, etc. Methods: Structure-based virtual screening of chemical libraries of small molecules was done using AutoDock/Vina. The top-ranking pose for every ligand was complexed with the protein and used for further protein-ligand interaction analysis using the Protein-ligand interaction Profiler. Molecules from virtual screening were further assessed using the pkCSM web server. The proteinligand interactions were further subjected to molecular dynamics simulation studies to establish dynamic stability. RESULTS Molecular docking-based virtual screening of the database of small molecules, followed by screening based on pharmacokinetic and toxicity parameters, yielded eight probable RNA Dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors. The docking scores for the proposed candidates ranged from - 8.04 to -9.10 kcal/mol. The potential stability of the ligands bound to the target protein was demonstrated by molecular dynamics simulation studies. CONCLUSION Data from exhaustive computational studies proposed eight molecules as potential anti-viral candidates, targeting Hepatitis C viral RNA Dependent RNA polymerases, which can be further evaluated for their biological potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja Mallya
- Department of Pharmacology, Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji Goa, 403001 India
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kamga Wouambo R, Panka Tchinda G, Kagoue Simeni LA, Djouela Djoulako PD, Yateu Wouambo CI, Tamko Mella GF, Tchoumi Leuwat EP, Bello D, Fokam J. Anti-hepatitis C antibody carriage and risk of liver impairment in rural-Cameroon: adapting the control of hepatocellular carcinoma for resource-limited settings. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:875. [PMID: 38093205 PMCID: PMC10717920 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Viral hepatitis elimination by 2030 is uncertain in resource-limited settings (RLS), due to high burdens and poor diagnostic coverage. This sounds more challenging for hepatitis C virus (HCV) given that antibody (HCVAb) sero-positivity still lacks wide access to HCV RNA molecular testing. This warrants context-specific strategies for appropriate management of liver impairment in RLS. We herein determine the association between anti-HCV positivity and liver impairment in an African RLS. METHODS A facility-based observational study was conducted from July-August 2021 among individuals attending the "St Monique" Health Center at Ottou, a rural community of Yaounde,Cameroon. Following a consecutive sampling, consenting individuals were tested for anti-HCV antibodies, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HIV antibodies (HIVAb) as per the national guidelines. After excluding positive cases for HBsAg and/or HIVAb, liver function tests (ALT/AST) were performed on eligible participants (HBsAg and HIVAb negative) and outcomes were compared according to HCVAb status; with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS Out of 306 eligible participants (negative for HBsAg and HIVAb) enrolled, the mean age was 34.35 ± 3.67 years. 252(82.35%) were female and 129 (42.17%) were single. The overall HCVAb sero-positivity was 15.68%(48/306), with 17.86% (45/252) among women vs. 5.55%(3/54) among men [OR (95%CI) = 3.69(2.11-9.29),p = 0.04]. HCVAb Carriage was greater among participants aged > 50 years compared to younger ones [38.46%(15/39) versus 12.36% (33/267) respectively, OR(95%CI) = 4.43(2.11-9.29), p < 0.000] and in multipartnership [26.67%(12/45)vs.13.79%(36/261) monopartnership, OR (95%CI) = 2.27(1.07-4.80),p = 0.03]. The liver impairment rate (abnormal ALT+AST levels) was 30.39%(93/306), with 40.19%(123/306) of abnormal ALT alone. Moreover, the burden of Liver impairment was significantly with aged> 50 versus younger ones [69.23% (27/39) versus 24.72%(66/267) respectively, p < 0.000). Interestingly, the burden of liver impairment (abnormal AST + ALAT) was significantly higher in HCVAb positive (62.5%, 30/48) versus HCVAb negative (24.42%, 63/258) participants, OR: 3.90 [1.96; 7.79], p = 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS In this rural health facility, HCVAb is highly endemic and the burden of liver impairment is concerning. Interestingly, HCVAb carriage is associated with abnormal liver levels of enzyme (ALT/AST), especially among the elderly populations. Hence, in the absence of nuclei acid testing, ALT/AST are relevant sentinel markers to screen HCVAb carriers who require monitoring/care for HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma in RLS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigue Kamga Wouambo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
- American Society for Microbiology (ASM), ASM Cameroon, Bangangte, Cameroon.
| | - Gaelle Panka Tchinda
- American Society for Microbiology (ASM), ASM Cameroon, Bangangte, Cameroon
- Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Luc Aime Kagoue Simeni
- American Society for Microbiology (ASM), ASM Cameroon, Bangangte, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Paule Dana Djouela Djoulako
- American Society for Microbiology (ASM), ASM Cameroon, Bangangte, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | | | - Ghislaine Flore Tamko Mella
- Laboratory of Fundamental Virology, Centre for Research on Emerging and Reemerging Diseases (CREMER), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Djoda Bello
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Joseph Fokam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Virology Laboratory, Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abu-Dayyeh I, Chemaitelly H, Ghunaim M, Hasan T, Abdelnour A, Abu-Raddad LJ. Patterns and trends of hepatitis C virus infection in Jordan: an observational study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1280427. [PMID: 38146470 PMCID: PMC10749371 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1280427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection levels in Jordan remain uncertain. No HCV national population-based survey has ever been conducted in the country. To meet the World Health Organization's target of reducing HCV incidence to ≤5 per 100,000 people per year by 2030, it is essential to determine the infection levels, identify affected individuals and populations, and provide appropriate treatment using direct-acting antivirals to individuals carrying the virus. Methods The study utilized the HCV testing database of 28,798 attendees of Biolab Diagnostic Laboratories in Jordan, covering the period from January 19, 2010, to May 26, 2023. Cross-sectional and cohort study analyses were conducted, including estimating HCV antibody (Ab) prevalence, examining associations with HCV Ab positivity, determining the HCV viremic rate, and estimating HCV incidence rate using a retrospective cohort study design. Results A total of 27,591 individuals, with a median age of 31.3 and 52.9% being females, underwent HCV Ab testing, while 1,450 individuals, with a median age of 42.2 and 32.8% being females, underwent HCV RNA PCR testing. The study sample HCV Ab prevalence was 4.0% (95% CI: 3.7-4.2%). After applying probability weights, the weighted HCV Ab prevalence was 5.8% (95% CI: 4.6-7.3%). Age was strongly associated with HCV Ab positivity, particularly among individuals aged 50 years or older, who had 10-fold higher odds of being HCV Ab positive compared to those aged 10-19 years. Males had 2.41-fold higher odds of testing positive for HCV Ab compared to females. The HCV viremic rate was 54.1% (95% CI: 43.0-65.0%). The cumulative incidence of HCV infection, after 5 years of follow-up, was estimated to be 0.41% (95% CI: 0.17-0.99%). The HCV incidence rate was calculated at 1.19 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI, 0.50-2.87). Conclusion Prevalence and incidence of HCV infection were substantial, estimated at ~5% and 1 per 1,000 person-years, respectively, and highlighting the presence of core groups actively engaged in the virus' acquisition and transmission. The high observed viremic rate indicates the need for expanding HCV treatment efforts to effectively control HCV transmission in Jordan. Utilizing quality diagnostic laboratories and innovative testing strategies is key to identifying infection carriers and facilitating linkage to treatment and care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Issa Abu-Dayyeh
- Department of Research and Development, Biolab Diagnostic Laboratories, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hiam Chemaitelly
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mohammad Ghunaim
- Department of Research and Development, Biolab Diagnostic Laboratories, Amman, Jordan
| | - Thaer Hasan
- Department of Research and Development, Biolab Diagnostic Laboratories, Amman, Jordan
| | - Amid Abdelnour
- Department of Research and Development, Biolab Diagnostic Laboratories, Amman, Jordan
| | - Laith J. Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abbasi F, Almukhtar M, Fazlollahpour-Naghibi A, Alizadeh F, Behzad Moghadam K, Jafari Tadi M, Ghadimi S, Bagheri K, Babaei H, Bijani MH, Rouholamin S, Razavi M, Rezaeinejad M, Chemaitelly H, Sepidarkish M, Farid-Mojtahedi M, Rostami A. Hepatitis C infection seroprevalence in pregnant women worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 66:102327. [PMID: 38045801 PMCID: PMC10692665 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Monitoring progress towards the WHO global target to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 2030, entails reliable prevalence estimates for HCV infection in different populations. Little is known about the global burden of HCV infection in pregnant women. Here, for the first time to our knowledge, we estimated the global and regional seroprevalence of HCV antibody (Ab) and determinants in pregnant women. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, we searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and SciELO databases for peer-reviewed observational studies between January 1, 2000 and April 1, 2023, without language or geographical restrictions. Pooled global seroprevalence (and 95% confidence interval, CI) were estimated using random-effects meta-analysis and seroprevalences were categorised according to World Health Organization regions and subregions, publishing year, countries' income and human development index (HDI) levels. We used sensitivity analysis to assess the effect of four large sample size studies on pooled global prevalence through the "leave-one-out" method. We also investigated the association of potential risk factors with HCV seropositivity in pregnant women by subgroup and meta-regression analyses. The Protocol was registered in PROSPERO CRD42023423259. Findings We included 192 eligible studies (208 datasets), with data for 148,509,760 pregnant women from 53 countries. The global seroprevalence of HCV Ab in pregnant women was 1.80% (95% CI, 1.72-1.89%) and 3.29% (3.01-3.57%) in overall and sensitivity analyses, respectively. The seroprevalence was highest in the Eastern Mediterranean region (6.21%, 4.39-8.29%) and lowest in the Western Pacific region (0.75%, 0.38-1.22%). Subgroup analysis indicated that the seroprevalence of HCV Ab among pregnant women was significantly higher for those with opioid use disorder (51.94%, 95% CI: 37.32-66.39) and HIV infection (4.34%, 95% CI: 2.21-7.06%) than for the general population of pregnant women (1.08%, 95% CI: 1.02-1.15%), as confirmed by multivariable meta-regression (p < 0.001). A significant decreasing trend was observed with increasing human development index levels. Other important risk factors for HCV seropositivity included older age, lower educational levels, poly sexual activity, history of blood transfusion, hospitalization, surgery, abortion and sexual transmitted diseases, having scarification/tattoo or piercing, and testing hepatitis B positive. Interpretation This meta-analysis showed relatively high burden of exposure to HCV infection (2.2-5.3 million) in pregnant women globally. However, due to substantial heterogeneity between studies, our estimates might be different than the true seroprevalence. Our findings highlighted the need to expand HCV screening for women of reproductive age or during pregnancy, particularly in countries with high prevalence; as well as for more studies that assess safety of existing therapeutic drugs during pregnancy or potentially support development of drugs for pregnant women. Funding There was no funding source for this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Abbasi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Andarz Fazlollahpour-Naghibi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Faezeh Alizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Mehrdad Jafari Tadi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Centre, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Saleh Ghadimi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Kimia Bagheri
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hedye Babaei
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Bijani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Safoura Rouholamin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Razavi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahroo Rezaeinejad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hiam Chemaitelly
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Farid-Mojtahedi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rostami
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Radkowski M, Grabarczyk P, Kryczka T, Caraballo Cortès K, Kubicka-Russel D, Janiak M, Osuch S, Perlejewski K, Laskus T. Cytokine profile and viral diversity in the early seronegative stage of community-acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20045. [PMID: 37973814 PMCID: PMC10654698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Most Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected subjects develop chronic infection, whereas a minority clear the virus in the early phase of infection. We analyzed factors associated with outcome (chronicity vs clearance) during the preclinical seronegative phase of community-acquired HCV infection. Among 17.5 million blood donations in the years 2000-2016, 124 blood donors were found to be HCV RNA-positive/anti-HCV-negative. All were contacted after 0.5-12.7 years and 40 responded and provided blood sample. Hypervariable region 1 was analyzed by ultradeep pyrosequencing and cytokines in serum were quantified by Luminex (R&D Systems) multiplex immunoassay. Twenty-one (52.5%) donors were found to be HCV-RNA-positive, while 19 (47.5%) were HCV RNA negative (none received antiviral treatment). All but one seroconverted to anti-HCV. Donors with resolving hepatitis did not differ significantly from donors with chronic infection with respect to age, genotypes, IL28B polymorphisms, number of viral variants, nucleotide diversity per site or the overall number of nucleotide substitutions. However, the former group had significantly higher levels of IL-1beta, IL-1RA, IL-6, IFN-gamma and FGF-2 in serum. In our study of community-acquired acute hepatitis C approximately half of all subjects eliminated the virus spontaneously, and this clearance was associated with marked cytokine response in the early seronegative stage of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Radkowski
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Grabarczyk
- Department of Virology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kryczka
- Department of Development of Nursing and Social and Medical Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Caraballo Cortès
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Kubicka-Russel
- Department of Virology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Janiak
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Osuch
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Perlejewski
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Laskus
- Department of Adult Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 37 Wolska St., 01-201, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chowdhary S, Deka R, Panda K, Kumar R, Solomon AD, Das J, Kanoujiya S, Gupta AK, Sinha S, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK, Gupta PK. Recent Updates on Viral Oncogenesis: Available Preventive and Therapeutic Entities. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:3698-3740. [PMID: 37486263 PMCID: PMC10410670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Human viral oncogenesis is a complex phenomenon and a major contributor to the global cancer burden. Several recent findings revealed cellular and molecular pathways that promote the development and initiation of malignancy when viruses cause an infection. Even, antiviral treatment has become an approach to eliminate the viral infections and prevent the activation of oncogenesis. Therefore, for a better understanding, the molecular pathogenesis of various oncogenic viruses like, hepatitis virus, human immunodeficiency viral (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), could be explored, especially, to expand many potent antivirals that may escalate the apoptosis of infected malignant cells while sparing normal and healthy ones. Moreover, contemporary therapies, such as engineered antibodies antiviral agents targeting signaling pathways and cell biomarkers, could inhibit viral oncogenesis. This review elaborates the recent advancements in both natural and synthetic antivirals to control viral oncogenesis. The study also highlights the challenges and future perspectives of using antivirals in viral oncogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Chowdhary
- Department
of Industrial Microbiology, Sam Higginbottom
University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Rahul Deka
- Department
of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla
Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Kingshuk Panda
- Department
of Applied Microbiology, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Department
of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishikt David Solomon
- Department
of Molecular & Cellular Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jimli Das
- Centre
for
Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Dibrugarh
University, Assam 786004, India
| | - Supriya Kanoujiya
- School
of
Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Gupta
- Department
of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Somya Sinha
- Department
of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to
Be University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Division
of Research and Development, Lovely Professional
University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department
of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department
of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to
Be University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
- Faculty
of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International
University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ayoub HH, Mahmud S, Chemaitelly H, Abu-Raddad LJ. Treatment as prevention for hepatitis C virus in the Middle East and North Africa: a modeling study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1187786. [PMID: 37521971 PMCID: PMC10374017 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1187786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Direct-acting antivirals opened an opportunity for eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), the region most affected by HCV infection. Impact of HCV treatment as prevention (HCV-TasP) was investigated in 19 MENA countries. Methods An age-structured mathematical model was used to assess program impact using epidemiologic and programming measures. The model was fitted to a database of systematically gathered HCV antibody prevalence data. Two main scenarios were investigated for the treatment roll-out to achieve (i) 80% reduction in HCV incidence by 2030, and (ii) incidence rate < 1 per 100,000 person-years by 2030. Results In the target-80%-incidence-reduction scenario, number of treatments administrated by 2030 ranged from 2,610 in Lebanon to 180,416 in Sudan with a median of 53,079, and treatment coverage ranged between 40.2 and 78.4% with a median of 60.4%. By 2030, prevalence of chronic infection ranged between 0.0 and 0.3% with a median of 0.1%, and incidence rate, per 100,000 person-years, ranged between 0.9 and 16.3 with a median of 3.2. Program-attributed reduction in incidence rate ranged between 47.8 and 81.9% with a median of 68.5%, and number of averted infections ranged between 401 and 68,499 with a median of 8,703. Number of treatments needed to prevent one new infection ranged from 1.7 in Oman to 25.9 in Tunisia with a median of 6.5. In the target incidence rate < 1 per 100,000 person-years scenario, number of treatments administrated by 2030 ranged from 3,470 in Lebanon to 211,912 in Sudan with a median of 54,479, and treatment coverage ranged between 55.5 and 95.9% with a median of 87.5%. By 2030, prevalence of chronic infection was less than 0.1%, and incidence rate, per 100,000 person-years, reached less than 1. Program-attributed reduction in incidence rate ranged between 61.0 and 97.5% with a median of 90.7%, and number of averted infections ranged between 559 and 104,315 with a median of 12,158. Number of treatments needed to prevent one new infection ranged from 1.3 in Oman to 25.9 in Tunisia with a median of 5.5. Conclusion HCV-TasP is an effective and indispensable prevention intervention to control MENA's HCV epidemic and to achieve elimination by 2030.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houssein H. Ayoub
- Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarwat Mahmud
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hiam Chemaitelly
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Laith J. Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu B, Zhang E, Ma X, Luo S, Wang C, Zhang L, Wang W, Fu Y, Allain JP, Li C, Li T. Early Phase of Specific Cellular Immune Status Associates with HCV Infection Outcomes in Marmosets. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051082. [PMID: 37243168 DOI: 10.3390/v15051082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The major mechanism for determination of HCV infection outcomes has not been fully described, particularly in the early phase of the "window-period" of infection. Based on two groups of marmosets infected with HCV-CE1E2p7/GBV-B chimeric virus (HCV chimera) or GBV-B, the immune mechanism correlating with the different outcomes of virus infections was explored in this study. HCV chimera containing the entire HCV core and envelope proteins (CE1E2p7) and GBV-B RNA were intrahepatically injected into four marmosets in each group, respectively. Blood samples were taken from individual animals in an interval of 2 weeks. Viral load and specific T cell responses were detected in two groups of HCV chimera- and GBV-B-infected marmosets. HCV chimera-infected marmosets appeared to have a virally persistent infection over 6 months post inoculation of the virus. Of these, the specific IFN-γ-secretion T cell response slowly developed over 13 to 19 weeks and was maintained at a relatively low level with 40-70 SFC/106 PBMCs, while the specific Treg cell response was rapidly activated over 3 weeks and was maintained at a high level around 5% among lymphocytes. In contrast, GBV-B-infected marmosets presented spontaneous viral clearance within 6 months; the specific IFN-γ-secretion T cell response was quickly established over 5 to 7 weeks and was maintained at a high level with 50-130 SFC/106 PBMCs, while the specific Treg cell response was inactivated and maintained at a baseline below 3% among lymphocytes. In conclusion, the HCV structural proteins inducing immune suppression in the early phase of HCV infection contributed to the viral persistence, of which the activation of Treg cells might play an important role in the inhibition of an effective T cell antiviral response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Liu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Enhui Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaorui Ma
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shengxue Luo
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yongshui Fu
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Jean-Pierre Allain
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2PT, UK
| | - Chengyao Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Walters SM, Frank D, Felsher M, Jaiswal J, Fletcher S, Bennett AS, Friedman SR, Ouellet LJ, Ompad DC, Jenkins W, Pho MT. How the rural risk environment underpins hepatitis C risk: Qualitative findings from rural southern Illinois, United States. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2023; 112:103930. [PMID: 36641816 PMCID: PMC9974910 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has increased among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States with disproportionate burden in rural areas. We use the Risk Environment framework to explore potential economic, physical, social, and political determinants of hepatitis C in rural southern Illinois. METHODS Nineteen in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with PWID from August 2019 through February 2020 (i.e., pre-COVID-19 pandemic) and four with key informants who professionally worked with PWID. Interviews were recorded, professionally transcribed, and coded using qualitative software. We followed a grounded theory approach for coding and analyses. RESULTS We identify economic, physical, policy, and social factors that may influence HCV transmission risk and serve as barriers to HCV care. Economic instability and lack of economic opportunities, a lack of physically available HCV prevention and treatment services, structural stigma such as policies that criminalize drug use, and social stigma emerged in interviews as potential risks for transmission and barriers to care. CONCLUSION The rural risk environment framework acknowledges the importance of community and structural factors that influence HCV infection and other disease transmission and care. We find that larger structural factors produce vulnerabilities and reduce access to resources, which negatively impact hepatitis C disease outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzan M Walters
- Department of Epidemiology, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research, New York, NY, United States.
| | - David Frank
- Department of Epidemiology, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marisa Felsher
- College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, United States
| | - Jessica Jaiswal
- Department of Health Science, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Scott Fletcher
- Department of Epidemiology, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research, New York, NY, United States; College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, United States; Department of Health Science, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, United States; Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Population Science and Policy, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; The Community Action Place, Murphysboro, IL, United States
| | - Alex S Bennett
- Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research, New York, NY, United States; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Samuel R Friedman
- Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research, New York, NY, United States; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, United States
| | - Lawrence J Ouellet
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Danielle C Ompad
- Department of Epidemiology, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wiley Jenkins
- Department of Population Science and Policy, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Mai T Pho
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Röhrig AM, Jakobi K, Dietz J, Thomas D, Herrmann E, Welsch C, Sarrazin C, Pfeilschifter J, Zeuzem S, Grammatikos G. The role of serum sphingolipids as potential biomarkers of non-response to direct acting antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Viral Hepat 2023; 30:138-147. [PMID: 36463431 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Elimination strategies of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection aim to optimize the high antiviral potency of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Sphingolipids (SLs) constitute bioactive lipid compounds with a remarkable second messenger potential. SL levels associate with responsiveness to interferon treatment in HCV-patients, thus prompting the question whether failure to DAAs can be predicted by the serologic sphingolipidomic profile. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to retrospectively quantify various sphingolipid metabolites in baseline serum samples of 97 chronic HCV patients with DAA failure compared with an age-matched cohort of 95 HCV-patients with sustained virological response (SVR). Sphingosine, sphinganine, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and sphinganine-1-phosphate (SA1P) serum concentrations were significantly upregulated at baseline in patients with DAA failure compared to patients with SVR. Similarly, GluC24:1Cer baseline levels were significantly upregulated in patients with DAA failure compared to the patients with SVR. However, GluC18Cer serum levels showed decreased baseline levels for patients with DAA failure compared to patients with SVR. In multivariate analysis sphinganine (OR 0.08494, CI 0.07393-0.9759, p = .021223), SA1P (OR 0.9818, CI 0.9653-0.9987, p = .034801), GluCerC18 (OR 1.0683, CI 1.0297-1.1104, p = .000786) and GluCer24:1 (OR 0.9961, CI 0.994-0.998, p = .000294) constituted independent predictors of treatment response. In conclusion, serum sphingolipid concentrations, in particular sphingosine, sphinganine and their derivatives S1P and SA1P as well as glucosylceramides may identify at baseline the minority of HCV patients with DAA failure. Serum sphingolipids could constitute additional biomarkers for national treatment strategies aiming to eliminate HCV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aissa Miriam Röhrig
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katja Jakobi
- Goethe University Hospital, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia Dietz
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Goethe University, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Herrmann
- Department of Medicine, Goethe University, Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modelling, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph Welsch
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph Sarrazin
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,St. Josefs-Hospital, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Goethe University Hospital, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georgios Grammatikos
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,St' Lukes Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Madaki Z, Abacioglu N, Usman AG, Taner N, Sehirli AO, Abba SI. Novel Hybridized Computational Paradigms Integrated with Five Stand-Alone Algorithms for Clinical Prediction of HCV Status among Patients: A Data-Driven Technique. Life (Basel) 2022; 13:79. [PMID: 36676028 PMCID: PMC9866913 DOI: 10.3390/life13010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of health informatics opens new opportunities and doors for different disease diagnoses. The current work proposed the implementation of five different stand-alone techniques coupled with four different novel hybridized paradigms for the clinical prediction of hepatitis C status among patients, using both sociodemographic and clinical input variables. Both the visualized and quantitative performances of the stand-alone algorithms present the capability of the Gaussian process regression (GPR), Generalized neural network (GRNN), and Interactive linear regression (ILR) over the Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models. Hence, due to the lower performance of the stand-alone algorithms at a certain point, four different novel hybrid data intelligent algorithms were proposed, including: interactive linear regression-Gaussian process regression (ILR-GPR), interactive linear regression-generalized neural network (ILR-GRNN), interactive linear regression-Support Vector Regression (ILR-SVR), and interactive linear regression-adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ILR-ANFIS), to boost the prediction accuracy of the stand-alone techniques in the clinical prediction of hepatitis C among patients. Based on the quantitative prediction skills presented by the novel hybridized paradigms, the proposed techniques were able to enhance the performance efficiency of the single paradigms up to 44% and 45% in the calibration and validation phases, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah Madaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, North Cyprus, Mersin-10, 99138 Nicosia, Türkiye
| | - Nurettin Abacioglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, North Cyprus, Mersin-10, 99138 Nicosia, Türkiye
| | - A. G. Usman
- Operational Research Centre in Healthcare, Near East University, North Cyprus, Mersin-10, 99138 Nicosia, Türkiye
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, North Cyprus, Mersin-10, 99138 Nicosia, Türkiye
| | - Neda Taner
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet. O. Sehirli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Nicosia, Near East University, North Cyprus, Mersin-10, 99138 Nicosia, Türkiye
| | - S. I. Abba
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security, Faculty of Petroleum and Minerals, King Fahd University, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Movement is Life-Optimizing Patient Access to Total Joint Arthroplasty: HIV and Hepatitis C Disparities. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2022; 30:1011-1016. [PMID: 34723921 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-21-00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This article is one of a series focusing on how the preoperative optimization process, if designed for underserved communities, can improve access to care and reduce disparities. In this article, we specifically focus on methods to improve optimization for patients with HIV and hepatitis C to facilitate their access to total joint arthroplasty. 1.2 million Americans are currently living with HIV (people living with HIV). African Americans and Hispanics account for the largest proportion of new HIV diagnoses and make up the highest proportion of people living with HIV. HIV-positive patients, many of them with complex comorbidities, are at a high risk for postoperative complications. Optimization of this vulnerable cohort involves a multidisciplinary strategy focusing on optimizing treatment modalities to reduce viral loads, leading to lower complication rates and a safer environment for the surgical team. The rates of hepatitis C have been increasing in the United States, and more than half of individuals living with hepatitis C are unaware that they are infected. Hepatitis C infections are highest in African Americans, and the rates of chronic hepatitis C are highest in those born outside the United States. Patients with hepatitis C have an increased risk for surgical complications after total joint arthroplasty, and studies have demonstrated that these risks normalize when patients are preoperatively screened and treated. Optimization in these vulnerable groups includes working closely with psychosocial resources, the primary care team, and infectious disease specialists to ensure treatment access and compliance.
Collapse
|
20
|
Drysdale K, Rance J, Cama E, Treloar C, Mao L. What is known about the care and support provided for an ageing population with lived experience of chronic viral hepatitis as they near end-of-life: A scoping review. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e3775-e3788. [PMID: 36259240 PMCID: PMC10092025 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.14066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ageing with a chronic hepatitis B (HBV) or hepatitis C (HCV) infection is an emerging public health priority. For people living with chronic viral hepatitis, their disease progression into old age is both underpinned by their existing blood borne virus and the potential emergence of other infectious and non-infectious conditions. These twinned pathways bring additional challenges to the care and support for people as they near end of life. This scoping review sought to examine what is known about the experiences of the end-of-life phase of an increasing population ageing with HBV and HCV in studies conducted in high-income settings and published in peer reviewed literature (2010-2021). In interpreting this literature, we found that challenges in determining the end-of life phase for people with lived experience of HBV or HCV are exacerbated by the conflation of aetiologies into a singular diagnosis of end-stage liver disease. Studies overwhelmingly reported the clinical aspects of end-of-life care (i.e. prognosis assessment and symptom management) with less attention paid to educative aspects (i.e. advance care directives and surrogate decision makers, discussion of treatment options and determining goals of care). Psychosocial interventions (i.e. quality of life beyond symptom management, including emotional/spiritual support and family and bereavement support) received limited attention in the literature, though there was some recognition that psychosocial interventions should be part of end-of-life care provision. Given the focus on the prominent disease presentation of liver cirrhosis and/or end-stage liver disease, the social and cultural dimensions of these infections have received less attention in the literature on end-of-life in the context of chronic viral hepatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerryn Drysdale
- Centre for Social Research in HealthUNSW SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Jake Rance
- Centre for Social Research in HealthUNSW SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Elena Cama
- Centre for Social Research in HealthUNSW SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Carla Treloar
- Centre for Social Research in HealthUNSW SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Limin Mao
- Centre for Social Research in HealthUNSW SydneySydneyAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Titanji BK, Lee M, Wang Z, Chen J, Hui Q, Lo Re III V, So-Armah K, Justice AC, Xu K, Freiberg M, Gwinn M, Marconi VC, Sun YV. Epigenome-wide association study of biomarkers of liver function identifies albumin-associated DNA methylation sites among male veterans with HIV. Front Genet 2022; 13:1020871. [PMID: 36303554 PMCID: PMC9592923 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1020871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver disease (LD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality for people with HIV (PWH). The molecular factors linked with LD in PWH are varied and incompletely characterized. We performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) to identify associations between DNA methylation (DNAm) and biomarkers of liver function-aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, albumin, total bilirubin, platelet count, FIB-4 score, and APRI score-in male United States veterans with HIV. Methods: Blood samples and clinical data were obtained from 960 HIV-infected male PWH from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study. DNAm was assessed using the Illumina 450K or the EPIC 850K array in two mutually exclusive subsets. We performed a meta-analysis for each DNAm site measured by either platform. We also examined the associations between four measures of DNAm age acceleration (AA) and liver biomarkers. Results: Nine DNAm sites were positively associated with serum albumin in the meta-analysis of the EPIC and 450K EWAS after correcting for multiple testing. Four DNAm sites (cg16936953, cg18942579, cg01409343, and cg12054453), annotated within the TMEM49 and four of the remaining five sites (cg18181703, cg03546163, cg20995564, and cg23966214) annotated to SOCS3, FKBP5, ZEB2, and SAMD14 genes, respectively. The DNAm site, cg12992827, was not annotated to any known coding sequence. No significant associations were detected for the other six liver biomarkers. Higher PhenoAA was significantly associated with lower level of serum albumin (β = -0.007, p-value = 8.6 × 10-4, CI: -0.011116, -0.002884). Conclusion: We identified epigenetic associations of both individual DNAm sites and DNAm AA with liver function through serum albumin in men with HIV. Further replication analyses in independent cohorts are warranted to confirm the epigenetic mechanisms underlying liver function and LD in PWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boghuma K. Titanji
- Division of Infectious Disease, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mitch Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zeyuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Junyu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Qin Hui
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Vincent Lo Re III
- Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kaku So-Armah
- Boston University Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amy C. Justice
- Connecticut Veteran Health System, West Haven, CT, United States,Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ke Xu
- Connecticut Veteran Health System, West Haven, CT, United States,Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Matthew Freiberg
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division and Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Marta Gwinn
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Vincent C. Marconi
- Division of Infectious Disease, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States,Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States,Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yan V. Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Yan V. Sun,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Trivedi P, Abbas A, Lehmann C, Rupasinghe HPV. Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds and Their Potential Use in the Treatment of COVID-19-Related Pathologies. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:289-306. [PMID: 36278757 PMCID: PMC9589987 DOI: 10.3390/jox12040020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly contagious coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been declared a global pandemic and public health emergency as it has taken the lives of over 5.7 million in more than 180 different countries. This disease is characterized by respiratory tract symptoms, such as dry cough and shortness of breath, as well as other symptoms, including fever, chills, and fatigue. COVID-19 is also characterized by the excessive release of cytokines causing inflammatory injury to the lungs and other organs. It is advised to undergo precautionary measures, such as vaccination, social distancing, use of masks, hygiene, and a healthy diet. This review is aimed at summarizing the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and potential biologically active compounds (bioactive) found in plants and plant food. We conclude that many plant food bioactive compounds exhibit antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties and support in attenuating organ damage due to reduced cytokine release and improving the recovery process from COVID-19 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Trivedi
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 3E2, Canada
| | - Amna Abbas
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 3E2, Canada
| | - H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 3E2, Canada
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim TV, Le DH, Dao DV, Pham TND, Mize GW, Phan LT, Nguyen DX, Ngo TTD, Gish RG, Lee WM, Trang A, Le AN, Chen M, Phan HT, Nguyen BT, Tang HK, Dao DY. Demonstration of a population-based HCV serosurvey in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam: Establishing baseline prevalence of and continuum of care for HCV micro-elimination by 2030. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 27:100524. [PMID: 35846980 PMCID: PMC9283666 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A baseline of hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden and other HCV epidemiological profiles is necessary for HCV micro-elimination in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Viet Nam. This study aimed to determine HCV exposure and prevalence of HCV viremia as well as the proportion of HCV testing and treatment uptake among participants. METHODS From 2019 to 2020, the probability proportionate to size sampling method was deployed to representatively invite approximately 20,000 adults (18 or older) throughout HCMC to free screening and linkage to care for HCV. FINDINGS In HCMC, the weighted prevalence of anti-HCV was 1·3% (95% CI, 1·1%-1·6%). Individuals born from 1945 to 1964 had the anti-HCV prevalence of 3·6% (95% CI, 3·0%-4·2%) and represented 40·4% of all HCV cases. There were wide variations in anti-HCV prevalence in HCMC, including variations between districts, risk factors, and socioeconomic statuses. A baseline HCV continuum of care for the city demonstrated that only 28·5% (85/298, 95%CI 23·4-33·7%) of persons with anti-HCV (+) were aware of their HCV status, with 77.6% (66/85, 95%CI 68·8-86·5%) diagnosing HCV incidentally, 82·7% (62/75, 95%CI 74·1-91·2%) initiating anti-HCV therapy, and 53.6% (30/56, 95%CI 40·5-66·6%) achieving HCV cures. INTERPRETATION There remains a considerable disease burden of HCV in HCMC of which a significant proportion was in the age group born between 1945 to 1964. Additionally, there were significant gaps in HCV awareness, screening, and access to care in the community in Viet Nam. Thus, future interventions must have pragmatic targets, be tailored to the local needs, and emphasise screening. FUNDING This work was supported by investigator-sponsored research grants from Gilead Sciences Inc. (Grant No: IN-US-987-5382); Roche Diagnostic International Ltd. (Grant No. SUB-000196); and in-kind donations from Abbott Diagnostic Viet Nam; Hepatitis B Foundation; Medic Medical Center, Viet Nam; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine's Center of Excellence for Liver Disease in Viet Nam; and the Board of Directors, Viet Nam Viral Hepatitis Alliance (V-VHA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh V. Kim
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Duc H. Le
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Trang Ngoc Doan Pham
- Vietnam Viral Hepatitis Alliance, Reston, VA, USA
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gary W. Mize
- Vietnam Viral Hepatitis Alliance, Reston, VA, USA
| | | | - Dan X. Nguyen
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | | | - William M. Lee
- Vietnam Viral Hepatitis Alliance, Reston, VA, USA
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Amy Trang
- Vietnam Viral Hepatitis Alliance, Reston, VA, USA
| | - Anh N. Le
- Vietnam Viral Hepatitis Alliance, Reston, VA, USA
| | - Moon Chen
- University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hai T. Phan
- Medic Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Binh T. Nguyen
- Ho Chi Minh City Department of Health, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hong K. Tang
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Doan Y Dao
- Vietnam Viral Hepatitis Alliance, Reston, VA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Liver Disease in Viet Nam, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pham TTH, Nguyen TTL, So S, Hoang THV, Nguyen TTU, Ngo TB, Nguyen MP, Thai QH, Nguyen NK, Ho TQAL, Tran QP, Mai TS, Toy M, Pham MK. Knowledge and Attitude Related to Hepatitis C among Medical Students in the Oral Direct Acting Antiviral Agents Era in Vietnam. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12298. [PMID: 36231600 PMCID: PMC9565151 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students play important frontline roles in the prevention, early detection, and treatment of hepatitis C. This study investigated knowledge and attitudes toward hepatitis C among 5th- and 6th-year medical students and possible associated factors. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2000 students from eight medical universities using a self-administered structured questionnaire. RESULTS The mean knowledge and attitude scores for hepatitis C were 20.1 ± 4.0 (out of 26) and 10.6 ± 2.9 (out of 20), respectively. Approximately, three-quarters (74.4%) of the participants had a good knowledge score, but only a small proportion (3.1%) obtained a good attitude score. Although the participants had fairly high knowledge about the causes, consequences, and transmission routes of hepatitis C, there were important gaps in their knowledge about hepatitis C screening and treatment. In multivariate analysis, female students, 5th-year students, and students from the central provinces had significantly higher knowledge and attitude scores. There was a low positive correlation between knowledge and attitude scores. CONCLUSION This study points out the need to update the medical training curriculum to improve the knowledge and attitude of students about hepatitis C infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thanh Hang Pham
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Thi Thuy Linh Nguyen
- Faculty of Public Health, Haiphong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Haiphong 04212, Vietnam
| | - Samuel So
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Thi Hai Van Hoang
- Department of Global Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 11521, Vietnam
| | - Thi To Uyen Nguyen
- Faculty of Public Health, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen 24117, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Binh Ngo
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh 06118, Vietnam
| | - Minh Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 94117, Vietnam
| | - Quang Hung Thai
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tay Nguyen University, Dak Lak 63000, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Khoi Nguyen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 71006, Vietnam
| | - Thi Quynh Anh Le Ho
- Family Medicine Center, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 49000, Vietnam
| | - Quang Phuc Tran
- Faculty of Public Health, Haiphong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Haiphong 04212, Vietnam
| | - Trung Son Mai
- General Office for Population and Family Planning, Vietnam Ministry of Health, Hanoi 12014, Vietnam
| | - Mehlika Toy
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Minh Khue Pham
- Faculty of Public Health, Haiphong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Haiphong 04212, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chang SS, Hu HY, Chen YC, Yen YF, Huang N. Late hepatitis C virus diagnosis among patients with newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma: a case–control study. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:425. [PMID: 36115934 PMCID: PMC9482748 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
New direct-acting antiviral therapies have revolutionized hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection therapy. Nonetheless, once liver cirrhosis is established, the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still exists despite virus eradication. Late HCV diagnosis hinders timely access to HCV treatment. Thus, we determined trends and risk factors associated with late HCV among patients with a diagnosis of HCC in Taiwan.
Methods
We conducted a population-based unmatched case–control study. 2008–2018 Claims data were derived from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Individuals with an initial occurrence of liver cancer between 2012 and 2018 were included. The late HCV group were referred as individuals who were diagnosed with HCC within 3 years after HCV diagnosis. The control group were referred as individuals who were diagnosed more than 3 years after the index date. We used multivariable logistic models to explore individual- and provider-level risk factors associated with a late HCV diagnosis.
Results
A decreasing trend was observed in the prevalence of late HCV-related HCC diagnosis between 2012 and 2018 in Taiwan. On an individual level, male, elderly patients, patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and patients with alcohol-related disease had significantly higher risks of late HCV-related HCC diagnosis. On a provider level, patients who were mainly cared for by male physicians, internists and family medicine physicians had a significantly lower risk of late diagnosis.
Conclusions
Elderly and patients who have DM and alcohol related disease should receive early HCV screening. In addition to comorbidities, physician factors also matter. HCV screening strategies shall take these higher risk patients and physician factors into consideration to avoid missing opportunities for early intervention.
Collapse
|
26
|
Mangrio GR, Maneengam A, Khalid Z, Jafar TH, Chanihoon GQ, Nassani R, Unar A. RP-HPLC Method Development, Validation, and Drug Repurposing of Sofosbuvir Pharmaceutical Dosage Form: A Multidimensional Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113282. [PMID: 35487258 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A smooth, exceptionally sensitive, correct, and extra reproducible RP-HPLC technique was developed and demonstrated to estimate Sofosbuvir (SOF) in pharmaceutical dosage formulations. This process was carried out by Agilent High-Pressure Liquid Chromatograph 1260 with GI311C Quat. Pump, Phenomenex Luna C-18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 μm) (USA), and Photodiode Array Detector (PDA) G1315D. The cell section, including acetonitrile and methanol with 80:20 v/v and solution (B) 0.1% phosphoric acid (40:60), was used for the study. However, 10 μL of the sample was injected with a drift flow of 1 mL/min. The separation occurred at a column temperature of 30 °C, and the eluents used PDA set at 260 nm. The retention time of SOF was 5 min. The calibration curve was modified linearly within the range of 0.05-0.15 mg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 and genuine linear dating among top vicinity and consciousness in the calibration curve. The detection and quantification restrictions were 0.001 and 0.003 mg/mL, respectively. SOF recovery from pharmaceutical components ranged from 98% to 99%. The percentage assay of SOF was 99%. Analytical validation parameters, such as specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and selectivity, were studied, and the percentage relative standard deviation (%RSD) was less than 2%. All other key parameters were observed within the desired thresholds. Hence, the proposed RP-HPLC technique was proven effective for developing SOF in bulk and pharmaceutical pill dosage forms. SOF was found to interact with SARS-COV-2 nsp12, and molecular docking results revealed its high affinity and firm binding within the active site groove of nsp12. The key interacting residues include; LYS-72, GLN-75, MET-80 ALA-99, ASN-99, TRP-100, TYR-101 with ASN-99 and TRP-100 forming hydrogen bonds. Molecular Dynamics simulation of SOF and nsp12 complex elucidated that the system was stable throughout 20ns. Therefore, this drug repurposing strategy for SOF can be used for treating COVID-19 infections by performing animal experiments and accurate clinical trials in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Apichit Maneengam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Wongsawang, Bangsue, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Zunera Khalid
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, PR China
| | | | - Ghulam Qadir Chanihoon
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76090, Pakistan
| | - Rayan Nassani
- Center for Computational Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ahsanullah Unar
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Curado A, Nogueira PJ, Virgolino A, Santa Maria J, Mendão L, Furtado C, Antunes F. Hepatitis C antibody prevalence and behavioral correlates in people who inject drugs attending harm reduction services in Lisbon, Portugal. Front Public Health 2022; 10:952909. [PMID: 36081480 PMCID: PMC9445135 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.952909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important public health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. People who inject drugs (PWID) are at increased risk of HCV infection due to, among other factors, widespread unsafe injecting practices, such as sharing of infected equipment or unprotected sexual practices. In Portugal, there is a lack of data regarding the proportion of infected persons through injecting drug use. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-HCV prevalence and behavioral correlates of infection in PWID attending harm reduction services in the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon, Portugal. A cross-sectional study with a purposive sample of PWID was undertaken between March 2018 and March 2020. Participants were recruited through the harm-reduction services of a nongovernmental organization. A rapid diagnostic test for anti-HCV screening was performed. Data on drug consumption history and current practices, past HCV testing, care and treatment history, and knowledge regarding hepatitis C were also collected through a questionnaire applied by trained inquirers. A total of 176 PWID participated in this study. An overall prevalence of 70.5% of anti-HCV positive in this population was found. Those with an anti-HCV positive testing result tended to start consuming at a younger age and have a higher consumption of benzodiazepines in the last 30 days. Sharing needles and other injecting material is a frequent risk behavior among this group. Also, they are more likely to have attended an opioid agonist treatment and to have undertaken previous hepatitis C and HIV tests in the past. This study represents an important effort to better understand the HCV prevalence and behavioral correlates of infection among PWID in Portugal, as well as to better estimate those in need of HCV treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Curado
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal,Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal,Grupo de Ativistas em Tratamentos, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo Jorge Nogueira
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal,Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal,Laboratório de Biomatemática, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Virgolino
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal,Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal,*Correspondence: Ana Virgolino
| | | | - Luís Mendão
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal,Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal,Grupo de Ativistas em Tratamentos, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Furtado
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal,Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal,Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco Antunes
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal,Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ye F, Zhai M, Long J, Gong Y, Ren C, Zhang D, Lin X, Liu S. The burden of liver cirrhosis in mortality: Results from the global burden of disease study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:909455. [PMID: 36033800 PMCID: PMC9403789 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.909455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cirrhosis-related death is a serious threat worldwide. The number of studies exploring the mortality trend of cirrhosis caused by specific etiologies was limited. This study aimed to demonstrate the pattern and trend based on the data of global burden of disease (GBD). Methods The data of cirrhosis mortality were collected from the GBD 2017. The Age standardized mortality rate (ASR) and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were used to estimate the temporal trend of liver cirrhosis mortality by etiologies, regions, sociodemographic index (SDI), and sexes. Results Globally, mortality cases of cirrhosis increased by 47.15%. Although the global ASR of cirrhosis mortality remained stable during this period, the temporal trend varied in etiologies. The ASR of mortality caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV), alcohol consumption, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) increased with an EAPC of 0.17 (95% CI, 0.14-0.20), 0.20 (95% CI, 0.16-0.24), 1.00 (95% CI, 0.97-1.04), respectively. A decreasing trend of ASR was found among the causes of hepatitis B virus (BV) and other causes. The increased pattern was heterogeneous worldwide. The most pronounced increase trend was found in middle-high SDI regions and Eastern Europe. Contrarily, the most pronounced decrease trend was found in low SDI regions and Western Sub-Saharan Africa. Conclusion Cirrhosis is still a public health problem. The growth trend of cirrhosis mortality caused by HCV was slowed by promoting direct-acting antiviral therapy. Unfortunately, we observed an unfavorable trend in etiologies for alcohol consumption and NASH, which indicated that more targeted and specific strategies should be established to limit alcohol consumption and promote healthy lifestyles in high-risk countries, especially in middle-high SDI regions and Eastern Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mimi Zhai
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhai Long
- Department of Respiratory, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medicine University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chutong Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The Huaihua Second People's Hospital, Huaihua, China
| | - Sushun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Sushun Liu ;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Said ZNA, El-Sayed MH. Challenge of managing hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections in resource-limited settings. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1333-1343. [PMID: 36158908 PMCID: PMC9376770 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i7.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections and coinfection represents a major public health concern, particularly in resource-limited settings. Elimination of HCV by 2030 has become foreseeable, with effective direct-acting antiviral oral therapies and the availability of affordable generics in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). However, access to oral nucleos(t)ide therapy for HBV remains critical and is limited outside the existing global HIV program platforms despite affordable prices. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV through scaling up of birth dose implementation in LMICs is essential to achieve the 2030 elimination goal. Most individuals living with HBV and/or HCV in resource-limited settings are unaware of their infection, and with improved access to medications, the most significant barrier remains access to affordable diagnostics and preventive strategies. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic interrupted hepatitis elimination programs, albeit offered opportunities for improved diagnostic capacities and raised political awareness of the critical need for strengthening health care services and universal health coverage. This review underpins the HBV and HCV management challenges in resource-limited settings, highlighting the current status and suggested future elimination strategies in some of these countries. Global efforts should continue to improve awareness and political commitment. Financial resources should be secured to access and implement comprehensive strategies for diagnosis and linkage to care in resource-constrained settings to fulfill the 2030 elimination goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Nabil Ahmed Said
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Manal Hamdy El-Sayed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shakeel S, Nawaz H, Majeed MI, Rashid N, Javed MR, Tariq A, Majeed B, Sehar A, Murtaza S, Sadaf N, Rimsha G, Amin I. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis of the centrifugally filtered blood serum samples of the hepatitis C patients. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102949. [PMID: 35661826 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously Raman spectroscopy technique is a use to analyze non-invasive disease related to body fluids. OBJECTIVES For the qualitative and quantitative analysis of HCV serum samples surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based method is developed. METHOD Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique is employed for analysis of filtrate portions of blood serum samples of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients and healthy ones by using 50 kDa centrifugal filter device. The filtrate portions of the serum obtained in this way contain proteins smaller than 50 kDa and removal of bigger size protein which allows to acquire SERS spectral features of smaller proteins more effectively which are probably associated with Hepatitis C infection. Moreover, SERS spectral features of the filtrates of different level of viral load including low, medium and high viral loads are compared with SERS spectral features of the filtrate portions of healthy/control serum samples. SERS spectral data sets of different samples are further analyzed by using multivariate data analysis techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square regression (PLSR). Some SERS spectral features are solely observed in the filtrate portions of the serum samples of hepatitis C and their intensities are increased as the level of viral load increases and might be used for HCV diagnosis. RESULTS PCA was found helpful for differentiation of SERS spectral data sets of filtrate portions of the serum samples of hepatitis C and healthy persons. The PLSR model helped for the quantification of viral loads in the unknown serum samples with 99 % accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samra Shakeel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Irfan Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Nosheen Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Javed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Tariq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Beenish Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Aafia Sehar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sania Murtaza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Sadaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Gull Rimsha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- PCR Laboratory, PINUM Hospital, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Manzoor S, Khalid M, Idrees M. P2X4 receptors mediate induction of antioxidants, fibrogenic cytokines and ECM transcripts; in presence of replicating HCV in in vitro setting: An insight into role of P2X4 in fibrosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0259727. [PMID: 35594248 PMCID: PMC9122194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims
Major HCV infections lead to chronic hepatitis, which results in progressive liver disease including fibrosis, cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). P2X4 and P2X7 are most widely distributed receptors on hepatocytes.
Methods
Full length P2X4 (1.7kb) (Rattus norvegicus) was sub cloned in mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1+. Two stable cell lines 293T/P2X4 (experimental) and 293T/ NV or null vector (control) were established. Both cell lines were inoculated with high viral titers human HCV sera and control human sera. Successfully infected cells harvested on day 5 and day 9 of post infection were used for further studies.
Results
The results revealed a significant increase in gene expression of P2X4 on day 5 and day 9 Post -infection in cells infected with HCV sera compared with cells inoculated with control sera. Quantitative real time PCR analysis revealed that HO-1 was significantly upregulated in presence of P2X4 in HCV infected cells (P2X4/HCV) when compared with control NV/HCV cells. A significant decrease was observed in expression of Cu/ZnSOD in presence of P2X4 in HCV infected cells compared to control NV/HCV cells. However, expression of both antioxidants was observed unaltered in cells harvested on day 9 post infection. Gene expression of angiotensin II significantly increased in HCV infected cells in presence of P2X4 on day 5 and day 9 of post infection when compared with control NV/HCV cells. A significant increase in gene expression of TNF-α and TGF-β was observed in HCV infected cells in presence of P2X4 on day 9 post infection in comparison with control (NV/HCV cells). However, gene expression of adipokine leptin was not affected in both experimental (P2X4/HCV) and control (NV/HCV) groups on day 5 and day 9 of post infection. Extracellular matrix proteins, laminin and elastin genes expression also significantly increased in presence of P2X4 (HCV/P2X4) on day 9 of post-infection compared to control group NV/HCV cells.
Conclusion
In conclusion, these findings constitute the evidence that P2X4 receptors in the presence of HCV play a significant role in the regulation of key antioxidant enzymes (HO-1, Cu/ZnSOD), in the induction of proinflammatory. cytokine (TNF-α), profibrotic cytokine (TGF-β) vasoactive cytokine (angiotensin II). P2X4 also increases the expression of extracellular matrix proteins (laminin and elastin) in the presence of HCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Manzoor
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Madiha Khalid
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lu Y, He P, Zhang Y, Ren Y, Zhang L. The emerging roles of retromer and sorting nexins in the life cycle of viruses. Virol Sin 2022; 37:321-330. [PMID: 35513271 PMCID: PMC9057928 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retromer and sorting nexins (SNXs) transport cargoes from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network or plasma membrane. Recent studies have unveiled the emerging roles for retromer and SNXs in the life cycle of viruses, including members of Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae and Retroviridae. Key components of retromer/SNXs, such as Vps35, Vps26, SNX5 and SNX27, can affect multiple steps of the viral life cycle, including facilitating the entry of viruses into cells, participating in viral replication, and promoting the assembly of virions. Here we present a comprehensive updated review on the interplay between retromer/SNXs and virus, which will shed mechanistic insights into controlling virus infection. Retromer/SNXs could regulate viral infection directly or indirectly. Retromer/SNXs plays an important role for SARS-CoV-2 infection. HPV entry is mediated by retromer/SNXs. Retromer is required for HCV replication. Retromer affects the late step of HIV replication.
Collapse
|
33
|
Xu Y, Xue W, Gao H, Cui J, Zhao L, You C. Association of toll-like receptors single nucleotide polymorphisms with HBV and HCV infection: research status. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13335. [PMID: 35462764 PMCID: PMC9029363 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections have become increasingly severe worldwide and are a threat to public health. There have been a number of studies conducted recently on the relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to innate immune receptor genes such as toll-like receptors (TLRs). Some literature suggests that SNPs of TLRs are associated with HBV and HCV infection. We summarized the role of TLRs gene polymorphisms associated with HBV and HCV infections and explored their possible mechanisms of action. Methodology PubMed and Web of Science were used to perform the literature review. Related articles and references were identified and used to analyze the role of TLRs gene polymorphism in HBV and HCV infection. Results TLRs gene polymorphisms may have beneficial or detrimental effects in HBV and HCV infection, and some SNPs can affect disease progression or prognosis. They affect the disease state by altering gene expression or protein synthesis; however, the mechanism of action is not clearly understood. Conclusions Single nucleotide polymorphisms of TLRs play a role in HBV and HCV infection, but the mechanism of action still needs to be explored in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Xu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wentao Xue
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jiabo Cui
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Chongge You
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li Y, Zhou J, Li T. Regulation of the HBV Entry Receptor NTCP and its Potential in Hepatitis B Treatment. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:879817. [PMID: 35495620 PMCID: PMC9039015 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.879817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a globally prevalent human DNA virus responsible for more than 250 million cases of chronic liver infection, a condition that can lead to liver inflammation, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP), a transmembrane protein highly expressed in human hepatocytes and a mediator of bile acid transport, has been identified as the receptor responsible for the cellular entry of both HBV and its satellite, hepatitis delta virus (HDV). This has led to significant advances in our understanding of the HBV life cycle, especially the early steps of infection. HepG2-NTCP cells and human NTCP-expressing transgenic mice have been employed as the primary cell culture and animal models, respectively, for the study of HBV, and represent valuable approaches for investigating its basic biology and developing treatments for infection. However, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of NTCP transcription, translation, post-translational modification, and transport are still largely elusive. Improvements in our understanding of NTCP biology would likely facilitate the design of new therapeutic drugs for the prevention of the de novo infection of naïve hepatocytes. In this review, we provide critical findings regarding NTCP biology and discuss important questions that remain unanswered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- *Correspondence: Yan Li, ; Tianliang Li,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nakajima K, Yuno M, Tanaka K, Nakamura T. High Aspartate Aminotransferase/Alanine Aminotransferase Ratio May Be Associated with All-Cause Mortality in the Elderly: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Artificial Intelligence and Conventional Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10040674. [PMID: 35455851 PMCID: PMC9029370 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Low serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and high aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/ALT ratio may be associated with high mortality in the elderly. We aimed to confirm this in an 8-year retrospective cohort study. Clinical data for 5958 people living in a city aged 67−104 years were analyzed for their relationships with all-cause mortality using artificial intelligence (AI) and conventional statistical analysis. In total, 1413 (23.7%) participants died during the study. Auto-AI analysis with five rounds of cross-validation showed that AST/ALT ratio was the third-largest contributor to mortality, following age and sex. Serum albumin concentration and body mass index were the fourth- and fifth-largest contributors. However, when serum ALT and AST were individually considered in the same model, the individual serum ALT and AST activities were the seventh- and tenth-largest contributors. Conventional survival analysis showed that ALT, AST, and AST/ALT ratio as continuous variables were all associated with mortality (adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals): 0.98 (0.97−0.99), 1.02 (1.02−1.03), and 1.46 (1.32−1.62), respectively; all p < 0.0001). In conclusion, both AI and conventional analysis suggest that of the conventional biochemical markers, high AST/ALT ratio is most closely associated with all-cause mortality in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nakajima
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, 1-10-1 Heisei-cho, Yokosuka 238-8522, Japan; (M.Y.); (K.T.); (T.N.)
- Saitama Medical Center, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe 350-8550, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-046-828-2660; Fax: +81-046-828-2661
| | - Mariko Yuno
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, 1-10-1 Heisei-cho, Yokosuka 238-8522, Japan; (M.Y.); (K.T.); (T.N.)
| | - Kazumi Tanaka
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, 1-10-1 Heisei-cho, Yokosuka 238-8522, Japan; (M.Y.); (K.T.); (T.N.)
| | - Teiji Nakamura
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, 1-10-1 Heisei-cho, Yokosuka 238-8522, Japan; (M.Y.); (K.T.); (T.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hsu JT, Hsu PI, Shie CB, Chuah SK, Wu IT, Huang WW, Tang SY, Tsai KF, Kuo LF, Ghose S, Hsu JC, Shih CA. Comparison of the Efficacies of Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment for HCV Infection in People Who Inject Drugs and Non-Drug Users. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58030436. [PMID: 35334612 PMCID: PMC8950806 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide. People who inject drugs (PWIDs) constitute the majority of patients with HCV infection in the United States and Central Asia. There are several obstacles to treating HCV infection in PWIDs because PWIDs are often accompanied by concurrent infection, low compliance, substance abuse, and risky behavior. The aim of the study is to compare the efficacies of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for HCV infection in PWIDs and those without opioid injection. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we included 53 PWIDs with HCV infections treated on site in a methadone program and 106 age- and sex-matched patients with HCV infections who had no history of opioid injection (ratio of 1:2). All eligible subjects received anti-HCV treatment by DAA agents in our hospital from March 2018 to December 2020. The charts of these patients were carefully reviewed for demographic data, types of DAA agents, and treatment outcomes. The primary outcome measure was sustained virological response (SVR). Results: PWIDs and non-drug users had different HCV genotype profiles (p = 0.013). The former had higher proportions of genotype 3 (18.9% vs. 7.5%) and genotype 6 (24.5% vs. 14.2%) than the latter. The two patient groups had comparable rates of complete drug refilling (100.0% vs. 91.1%) and frequency of loss to follow-up (3.8% vs. 0.9%). However, PWIDs had a lower SVR rate of DAA treatment than non-drug users (92.2% vs. 99.0%; p = 0.04). Further analysis showed that both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection and history of PWID were risk factors associated with treatment failure. The subjects with coinfection with HIV had lower SVR rates than those without HIV infection (50.0% vs. 96.5%; p = 0.021). Conclusions: PWIDs with HCV infections have higher proportions of HCV genotype 3 and genotype 6 than non-drug users with infections. DAA therapy can achieve a high cure rate (>90%) for HCV infection in PWID, but its efficacy in PWID is lower than that in non-drug users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Ting Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709, Taiwan; (J.-T.H.); (P.-I.H.); (C.-B.S.); (I.-T.W.); (W.-W.H.); (S.-Y.T.); (K.-F.T.); (L.-F.K.)
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Ping-I Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709, Taiwan; (J.-T.H.); (P.-I.H.); (C.-B.S.); (I.-T.W.); (W.-W.H.); (S.-Y.T.); (K.-F.T.); (L.-F.K.)
| | - Chang-Bih Shie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709, Taiwan; (J.-T.H.); (P.-I.H.); (C.-B.S.); (I.-T.W.); (W.-W.H.); (S.-Y.T.); (K.-F.T.); (L.-F.K.)
| | - Seng-Kee Chuah
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - I-Ting Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709, Taiwan; (J.-T.H.); (P.-I.H.); (C.-B.S.); (I.-T.W.); (W.-W.H.); (S.-Y.T.); (K.-F.T.); (L.-F.K.)
| | - Wen-Wei Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709, Taiwan; (J.-T.H.); (P.-I.H.); (C.-B.S.); (I.-T.W.); (W.-W.H.); (S.-Y.T.); (K.-F.T.); (L.-F.K.)
| | - Sheng-Yeh Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709, Taiwan; (J.-T.H.); (P.-I.H.); (C.-B.S.); (I.-T.W.); (W.-W.H.); (S.-Y.T.); (K.-F.T.); (L.-F.K.)
| | - Kun-Feng Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709, Taiwan; (J.-T.H.); (P.-I.H.); (C.-B.S.); (I.-T.W.); (W.-W.H.); (S.-Y.T.); (K.-F.T.); (L.-F.K.)
| | - Li-Fu Kuo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709, Taiwan; (J.-T.H.); (P.-I.H.); (C.-B.S.); (I.-T.W.); (W.-W.H.); (S.-Y.T.); (K.-F.T.); (L.-F.K.)
| | - Supratip Ghose
- Department of Education and Research, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709, Taiwan; (S.G.); (J.-C.H.)
| | - Jui-Che Hsu
- Department of Education and Research, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709, Taiwan; (S.G.); (J.-C.H.)
| | - Chih-An Shih
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Antai Medical Care Corporation, Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung County 928, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung County 912, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-8-8329966
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nangue A, Rendall AD, Tcheugam BK, Simo PSK. Analysis of an initial value problem for an extracellular and intracellular model of hepatitis C virus infection. INT J BIOMATH 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524522500413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a mathematical analysis of the global dynamics of a viral infection model in vivo is carried out. We study the dynamics of a hepatitis C virus (HCV) model, under therapy, that considers both extracellular and intracellular levels of infection. At present, most mathematical modeling of viral kinetics after treatment only addresses the process of infection of a cell by the virus and the release of virions by the cell, while the processes taking place inside the cell are not included. We prove that the solutions of the new model with positive initial values are positive, exist globally in time and are bounded. The model has two virus-free steady states. They are distinguished by the fact that viral RNA is absent inside the cells in the first state and present inside the cells in the second. There are basic reproduction numbers associated to each of these steady states. If the basic reproduction number of the first steady state is less than one, then that state is asymptotically stable. If the basic reproduction number of the first steady state is greater than one and that of the second less than one, then the second steady state is asymptotically stable. If both basic reproduction numbers are greater than one, then we obtain various conclusions which depend on different restrictions on the parameters of the model. Under increasingly strong assumptions, we prove that there is at least one positive steady state (infected equilibrium), that there is a unique positive steady state and that the positive steady state is stable. We also give a condition under which every positive solution converges to a positive steady state. This is proved by methods of Li and Muldowney. Finally, we illustrate the theoretical results by numerical simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Nangue
- Higher Teachers’ Training College of the University of Maroua, P.O. Box 55, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Alan D. Rendall
- Institute for Mathematics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 9, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lanièce Delaunay C, Maheu-Giroux M, Marathe G, Saeed S, Martel-Laferrière V, Cooper CL, Walmsley S, Cox J, Wong A, Klein MB. Gaps in hepatitis C virus prevention and care for HIV-hepatitis C virus co-infected people who inject drugs in Canada. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2022; 103:103627. [PMID: 35218989 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People who inject drugs (PWID) living with HIV are a priority population for eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a public health threat. Maximizing access to HCV prevention and treatment strategies are key steps towards elimination. We aimed to evaluate engagement in harm reduction programs and HCV treatment, and to describe injection practices among HIV-HCV co-infected PWID in Canada from 2003 to 2019. METHODS We included Canadian Coinfection Cohort study participants who reported injecting drugs between 2003 and 2019 in Quebec, Ontario, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia, Canada. We investigated temporal trends in HCV treatment uptake, efficacy, and effectiveness; injection practices; and engagement in harm reduction programs in three time periods based on HCV treatment availability: 1) interferon/ribavirin (2003-2010); 2) first-generation direct acting antivirals (DAAs) (2011-2013); 3) second-generation DAAs (2014-2019). Harm reduction services assessed included needle and syringe programs (NSP), opioid agonist therapy (OAT), and supervised injection sites (SIS). RESULTS Median age of participants (N = 1,077) at cohort entry was 44 years; 69% were males. Province-specific HCV treatment rates increased among HCV RNA-positive PWID, reaching 16 to 31 per 100 person-years in 2014-2019. Treatment efficacy improved from a 50 to 70% range in 2003-2010 to >90% across provinces in 2014-2019. Drug injecting patterns among active PWID varied by province, with an overall decrease in cocaine injection frequency and increasing opioid injections. In the most recent time period (2014-2019), needle/syringe sharing was reported at 8-22% of visits. Gaps remained in engagement in harm reduction programs: NSP use decreased (58-70% of visits), OAT engagement among opioid users was low (8-26% of visits), and participants rarely used SIS (1-15% of visits). CONCLUSION HCV treatment uptake and outcomes have improved among HIV-HCV coinfected PWID. Yet, this population remains exposed to drug-related harms, highlighting the need to tie HCV elimination strategies with enhanced harm reduction programs to improve overall health for this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lanièce Delaunay
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1020 Avenue des Pins Ouest, H3A 1A2, Montreal QC, Canada; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 5252 Boulevard de Maisonneuve Ouest, H4A 3S5, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Maheu-Giroux
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1020 Avenue des Pins Ouest, H3A 1A2, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - Gayatri Marathe
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1020 Avenue des Pins Ouest, H3A 1A2, Montreal QC, Canada; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 5252 Boulevard de Maisonneuve Ouest, H4A 3S5, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - Sahar Saeed
- Institute for Public Health, Washington University, 600 S Taylor Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Valérie Martel-Laferrière
- Département de Médecine Spécialisée et de Médecine des Laboratoires, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal, 264 Boulevard René-Lévesque Est, H2×1P1, Montreal QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal, 900 Rue Saint-Denis, H2×0A9, Montreal QC, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Maladies Infectieuses, et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Monpetit, H3T 1J4, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - Curtis L Cooper
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 725 Parkdale Avenue, K1Y 4E9, Ottawa ON, Canada
| | - Sharon Walmsley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, M5S 3H2, Toronto ON, Canada; University Health Network, University of Toronto, 190 Elizabeth Street, M5G 2C4, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Cox
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1020 Avenue des Pins Ouest, H3A 1A2, Montreal QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, H4A 3J1, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - Alexander Wong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, S7N 5E5, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Marina B Klein
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1020 Avenue des Pins Ouest, H3A 1A2, Montreal QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, H4A 3J1, Montreal QC, Canada; Canadian HIV Trials Network, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, 588-1081 Burrard Street, V6Z 1Y6, Vancouver BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ullah S, Ali S, Daud M, Paudyal V, Hayat K, Hamid SM, Ur-rehman T. Illness perception about hepatitis C virus infection: a cross-sectional study from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:74. [PMID: 35062889 PMCID: PMC8783479 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a debilitating chronic health problem and can be fatal if left untreated. Illness perceptions are self-manifested beliefs that influence the ability of individuals to cope with their disease and perceive it as manageable or threatening condition. Limited evidence is available from low resource settings regarding patient perception about HCV. In this study, we aimed to assess the perception of individuals with HCV, the impact of their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics on their HCV perception, and its link to patient-oriented treatment outcomes. Methods A cross-sectional survey was undertaken enrolling individuals with HCV who attended Hepatitis C clinics at two hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Illness perception was measured using Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ). Descriptive statistics, Kruskal Wallis tests and Mann Whitney U tests were performed to study patient sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and to analyze the questionnaire results. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess determinants associated with perception scores. Results Participants represented poor HCV perception and their overall mean BIPQ score was 43.35, SD = 13.15. Participants had a low degree of understanding about their illness (mean coherence score = 2.92, SD = 1.85). Individuals with more than four years, compared to less than one year, of estimated HCV infection were more likely to view that their illness would continue (mean timeline score = 6.27, SD = 2.50 versus 5.36, SD = 2.53; respectively, p < 0.01). Similarly, individuals with hepatic cirrhosis, compared to without, were more likely to attribute symptoms to their disease (mean identity score = 5.48, SD = 2.14 versus 4.89, SD = 2.38; respectively, p = 0.04). Female participants reported higher degrees at which the illness affected them emotionally (i.e., emotional representation) and lower coherence about HCV than males (p = 0.04 and 0.006, respectively). Individuals who did not achieve sustained virological response 24 weeks after treatment with interferon-based therapy, compared to treatment naïve individuals, reported lower trust in being successfully treated with newer anti-HCV agents (i.e., direct acting antivirals) (p = 0.029). However, multivariable linear regression revealed that no sociodemographic or clinical determinants were associated with a higher BIPQ score (i.e., more threatening, or negative perceptions). Conclusion Individuals with HCV in Pakistan generally report threatening or negative views about HCV infection. Lack of trust in treatment efficacy was also apparent, especially in those who experienced failed anti-HCV treatments in the past. Healthcare professionals should consider these perceptions when treating individuals with HCV to optimize their compliance by aligning their perception with the high effectiveness of current anti-HCV therapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07055-5.
Collapse
|
40
|
AYDIN Ö, ERGEN P, ERBAKAN AN, ALIŞIR EJDER S. Overview of blood-borne viral infections in hemodialysis patients: hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus infections. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.991215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
41
|
Abstract
In the 1970s, an unknown virus was suspected for documented cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis, a phenomenon called non-A, non-B hepatitis. In 1989, the infectious transmissible agent was identified and named hepatitis C virus (HCV) and, soon enough, the first diagnostic HCV antibody test was developed, which led to a dramatic decrease in new infections. Today, HCV infection remains a global health burden and a major cause of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation. However, tremendous advances have been made over the decades, and HCV became the first curable, chronic viral infection. The introduction of direct antiviral agents revolutionized antiviral treatment, leading to viral eradication in more than 98% of all patients infected with HCV. This Perspective discusses the history of HCV research, which reads like a role model for successful translational research: starting from a clinical observation, specific therapeutic agents were developed, which finally were implemented in national and global elimination programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Manns
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benjamin Maasoumy
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tran DN, Zhdanko A, Barroso S, Nieste P, Rahmani R, Holan J, Hoefnagels R, Reniers P, Vermoortele F, Duguid S, Cazanave L, Figlus M, Muir C, Elliott A, Zhao P, Paden W, Diaz CH, Bell SJ, Hashimoto A, Phadke A, Wiles JA, Vogels I, Farina V. Development of a Commercial Process for Odalasvir. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duc N. Tran
- Chemical Process R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Santiago Barroso
- Chemical Process R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Patrick Nieste
- Chemical Process R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ramdane Rahmani
- Chemical Process R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jan Holan
- Chemical Process R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Roel Hoefnagels
- Chemical Process R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Peter Reniers
- Chemical Process R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Stewart Duguid
- Department of Process Development, Almac Sciences, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
| | - Lionel Cazanave
- Department of Process Development, Almac Sciences, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
| | - Marek Figlus
- Department of Process Development, Almac Sciences, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Muir
- Department of Process Development, Almac Sciences, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Elliott
- Department of Process Development, Almac Sciences, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
| | - Peichao Zhao
- Department of Process Development, Almac Sciences, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
| | - Warren Paden
- Department of Process Development, Almac Sciences, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Hernandez Diaz
- Department of Process Development, Almac Sciences, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Bell
- Department of Process Development, Almac Sciences, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
| | - Akihiro Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Avinash Phadke
- Department of Chemistry, Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Jason A. Wiles
- Department of Chemistry, Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Ilse Vogels
- Chemical Process R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Vittorio Farina
- Chemical Process R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ortiz-Paredes D, Amoako A, Lessard D, Engler K, Lebouché B, Klein MB. Barriers and facilitators related to HCV treatment uptake among HIV coinfected populations in Canada: Patients and treatment provider perceptions. CANADIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021; 5:124-143. [DOI: 10.3138/canlivj-2021-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) uptake is challenging across HIV-hepatitis C (HCV) coinfected populations. This study sought to identify barriers and facilitators related to DAA uptake in priority populations in Canada. METHODS: This qualitative descriptive study included 11 people living with HIV with a history of HCV and 15 HCV care providers. Participants were part of either nominal groups (n = 4) or individual interviews (n = 6) in which they identified and ranked barriers and facilitators to DAA uptake. Consolidated lists of barriers and facilitators were identified thematically. RESULTS: Patient participants highly ranked the following barriers: competing priorities and needs (i.e., social instability and mental health), delays in care, lack of adherence, and polypharmacy. Provider participant top barriers were the following: competing priorities and needs (i.e., social chaos), delays in care (e.g., systemic barriers, difficulties engaging patients, lack of trained HCV providers), and HCV-related stigma. Patient participants identified having a strong network of health care providers, family, and friends, possessing intrinsic motivation, and DAAs being a simple and tolerable oral treatment as important facilitators. Provider participant top-ranked facilitators were having resources to identify hard-to-reach populations (e.g., patient navigation, outreach), holistic care and addiction management, provider HCV education, and a strong network of interprofessional collaboration. CONCLUSION: The barriers to DAA initiation addressed by patients and providers overlapped, with some nuances. Multidisciplinary care fostering a strong supportive network and intrinsically motivated patients along with HCV education emerged as key facilitators. This study provides insights for developing potential strategies to improve DAA uptake among HIV-HCV coinfected people in Canada.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Ortiz-Paredes
- Centre for Outcome Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Afia Amoako
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Lessard
- Centre for Outcome Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kim Engler
- Centre for Outcome Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bertrand Lebouché
- Centre for Outcome Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases/Chronic Viral Illness Service, Glen site, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marina B. Klein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases/Chronic Viral Illness Service, Glen site, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Su F, Zou M, Wu H, Xiao F, Sun Y, Zhang C, Gao W, Zhao F, Fan X, Yan X, Wu G. Sensitive detection of hepatitis C virus using a catalytic hairpin assembly coupled with a lateral flow immunoassay test strip. Talanta 2021; 239:123122. [PMID: 34890941 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, PCR is the gold standard for the detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, the PCR technique is complicated and time-consuming, which prevents its application and, clinical point-of-care testing (POCT). Herein, we report a POCT method with simplicity, high sensitivity and specificity, which consists of a catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) signal amplification system coupled with a lateral flow immunochromatographic (LFIA) test strip for the detection of HCV. Two ingeniously designed hairpin probes were hybridized to form the H1-H2 duplex in the presence of the target DNA. The catalytic hairpin assembly which was characterized of isothermal and enzyme-free, was accomplished within 40 min and the reaction was then applied to a LFIA test strip. Only the H1-H2 duplex labeled with both digoxin and biotin could be captured by the test strip, and the fluorescence value was determined. In addition, we evaluated the application potential for the detection of clinical samples. The reported method demonstrated high sensitivity with a detectable minimum concentration at 1 fM and showed a good linear range from 10 nM to 10pM, and high specificity for various mismatched sequences. The results demonstrated that clinically positive samples could be successfully detected. In conclusion, the reported method is simple, rapid, and free of large-scale equipment. POCT is expected to be useful for HCV detection in clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feiya Su
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Zou
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Huina Wu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengfeng Zhao
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China; Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Fan
- Diagnostics Department, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Yan
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiu Wu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China; Diagnostics Department, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Felsher M, Tobin KE, Sulkowski M, Latkin C, Falade-Nwulia O. HCV communication within ego-centric networks of men and women who inject drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 229:109157. [PMID: 34740020 PMCID: PMC8665146 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leveraging interpersonal communication among social networks of people who inject drugs (PWID) may be an innovative strategy to increase awareness and access to hepatitis C (HCV) care. However, little is known about HCV communication patterns among PWID and if these patterns vary by gender. METHODS Egocentric network data collected at baseline from HCV-infected PWID enrolled in a randomized HCV treatment intervention trial in Baltimore, Maryland were analyzed. Logistic generalized estimating models were conducted to identify predictors of HCV communication. RESULTS Among 227 PWID, the mean age was 43.8 (SD=10.3), 28.2% (n = 64) were women and 71.8% (n = 163) were men. Female participants reported 516 dyadic relationships and male participants 1139 dyadic relationships. While there were significant gender differences based on socio-demographics, risk behavior and network composition, there were few differences in HCV communication patterns. Both men and women had increased odds of HCV communication with alters who are currently enrolled in drug treatment (AOR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3-2.4), alters with whom participants share drug preparation equipment (AOR 3.0, 95% CI: 1.9-4.6), alters who are sex partners compared to kin (AOR 3.0; 95% CI: 1.9-4.9) and alters with whom respondents have increased trust (AOR 1.1; 95% CI: 1.11.2) and daily/weekly interactions (AOR 1.7; 95% CI 1.3-2.1). CONCLUSION PWID engaged with trusted alters about HCV disclosure and information, highlighting the important role network interventions could play in this vulnerable population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Felsher
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, 5200 Eastern Avenue, MFL Center Tower, Suite 381, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Karin E Tobin
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mark Sulkowski
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, 5200 Eastern Avenue, MFL Center Tower, Suite 381, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Carl Latkin
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Oluwaseun Falade-Nwulia
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, 5200 Eastern Avenue, MFL Center Tower, Suite 381, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Updating the Signal-to-cutoff Level to Reduce Anti-hepatitis C Virus False Positivity. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.119110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) is the only screening test being used in the diagnosis of hepatitis C. In this study, we examined anti-HCV positivity rates in our hospital. Objectives: The aim of administering the anti-HCV test was to distinguish patients with hepatitis C infection from false positivity in patients with reactive results. Methods: The anti-HCV tests were performed at Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2019. The patients were evaluated retrospectively in terms of age, gender, anti-HCV titer, the clinic for which the examination was requested, the reason for the examination, and the history of hepatitis C. Results: In this study, 511 patients who had two negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results were evaluated as false positive cases and enrolled. The cut-off value was found to be 7.5 IU/ml, with the highest sensitivity of 94.4% and specificity of 94.5% (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.982). The lowest anti-HCV titer (5.2) was from patients without acute hepatitis, who were HCV-RNA positive and diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C. Conclusions: It may be more appropriate to report anti-HCV cut-off value of 0 - 5 as negative, 5 - 7.5 as borderline, and > 7.5 as positive. Working with a more acceptable cut-off level with a greater number of tests can help identify patients with asymptomatic HCV infection. Also, it can possibly reduce the cost due to a decrease in the number of PCR tests administered.
Collapse
|
47
|
Ross PE, Young JR, O'Connor CM, Anoushiravani AA, DiCaprio MR. Perioperative Management of Hepatitis C in Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty. JBJS Rev 2021; 9:01874474-202111000-00004. [PMID: 34757978 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.20.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
» A small yet growing subset of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) candidates are diagnosed with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is a known risk factor for periprosthetic joint infections. Given the poor outcomes associated with TJA infection, we recommend that candidates with HCV receive treatment prior to elective TJA. » Interferon and ribavirin have historically been the standard treatment regimen for the management of HCV; however, adverse events and an inconsistent viral response have limited the efficacy of these therapies. The advent of direct-acting antivirals has resolved many of the issues associated with interferon and ribavirin regimens. » Despite the success of direct-acting antivirals, there are still barriers to seeking treatment for TJA candidates with HCV. Many patients are faced with financial burdens, as insurance coverage of direct-acting antiviral therapies is inconsistent and varies by the patient's state of residence and specific treatment regimen. » TJA candidates with HCV present health-care providers with a unique set of challenges, often encompassing economic, psychosocial, and complex medical concerns. Multidisciplinary care teams can be beneficial when caring for and optimizing this patient cohort. » Management of HCV prior to elective TJA is associated with higher up-front costs but ultimately reduces long-term patient morbidity as well as associated direct and indirect health-care expenditures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip E Ross
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kpossou AR, Kouwakanou B, Sokpon CNDM, Alassane KS, Bankolé MM, Ahouada C, Vignon RK, Zoundjiekpon V, Sourokou F, Séhonou J, Kodjoh N. [Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and associated factors based on voluntary screening data collection in the general population in Benin in 2016]. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 40:30. [PMID: 34733398 PMCID: PMC8531966 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.40.30.28775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction l´hépatite C est un problème de santé publique dans le monde, et plus particulièrement en Afrique subsaharienne. L´objectif de ce travail était de déterminer la séroprévalence des anticorps anti-virus de l´hépatite C ainsi que les facteurs associés, à l´occasion d´un dépistage volontaire en population générale au Bénin. Méthodes il s´agissait d´une étude transversale descriptive et analytique qui s´était déroulée en juillet 2016 dans 4 grandes villes de 4 différents départements du Bénin. Etaient inclus tous les volontaires résidents dans ces villes ciblées, de tous âges, ayant donné leur consentement éclairé. Pour cette recherche, le test de diagnostic rapide HCV ImuMed (Healgen Scientific LLC, USA) avait été utilisé. Une analyse par régression logistique avait été utilisée afin d´identifier les facteurs associés à l´infection par le virus de l´hépatite C. Résultats au total, 2809 volontaires étaient inclus avec une moyenne d´âge de 25,9± 16,5 ans (les extrêmes: 0 et 86 ans), constitués de 53,9% (1514/2809) d´hommes et de 46,1% (1295/2809) de femmes. Plus de la moitié de la population d´étude était constituée de célibataires 59,1% (1612/2726). Il s´agissait principalement de 41,3% (1074/2809) d´élèves ou étudiants. La séroprévalence du VHC était de 1,5% (42/2809). En analyse multivariée, les variables significativement associées au portage des anti-VHC étaient: l´âge de 60 ans et plus (aOR: 46,9, IC 95% 10,2-216,0; p < 0,0001) et l´antécédent d´alcoolisme (aOR: 6,3, IC 95% 3,3-12,1; p < 0,0001). Conclusion la séroprévalence des anticorps anti-VHC était de 1,5% dans la population étudiée. L´infection par le VHC touchait volontiers les sujets âgés (de 60 ans et plus) et ceux ayant un antécédent d´alcoolisme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aboudou Raïmi Kpossou
- Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Benoît Kouwakanou
- Service d´Hépato-gastroentérologie, CHU Mohammed VI de Marrakech, Marrakech, Maroc
| | - Comlan N Déhougbèa Martin Sokpon
- Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Khadidjatou Saké Alassane
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental Borgou-Alibori, Parakou, Bénin
| | - Marc Moboladji Bankolé
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Pharmacie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d´Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Carin Ahouada
- Service de Médecine, Hôpital de Zone d´Allada, Allada, Bénin
| | - Rodolph Koffi Vignon
- Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Vincent Zoundjiekpon
- Service d´Hépato-gastroentérologie et Gériatrie, Hôpital Universitaire d´Olomouc, Olomouc, République Tchèque
| | - Fadel Sourokou
- Clinique Internationale de Cotonou Aupiais, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Jean Séhonou
- Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Nicolas Kodjoh
- Programme National de Lutte contre l´Hépatite, Ministère de la Santé, Cotonou, Bénin
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yaraş S, Sezgin O, Üçbilek E, Özdoğan O, Altıntaş E. Significant decrease in liver stiffness detected by two dimensional shear-wave elastography after treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents in patients with chronic Hepatitis C. TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021; 31:142-147. [PMID: 32141823 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2020.19418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Two-dimensional shear-wave (2D-SWE) elastography is one of the noninvasive methods for the evaluation of liver fibrosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in liver stiffness (LS) by employing 2D-SWE as well as its correlation with noninvasive fibrosis markers in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), who are undergoing direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The researchers included all the patients with CHC who are scheduled for DAA treatment in this study. 2D-SWE measurements were performed at baseline, end of treatment (EOT), and 12 weeks after the treatment. According to the latest EFSUMB guidelines, elastography measurements were performed during the ultrasonographic evaluation and recorded in kilopascals (unit). The correlation between biochemical and viral responses, and noninvasive fibrosis scores (FIB-4, AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI)) was also evaluated. RESULTS This study employed 230 patients who underwent treatment with DAAs between September 2016 and September 2017. However, 131 patients were able to complete the study, of which 48 (36.6%) were male and 83 (63.4%) were female. The mean age was 65.0 (±11.18) years. Both EOT and sustained viral response (SVR) had the same rate of 99.2% (130/131). The SWE measurement (mean) values at pretreatment, EOT, and 12 weeks after treatment was 12.92, 10.45, and 9.07 kPa, respectively (p<0.05), whereas the APRI scores were 0.76, 0.39, and 0.30, respectively (p<0.05). Additionally, the FIB-4 scores at pretreatment, EOT, and 12 weeks after treatment were 2.98, 2.43, and 2.03, respectively (p<0.05). The results of liver stiffness measurements (LSM) were similar in all the groups of cirrhotic, noncirrhotic, treatment-experienced, and treatment-naive patients. CONCLUSION DAA treatments in the patients with CHC led to almost a complete SVR and a considerable decrease in LS in a short time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Yaraş
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Orhan Sezgin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Enver Üçbilek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Osman Özdoğan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Engin Altıntaş
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jindal N, Goyal LD, Singh C. Sociodemographic features associated with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in pregnant females: A tertiary care centre study from Malwa region of Punjab (North India). J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:2679-2683. [PMID: 34568154 PMCID: PMC8415663 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2372_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is high in state of Punjab, however very few studies have been done till date. We all know that pregnant females are a most important section of our community and are usually screened for HCV, HIV, and Hepatitis B at time of presentation. HCV is capable of causing chronic infections and having long-term implications on a person's health. Vertical transmission of HCV can be one of the major route of transmission of this virus to the neonate and there have been various sociodemographic factors like age, literacy, socioeconomic status, occupational status, associated with the disease causation and transmission. Methods All pregnant females attending Obstetrics and gynecology department of our institute were included in study. All the sociodemographic characters and socioeconomic records were retrieved and analyzed. Results In our study also a lower socioeconomic status, illiteracy have been significantly associated with the HCV-positive group, thus emphasizing the role of education so as to impart education to the masses as regard to mode of transmission and its effects on the disease. Higher age of conceiving is also significant associated with the increased maternal risk. Conclusions The more involvement of health care officials and even persons not related to health care set up is required who can educate masses so as to protect the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neerja Jindal
- Department of Microbiology, GGS Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Lajya D Goyal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AIIMS, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Charu Singh
- Department of Microbiology, IMS BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|