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Cook CE, Keter D, Cade WT, Winkelstein BA, Reed WR. Manual therapy and exercise effects on inflammatory cytokines: a narrative overview. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2024; 5:1305925. [PMID: 38745971 PMCID: PMC11091266 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2024.1305925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Matching disease and treatment mechanisms is a goal of the Precision Medicine Initiative. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Transforming Growth Factor-beta, and Interleukin-2, 10, and 12) have gained a significant amount of interest in their potential role in persistent pain for musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. Manual therapy (MT) and exercise are two guideline-recommended approaches for treating MSK conditions. The objective of this narrative overview was to investigate of the effects of MT and exercise on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and determine the factors that lead to variability in results. Methods Two reviewers evaluated the direction and variabilities of MT and exercise literature. A red, yellow, and green light scoring system was used to define consistencies. Results Consistencies in responses were seen with acute and chronic exercise and both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Chronic exercise is associated with a consistent shift towards a more anti-inflammatory cytokine profile (Transforming Growth Factor-beta, and Interleukin-2 and 13, whereas acute bouts of intense exercise can transiently increase pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. The influence of MT on cytokines was less commonly studied and yielded more variable results. Conclusion Variability in findings is likely related to the subject and their baseline condition or disease, when measurement occurs, and the exercise intensity, duration, and an individual's overall health and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E. Cook
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Department of Orthopaedics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Damian Keter
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - William Todd Cade
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Department of Orthopaedics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Beth A. Winkelstein
- Departments of Bioengineering & Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William R. Reed
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Mosili P, Mkhize BC, Sibiya NH, Ngubane PS, Khathi A. Review of the direct and indirect effects of hyperglycemia on the HPA axis in T2DM and the co-occurrence of depression. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2024; 12:e003218. [PMID: 38413177 PMCID: PMC10900365 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia which is further associated with hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Several studies have shown that HPA axis hyperactivity is heightened in the chronic hyperglycemic state with severe hyperglycemic events more likely to result in a depressive disorder. The HPA axis is also regulated by the immune system. Upon stress, under homeostatic conditions, the immune system is activated via the sympatho-adrenal-medullary axis resulting in an immune response which secretes proinflammatory cytokines. These cytokines aid in the activation of the HPA axis during stress. However, in T2DM, where there is persistent hyperglycemia, the immune system is dysregulated resulting in the elevated concentrations of these cytokines. The HPA axis, already activated by the hyperglycemia, is further activated by the cytokines which all contribute to a diagnosis of depression in patients with T2DM. However, the onset of T2DM is often preceded by pre-diabetes, a reversible state of moderate hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Complications often seen in T2DM have been reported to begin in the pre-diabetic state. While the current management strategies have been shown to ameliorate the moderate hyperglycemic state and decrease the risk of developing T2DM, research is necessary for clinical studies to profile these direct effects of moderate hyperglycemia in pre-diabetes on the HPA axis and the indirect effects moderate hyperglycemia may have on the HPA axis by investigating the components of the immune system that play a role in regulating this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palesa Mosili
- Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Bongeka Cassandra Mkhize
- Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | | | - Phikelelani Sethu Ngubane
- Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Andile Khathi
- Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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Davis AB, Lloyd KR, Bollinger JL, Wohleb ES, Reyes TM. Adolescent high fat diet alters the transcriptional response of microglia in the prefrontal cortex in response to stressors in both male and female mice. Stress 2024; 27:2365864. [PMID: 38912878 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2024.2365864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Both obesity and high fat diets (HFD) have been associated with an increase in inflammatory gene expression within the brain. Microglia play an important role in early cortical development and may be responsive to HFD, particularly during sensitive windows, such as adolescence. We hypothesized that HFD during adolescence would increase proinflammatory gene expression in microglia at baseline and potentiate the microglial stress response. Two stressors were examined, a physiological stressor [lipopolysaccharide (LPS), IP] and a psychological stressor [15 min restraint (RST)]. From 3 to 7 weeks of age, male and female mice were fed standard control diet (SC, 20% energy from fat) or HFD (60% energy from fat). On P49, 1 h before sacrifice, mice were randomly assigned to either stressor exposure or control conditions. Microglia from the frontal cortex were enriched using a Percoll density gradient and isolated via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), followed by RNA expression analysis of 30 genes (27 target genes, three housekeeping genes) using Fluidigm, a medium throughput qPCR platform. We found that adolescent HFD induced sex-specific transcriptional response in cortical microglia, both at baseline and in response to a stressor. Contrary to our hypothesis, adolescent HFD did not potentiate the transcriptional response to stressors in males, but rather in some cases, resulted in a blunted or absent response to the stressor. This was most apparent in males treated with LPS. However, in females, potentiation of the LPS response was observed for select proinflammatory genes, including Tnfa and Socs3. Further, HFD increased the expression of Itgam, Ikbkb, and Apoe in cortical microglia of both sexes, while adrenergic receptor expression (Adrb1 and Adra2a) was changed in response to stressor exposure with no effect of diet. These data identify classes of genes that are uniquely affected by adolescent exposure to HFD and different stressor modalities in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyshia B Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kelsey R Lloyd
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Justin L Bollinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric S Wohleb
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Teresa M Reyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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4
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Fomicheva EE, Shanin SN, Filatenkova TA, Novikova NS, Dyatlova AS, Ishchenko AM, Serebryanaya NB. Correction of Behavioral Disorders and State of Microglia with Recombinant IL-1 Receptor Antagonist in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022050258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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5
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Zelek-Molik A, Bobula B, Gądek-Michalska A, Chorązka K, Bielawski A, Kuśmierczyk J, Siwiec M, Wilczkowski M, Hess G, Nalepa I. Psychosocial Crowding Stress-Induced Changes in Synaptic Transmission and Glutamate Receptor Expression in the Rat Frontal Cortex. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020294. [PMID: 33669305 PMCID: PMC7920072 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates how exposure to psychosocial crowding stress (CS) for 3, 7, and 14 days affects glutamate synapse functioning and signal transduction in the frontal cortex (FC) of rats. CS effects on synaptic activity were evaluated in FC slices of the primary motor cortex (M1) by measuring field potential (FP) amplitude, paired-pulse ratio (PPR), and long-term potentiation (LTP). Protein expression of GluA1, GluN2B mGluR1a/5, VGLUT1, and VGLUT2 was assessed in FC by western blot. The body’s response to CS was evaluated by measuring body weight and the plasma level of plasma corticosterone (CORT), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and interleukin 1 beta (IL1B). CS 3 14d increased FP and attenuated LTP in M1, while PPR was augmented in CS 14d. The expression of GluA1, GluN2B, and mGluR1a/5 was up-regulated in CS 3d and downregulated in CS 14d. VGLUTs expression tended to increase in CS 7d. The failure to blunt the effects of chronic CS on FP and LTP in M1 suggests the impairment of habituation mechanisms by psychosocial stressors. PPR augmented by chronic CS with increased VGLUTs level in the CS 7d indicates that prolonged CS exposure changed presynaptic signaling within the FC. The CS bidirectional profile of changes in glutamate receptors’ expression seems to be a common mechanism evoked by stress in the FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zelek-Molik
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (K.C.); (A.B.); (J.K.); (M.W.); (I.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-6623335
| | - Bartosz Bobula
- Department of Physiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (B.B.); (A.G.-M.); (M.S.); (G.H.)
| | - Anna Gądek-Michalska
- Department of Physiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (B.B.); (A.G.-M.); (M.S.); (G.H.)
| | - Katarzyna Chorązka
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (K.C.); (A.B.); (J.K.); (M.W.); (I.N.)
| | - Adam Bielawski
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (K.C.); (A.B.); (J.K.); (M.W.); (I.N.)
| | - Justyna Kuśmierczyk
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (K.C.); (A.B.); (J.K.); (M.W.); (I.N.)
| | - Marcin Siwiec
- Department of Physiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (B.B.); (A.G.-M.); (M.S.); (G.H.)
| | - Michał Wilczkowski
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (K.C.); (A.B.); (J.K.); (M.W.); (I.N.)
| | - Grzegorz Hess
- Department of Physiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (B.B.); (A.G.-M.); (M.S.); (G.H.)
| | - Irena Nalepa
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (K.C.); (A.B.); (J.K.); (M.W.); (I.N.)
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Johnson JD, Barnard DF, Kulp AC, Mehta DM. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Brain Cytokines After Psychological Stress. J Endocr Soc 2019; 3:1302-1320. [PMID: 31259292 PMCID: PMC6595533 DOI: 10.1210/js.2019-00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that stress-induced brain cytokines are important in the etiology of depression and anxiety. Here, we review how the neuroendocrine responses to psychological stressors affect the immediate and long-term regulation of inflammatory cytokines within the brain and highlight how the regulation changes across time with repeated stress exposure. In doing so, we report on the percentage of studies in the literature that observed increases in either IL-1β, TNF-α, or IL-6 within the hypothalamus, hippocampus, or prefrontal cortex after either acute or chronic stress exposure. The key takeaway is that catecholamines and glucocorticoids play critical roles in the regulation of brain cytokines after psychological stress exposure. Central catecholamines stimulate the release of IL-1β from microglia, which is a key factor in the further activation of microglia and recruitment of monocytes into the brain. Meanwhile, the acute elevation of glucocorticoids inhibits the production of brain cytokines via two mechanisms: the suppression of noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons and inhibition of the NFκB signaling pathway. However, glucocorticoids and peripheral catecholamines facilitate inflammatory responses to future stimuli by stimulating monocytes to leave the bone marrow, downregulating inhibitory receptors on microglia, and priming inflammatory responses mediated by peripheral monocytes or macrophages. The activation of microglia and the elevation of peripheral glucocorticoid and catecholamine levels are both necessary during times of stress exposure for the development of psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Johnson
- Kent State University, Biological Sciences Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent, Ohio
| | - David F Barnard
- Kent State University, Biological Sciences Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent, Ohio
| | - Adam C Kulp
- Kent State University, Biological Sciences Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent, Ohio
| | - Devanshi M Mehta
- Kent State University, Biological Sciences Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent, Ohio
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7
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Imipramine treatment reverses depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, normalize adrenocorticotropic hormone, and reduces interleukin-1β in the brain of rats subjected to experimental periapical lesion. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Coryell W, Wilcox H, Evans SJ, Pandey GN, Jones-Brando L, Dickerson F, Yolken R. Aggression, impulsivity and inflammatory markers as risk factors for suicidal behavior. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 106:38-42. [PMID: 30261413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased inflammatory markers have been linked to suicidal behavior in numerous studies. Measures of aggression and of impulsivity also comprise risks factors for suicidal behavior and there is evidence that inflammatory markers correlate with these traits. The following analyses compare suicide attempters and non-attempters to determine whether inflammatory markers mediate relationships between aggression or impulsivity and proclivities to suicidal behavior. METHODS Investigators at three academic centers recruited patients in major depressive episodes who had a history of two or more suicide attempts (n = 79), or who had no history of suicide attempts (n = 123). Analyses compared these groups by five inflammatory marker levels and by measures of aggression and of impulsivity. RESULTS These results did not confirm the hypotheses that cytokine levels would explain relationships between aggressive behavior and suicide attempt history. However, scores for aggressive behavior and for impulsivity were significantly higher among suicide attempters. One of five of the inflammatory markers, (IL-1β), distinguished the two groups with lower values in the suicide attempt group. IL-1β levels correlated inversely with measures of aggression but neither impulsivity or aggressive behavior appear to explain the association between IL-1β levels and suicide attempt status. CONCLUSION These results identify recent aggressive behavior, higher levels of impulsivity, and lower levels of IL-1β as risk factors for a history of multiple suicide attempts in a group suffering from major depressive episodes. These measures appear to be additive in their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, USA
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9
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Terzioglu-Usak S, Elibol B, Dalli T, Guler C, Aysan E. Effect of Restraint Stress on Plasma PTH Concentration and Its Molecular Targets Expressions in Wistar Rats. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2018; 16:e66979. [PMID: 30464774 PMCID: PMC6216602 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.66979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited numbers of experimental studies related to the potential role of parathormone/parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to psychological stress. In the current study, we aimed to cross-examine, for the first time, changes in PTH plasma concentration and the expression of its molecular targets mediated by restraint stress in rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 42) were separated into control and stressed groups. They were further divided into two groups that received chronic restraint stress (CRS) for 7 and 28 consecutive days (n = 7 for each group). Elevated plus maze and tail suspension test were used to determine the anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors of a different set of rats including stress and control groups (n = 7 for each group). The plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone, and intact parathormone (iPTH) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, alterations in the expressions of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), calcium sensing receptor (CaSR), and parathormone receptor (PTHR1) of kidney and total thyroid gland tissues were estimated by Western Blotting. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the plasma level of iPTH while significant increases in the levels of ACTH and corticosterone were noted in the stressed-animals at day 7 and 21 (P = 0.010 and P = 0.016, respectively) of restraint stress. However, we found a negative correlation between iPTH and corticosterone levels in acute restraint stress (r = 0.771, P = 0.002). In addition, the expression of PTHR1 significantly decreased in the kidney at day 7 (P = 0.001) and in the thyroid gland at day 28 (P = 0.05) in response to CRS. CONCLUSIONS To sum up, CRS has a significant effect on the expression of parathormone receptor rather than the iPTH concentration. The present results add a new dimension to stress research through the negative effect of chronic stress on the PTH signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sule Terzioglu-Usak
- Department of Medical Biology, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Corresponding Author: Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey. Tel: +90-5059378211, Fax: +90-3122107976,
| | - Birsen Elibol
- Department of Medical Biology, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Dalli
- Experimental Research Center, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cansu Guler
- Department of Patients Rights, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Addiction and Forensic Sciences, Forensic Psychology and Behavioural Evidence, Istanbul Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erhan Aysan
- Department of General Surgery, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul,Turkey
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Fuentes IM, Christianson JA. The Influence of Early Life Experience on Visceral Pain. Front Syst Neurosci 2018; 12:2. [PMID: 29434541 PMCID: PMC5790786 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2018.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is the most reported and troublesome symptom of nearly all functional disorders affecting the genitourinary and gastrointestinal organs. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS), vulvodynia, and/or chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS; collectively termed chronic pelvic pain syndromes) report pain severe enough to impact quality of life and often suffer from symptoms of or are diagnosed with more than one of these syndromes. This increased comorbidity between chronic pelvic pain syndromes, and with pain disorders of disparate body regions, as well as with mood disorders, can be influenced by disruptions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which regulates the response to stress and influences the perception of pain. Experiencing trauma, neglect, or abuse in early life can permanently affect the functioning of the HPA axis. As such, a significant proportion of patients suffering from comorbid chronic pelvic pain syndromes report a history of early life stress or trauma. Here we will report on how these early life experiences influence chronic pelvic pain in patients. We will also discuss various rodent models that have been developed to study this phenomenon to understand the mechanisms underlying HPA axis dysfunction, as well as potential underlying mechanisms connecting these syndromes to one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella M Fuentes
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Julie A Christianson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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Rueda MA. Depresión en la mujer. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Chronic social isolation in adaptation of HPA axis to heterotypic stress. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:1213-1223. [PMID: 29128802 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Axin1 up-regulated 1 accelerates stress-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:441-448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Iglesias-Osma MC, Blanco EJ, Carretero-Hernández M, García-Barrado MJ, Catalano-Iniesta L, Carretero M, Sánchez-Robledo V, Carretero J. Endothelial immunocytochemical expression of pituitary IL-1β and its relation to ACTH-positive cells is regulated by corticosterone in the male rat. Cytokine 2017; 99:9-17. [PMID: 28675823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a cytokine linking the neuroendocrine system and metabolic homeostasis. We have previously demonstrated the relevance of IL-1β for maintaining the pituitary ACTH-producing cells by immuno-blocking its effects in pituitary cultures. However, the morphological characteristics and the intimate relationship of the pituitary cells expressing IL-1β and ACTH remain unknown. For determining pituitary variations of immunoreactivity for IL-1β and its relation with ACTH-positive cells under stress situations, we performed an immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of IL-1β and ACTH in the pituitary gland of adult rats, in the absence or presence of corticosterone, by establishing different groups: untreated, sham-operated, and bilaterally adrenalectomized animals. In the rats subjected to surgery, the glucocorticoid was administered on the same day of the intervention and on the third day post-surgery. Interestingly, it was observed that IL-1β was located in the pituitary endothelial cells at the hypophyseal portal vessels, regardless of the treatment schedule. When comparing the pituitary immunoreactive surface to IL-1β expression without corticosterone, adrenalectomized animals displayed a significantly greater area than the sham-operated animals. Corticosterone significantly inhibited the effect of adrenalectomy depending on the time interval it was administered. By in situ hybridization, IL-1β mRNA expression was also correlated with immnunocytochemical expression of pituitary IL-1β. Our results demonstrate that IL-1β is a constitutive element in endothelial portal pituitary vessels and under stress experimental conditions IL-1β increases its expression and its relation with ACTH-positive cells, suggesting that IL-1β could participate in an autocrine-paracrine fashion thereby modulating the pituitary population of ACTH-positive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Iglesias-Osma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique J Blanco
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - María José García-Barrado
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Leonardo Catalano-Iniesta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Carretero
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Pontifical University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Virginia Sánchez-Robledo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Carretero
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain.
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Kusek M, Tokarska A, Siwiec M, Gadek-Michalska A, Szewczyk B, Hess G, Tokarski K. Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor Attenuates the Effects of Repeated Restraint Stress on Synaptic Transmission in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Rat Hypothalamus. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:127. [PMID: 28515682 PMCID: PMC5413825 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-synthesizing parvocellular neuroendocrine cells (PNCs) of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) play a key role in the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. Several studies have demonstrated that synaptic inputs to these cells may undergo stress-related enhancement but, on the other hand, it has been reported that exposition to the same stressor for prolonged time periods may induce a progressive reduction in the response of the HPA axis to homotypic stressors. In the present study rats were subjected to 10 min restraint sessions, repeated twice daily for 3 or 7 days. Miniature excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs and mIPSCs) were then recorded from PNCs in ex vivo hypothalamic slice preparations obtained 24 h after the last restraint. Restraint stress repeated over 3 days resulted in increased mean frequency and decreased rise time and decay time constant of mEPSCs, accompanied by a decrease in the excitability of PNCs, however, no such changes were evident in slices obtained from rats subjected to restraint over 7 days. There were no changes in mIPSCs after repeated restraint. Administration of the unspecific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) blocker Nω-Nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) before each restraint, repeated over 3 days, prevented the occurrence of an increase in mEPSC frequency. However, animals receiving L-NNA and subjected to repeated restraint had similar changes in PNCs membrane excitability and mEPSC kinetics as stressed rats not receiving L-NNA. Comparison of the effects of a single 10 min restraint session followed by either an immediate or delayed (24 h) decapitation revealed an increase in the mean mEPSC frequency and a decrease in the mean mIPSC frequency in slices prepared immediately after restraint, with no apparent effects when slice preparation was delayed by 24 h. These results demonstrate that restraint, lasting 10 min and repeated twice daily for 3 days, induces a selective and long-lasting enhancement of excitatory synaptic input onto PNCs, partially by a NOS-dependent mechanism, and reduces PNC excitability, whereas prolongation of repeated stress for up to 7 days results in an adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kusek
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of SciencesKraków, Poland
| | - Anna Tokarska
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian UniversityKraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Siwiec
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of SciencesKraków, Poland
| | - Anna Gadek-Michalska
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of SciencesKraków, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of SciencesKraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Hess
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of SciencesKraków, Poland.,Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian UniversityKraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Tokarski
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of SciencesKraków, Poland
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16
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Mukai K, Urai T, Asano K, Nakajima Y, Nakatani T. Evaluation of Effects of Topical Estradiol Benzoate Application on Cutaneous Wound Healing in Ovariectomized Female Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163560. [PMID: 27658263 PMCID: PMC5033238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen promotes cutaneous wound healing in ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. However, the effects of topical estrogen application on wounds remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of topical estrogen application on wounds with standard treatment methods. Eight-week-old C57BL/6J female mice underwent OVX and received two full-thickness wounds four weeks later. Mice were divided into three groups: topical estradiol benzoate (EB) (0.75 μg/g/day) wound treatment, subcutaneous estradiol (E2) pellets (0.05 mg, 21 days), and topical E2 (0.01 g/day) skin application. Wound healing was observed until day 14. Wound area ratios were significantly smaller in the topical EB wound treatment group than in the subcutaneous E2 pellet group on days 1–14 (p < 0.05) and topical E2 skin application group on days 1–9 (p < 0.05). Neutrophil and macrophage numbers were significantly smaller in the topical EB wound treatment group than in the subcutaneous E2 pellet and topical E2 skin application groups on day 7 (p < 0.05). Moreover, the number of new blood vessels and ratio of myofibroblasts were significantly larger in the topical EB wound treatment group than in the subcutaneous E2 pellet and topical E2 application skin groups on day 7 (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that the application of estrogen to wounds reduced inflammatory responses and promoted angiogenesis and wound contraction more than the two other standard treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Mukai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tamae Urai
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Graduate Course of Nursing Science, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kimi Asano
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Graduate Course of Nursing Science, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yukari Nakajima
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Graduate Course of Nursing Science, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshio Nakatani
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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17
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Gądek-Michalska A, Tadeusz J, Rachwalska P, Bugajski J. Psychosocial stress inhibits additional stress-induced hyperexpression of NO synthases and IL-1β in brain structures. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:1178-1196. [PMID: 27649096 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HIP) and hypothalamus (HT) during chronic crowding (CS) (psychosocial) and restraint (RS) (physico-psychological) stress. Adaptational changes of these stress mediators to a subsequent acute RS, in two models of chronic stress were investigated. METHODS Rats were crowded (24 in one cage) or restrained in metal tubes for 10min twice a day for 3, 7, and 14 consecutive days and decapitated. For determination of adaptational changes the chronically crowded and restrained rats 24h after the last stress session were subjected to a single 10min RS. The IL-1β, nNOS and iNOS protein levels in brain structures samples were analyzed by Western blot procedure. RESULTS Chronic CS for 3days did not markedly change the subsequent acute stress induced expression of nNOS, iNOS and IL-1β protein level in PFC and iNOS protein level in HT. CS markedly decreased the expression of nNOS, iNOS and IL-1β in HIP. By contrast, parallel chronic RS, significantly increased the subsequent acute stress-induced expression of iNOS and IL-1β in PFC and considerably increased iNOS level in HT. CONCLUSION Chronic psychosocial stress, may protect against possible harmful action of hyperproduction of iNOS and iNOS derived nitric oxide (NO) mainly in PFC and HIP. By contrast, chronic physico-psychosocial stress may strongly potentiate additional stress-induced harmful effects of NOS and IL-1β hyperproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gądek-Michalska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Physiology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna street 12, Poland.
| | - Joanna Tadeusz
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Physiology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna street 12, Poland
| | - Paulina Rachwalska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Physiology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna street 12, Poland
| | - Jan Bugajski
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Physiology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna street 12, Poland
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Abstract
The skin is an important extra-gonadal steroidogenic organ, capable of metabolizing various hormones from their precursors, as well as of synthesizing de novo a broad palette of sex steroids and glucocorticoids from cholesterol. In this manuscript, we review the major steroidogenic properties of human skin and we suggest steroidogenesis' impairment as a cardinal factor for various pathological conditions such as acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, and androgenic alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Nikolakis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Auenweg 38, 06847, Dessau, Germany.
| | | | - Theodora Kanaki
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Auenweg 38, 06847, Dessau, Germany
| | - Andrej Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Auenweg 38, 06847, Dessau, Germany
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Park SH, Sim YB, Kim SS, Lee JR, Sharma N, Suh HW. Effects of 5,7-dihroxytryptamine administered supraspinally or spinally on the blood glucose level in D-glucose-fed and immobilization stress models. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2016.1221854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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20
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Barichello T, Simões LR, Generoso JS, Sharin VS, Souza LB, Jornada LK, Dominguini D, Valvassori SS, Teixeira AL, Quevedo J. Depression-Like Adult Behaviors may be a Long-Term Result of Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis in Wistar Rats Infants. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2771-2778. [PMID: 27364961 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pneumococcal meningitis is a life-threatening infection of the central nervous system (CNS) with a high mortality rate. In addition to causing severe neurological sequelae infectious diseases of the CNS can play a significant role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study infant Wistar rats, postnatal day 11, received intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) either artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or a Streptococcus pneumoniae suspension to a concentration of 1 × 106 colony-forming units (CFU). 18 h later animals received antibiotic treatment as usual during 7 days. On postnatal day 46, the animals received imipramine intraperitoneal (i.p.) or sterile NaCl during 14 days (postnatal days 46-60). Then, on postnatal days 59-60 we evaluated the consumption of sweet food (an index of anhedonia). On postnatal day 60 the animals were submitted to the forced swimming task. 60 min after this task the animals were decapitated and the blood was collected to evaluate adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone. Immediately after blood collection the hippocampus was removed to evaluate brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). The meningitis group exhibited depressive-like behavior as evidenced by decreased sucrose intake and increased immobility time in the forced swimming task, and BDNF and GDNF decrease in the hippocampus. ACTH levels were increased in the blood. Imipramine treatment reversed depressive-like behaviors, re-established hippocampal BDNF and GDNF expression, and normalized ACTH levels in the blood. Here we demonstrate that meningitis during early life period can trigger depressive-like behavior in adult life of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Barichello
- Laboratory of Experimental Microbiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil. .,Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, Suite 3140, Houston, TX, 77054, USA. .,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Lutiana R Simões
- Laboratory of Experimental Microbiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S Generoso
- Laboratory of Experimental Microbiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Vladislav S Sharin
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lucas B Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Microbiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Luciano K Jornada
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Diogo Dominguini
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Samira S Valvassori
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Antônio Lucio Teixeira
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - João Quevedo
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.,Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, Suite 3140, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Freiman SV, Onufriev MV, Stepanichev MY, Moiseeva YV, Lazareva NA, Gulyaeva NV. The stress effects of a single injection of isotonic saline solution: systemic (blood) and central (frontal cortex and dorsal and ventral hippocampus). NEUROCHEM J+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712416020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Park SH, Kim SS, Lee JR, Sharma N, Suh HW. Depletion of norepinephrine of the central nervous system Down-regulates the blood glucose level in d-glucose-fed and restraint stress models. Neurosci Lett 2016; 620:121-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Souza Queiroz J, Marín Blasco I, Gagliano H, Daviu N, Gómez Román A, Belda X, Carrasco J, Rocha MC, Palermo Neto J, Armario A. Chlorella vulgaris reduces the impact of stress on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and brain c-fos expression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 65:1-8. [PMID: 26685709 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Predominantly emotional stressors activate a wide range of brain areas, as revealed by the expression of immediate early genes, such as c-fos. Chlorella vulgaris (CV) is considered a biological response modifier, as demonstrated by its protective activities against infections, tumors and stress. We evaluated the effect of acute pretreatment with CV on the peripheral and central responses to forced swimming stress in adult male rats. Pretreatment with CV produced a significant reduction of stress-related hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activation, demonstrated by decreased corticotrophin releasing factor gene expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and lower ACTH response. Hyperglycemia induced by the stressor was similarly reduced. This attenuated neuroendocrine response to stress occurred in parallel with a diminished c-fos expression in most evaluated areas, including the PVN. The data presented in this study reinforce the usefulness of CV to diminish the impact of stressors, by reducing the HPA response. Although our results suggest a central effect of CV, further studies are necessary to understand the precise mechanisms underpinning this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Souza Queiroz
- Institut de Neurociències and 'Red de Trastornos Adictivos' (RTA, Institute of Health Carlos III), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Neuroimmunomodulation research group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ignacio Marín Blasco
- Institut de Neurociències and 'Red de Trastornos Adictivos' (RTA, Institute of Health Carlos III), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Humberto Gagliano
- Institut de Neurociències and 'Red de Trastornos Adictivos' (RTA, Institute of Health Carlos III), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Nuria Daviu
- Institut de Neurociències and 'Red de Trastornos Adictivos' (RTA, Institute of Health Carlos III), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Almudena Gómez Román
- Institut de Neurociències and 'Red de Trastornos Adictivos' (RTA, Institute of Health Carlos III), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Belda
- Institut de Neurociències and 'Red de Trastornos Adictivos' (RTA, Institute of Health Carlos III), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Javier Carrasco
- Institut de Neurociències and 'Red de Trastornos Adictivos' (RTA, Institute of Health Carlos III), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Michelle C Rocha
- Laboratory of Farmacogenomics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás-UFG-Campus Jatai, Jataí-GO, Brazil
| | - João Palermo Neto
- Neuroimmunomodulation research group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Armario
- Institut de Neurociències and 'Red de Trastornos Adictivos' (RTA, Institute of Health Carlos III), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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24
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Xu YY, Ge JF, Qin G, Peng YN, Zhang CF, Liu XR, Liang LC, Wang ZZ, Chen FH, Li J. Acute, but not chronic, stress increased the plasma concentration and hypothalamic mRNA expression of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in rats. Neuropeptides 2015; 54:47-53. [PMID: 26297350 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1, a newly discovered satiety peptide, has recently been reported to be involved in the stress response. Stress-induced expression of nesfatin-1 has been reported and few studies focus on its expression in the hypothalamus, which is the center of the stress response. To test our hypothesis that peripheral and hypothalamic nesfatin-1 overexpression should play an important role in the stress response and the associated hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, acute stress (AS) was induced using water avoidance stress (WAS), and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was also induced using 3 consecutive weeks of 7 different stressors. The behavior of CUMS rats was evaluated by an open field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), and forced swimming test (FST). The activity of the HPA axis was detected by measurement of the plasma corticosterone concentration and hypothalamic mRNA expression of corticotropin-releasing-hormone (CRH). The plasma concentration and hypothalamic mRNA expression of nesfatin-1 were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, respectively. The results showed that both AS and CUMS increased the plasma corticosterone concentration and hypothalamic CRH mRNA expression. Depression-like behavior was induced in CUMS rats, as indicated by a decreased movement distance, frequency of rearing and grooming in the OFT, and sucrose preference index and increased immobility in the FST. Moreover, the AS rats showed increased plasma concentration and hypothalamic mRNA expression of nesfatin-1, which were positively correlated with the plasma corticosterone concentration and hypothalamic CRH expression, respectively. These results indicated that acute stress, but not chronic stress, increased the plasma concentration and hypothalamic mRNA expression of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China
| | - Jin-Fang Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China.
| | - Gan Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China
| | - Yao-Nan Peng
- The First Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China
| | - Chao-Feng Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China
| | - Xing-Rui Liu
- The First Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China
| | - Li-Chuan Liang
- The First Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China
| | - Zhong-Zheng Wang
- The First Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China
| | - Fei-Hu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China.
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China
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25
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Sharma N, Sim YB, Park SH, Kim SS, Lee JR, Jung JS, Suh HW. Effect of histamine receptors agonists or antagonists administered intracerebroventricularly and intrathecally on the blood glucose level in immobilization stress model. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2015.1092470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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26
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Sharma N, Sim YB, Park SH, Lim SM, Kim SS, Jung JS, Hong JS, Suh HW. Effect of sulfonylureas administered centrally on the blood glucose level in immobilization stress model. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 19:197-202. [PMID: 25954123 PMCID: PMC4422958 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.3.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonylureas are widely used as an antidiabetic drug. In the present study, the effects of sulfonylurea administered supraspinally on immobilization stress-induced blood glucose level were studied in ICR mice. Mice were once enforced into immobilization stress for 30 min and returned to the cage. The blood glucose level was measured 30, 60, and 120 min after immobilization stress initiation. We found that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection with 30 µg of glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride or tolazamide attenuated the increased blood glucose level induced by immobilization stress. Immobilization stress causes an elevation of the blood corticosterone and insulin levels. Sulfonylureas pretreated i.c.v. caused a further elevation of the blood corticosterone level when mice were forced into the stress. In addition, sulfonylureas pretreated i.c.v. alone caused an elevation of the plasma insulin level. Furthermore, immobilization stress-induced insulin level was reduced by i.c.v. pretreated sulfonylureas. Our results suggest that lowering effect of sulfonylureas administered supraspinally against immobilization stress-induced increase of the blood glucose level appears to be primarily mediated via elevation of the plasma insulin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Yun-Beom Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Su-Min Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Sung-Su Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Jun-Sub Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Hong
- Department of Physical Education, College of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Hong-Won Suh
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
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27
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Schmitz MK, Botte DA, Sotto MN, Borba EF, Bonfa E, de Mello SBV. Increased corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) expression in cutaneous lupus lesions. Lupus 2015; 24:854-61. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203315569335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) axis activation leads to the production of hormones, such as adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and the α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Data regarding the role of these hormones in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are scarce. In the present study we aim to evaluate the participation of this axis in the cutaneous involvement of SLE. Methods Seventeen SLE patients were clinically evaluated, and biopsies from affected and unaffected skin of these patients were compared with 17 healthy control individuals. Immunohistochemical analyses for CRH, ACTH, α-MSH, and MC-1R were performed, and the serum levels of α-MSH, IL-1, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were measured. Results The affected skin of the SLE patients exhibited higher CRH expression in the deep dermis compared to the skin of the controls ( p = 0.024), whereas the tissue expression of ACTH, cortisol, α-MSH and its receptor MC-1R were comparable in SLE patients and controls. Higher serum levels of IFN-γ ( p = 0.041), TNF-α ( p = 0.001) and IL-6 ( p = 0.049) were observed in SLE patients compared with controls, while α-MSH levels were similar in both groups. Conclusion The novel finding of elevated CRH expression solely in the affected skin deep dermis supports the notion of a cutaneous local dysfunction of the CRH-POMC axis in the pathogenesis of cutaneous SLE lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Schmitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D A Botte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M N Sotto
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E F Borba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - E Bonfa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S B V de Mello
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Gądek-Michalska A, Tadeusz J, Rachwalska P, Bugajski J. Cytokines, prostaglandins and nitric oxide in the regulation of stress-response systems. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:1655-62. [PMID: 24553014 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is accepted as one of the fundamental biological mechanisms that underlie major depression. This hyperactivity is caused by diminished feedback inhibition of glucocorticoid (GC)-induced reduction of HPA axis signaling and increased corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) secretion from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and extra-hypothalamic neurons. During chronic stress-induced inhibition of systemic feedback, cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels were significantly changed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus, both structures known to be deeply involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Cytokines secreted by both immune and non-immune cells can markedly affect neurotransmission within regulatory brain circuits related to the expression of emotions; cytokines may also induce hormonal changes similar to those observed following exposure to stress. Proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are implicated in the etiologies of clinical depression and anxiety disorders. Prolonged stress responses and cytokines impair neuronal plasticity and stimulation of neurotransmission. Exposure to acute stress and IL-1β markedly increased IL-1β levels in the PFC, hippocampus and hypothalamus, as well as overall HPA axis activity. Repeated stress sensitized the HPA axis response to IL-1β. Inflammatory responses in the brain contribute to cellular damage associated with neuropsychiatric diseases related to stress. Physical, psychological or combined-stress conditions evoke a proinflammatory response in the brain and other systems, characterized by a complex release of several inflammatory mediators including cytokines, prostanoids, nitric oxide (NO) and transcription factors. Induced CRH release involves IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α, for stimulation adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release from the anterior pituitary. NO also participates in signal transduction pathways that result in the release of corticosterone from the adrenal gland. NO participates in multiple interactions between neuroendocrine and neuroimmune systems in physiological and pathological processes. Neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) modulates learning and memory and is involved in development of neuropsychiatric diseases, including depression. Nitric oxide generated in response to stress exposure is associated with depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors. In the central nervous system (CNS), prostaglandins (PG) generated by the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme are involved in the regulation of HPA axis activity. Prior exposure to chronic stress alters constitutive (COX-1) and inducible (COX-2) cyclooxygenase responses to homotypic stress differently in the PFC, hippocampus and hypothalamus. Both PG and NO generated within the PVN participate in this modulation. Acute stress affects the functionality of COX/PG and NOS/NO systems in brain structures. The complex responses of central and peripheral pathways to acute and chronic stress involve cytokines, NO and PG systems that regulate and turn off responses that would be potentially harmful for cellular homeostasis and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gądek-Michalska
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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Liu J, Buisman-Pijlman F, Hutchinson MR. Toll-like receptor 4: innate immune regulator of neuroimmune and neuroendocrine interactions in stress and major depressive disorder. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:309. [PMID: 25324715 PMCID: PMC4179746 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) poses one of the highest disease burdens worldwide. Yet, current treatments targeting serotonergic and noradrenaline reuptake systems are insufficient to provide long-term relief from depressive symptoms in most patients, indicating the need for new treatment targets. Having the ability to influence behavior similar to depressive symptoms, as well as communicate with neuronal and neuroendocrine systems, the innate immune system is a strong candidate for MDD treatments. Given the complex nature of immune signaling, the main question becomes: What is the role of the innate immune system in MDD? The current review presents evidence that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), via driving both peripheral and central immune responses, can interact with serotonergic neurotransmission and cause neuroendocrine disturbances, thus integrating with widely observed hallmarks of MDD. Additionally, through describing the multi-directional communication between immune, neural and endocrine systems in stress, TLR4—related mechanisms can mediate stress-induced adaptations, which are necessary for the development of MDD. Therefore, apart from exogenous pathogenic mechanisms, TLR4 is involved in immune changes as a result of endogenous stress signals, playing an integral part in the pathophysiology, and could be a potential target for pharmacological treatments to improve current interventions for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaJun Liu
- Neuroimmunopharmacology Group, Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Femke Buisman-Pijlman
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Neuroimmunopharmacology Group, Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Bobula B, Sowa J, Hess G. Anti-interleukin-1β antibody prevents the occurrence of repeated restraint stress-induced alterations in synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation in the rat frontal cortex. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 67:123-8. [PMID: 25560585 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of the influence of prolonged stress on glutamatergic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the cerebral cortex remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine an involvement of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the effects of repeated restraint stress on excitatory synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the rat frontal cortex. METHODS The effects of restraint stress lasting for 10 min, repeated twice daily for 3 consecutive days were studied ex vivo in the rat frontal cortex slices prepared 24h after the last stress session. Rats received intraperitoneal injections of interleukin-1β antibody. In a separate experimental group, rats received injections of IL-1β. Field potentials were recorded in the cortical layer II/III. RESULTS In slices originating from stressed animals, the amplitude of field potentials was increased. Consistent with the previous studies, restraint stress resulted in a reduced magnitude of LTP. Similar effects were evident after administration of IL-1β. Stress-induced modifications of the glutamatergic transmission and synaptic plasticity were prevented by interleukin-1β antibody, which was administered 15 min before each restraint session. CONCLUSIONS These data point to an involvement of peripherally produced IL-1β in mediating the influence of repeated restraint stress on the functions of the frontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Bobula
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Joanna Sowa
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Hess
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland; Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Gądek-Michalska A, Spyrka J, Rachwalska P, Tadeusz J, Bugajski J. Influence of chronic stress on brain corticosteroid receptors and HPA axis activity. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:1163-75. [PMID: 24399712 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of the glucocorticoid negative feedback system evoked in animals by chronic stress can be induced by downregulation of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in several brain regions. In the present study, the dynamics of the changes in GRs, in brain structures involved in stress reactions, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus was compared with the peripheral hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis hormones response to chronic stress. METHODS Rats were exposed to 10 min restraint or restrained twice a day for 3, 7 or 14 days, and 24 h after the last stress session exposed to homotypic stress for 10 min. Control rats were not restrained. After rapid decapitation at 0, 1, 2, and 3 h after stress termination, trunk blood for plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone determinations was collected and prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus were excised and frozen. Plasma hormones were determined using commercially available kits and glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids protein levels in brain structure samples were determined by western blot procedure. RESULTS Restraint stress alone significantly decreased glucocorticoid receptor (GR) level in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and increased mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) level in hypothalamus. Prior repeated stress for 3 days significantly increased GR protein level in hippocampus and diminished that level in hypothalamus in 7 days stressed rats. Acute stress-induced strong increase in plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels decreased to control level after 1 or 2 h, respectively. Prior repeated stress for 3 days markedly diminished the fall in plasma ACTH level and repeated stress for 7 days moderately deepened this decrease. Plasma ACTH level induced by homotypic stress in rats exposed to restraint for 3, 7, and 14 days did not markedly differ from its control level, whereas plasma corticosterone response was significantly diminished. The fast decrease of stress-induced high plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels was accompanied by a parallel decline of GR level only in prefrontal cortex but not in the hippocampus or hypothalamus. CONCLUSIONS Comparison of the dynamics of changes in plasma ACTH and corticosterone level with respective alterations in GR and MR in brain structures suggests that the buffering effect of repeated stress depends on the period of habituation to stress and the brain structure involved in regulation of these stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gądek-Michalska
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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Kang YJ, Sim YB, Park SH, Sharma N, Suh HW. Involvement of α(2)-adrenergic receptor in the regulation of the blood glucose level induced by immobilization stress. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:921-9. [PMID: 24993869 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The blood glucose profiles were characterized after mice were forced into immobilization stress with various exposure durations. The blood glucose level was significantly enhanced by immobilization stress for 30 min or 1 h, respectively. On the other hand, the blood glucose level was not affected in the groups which were forced into immobilization stress for 2 or 4 h. We further examined the effect of yohimbine (an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist) administered systemically or centrally in the immobilization stress model. Mice were pretreated intraperitoneally (i.p.; from 0.5 to 5 mg/kg), intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.; from 1 to 10 µg/5 µl), or intrathecally (i.t.; from 1 to 10 µg/5 µl) with yohimbine for 10 min and then, forced into immobilization stress for 30 min. The blood glucose level was measured right after immobilization stress. We found that up-regulation of the blood glucose level induced by immobilization stress was abolished by i.p. pretreatment with yohimbine. And the immobilization stress-induced blood glucose level was not inhibited by i.c.v. or i.t. pretreatment with yohimbine at a lower dose (1 µg/5 µl). However, immobilization stress-induced blood glucose level was significantly inhibited by i.c.v. or i.t. pretreatment with yohimbine at higher doses (5 and 10 µg/5 µl). In addition, the i.p. (5 mg/kg), i.c.v. (10 µg/5 µl), or i.t. (10 µg/5 µl) pretreatment with yohimbine reduced hypothalamic glucose transporter 4 expression. The involvement of α2-adrenergic receptor in regulation of immobilization stress- induced blood glucose level was further confirmed by the i.p, i.c.v, or i.t pretreatment with idazoxan, another specific α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Finally, i.p., i.c.v., or i.t. pretreatment with yohimbine attenuated the blood glucose level in D-glucose-fed model. We suggest that α2-adrenergic receptors located at the peripheral, the brain and the spinal cord play important roles in the up-regulation of the blood glucose level in immobilization stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jung Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, 200-702, Gangwon-do, South Korea
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Wright L, Simpson W, Van Lieshout RJ, Steiner M. Depression and cardiovascular disease in women: is there a common immunological basis? A theoretical synthesis. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 8:56-69. [DOI: 10.1177/1753944714521671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have established an inherent comorbidity between depression and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, this comorbidity seems to be more amplified in women than in men. To further investigate this comorbidity, a thorough literature review was conducted on studies from 1992 to date. The PubMed database was accessed using the keywords: cardiovascular disease, inflammation, depression, and sex differences. Both human and animal studies were considered. This review takes the standpoint that depression and CVD are both inflammatory disorders, and that their co-occurrence may be related to how the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, serotonergic transmission and circulation, and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system via angiotensin II are affected by the excess secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. More recently, preliminary research attributes this systemic inflammation to a global deficiency in CD4+CD25+FOXP3 regulatory T cells. 17-β estradiol and progesterone mediated modulation of cytokine secretion may partially explain the sex differences observed. These hormones and reproductive events associated with hormonal fluctuations are discussed in depth, including the analysis of perinatal models of depression and CVD, including preeclampsia. However, as evidenced by this review, there is a need for mechanistic research in humans to truly understand the nature and directionality of the relationship between depression and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Wright
- MiNDS Neuroscience Program, McMaster University, Canada and Women’s Health Concerns Clinic, St Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - William Simpson
- MiNDS Neuroscience Program, McMaster University, Canada and Women’s Health Concerns Clinic, St Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan J. Van Lieshout
- MiNDS Neuroscience Program, McMaster University, Canada and Women’s Health Concerns Clinic, St Joseph’s Healthcare, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Meir Steiner
- MiNDS Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Canada and Women’s Health Concerns Clinic, St Joseph’s Healthcare, 301 James Street South, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8P 3B6
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Serum lipid peroxidation markers are correlated with those in brain samples in different stress models. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2014; 26:51-7. [PMID: 25142100 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2013.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stress can stimulate increased production of oxygen radicals. We investigated the correlations between serum levels of lipid peroxidation markers and those in brain samples in different stress models. METHODS Animals (n = 96) were divided equally into eight groups: a control group and groups treated with vitamin E (Vit E); exposed to immobilisation stress; exposed to immobilisation stress and treated with Vit E; exposed to cold stress; exposed to cold stress and treated with Vit E; exposed to both immobilisation and cold stress; and a final group exposed to both immobilisation and cold stress and treated with Vit E. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) in brain samples and levels of TBARS, corticosterone, conjugated dienes (CD), lipids, and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity in serum were analysed. RESULTS Serum corticosterone (p < 0.001), CD (p < 0.05), lipid (p < 0.05) levels, and brain TBARS (p < 0.05) levels were significantly higher in all stress groups than in controls, and the elevated levels were reversed in the Vit E-treated stress groups (p < 0.05). Serum PON1 activity was not different among the groups (p > 0.05). Serum TBARS levels increased significantly in all stress groups (p < 0.05), but this elevation was only reversed in the group exposed to both immobilisation and cold stress and treated with Vit E (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These results suggest that serum levels of lipid peroxidation markers can be determined readily and may be useful as indicators to evaluate the effects of oxidative stress in the brain.
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Slominski A, Zbytek B, Nikolakis G, Manna PR, Skobowiat C, Zmijewski M, Li W, Janjetovic Z, Postlethwaite A, Zouboulis CC, Tuckey RC. Steroidogenesis in the skin: implications for local immune functions. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:107-23. [PMID: 23435015 PMCID: PMC3674137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The skin has developed a hierarchy of systems that encompasses the skin immune and local steroidogenic activities in order to protect the body against the external environment and biological factors and to maintain local homeostasis. Most recently it has been established that skin cells contain the entire biochemical apparatus necessary for production of glucocorticoids, androgens and estrogens either from precursors of systemic origin or, alternatively, through the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone and its subsequent transformation to biologically active steroids. Examples of these products are corticosterone, cortisol, testosterone, dihydrotesterone and estradiol. Their local production can be regulated by locally produced corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or cytokines. Furthermore the production of glucocorticoids is affected by ultraviolet B radiation. The level of production and nature of the final steroid products are dependent on the cell type or cutaneous compartment, e.g., epidermis, dermis, adnexal structures or adipose tissue. Locally produced glucocorticoids, androgens and estrogens affect functions of the epidermis and adnexal structures as well as local immune activity. Malfunction of these steroidogenic activities can lead to inflammatory disorders or autoimmune diseases. The cutaneous steroidogenic system can also have systemic effects, which are emphasized by significant skin contribution to circulating androgens and/or estrogens. Furthermore, local activity of CYP11A1 can produce novel 7Δ-steroids and secosteroids that are biologically active. Therefore, modulation of local steroidogenic activity may serve as a new therapeutic approach for treatment of inflammatory disorders, autoimmune processes or other skin disorders. In conclusion, the skin can be defined as an independent steroidogenic organ, whose activity can affect its functions and the development of local or systemic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'CSR 2013'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Slominski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Saracoglu KT, Saracoglu A, Umuroglu T, Ugurlu MU, Deniz M, Gogus FY. The preventive effect of dopamine infusion in rats with abdominal compartment syndrome. J INVEST SURG 2013; 26:334-9. [PMID: 23957751 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2013.808289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most significant perfusion disorder of the intra-abdominal viscera occurs in the abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). Free oxygen radicals diffuse into the body during the reperfusion phase of ACS. Our aim was to determine the effects of dopamine infusion (3 μg/kg/min) on renal perfusion, cytokine levels, free oxygen radicals, and renal histopathological changes in the presence of ACS in a prospective randomized manner. METHODS Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6). Group 1 was used as control. In group 2, air was inflated until the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) reached 20 mmHg. In group 3, dopamine was infused for 60 min meanwhile IAP was kept at 20 mmHg. In group 4, dopamine was infused for 60 min before IAP rise. After this phase, renal artery (RA) perfusion was measured continuously. Myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels were measured in tissue samples and histopathological scoring was performed. RESULTS Dopamine treatment before and during ACS significantly decreased MPO and MDA levels and also increased renal blood flow and GSH levels. However, histopathological damage was improved simultaneously. CONCLUSION Dopamine infusion before and during ACS, increases renal perfusion and decreases free oxygen radicals. According to our findings, dopamine infusion may be proposed for the treatment of ACS and perfusion disorders in critically ill patients.
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McQuaid RJ, Audet MC, Jacobson-Pick S, Anisman H. Environmental enrichment influences brain cytokine variations elicited by social defeat in mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013. [PMID: 23177512 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment may protect against some of the adverse behavioural and biological effects of stressors. However, unlike the effects seen in some species, among male mice housed in groups, enrichment may alter social stability, encourage competition and aggression, and thus promote the establishment of a stressful environment. A potent psychosocial stressor such as social defeat in mice promotes brain neurochemical changes as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine variations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. The present investigation demonstrated that enrichment in group-housed male mice, even in the relatively nonaggressive, although highly anxious BALB/cByJ strain encouraged the effects of a repeated social defeat stressor experienced 4 weeks later, especially with respect to corticosterone as well as hippocampal corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and interleukin (IL)-6 variations. Moreover, within the hippocampus, enrichment itself was accompanied by modest reductions in the expression of the IL-1β receptor (IL-1r1). Thus, it seems that living in an enriched environment among group-housed male mice might promote a stressful environment that enhances basal hippocampal CRH and cytokine variations and increased vulnerability to further changes upon subsequent exposure to a social stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J McQuaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Gądek-Michalska A, Tadeusz J, Rachwalska P, Spyrka J, Bugajski J. Effect of repeated restraint on homotypic stress-induced nitric oxide synthases expression in brain structures regulating HPA axis. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:1381-90. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Brain nitric oxide synthases in the interleukin-1β-induced activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:1455-65. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Effect of co-treatment with fluoxetine or mirtazapine and risperidone on the active behaviors and plasma corticosterone concentration in rats subjected to the forced swim test. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:1391-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tourjman V, Koué MÈ, Kouassi E, Potvin S. <i>In vivo</i> immunomodulatory effects of antipsychotics on inflammatory mediators: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2012.324072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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