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Thompson R, Brown L, Biswas Evans R, Mahbub R, Rees A, Wilson M, Dewa LH, Ward H, Toledano MB. Change, Adversity, and Adaptation: Young People's Experience of the COVID-19 Pandemic Expressed through Artwork and Semi-Structured Interviews. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:636. [PMID: 38791850 PMCID: PMC11121572 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
This study explores how young people's mental health was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic using artwork and semi-structured interviews. The mental health impacts of the pandemic are important to understand so that policy and practice professionals can support those affected, prepare and respond to future crises, and support young people who are isolated and restricted in other contexts. Co-designed participatory art workshops and interviews were conducted with 16-18-year-olds (n = 21, 62% female) from the London-based Longitudinal cohort Study of Cognition, Adolescents and Mobile Phones (SCAMP). Artworks and interview transcripts were qualitatively co-and analysed with young people. From interviews, six themes were identified: adaptation, restriction, change, challenges, overcoming adversity, and lockdown life. From the artwork, four themes were identified: trapped, negative mental wellbeing, positive emotions, and technology. Everyday factors such as home environment, social support, hobbies, habits, and online education were key determinants of how challenged and restricted participants felt, and their capacity to overcome this. This demonstrates the importance of wider (social and environmental) determinants and supports a systems-level public health approach to young people's mental health. For example, young people's mental health services should collaborate with other sectors to address such determinants in a holistic way. Clearer guidance and support with occupation, relationships, environment, routine and activities could mitigate the negative mental health impacts of major environmental changes on young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Thompson
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK; (R.T.); (H.W.)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), School for Public Health Research (SPHR), London, UK
- Medical Research Centre (MRC)—Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Lucy Brown
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK; (R.T.); (H.W.)
- Medical Research Centre (MRC)—Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Rakhi Biswas Evans
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK; (R.T.); (H.W.)
- Medical Research Centre (MRC)—Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | | | - Amelia Rees
- Public Contributor, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Molly Wilson
- Independent Consultant, London, UK;
- The Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, London NW3 3HY, UK
| | - Lindsay H. Dewa
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK; (R.T.); (H.W.)
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Helen Ward
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK; (R.T.); (H.W.)
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North West London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mireille B. Toledano
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK; (R.T.); (H.W.)
- Medical Research Centre (MRC)—Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
- Mohn Centre for Children’s Health and Wellbeing, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Environmental Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
- NIHR HPRU in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
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Koda M, Horinouchi T, Oya N, Aki M, Iriki A, Yoshida K, Ogawa Y, Kuga H, Nakao T. Effectiveness of psychological first aid in infectious disease pandemics: An overview of systematic reviews. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2023; 2:e107. [PMID: 38868135 PMCID: PMC11114278 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
There is insufficient research on the usefulness of psychological interventions, such as psychological first aid (PFA), during outbreaks. We searched for and critically appraised systematic reviews that examined the effectiveness of PFA during infectious disease outbreaks, such as the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Systematic reviews that examined the efficacy of PFA in the severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Ebola virus disease, and COVID-19 outbreaks were searched through PubMed on February 19, 2021. The three included systematic reviews were critically appraised and assessed using AMSTAR-2. One review's overall confidence in its findings was evaluated as "high," which suggested that PFA training had a favorable effect on healthcare personnel. Furthermore, the review also demonstrated that PFA was commonly used during outbreaks and could be delivered through multiple methods, such as a phone or video call. Although it was anticipated that PFA would improve subjective well-being, reports showed no evidence of reduced depression or insomnia. Future studies should examine additional numbers of PFA recipients and conduct quasi-experimental studies to better understand the effectiveness of PFA. Evidence on its effectiveness in infectious disease outbreaks is still lacking, along with research and evaluation methods. Quasi-experimental studies, such as comparisons with other psychological interventions, are required to better understand the effectiveness of PFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Koda
- Co‐Learning Community Healthcare Re‐Innovation OfficeGraduate School of MedicineOkayamaJapan
| | - Toru Horinouchi
- Department of PsychiatryHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineHokkaidoJapan
| | - Nozomu Oya
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Morio Aki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | | | - Kazufumi Yoshida
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public HealthKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yusuke Ogawa
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, School of Public Health in the Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Hironori Kuga
- National Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and ResearchNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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Park H, Lee KS. The association mental health of adolescents with economic impact during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 2020 Korean nationally representative survey. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:853. [PMID: 37170252 PMCID: PMC10172067 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has affected innumerable aspects of life, including education, economy, and religion. Economic problems and inequality are associated with poor mental health in adolescents. This study aimed to identify the relationship between economic damage to families due to COVID-19 and various mental health problems in Korean adolescents and to evaluate the risk factors of mental health. METHODS In total, 54,948 Korean adolescent students from 398 middle and 395 high schools were surveyed between August and November 2020. Complex sample logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for depression and suicidal ideation, respectively. A generalized linear model analysis was used to examine the association between mental health (unhappiness, loneliness, and stress) and the economic impact of COVID-19. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, school grade, perceived academic achievement, perceived family economic status, and economic support. RESULTS The ORs of depression (OR = 1.77, 95% CI:1.57-2.00), suicidal ideation (OR = 2.14, 95% CI:1.84-2.50), unhappiness (OR = 1.51 95% CI 1.42-1.60) and lonely (OR = 1.38 95% CI 1.27-1.49) for the low level of perceived family economic status was higher compared to middle level. Adolescents who experienced economic deterioration in their households as COVID-19 showed a higher risk of depression (OR = 1.42, 95% CI:1.35-1.49), suicide ideation (OR = 1.36, 95% CI:1.28-1.44), unhappiness (OR = 2.23 95% CI 2.19-2.27), lonely (OR = 1.20 95% CI 1.17-1.22), and stress (OR = 1.14 95% CI 1.12-1.16) than those who did not. CONCLUSIONS The findings revealed an association between the decline in household economic status due to COVID-19 and mental health problems, such as stress, loneliness, suicidal ideation, depression, and unhappiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanul Park
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Sook Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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Jamil A, Syed J, Kanwal S, Ain QU, Namroz N, Gul A, Jamil A. Loneliness and mental health related impacts of COVID-19: a narrative review. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2023; 35:21-30. [PMID: 36126342 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2022-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness is the one of the common phase experienced during COVID-19 pandemic. It has impacted mental health of all ages specifically children and adolescents. The aim of this review was to assess level of loneliness and mental health related impacts of COVID-19 among both; children and adolescents. For this literature review, two independent reviewers searched articles on Cochrane library, MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Science-direct. Both MeSH terms and free text terms were used for search purposes between December 01, 2019 and December 30, 2021. A total of 14 studies met inclusion criteria and of these, 8 studies were related to mental health related impacts of COVID-19 pandemic whereas 6 studies involved both aspects i.e. loneliness and mental health among children and adolescents. One study was qualitative, one interventional, and remaining 12 were cross-sectional surveys. The findings of this review suggest an increase in level of loneliness and mental health related impacts during COVID-19 pandemic among children and adolescents. Loneliness, social distancing and internet usage therefore re strongly correlated with mental health related issues including stress, anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Jamil
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jaweria Syed
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Areej Gul
- Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aniqa Jamil
- Department of Public Health, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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A Creative and Movement-Based Blended Intervention for Children in Outpatient Residential Care: A Mixed-Method, Multi-Center, Single-Arm Feasibility Trial. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020207. [PMID: 36832336 PMCID: PMC9954900 DOI: 10.3390/children10020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to psychological distress among children and adolescents. Due to multiple psychosocial burdens, the youth in residential care were especially exposed to an increased risk of mental health problems during the pandemic. In a multi-center, single-arm feasibility trial, N = 45 children and adolescents aged 7-14 years were allocated to a 6-week blended care intervention, conducted in six outpatient residential child welfare facilities. The intervention covered a once weekly face-to-face group session for guided creative (art therapy, drama therapy) and movement-oriented (children's yoga, nature therapy) activities. This was accompanied by a resilience-oriented mental-health app. Feasibility and acceptance analyses covered app usage data and qualitative data. Effectiveness was determined by pre-post comparisons in quantitative data on psychological symptoms and resources. Further, subgroups for poorer treatment outcome were explored. The intervention and app were considered to be feasible and were accepted by residential staff and the children. No significant pre-post changes were found across quantitative outcomes. However, being female, being in current psychosocial crisis, a migration background, or a mentally ill parent were correlated with change in score of outcomes from baseline. These preliminary findings pave the way for future research on blended care interventions among at-risk children and adolescents.
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Le Vu MN, Do AL, Boyer L, Tran QC, Kohler S, Ahmed SI, Molnar A, Vu TS, Vo NTH, Nguyen LMV, Vu LG, Dam VAT, Duong T, Do DLN, Do NM, Mclntyre RS, Latkin C, Ho RCM, Ho CSH. A Review of the Effectiveness, Feasibility, and Acceptability of Art Therapy for Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811612. [PMID: 36141885 PMCID: PMC9517402 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Art therapy has been widely offered to reduce symptoms of psychological disturbance. Pooled evidence about its effectiveness in epidemic contexts, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, has not been yet established. This study reviewed the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of art therapy on children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and past epidemics. We searched PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, CENTRAL (Cochrane Library), and CINAHL for articles on art therapy during COVID-19. Included studies reported improvements in measures of mental health, sleep quality, and psychological well-being in children with or without disabilities in the epidemic context. Results also showed that art therapy was highly feasible and accepted by children and adolescents as well as their families during epidemics in reviewed studies. Art therapy can be effective at improving various aspects of mental health, sleep quality, and psychological well-being. More empirical evidence is needed with larger sample sizes and longer duration of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Ngoc Le Vu
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Anh Linh Do
- Institute of Health Economics and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Aix Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Quy Chi Tran
- High School for Gifted Students, Hanoi University of Science, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Stefan Kohler
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Andreea Molnar
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, School of Software and Electrical Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Tung Son Vu
- Institute of Health Economics and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Linh Gia Vu
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Vu Anh Trong Dam
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Thomy Duong
- Institute of Health Economics and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | | | - Ngoc Minh Do
- Vinschool Education System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Roger S. Mclntyre
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Carl Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Roger Chun Man Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Cyrus Su Hui Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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7
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Lekagul A, Piancharoen P, Chattong A, Suradom C, Tangcharoensathien V. Living through the psychological consequences of COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review of effective mitigating interventions. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060804. [PMID: 35882462 PMCID: PMC9329730 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review assesses interventions and their effectiveness in mitigating psychological consequences from pandemic. METHOD Published English literatures were searched from four databases (Medline, PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO) from January 2020 and September 2021. A total of 27 papers with 29 studies (one paper reported three studies) met inclusion criteria. Cochrane risk-of-bias tool is applied to assess the quality of all randomised controlled trials (RCT). RESULTS All studies were recently conducted in 2020. Publications were from high-income (13, 44.8%), upper middle-income (12, 41.4%) and lower middle-income countries (3, 10.3%) and global (1, 3.5%). Half of the studies conducted for general population (51.7%). One-third of studies (8, 27.6%) provided interventions to patients with COVID-19 and 20.7% to healthcare workers. Of the 29 studies, 14 (48.3%) were RCT. All RCTs were assessed for risk of biases; five studies (15, 35.7%) had low risk as measured against all six dimensions reflecting high-quality study.Of these 29 studies, 26 diagnostic or screening measures were applied; 8 (30.9%) for anxiety, 7 (26.9%) for depression, 5 (19.2%) for stress, 5 (19.2%) for insomnia and 1 (3.8%) for suicide. Measures used to assess the baseline and outcomes of interventions were standardised and widely applied by other studies with high level of reliability and validity. Of 11 RCT studies, 10 (90.9%) showed that anxiety interventions significantly lowered anxiety in intervention groups. Five of the six RCT studies (83.3%) had significantly reduced the level of depression. Most interventions for anxiety and stress were mindfulness and meditation based. CONCLUSIONS Results from RCT studies (11%, 78.6%) were effective in mitigating psychological consequences from COVID-19 pandemic when applied to healthcare workers, patients with COVID-19 and general population. These effective interventions can be applied and scaled up in other country settings through adaptation of modes of delivery suitable to country resources, pandemic and health system context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angkana Lekagul
- International Health Policy Program, Amphur Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Anamika Chattong
- International Health Policy Program, Amphur Muang, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Chawisa Suradom
- Psychiatry, Chiang Mai University Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Musa S, Dergaa I. A Narrative Review on Prevention and Early Intervention of Challenging Behaviors in Children with a Special Emphasis on COVID-19 Times. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1559-1571. [PMID: 35769177 PMCID: PMC9234312 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s354428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 and the measures stemming from efforts to control it have affected the psychosocial wellbeing of children and adolescents. The increasing trend of challenging behavior has exerted further pressure on parents and schools. Understanding socioemotional development and interrelating triggers is the key to management. Early interventions prevent the future threat of mental illness and risky acts. Effective strategies are ones that primarily focus on strengthening parent-child interactions. Aim The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on the (i) psychosocial and behavioral impacts of COVID-19 on children/adolescents and (ii) approaches to identify determinants of challenging behaviors as a principal guide to effective interventional strategies for children and their families. Methodology Electronic database searches of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Medline, and Scopus were conducted to identify studies meeting the inclusion criteria that address the impact of COVID-19 on behaviors, contributing factors, and management in the context of families/schools. The content of the selected articles was themed under five categories, namely the developmental milestones, the Pyramid Model, the Positive Behavioral Support, the management strategies, and the impact of COVID-19 on children/adolescents' behavior. Results The present review demonstrates considerable influence of COVID-19 on children and adolescents' behavior and mental wellbeing. It stresses the importance of early family-based interventions focusing on the triggers of challenging behavior. Functional Behavioral Assessment and Behavioral Intervention Plan provide a systematic analysis with a strategic plan that support children's self-regulation and socioemotional intelligence. Regular behavioral screening is vital to promote prevention and early management. Conclusion Managing behavioral difficulties remains an area of deficit for parents, teachers, and health care providers. With a quality support, parents and schools will be able to clearly characterize the challenging behavior, understand the causes, reinforce parent-child interactions, and consequently, gain the strategic skills required to apply it within natural settings. Timely interventions will limit the risk of future misconduct and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Musa
- Department of Preventative Health, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ismail Dergaa
- Department of Preventative Health, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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9
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Waboso N, Donison L, Raby R, Harding E, Sheppard LC, Grossman K, Myatt H, Black S. 'We can play tag with a stick'. Children's knowledge, experiences, feelings and creative thinking during the COVID-19 pandemic. CHILDREN & SOCIETY 2022; 37:CHSO12579. [PMID: 35942025 PMCID: PMC9348108 DOI: 10.1111/chso.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Using a relational approach, we draw on repeated interviews with a group of 30 diverse children from Ontario to share and reflect on their knowledge, experiences and feelings early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Prioritising relational interdependence and relational agency, this paper illustrates our participants' embedded engagements with the pandemic and their contribution to the co-production of knowledge. We emphasise their thoughtful responses to the pandemic; their creative, self-reflexive strategies for managing a difficult time; and their advice to others. We thus prioritise children's viewpoints and emphasise their relational interconnections with others during a time that was marked by social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara Black
- Brock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
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10
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Goldfeld S, O'Connor E, Sung V, Roberts G, Wake M, West S, Hiscock H. Potential indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on children: a narrative review using a community child health lens. Med J Aust 2022; 216:364-372. [PMID: 35066868 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
▪In this narrative review, we summarise the vast and burgeoning research on the potential and established indirect impacts on children of the COVID-19 pandemic. We used a community child health lens to organise our findings and to consider how Australia might best respond to the needs of children (aged 0-12 years). ▪We synthesised the literature on previous pandemics, epidemics and natural disasters, and the current COVID-19 pandemic. We found clear evidence of adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on children that either repeated or extended the findings from previous pandemics. ▪We identified 11 impact areas, under three broad categories: child-level factors (poorer mental health, poorer child health and development, poorer academic achievement); family-level factors that affect children (poorer parent mental health, reduced family income and job losses, increased household stress, increased abuse and neglect, poorer maternal and newborn health); and service-level factors that affect children (school closures, reduced access to health care, increased use of technology for learning, connection and health care). ▪There is increasing global concern about the likely disproportionate impact of the current pandemic on children experiencing adversity, widening existing disparities in child health and developmental outcomes. ▪We suggest five potential strategy areas that could begin to address these inequities: addressing financial instability through parent financial supplements; expanding the role of schools to address learning gaps and wellbeing; rethinking health care delivery to address reduced access; focusing on prevention and early intervention for mental health; and using digital solutions to address inequitable service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Goldfeld
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Elodie O'Connor
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Valerie Sung
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Gehan Roberts
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Melissa Wake
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Sue West
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Harriet Hiscock
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
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11
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Morison L, Simonds L, Stewart SJF. Effectiveness of creative arts-based interventions for treating children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events: a systematic review of the quantitative evidence and meta-analysis. Arts Health 2021; 14:237-262. [PMID: 34969356 DOI: 10.1080/17533015.2021.2009529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of interventions based on the creative arts for children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events was estimated for measures of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other psychological symptoms. METHOD Using a pre-registered protocol, relevant journal articles were identified through searches of: PsycInfo; Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection; CINAHL and PsycArticles. Data were pooled using a random effects model, and effect estimates were reported as Hedges' g. RESULTS Pooled effect estimates indicated that arts-based interventions significantly reduced PTSD symptom scores compared to pre-intervention (15 studies, g = -.67, p < .001) and a control group (7 studies, g = -.50, p < .001). Significant reductions were also found for measures of negative mood, but results were mixed for externalizing problems and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Despite variations in study quality, intervention approaches and types of trauma experience, the results tentatively suggest that creative arts-based interventions may be effective in reducing symptoms of trauma and negative mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Morison
- Department of Psychological Interventions, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Laura Simonds
- Department of Psychological Interventions, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Sarah-Jane F Stewart
- Department of Psychological Interventions, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Abstract
Globally, 10–20% of children and adolescents experience mental health conditions, but most of them do not receive the appropriate care when it is needed. The COVID-19 deaths and prevention measures, such as the lockdowns, economic downturns, and school closures, have affected many communities physically, mentally, and economically and significantly impacted the already-neglected children and adolescents’ mental health. As a result, evidence has shown that many children and adolescents are experiencing psychological effects such as depression and anxiety without adequate support. The consequences of not addressing the mental health conditions in children and adolescents extend through adulthood and restrict them from reaching their full potential. The effects of COVID-19 on children and adolescents’ mental health highlight the urgent need for multisectoral home-grown solutions to provide early diagnosis and treatment and educate caregivers on home-based interventions and community outreach initiatives to address children and adolescents’ mental health challenges during this pandemic and beyond.
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13
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Psychosocial and behavioral problems of children and adolescents in the early stage of reopening schools after the COVID-19 pandemic: a national cross-sectional study in China. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:342. [PMID: 34083509 PMCID: PMC8172553 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the psychosocial and behavioral problems of children and adolescents in the early stage of reopening schools. In this national cross-sectional study, a total of 11072 students from China were naturally divided into two groups based on their schooling status: reopened schools (RS) and home schooling (HS) group. The psychosocial and behavioral functioning were measured by Achenbach Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and compared in these two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the independent predictors associated with the psychosocial and behavioral problems. Our results showed that the students in the RS group had more adverse behaviors than that of HS group. The RS group had the higher rates of parent-offspring conflict, prolonged homework time, increased sedentary time and sleep problems (all p < 0.001). When separate analyses were conducted in boys and girls, the RS group had the higher scores for (1) overall behavioral problems (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01), internalizing (p = 0.02 and p = 0.02) and externalizing (p = 0.02 and p = 0.004) behaviors in the 6-11 age group; (2) externalizing (p = 0.049 and p = 0.006) behaviors in the 12-16 age group. Multivariable regression showed parent-offspring conflict and increased sedentary time were the most common risk factors, while physical activity and number of close friends were protective factors for behavior problems in RS students (p < 0.01 or 0.05). The present study revealed that students' psychosocial and behavioral problems increased in the early stage of schools reopened unexpectedly. These findings suggest that close attention must be paid and holistic strategies employed in the school reopening process of post-COVID-19 period.
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14
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Meherali S, Punjani N, Louie-Poon S, Abdul Rahim K, Das JK, Salam RA, Lassi ZS. Mental Health of Children and Adolescents Amidst COVID-19 and Past Pandemics: A Rapid Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073432. [PMID: 33810225 PMCID: PMC8038056 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: The COVID‑19 pandemic and associated public health measures have disrupted the lives of people around the world. It is already evident that the direct and indirect psychological and social effects of the COVID‑19 pandemic are insidious and affect the mental health of young children and adolescents now and will in the future. The aim and objectives of this knowledge-synthesis study were to identify the impact of the pandemic on children’s and adolescent’s mental health and to evaluate the effectiveness of different interventions employed during previous and the current pandemic to promote children’s and adolescents’ mental health. Methodology: We conducted the systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and included experimental randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, observational studies, and qualitative studies. Results: Of the 5828 articles that we retrieved, 18 articles met the inclusion criteria. We thematically analyzed them and put the major findings under the thematic areas of impact of the pandemic on children’s and adolescents’ mental health. These studies reported that pandemics cause stress, worry, helplessness, and social and risky behavioral problems among children and adolescents (e.g., substance abuse, suicide, relationship problems, academic issues, and absenteeism from work). Interventions such as art-based programs, support services, and clinician-led mental health and psychosocial services effectively decrease mental health issues among children and adolescents. Conclusion: Children and adolescents are more likely to experience high rates of depression and anxiety during and after a pandemic. It is critical that future researchers explore effective mental health strategies that are tailored to the needs of children and adolescents. Explorations of effective channels regarding the development and delivery of evidenced-based, age-appropriate services are vital to lessen the effects and improve long-term capacities for mental health services for children and adolescents. Key Practitioner Message: The COVID-19 pandemic’s physical restrictions and social distancing measures have affected each and every domain of life. Although the number of children and adolescents affected by the disease is small, the disease and the containment measures such as social distancing, school closure, and isolation have negatively impacted the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents. The impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of children and adolescents is of great concern. Anxiety, depression, disturbances in sleep and appetite, as well as impairment in social interactions are the most common presentations. It has been indicated that compared to adults, this pandemic may continue to have increased long term adverse consequences on children’s and adolescents’ mental health. As the pandemic continues, it is important to monitor the impact on children’s and adolescents’ mental health status and how to help them to improve their mental health outcomes in the time of the current or future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Meherali
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (N.P.); (S.L.-P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Neelam Punjani
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (N.P.); (S.L.-P.)
| | - Samantha Louie-Poon
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (N.P.); (S.L.-P.)
| | - Komal Abdul Rahim
- Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi City, Sindh 74800, Pakistan; (K.A.R.); (J.K.D.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Jai K. Das
- Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi City, Sindh 74800, Pakistan; (K.A.R.); (J.K.D.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Rehana A. Salam
- Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi City, Sindh 74800, Pakistan; (K.A.R.); (J.K.D.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Zohra S. Lassi
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
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15
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Meherali S, Punjani N, Louie-Poon S, Abdul Rahim K, Das JK, Salam RA, Lassi ZS. Mental Health of Children and Adolescents Amidst COVID-19 and Past Pandemics: A Rapid Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073432. [PMID: 33810225 DOI: 10.20944/preprints202103.0149.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Background: The COVID‑19 pandemic and associated public health measures have disrupted the lives of people around the world. It is already evident that the direct and indirect psychological and social effects of the COVID‑19 pandemic are insidious and affect the mental health of young children and adolescents now and will in the future. The aim and objectives of this knowledge-synthesis study were to identify the impact of the pandemic on children's and adolescent's mental health and to evaluate the effectiveness of different interventions employed during previous and the current pandemic to promote children's and adolescents' mental health. Methodology: We conducted the systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and included experimental randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, observational studies, and qualitative studies. Results: Of the 5828 articles that we retrieved, 18 articles met the inclusion criteria. We thematically analyzed them and put the major findings under the thematic areas of impact of the pandemic on children's and adolescents' mental health. These studies reported that pandemics cause stress, worry, helplessness, and social and risky behavioral problems among children and adolescents (e.g., substance abuse, suicide, relationship problems, academic issues, and absenteeism from work). Interventions such as art-based programs, support services, and clinician-led mental health and psychosocial services effectively decrease mental health issues among children and adolescents. Conclusion: Children and adolescents are more likely to experience high rates of depression and anxiety during and after a pandemic. It is critical that future researchers explore effective mental health strategies that are tailored to the needs of children and adolescents. Explorations of effective channels regarding the development and delivery of evidenced-based, age-appropriate services are vital to lessen the effects and improve long-term capacities for mental health services for children and adolescents. Key Practitioner Message: The COVID-19 pandemic's physical restrictions and social distancing measures have affected each and every domain of life. Although the number of children and adolescents affected by the disease is small, the disease and the containment measures such as social distancing, school closure, and isolation have negatively impacted the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents. The impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of children and adolescents is of great concern. Anxiety, depression, disturbances in sleep and appetite, as well as impairment in social interactions are the most common presentations. It has been indicated that compared to adults, this pandemic may continue to have increased long term adverse consequences on children's and adolescents' mental health. As the pandemic continues, it is important to monitor the impact on children's and adolescents' mental health status and how to help them to improve their mental health outcomes in the time of the current or future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Meherali
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Neelam Punjani
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | | | | | - Jai K Das
- Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi City, Sindh 74800, Pakistan
| | - Rehana A Salam
- Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi City, Sindh 74800, Pakistan
| | - Zohra S Lassi
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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16
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Kunzler AM, Stoffers-Winterling J, Stoll M, Mancini AL, Lehmann S, Blessin M, Gilan D, Helmreich I, Hufert F, Lieb K. Mental health and psychosocial support strategies in highly contagious emerging disease outbreaks of substantial public concern: A systematic scoping review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244748. [PMID: 33534786 PMCID: PMC7857635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute disease outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic cause a high burden of psychological distress in people worldwide. Interventions to enable people to better cope with such distress should be based on the best available evidence. We therefore performed a scoping review to systematically identify and summarize the available literature of interventions that target the distress of people in the face of highly contagious disease outbreaks. METHODS MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science (January 2000 to May 7, 2020), and reference lists were systematically searched and screened by two independent reviewers. Quantitative and qualitative studies investigating the effects of psychological interventions before, during, and after outbreaks of highly contagious emerging infectious diseases, such as SARS, MERS, Ebola, or COVID-19 were included. Study effects were grouped (e.g. for healthcare professionals, community members, people at risk) and intervention contents at the individual and organizational level summarized. We assessed the level of evidence using a modified scheme from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine and the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. RESULTS Of 4030 records found, 19 studies were included (two RCTs). Most interventions were delivered during-exposure and face-to-face, focused on healthcare workers and crisis personnel, and combined psychoeducation with training of coping strategies. Based on two high-quality studies, beneficial effects were reported for resilience factors (e.g. positive cognitive appraisal) and professional attitudes of healthcare workers, with mixed findings for mental health (e.g. depression). Across all studies, there was positive qualitative feedback from participants and facilitators. We identified seven ongoing studies mostly using online- and mobile-based deliveries. CONCLUSIONS There is preliminary evidence for beneficial effects of interventions to enable people to better cope with the distress of highly contagious emerging disease outbreaks. Besides the need for more high-quality studies, the summarized evidence may inform decision makers to plan interventions during the current pandemic and to develop pandemic preparedness plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Kunzler
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jutta Stoffers-Winterling
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marlene Stoll
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander L. Mancini
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sophie Lehmann
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Donya Gilan
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Frank Hufert
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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17
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L. G, K. M, J. N, A. TL, E. T, M. U, N. C, S. C, E. CV. Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Support Programs Following Natural Disasters-a Scoping Review of Emerging Evidence. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2021; 23:82. [PMID: 34652557 PMCID: PMC8517063 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-021-01293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aimed to identify and describe evidence published in the past 3 years from trials of psychosocial support programs for children and adolescents affected by natural disasters. RECENT FINDINGS Previous reviews have indicated these programs are beneficial overall. Positive impacts were documented in school-based programs conducted by trained teachers and paraprofessionals with stronger effects achieved by more qualified professionals. The review found supporting evidence for positive impacts of post-disaster psychosocial programs. However, the strength of evidence is limited due to heterogeneity in interventions and evaluations. The stepped care model was found to be useful in differentiating between programs and level of available evidence. Hobfoll's five essential elements of mass trauma intervention provide an additional means of guiding program content and assessments, particularly for universal programs. Identified gaps in evidence included groups likely to be at most risk: preschool children, ethnically diverse groups, those with disability, and social disadvantage. There were promising indications of program benefits for groups with repeated exposure to natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibbs L.
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,Centre for Disaster Management and Public Safety, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Marinkovic K.
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Nursey J.
- Phoenix Australia: Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tong L. A.
- Department of Economics, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC Australia
| | - Tekin E.
- School of Public Affairs, American University, Washington, D.C USA ,National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, USA ,Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulubasoglu M.
- Department of Economics, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC Australia
| | - Callard N.
- Children’s Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cowlishaw S.
- Phoenix Australia: Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cobham V. E.
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia ,Children’s Health Queensland Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Smirni D. Noli Timere: The Role of Reassuring Adults in Dealing with COVID-19 Anxiety in Pediatric Age. Pediatr Rep 2021; 13:15-30. [PMID: 33401500 PMCID: PMC7838802 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric13010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the earliest stages of the Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) spread, the elderly has been identified as the most vulnerable and health authorities have rightly focused on that population. Minor attention was paid to pediatric populations and their emotional reactions. Actually, children and adolescents faced severe anxiety, fear and stress conditions. An efficient management of the pandemic, therefore, must take into account the pediatric population which cannot be neglected as a minor matter compared to the elderly, the economy and health care. Since the lockdown time is over, children and adolescents must recover sociality, return to living in the open air, rediscover playing, free time, aiming for the beauty of their everyday life. In order to mitigate the long-term impact of COVID-19, the key response is the reassuring presence of the adult as 'a secure base'. The current study aimed to collect an overview of the recent references that report evidence on the role of adults in containing pandemic anxiety COVID-19 in pediatric populations, suggesting the need to ensure a reassuring presence of the adult, an effective child-parent communication, a child-friendly day and a long-lasting shared time with parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Smirni
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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19
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Ashikkali L, Carroll W, Johnson C. The indirect impact of COVID-19 on child health. PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH 2020; 30:430-437. [PMID: 32959000 PMCID: PMC7494255 DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the detection of COVID-19 in December 2019, the rapid spread of the disease worldwide has led to a new pandemic, with the number of infected individuals and deaths rising daily. Early experience shows that it predominantly affects older age groups with children and young adults being generally more resilient to more severe disease.1, 2, 3 From a health standpoint, children and young people are less directly affected than adults and presentation of the disease has shown different characteristics. Nonetheless, COVID-19 has had severe repercussions on children and young people. These indirect, downstream implications should not be ignored. An understanding of the issues is essential for those who hope to advocate effectively for children to prevent irreversible damage to the adults of the future. This article reviews some of the evidence of harm to children that may accrue indirectly as a result of pandemics. It explores the physical and psychological effects, discusses the role of parenting and education, offering practical advice about how best to provide support as a healthcare professional.
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20
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Yue J, Zang X, Le Y, An Y. Anxiety, depression and PTSD among children and their parent during 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in China. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 41:5723-5730. [PMID: 33223783 PMCID: PMC7666617 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Home quarantine may lead to families developing a variety of psychological distress. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological status of children and their parent during 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in China. Data were collected from children (n = 1360) and their parent (n = 1360) in China using online survey during February 2020. Demographic information, media exposure, and psychological status including anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were assessed using self-report measures. The results indicated that, for children, 1.84% experienced moderate anxiety, 2.22% experienced depression and 3.16% met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD; for parent, 1.18%, 0.01% and 3.60% experienced moderate anxiety, severe depression, and moderate depression, respectively, and 3.53% met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Moreover, excessive media exposure (β = −0.08 ~ 0.13, ps < 0.05) was a risk factor for anxiety and PTSD for children, a positive factor against anxiety and depression for parent. Being a mother (β = 0.07 ~ 0.21, ps < 0.01), being younger (β = −0.09 ~ −0.07, ps < 0.05), lower levels of educational attainment (β = −0.17 ~ −0.08, ps < 0.01) and family monthly income (β = −0.17 ~ −0.11, ps < 0.05) were risk factors for anxiety, depression and PTSD for parent. Findings suggested that children and their parent in non-severe area didn’t suffer major psychological distress during the outbreak. Factors associated with lower levels of mental health problems were identified to inform the use of psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Yue
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueyan Zang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunying Le
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL USA
| | - Yuanyuan An
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Yue JL, Yan W, Sun YK, Yuan K, Su SZ, Han Y, Ravindran AV, Kosten T, Everall I, Davey CG, Bullmore E, Kawakami N, Barbui C, Thornicroft G, Lund C, Lin X, Liu L, Shi L, Shi J, Ran MS, Bao YP, Lu L. Mental health services for infectious disease outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review. Psychol Med 2020; 50:2498-2513. [PMID: 33148347 PMCID: PMC7642960 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The upsurge in the number of people affected by the COVID-19 is likely to lead to increased rates of emotional trauma and mental illnesses. This article systematically reviewed the available data on the benefits of interventions to reduce adverse mental health sequelae of infectious disease outbreaks, and to offer guidance for mental health service responses to infectious disease pandemic. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, WHO Global Research Database on infectious disease, and the preprint server medRxiv were searched. Of 4278 reports identified, 32 were included in this review. Most articles of psychological interventions were implemented to address the impact of COVID-19 pandemic, followed by Ebola, SARS, and MERS for multiple vulnerable populations. Increasing mental health literacy of the public is vital to prevent the mental health crisis under the COVID-19 pandemic. Group-based cognitive behavioral therapy, psychological first aid, community-based psychosocial arts program, and other culturally adapted interventions were reported as being effective against the mental health impacts of COVID-19, Ebola, and SARS. Culturally-adapted, cost-effective, and accessible strategies integrated into the public health emergency response and established medical systems at the local and national levels are likely to be an effective option to enhance mental health response capacity for the current and for future infectious disease outbreaks. Tele-mental healthcare services were key central components of stepped care for both infectious disease outbreak management and routine support; however, the usefulness and limitations of remote health delivery should also be recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Li Yue
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Kun Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Si-Zhen Su
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Thomas Kosten
- Division of Alcohol and Addiction Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ian Everall
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher G Davey
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edward Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Research and Development, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Corrado Barbui
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Cochrane Global Mental Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Graham Thornicroft
- Centre for Global Mental Health and Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Crick Lund
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Xiao Lin
- Peking-Tsinghua Centre for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Le Shi
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Ran
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan-Ping Bao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Centre for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
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22
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Ruiz-Eugenio L, Roca-Campos E, León-Jiménez S, Ramis-Salas M. Child Well-Being in Times of Confinement: The Impact of Dialogic Literary Gatherings Transferred to Homes. Front Psychol 2020; 11:567449. [PMID: 33192850 PMCID: PMC7662015 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unexpected situation that has forced people to find educational alternatives to support learning and ensure child well-being. The need for practices that “open doors” at home as a way to promote a quality education and to foster an environment of supportive relationships and a sense of community, has led to the in-depth analysis of successful educational actions, particularly the Dialogic Literary Gatherings (DLGs). The aim of this article is to show how the transference of DLGs to the home environment has had an impact on child subjective well-being in times of confinement, promoting a safe and supportive environment for learning, interacting, coexisting and on emotional development at different educational stages, especially for the most vulnerable children. Data collection consisted of a focus group of 10 teachers, 6 semi-structured interviews addressed to families and 6 life stories of students, from 4 primary education centers, 1 high school, and 1 Special Education School. Communicative methodology structured the two-level data analysis, for studying both the elements provided by online DLGs that favor and achieve child well-being, and the elements that may hinder those achievements. The results confirm that DLGs have had a notorious impact on children’s and their families’ well-being. Considering the findings in the development of educational public policies and the possibility of extending “open doors actions” as an option for future learning environments beyond the confinement situation is contemplated. Future research on how these spaces can have an impact on child well-being in upcoming contexts of the new normal in the education domain will be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ruiz-Eugenio
- Department of Theory and History of Education, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Roca-Campos
- Department of Comparative Education and Education History, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana León-Jiménez
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mimar Ramis-Salas
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Soklaridis S, Lin E, Lalani Y, Rodak T, Sockalingam S. Mental health interventions and supports during COVID- 19 and other medical pandemics: A rapid systematic review of the evidence. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2020; 66:133-146. [PMID: 32858431 PMCID: PMC7442905 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is a global reminder of the need to attend to the mental health of patients and health professionals who are suddenly facing this public health crisis. In the last two decades, a number of medical pandemics have yielded insights on the mental health impact of these events. Based on these experiences and given the magnitude of the current pandemic, rates of mental health disorders are expected to increase. Mental health interventions are urgently needed to minimize the psychological sequelae and provide timely care to affected individuals. METHOD We conducted a rapid systematic review of mental health interventions during a medical pandemic, using three electronic databases. Of the 2404 articles identified, 21 primary research studies are included in this review. RESULT We categorized the findings from the research studies using the following questions: What kind of emotional reactions do medical pandemics trigger? Who is most at risk of experiencing mental health sequelae? What works to treat mental health sequelae (psychosocial interventions and implementation of existing or new training programs)? What do we need to consider when designing and implementing mental health interventions (cultural adaptations and mental health workforce)? What still needs to be known? CONCLUSION Various mental health interventions have been developed for medical pandemics, and research on their effectiveness is growing. We offer recommendations for future research based on the evidence for providing mental health interventions and supports to those most in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Soklaridis
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; The Wilson Centre for Research in Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth Lin
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yasmin Lalani
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terri Rodak
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanjeev Sockalingam
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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24
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2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children and Infants: Where We Are and What We Know? ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.103785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
: Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in Wuhan, China, there were more than 10,021,401 confirmed infected cases. This infection has spread to almost all countries around the world with reported high mortality and morbidity. Infections in children and infants have been reported as well. The condition of the infected children was mostly mild. To date, there have been reported deaths in pediatrics testing positive for COVID-19 in countries such as China, Italy and America. The therapy strategy for the children who suffer coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been based on the adult experience. The present review summarizes current knowledge of the etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19 infection in children and infants.
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25
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Wang G, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhang J, Jiang F. Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet 2020. [PMID: 32145186 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30547-xreferences] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghai Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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26
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Wang G, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhang J, Jiang F. Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet 2020; 395:945-947. [PMID: 32145186 PMCID: PMC7124694 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 913] [Impact Index Per Article: 228.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghai Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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27
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Ravindran A, Paric A, Ravindran L. Psychological dimensions of COVID-19: Perspectives for the practicing clinician. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jncd.jncd_27_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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