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He W, Wang H, Yang G, Zhu L, Liu X. The Role of Chemokines in Obesity and Exercise-Induced Weight Loss. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1121. [PMID: 39334887 PMCID: PMC11430256 DOI: 10.3390/biom14091121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health crisis that is closely interrelated to many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This review provides an in-depth analysis of specific chemokines involved in the development of obesity, including C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL3, CCL5, CCL7, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL14, and XCL1 (lymphotactin). These chemokines exacerbate the symptoms of obesity by either promoting the inflammatory response or by influencing metabolic pathways and recruiting immune cells. Additionally, the research highlights the positive effect of exercise on modulating chemokine expression in the obese state. Notably, it explores the potential effects of both aerobic exercises and combined aerobic and resistance training in lowering levels of inflammatory mediators, reducing insulin resistance, and improving metabolic health. These findings suggest new strategies for obesity intervention through the modulation of chemokine levels by exercise, providing fresh perspectives and directions for the treatment of obesity and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbi He
- Graduate School, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (W.H.); (H.W.); (G.Y.)
| | - Huan Wang
- Graduate School, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (W.H.); (H.W.); (G.Y.)
| | - Gaoyuan Yang
- Graduate School, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (W.H.); (H.W.); (G.Y.)
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
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Ramachandran M, Unkart JT, Willie-Permor D, Hamouda M, Elsayed N, Malas MB. The obesity paradox exists for perioperative complications and mortality following lower extremity arterial bypass surgery. J Vasc Surg 2024; 80:811-820. [PMID: 38642672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2024.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The obesity paradox refers to a phenomenon by which obese individuals experience lower risk of mortality and even protective associations from chronic disease sequelae when compared with the non-obese and underweight population. Prior literature has demonstrated an obesity paradox after cardiac and other surgical procedures. However, the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and perioperative complications for patients undergoing major open lower extremity arterial revascularization is unclear. METHODS We queried the Vascular Quality Initiative for individuals receiving unilateral infrainguinal bypass between 2003 and 2020. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the relationship of BMI categories (underweight [<18.5 kg/m2], non-obese [18.5-24.9 kg/m2], overweight [25-29.9 kg/m2], Class 1 obesity [30-34.9 kg/m2], Class 2 obesity [35-39.9 kg/m2], and Class 3 obesity [>40 kg/m2]) with 30-day mortality, surgical site infection, and adverse cardiovascular events. We adjusted the models for key patient demographics, comorbidities, and technical and perioperative characteristics. RESULTS From 2003 to 2020, 60,588 arterial bypass procedures met inclusion criteria for analysis. Upon multivariable logistic regression with the non-obese category as the reference group, odds of 30-day mortality were significantly decreased among the overweight (odds ratio [OR], 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-0.78), Class 1 obese (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.52-0.81), Class 2 obese (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48-0.90), and Class 3 obese (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39-0.97) patient categories. Conversely, odds of 30-day mortality were increased in the underweight patient group (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.16-2.13). Furthermore, a BMI-dependent positive association was present, with odds of surgical site infections with patients in Class 3 obesity having the highest odds (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.60-2.76). Finally, among the adverse cardiovascular event outcomes assessed, only myocardial infarction (MI) demonstrated decreased odds among overweight (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71-0.96), Class 1 obese (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65-0.93), and Class 2 obese (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51-0.86) patient populations. Odds of MI among the underweight and Class 3 obesity groups were not significant. CONCLUSIONS The obesity paradox is evident in patients undergoing lower extremity bypass procedures, particularly with odds of 30-day mortality and MI. Our findings suggest that having higher BMI (overweight and Class 1-3 obesity) is not associated with increased mortality and should not be interpreted as a contraindication for lower extremity arterial bypass surgery. However, these patients should be under vigilant surveillance for surgical site infections. Finally, patients that are underweight have a significantly increased odds of 30-day mortality and may be more suitable candidates for endovascular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhshan Ramachandran
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Learning and Excellence in Vascular and Endovascular Research (CLEVER), UC San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Daniel Willie-Permor
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Learning and Excellence in Vascular and Endovascular Research (CLEVER), UC San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Mohammed Hamouda
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Learning and Excellence in Vascular and Endovascular Research (CLEVER), UC San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Nadin Elsayed
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Learning and Excellence in Vascular and Endovascular Research (CLEVER), UC San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Mahmoud B Malas
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Learning and Excellence in Vascular and Endovascular Research (CLEVER), UC San Diego, San Diego, CA.
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Zhang D, Huo W, Chen W, Li X, Qin P, Zhang M, Li J, Sun X, Liu Y, Hu D. Association of traditional and novel obesity indicators with stroke risk: Findings from the Rural Chinese cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:2065-2074. [PMID: 38866612 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Few researchers have compared the effectiveness of traditional and novel obesity indicators in predicting stroke incidence. We aimed to evaluate the associations between six obesity indices and stroke risk, and to further identify the optimal indicator. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 14,539 individuals from the Rural Chinese Cohort Study were included in the analyses. We used the Cox proportional hazards regression models to evaluate the association between six obesity indices (including body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], conicity index [C-index], lipid accumulation product [LAP], visceral adiposity index [VAI], and Chinese visceral adiposity index [CVAI]) and stroke risk. Receiver operating characteristic curves were employed to compare their predictive ability on stroke risk. During a median follow-up period of 11.13 years, a total of 1257 cases of stroke occurred. In the multiple-adjusted Cox regression model, WC, BMI, C-index, and CVAI were positively associated with ischemic stroke (P < 0.01) rather than hemorrhagic stroke risk. Dose-response analyses showed a linear correlation of WC, BMI, C-index, and LAP (Poverall <0.05, and Pnonlinear >0.05), but a non-linear correlation of CVAI (Poverall <0.05, and Pnonlinear <0.05) with the risk of ischemic stroke. CVAI demonstrates the highest areas under the curves (AUC: 0.661, 95% CI: 0.653-0.668), indicating a superior predictive ability for ischemic stroke occurrence compared to other five indices (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION WC, BMI, C-index, LAP, and CVAI were all positively related to the risk of ischemic stroke, among which CVAI exhibited stronger predictive ability for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhang
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Huo
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiling Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Qin
- Department of Medical Record Management, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizhuo Sun
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Antonatos C, Georgakilas GK, Evangelou E, Vasilopoulos Y. Transcriptomic meta-analysis characterizes molecular commonalities between psoriasis and obesity. Genes Immun 2024; 25:179-187. [PMID: 38580831 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-024-00271-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Despite the abundance of epidemiological evidence for the high comorbid rate between psoriasis and obesity, systematic approaches to common inflammatory mechanisms have not been adequately explored. We performed a meta-analysis of publicly available RNA-sequencing datasets to unveil putative mechanisms that are postulated to exacerbate both diseases, utilizing both late-stage, disease-specific meta-analyses and consensus gene co-expression network (cWGCNA). Single-gene meta-analyses reported several common inflammatory mechanisms fostered by the perturbed expression profile of inflammatory cells. Assessment of gene overlaps between both diseases revealed significant overlaps between up- (n = 170, P value = 6.07 × 10-65) and down-regulated (n = 49, P value = 7.1 × 10-7) genes, associated with increased T cell response and activated transcription factors. Our cWGCNA approach disentangled 48 consensus modules, associated with either the differentiation of leukocytes or metabolic pathways with similar correlation signals in both diseases. Notably, all our analyses confirmed the association of the perturbed T helper (Th)17 differentiation pathway in both diseases. Our novel findings through whole transcriptomic analyses characterize the inflammatory commonalities between psoriasis and obesity implying the assessment of several expression profiles that could serve as putative comorbid disease progression biomarkers and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalabos Antonatos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Georgios K Georgakilas
- Laboratory of Genetics, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
- Information Management Systems Institute (IMSI), ATHENA Research Center, 15125, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Yiannis Vasilopoulos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.
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Szymaszkiewicz A, Mierzejewski M, Januszkiewicz E, Machelak W, Talar M, Włodarczyk J, Świerczyński M, Kordek R, Fichna J, Zielińska M. The role of bidirectional communication between the adipokines and the endogenous opioid system in an experimental mouse model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:112-126. [PMID: 38236555 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death globally. Multiple factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of CRC, including the abnormalities in the functioning of the endogenous opioid system (EOS) or adiponectin-related signaling. The aim of our study was to evaluate if differences in the expression of opioid receptors (ORs) influence the development of CRC and if modulation of adiponectin receptors using AdipoRon, a selective AdipoR1 receptor agonist, affects colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS Naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist, was injected intraperitoneally every second day for 2 weeks, at the dose of 1 mg/kg in healthy Balb/C mice to induce changes in ORs expression. CRC was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (AOM) and the addition of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) into drinking water in three-week cycles. The development of CRC was assessed using macro- and microscopic scoring and molecular analysis (RT qPCR, ELISA) after 14 weeks. RESULTS Naltrexone significantly increased the mRNA expression of Oprm1, Oprd1, and Oprk1 in the mouse colon and in the brain (non-significantly). The pretreatment of mice with naltrexone aggravated the course of CRC (as indicated by tumor area, colon thickness, and spleen weight). The level of circulatory adiponectin was lowered in mice with CRC and increased in the colon as compared with healthy mice. The β-endorphin level was increased in the plasma of mice with CRC and decreased in the colon as compared to healthy mice. AdipoRon, AdipoR1 agonist, worsened the CRC development, and pretreatment with naltrexone enhanced this negative effect in mice. CRC did not affect the expression of the Adipor1 gene, but the Adipor1 level was increased in mice pretreated with naltrexone (AOM/DSS and healthy mice). AdipoRon did not influence the expression of opioid receptors at the mRNA level in the colon of mice with CRC. The mRNA expression of Ptgs2, Il6, Nos2, Il1b, Il18, Gsdmd, and Rela was increased in mice with CRC as compared to the healthy colon. AdipoRon significantly decreased mRNA expression of Ptgs2, Il6, Il1b, and Il18 as compared to CRC mice. CONCLUSION EOS and adiponectin-related signaling may play a role in the pathogenesis of CRC and these systems may present some additivity during carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Szymaszkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Molecolab, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Łódź, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Mierzejewski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Molecolab, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Łódź, Poland
| | - Emilia Januszkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Molecolab, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Łódź, Poland
| | - Weronika Machelak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Molecolab, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Łódź, Poland
| | - Marcin Talar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Molecolab, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Łódź, Poland
| | - Jakub Włodarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Molecolab, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Łódź, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Świerczyński
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Molecolab, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Łódź, Poland
| | - Radzisław Kordek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Molecolab, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Łódź, Poland
| | - Marta Zielińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Molecolab, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Łódź, Poland.
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Engin A. Protein Kinases in Obesity, and the Kinase-Targeted Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:199-229. [PMID: 39287853 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The action of protein kinases and protein phosphatases is essential for multiple physiological responses. Each protein kinase displays its own unique substrate specificity and a regulatory mechanism that may be modulated by association with other proteins. Protein kinases are classified as dual-specificity kinases and dual-specificity phosphatases. Dual-specificity phosphatases are important signal transduction enzymes that regulate various cellular processes in coordination with protein kinases and play an important role in obesity. Impairment of insulin signaling in obesity is largely mediated by the activation of the inhibitor of kappa B-kinase beta and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activate the JNK pathway which suppresses insulin biosynthesis. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are important for proper regulation of glucose metabolism in mammals at both the hormonal and cellular levels. Additionally, obesity-activated calcium/calmodulin dependent-protein kinase II/p38 suppresses insulin-induced protein kinase B phosphorylation by activating the ER stress effector, activating transcription factor-4. To alleviate lipotoxicity and insulin resistance, promising targets are pharmacologically inhibited. Nifedipine, calcium channel blocker, stimulates lipogenesis and adipogenesis by downregulating AMPK and upregulating mTOR, which thereby enhances lipid storage. Contrary to the nifedipine, metformin activates AMPK, increases fatty acid oxidation, suppresses fatty acid synthesis and deposition, and thus alleviates lipotoxicity. Obese adults with vascular endothelial dysfunction have greater endothelial cells activation of unfolded protein response stress sensors, RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER eukaryotic initiation factor-2 alpha kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor-6. The transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis in obesity is influenced by AGC (protein kinase A (PKA), PKG, PKC) family signaling kinases. Obesity may induce systemic oxidative stress and increase reactive oxygen species in adipocytes. An increase in intracellular oxidative stress can promote PKC-β activation. Activated PKC-β induces growth factor adapter Shc phosphorylation. Shc-generated peroxides reduce mitochondrial oxygen consumption and enhance triglyceride accumulation and lipotoxicity. Liraglutide attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species generation. Co-treatment of antiobesity and antidiabetic herbal compound, berberine with antipsychotic drug olanzapine decreases the accumulation of triglyceride. While low-dose rapamycin, metformin, amlexanox, thiazolidinediones, and saroglitazar protect against insulin resistance, glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide inhibits palmitate-induced inflammation by suppressing mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activity and protects against lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Arnke K, Pfister P, Reid G, Vasella M, Ruhl T, Seitz AK, Lindenblatt N, Cinelli P, Kim BS. Impact of a High-Fat Diet at a Young Age on Wound Healing in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17299. [PMID: 38139127 PMCID: PMC10743676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As the prevalence of juvenile-onset obesity rises globally, the multitude of related health consequences gain significant importance. In this context, obesity is associated with impaired cutaneous wound healing. In experimental settings, mice are the most frequently used model for investigating the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) chow on wound healing in wild-type or genetically manipulated animals, e.g., diabetic ob/ob and db/db mice. However, these studies have mainly been performed on adult animals. Thus, in the present study, we introduced a mouse model for a juvenile onset of obesity. We exposed 4-week-old mice to an investigational feeding period of 9 weeks with an HFD compared to a regular diet (RD). At a mouse age of 13 weeks, we performed excisional and incisional wounding and measured the healing rate. Wound healing was examined by serial photographs with daily wound size measurements of the excisional wounds. Histology from incisional wounds was performed to quantify granulation tissue (thickness, quality) and angiogenesis (number of blood vessels per mm2). The expression of extracellular matrix proteins (collagen types I/III/IV, fibronectin 1, elastin), inflammatory cytokines (MIF, MIF-2, IL-6, TNF-α), myofibroblast differentiation (α-SMA) and macrophage polarization (CD11c, CD301b) in the incisional wounds were evaluated by RT-qPCR and by immunohistochemistry. There was a marked delay of wound closure in the HFD group with a decrease in granulation tissue quality and thickness. Additionally, inflammatory cytokines (MIF, IL-6, TNF-α) were significantly up-regulated in HFD- when compared to RD-fed mice measured at day 3. By contrast, MIF-2 and blood vessel expression were significantly reduced in the HFD animals, starting at day 1. No significant changes were observed in macrophage polarization, collagen expression, and levels of TGF-β1 and PDGF-A. Our findings support that an early exposition to HFD resulted in juvenile obesity in mice with impaired wound repair mechanisms, which may be used as a murine model for obesity-related studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Arnke
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, University Hospital Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.A.); (A.-K.S.); (N.L.); (B.-S.K.)
- Center for Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Pablo Pfister
- Department of Surgery, Triemli City Hospital Zurich, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Reid
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, University Hospital Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.A.); (A.-K.S.); (N.L.); (B.-S.K.)
| | - Mauro Vasella
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, University Hospital Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.A.); (A.-K.S.); (N.L.); (B.-S.K.)
| | - Tim Ruhl
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Ann-Kathrin Seitz
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, University Hospital Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.A.); (A.-K.S.); (N.L.); (B.-S.K.)
| | - Nicole Lindenblatt
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, University Hospital Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.A.); (A.-K.S.); (N.L.); (B.-S.K.)
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- Center for Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bong-Sung Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, University Hospital Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.A.); (A.-K.S.); (N.L.); (B.-S.K.)
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Perik-Zavodskaia O, Alrhmoun S, Perik-Zavodskii R, Zhukova J, Lopatnikova J, Volynets M, Alshevskaya A, Sennikov S. Knockouts of TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B Genes in K562 Cell Line Lead to Diverse Long-Lasting Responses to TNF-α. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17169. [PMID: 38138998 PMCID: PMC10742831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This research delves into the intricate landscape of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling, a multi-functional cytokine known for its diverse cellular effects. Specifically, we investigate the roles of two TNF receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, in mediating TNF-α-induced transcriptional responses. Using human K562 cell lines with TNFR1 and TNFR2 knockouts, we explore changes in gene expression patterns following TNF-α stimulation. Our findings reveal distinct transcriptional profiles in TNFR1 and TNFR2 knockout cells, shedding light on the unique contributions of these receptors to TNF-α signaling. Notably, several key pathways associated with inflammation, apoptosis, and cell proliferation exhibit altered regulation in the absence of TNFR1 or TNFR2. This study provides valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms governing TNF-α signaling and its diverse cellular effects, with potential implications for targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Perik-Zavodskaia
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.A.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (M.V.)
| | - Saleh Alrhmoun
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.A.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (M.V.)
- Laboratory of Immune Engineering, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Perik-Zavodskii
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.A.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (M.V.)
- Laboratory of Immune Engineering, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia Zhukova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.A.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (M.V.)
- Laboratory of Immune Engineering, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia Lopatnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.A.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (M.V.)
- Laboratory of Immune Engineering, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Volynets
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.A.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (M.V.)
| | - Alina Alshevskaya
- Laboratory of Immune Engineering, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Sennikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.A.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (M.V.)
- Laboratory of Immune Engineering, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Drag MH, Debes KP, Franck CS, Flethøj M, Lyhne MK, Møller JE, Ludvigsen TP, Jespersen T, Olsen LH, Kilpeläinen TO. Nanopore sequencing reveals methylation changes associated with obesity in circulating cell-free DNA from Göttingen Minipigs. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2199374. [PMID: 37032646 PMCID: PMC10088973 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2199374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Profiling of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) by tissue-specific base modifications, such as 5-methylcytosines (5mC), may enable the monitoring of ongoing pathophysiological processes. Nanopore sequencing allows genome-wide 5mC detection in cfDNA without bisulphite conversion. The aims of this study were: i) to find differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of cfDNA associated with obesity in Göttingen minipigs using Nanopore sequencing, ii) to validate a subset of the DMRs using methylation-specific PCR (MSP-PCR), and iii) to compare the cfDNA DMRs with those from whole blood genomic DNA (gDNA). Serum cfDNA and gDNA were obtained from 10 lean and 7 obese Göttingen Minipigs both with experimentally induced myocardial infarction and sequenced using Oxford Nanopore MinION. A total of 1,236 cfDNA DMRs (FDR<0.01) were associated with obesity. In silico analysis showed enrichment of the adipocytokine signalling, glucagon signalling, and cellular glucose homoeostasis pathways. A strong cfDNA DMR was discovered in PPARGC1B, a gene linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes. The DMR was validated using MSP-PCR and correlated significantly with body weight (P < 0.05). No DMRs intersected between cfDNA and gDNA, suggesting that cfDNA originates from body-wide shedding of DNA. In conclusion, nanopore sequencing detected differential methylation in minute quantities (0.1-1 ng/µl) of cfDNA. Future work should focus on translation into human and comparing 5mC from somatic tissues to pinpoint the exact location of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hodal Drag
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Conservation, Copenhagen Zoo, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Clara Sandkamm Franck
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Flethøj
- Research & Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Mille Kronborg Lyhne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Eifer Møller
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Jespersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Høier Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Santos-Pereira M, Pereira SC, Rebelo I, Spadella MA, Oliveira PF, Alves MG. Decoding the Influence of Obesity on Prostate Cancer and Its Transgenerational Impact. Nutrients 2023; 15:4858. [PMID: 38068717 PMCID: PMC10707940 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the escalating prevalence of metabolic disorders, notably obesity and being overweight, has emerged as a pressing concern in public health. Projections for the future indicate a continual upward trajectory in obesity rates, primarily attributable to unhealthy dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyles. The ramifications of obesity extend beyond its visible manifestations, intricately weaving a web of hormonal dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. This nexus of factors holds particular significance in the context of carcinogenesis, notably in the case of prostate cancer (PCa), which is a pervasive malignancy and a leading cause of mortality among men. A compelling hypothesis arises from the perspective of transgenerational inheritance, wherein genetic and epigenetic imprints associated with obesity may wield influence over the development of PCa. This review proposes a comprehensive exploration of the nuanced mechanisms through which obesity disrupts prostate homeostasis and serves as a catalyst for PCa initiation. Additionally, it delves into the intriguing interplay between the transgenerational transmission of both obesity-related traits and the predisposition to PCa. Drawing insights from a spectrum of sources, ranging from in vitro and animal model research to human studies, this review endeavors to discuss the intricate connections between obesity and PCa. However, the landscape remains partially obscured as the current state of knowledge unveils only fragments of the complex mechanisms linking these phenomena. As research advances, unraveling the associated factors and underlying mechanisms promises to unveil novel avenues for understanding and potentially mitigating the nexus between obesity and the development of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Santos-Pereira
- iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Medical Science, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C. Pereira
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Irene Rebelo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biologic Sciences, Pharmaceutical Faculty, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Maria A. Spadella
- Human Embryology Laboratory, Marília Medical School, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Pedro F. Oliveira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Marco G. Alves
- iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Medical Science, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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11
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Cavallo C, Boffa A, Salerno M, Merli G, Grigolo B, Filardo G. Adipose Tissue-Derived Products May Present Inflammatory Properties That Affect Chondrocytes and Synoviocytes from Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12401. [PMID: 37569775 PMCID: PMC10418602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived cell-based injectable therapies have been demonstrated to have disease-modifying effects on joint tissues in preclinical studies on animal osteoarthritis (OA) models, but clinical results are heterogeneous and not always satisfactory. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of adipose tissue properties on the therapeutic effects of the adipose-derived product in an in vitro OA setting. Micro-fragmented adipose tissue (MF-AT) samples were obtained from 21 OA patients (mean age 51.7 ± 11.8 years, mean BMI 25.7 ± 4.1 kg/m2). The analysis of the MF-AT supernatant was performed to analyze the release of inflammatory factors. The effects of MF-AT inflammatory factors were investigated on chondrocytes and synoviocytes gene expression levels. Patients' characteristics were analyzed to explore their influence on MF-AT inflammatory molecules and on the MF-AT effects on the gene expression of chondrocytes and synoviocytes. The study results demonstrated that adipose tissue-derived products may present inflammatory properties that influence the therapeutic potential for OA treatment, with products with a higher pro-inflammatory profile stimulating a higher expression of genes related to a more inflamed and catabolic phenotype. A higher pro-inflammatory cytokine pattern and a higher pro-inflammatory effect were found in adipose tissue-derived products obtained from OA patients with higher BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Cavallo
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (C.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Angelo Boffa
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 2, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Manuela Salerno
- Applied and Translational Research (ATR) Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Giulia Merli
- Applied and Translational Research (ATR) Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (C.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Applied and Translational Research (ATR) Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.M.); (G.F.)
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12
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Cullinane C, Fullard A, Croghan SM, Elliott JA, Fleming CA. Effect of obesity on perioperative outcomes following gastrointestinal surgery: meta-analysis. BJS Open 2023; 7:zrad026. [PMID: 37428558 PMCID: PMC10332403 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity can pose perioperative challenges related to obesity-associated co-morbidities and technical factors. However, the true impact of obesity on postoperative outcomes is not well established and reports are conflicting. The aim was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effect of obesity on perioperative outcomes for general surgery procedures in distinct obesity subtypes. METHODS A systematic review was performed for studies reporting postoperative outcomes in relation to BMI in upper gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and colorectal based on an electronic search using the Cochrane Library, Science Direct, PubMed and Embase up to January 2022. The primary outcome was the incidence of 30-day postoperative mortality among patients with obesity undergoing general surgical procedures in comparison to patients with normal range BMI. RESULTS Sixty-two studies, including 1 886 326 patients, were eligible for inclusion. Overall, patients with obesity (including class I/II/II) had lower 30-day mortality rates in comparison to patients with a normal BMI (odds ratio (OR) 0.75, 95 per cent c.i. 0.66 to 0.86, P < 0.0001, I2 = 71 per cent); this was also observed specifically in emergency general surgery (OR 0.83, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 0.87, P < 0.0000001, I2 = 7 per cent). Compared with normal BMI, obesity was positively associated with an increased risk of 30-day postoperative morbidity (OR 1.11, 95 per cent c.i. 1.04 to 1.19, P = 0.002, I2 = 85 per cent). However, there was no significant difference in postoperative morbidity rates between the cohorts of patients with a normal BMI and class I/II obesity (OR 0.98, 95 per cent c.i. 0.92 to 1.04, P = 0.542, I2 = 92 per cent). Overall, the cohort with obesity had a higher rate of postoperative wound infections compared with the non-obese group (OR 1.40, 95 per cent c.i. 1.24 to 1.59, P < 0.0001, I2 = 82 per cent). CONCLUSION These data suggest a possible 'obesity paradox' and challenge the assumption that patients with obesity have higher postoperative mortality compared with patients with normal range BMI. Increased BMI alone is not associated with increased perioperative mortality in general surgery, highlighting the importance of more accurate body composition assessment, such as computed tomography anthropometrics, to support perioperative risk stratification and decision-making. REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022337442 (PROSPERO https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Cullinane
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Anna Fullard
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, University of Limerick Hospital Group, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Stefanie M Croghan
- Department of Urology, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, St Stephen’s Green, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jessie A Elliott
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christina A Fleming
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, University of Limerick Hospital Group, Limerick, Ireland
- Progress Women in Surgery Fellowship, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Mishra S, Kumar A, Kim S, Su Y, Singh S, Sharma M, Almousa S, Rather HA, Jain H, Lee J, Furdui CM, Ahmad S, Ferrario CM, Punzi HA, Chuang CC, Wabitsch M, Kritchevsky SB, Register TC, Deep G. A Liquid Biopsy-Based Approach to Isolate and Characterize Adipose Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles from Blood. ACS NANO 2023; 17:10252-10268. [PMID: 37224410 PMCID: PMC10713009 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for multiple chronic diseases. Anthropometric and imaging approaches are primarily used to assess adiposity, and there is a dearth of techniques to determine the changes in adipose tissue (AT) at the molecular level. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a novel and less invasive source of biomarkers for various pathologies. Furthermore, the possibility of enriching cell or tissue-specific EVs from the biofluids based on their unique surface markers has led to classifying these vesicles as "liquid biopsies", offering valuable molecular information on hard-to-access tissues. Here, we isolated small EVs from AT (sEVAT) of lean and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, identified unique surface proteins on sEVAT by surface shaving followed by mass spectrometry, and developed a signature of five unique proteins. Using this signature, we pulled out sEVAT from the blood of mice and validated the specificity of isolated sEVAT by measuring the expression of adiponectin, 38 adipokines on an array, and several adipose tissue-related miRNAs. Furthermore, we provided evidence of sEV applicability in disease prediction by characterizing sEVAT from the blood of lean and DIO mice. Interestingly, sEVAT-DIO cargo showed a stronger pro-inflammatory effect on THP1 monocytes compared to sEVAT-Lean and a significant increase in obesity-associated miRNA expression. Equally important, sEVAT cargo revealed an obesity-associated aberrant amino acid metabolism that was subsequently validated in the corresponding AT. Lastly, we show a significant increase in inflammation-related molecules in sEVAT isolated from the blood of nondiabetic obese (>30 kg/m2) individuals. Overall, the present study offers a less-invasive approach to characterize AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mishra
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Susy Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Yixin Su
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Mitu Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Sameh Almousa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Hilal A Rather
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Heetanshi Jain
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Jingyun Lee
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Laboratory of Translational Hypertension, Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Carlos M Ferrario
- Laboratory of Translational Hypertension, Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Henry A Punzi
- Punzi Medical Center, Punzi Institute of Medicine, Carrollton, Texas 75006, United States
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States
| | - Chia-Chi Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm 89069, Germany
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Thomas C Register
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
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14
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Chen J, Qian D, Wang Z, Sun Y, Sun B, Zhou X, Hu L, Shan A, Ma Q. Threonine supplementation prevents the development of fat deposition in mice fed a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2022; 13:7772-7780. [PMID: 35766226 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01201d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the main factor involved in the onset of many diseases. Threonine supplementation has been demonstrated to reduce fat mass and serum triglycerides in already obese mice. However, it is unclear whether threonine could inhibit the development of obesity in mice without previous high-fat diet induction. In the present study, mice were fed a chow diet (CD) or a high-fat diet (HFD), supplemented or not with threonine (3.0% in drinking water) for 15 weeks. Results showed that mice subjected to chronic threonine supplementation showed decreased body weight, epididymal white adipose tissue weight, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol in comparison with HFD-fed mice. In the epididymal adipose tissue, gene expressions of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c and fatty acid synthase were up-regulated, while hormone sensitive lipase, adiponectin and fibroblast growth factor 21 were down-regulated. In the liver tissue, gene expressions of sirtuin1, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ co-activator 1α were up-regulated by threonine supplementation in HFD-fed mice. These results suggest that long-term threonine supplementation inhibited fat mass and improved lipid metabolism, making it a potential agent to prevent the development of diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Dali Qian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Zhishen Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Yutong Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Bo Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Xinbo Zhou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Linlin Hu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Qingquan Ma
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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15
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Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides protect against obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats fed a high-fat diet. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Weight Loss and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Reduce Systemic Inflammation in Monocytes and Adipose Tissue Macrophages from Obese Subjects. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040765. [PMID: 35215414 PMCID: PMC8878364 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation is a characteristic of obesity that leads to various non-communicable diseases. Weight loss and SCFAs are potential strategies for attenuating obese systemic inflammation. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 43 obese subjects (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) scheduled for laparoscopic bariatric sleeve surgery, 26 obese subjects at follow-up 12–18 months post-surgery and 8 healthy weight subjects (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2). Monocytes were isolated from blood and adipose tissue macrophages from visceral adipose tissue of obese subjects only. Isolated cells stimulated with 1 ng/mL LPS and treated simultaneously with 300 mM of sodium acetate or 30 mM of sodium propionate or butyrate and supernatant were harvested after 15 h incubation. TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines were measured via ELISA and mRNA gene expression of FFAR2 and FFAR3, HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC9, RELA and NFKB1 and MAPK1 via RT-qPCR. Results: TNF-α and IL-6 production and NFKB1 and RELA mRNA expression were significantly decreased in follow-up subjects compared to baseline. SCFAs significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-6 and altered FFAR and HDAC mRNA expression in monocytes and macrophages from obese subjects. Conclusion: Weight loss and ex vivo SCFA treatments were successful in combatting systemic inflammation in obesity. Results highlighted molecular changes that occur with weight loss and as a result of SCFA treatment.
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17
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Kassahun WT, Mehdorn M, Babel J. The impact of obesity on surgical outcomes in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy for high-risk abdominal emergencies. BMC Surg 2022; 22:15. [PMID: 35033036 PMCID: PMC8761337 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-022-01466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been shown to increase the rates of morbidity and occasionally mortality in patients undergoing nonbariatric elective surgery. However, little is known about the impact of obesity on outcomes after surgery for high-risk abdominal emergencies. METHODS A single-center retrospective evaluation of outcomes in high-risk abdominal emergency patients categorized by body mass index (BMI) was conducted. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and operative details were analyzed. Patients with normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9) served as comparators. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the impact of obesity on surgical outcomes. RESULTS In total, 886 patients with BMI < 18.5 (underweight; n = 50), 18.5-24.9 (normal weight; n = 306), 25-29.9 (overweight; n = 336) and ≥ 30 (obese; n = 194) based on the World Health Organization (WHO) weight classification criteria met the inclusion criteria. Compared to normal-weight patients, patients with overweight and obesity were older and more likely to be male. The rates of comorbidity (100% vs 91.2%, p = < 0.0001), morbidity (77.8% vs 65.6%, p = 0.003), and in-hospital mortality (44.8% vs 30.4%, p = 0.001) were all higher in patients with obesity than in normal-weight patients. Patients with obesity had an increased intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LOS) (13 days vs 9 days, p = 0.019) and hospital LOS (21.4 days vs 18.1 days, p = 0.081) and prolonged ventilation (39.1% vs 19.6%, p = 0.003). As BMI deviated from the normal range, the morbidity and mortality rates increased incrementally, with the highest morbidity (87.9%) and mortality (54.5%) rates observed in morbidly obese patients (BMI ≥ 40). CONCLUSIONS Patients with obesity were the most likely to have coexisting conditions, experience postoperative complications, and die during the first admission following EL for high-risk abdominal emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woubet Tefera Kassahun
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebig Strasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Mehdorn
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebig Strasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jonas Babel
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebig Strasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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18
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Khosravi N, Hanson ED, Farajivafa V, Evans WS, Lee JT, Danson E, Wagoner CW, Harrell EP, Sullivan SA, Nyrop KA, Muss HB, Bartlett DB, Jensen BC, Haghighat S, Shamsi MM, Battaglini CL. Exercise-induced modulation of monocytes in breast cancer survivors. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 14:100216. [PMID: 34589753 PMCID: PMC8474256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise training reduces inflammation in breast cancer survivors; however, the mechanism is not fully understood. Objectives The effects of acute and chronic exercise on monocyte toll-like receptor (TLR2 and 4) expression and intracellular cytokine production were examined in sedentary breast cancer survivors. Methods Eleven women with stage I, II, or III breast cancer within one year of treatment completion performed an acute, intermittent aerobic exercise trial. Blood samples were obtained before, immediately, and 1 h after a 45-min acute exercise trial that was performed before and after 16 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance. LPS-stimulated intracellular IL-1ß, TNF, and IL-6 production, and TLR2 and TLR4 expression were evaluated in CD14+CD16- and CD14+CD16+ monocytes using flow cytometry. Results Exercise training decreased IL-1ß+CD14+CD16- proportion (24.6%, p=0.016), IL-1ß+CD14+CD16- mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) (-9989, p=0.014), IL-1ß+CD14+CD16+ MFI (-11101, p=0.02), and IL-6+CD14+CD16- proportion (16.9%, P=0.04). TLR2 and TLR4 expression did not change following exercise training but decreased 1 h after acute exercise in CD14+CD16- (-63, p=0.002) and CD14+CD16+ (-18, p=0.006) monocytes, respectively. Immediately after the acute exercise, both monocyte subgroup cell concentration increased, with CD14+CD16+ concentrations being decreased at 1 h post without changes in intracellular cytokine production. Conclusions Exercise training reduced monocyte intracellular pro-inflammatory cytokine production, especially IL-1ß, although these markers did not change acutely. While acute exercise downregulated the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on monocytes, this was not sustained over the course of training. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training in breast cancer survivors may be, in part, due to reducing resting monocyte pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Khosravi
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Physical Education & Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erik D Hanson
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vahid Farajivafa
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Physical Education & Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - William S Evans
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jordan T Lee
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eli Danson
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chad W Wagoner
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Harrell
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie A Sullivan
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kirsten A Nyrop
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Hematology Oncology University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hyman B Muss
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Hematology Oncology University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Brian C Jensen
- Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shahpar Haghighat
- Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Molanouri Shamsi
- Physical Education & Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Claudio L Battaglini
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE Anastomotic leak (AL) following colorectal cancer resection is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality with an impact on recurrence rates and survival. The impact of obesity on AL rates is debated. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the relationship between obesity and AL. METHODS A search was conducted of the PubMed/MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases and included studies were split into Western and Asian groups based on population-specific body mass index (BMI) ranges for obesity. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the impact of obesity on AL rate following colorectal cancer resection. RESULTS Two thousand three hundred and four articles were initially screened. Thirty-one studies totaling 32,953 patients were included. Patients with obesity had a statistically significant increase in AL rate in all Western and Asian study groups. However, this increase was only clinically significant in the rectal anastomotic subgroups-Western: 10.8% vs 8.4%, OR 1.57 (1.01-2.44) and Asian: 9.4% vs 7.4%, OR 1.58 (1.07-2.32). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this analysis confirm that obesity is a significant risk factor for anastomotic leak, particularly in rectal anastomoses. This effect is thought to be primarily mediated via technical difficulties of surgery although metabolic and immunological factors may also play a role. Obesity in patients undergoing restorative CRC resection should be discussed and considered as part of the pre-operative counselling.
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20
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Kanso F, Khalil A, Noureddine H, El-Makhour Y. Therapeutic perspective of thiosemicarbazones derivatives in inflammatory pathologies: A summary of in vitro/in vivo studies. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107778. [PMID: 34162145 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Following induction of inflammation, the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in activated macrophages induces the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cyclooxygenase (COX), an inflammatory enzyme implicated in the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs). The latter are involved in the transition and the maintenance of chronic inflammation underling various chronic disorders that require treatment. Concerning this, many anti-inflammatory drugs are available to treat the inflammatory disorders, but their therapeutic use is associated with a variety of side effects. Therefore, the discovery of new safer and potential anti-inflammatory drugs is necessary. In this regard, thiosemicarbazones (TSC) compounds and their metals complexes attracted high interest due to their wide range of biological activities, interestingly, the anti-inflammatory activity. They are formed by the action of thiosemicarbazide on an aldehyde or ketone, and contain a sulfur atom in place of the oxygen atom. Their ability to form a stable complex with transition metal is known to enhances the biological activity and reduces the side effects of the parent compound. Thus, this review article describes the inflammatory response mediated by NF-κB-COX-PGs and summarizes the anti-inflammatory activity of different thiosemicarbazones derivatives synthesized in research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Kanso
- Environmental Health Research Lab (EHRL), Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, Lebanon.
| | - Alia Khalil
- Environmental Health Research Lab (EHRL), Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, Lebanon.
| | - Hiba Noureddine
- Environmental Health Research Lab (EHRL), Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, Lebanon.
| | - Yolla El-Makhour
- Environmental Health Research Lab (EHRL), Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, Lebanon.
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21
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Zhou M, Tang Y, Liao L, Liu M, Deng Y, Zhao X, Li Y. Phillygenin inhibited LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell inflammation by NF-κB pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:174043. [PMID: 33745957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a common pathological phenomenon when homeostasis is seriously disturbed. Phillygenin (PHI), a lignin component isolated from Forsythiae Fructus, has shown a good anti-inflammatory effect. However, the mechanisms of PHI on anti-inflammation have not yet been systematically elucidated. In this study, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - induced RAW264.7 cell inflammation model was established to investigate mechanisms of PHI on inflammation. The effect of PHI on the release of IL-1β and PGE2 inflammatory factors induced by LPS was detected by ELISA, and the mRNA expressions of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by RT-qPCR. Proteomics studied the signaling pathways that might be affected by PHI and molecular docking technology was subsequently used to study the possible targets on proteomic screened pathways. Western blot was performed ultimately to detect progressive changes in protein expression on the related pathway. Our research showed that PHI significantly inhibited the robust increase of IL-1β and PGE2 and lowered the transcriptional level of inflammatory genes including IL-6, IL-1β and PGE2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Proteomics results indicated that PHI was involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways. Molecular docking results indicated that PHI had an affinity for most proteins in NF-κB pathway. Western blot analysis proved that PHI inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB pathway activation. On the whole, PHI inhibited the activation of NF-κB pathway, thereby inhibiting the expression of related inflammatory genes and the release of cytokines, and showed a remarkable anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yunqiu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Meichen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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22
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Angeramo CA, Laxague F, Castagnino B, Sadava EE, Schlottmann F. Impact of Obesity on Surgical Outcomes of Laparoscopic Appendectomy: Lessons Learned From 2000 Cases in an Urban Teaching Hospital. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2021; 31:523-527. [PMID: 33605676 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the prevalence of obesity continues to increase worldwide, we aimed to determine the surgical outcomes of obese patients with acute appendicitis undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy (LA). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing LA during the period 2006 to 2019 was performed. The cohort was divided into 2 groups: G1, patients with body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 and G2: patients with body mass index <30 kg/m2. RESULTS A total of 2009 LA were performed; 114 (6%) were included in G1 and 1895 (94%) in G2. Complicated acute appendicitis rate (G1: 39% vs. G2: 20%, P<0.0001), conversion rates (G1: 12% vs. 1.69%, P<0.0001), overall 30-day morbidity rates (G1: 27% vs. G2: 14%, P=0.0001), and postoperative intra-abdominal abscess rates (G1: 8% vs. (2%), P<0.0001) were higher in obese patients. Furthermore, obesity was an independent risk factor for overall morbidity, postoperative intra-abdominal abscess, and conversion to open surgery. CONCLUSION In obese patients, LA had inferior clinical outcomes compared with nonobese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian A Angeramo
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Alemán of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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23
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Nani A, Murtaza B, Sayed Khan A, Khan NA, Hichami A. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Polyphenols Contained in Mediterranean Diet in Obesity: Molecular Mechanisms. Molecules 2021; 26:985. [PMID: 33673390 PMCID: PMC7918790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition transition can be defined as shifts in food habits, and it is characterized by high-fat (chiefly saturated animal fat), hypercaloric and salty food consumption at the expense of dietary fibers, minerals and vitamins. Western dietary patterns serve as a model for studying the impact of nutrition transition on civilization diseases, such as obesity, which is commonly associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. In fact, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction can be associated with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation in obesity. NF-κB regulates gene expression of several oxidant-responsive adipokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Moreover, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which plays a pivotal role in energy homeostasis and in modulation of metabolic inflammation, can be downregulated by IκB kinase (IKK)-dependent TNF-α activation. On the other hand, adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet is highly encouraged because of its healthy dietary pattern, which includes antioxidant nutraceuticals such as polyphenols. Indeed, hydroxycinnamic derivatives, quercetin, resveratrol, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, which are well known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, exert anti-obesity proprieties. In this review, we highlight the impact of the most common polyphenols from Mediterranean foods on molecular mechanisms that mediate obesity-related oxidative stress and inflammation. Hence, we discuss the effects of these polyphenols on a number of signaling pathways. We note that Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) dietary polyphenols can de-regulate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) and NF-κB-mediated oxidative stress, and metabolic inflammation. MedDiet polyphenols are also effective in upregulating downstream effectors of several proteins, chiefly AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhafid Nani
- Laboratory of Saharan Natural Resources, African University Ahmed Draia, Adrar 01000, Algeria
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC)/Agro-Sup, 21000 Dijon, France; (B.M.); (A.S.K.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Babar Murtaza
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC)/Agro-Sup, 21000 Dijon, France; (B.M.); (A.S.K.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Amira Sayed Khan
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC)/Agro-Sup, 21000 Dijon, France; (B.M.); (A.S.K.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Naim Akhtar Khan
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC)/Agro-Sup, 21000 Dijon, France; (B.M.); (A.S.K.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Aziz Hichami
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC)/Agro-Sup, 21000 Dijon, France; (B.M.); (A.S.K.); (N.A.K.)
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24
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Juszczyk K, Kang S, Putnis S, Winn R, Chen J, Aghmesheh M, Fylyk G, Brungs D. High body mass index is associated with an increased overall survival in rectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 11:626-632. [PMID: 32953146 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of increased body mass index (BMI) on clinical outcomes in locoregional rectal cancer is unknown. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study which included 453 consecutive rectal cancer patients undergoing definitive treatment, with confirmed stage I, II or III rectal adenocarcinoma. The association of BMI at diagnosis with overall survival (OS), cancer specific survival (CSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was explored, controlling for key covariates using multivariable analyses. BMI as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) is as follows: BMI <18.5-underweight; 18.5-24.9-normal; 25.0-29.9-pre-obesity; >30-obese. Results Overweight and obese patients had significantly better OS than underweight/normal weight patients (5-year OS 80% for overweight, 77% for obese, and 65% for underweight/normal weight patients, P=0.02). High BMI (>25) was significantly associated with improved OS in univariate [0.62 (0.4-0.8) P=0.007] and multivariable [0.65 (0.4-0.9) P=0.023] analyses. When stratified by stage, high BMI was associated with improved OS in stage III patients (P=0.0009), but not stage II (P=0.21) or stage I (0.54). High BMI was also significantly associated with improved CSS in univariate (HR 0.62, P=0.048) and multivariable analyses (HR 0.58, P=0.03). Conclusions In our study a BMI greater than 25 is significantly associated with a longer OS and CSS in patients with locoregional rectal cancer. These findings may be due to the reduced metabolic capacity for non-obese patients to deal with rectal cancer treatment as well as the burden of disease, however further research is needed to evaluate this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Juszczyk
- Division of Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Wollongong Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharlyn Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong Hospital, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Soni Putnis
- Division of Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Wollongong Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Winn
- Division of Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Wollongong Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - James Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - Morteza Aghmesheh
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - Glaucia Fylyk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shoalhaven Cancer Care Centre, Shoalhaven Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Brungs
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong Hospital, NSW, Australia
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25
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Development of novel human in vitro vascularized adipose tissue model with functional macrophages. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:665-683. [PMID: 32524217 PMCID: PMC7547925 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been proven significant factor in development of type 2 diabetes. So far, most of the adipose tissue related research has been performed in animals, mainly rodent models. The relevance of translation of animal results to humans is questionable. However, in vitro model with relevant human cell source, such as human adipose tissue stromal cells (hASC), can be developed and should be utilized for human adipose tissue research. We developed in vitro models of human adipose tissue utilizing hASC, endothelial cells and monocytes/macrophages. By isolating endothelial cells and macrophages from same adipose tissue as hASC, we were able to provide method for constructing personalized models of adipose tissue. With these models, we studied the effect of macrophages on adipogenesis and protein secretion, with and without vasculature. The models were analyzed for immunocytochemical markers, cell number, triglyceride accumulation and protein secretion. We found that lipid accumulation was greater in adipocytes in the presence of macrophages. Interferon gamma increased this difference between adipocyte culture and Adipocyte-Macrophage co-culture. Protein secretion was affected more by macrophages when vasculature was not present compared to the mild effect when vasculature was present. The vascularized adipose model with macrophages is valuable tool for human adipose tissue research, especially for the personalized medicine approaches; for choosing the right treatments and for studying rare medical conditions.
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26
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Hu W, Wu X, Yu D, Zhao L, Zhu X, Li X, Huang T, Chu Z, Xu Y. Regulation of JNK signaling pathway and RIPK3/AIF in necroptosis-mediated global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Exp Neurol 2020; 331:113374. [PMID: 32502579 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) regulates a newly discovered cell death form called necroptosis. RIPK3 nuclear translocation and inflammatory factor release are involved in necroptosis after rat global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interactions between the RIPK3 and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) necroptosis pathway and the JNK-mediated inflammatory pathway. Rats were subjected to 4-vessel occlusion and reperfusion injury. RIPK3 inhibitor GSK872, RIPk3 recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) and JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 were intracerebroventricular injected before I/R. Hippocampus CA1 tissue were obtained and RIPK3, AIF, p-JNK, IL-6 were determined by western blot analysis. The RIPK3 and AIF interaction were also analyzed by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. The expression of endogenous RIPK3, AIF, p-JNK and IL-6 was increased in hippocampus CA1 in I/R group. In addition, RIPK3 was increased in both the total protein and nuclear protein. GSK872 administration reduced the number of neuron deaths and the expression of RIPK3, p-JNK and IL-6. GSK872 also improve the rat neurobehavior. While use RIPk3 rAAV treatment to overexpress RIPK3, it appeared lower neuron survival. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that RIPK3 and AIF formed as a novel complex in the cytoplasm first, and then nuclear translocation. GSK872 pretreatment decreased the number of RIPK3-positive cells and related to the generation of RIPK3-AIF complex in nuclear. Moreover, the production of inflammatory factors levels was found to be significantly elevated after I/R. We further use SP600125 to attenuate inflammation cascade. It not only inhibits the expression of inflammatory factors p-JNK and IL-6, but also inhibits RIPK3 and AIF in the cytoplasm. Collectively, the results of our study indicate that RIPK3-mediated necroptosis interacts with the JNK-mediated inflammatory signaling pathway to participate in global cerebral I/R injury. JNK-regulated inflammatory mediators may promote the necroptosis initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Dijing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhu Eye Hospital, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Zhaohu Chu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China.
| | - Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China.
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27
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Peng Y, Ren H, Tao H, He C, Li P, Wan JB, Su H. Metabolomics study of the anti-inflammatory effects of endogenous omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. RSC Adv 2019; 9:41903-41912. [PMID: 35541572 PMCID: PMC9076520 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation is usually defined as the chronic production and a low-grade state of inflammatory factors, it often does not have symptoms, and has been associated with neurodegenerative disease, obesity, and diabetes. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are the precursors of many anti-inflammatory metabolites, such as resolvins and neuroprotectins. It is of interest to study the metabolic profile of endogenous n-3 PUFAs in low-grade inflammatory conditions. To evaluate the protective effects of endogenous n-3 PUFAs on low-grade inflammation with the metabolomics approach, we fed fat-1 mice with an n-6 PUFAs rich diet for a long time to induce a low-grade inflammatory condition. Multi-analysis techniques, including structural analysis using quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry with MSE mode, were applied in untargeted metabolomics to search for meaningful metabolites with significant variance in fat-1 mice under low-grade inflammation. Following the untargeted metabolomics screening, several meaningful metabolites were selected which were associated with anti-inflammatory effects generated from endogenous n-3 PUFAs for further analysis. The results revealed that the purine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and oxidative stress response pathways through insulin resistance were involved in anti-inflammatory mechanisms of n-3 PUFA in low-grade inflammatory conditions. For the first time, this study explored the highlighted pathways as contributors to the anti-inflammatory effects of endogenous n-3 PUFAs in low-grade inflammatory conditions. Low-grade inflammation is usually defined as the chronic production and a low-grade state of inflammatory factors, it often does not have symptoms, and has been associated with neurodegenerative disease, obesity, and diabetes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau China
| | - Huixia Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau China
| | - Hongxun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau China
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28
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Rangel-Huerta OD, Pastor-Villaescusa B, Gil A. Are we close to defining a metabolomic signature of human obesity? A systematic review of metabolomics studies. Metabolomics 2019; 15:93. [PMID: 31197497 PMCID: PMC6565659 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a disorder characterized by a disproportionate increase in body weight in relation to height, mainly due to the accumulation of fat, and is considered a pandemic of the present century by many international health institutions. It is associated with several non-communicable chronic diseases, namely, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and cancer. Metabolomics is a useful tool to evaluate changes in metabolites due to being overweight and obesity at the body fluid and cellular levels and to ascertain metabolic changes in metabolically unhealthy overweight and obese individuals (MUHO) compared to metabolically healthy individuals (MHO). OBJECTIVES We aimed to conduct a systematic review (SR) of human studies focused on identifying metabolomic signatures in obese individuals and obesity-related metabolic alterations, such as inflammation or oxidative stress. METHODS We reviewed the literature to identify studies investigating the metabolomics profile of human obesity and that were published up to May 7th, 2019 in SCOPUS and PubMed through an SR. The quality of reporting was evaluated using an adapted of QUADOMICS. RESULTS Thirty-three articles were included and classified according to four types of approaches. (i) studying the metabolic signature of obesity, (ii) studying the differential responses of obese and non-obese subjects to dietary challenges (iii) studies that used metabolomics to predict weight loss and aimed to assess the effects of weight loss interventions on the metabolomics profiles of overweight or obese human subjects (iv) articles that studied the effects of specific dietary patterns or dietary compounds on obesity-related metabolic alterations in humans. CONCLUSION The present SR provides state-of-the-art information about the use of metabolomics as an approach to understanding the dynamics of metabolic processes involved in human obesity and emphasizes metabolic signatures related to obesity phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Daniel Rangel-Huerta
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Belén Pastor-Villaescusa
- LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada", Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs-Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
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Bałys M, Dąbek J, Głogowska-Ligus J, Gąsior Z. Transcriptional activity of transforming growth factor beta1 gene and its receptors in patients with early stages of coronary artery disease. Minerva Med 2019; 110:92-94. [PMID: 30667208 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.18.05619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Bałys
- Department of Cardiology, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Józefa Dąbek
- Department of Cardiology, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland -
| | - Joanna Głogowska-Ligus
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Gąsior
- Department of Cardiology, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Han B, Dai Y, Wu H, Zhang Y, Wan L, Zhao J, Liu Y, Xu S, Zhou L. Cimifugin Inhibits Inflammatory Responses of RAW264.7 Cells Induced by Lipopolysaccharide. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:409-417. [PMID: 30638197 PMCID: PMC6342062 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RAW264.7 cells are induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model. The present study investigated the effect of cimifugin on the proliferation, migration, chemotaxis, and release of inflammation-related factors and inflammation-related signaling pathways of LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS MTS assay was used to determine the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells. Transwell assay was employed to examine the migration and chemotaxis of the cells. ELISA was performed to measure the contents of chemotactic factors and inflammatory factors in cell culture supernatants. Western blotting was carried out to detect the expression of factors related with MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. RESULTS Cimifugin (0-100 mg/L) had no cytotoxicity for RAW264.7 cells. LPS stimulation induced morphological differentiation of RAW264.7 cells, but intervention by cimifugin inhibited the activation effect by LPS by about 50%. Cimifugin (100 mg/L) decreased the migration and chemotaxis of RAW264.7 cells to 1/3 of that in control cells by decreasing the release of migration- and chemotaxis-associated factors by at least 30%. Cimifugin (100 mg/L) suppressed the release of inflammatory factors from RAW264.7 cells to less than 60% of that in the LPS group. In addition, cimifugin (100 mg/L) inhibited the activities of MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that cimifugin reduces the migration and chemotaxis of RAW264.7 cells and inhibits the release of inflammatory factors and activation of related signaling pathways induced by LPS. Cimifugin may have potential pharmacological effects against RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland).,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China (mainland).,Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Yuan Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland).,Health Rehabilitation Institute, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Lihong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Jianlei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanqi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Shijun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland).,Health Rehabilitation Institute, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Liming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
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Cremonini E, Fraga CG, Oteiza PI. (-)-Epicatechin in the control of glucose homeostasis: Involvement of redox-regulated mechanisms. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:478-488. [PMID: 30447350 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports a beneficial action of the flavan-3-ol (-)-epicatechin (EC) on insulin sensitivity and potential impact on the development/progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In humans, supplementation with EC-rich foods, extracts, and pure EC improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in normal weight, overweight, obese and T2D individuals. These effects of EC are also observed in rodent models of diet-induced obesity and T2D. The events involved in the development of insulin resistance and T2D are multiple and interrelated. EC has been shown to inhibit inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, to modulate mitochondrial biogenesis and function, and to regulate events in the gastrointestinal tract and the pancreas that impact glucose homeostasis. A downregulation of oxidant production, particularly through direct inhibition or suppression of NADPH oxidase expression, and of redox sensitive signals (NF-κB, JNK1/2) that inhibit the insulin pathway, appear to be central to the beneficial actions of EC on insulin sensitivity. Overall, EC seems to have a positive role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, however definitive answers on its importance for the management of T2D will depend on further clinical and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cremonini
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Cesar G Fraga
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA; Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, USA.
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32
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Romanick SS, Morrill K, Hostler A, Evans LW, Shen Y, Matsumura A, Piotrowski H, Silva LG, Faciola AP, Ferguson BS. HDAC1/2-mediated regulation of JNK and ERK phosphorylation in bovine mammary epithelial cells in response to TNF-α. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1088-1098. [PMID: 30203485 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-Ts) are a common cell line for the study of mammary epithelial inflammation; these cells are used to mechanistically elucidate molecular underpinnings that contribute to bovine mastitis. Bovine mastitis is the most prevalent form of disease in dairy cattle that culminates in annual losses of two billion dollars for the US dairy industry. Thus, there is an urgent need for improved therapeutic strategies. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are efficacious in rodent models of inflammation, yet their role in bovine mammary cells remain unclear. HDACs have traditionally been studied in the regulation of nucleosomal DNA, in which deacetylation of histones impact chromatin accessibility and gene expression. Using MAC-T cells stimulated with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) as a model for mammary cell inflammation, we report that inhibition of HDACs1 and 2 (HDAC1/2) attenuated TNF-α-mediated inflammatory gene expression. Of note, we report that HDAC1/2-mediated inflammatory gene expression was partly regulated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Here, we report that HDAC1/2 inhibition attenuated JNK and ERK activation and thus inflammatory gene expression. These data suggest that HDACs1 and 2 regulate inflammatory gene expression via canonical (i.e., gene expression) and noncanonical (e.g., signaling dependent) mechanisms. Whereas, further studies using primary cell lines and animal models are needed. Our combined data suggest that HDAC1/2-specific inhibitors may prove efficacious for the treatment of bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha S Romanick
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, & Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Kristen Morrill
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, & Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Andrew Hostler
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, & Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Levi W Evans
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, & Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada.,Department of Environmental Science & Health, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yiqiu Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Allison Matsumura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Haleigh Piotrowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Lorrayny G Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Antonio P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Bradley S Ferguson
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, & Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
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Wang Y, Ma C, Sun Y, Li Y, Kang L, Jiang Y. Dynamic transcriptome and DNA methylome analyses on longissimus dorsi to identify genes underlying intramuscular fat content in pigs. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:780. [PMID: 29025412 PMCID: PMC5639760 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The intramuscular fat content (IMF) refers to the amount of fat within muscles, including the sum of phospholipids mainly found in cell membranes, triglycerides and cholesterol, and is determined both by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adipocyte during the development of pigs. The IMF content is an important economic trait that is genetically controlled by multiple genes. The Laiwu pig is an indigenous fatty pig breed distributed in North China, characterized by excessively higher level of IMF content (9%~12%), therefore, is suitable for the identification of genes controlling IMF variations. To identify genes underlying IMF deposition, we performed genome-wide transcriptome and methylome analyses on longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle in Laiwu pigs across four developmental stages. Results A total of 22,524 expressed genes were detected and 1158 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were hierarchically clustered in the LD muscle over four developmental stages from 60 d to 400 d. These genes were significantly clustered into four temporal expression profiles, and genes participating in fat cell differentiation and lipid biosynthesis processes were identified. From 120 d to 240 d, the period with the maximum IMF deposition rate, the lipid biosynthesis related genes (FOSL1, FAM213B and G0S2), transcription factors (TFs) (EGR1, KLF5, SREBF2, TP53 and TWIST1) and enriched pathways (steroid biosynthesis and fatty acid biosynthesis) were revealed; and fat biosynthesis relevant genes showing differences in DNA methylation in gene body or intergenic region were detected, such as FASN, PVALB, ID2, SH3PXD2B and EGR1. Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive landscape of transcriptome of the LD muscle in Laiwu pigs ranging from 60 to 400 days old, and methylome of the LD muscle in 120 d and 240 d Laiwu pigs. A set of candidate genes and TFs involved in fat biosynthesis process were identified, which were probably responsible for IMF deposition. The results from this study would provide a reference for the identification of genes controlling IMF variation, and for exploring molecular mechanisms underlying IMF deposition in pigs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4201-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuding Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Central Hospital of Taian, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Kang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunliang Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China.
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The Impact of Body Mass Index on Abdominal Wall Reconstruction Outcomes: A Comparative Study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 139:1234-1244. [PMID: 28445378 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000003264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and higher body mass index may be associated with higher rates of wound healing complications and hernia recurrence rates following complex abdominal wall reconstruction. The authors hypothesized that higher body mass indexes result in higher rates of postoperative wound healing complications but similar rates of hernia recurrence in abdominal wall reconstruction patients. METHODS The authors included 511 consecutive patients who underwent abdominal wall reconstruction with underlay mesh. Patients were divided into three groups on the basis of preoperative body mass index: less than 30 kg/m (nonobese), 30 to 34.9 kg/m (class I obesity), and 35 kg/m or greater (class II/III obesity). The authors compared postoperative outcomes among these groups. RESULTS Class I and class II/III obesity patients had higher surgical-site occurrence rates than nonobese patients (26.4 percent versus 14.9 percent, p = 0.006; and 36.8 percent versus 14.9 percent, p < 0.001, respectively) and higher overall complication rates (37.9 percent versus 24.7 percent, p = 0.007; and 43.4 percent versus 24.7 percent, p < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, obese patients had significantly higher skin dehiscence (19.3 percent versus 7.2 percent, p < 0.001; and 26.5 percent versus 7.2 percent, p < 0.001, respectively) and fat necrosis rates (10.0 percent versus 2.1 percent, p = 0.001; and 11.8 percent versus 2.1 percent, p < 0.001, respectively) than nonobese patients. Obesity class II/III patients had higher infection and seroma rates than nonobese patients (9.6 percent versus 4.3 percent, p = 0.041; and 8.1 percent versus 2.1 percent, p = 0.006, respectively). However, class I and class II/III obesity patients experienced hernia recurrence rates (11.4 percent versus 7.7 percent, p = 0.204; and 10.3 percent versus 7.7 percent, p = 0.381, respectively) and freedom from hernia recurrence (overall log-rank, p = 0.41) similar to those of nonobese patients. CONCLUSION Hernia recurrence rates do not appear to be affected by obesity on long-term follow-up in abdominal wall reconstruction. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Risk, II.
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35
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Engin A. Human Protein Kinases and Obesity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:111-134. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Li H, Yoon JH, Won HJ, Ji HS, Yuk HJ, Park KH, Park HY, Jeong TS. Isotrifoliol inhibits pro-inflammatory mediators by suppression of TLR/NF-κB and TLR/MAPK signaling in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 45:110-119. [PMID: 28192731 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Soybeans, produced by Glycine max (L.) Merr., contain high levels of isoflavones, such as genistein and daidzein. However, soy leaves contain more diverse and abundant flavonol glycosides and coumestans, as compared to the soybean. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of the major coumestans present in soy leaf (coumestrol, isotrifoliol, and phaseol) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Coumestans significantly reduced LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; isotrifoliol had the most potent anti-inflammatory activity. Isotrifoliol reduced LPS-mediated induction of mRNA expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and chemokines, such as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 2, CCL3, and CCL4. Isotrifoliol prevented NF-κB p65 subunit activation by reducing the phosphorylation and degradation of the inhibitor of NF-κB. And isotrifoliol significantly suppressed phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Furthermore, isotrifoliol suppressed LPS-induced Toll-like Receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, including mRNA expression of TNF receptor associated factor 6, transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), TAK1 binding protein 2 (TAB2), and TAB3. These results demonstrate that isotrifoliol exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing the expression of inflammatory mediators via inhibition of TLR/NF-κB and TLR/MAPK signaling in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Therefore, isotrifoliol can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent, and coumestan-rich soy leaf extracts may provide a useful dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Won
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Seon Ji
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Heong Joo Yuk
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yong Park
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Insect Biotech Co. Ltd., Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sook Jeong
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Cohen S, Danzaki K, MacIver NJ. Nutritional effects on T-cell immunometabolism. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:225-235. [PMID: 28054344 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
T cells are highly influenced by nutrient uptake from their environment, and changes in overall nutritional status, such as malnutrition or obesity, can result in altered T-cell metabolism and behavior. In states of severe malnutrition or starvation, T-cell survival, proliferation, and inflammatory cytokine production are all decreased, as is T-cell glucose uptake and metabolism. The altered T-cell function and metabolism seen in malnutrition is associated with altered adipokine levels, most particularly decreased leptin. Circulating leptin levels are low in malnutrition, and leptin has been shown to be a key link between nutrition and immunity. The current view is that leptin signaling is required to upregulate activated T-cell glucose metabolism and thereby fuel T-cell activation. In the setting of obesity, T cells have been found to have a key role in promoting the recruitment of inflammatory macrophages to adipose depots along with the production of inflammatory cytokines that promote the development of insulin resistance leading to diabetes. Deletion of T cells, key T-cell transcription factors, or pro-inflammatory T-cell cytokines prevents insulin resistance in obesity and underscores the importance of T cells in obesity-associated inflammation and metabolic disease. Altogether, T cells have a critical role in nutritional immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Keiko Danzaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nancie J MacIver
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Gómez-Hernández A, Beneit N, Díaz-Castroverde S, Escribano Ó. Differential Role of Adipose Tissues in Obesity and Related Metabolic and Vascular Complications. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:1216783. [PMID: 27766104 PMCID: PMC5059561 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1216783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the contribution of white, brown, and perivascular adipose tissues to the pathophysiology of obesity and its associated metabolic and vascular complications. Weight gain in obesity generates excess of fat, usually visceral fat, and activates the inflammatory response in the adipocytes and then in other tissues such as liver. Therefore, low systemic inflammation responsible for insulin resistance contributes to atherosclerotic process. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between body mass index and brown adipose tissue activity has been described. For these reasons, in recent years, in order to combat obesity and its related complications, as a complement to conventional treatments, a new insight is focusing on the role of the thermogenic function of brown and perivascular adipose tissues as a promising therapy in humans. These lines of knowledge are focused on the design of new drugs, or other approaches, in order to increase the mass and/or activity of brown adipose tissue or the browning process of beige cells from white adipose tissue. These new treatments may contribute not only to reduce obesity but also to prevent highly prevalent complications such as type 2 diabetes and other vascular alterations, such as hypertension or atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Beneit
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabela Díaz-Castroverde
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Wasko MK, Bobecka-Wesołowska K, Tomasiuk R, Kowalczewski J. Measurement of the inflammatory response in the early postoperative period after hip and knee arthroplasty. Clin Chem Lab Med 2016; 53:1785-92. [PMID: 25781692 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2014-1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to identify an inflammatory marker with fast and predictable kinetics to enable future discrimination between normal postoperative inflammation and potential infection after total hip and knee arthroplasty cases. METHODS Changes in serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins (IL) 1β, 6 and 8 and NT-proCNP peptide were measured before and during first 5 postoperative days in 100 patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty. We also compared two methods to describe the magnitude of inflammation--applying separate two sample tests at each time point, and summary measures--area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS IL-6 showed a similar kinetics pattern to the CRP in response to surgical trauma. Significantly greater level changes in all markers but NT-proCNP were observed in knee patients. Persisting high levels of CRP, but not other markers, were observed in obese hip patients. IL-6 was found to be an adjunct to routine CRP use. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 has faster kinetics and is less influenced by patient weight, therefore it seems to be more useful in clinical practice. Summary measures describe the inflammatory response well and are easier to analyze than multiple analyses of single time points.
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Govaert JA, Lijftogt N, van Dijk WA, Tseng LNL, Liem RSL, Tollenaar RAEM, Fiocco M, Wouters MWJM. Colorectal cancer surgery for obese patients: Financial and clinical outcomes of a Dutch population-based registry. J Surg Oncol 2016; 113:489-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.24187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A. Govaert
- Department of Surgery; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden Zuid-Holland the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis; Gouda Zuid-Holland the Netherlands
| | - Niki Lijftogt
- Department of Surgery; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden Zuid-Holland the Netherlands
| | - Wouter A. van Dijk
- Performation; Bilthoven Utrecht the Netherlands
- X-IS; Delft Zuid-Holland the Netherlands
| | - Larissa N. L. Tseng
- Department of Surgery; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis; Gouda Zuid-Holland the Netherlands
- Dutch Obesity Clinic; Den Haag Zuid-Holland the Netherlands
| | - Ronald S. L. Liem
- Department of Surgery; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis; Gouda Zuid-Holland the Netherlands
- Dutch Obesity Clinic; Den Haag Zuid-Holland the Netherlands
| | - Rob A. E. M. Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden Zuid-Holland the Netherlands
| | - Marta Fiocco
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden Zuid-Holland the Netherlands
- Leiden University Mathematical Institute; Leiden Zuid-Holland the Netherlands
| | - Michel W. J. M. Wouters
- Department of Surgery; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden Zuid-Holland the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Amsterdam Noord-Holland the Netherlands
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Ehsan M, Singh KK, Lovren F, Pan Y, Quan A, Mantella LE, Sandhu P, Teoh H, Al-Omran M, Verma S. Adiponectin limits monocytic microparticle-induced endothelial activation by modulation of the AMPK, Akt and NFκB signaling pathways. Atherosclerosis 2016; 245:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ralston JC, Metherel AH, Stark KD, Mutch DM. SCD1 mediates the influence of exogenous saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in adipocytes: Effects on cellular stress, inflammatory markers and fatty acid elongation. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 27:241-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Fang L, Guo F, Zhou L, Stahl R, Grams J. The cell size and distribution of adipocytes from subcutaneous and visceral fat is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans. Adipocyte 2015; 4:273-9. [PMID: 26451283 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2015.1034920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Regional deposition of adipose tissue and adipocyte morphology may contribute to increased risk for insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to compare adipocyte cell size and size distribution from multiple fat depots and to determine the association with type 2 diabetes mellitus, anthropomorphic data, and subjects' metabolic profile. METHODS Clinical data and adipose tissue from subcutaneous fat, omentum, and mesentery were collected from 30 subjects with morbid obesity. Adipocytes were isolated by collagenase digestion and sized by microscopic measurement of cell diameter. RESULTS Overall, adipocytes from subcutaneous fat were larger than those from omentum or mesentery. For the subcutaneous and omental fat depots, there was a significant increase in % small cells (14.9% vs 31.4%, p = 0 .006 and 14.0% vs 30.5%, p = 0 .015, respectively) and corresponding decrease in % large cells for nondiabetic vs diabetic patients. There was a similar trend for mesentery but it did not reach statistical significance (p = 0 .090). For omentum and mesentery, there was also a significant decrease in the diameter of the small cells. Fasting glucose was positively correlated with fraction of small cells in omentum and mesentery, and HbA1C was positively correlated with fraction of small cells in the omental fat depot. There was no correlation between large cell diameter with clinical parameters in any of the fat depots. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results indicate size distribution of adipocytes, specifically an increase in the fraction of small cells, is associated with the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Fang L, Kojima K, Zhou L, Crossman DK, Mobley JA, Grams J. Analysis of the Human Proteome in Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat Depots in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Patients with Morbid Obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:133-141. [PMID: 26472921 PMCID: PMC4603752 DOI: 10.4172/jpb.1000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
No longer regarded as simply a storage depot, fat is a dynamic organ acting locally and systemically to modulate energy homeostasis, glucose sensitivity, insulin resistance, and inflammatory pathways. Here, mass spectrometry was used to survey the proteome of patient matched subcutaneous fat and visceral fat in 20 diabetic vs 22 nondiabetic patients with morbid obesity. A similar number of proteins (~600) were identified in each tissue type. When stratified by diabetic status, 19 and 41 proteins were found to be differentially abundant in subcutaneous fat and omentum, respectively. These proteins represent pathways known to be involved in metabolism. Five of these proteins were differentially abundant in both fat depots: moesin, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein, protein cordon-bleu, zinc finger protein 611, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1. Three proteins, decorin, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1, and 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein, were further tested for validation by western blot analysis. Investigation of the proteins reported here is expected to expand on the current knowledge of adipose tissue driven biochemistry in diabetes and obesity, with the ultimate goal of identifying clinical targets for the development of novel therapeutic interventions in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. To our knowledge, this study is the first to survey the global proteome derived from each subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue obtained from the same patient in the clinical setting of morbid obesity, with and without diabetes. It is also the largest study of diabetic vs nondiabetic patients with 42 patients surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Fang
- Ningbo Lihuili Hospital; Ningbo, Zhejiang, China ; Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kyoko Kojima
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Heflin Center for Genomic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA ; Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James A Mobley
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA ; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA ; Heflin Center for Genomic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jayleen Grams
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA ; Department of Surgery, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Nagaraju GP, Aliya S, Alese OB. Role of adiponectin in obesity related gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:83-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Valadez JA, Cuajungco MP. PAX5 is the transcriptional activator of mucolipin-2 (MCOLN2) gene. Gene 2014; 555:194-202. [PMID: 25445271 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential mucolipin (TRPML) proteins belong to the TRP superfamily of non-selective cation channels. The TRPML1, -2, and -3 proteins are encoded by Mucolipin (MCOLN)-1, -2 and -3 genes, respectively. TRPML1 has been associated with mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV), while no disease phenotype has been linked with TRPML2 or -3 protein. The TRPML proteins share high sequence similarities, form hetero-tetramers, and serve in membrane trafficking, autophagy, and metal homeostasis. Previous studies suggest that TRPML2 serves a role in the immune system; however, the evidence is mostly indirect. We hypothesize that if TRPML2 is involved in immune function its expression would be likely regulated by an immune-associated transcription factor protein. Thus, we set out to identify the core promoter region and the transcription factor responsible for MCOLN2 gene expression. Using dual-luciferase assay and over-expression analyses, we reveal for the first time that B-cell lineage specific activator protein (BSAP), also known as paired box 5 (PAX5), controls MCOLN2 expression. Specifically, heterologous expression of PAX5 in HEK-293 cells significantly increased endogenous MCOLN2 transcript and TRPML2 protein levels, while RNA interference targeting endogenous PAX5 reduced its effect. Site-directed mutagenesis studies showed that the core promoter and PAX5 binding region to be between -79 and -60 base pairs upstream of the transcriptional start site. Thus, our findings add to a growing list of evidence for TRPML2's possible involvement in the immune system. The knowledge gained from this study could be used to further characterize the role of TRPML2 in B-cell development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Valadez
- Department of Biological Science, and Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, California State University Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
| | - Math P Cuajungco
- Department of Biological Science, and Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, California State University Fullerton, CA 92831, USA; Mental Health Research Institute, Melbourne Brain Centre, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Bettaieb A, Vazquez Prieto MA, Rodriguez Lanzi C, Miatello RM, Haj FG, Fraga CG, Oteiza PI. (-)-Epicatechin mitigates high-fructose-associated insulin resistance by modulating redox signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 72:247-56. [PMID: 24746618 PMCID: PMC4077617 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the capacity of dietary (-)-epicatechin (EC) to mitigate insulin resistance through the modulation of redox-regulated mechanisms in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Adolescent rats were fed a regular chow diet without or with high fructose (HFr; 10% w/v) in drinking water for 8 weeks, and a group of HFr-fed rats was supplemented with EC in the diet. HFr-fed rats developed insulin resistance, which was mitigated by EC supplementation. Accordingly, the activation of components of the insulin signaling cascade (insulin receptor, IRS1, Akt, and ERK1/2) was impaired, whereas negative regulators (PKC, IKK, JNK, and PTP1B) were upregulated in the liver and adipose tissue of HFr rats. These alterations were partially or totally prevented by EC supplementation. In addition, EC inhibited events that contribute to insulin resistance: HFr-associated increased expression and activity of NADPH oxidase, activation of redox-sensitive signals, expression of NF-κB-regulated proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and some sub-arms of endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling. Collectively, these findings indicate that EC supplementation can mitigate HFr-induced insulin resistance and are relevant for defining interventions that can prevent/mitigate MetS-associated insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Marcela A Vazquez Prieto
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo and Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Rodriguez Lanzi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo and Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Roberto M Miatello
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo and Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Fawaz G Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - César G Fraga
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Physical Chemistry-IBIMOL, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Bishehsari F, Mahdavinia M, Vacca M, Malekzadeh R, Mariani-Costantini R. Epidemiological transition of colorectal cancer in developing countries: Environmental factors, molecular pathways, and opportunities for prevention. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6055-6072. [PMID: 24876728 PMCID: PMC4033445 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i20.6055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer and cancer-related mortality worldwide. The disease has been traditionally a major health problem in industrial countries, however the CRC rates are increasing in the developing countries that are undergoing economic growth. Several environmental risk factors, mainly changes in diet and life style, have been suggested to underlie the rise of CRC in these populations. Diet and lifestyle impinge on nuclear receptors, on the intestinal microbiota and on crucial molecular pathways that are implicated in intestinal carcinogenesis. In this respect, the epidemiological transition in several regions of the world offers a unique opportunity to better understand CRC carcinogenesis by studying the disease phenotypes and their environmental and molecular associations in different populations. The data from these studies may have important implications for the global prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Seishima R, Okabayashi K, Hasegawa H, Sugiyama D, Ishii Y, Tsuruta M, Takebayashi T, Kitagawa Y. Obesity was associated with a decreased postoperative recurrence of rectal cancer in a Japanese population. Surg Today 2014; 44:2324-31. [PMID: 24840399 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-014-0899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity contributes to the technical difficulty of rectal surgery and is considered to be a risk factor for postoperative complications. The impact of obesity on the long-term outcomes of rectal cancer surgery remains unclear. METHODS A total of 263 consecutive rectal cancer patients who underwent surgery were categorized into two groups according to the body mass index (BMI) based on the Asian BMI classification: non-obese (BMI <25 kg/m(2)) and obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m(2)). The postoperative survival and recurrence rates and oncological surgical quality indicators were compared between groups using the univariate and multivariate analyses. The differences in recurrence patterns were assessed by a competing risk regression analysis. RESULTS 64 (24%) patients were included in the obese group. The number of retrieved lymph nodes was significantly greater in the non-obese group than in the obese group (22.4 vs. 16.0, P < 0.01). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 86.5 and 68.8% in the obese and non-obese groups, respectively (P = 0.01). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that obesity significantly decreased the postoperative recurrence rate (P = 0.04). Moreover, the BMI was significantly associated with distant metastasis (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Obese rectal cancer patients have high DFS rates and a decreased incidence of distant metastases compared to non-obese patients. The BMI may be a key factor for predicting the postoperative prognosis and determination of an appropriate strategy for the treatment of rectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Seishima
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan
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Cuzzone DA, Weitman ES, Albano NJ, Ghanta S, Savetsky IL, Gardenier JC, Joseph WJ, Torrisi JS, Bromberg JF, Olszewski WL, Rockson SG, Mehrara BJ. IL-6 regulates adipose deposition and homeostasis in lymphedema. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H1426-34. [PMID: 24633552 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01019.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lymphedema (LE) is a morbid disease characterized by chronic limb swelling and adipose deposition. Although it is clear that lymphatic injury is necessary for this pathology, the mechanisms that underlie lymphedema remain unknown. IL-6 is a known regulator of adipose homeostasis in obesity and has been shown to be increased in primary and secondary models of lymphedema. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the role of IL-6 in adipose deposition in lymphedema. The expression of IL-6 was analyzed in clinical tissue specimens and serum from patients with or without LE, as well as in two mouse models of lymphatic injury. In addition, we analyzed IL-6 expression/adipose deposition in mice deficient in CD4(+) cells (CD4KO) or IL-6 expression (IL-6KO) or mice treated with a small molecule inhibitor of IL-6 or CD4 depleting antibodies to determine how IL-6 expression is regulated and the effect of changes in IL-6 expression on adipose deposition after lymphatic injury. Patients with LE and mice treated with lymphatic excision of the tail had significantly elevated tissue and serum expression of IL-6 and its downstream mediator. The expression of IL-6 was associated with adipose deposition and CD4(+) inflammation and was markedly decreased in CD4KO mice. Loss of IL-6 function resulted in significantly increased adipose deposition after tail lymphatic injury. Our findings suggest that IL-6 is increased as a result of adipose deposition and CD4(+) cell inflammation in lymphedema. In addition, our study suggests that IL-6 expression in lymphedema acts to limit adipose accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Cuzzone
- The Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Evan S Weitman
- The Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nicholas J Albano
- The Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Swapna Ghanta
- The Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ira L Savetsky
- The Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jason C Gardenier
- The Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Walter J Joseph
- The Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jeremy S Torrisi
- The Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jacqueline F Bromberg
- The Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Waldemar L Olszewski
- The Department of Surgical Research and Transplantology, Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanley G Rockson
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | - Babak J Mehrara
- The Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York;
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