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Li H, Pinette M, Smith G, Goolia M, Handel K, Nebroski M, Lung O, Pickering BS. Distinguishing host responses, extensive viral dissemination and long-term viral RNA persistence in domestic sheep experimentally infected with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus Kosovo Hoti. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2302103. [PMID: 38189080 PMCID: PMC10810640 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2302103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne, risk group 4 pathogen that often causes a severe haemorrhagic disease in humans (CCHF) with high case fatality rates. The virus is believed to be maintained in a tick-vertebrate-tick ecological cycle involving numerous wild and domestic animal species; however the biology of CCHFV infection in these animals remains poorly understood. Here, we experimentally infect domestic sheep with CCHFV Kosovo Hoti, a clinical isolate representing high pathogenicity to humans and increasingly utilized in current research. In the absence of prominent clinical signs, the infection leads to an acute viremia and coinciding viral shedding, fever and markers for potential impairment in liver and kidney functions. A number of host responses distinguish the subclinical infection in sheep versus fatal infection in humans. These include an early reduction of neutrophil recruitment and its chemoattractant, IL-8, in the blood stream of infected sheep, whereas neutrophil infiltration and elevated IL-8 are features of fatal CCHFV infections reported in immunodeficient mice and humans. Several inflammatory cytokines that correlate with poor disease outcomes in humans and have potential to cause vascular dysfunction, a primary hallmark of severe CCHF, are down-regulated or restricted from increasing in sheep. Of particular interest, the detection of CCHFV RNA (including full-length genome) in a variety of sheep tissues long after the acute phase of infection indicates a widespread viral dissemination in the host and suggests a potentially long-term persisting impact of CCHFV infection. These findings reveal previously unrecognized aspects of CCHFV biology in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhao Li
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Mathieu Pinette
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Greg Smith
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Melissa Goolia
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Katherine Handel
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michelle Nebroski
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Oliver Lung
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Bradley S. Pickering
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Wulandari S, Nyampong S, Lokupathirage SMW, Yoshimatsu K, Shimoda H, Hayasaka D. Development of an entirely cloned cDNA-based reverse genetics system for Tofla virus of orthonairovirus. Virology 2024; 598:110170. [PMID: 39003987 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The genus Orthonairovirus includes highly pathogenic tick-borne viruses such as the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV). A reverse genetics system is an indispensable tool for determining the viral factors related to pathogenicity. Tofla orthonairovirus (TFLV) is a recently identified virus isolated from ticks in Japan and our research has suggested that TFLV is a useful model for studying pathogenic orthonairoviruses. In this study, we successfully established a reverse genetics system for TFLV using T7 RNA polymerase. Recombinant TFLV was generated by transfecting cloned complementary DNAs encoding the TFLV genome into BSR T7/5 cells expressing T7 RNA polymerase. We were able to rescue infectious recombinant TFLV mutant (rTFLVmt) and wild-type TFLV (rTFLVpt) viruses, which exhibited indistinguishable growth kinetics in mammalian cells and pathogenicity in A129 mice compared with the authentic virus. Our approach provides a valuable method for establishing reverse genetics system for orthonairoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Wulandari
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan; Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Samuel Nyampong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan
| | | | - Kumiko Yoshimatsu
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hayasaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan.
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Arslan M, Comoglu S. Evaluation of epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and treatment characteristics of Crimen Congo hemorrhagic fever patients: Results of a 10-year analysis. North Clin Istanb 2024; 11:177-183. [PMID: 39005753 PMCID: PMC11237834 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2023.09815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral zoonosis transmitted by ticks and may have an acute and severe course with fever, bleeding, muscle aches, headache, diarrhea, weakness, and similar non-specific symptoms. This study aimed to determine the distribution of CCHF cases in Amasya province, which is endemic for this disease, according to districts, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and treatment characteristics. METHODS The characteristics of 88 CCHF cases over 18 who were admitted to our clinic and treated between January 2013 and January 2023 were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic data such as age, gender, occupation, district of residence, history of tick contact, the incubation period of the disease, period of development of the disease (months, years), length of hospital stay, symptoms, physical examination and laboratory findings, blood product replacement therapies applied, recovery and mortality status of the patients were reached by scanning the patient files. RESULTS The mean age (±standard deviation) of 88 cases was 48±18 years, and 53 (60.2%) were male. Of the patients, 68 (77.3%) were engaged in farming and animal husbandry, and 79 (89.7%) lived in villages and hamlets. Tasova district had the highest frequency of cases, with 29 (32.9%) patients. June was the most common month for the disease, with 31 (35.2%) cases. The most common symptom on admission was fatigue, with a rate of 93%. Other symptoms included myalgia and arthralgia (83.2%), fever (65%), headache (64.4%), nausea-vomiting (43.5%), conjunctival hyperemia (35.2%), and diarrhea (21.7%). In clinical follow-up, bleeding was missed in 15 (17.04%) patients. On admission to the hospital, there were elevated levels of thrombocytopenia (92%), leukopenia (84.1%), aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (86.3%), creatinine phosphokinase (71.6%), and lactate dehydrogenase (76.1%). None of the patients were given ribavirin treatment. Our mortality rate was 3.40% with three patients. CONCLUSION Amasya is an endemic area for CCHF with all its districts. In our province's spring and summer months, tick contact history and the farming-livestock profession should be questioned in patients with fever complaints in clinic admissions, especially emergency services. In the case of the detection of thrombocytopenia in these patients, CCHF should be kept in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Amasya Sabuncuoglu Serefeddin Training and Research Hospital, Amasya, Turkiye
| | - Senol Comoglu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye
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Ndiaye M, Badji A, Dieng I, Dolgova AS, Mhamadi M, Kirichenko AD, Gladkikh AS, Gaye A, Faye O, Sall AA, Diallo M, Dedkov VG, Faye O. Molecular Detection and Genetic Characterization of Two Dugbe Orthonairovirus Isolates Detected from Ticks in Southern Senegal. Viruses 2024; 16:964. [PMID: 38932256 PMCID: PMC11209035 DOI: 10.3390/v16060964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dugbe virus (DUGV) is a tick-borne arbovirus first isolated in Nigeria in 1964. It has been detected in many African countries using such diverse methods as serological tests, virus isolation, and molecular detection. In Senegal, reports of DUGV isolates mainly occurred in the 1970s and 1980s. Here, we report a contemporary detection of three novel DUGV isolates upon screening of a total of 2877 individual ticks regrouped into 844 pools. The three positive pools were identified as Amblyomma variegatum, the main known vector of DUGV, collected in the southern part of the country (Kolda region). Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis indicates that the newly sequenced isolates are globally related to the previously characterized isolates in West Africa, thus highlighting potentially endemic, unnoticed viral transmission. This study was also an opportunity to develop a rapid and affordable protocol for full-genome sequencing of DUGV using nanopore technology. The results suggest a relatively low mutation rate and relatively conservative evolution of DUGV isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mignane Ndiaye
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar 12000, Senegal
| | - Aminata Badji
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar 12000, Senegal
| | - Idrissa Dieng
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar 12000, Senegal
| | - Anna S. Dolgova
- St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Moufid Mhamadi
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar 12000, Senegal
| | - Anastasiia D. Kirichenko
- St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna S. Gladkikh
- St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alioune Gaye
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar 12000, Senegal
| | - Ousmane Faye
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar 12000, Senegal
| | - Amadou Alpha Sall
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar 12000, Senegal
| | - Mawlouth Diallo
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar 12000, Senegal
| | - Vladimir G. Dedkov
- St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oumar Faye
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar 12000, Senegal
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Kayali Akyol A, Ataus A, Gülhan B, Kanik Yüksek S. Pancreatitis as a Complication of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in a Child. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024:00006454-990000000-00893. [PMID: 38865579 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Kayali Akyol
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Science, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aybars Ataus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Science, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belgin Gülhan
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Health Science, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saliha Kanik Yüksek
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Health Science, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Çaydaşı Ö, Arslan E, Adıyeke E, Kuzan TY, Karadağ FY, Engin DÖ. A case of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever complicated with portal vein thrombosis and hemophagocytosis. Trop Med Int Health 2024; 29:536-539. [PMID: 38622770 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic viral infection which is an important public health problem in Turkey. CCHF causes fever and bleeding and can lead to severe health outcomes. The study aims to report a case of a male patient with severe CCHF, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) treated with steroids and portal vein thrombosis. CASE REPORT A 37-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with complaints of high fever, headache, myalgia and diarrhoea. The patient travelled to the endemic region of Turkey. In laboratory findings, thrombocytopenia, abnormal liver function tests and elevated coagulation parameters were observed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was used for diagnosis of CCHF. Hypofibrinogenemia, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated ferritin and d-dimer levels were observed in the clinical follow-up. Prednisolone treatment was performed due to considered the diagnosis of HLH. Portal vein thrombosis was detected on abdominal computed tomography scan. He was successfully treated with ribavirin, corticosteroids, anticoagulant and supportive therapy. CONCLUSION The clinical presentation of CCHF can range from self-limiting flu-like to severe symptoms possibly fatal. Acute portal vein embolism is a rare complication that has not been reported before to our knowledge. Corticosteroids may be a life-saving treatment for CCHF patients presenting with HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Çaydaşı
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sancaktepe Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eyüp Arslan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sancaktepe Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Adıyeke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Sancaktepe Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taha Yusuf Kuzan
- Department of Radiology, Sancaktepe Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yılmaz Karadağ
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sancaktepe Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Öztürk Engin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sancaktepe Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Tahir I, Motwani J, Moiz MA, Kumar V, Shah HH, Hussain MS, Tahir HM, Haque MA. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreak affecting healthcare workers in Pakistan: an urgent rising concern. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:3201-3203. [PMID: 38846901 PMCID: PMC11152863 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Tahir
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College
| | - Jatin Motwani
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College
| | - Muhammad A. Moiz
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College
| | - Hussain H. Shah
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S. Hussain
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Haya M. Tahir
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College
| | - Md Ariful Haque
- Department of Public Health, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology
- Voice of Doctors Research School, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
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Jannath S, Islam MR. The current pathogenicity and potential risk evaluation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus to cause mysterious "Disease X"-An updated literature review. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2209. [PMID: 38915357 PMCID: PMC11194469 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe and potentially lethal illness. Tick bites of the Hyalomma genus are the primary source of transmission of CCHF to humans. The virus responsible for CCHF is the CCHF virus (CCHFV). It is a single-stranded negative sensed RNA virus. The virus belongs to the Orthonairoviridae genus within the Nairoviridae family. It occurs in an extensive geographical area spanning the Middle East, western China, southern Asia, southeastern Europe, and much of Africa. The current study aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity and potential risk of CCHFV to cause a public health emergency of international concern. Methods We searched updated relevant information from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases using Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, tick-borne virus, and Nairovirus as keywords. Results The case fatality rate (CFR) varies by region. It can be more than 30% in some cases. Three segments in the genome of CCHFV (L, M, and S) are different in size and function. It is unknown whether the pathogenicity of CCHFV varied based on the genomic diversity. CCHFV can be transmitted through tick bites, handling of infected ticks, contact with infected humans, contaminated body fluids, and so on. A wide range of severity is associated with CCHF, ranging from a moderate fever with no apparent cause to increased vascular permeability, failure of several organs, bleeding, and shock. Hospitals with high-level isolation units should be the first choice for treating CCHF patients. Individual safety equipment is crucial in healthcare to prevent the spread of the virus. In the farm environment, using integrated pest management techniques, minimizing activity in tick-infested regions, and dressing appropriately in long sleeves and pants will help to reduce the risk of CCHFV infection via tick bites. Conclusion There are no approved vaccinations or therapeutics for CCHF except supportive therapeutic approaches. Therefore, scientists recommend early ribavirin therapy for cases of high-risk exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjida Jannath
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificFarmgateBangladesh
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Deézsi-Magyar N, Dénes B, Novák B, Zsidei G, Déri D, Henczkó J, Pályi B, Kis Z. First Broad-Range Serological Survey of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever among Hungarian Livestock. Viruses 2024; 16:875. [PMID: 38932166 PMCID: PMC11209279 DOI: 10.3390/v16060875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an emerging tick-borne disease endemic in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and the Balkan and Mediterranean regions of Europe. Although no human CCHF cases have been reported, based on vector presence, serological evidence among small vertebrates, and the general human population, Hungary lies within high evidence consensus for potential CCHF introduction and future human infection. Thus, the aim of our pilot serosurvey was to assess CCHF seropositivity among cattle and sheep as indicator animals for virus circulation in the country. (2) Methods: In total, 1905 serum samples taken from free-range cattle and sheep in 2017 were tested for the presence of anti-CCHF virus IgG antibodies using commercial ELISA and commercial and in-house immunofluorescent assays. (3) Results: We found a total of eleven reactive samples (0.58%) from five administrative districts of Hungary comprising 8 cattle and 3 sheep. The most affected regions were the south-central and northwestern parts of the country. (4) Conclusions: Based on these results, more extended surveillance is advised, especially in the affected areas, and there should be greater awareness among clinicians and other high-risk populations of the emerging threat of CCHF in Hungary and Central Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Deézsi-Magyar
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, 1097 Budapest, Hungary (B.N.); (D.D.)
- School of PhD Studies, Semmelweis University, 1091 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Dénes
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1143 Budapest, Hungary;
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, 1024 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bereniké Novák
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, 1097 Budapest, Hungary (B.N.); (D.D.)
| | - Gyula Zsidei
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, 1097 Budapest, Hungary (B.N.); (D.D.)
| | - Dániel Déri
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, 1097 Budapest, Hungary (B.N.); (D.D.)
| | - Judit Henczkó
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, 1097 Budapest, Hungary (B.N.); (D.D.)
- School of PhD Studies, Semmelweis University, 1091 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Pályi
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, 1097 Budapest, Hungary (B.N.); (D.D.)
- European Research Infrastructure on Highly Pathogenic Agents (ERINHA-AISBL), B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zoltán Kis
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, 1097 Budapest, Hungary (B.N.); (D.D.)
- European Research Infrastructure on Highly Pathogenic Agents (ERINHA-AISBL), B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
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Wang D, Wang K, Liu Q, Liu M, Zhang G, Feng K, Wang K, Ding X, Zhu H, Yang S, Liu Y, Li T, Gong P, Wang M, Wang PG, Jin H, Zhao W, Yu F. A Novel Drug Candidate for Sepsis Targeting Heparanase by Inhibiting Cytokine Storm. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403337. [PMID: 38810101 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is an infection-triggered, rapidly progressive systemic inflammatory syndrome with a high mortality rate. Currently, there are no promising therapeutic strategies for managing this disease in the clinic. Heparanase plays a crucial role in the pathology of sepsis, and its inhibition can significantly relieve related symptoms. Here, a novel heparanase inhibitor CV122 is rationally designed and synthesized, and its therapeutic potential for sepsis with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Cecal Ligation and Puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis mouse models are evaluated. It is found that CV122 potently inhibits heparanase activity in vitro, protects cell surface glycocalyx structure, and reduces the expression of adhesion molecules. In vivo, CV122 significantly reduces the systemic levels of proinflammatory cytokines, prevents organ damage, improves vitality, and efficiently protects mice from sepsis-induced death. Mechanistically, CV122 inhibits the activity of heparanase, reduces its expression in the lungs, and protects glycocalyx structure of lung tissue. It is also found that CV122 provides effective protection from organ damage and death caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) infection. These results suggest that CV122 is a potential drug candidate for sepsis therapy targeting heparanase by inhibiting cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qiutong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ke Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xianwei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Haomiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Song Yang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266113, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medical, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Peng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Manli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Hongzhen Jin
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266113, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Fan Yu
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266113, China
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Pahmeier F, Monticelli SR, Feng X, Hjorth CK, Wang A, Kuehne AI, Bakken RR, Batchelor TG, Lee SE, Middlecamp M, Stuart L, Abelson DM, McLellan JS, Biering SB, Herbert AS, Chandran K, Harris E. Antibodies targeting Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus GP38 limit vascular leak and viral spread. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.23.595578. [PMID: 38826290 PMCID: PMC11142176 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.23.595578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a priority pathogen transmitted by tick bites, with no vaccines or specific therapeutics approved to date. Severe disease manifestations include hemorrhage, endothelial dysfunction, and multiorgan failure. Infected cells secrete the viral glycoprotein GP38, whose extracellular function is presently unknown. GP38 is considered an important target for vaccine and therapeutic design as GP38-specific antibodies can protect against severe disease in animal models, albeit through a currently unknown mechanism of action. Here, we show that GP38 induces endothelial barrier dysfunction in vitro, and that CCHFV infection, and GP38 alone, can trigger vascular leak in a mouse model. Protective antibodies that recognize specific antigenic sites on GP38, but not a protective neutralizing antibody binding the structural protein Gc, potently inhibit endothelial hyperpermeability in vitro and vascular leak in vivo during CCHFV infection. This work uncovers a function of the secreted viral protein GP38 as a viral toxin in CCHFV pathogenesis and elucidates the mode of action of non-neutralizing GP38-specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Pahmeier
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity Graduate Group, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie R. Monticelli
- Viral Immunology Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Xinyi Feng
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christy K. Hjorth
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ana I. Kuehne
- Viral Immunology Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Russell R. Bakken
- Viral Immunology Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Thomas G. Batchelor
- Viral Immunology Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Saeyoung E. Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Scott B. Biering
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- Viral Immunology Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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12
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Yang M, Yang Y, Zhang A, Ni M, Liang M, Quan B, Han W, Yang J. Pancreatic Injury Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome. Jpn J Infect Dis 2024; 77:121-128. [PMID: 38171850 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2022.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease. Previous studies have primarily focused on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with SFTS, whereas pancreatic injury has received little attention. This study investigated the effects of pancreatic injury on the prognosis of patients with SFTS. A total of 156 patients diagnosed with SFTS between April 2016 and April 2022 were included in the analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that pancreatic injury (odds ratio [OR] = 3.754, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.361-79.036, P = 0.024) and neurological symptoms (OR = 18.648, 95% CI: 4.921-70.668, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for mortality. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that serum pancreatic enzymes were predictive of progression to death in patients with SFTS. The area under the curve (AUC) for amylase was 0.711, with an optimal cutoff value of 95.5 U/L, sensitivity of 96.4%, and specificity of 35.9%. Lipase had an AUC of 0.754, an optimal cutoff value of 354.75 U/L, sensitivity of 75%, and specificity of 67.2%. Thus, pancreatic injury was associated with a poor prognosis of SFTS and can be used as an important reference for SFTS determination and prognostic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Class 1, Grade 2019, Department of Stomatology, Bengbu Medical College, China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Mingyue Ni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Manman Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Bin Quan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Wenzheng Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
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13
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Hawman DW, Leventhal SS, Meade-White K, Khandhar A, Murray J, Lovaglio J, Shaia C, Saturday G, Hinkley T, Erasmus J, Feldmann H. A replicating RNA vaccine confers protection in a rhesus macaque model of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:86. [PMID: 38769294 PMCID: PMC11106275 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne febrile illness with a wide geographic distribution. In recent years the geographic range of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) and its tick vector have increased, placing an increasing number of people at risk of CCHFV infection. Currently, there are no widely available vaccines, and although the World Health Organization recommends ribavirin for treatment, its efficacy is unclear. Here we evaluate a promising replicating RNA vaccine in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) model of CCHF. This model provides an alternative to the established cynomolgus macaque model and recapitulates mild-to-moderate human disease. Rhesus macaques infected with CCHFV consistently exhibit viremia, detectable viral RNA in a multitude of tissues, and moderate pathology in the liver and spleen. We used this model to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a replicating RNA vaccine. Rhesus macaques vaccinated with RNAs expressing the CCHFV nucleoprotein and glycoprotein precursor developed robust non-neutralizing humoral immunity against the CCHFV nucleoprotein and had significant protection against the CCHFV challenge. Together, our data report a model of CCHF using rhesus macaques and demonstrate that our replicating RNA vaccine is immunogenic and protective in non-human primates after a prime-boost immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA.
| | - Shanna S Leventhal
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | | | - Justin Murray
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | | | | | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA.
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14
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Daodu OB, Shaibu JO, Audu RA, Oluwayelu DO. Seromolecular survey and risk factor analysis of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus in occupationally exposed herdsmen and unexposed febrile patients in Kwara State, Nigeria. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303099. [PMID: 38723009 PMCID: PMC11081240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a globally significant tick-borne zoonotic pathogen that causes fatal haemorrhagic disease in humans. Despite constituting an ongoing public health threat, limited research exists on the presence of CCHFV among herdsmen, an occupationally exposed population that has prolonged contact with ruminants and ticks. This cross-sectional study, conducted between October 2018 and February 2020 in Kwara State, Nigeria, was aimed at assessing CCHFV seroprevalence among herdsmen and non-herdsmen febrile patients, and identifying the associated risk factors. Blood samples from herdsmen (n = 91) and febrile patients in hospitals (n = 646) were analyzed for anti-CCHFV IgG antibodies and CCHFV S-segment RNA using ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. Results revealed a remarkably high CCHFV seroprevalence of 92.3% (84/91) among herdsmen compared to 7.1% (46/646) in febrile patients. Occupational risk factors like animal and tick contact, tick bites, and hand crushing of ticks significantly contributed to higher seroprevalence in the herdsmen (p<0.0001). Herdsmen were 156.5 times more likely (p<0.0001) to be exposed to CCHFV than febrile patients. Notably, the odds of exposure were significantly higher (OR = 191.3; p<0.0001) in herdsmen with a history of tick bites. Although CCHFV genome was not detectable in the tested sera, our findings reveal that the virus is endemic among herdsmen in Kwara State, Nigeria. CCHFV should be considered as a probable cause of febrile illness among humans in the study area. Given the nomadic lifestyle of herdsmen, further investigations into CCHF epidemiology in this neglected population are crucial. This study enhances our understanding of CCHFV dynamics and emphasizes the need for targeted interventions in at-risk communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Babatunde Daodu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Virology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Rosemary Ajuma Audu
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Oladimeji Oluwayelu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Arbovirology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Centre for Control and Prevention of Zoonoses, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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15
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Welch SR, Garrison AR, Bente DA, Burt F, D'Addiego J, Devignot S, Dowall S, Fischer K, Hawman DW, Hewson R, Mirazimi A, Oestereich L, Vatansever Z, Spengler JR, Papa A. Third International Conference on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Thessaloniki, Greece, September 19-21, 2023. Antiviral Res 2024; 225:105844. [PMID: 38428749 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The Third International Conference on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) was held in Thessaloniki, Greece, September 19-21, 2023, bringing together a diverse group of international partners, including public health professionals, clinicians, ecologists, epidemiologists, immunologists, and virologists. The conference was attended by 118 participants representing 24 countries and the World Health Organization (WHO). Meeting sessions covered the epidemiology of CCHF in humans; Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in ticks; wild and domestic animal hosts; molecular virology; pathogenesis and animal models; immune response related to therapeutics; and CCHF prevention in humans. The concluding session focused on recent WHO recommendations regarding disease prevention, control strategies, and innovations against CCHFV outbreaks. This meeting report summarizes lectures by the invited speakers and highlights advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Aura R Garrison
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Dennis A Bente
- Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Felicity Burt
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jake D'Addiego
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Stephanie Devignot
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stuart Dowall
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Kerstin Fischer
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - David W Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Roger Hewson
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Oestereich
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and German Center for Infectious Research, Partner Sites Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zati Vatansever
- Kafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Parasitology, Kars, Turkey
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna Papa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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16
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Manjunathachar HV, Raut CG, Tiwari P, Chouksey V, Barde PV, Yadav PD, Sharma RK, Das A. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus prevalence in livestock of Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, Central India and its implications for public health. Res Vet Sci 2024; 171:105243. [PMID: 38564980 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The rise of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF), poses a significant global health challenge, urging immediate action and continuous surveillance. With no available vaccines, monitoring pathogen presence is critical to identify at-risk areas promptly. A study was designed to assess the incidence of CCHF virus in goats and cattle using commercial ELISA IgG kits in tribal-dominated regions. Overall, 16% of the samples (n = 63/393) were positive for CCHF virus-specific IgG antibodies, whereas sero-prevalence detected in cattle 11.6% [95% CI:7-17.7] and in goats 18.9% [95% CI: 13.76-24.01], respectively. Statistically, Animal gender and age didn't significantly affect prevalence (p-value >0.05). Our finding indicates unnoticed CCHF virus circulation. Notably, lack of public awareness about zoonotic diseases in the study region was recorded. To combat this emerging tick-borne disease effectively, it's crucial to screen individuals with hemorrhagic manifestations in healthcare settings and active surveillance of ticks to prevent unwarranted public health outbreaks and design preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haranahally Vasanthachar Manjunathachar
- Division of In-vivo Research, ICMR- National Institute of Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH), Jabalpur- 482003, Madhya Pradesh, India; ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka 590010, India.
| | - Chandrashekar Ganapat Raut
- Division of In-vivo Research, ICMR- National Institute of Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH), Jabalpur- 482003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Prakash Tiwari
- Division of In-vivo Research, ICMR- National Institute of Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH), Jabalpur- 482003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Chouksey
- Division of In-vivo Research, ICMR- National Institute of Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH), Jabalpur- 482003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pradip Vijay Barde
- ICMR- National Institute of Virology (Central Zone), Jabalpur- 482003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pragya D Yadav
- Maximum Containment Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra-411021, India
| | | | - Aparup Das
- Division of Vector borne diseases, ICMR- National Institute of Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH), Jabalpur-482003, Madhya Pradesh, India
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17
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Üçer MB, Cevher S, Üçer S. Choroidal changes in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. J Fr Ophtalmol 2024; 47:103965. [PMID: 37798172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) on choroidal tissue. METHODS Thirty-two CCHF patients and 34 healthy individuals were included in this cross-sectional study. All subjects were assessed using spectral domain optical coherence tomography and ImageJ software. The choroidal thickness (CT) in the subfoveal, nasal and temporal regions 1 mm from the foveal center was measured. The total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were calculated. RESULTS The nasal (P=0.002), subfoveal (P=0.006), and temporal CT (P=0.028) were significantly higher in the CCHF group. The TCA (P=0.021), SA (P=0.001) was significantly higher, and LA/SA (P<0.001) and CVI (P<0.001) were significantly lower in patients with CCHF. Significant negative correlations were found between temporal CT (r=-0.387, P=0.029), TCA (r=-0.461, P=0.008), LA (r=-0.480, P=0.005) SA (r=-0.419, P=0.017) and fibrinogen. Nasal CT, temporal CT, TCA and SA tended to increase with the severity of the disease, while LA/SA tended to decrease when CCHF patients were grouped into mild and moderate stages. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates significant changes in the choroidal structure and vascular characteristics in CCHF patients. These findings may be associated with endothelial damage, vascular leakage, capillary fragility, impaired immune response, and/or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Üçer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hitit University Erol Olçok Education and Research Hospital, 019030 Çorum, Turkey.
| | - S Cevher
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hitit University Erol Olçok Education and Research Hospital, 019030 Çorum, Turkey
| | - S Üçer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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18
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S. Celina S, Černý J. Genetic background of adaptation of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus to the different tick hosts. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302224. [PMID: 38662658 PMCID: PMC11045102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV) is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus with a segmented genome and the causative agent of a severe Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) disease. The virus is transmitted mainly by tick species in Hyalomma genus but other ticks such as representatives of genera Dermacentor and Rhipicephalus may also be involved in virus life cycle. To improve our understanding of CCHFV adaptation to its tick species, we compared nucleotide composition and codon usage patterns among the all CCHFV strains i) which sequences and other metadata as locality of collection and date of isolation are available in GenBank and ii) which were isolated from in-field collected tick species. These criteria fulfilled 70 sequences (24 coding for S, 23 for M, and 23 for L segment) of virus isolates originating from different representatives of Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus genera. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that Hyalomma- and Rhipicephalus-originating CCHFV isolates belong to phylogenetically distinct CCHFV clades. Analyses of nucleotide composition among the Hyalomma- and Rhipicephalus-originating CCHFV isolates also showed significant differences, mainly in nucleotides located at the 3rd codon positions indicating changes in codon usage among these lineages. Analyses of codon adaptation index (CAI), effective number of codons (ENC), and other codon usage statistics revealed significant differences between Hyalomma- and Rhipicephalus-isolated CCHFV strains. Despite both sets of strains displayed a higher adaptation to use codons that are preferred by Hyalomma ticks than Rhipicephalus ticks, there were distinct codon usage preferences observed between the two tick species. These findings suggest that over the course of its long co-evolution with tick vectors, CCHFV has optimized its codon usage to efficiently utilize translational resources of Hyalomma species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyma S. Celina
- Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Center for Infectious Animal Diseases, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Černý
- Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Center for Infectious Animal Diseases, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Ayari R, Chaouch H, Findlay-Wilson S, Hachfi W, Ben Lasfar N, Bellazreg F, Dowall S, Hannachi N, Letaief A. Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Phleboviruses and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus among Blood Donors in Central Tunisia. Pathogens 2024; 13:348. [PMID: 38668303 PMCID: PMC11054088 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of six viruses, from two families of the order Bunyavirales, in the general population of central Tunisia. Sera collected from 377 asymptomatic blood donors were serologically assayed for Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), and four sandfly-borne phleboviruses: Toscana virus (TOSV), sandfly fever Naples virus (SFNV), sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV), and sandfly fever Cyprus virus (SFCV). Of the 377 subjects enrolled in this study, 17.3% were IgG positive for at least one of the viruses tested. The most frequently detected antibodies were against TOSV (13.3%), followed by SFCV (2.9%), RVFV (1.9%), SFSV (1.3%), and SFNV (1.1%). Only one sample was IgG positive for CCHFV. Dual reactivity was observed in nine cases: SFSV + SFCV in three cases (0.8%) and TOSV + SFNV, TOSV + SFCV, and TOSV + RVFV in two cases (0.5%) each. 15.9% of donors were IgG positive against sandfly-borne phleboviruses. Among the 65 donors IgG positive for phleboviruses, 50.8% were from rural areas compared to 12.3% from urban areas (p < 0.001); 92.3% had animals in their living quarters (p = 0.009); and 70.8% lived in the vicinity of stagnant water (p = 0.062). Seroprevalence was significantly higher among donors living with chronic diseases (p = 0.039). Furthermore, the seroprevalence of phleboviruses was higher in Kairouan, the central governorate, than in the two coastal governorates: Monastir and Sousse, with 33.4%, 24.2%, and 14.9%, respectively. The presence of antibodies in the general population needs further investigation to better assess the extent of these viruses. Only TOSV was known to have an extensive circulation in Tunisia and in North Africa. Continued surveillance and interventions are necessary to detect the emergence of all arboviruses and to prevent further transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Ayari
- Infectious Diseases Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse 4000, Tunisia; (R.A.); (H.C.); (W.H.); (N.B.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Houda Chaouch
- Infectious Diseases Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse 4000, Tunisia; (R.A.); (H.C.); (W.H.); (N.B.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Stephen Findlay-Wilson
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK; (S.F.-W.); (S.D.)
| | - Wissem Hachfi
- Infectious Diseases Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse 4000, Tunisia; (R.A.); (H.C.); (W.H.); (N.B.L.); (F.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia;
| | - Nadia Ben Lasfar
- Infectious Diseases Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse 4000, Tunisia; (R.A.); (H.C.); (W.H.); (N.B.L.); (F.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia;
| | - Foued Bellazreg
- Infectious Diseases Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse 4000, Tunisia; (R.A.); (H.C.); (W.H.); (N.B.L.); (F.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia;
| | - Stuart Dowall
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK; (S.F.-W.); (S.D.)
| | - Neila Hannachi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia;
- Microbiology Laboratory, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse 4000, Tunisia
| | - Amel Letaief
- Infectious Diseases Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse 4000, Tunisia; (R.A.); (H.C.); (W.H.); (N.B.L.); (F.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia;
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20
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Samkange A, Mbiri P, Matomola OC, Zaire G, Homateni A, Junias E, Kaatura I, Khaiseb S, Ekandjo S, Shoopala J, Hausiku M, Shilongo A, Mujiwa ML, Dietze K, Busch F, Winter C, Matos C, Weiss S, Chitanga S. Serological Evidence of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever in Livestock in the Omaheke Region of Namibia. Microorganisms 2024; 12:838. [PMID: 38674782 PMCID: PMC11051821 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This research examined the positivity ratio of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) antibodies in cattle and sheep within Namibia's Omaheke region after a human disease outbreak in the same geographical area. A total of 200 samples (100 cattle and 100 sheep) were randomly collected from animals brought to two regional auction sites, and then tested using the ID Screen® CCHF Double Antigen Multi-Species Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay kit. Of the cattle samples, 36% tested positive, while 22% of the sheep samples were seropositive. The cattle had a significantly higher positivity ratio than sheep at the individual animal level (p = 0.0291). At the herd level, 62.5% of cattle herds and 45.5% of sheep flocks had at least one positive animal, but this difference was statistically insignificant (p = 0.2475). The fourteen cattle farms with at least one seropositive animal were dispersed across the Omaheke region. In contrast, the ten sheep farms with seropositive cases were predominantly situated in the southern half of the region. The study concluded that the CCHF is endemic in the Omaheke region and likely in most of Namibia, underscoring the importance of continued surveillance and preventive measures to mitigate the impact of CCHFV on animal health and potential spillover into human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaster Samkange
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (A.S.); (P.M.); (O.C.M.); (I.K.); (S.K.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Pricilla Mbiri
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (A.S.); (P.M.); (O.C.M.); (I.K.); (S.K.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Ophelia Chuma Matomola
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (A.S.); (P.M.); (O.C.M.); (I.K.); (S.K.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Georgina Zaire
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform, Private Bag 13184, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (G.Z.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (S.E.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Homateni
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform, Private Bag 13184, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (G.Z.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (S.E.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Elifas Junias
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform, Private Bag 13184, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (G.Z.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (S.E.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Israel Kaatura
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (A.S.); (P.M.); (O.C.M.); (I.K.); (S.K.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Siegfried Khaiseb
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (A.S.); (P.M.); (O.C.M.); (I.K.); (S.K.); (M.L.M.)
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform, Private Bag 13184, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (G.Z.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (S.E.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Simson Ekandjo
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform, Private Bag 13184, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (G.Z.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (S.E.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Johannes Shoopala
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform, Private Bag 13184, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (G.Z.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (S.E.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Magrecia Hausiku
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform, Private Bag 13184, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (G.Z.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (S.E.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Albertina Shilongo
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform, Private Bag 13184, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (G.Z.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (S.E.); (J.S.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Mushabati Linus Mujiwa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (A.S.); (P.M.); (O.C.M.); (I.K.); (S.K.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Klaas Dietze
- Institute of International Animal Health/One Health, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (K.D.); (F.B.)
| | - Frank Busch
- Institute of International Animal Health/One Health, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (K.D.); (F.B.)
| | - Christian Winter
- Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (C.W.); (C.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Carolina Matos
- Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (C.W.); (C.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Sabrina Weiss
- Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (C.W.); (C.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Simbarashe Chitanga
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia; (A.S.); (P.M.); (O.C.M.); (I.K.); (S.K.); (M.L.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 50110, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
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21
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McFadden E, Monticelli SR, Wang A, Ramamohan AR, Batchelor TG, Kuehne AI, Bakken RR, Tse AL, Chandran K, Herbert AS, McLellan JS. Engineering, structure, and immunogenicity of a Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus pre-fusion heterotrimeric glycoprotein complex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.20.590419. [PMID: 38659837 PMCID: PMC11042304 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.20.590419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne virus that can cause severe disease in humans with case fatality rates of 10-40%. Although structures of CCHFV glycoproteins GP38 and Gc have provided insights into viral entry and defined epitopes of neutralizing and protective antibodies, the structure of glycoprotein Gn and its interactions with GP38 and Gc have remained elusive. Here, we used structure-guided protein engineering to produce a stabilized GP38-Gn-Gc heterotrimeric glycoprotein complex (GP38-GnH-DS-Gc). A cryo-EM structure of this complex provides the molecular basis for GP38's association on the viral surface, reveals the structure of Gn, and demonstrates that GP38-Gn restrains the Gc fusion loops in the prefusion conformation, facilitated by an N-linked glycan attached to Gn. Immunization with GP38-GnH-DS-Gc conferred 40% protection against lethal IbAr10200 challenge in mice. These data define the architecture of a GP38-Gn-Gc protomer and provide a template for structure-guided vaccine antigen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth McFadden
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Stephanie R. Monticelli
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ajit R. Ramamohan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas G. Batchelor
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Ana I. Kuehne
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Russell R. Bakken
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra L. Tse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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22
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Chen T, Ding Z, Li X, Li Y, Lan J, Wong G. A mRNA Vaccine for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Expressing Non-Fusion GnGc Using NSm Linker Elicits Unexpected Immune Responses in Mice. Viruses 2024; 16:378. [PMID: 38543744 PMCID: PMC10975845 DOI: 10.3390/v16030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), caused by Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic virus (CCHFV), is listed in the World Health Organization's list of priority diseases. The high fatality rate in humans, the widespread distribution of CCHFV, and the lack of approved specific vaccines are the primary concerns regarding this disease. We used microfluidic technology to optimize the mRNA vaccine delivery system and demonstrated that vaccination with nucleoside-modified CCHFV mRNA vaccines encoding GnNSmGc (vLMs), Gn (vLMn), or Gc (vLMc) induced different immune responses. We found that both T-cell and B-cell immune responses induced by vLMc were better than those induced by vLMn. Interestingly, immune responses were found to be lower for vLMs, which employed NSm to link Gn and Gc for non-fusion expression, compared to those for vLMc. In conclusion, our results indicated that NSm could be a factor that leads to decreased specific immune responses in the host and should be avoided in the development of CCHFV vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Formerly Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China (X.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhe Ding
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Formerly Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China (X.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuejie Li
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Formerly Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China (X.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingwen Li
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Formerly Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China (X.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaming Lan
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Formerly Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China (X.L.)
| | - Gary Wong
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Formerly Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China (X.L.)
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23
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Garrison AR, Moresco V, Zeng X, Cline CR, Ward MD, Ricks KM, Olschner SP, Cazares LH, Karaaslan E, Fitzpatrick CJ, Bergeron É, Pegan SD, Golden JW. Nucleocapsid protein-specific monoclonal antibodies protect mice against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1722. [PMID: 38409240 PMCID: PMC10897337 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a WHO priority pathogen. Antibody-based medical countermeasures offer an important strategy to mitigate severe disease caused by CCHFV. Most efforts have focused on targeting the viral glycoproteins. However, glycoproteins are poorly conserved among viral strains. The CCHFV nucleocapsid protein (NP) is highly conserved between CCHFV strains. Here, we investigate the protective efficacy of a CCHFV monoclonal antibody targeting the NP. We find that an anti-NP monoclonal antibody (mAb-9D5) protected female mice against lethal CCHFV infection or resulted in a significant delay in mean time-to-death in mice that succumbed to disease compared to isotype control animals. Antibody protection is independent of Fc-receptor functionality and complement activity. The antibody bound NP from several CCHFV strains and exhibited robust cross-protection against the heterologous CCHFV strain Afg09-2990. Our work demonstrates that the NP is a viable target for antibody-based therapeutics, providing another direction for developing immunotherapeutics against CCHFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura R Garrison
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
| | - Vanessa Moresco
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Curtis R Cline
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Michael D Ward
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Keersten M Ricks
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Scott P Olschner
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Lisa H Cazares
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Elif Karaaslan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Collin J Fitzpatrick
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Scott D Pegan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA
| | - Joseph W Golden
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
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24
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Xu ZS, Du WT, Wang SY, Wang MY, Yang YN, Li YH, Li ZQ, Zhao LX, Yang Y, Luo WW, Wang YY. LDLR is an entry receptor for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Cell Res 2024; 34:140-150. [PMID: 38182887 PMCID: PMC10837205 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00917-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is the most widespread tick-born zoonotic bunyavirus that causes severe hemorrhagic fever and death in humans. CCHFV enters the cell via clathrin-mediated endocytosis which is dependent on its surface glycoproteins. However, the cellular receptors that are required for CCHFV entry are unknown. Here we show that the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is an entry receptor for CCHFV. Genetic knockout of LDLR impairs viral infection in various CCHFV-susceptible human, monkey and mouse cells, which is restored upon reconstitution with ectopically-expressed LDLR. Mutagenesis studies indicate that the ligand binding domain (LBD) of LDLR is necessary for CCHFV infection. LDLR binds directly to CCHFV glycoprotein Gc with high affinity, which supports virus attachment and internalization into host cells. Consistently, a soluble sLDLR-Fc fusion protein or anti-LDLR blocking antibodies impair CCHFV infection into various susceptible cells. Furthermore, genetic knockout of LDLR or administration of an LDLR blocking antibody significantly reduces viral loads, pathological effects and death following CCHFV infection in mice. Our findings suggest that LDLR is an entry receptor for CCHFV and pharmacological targeting of LDLR may provide a strategy to prevent and treat Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Sheng Xu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Tian Du
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Yun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mo-Yu Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Ning Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hui Li
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Qi Li
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Xin Zhao
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Wei Luo
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Yi Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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25
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Baz-Flores S, Herraiz C, Peralbo-Moreno A, Barral M, Arnal MC, Balseiro A, Cano-Terriza D, Castro-Scholten S, Cevidanes A, Conde-Lizarralde A, Cuadrado-Matías R, Escribano F, de Luco DF, Fidalgo LE, Hermoso-de Mendoza J, Fandos P, Gómez-Guillamón F, Granados JE, Jiménez-Martín D, López-Olvera JR, Martín I, Martínez R, Mentaberre G, García-Bocanegra I, Ruiz-Fons F. Mapping the risk of exposure to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in the Iberian Peninsula using Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) as a model. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102281. [PMID: 37995393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne zoonotic pathogen that can cause a lethal haemorrhagic disease in humans. Although the virus appears to be endemically established in the Iberian Peninsula, CCHF is an emerging disease in Spain. Clinical signs of CCHFV infection are mainly manifested in humans, but the virus replicates in several animal species. Understanding the determinants of CCHFV exposure risk from animal models is essential to predicting high-risk exposure hotspots for public health action. With this objective in mind, we designed a cross-sectional study of Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Spain and Portugal. The study analysed 5,291 sera collected between 2006 and 2022 from 90 wild boar populations with a specific double-antigen ELISA to estimate CCHFV serum prevalence and identify the main determinants of exposure probability. To do so, we statistically modelled exposure risk with host- and environment-related predictors and spatially projected it at a 10 × 10 km square resolution at the scale of the Iberian Peninsula to map foci of infection risk. Fifty-seven (63.3 %) of the 90 populations had at least one seropositive animal, with seroprevalence ranging from 0.0 to 88.2 %. Anti-CCHFV antibodies were found in 1,026 of 5,291 wild boar (19.4 %; 95 % confidence interval: 18.3-20.5 %), with highest exposure rates in southwestern Iberia. The most relevant predictors of virus exposure risk were wild boar abundance, local rainfall regime, shrub cover, winter air temperature and soil temperature variation. The spatial projection of the best-fit model identified high-risk foci as occurring in most of western and southwestern Iberia and identified recently confirmed risk foci in eastern Spain. The results of the study demonstrate that serological surveys of CCHFV vector hosts are a powerful, robust and highly informative tool for public health authorities to take action to prevent human cases of CCHF in enzootic and emergency settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Baz-Flores
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cesar Herraiz
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alfonso Peralbo-Moreno
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marta Barral
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - Mari Cruz Arnal
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas, Grulleros, 24346 León, Spain
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sabrina Castro-Scholten
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aitor Cevidanes
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - Alazne Conde-Lizarralde
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Raúl Cuadrado-Matías
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Fernando Escribano
- Centro de Recuperación de Fauna Silvestre "El Valle", Ctra. Subida del Valle 62, 30150, La Alberca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniel Fernández de Luco
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Eusebio Fidalgo
- Departamento de Anatomía, Producción Animal y Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias (APAyCCV) Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Javier Hermoso-de Mendoza
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Félix Gómez-Guillamón
- Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Desarrollo Sostenible, Junta de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
| | - José E Granados
- Parque Nacional y Parque Natural Sierra Nevada, Carretera Antigua de Sierra Nevada km 7, 18071 Pinos Genil, Granada, Spain
| | - Débora Jiménez-Martín
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jorge R López-Olvera
- Wildlife Ecology & Health (WE&H) research group and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés Martín
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Remigio Martínez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Gregorio Mentaberre
- Wildlife Ecology and Health Group (WE&H), Departament de Ciència Animal, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària (ETSEA), Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Fons
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III,.
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26
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Paquette SJ, Simon AY, XIII A, Kobinger GP, Shahhosseini N. Medically Significant Vector-Borne Viral Diseases in Iran. Microorganisms 2023; 11:3006. [PMID: 38138150 PMCID: PMC10745727 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11123006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne viral diseases (VBVDs) continue to pose a considerable public health risk to animals and humans globally. Vectors have integral roles in autochthonous circulation and dissemination of VBVDs worldwide. The interplay of agricultural activities, population expansion, urbanization, host/pathogen evolution, and climate change, all contribute to the continual flux in shaping the epidemiology of VBVDs. In recent decades, VBVDs, once endemic to particular countries, have expanded into new regions such as Iran and its neighbors, increasing the risk of outbreaks and other public health concerns. Both Iran and its neighboring countries are known to host a number of VBVDs that are endemic to these countries or newly circulating. The proximity of Iran to countries hosting regional diseases, along with increased global socioeconomic activities, e.g., international trade and travel, potentially increases the risk for introduction of new VBVDs into Iran. In this review, we examined the epidemiology of numerous VBVDs circulating in Iran, such as Chikungunya virus, Dengue virus, Sindbis virus, West Nile virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Sandfly-borne phleboviruses, and Hantavirus, in relation to their vectors, specifically mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies, and rodents. In addition, we discussed the interplay of factors, e.g., urbanization and climate change on VBVD dissemination patterns and the consequent public health risks in Iran, highlighting the importance of a One Health approach to further surveil and to evolve mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jo Paquette
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada;
| | - Ayo Yila Simon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Ara XIII
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (A.X.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Gary P. Kobinger
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (A.X.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Nariman Shahhosseini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada;
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Telford C, Nyakarahuka L, Waller L, Kitron U, Shoemaker T. Spatial prediction of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus seroprevalence among livestock in Uganda. One Health 2023; 17:100576. [PMID: 38024282 PMCID: PMC10665170 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a viral disease that can infect humans via contact with tick vectors or livestock reservoirs and can cause moderate to severe disease. The first human case of CCHF in Uganda was identified in 2013. To determine the geographic distribution of the CCHF virus (CCHFV), serosampling among herds of livestock was conducted in 28 Uganda districts in 2017. A geostatistical model of CCHF seroprevalence among livestock was developed to incorporate environmental and anthropogenic variables associated with elevated CCHF seroprevalence to predict CCHF seroprevalence on a map of Uganda and estimate the probability that CCHF seroprevalence exceeded 30% at each prediction location. Environmental and anthropogenic variables were also analyzed in separate models to determine the spatially varying drivers of prediction and determine which covariate class resulted in best prediction certainty. Covariates used in the full model included distance to the nearest croplands, average annual change in night-time light index, percent sand soil content, land surface temperature, and enhanced vegetation index. Elevated CCHF seroprevalence occurred in patches throughout the country, being highest in northern Uganda. Environmental covariates drove predicted seroprevalence in the full model more than anthropogenic covariates. Combination of environmental and anthropogenic variables resulted in the best prediction certainty. An understanding of the spatial distribution of CCHF across Uganda and the variables that drove predictions can be used to prioritize specific locations and activities to reduce the risk of future CCHF transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson Telford
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Luke Nyakarahuka
- Uganda Virus Research Institute, 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda, 7062 University Rd, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lance Waller
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Trevor Shoemaker
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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Blacksell SD, Dhawan S, Kusumoto M, Le KK, Summermatter K, O'Keefe J, Kozlovac J, Almuhairi SS, Sendow I, Scheel CM, Ahumibe A, Masuku ZM, Bennett AM, Kojima K, Harper DR, Hamilton K. The Biosafety Research Road Map: The Search for Evidence to Support Practices in the Laboratory-Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus and Lassa Virus. APPLIED BIOSAFETY 2023; 28:216-229. [PMID: 38090357 PMCID: PMC10712363 DOI: 10.1089/apb.2022.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) virus and Lassa virus (LASV) are zoonotic agents regarded as high-consequence pathogens due to their high case fatality rates. CCHF virus is a vector-borne disease and is transmitted by tick bites. Lassa virus is spread via aerosolization of dried rat urine, ingesting infected rats, and direct contact with or consuming food and water contaminated with rat excreta. Methods The scientific literature for biosafety practices has been reviewed for both these two agents to assess the evidence base and biosafety-related knowledge gaps. The review focused on five main areas, including the route of inoculation/modes of transmission, infectious dose, laboratory-acquired infections, containment releases, and disinfection and decontamination strategies. Results There is a lack of data on the safe collection and handling procedures for tick specimens and the infectious dose from an infective tick bite for CCHF investigations. In addition, there are gaps in knowledge about gastrointestinal and contact infectious doses for Lassa virus, sample handling and transport procedures outside of infectious disease areas, and the contribution of asymptomatic carriers in viral circulation. Conclusion Due to the additional laboratory hazards posed by these two agents, the authors recommend developing protocols that work effectively and safely in highly specialized laboratories in non-endemic regions and a laboratory with limited resources in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D. Blacksell
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Research Medicine Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sandhya Dhawan
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Research Medicine Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Marina Kusumoto
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Research Medicine Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kim Khanh Le
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Research Medicine Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Joseph O'Keefe
- Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Joseph Kozlovac
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Indrawati Sendow
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
| | - Christina M. Scheel
- WHO Collaborating Center for Biosafety and Biosecurity, Office of the Associate Director for Laboratory Science, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anthony Ahumibe
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja and Prevention, Nigeria
| | - Zibusiso M. Masuku
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Sandringham, South Africa
| | | | - Kazunobu Kojima
- Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David R. Harper
- The Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Hamilton
- World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Paris, France
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Carrera-Faja L, Espunyes J, Cardells J, Fernández Aguilar X, Pailler-García L, Napp S, Cabezón O. Dynamics of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in two wild ungulate hosts during a disease-induced population collapse. One Health 2023; 17:100622. [PMID: 38024274 PMCID: PMC10665167 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying the role that host species play in pathogen transmission and maintenance is crucial for disease control, but it is a difficult task, in particular for vector-borne and multi-host pathogens, and especially when wildlife species are involved. This is the case for a Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) hotspot in north-eastern Spain, where Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) are involved, but their roles in disease transmission are unclear. In this context, we studied the dynamics of CCHFV transmission in these two species during the collapse of an Iberian ibex population due to a sarcoptic mange outbreak. We carried out a repeated cross-sectional study measuring the trends of CCHFV seroprevalence in Iberian ibex and wild boar and their abundances. In addition, we identified the tick species present in this area on the vegetation and on wild boars, and evaluated relevant meteorological factors. Results show that while the trends in CCHFV seroprevalence in Iberian Ibex and density of wild boars remained constant (p = 1.0 and p = 0.8, respectively), both the trends in Iberian ibex census and CCHFV seroprevalence in wild boars decreased significantly (p = 0.003 and p = 0.0001, respectively), and were correlated (Spearman's rank, 0.02 < p-adjusted<0.05). The correlation between the patterns of reduction of Iberian ibex abundance and the decrease of seroprevalence in wild boars suggests some sort of shared transmission cycle between the two species. Data from tick species in the area suggest a possible role of Rhipicephalus bursa in CCHFV transmission. The dynamics of CCHFV were unlikely caused by changes in meteorological variables such as temperature or water vapor pressure deficit. Further studies will be needed to confirm these hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carrera-Faja
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group (WildCoM), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Johan Espunyes
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group (WildCoM), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jesús Cardells
- Servicio de Análisis, Investigación y Gestión de Animales Silvestres (SAIGAS), Veterinary Faculty, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, Tirant lo Blanc Street 7, Alfara del Patriarca 46115, Valencia, Spain
| | - Xavier Fernández Aguilar
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group (WildCoM), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lola Pailler-García
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sebastian Napp
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Oscar Cabezón
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group (WildCoM), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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Rao D, Meade-White K, Leventhal S, Mihalakakos E, Carmody A, Feldmann H, Hawman DW. CD8 + T-cells target the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus Gc protein to control the infection in wild-type mice. EBioMedicine 2023; 97:104839. [PMID: 37866114 PMCID: PMC10623175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a serious viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the CCHF virus (CCHFV). Spread by the bites of infected ticks or handling of viremic livestock, human disease is characterized by a non-specific febrile illness that can rapidly progress to fatal hemorrhagic disease. No vaccines or antivirals are available. Case fatality rates can vary but can be higher than 30%, although sub-clinical infections are often unrecognized and unreported. Yet, while most humans infected with CCHFV will survive the infection, often with little-to-no symptoms, the host responses that control the infection are unknown. METHODS Here we investigated the role of cellular immunity in control of CCHFV infection in an immunocompetent mouse model. FINDINGS We found that CD8+ T-cells are crucial for efficient control of the acute infection and rapidly acquired CCHFV-specific antiviral effector functions such as production of antiviral cytokines and degranulating in response to CCHFV peptides. We further identified the minimal CD8+ T-cell epitopes in the viral Gc proteins and that infection of mice lacking IFNγ resulted in worsened disease and higher viral loads. INTERPRETATION Together our data suggest that CD8+ T-cells are important for control of acute CCHFV infection likely through production of antiviral cytokines. FUNDING This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepashri Rao
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Shanna Leventhal
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Evan Mihalakakos
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Aaron Carmody
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - David W Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
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Celina SS, Černý J, Samy AM. Mapping the potential distribution of the principal vector of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus Hyalomma marginatum in the Old World. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0010855. [PMID: 38011221 PMCID: PMC10703407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most widely distributed tick-borne viral disease in humans and is caused by the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). The virus has a broader distribution, expanding from western China and South Asia to the Middle East, southeast Europe, and Africa. The historical known distribution of the CCHFV vector Hyalomma marginatum in Europe includes most of the Mediterranean and the Balkan countries, Ukraine, and southern Russia. Further expansion of its potential distribution may have occurred in and out of the Mediterranean region. This study updated the distributional map of the principal vector of CCHFV, H. marginatum, in the Old World using an ecological niche modeling approach based on occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and a set of covariates. The model predicted higher suitability of H. marginatum occurrences in diverse regions of Africa and Asia. Furthermore, the model estimated the environmental suitability of H. marginatum across Europe. On a continental scale, the model anticipated a widespread potential distribution encompassing the southern, western, central, and eastern parts of Europe, reaching as far north as the southern regions of Scandinavian countries. The distribution of H. marginatum also covered countries across Central Europe where the species is not autochthonous. All models were statistically robust and performed better than random expectations (p < 0.001). Based on the model results, climatic conditions could hamper the successful overwintering of H. marginatum and their survival as adults in many regions of the Old World. Regular updates of the models are still required to continually assess the areas at risk using up-to-date occurrence and climatic data in present-day and future conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyma S. Celina
- Center for Infectious Animal Diseases, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Černý
- Center for Infectious Animal Diseases, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Abdallah M. Samy
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
- Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Weber N, Nagy M, Markotter W, Schaer J, Puechmaille SJ, Sutton J, Dávalos LM, Dusabe MC, Ejotre I, Fenton MB, Knörnschild M, López-Baucells A, Medellin RA, Metz M, Mubareka S, Nsengimana O, O'Mara MT, Racey PA, Tuttle M, Twizeyimana I, Vicente-Santos A, Tschapka M, Voigt CC, Wikelski M, Dechmann DK, Reeder DM. Robust evidence for bats as reservoir hosts is lacking in most African virus studies: a review and call to optimize sampling and conserve bats. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20230358. [PMID: 37964576 PMCID: PMC10646460 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Africa experiences frequent emerging disease outbreaks among humans, with bats often proposed as zoonotic pathogen hosts. We comprehensively reviewed virus-bat findings from papers published between 1978 and 2020 to evaluate the evidence that African bats are reservoir and/or bridging hosts for viruses that cause human disease. We present data from 162 papers (of 1322) with original findings on (1) numbers and species of bats sampled across bat families and the continent, (2) how bats were selected for study inclusion, (3) if bats were terminally sampled, (4) what types of ecological data, if any, were recorded and (5) which viruses were detected and with what methodology. We propose a scheme for evaluating presumed virus-host relationships by evidence type and quality, using the contrasting available evidence for Orthoebolavirus versus Orthomarburgvirus as an example. We review the wording in abstracts and discussions of all 162 papers, identifying key framing terms, how these refer to findings, and how they might contribute to people's beliefs about bats. We discuss the impact of scientific research communication on public perception and emphasize the need for strategies that minimize human-bat conflict and support bat conservation. Finally, we make recommendations for best practices that will improve virological study metadata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Weber
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- University of Ulm, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martina Nagy
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wanda Markotter
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Juliane Schaer
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sébastien J. Puechmaille
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Liliana M. Dávalos
- Department of Ecology and Evolution and Consortium for Inter-Disciplinary Environmental Research, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | | | - Imran Ejotre
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
- Muni University, Arua, Uganda
| | - M. Brock Fenton
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mirjam Knörnschild
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
- Evolutionary Ethology, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | | | - Rodrigo A. Medellin
- Institute of Ecology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Samira Mubareka
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - M. Teague O'Mara
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Bat Conservation International Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, USA
| | - Paul A. Racey
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Merlin Tuttle
- Merlin Tuttle's Bat Conservation, Austin, TX USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | | | - Amanda Vicente-Santos
- Graduate Program in Population Biology, Ecology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Marco Tschapka
- University of Ulm, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | | | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dina K.N. Dechmann
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Komut S, Çorakyer N, Kaplan G, Baykam N. An Evaluation of the Hitit Index in Differential Diagnosis of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in the Emergency Department. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1796. [PMID: 37893514 PMCID: PMC10608086 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a viral zoonotic infection, which is seen over a wide geographic area. The mortality rate is in inverse proportion to the ability of patients to access healthcare services. Therefore, early identification of patients is extremely important. The aim of this study was to test the sensitivity and specificity of the Hitit Index in the differentiation of CCHF cases at the time of presentation at the Emergency Department and to evaluate the agreement of this index with molecular (CCHFV RNA) and/or serological diagnostic tests (ELISA-CCHF IgM). Materials and Methods: The patients included were those who presented at the Emergency Department (ED) with the complaint of a tick bite or those identified as potential CCHF cases as a result of complaints and/or laboratory findings. For cases that met the study inclusion criteria, the Hitit Index score was calculated automatically from the parameters included in the index formula uploaded to the automation system in the ED at the time of presentation. Through comparisons of the agreement of the Hitit Index with the CCHFV-RNA and/or IgM results the power of the Hitit Index for differentiation of CCHF cases in ED was evaluated. Results: The data of 273 patients were analyzed. There was a history of tick bite in 236 (86%) cases. Of the evaluated cases, 110 (40.2%) were hospitalized; CCHF positivity was determined in 72 (26.4%). The Hitit Index values calculated in ED and at 24 h after hospitalization were determined to be significant in the prediction of the CCHF cases (p < 0.001, AUC = 0.919 (0.887-0.951); p < 0.001, AUC = 0.902 (0.841-0.962). For a cut-off point of 0 of the Hitit Index evaluated in ED, the classification success was found to have a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 88% (PPV-NPV). For a cut-off point of 0 of the Hitit Index evaluated at 24 h after hospitalization, the classification success was found to have a sensitivity of 79.7% and specificity of 84% (PPV-NPV). Conclusions: The defined form of the Hitit Index can be used in the differentiation of CCHF cases in ED with high sensitivity and specificity levels. Just as evaluation with the Hitit Index prevents unnecessary hospitalization, it can also contribute to reducing mortality rates with the early identification of CCHF cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seval Komut
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, 19040 Çorum, Turkey;
| | - Nurullah Çorakyer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, 19040 Çorum, Turkey;
| | - Gülcan Kaplan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, 19040 Çorum, Turkey; (G.K.); (N.B.)
| | - Nurcan Baykam
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, 19040 Çorum, Turkey; (G.K.); (N.B.)
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Tipih T, Meade-White K, Rao D, Bushmaker T, Lewis M, Shaia C, Feldmann H, Hawman DW. Favipiravir and Ribavirin protect immunocompetent mice from lethal CCHFV infection. Antiviral Res 2023; 218:105703. [PMID: 37611878 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) causes Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in humans with high morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is neither an approved antiviral drug nor a vaccine against CCHFV. In this study, we describe a lethal model of CCHFV infection using a mouse-adapted strain of CCHFV (MA-CCHFV) in adult wild-type male mice. Infected mice developed high viral loads, tissue pathology, and inflammatory immune responses before ultimately succumbing to the infection. We used the model to evaluate the protective efficacy of nucleoside analogs monulpiravir, favipiravir, ribavirin, the antibiotic tigecycline and the corticosteroids dexamethasone and methylprednisolone against lethal CCHFV infection. Tigecycline, monulpiravir and the corticosteroids failed to protect mice from lethal MA-CCHFV infection. In contrast, favipiravir and ribavirin protected animals from clinical disease and death even when treatment was delayed. Despite demonstrating uniform protection, CCHFV RNA persisted in survivors treated with favipiravir and ribavirin. Nevertheless, the study demonstrated the anti-CCHFV efficacy of favipiravir and ribavirin in a model with intact innate immunity and establishes this model for continued development of CCHFV countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tipih
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Deepashri Rao
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Trenton Bushmaker
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Mathew Lewis
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA.
| | - David W Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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Arede M, Beltrán-Alcrudo D, Aliyev J, Chaligava T, Keskin I, Markosyan T, Morozov D, Oste S, Pavlenko A, Ponea M, Starciuc N, Zdravkova A, Raizman E, Casal J, Allepuz A. Examination of critical factors influencing ruminant disease dynamics in the Black Sea Basin. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1174560. [PMID: 37808108 PMCID: PMC10557248 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1174560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ruminant production in the Black Sea basin (BSB) is critical for national economies and the subsistence of rural populations. Yet, zoonoses and transboundary animal diseases (TADs) are limiting and threatening the sector. To gain a more comprehensive understanding, this study characterizes key aspects of the ruminant sector in nine countries of the BSB, including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Romania, Türkiye, and Ukraine. Methods We selected six priority ruminant diseases (anthrax, brucellosis, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), lumpy skin disease (LSD), and peste des petits ruminants (PPR)) that are present or threaten to emerge in the region. Standardized questionnaires were completed by a network of focal points and supplemented with external sources. We examined country and ruminant-specific data such as demographics, economic importance, and value chains in each country. For disease-specific data, we analysed the sanitary status, management strategies, and temporal trends of the selected diseases. Results and discussion The shift from a centrally planned to a market economy, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, restructured the ruminant sector. This sector played a critical role in rural livelihoods within the BSB. Yet, it faced significant challenges such as the low sustainability of pastoralism, technological limitations, and unregistered farms. Additionally, ruminant health was hindered by informal animal trade as a result of economic factors, insufficient support for the development of formal trade, and socio-cultural drivers. In the Caucasus and Türkiye, where diseases were present, improvements to ruminant health were driven by access to trading opportunities. Conversely, European countries, mostly disease-free, prioritized preventing disease incursion to avoid a high economic burden. While international initiatives for disease management are underway in the BSB, there is still a need for more effective local resource allocation and international partnerships to strengthen veterinary health capacity, protect animal health and improve ruminant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Arede
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Beltrán-Alcrudo
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jeyhun Aliyev
- Food Safety Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Tengiz Chaligava
- Veterinary Department, National Food Agency, Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ipek Keskin
- Veterinary Control Central Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Tigran Markosyan
- Scientific Centre for Risk Assessment and Analysis in Food Safety Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Nubarashen, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Dmitry Morozov
- Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Vitebsk, Belarus
| | - Sarah Oste
- University Institute of Technology Nancy-Brabois, Lorraine University, Villers-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Andrii Pavlenko
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihai Ponea
- National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Starciuc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State Agrarian University of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova
| | | | - Eran Raizman
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jordi Casal
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Allepuz
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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36
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Messina JP, Wint GRW. The Spatial Distribution of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever and Its Potential Vectors in Europe and Beyond. INSECTS 2023; 14:771. [PMID: 37754739 PMCID: PMC10532370 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is considered to be spreading across the globe, with many countries reporting new human CCHF cases in recent decades including Georgia, Türkiye, Albania, and, most recently, Spain. We update a human CCHF distribution map produced in 2015 to include global disease occurrence records to June 2022, and we include the recent records for Europe. The predicted distributions are based on long-established spatial modelling methods and are extended to include all European countries and the surrounding areas. The map produced shows the environmental suitability for the disease, taking into account the distribution of the most important known and potential tick vectors Hyalomma marginatum and Hyalomma lusitanicum, without which the disease cannot occur. This limits the disease's predicted distribution to the Iberian Peninsula, the Mediterranean seaboard, along with Türkiye and the Caucasus, with a more patchy suitability predicted for inland Greece, the southern Balkans, and extending north to north-west France and central Europe. These updated CCHF maps can be used to identify the areas with the highest probability of disease and to therefore target areas where mitigation measures should currently be focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Paula Messina
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, S. Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
- Oxford School of Global and Area Studies, University of Oxford, 13 Bevington Rd., Oxford OX2 6LH, UK
| | - G. R. William Wint
- Environmental Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Rd., Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK;
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37
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Rishi E, Thomas J, Fashina T, Kim L, Yeh S. Emerging Pathogenic Viral Infections of the Eye. Annu Rev Vis Sci 2023; 9:71-89. [PMID: 37018917 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-100820-010504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Global health security threats and the public health impact resulting from emerging infectious diseases including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and recent Ebola virus disease outbreaks continuously emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to preparedness, management of disease outbreaks, and health sequelae associated with emergent pathogens. A spectrum of associated ophthalmic manifestations, along with the potential persistence of emerging viral pathogens in ocular tissues, highlight the importance of an ophthalmic approach to contributing to efforts in the response to public health emergencies from disease outbreaks. This article summarizes the ophthalmic and systemic findings, epidemiology, and therapeutics for emerging viral pathogens identified by the World Health Organization as high-priority pathogens with epidemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Rishi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; , ,
| | | | - Tolulope Fashina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; , ,
| | - Lucas Kim
- Mercer University School of Medicine, Augusta, Georgia, USA;
| | - Steven Yeh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; , ,
- Global Center for Health Security, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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38
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Ambikan AT, Elaldi N, Svensson-Akusjärvi S, Bagci B, Pektas AN, Hewson R, Bagci G, Arasli M, Appelberg S, Mardinoglu A, Sood V, Végvári Á, Benfeitas R, Gupta S, Cetin I, Mirazimi A, Neogi U. Systems-level temporal immune-metabolic profile in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304722120. [PMID: 37669378 PMCID: PMC10500270 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304722120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) caused by CCHF virus (CCHFV) is one of the epidemic-prone diseases prioritized by the World Health Organisation as public health emergency with an urgent need for accelerated research. The trajectory of host response against CCHFV is multifarious and remains unknown. Here, we reported the temporal spectrum of pathogenesis following the CCHFV infection using genome-wide blood transcriptomics analysis followed by advanced systems biology analysis, temporal immune-pathogenic alterations, and context-specific progressive and postinfection genome-scale metabolic models (GSMM) on samples collected during the acute (T0), early convalescent (T1), and convalescent-phase (T2). The interplay between the retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor and tumor necrosis factor signaling governed the trajectory of antiviral immune responses. The rearrangement of intracellular metabolic fluxes toward the amino acid metabolism and metabolic shift toward oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation during acute CCHFV infection determine the pathogenicity. The upregulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle during CCHFV infection, compared to the noninfected healthy control and between the severity groups, indicated an increased energy demand and cellular stress. The upregulation of glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism potentiated energy generation through alternative pathways associated with the severity of the infection. The downregulation of metabolic processes at the convalescent phase identified by blood cell transcriptomics and single-cell type proteomics of five immune cells (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD14+ monocytes, B cells, and NK cells) potentially leads to metabolic rewiring through the recovery due to hyperactivity during the acute phase leading to post-viral fatigue syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop T. Ambikan
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Stockholm-14152, Sweden
| | - Nazif Elaldi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas58140, Turkey
| | - Sara Svensson-Akusjärvi
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Stockholm-14152, Sweden
| | - Binnur Bagci
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ayse Nur Pektas
- Cumhuriyet University Advanced Technology Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas58140, Turkey
| | - Roger Hewson
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, WiltshireSP4 0JG, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, LondonWC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Gokhan Bagci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Altinbas University, Istanbul34147, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Arasli
- Department of Immunology, Medical Faculty, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak67600, Turkey
| | - Sofia Appelberg
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Stockholm-17165, Sweden
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan–Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm-17121, Sweden
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, LondonWC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Vikas Sood
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Stockholm-14152, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard University, Delhi110062, India
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm-17177, Sweden
| | - Rui Benfeitas
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Stockholm-14152, Sweden
| | - Soham Gupta
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Stockholm-14152, Sweden
| | - Ilhan Cetin
- Department of Public Health, Medical Faculty, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Stockholm-17165, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm-14152, Sweden
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala-75189, Sweden
| | - Ujjwal Neogi
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Stockholm-14152, Sweden
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39
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Ahata B, Akçapınar GB. CCHFV vaccine development, current challenges, limitations, and future directions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238882. [PMID: 37753088 PMCID: PMC10518622 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most prevalent tick-borne viral disease affecting humans. The disease is life-threatening in many regions of the developing world, including Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Southern Europe. In line with the rapidly increasing disease prevalence, various vaccine strategies are under development. Despite a large number of potential vaccine candidates, there are no approved vaccines as of yet. This paper presents a detailed comparative analysis of current efforts to develop vaccines against CCHFV, limitations associated with current efforts, and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Ahata
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Health Institutes of Turkey, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Günseli Bayram Akçapınar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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40
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Maze EA, Chrun T, Booth G, Limon G, Charleston B, Lambe T. Generation and Characterisation of Monoclonal Antibodies against Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus Nucleoprotein. Viruses 2023; 15:1876. [PMID: 37766282 PMCID: PMC10536980 DOI: 10.3390/v15091876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nairobi sheep disease (NSD), caused by the viral agent NSD virus (NSDV), is a haemorrhagic fever disease affecting and inducing high mortality in sheep and goat populations. NSDV belongs to the genus Orthonairovirus of the Nairoviridae family from the order Bunyavirales. Other viruses circulating in livestock such as Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) and Dugbe virus (DUGV) are members of the same genus and are reported to share antigenic features. There are very few available materials to study NSDV infection both in vitro and in vivo. In the present work, we characterised two monoclonal antibodies generated in mice that recognise NSDV specifically but not CCHFV or DUGV, along with a potential use to define virus-infected cells, using flow cytometry. We believe this tool can be useful for research, but also NSDV diagnostics, especially through immunological staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel A. Maze
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (T.C.)
| | - Tiphany Chrun
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (T.C.)
| | - George Booth
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (T.C.)
| | - Georgina Limon
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (T.C.)
| | - Bryan Charleston
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (T.C.)
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine (CCVTM), Churchill Hospital Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
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41
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Hekimoglu O, Elverici C, Kuyucu AC. Predicting climate-driven distribution shifts in Hyalomma marginatum (Ixodidae). Parasitology 2023; 150:883-893. [PMID: 37519234 PMCID: PMC10577666 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Hyalomma marginatum is an important tick species which is the main vector of Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever and spotted fever. The species is predominantly distributed in parts of southern Europe, North Africa and West Asia. However, due to ongoing climate change and increasing reports of H. marginatum in central and northern Europe, the expansion of this range poses a potential future risk. In this study, an ecological niche modelling approach to model the current and future climatic suitability of H. marginatum was followed. Using high-resolution climatic variables from the Chelsa dataset and an updated list of locations for H. marginatum, ecological niche models were constructed under current environmental conditions using MaxEnt for both current conditions and future projections under the ssp370 and ssp585 scenarios. Models show that the climatically suitable region for H. marginatum matches the current distributional area in the Mediterranean basin and West Asia. When applied to future projections, the models suggest a considerable expansion of H. marginatum's range in the north in Europe as a result of rising temperatures. However, a decline in central Anatolia is also predicted, potentially due to the exacerbation of drought conditions in that region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Can Elverici
- Biology Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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42
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Batte A, Shahrin L, Claure-Del Granado R, Luyckx VA, Conroy AL. Infections and Acute Kidney Injury: A Global Perspective. Semin Nephrol 2023; 43:151466. [PMID: 38158245 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Globally, there are an estimated 13.3 million cases of acute kidney injury (AKI) annually. Although infections are a common cause of AKI globally, most infection-associated AKI occurs in low- and lower-middle-income countries. There are marked differences in the etiology of infection-associated AKI across age groups, populations at risk, and geographic location. This article provides a global overview of different infections that are associated commonly with AKI, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human immunodeficiency virus, malaria, dengue, leptospirosis, tick-borne illnesses, and viral hemorrhagic fevers. Further discussion focuses on infectious conditions associated with AKI including sepsis, diarrheal diseases and pregnancy, peripartum and neonatal AKI. This article also discusses the future of infection-associated AKI in the framework of climate change. It explores how increased investment in achieving the sustainable development goals may contribute to the International Society of Nephrology's 0 by 25 objective to curtail avoidable AKI-related fatalities by 2025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Batte
- Child Health and Development Centre, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Global Health Uganda, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Lubaba Shahrin
- Clinical and Diagnostic Services, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rolando Claure-Del Granado
- Division of Nephrology, Hospital Obrero No 2, Caja Nacional de Salud, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas e Investigación Social (IIBISMED), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Simon, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Valerie A Luyckx
- Department of Public and Global Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrea L Conroy
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; Center for Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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43
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Ozdarendeli A. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus: Progress in Vaccine Development. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2708. [PMID: 37627967 PMCID: PMC10453274 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), a member of the Nairoviridae family and Bunyavirales order, is transmitted to humans via tick bites or contact with the blood of infected animals. It can cause severe symptoms, including hemorrhagic fever, with a mortality rate between 5 to 30%. CCHFV is classified as a high-priority pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to its high fatality rate and the absence of effective medical countermeasures. CCHFV is endemic in several regions across the world, including Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, and has the potential for global spread. The emergence of the disease in new areas, as well as the presence of the tick vector in countries without reported cases, emphasizes the need for preventive measures to be taken. In the past, the lack of a suitable animal model susceptible to CCHFV infection has been a major obstacle in the development of vaccines and treatments. However, recent advances in biotechnology and the availability of suitable animal models have significantly expedited the development of vaccines against CCHF. These advancements have not only contributed to an enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis of CCHF but have also facilitated the evaluation of potential vaccine candidates. This review outlines the immune response to CCHFV and animal models utilized for the study of CCHFV and highlights the progress made in CCHFV vaccine studies. Despite remarkable advancements in vaccine development for CCHFV, it remains crucial to prioritize continued research, collaboration, and investment in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Ozdarendeli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye;
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye
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Guterres A. Viral load: We need a new look at an old problem? J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29061. [PMID: 37638475 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The concept of viral load was introduced in the 1980s to measure the amount of viral genetic material in a person's blood, primarily for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It has since become crucial for monitoring HIV infection progression and assessing the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy. However, during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the term "viral load" became widely popularized, not only for the scientific community but for the general population. Viral load plays a critical role in both clinical patient management and research, providing valuable insights for antiviral treatment strategies, vaccination efforts, and epidemiological control measures. As measuring viral load is so important, why don't researchers discuss the best way to do it? Is it simply acceptable to use raw Ct values? Relying solely on Ct values for viral load estimation can be problematic due to several reasons. First, Ct values can vary between different quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays, platforms, and laboratories, making it difficult to compare data across studies. Second, Ct values do not directly measure the quantity of viral particles in a sample and they can be influenced by various factors such as initial viral load, sample quality, and assay sensitivity. Moreover, variations in viral RNA extraction and reverse-transcription steps can further impact the accuracy of viral load estimation, emphasizing the need for careful interpretation of Ct values in viral load assessment. Interestingly, we did not observe scientific articles addressing different strategies to quantify viral load. The absence of standardized and validated methods impedes the implementation of viral load monitoring in clinical management. The variability in cell quantities within samples and the variation in viral particle numbers within infected cells further challenge accurate viral load measurement and interpretation. To advance the field and improve patient outcomes, there is an urgent need for the development and validation of tailored, standardized methods for precise viral load quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro Guterres
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Vice-Diretoria de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Badji A, Ndiaye M, Gaye A, Dieng I, Ndiaye EH, Dolgova AS, Mhamadi M, Diouf B, Dia I, Dedkov VG, Faye O, Diallo M. Detection of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus from Livestock Ticks in Northern, Central and Southern Senegal in 2021. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:317. [PMID: 37368735 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8060317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) occurs sporadically in Senegal, with a few human cases each year. This active circulation of CCHFV motivated this study which investigated different localities of Senegal to determine the diversity of tick species, tick infestation rates in livestock and livestock infections with CCHFV. The samples were collected in July 2021 from cattle, sheep and goats in different locations in Senegal. Tick samples were identified and pooled by species and sex for CCHFV detection via RT-PCR. A total of 6135 ticks belonging to 11 species and 4 genera were collected. The genus Hyalomma was the most abundant (54%), followed by Amblyomma (36.54%), Rhipicephalus (8.67%) and Boophilus (0.75%). The prevalence of tick infestation was 92%, 55% and 13% in cattle, sheep and goats, respectively. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) was detected in 54/1956 of the tested pools. The infection rate was higher in ticks collected from sheep (0.42/1000 infected ticks) than those from cattle (0.13/1000), while all ticks collected from goats were negative. This study confirmed the active circulation of CCHFV in ticks in Senegal and highlights their role in the maintenance of CCHFV. It is imperative to take effective measures to control tick infestation in livestock to prevent future CCHFV infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminata Badji
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
| | - Mignane Ndiaye
- Pôle de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
| | - Alioune Gaye
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
| | - Idrissa Dieng
- Pôle de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
| | - El Hadji Ndiaye
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
| | - Anna S Dolgova
- St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, St. Petersburg 190013, Russia
| | - Moufid Mhamadi
- Pôle de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
| | - Babacar Diouf
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
| | - Ibrahima Dia
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
| | - Vladimir G Dedkov
- St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, St. Petersburg 190013, Russia
| | - Oumar Faye
- Pôle de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
| | - Mawlouth Diallo
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
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Sadeghi H, Nikkhahi F, Maleki MR, Simiari A, Bakht M, Gholamzadeh Khoei S. Status of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in ticks in Iran: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2023:106153. [PMID: 37295483 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a re-emerging viral haemorrhagic fever causing outbreaks in Iran in the last 15 years. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the status of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in ticks would be evaluated. PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed original papers published between 2000 and 1 July 2022. We included papers that evaluated the prevalence of CCHFV in individual ticks using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The pooled prevalence of CCHFV was 6.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.5-7.9%), with heterogeneity (I2 = 82.706; P < 0.0001). The prevalence of CCHFV was higher related to regions with above sea level of 1001-1500 m (6.4%; 95% CI: 4.3-9.5%), an average temperature of ≤15 °C (8.3%; 95% CI: 5.6-12.0%), latitude of ≥36° (8.1%; 95% CI: 5.2-12.3%), an annual rainfall of 101-300 mm (9.8%; 95% CI: 6.1-15.4%) and humidity of ≥61% (10.2%; 95% CI: 5.1-19.3%). Due to the importance of CCHF, it is better to do new epidemiologic studies on ticks by related organizations and adjacent regions of some provinces in which human cases have been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sadeghi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Farhad Nikkhahi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Maleki
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Kowsar Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Aboutaleb Simiari
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Kowsar Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mehdi Bakht
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Kaygusuz TÖ, Tartar AS, Balin ŞÖ, Akbulut A, Demirdağ K. Predictive epidemiological, clinical and laboratory parameters in the diagnosis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Biomark Med 2023; 17:533-540. [PMID: 37791843 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to determine predictive parameters that can be used in the differential diagnosis of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) and other diseases with similar clinical and laboratory findings. Materials & methods: In this study, epidemiological, clinical and laboratory parameters of 107 CCHF-positive and 71 CCHF-negative patients were compared. Results: Alanine amino transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, red blood cell, hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly higher in CCHF-positive patients, whereas total and direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin time, international normalization ratio, white blood cell, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were higher in CCHF-negative patients. In binary logistic regression analysis, an increase in activated partial thromboplastin time level was identified as an independent predictor of having CCHF, while alanine amino transferase, white blood cell and C-reactive protein elevations were identified as independent predictors of not having CCHF. Conclusion: In endemic areas where PCR and serological tests are delayed, knowing the predictive parameters may be of vital importance in the early diagnosis of CCHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Türkkan Ö Kaygusuz
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ayşe S Tartar
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Şafak Ö Balin
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Akbulut
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Kutbeddin Demirdağ
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Abdelbaset AE, Kwak ML, Nonaka N, Nakao R. Human-biting ticks and zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in North Africa: diversity, distribution, and trans-Mediterranean public health challenges. One Health 2023; 16:100547. [PMID: 37363219 PMCID: PMC10288109 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
North Africa is home to more than 200 million people living across five developing economies (Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco) and two Spanish exclaves (Ceuta and Melilla), many of whom are impacted by ticks and tick-borne zoonoses. Populations in Europe are also increasingly vulnerable to North African ticks and tick-borne zoonoses due to a combination of climate change and the movement of ticks across the Mediterranean on migratory birds, human travellers, and trafficked wildlife. The human-biting ticks and tick-borne zoonoses in North Africa are reviewed along with their distribution in the region. We also assess present and future challenges associated with ticks and tick-borne zoonoses in North African and highlight opportunities for collaboration and coordination between governments in Europe and North Africa to address public health challenges posed by North African ticks and tick-borne zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelbaset Eweda Abdelbaset
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mackenzie L. Kwak
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Nariaki Nonaka
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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Scher G, Bente DA, Mears MC, Cajimat MNB, Schnell MJ. GP38 as a vaccine target for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:73. [PMID: 37210392 PMCID: PMC10199669 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne virus that causes severe hemorrhagic disease in humans. There is a great need for effective vaccines and therapeutics against CCHFV for humans, as none are currently internationally approved. Recently, a monoclonal antibody against the GP38 glycoprotein protected mice against lethal CCHFV challenge. To show that GP38 is required and sufficient for protection against CCHFV, we used three inactivated rhabdoviral-based CCHFV-M vaccines, with or without GP38 in the presence or absence of the other CCHFV glycoproteins. All three vaccines elicited strong antibody responses against the respective CCHFV glycoproteins. However, only vaccines containing GP38 showed protection against CCHFV challenge in mice; vaccines without GP38 were not protective. The results of this study establish the need for GP38 in vaccines targeting CCHFV-M and demonstrate the efficacy of a CCHFV vaccine candidate based on an established vector platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Scher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dennis A Bente
- Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Megan C Mears
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Maria N B Cajimat
- Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Matthias J Schnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Jefferson Vaccine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Nandi A, Solanki V, Tiwari V, Sajjanar B, Sankar M, Saini M, Shrivastava S, Bhure SK, Ghosh S. Protective Efficacy of Multiple Epitope-Based Vaccine against Hyalomma anatolicum, Vector of Theileria annulata and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040881. [PMID: 37112793 PMCID: PMC10143353 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyalomma anatolicum is the principal vector for Theileria annulata, T. equi, and T. Lestoquardi in animals and the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in humans. Due to the gradual loss of efficacy of the available acaricides against field tick populations, the development of phytoacaricides and vaccines has been considered the two most critical components of the integrated tick management strategies. In the present study, in order to induce both cellular and humoral immune responses in the host against H. anatolicum, two multi-epitopic peptides (MEPs), i.e., VT1 and VT2, were designed. The immune-stimulating potential of the constructs was determined by in silicoinvestigation on allergenicity (non-allergen, antigenic (0.46 and 1.0046)), physicochemical properties (instability index 27.18 and 35.46), as well as the interaction of constructs with TLRs by docking and molecular dynamics analysis. The immunization efficacy of the MEPs mixed with 8% MontanideTM gel 01 PR against H. anatolicum larvae was determined as 93.3% and 96.9% in VT1- and VT2-immunized rabbits, respectively. Against adults, the efficacy was 89.9% and 86.4% in VT1- and VT2-immunized rabbits, respectively. A significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4) and significantly higher IgG response was observed in a VT1-immunized group of rabbits as compared with the response observed in the control group. However, in the case of the VT2-immunized rabbits, an elevated anti-VT2 IgG and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-2) (>30 fold) along with a decreased level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 (0.75 times) was noted. The efficacy of MEP and its potential immune stimulatory responses indicate that it might be useful for tick management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Nandi
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Vandana Solanki
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Vishvanath Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Basavaraj Sajjanar
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Muthu Sankar
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Mohini Saini
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Sameer Shrivastava
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - S K Bhure
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Srikant Ghosh
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
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