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Couëdelo L, Lennon S, Abrous H, Chamekh I, Bouju C, Griffon H, Vaysse C, Larvol L, Breton G. In Vivo Absorption and Lymphatic Bioavailability of Docosahexaenoic Acid from Microalgal Oil According to Its Physical and Chemical Form of Vectorization. Nutrients 2024; 16:1014. [PMID: 38613047 PMCID: PMC11013230 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid (FA) with proven pro-health effects, but improving its bioavailability is becoming a public health issue. The bioavailability of DHA from microalgal (A) oil has been comprehensively assessed, particularly in terms of the molecular structuring capabilities offered by A-oil. Here, we explored the impact of five DHA-rich formulas differing in terms of (i) molecular structure, i.e., ethyl ester (EE), monoglyceride (MG), or triglyceride (TG), and (ii) supramolecular form, i.e., emulsified TG or TG + phospholipids (PL blend) on the lymphatic kinetics of DHA absorption and the lipid characteristics of the resulting lipoproteins. We demonstrated in rats that the conventional A-DHA TG structure afforded more effective DHA absorption than the EE structure (+23%). Furthermore, the A-DHA MG and A-DHA emulsions were the better DHA vectors (AUC: 89% and +42%, respectively) due to improved lipolysis. The A-DHA MG and A-DHA emulsion presented the richest DHA content in TG (+40%) and PL (+50%) of lymphatic chylomicrons, which could affect the metabolic fate of DHA. We concluded that structuring A-DHA in TG or EE form would better serve for tissue and hepatic metabolism whereas A-DHA in MG and emulsion form could better target nerve tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Couëdelo
- ITERG, Nutrition Life Sciences, 33610 Bordeaux, France; (H.A.); (I.C.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.V.)
| | | | - Hélène Abrous
- ITERG, Nutrition Life Sciences, 33610 Bordeaux, France; (H.A.); (I.C.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Ikram Chamekh
- ITERG, Nutrition Life Sciences, 33610 Bordeaux, France; (H.A.); (I.C.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Corentin Bouju
- ITERG, Nutrition Life Sciences, 33610 Bordeaux, France; (H.A.); (I.C.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Hugues Griffon
- ITERG, Nutrition Life Sciences, 33610 Bordeaux, France; (H.A.); (I.C.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Carole Vaysse
- ITERG, Nutrition Life Sciences, 33610 Bordeaux, France; (H.A.); (I.C.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.V.)
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He WS, Wang Q, Zhao L, Li J, Li J, Wei N, Chen G. Nutritional composition, health-promoting effects, bioavailability, and encapsulation of tree peony seed oil: a review. Food Funct 2023; 14:10265-10285. [PMID: 37929791 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Tree peony is cultivated worldwide in large quantities due to its exceptional ornamental and medicinal value. In recent years, the edible value of tree peony seed oil (TPSO) has garnered significant attention for its high content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, >40%) and other beneficial minor components, including phytosterols, tocopherols, squalene, and phenolics. This review provides a systematic summary of the nutritional composition and health-promoting effects of TPSO, with a specific focus on its digestion, absorption, bioavailability, and encapsulation status. Additionally, information on techniques for extracting and identifying adulteration of TPSO, as well as its commercial applications and regulated policies, is included. Thanks to its unique nutrients, TPSO offers a wide range of health benefits, such as hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, cholesterol-lowering, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, and regulation of the intestinal microbiota. Consequently, TPSO shows promising potential in the food and cosmetic industries and should be cultivated in more countries. However, the application of TPSO is hindered by its low bioavailability, poor stability, and limited water dispersibility. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective delivery strategies, such as microencapsulation and emulsion, to overcome these limitations. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the nutritional value of TPSO and emphasizes the need for further research on its nutrition and product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sen He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liying Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jie Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Junjie Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Na Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
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He WS, Wang Q, Li Z, Li J, Zhao L, Li J, Tan C, Gong F. Enhancing the Stability and Bioaccessibility of Tree Peony Seed Oil Using Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembling Bilayer Emulsions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051128. [PMID: 37237994 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tree peony seed oil (TPSO) is an important plant source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (α-linolenic acid, ALA > 40%) that is receiving increasing attention for its excellent antioxidant and other activities. However, it has poor stability and bioavailability. In this study, a bilayer emulsion of TPSO was successfully prepared using a layer-by-layer self-assembly technique. Among the proteins and polysaccharides examined, whey protein isolate (WPI) and sodium alginate (SA) were found to be the most suitable wall materials. The prepared bilayer emulsion contained 5% TPSO, 0.45% whey protein isolate (WPI) and 0.5% sodium alginate (SA) under selected conditions and its zeta potential, droplet size, and polydispersity index were -31 mV, 1291 nm, and 27%, respectively. The loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency for TPSO were up to 84% and 90.2%, respectively. It was noteworthy that the bilayer emulsion showed significantly enhanced oxidative stability (peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content) compared to the monolayer emulsion, which was accompanied by a more ordered spatial structure caused by the electrostatic interaction of the WPI with the SA. This bilayer emulsion also exhibited markedly improved environmental stability (pH, metal ion), rheological properties, and physical stability during storage. Furthermore, the bilayer emulsion was more easily digested and absorbed, and had higher fatty acid release rate and ALA bioaccessibility than TPSO alone and the physical mixtures. These results suggest that bilayer emulsion containing WPI and SA is an effective TPSO encapsulation system and has significant potential for future functional food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sen He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhishuo Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Liying Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Junjie Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chen Tan
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fayong Gong
- Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Xichang 615013, China
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Buisson C, Leuzy V, Loizon E, Meugnier E, Monnoye M, Philippe C, Gérard P, Michalski MC, Laugerette F. Soy Lecithin in High-Fat Diets Exerts Dual Effects on Adipose Tissue Versus Ileum. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200461. [PMID: 36708587 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Lipopolysaccharides and their transporters, LBP and sCD14, are involved in systemic inflammation following a high-fat diet. Natural emulsifiers such as soy lecithin, rich in soybean polar lipids (SPL), are often used by the food industry but little is known about effects of associating SPL with different oils. METHODS AND RESULTS Thus, this study investigates the effects of 4 weeks feeding of palm (P) or rapeseed (R) oil-enriched diets with or without SPL in mice, on white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, on ileum permeability, and on microbiota composition. When SPL are associated with rapeseed oil, a greater gene expression of leptin and inflammation in WAT is observed compared to P-SPL. In ileum, R-SPL group results in a lower expression of TLR4, IAP that detoxify bacterial LPS and tight junction proteins than R group. In turn, the gene expression of Reg3β and Reg3γ, which have antimicrobial activity, is higher in ileum of R-SPL group than in R group. SPL in rapeseed oil increases specific bacterial species belonging to Lachnospiraceae, Alistipes, and Bacteroidales. CONCLUSION The incorporation of SPL in a diet with rapeseed oil exerts differential effect on WAT and ileum, with respectively an inflammation of WAT and an antimicrobial activity in ileum, associated with specific microbiota changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Buisson
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN laboratory INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, 69310, France
| | - Valentin Leuzy
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN laboratory INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, 69310, France
| | - Emmanuelle Loizon
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN laboratory INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, 69310, France
| | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN laboratory INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, 69310, France
| | - Magali Monnoye
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Catherine Philippe
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Philippe Gérard
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN laboratory INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, 69310, France.,CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Oullins, 69310, France
| | - Fabienne Laugerette
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN laboratory INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, 69310, France
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Sun H, Ma Y, Huang X, Song L, Guo H, Sun X, Li N, Qiao M. Stabilization of flaxseed oil nanoemulsions based on flaxseed gum: Effects of temperature, pH and NaCl on stability. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Mueed A, Shibli S, Korma SA, Madjirebaye P, Esatbeyoglu T, Deng Z. Flaxseed Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Composition, Functional Properties, Food Applications and Health Benefits-Related Gut Microbes. Foods 2022; 11:3307. [PMCID: PMC9602266 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) has gained worldwide recognition as a health food because of its abundance in diverse nutrients and bioactive compounds such as oil, fatty acids, proteins, peptides, fiber, lignans, carbohydrates, mucilage, and micronutrients. These constituents attribute a multitude of beneficial properties to flaxseed that makes its use possible in various applications, such as nutraceuticals, food products, cosmetics, and biomaterials. The importance of these flaxseed components has also increased in modern times because of the newer trend among consumers of greater reliance on a plant-based diet for fulfilling their nutritional requirements, which is perceived to be hypoallergenic, more environmentally friendly, sustainable, and humane. The role of flaxseed substances in the maintenance of a healthy composition of the gut microbiome, prevention, and management of multiple diseases has recently been elucidated in various studies, which have highlighted its importance further as a powerful nutritional remedy. Many articles previously reported the nutritive and health benefits of flaxseed, but no review paper has been published reporting the use of individual flaxseed components in a manner to improve the techno-functional properties of foods. This review summarizes almost all possible applications of flaxseed ingredients in food products from an extensive online literature survey; moreover, it also outlines the way forward to make this utilization even better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mueed
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Sahar Shibli
- National Agriculture Research Center, Food Science Research Institute, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sameh A. Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Philippe Madjirebaye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.E.); (Z.D.); Tel.: +49-5117625589 (T.E.); +86-791-88304402 (Z.D.)
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Correspondence: (T.E.); (Z.D.); Tel.: +49-5117625589 (T.E.); +86-791-88304402 (Z.D.)
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Liu J, Wang YJ, Huang XY, Li XZ, Ma CG, McClements DJ. NMR Analysis of Lipid Oxidation in Flaxseed Oil-in-Water Emulsions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8417-8429. [PMID: 35767802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The formation of linolenic (Ln) and linoleic (L) acyl oxidation products during storage of flaxseed oil (FO)-in-water emulsions was monitored using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, as well as chemical analytical methods and gas chromatography. Emulsions containing 10% FO and 1% Tween 60 were prepared by homogenization and then stored at 37 °C in the dark for 21 days under accelerated oxidation conditions (500 μmol ferrous sulfate). The induction time of the emulsions, after which rapid lipid oxidation was first observed, was 5-7 days, as shown by increases in peroxide values and hydroperoxide concentrations determined by NMR spectroscopy. Analysis of the hexanal and propanal concentrations during storage by HS-SPME-GC indicated that the oxidation of Ln and L acyls in the emulsions occurred simultaneously. The oxidation products originating from the Ln and L acyls were monitored using 1H NMR spectroscopy throughout the oxidation process. These results also showed that the Ln and L acyls oxidized simultaneously, and isomers of hydroperoxy-cyclic hydroperoxides (HCPs), Z,E-conjugated dienic hydroperoxides (ZECDHPs), and E,E-conjugated dienic hydroperoxides (EECDHPs) were the major primary oxidation products. Aldehydes were observed after 7 days, which was taken to be the start of the propagation stage, with the formation of a significant amount of oxygenated α, β-unsaturated aldehydes (OαβUAs). Based on the concentrations of hydroperoxides originating from the Ln and L acyls, our results suggested that the loss rate of L acyls was parallel to that of Ln acyls. This result was consistent with Ln acyls adopting a tighter packing at the oil-water interface in the emulsions than L acyls. This hypothesis was supported by the NMR relaxation time data. A good correlation between the isomer concentrations of ZECDHPs and HCPs in Ln acyls and between ZECDHPs and EECDHPs in L acyls was shown, with the mole ratios between them being 1.2 and 1.1, respectively. Droplet size and microstructure analyses showed that droplet aggregation occurred from 11 days onwards, which was attributed to polar oxidation products located at the oil droplet surfaces promoting coalescence. Zeta-potential measurements indicated that the droplets became more negative during storage, which was attributed to the accumulation of anionic reaction products at the droplet surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
- Institute of Grain and Oil Standardization, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Ya Juan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Xue Yan Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Xing Zhen Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Chuan Guo Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Effect of Gum Acacia on the Intestinal Bioavailability of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Rats. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070975. [PMID: 35883531 PMCID: PMC9313134 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid emulsification is a technique that is being explored for improving the bioavailability of omega 3 (n-3) long chain (LC) fatty acid (FA). The nature of the emulsifiers can differently impact the lipid bioavailability via a modification of the lipolysis step. Among natural emulsifiers, gum acacia (GA), an indigestible polysaccharide, provides protective encapsulation of n-3 by forming a specifically crown-like shape around lipid drops, which could also impact the digestion step. Despite the interest in lipolysis rate, the impact of GA on lipid bioavailability has never been explored in a complete physiological context. Thus, we followed in a kinetics study the n-3 bioavailability in rat lymph, orally administered DHA-rich oil, formulated based on GA compared to the bulk phase form of the oil. The AUC values were significantly improved by +121% for total TG and by 321% for n-3 PUFA, specifically for EPA (+244%) and for DHA (+345%). Benefits of GA have also been related to the transport of FA in lymph, which was 2 h earlier (Tmax = 4 h), compared to the Tmax (6 h) obtained with the bulk phase oil. All the data showed that GA is one of the most favorable candidates of natural emulsifiers to improve n-3 bioavailability and their rate of absorption for health targets.
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Effect of increased levels of dietary α-linolenic acid on the n-3 PUFA bioavailability and oxidative stress in rat. Br J Nutr 2022; 127:1320-1333. [PMID: 34462019 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the impact of increased alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) dietary levels on its plasma bioavailability and its bioconversion in n-3 long chain poly unsaturated fatty acids during a 60-d kinetics and the oxidative stress potentially associated. Rats were submitted to a normolipidic diet providing 0, 3, 10 and 24% ALA of dietary lipids for 0, 15, 30 and 60 days. The lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress (nitric oxide (NO) contents and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), gluthation peroxidase (GPx) activities) were studied in the liver and plasma. When the diet was deprived in n-3 PUFAs, ALA, (eicosanoic acid) EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels decreased in all lipid fractions of plasma and in red blood cell (RBC) lipids. The addition of ALA in the diet linearly improves its bioavailability and its bioconversion in EPA (R²=0.98). By providing 10 to 24% ALA in dietary lipids (LA/ALA, 1·6 and 5·5 respectively), ALA and EPA were more broadly packaged in all lipid fractions (triglyceride (TAG), cholesterol ester (CE) and free fatty acids (FFA)) of plasma from 15 to 30 days timeframe. Only 3% ALA was sufficient to promote the maximal bioconversion of ALA in DHA in phospholipid (PL) and TAG fractions. Additionally, the improvement of ALA bioconversion in EPA and DHA did not impact the oxidative stress markers and limiting lipid peroxidation. To conclude, this study demonstrated that in rat, 10% ALA in the lipid diet for 15-30 days promotes its bioavailability and its bioconversion and allowed the greatest levels in plasma and RBCs.
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Yang J, Wen C, Duan Y, Deng Q, Peng D, Zhang H, Ma H. The composition, extraction, analysis, bioactivities, bioavailability and applications in food system of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) oil: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wang L, Yu X, Geng F, Cheng C, Yang J, Deng Q. Effects of tocopherols on the stability of flaxseed oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by different emulsifiers: Interfacial partitioning and interaction. Food Chem 2021; 374:131691. [PMID: 34883433 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The potential effects of tocopherols (100 μM in emulsions) on the physicochemical stability of whey protein isolate (WPI), soy lecithin (SL), or Tween 20 (TW) stabilized flaxseed oil (FO)-in-water emulsions were investigated. During the storage (18 days at 55 ℃), the particle size, microstructure, and multiple light scattering results showed WPI-stabilized emulsions exhibited better physical stability when tocopherols were added hydroperoxides and TBARS concentration in TW-stabilized emulsions were higher than those of SL or WPI, which were suppressed differently by tocopherols. Among homologues, δ-tocopherol was more effective in inhibiting lipid oxidation than α-tocopherol, which was related to the higher interface partitioning. Moreover, the increased interfacial tension indicated tocopherols, especially δ-tocopherol, were adsorbed on the interface and interacted with WPI or SL via hydrophobic or electrostatic interactions determined by isothermal titration calorimetry. Our results suggest tocopherols are more applicable in WPI emulsion systems to achieve steady-state delivery of ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, and Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, and Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, and Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, and Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China.
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Elkin RG, El-Zenary ASA, Bomberger R, Harvatine KJ. Supplemental dietary oils rich in oleic acid or linoleic acid attenuate egg yolk and tissue n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid contents in laying hens co-fed oils enriched in either stearidonic acid or α-linolenic acid. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 172:102322. [PMID: 34399187 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that when laying hens were fed diets supplemented with oils enriched in α-linolenic acid (ALA) and oleic acid (OA), the deposition of n-3 PUFA in egg yolk was attenuated as compared to feeding hens a diet supplemented with the ALA-rich oil alone. The present work extends those findings to another n-3 PUFA-rich oil (stearidonic acid [SDA]-enriched soybean oil) and two other high-OA oils, suggesting that the effect is not plant oil-specific. Feeding hens a supplemental linoleic acid (LA)-rich oil plus an oil rich in either SDA or ALA also attenuated egg yolk ALA and SDA contents (Experiment 1), or egg yolk and liver ALA contents (Experiment 2), respectively, as compared to feeding the SDA- or ALA-rich oils alone. Future work should focus on the lack of neutrality of OA and LA in relation to n-3 PUFA nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Elkin
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Ahmed S A El-Zenary
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Permanent address: Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Rebecca Bomberger
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kevin J Harvatine
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Lee SH, Kim YB, Kim DH, Lee DW, Lee HG, Jha R, Lee KW. Dietary soluble flaxseed oils as a source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for laying hens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101276. [PMID: 34229219 PMCID: PMC8264210 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of dietary soluble flaxseed oil (SFO), as a source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, on the fatty acid composition of egg yolk and various indices including laying performance, egg quality, nutrient composition of eggs, egg stability upon storage, and serum characteristics in laying hens. A total of 210 52-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were assigned to one of 5 experimental diets. A corn-soybean meal-based control diet was mixed without or with SFO to reach the concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8% in diets and fed for 4 wk. Dietary SFO did not affect laying performance and egg quality. Increasing dietary SFO linearly increased the pH of yolk at 7, 14, and 28 d following storage at room temperature (P < 0.05). Malondialdehyde contents in egg yolks were quadratically increased (P < 0.05) at 0, 7, and 21 d following storage as the inclusion levels of SFO increased in diets. A significant increase (P < 0.05) in total omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid, but not α-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, was deposited in egg yolks at 2 and 4 wk following the SFO feeding. Finally, dietary SFO did not affect serum parameters such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and nitric oxide. It is concluded that adding SFO into the diets of laying hens can be an efficient strategy to enrich the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid in eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyeok Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Yoo Bhin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Dong-Won Lee
- Haitnim Bio Inc., Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17346, South Korea
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Rajesh Jha
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agricultural and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea.
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14
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Cheng C, Yu X, Huang F, Peng D, Chen H, Chen Y, Huang Q, Deng Q. Effect of different structural flaxseed lignans on the stability of flaxseed oil-in-water emulsion: An interfacial perspective. Food Chem 2021; 357:129522. [PMID: 33872871 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The influences of the different structural flaxseed lignans on flaxseed oil (FO) emulsions during storage and digestion were investigated, focusing on their interfacial behavior. From perspective of interface, more than 60% of secoisolariciresinol (SECO) and the acidic hydrolysates of flaxseed lignan macromolecule (FLEH) were located on the interface of FO emulsions. It improved the stability of FO emulsions both during storage and digestion by inhibiting of free radical penetration and improving their targeted antioxidative activity. By comparison, the secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) and the alkaline hydrolysates of flaxseed lignan macromolecule (FLE) largely located in the aqueous and exerted lower antioxidative efficiency in emulsions. Moreover, SDG, SECO, FLE and FLEH slowed down the digestive rate of FO in emulsions, which might be due to flaxseed lignans inhibited the activity of digestive enzymes. These findings suggested that the different structural flaxseed lignans had the potential as antioxidants in emulsions during storage and digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, and Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, and Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Dengfeng Peng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, and Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hongjian Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, and Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yashu Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, and Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qingde Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, and Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, and Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China.
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15
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Mikami D, Sakai S, Nishimukai M, Yuyama K, Mukai K, Igarashi Y. Structure-dependent absorption of atypical sphingoid long-chain bases from digestive tract into lymph. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:24. [PMID: 33648494 PMCID: PMC7919070 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary sphingolipids have various biofunctions, including skin barrier improvement and anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinoma properties. Long-chain bases (LCBs), the essential backbones of sphingolipids, are expected to be important for these bioactivities, and they vary structurally between species. Given these findings, however, the absorption dynamics of each LCB remain unclear. METHODS In this study, five structurally different LCBs were prepared from glucosylceramides (GlcCers) with LCB 18:2(4E,8Z);2OH and LCB 18:2(4E,8E);2OH moieties derived from konjac tuber (Amorphophallus konjac), from GlcCers with an LCB 18(9Me):2(4E,8E);2OH moiety derived from Tamogi mushroom (Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus), and from ceramide 2-aminoethyphosphonate with LCB 18:3(4E,8E,10E);2OH moiety and LCB 18(9Me):3(4E,8E,10E);2OH moiety derived from giant scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis), and their absorption percentages and metabolite levels were analyzed using a lymph-duct-cannulated rat model via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) with a multistage fragmentation method. RESULTS The five orally administered LCBs were absorbed and detected in chyle (lipid-containing lymph) as LCBs and several metabolites including ceramides, hexosylceramides, and sphingomyelins. The absorption percentages of LCBs were 0.10-1.17%, depending on their structure. The absorption percentage of LCB 18:2(4E,8Z);2OH was the highest (1.17%), whereas that of LCB 18:3(4E,8E,10E);2OH was the lowest (0.10%). The amount of sphingomyelin with an LCB 18:2(4E,8Z);2OH moiety in chyle was particularly higher than sphingomyelins with other LCB moieties. CONCLUSIONS Structural differences among LCBs, particularly geometric isomerism at the C8-C9 position, significantly affected the absorption percentages and ratio of metabolites. This is the first report to elucidate that the absorption and metabolism of sphingolipids are dependent on their LCB structure. These results could be used to develop functional foods that are more readily absorbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Mikami
- Laboratory of Biomembrane and Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita-21 Nishi-11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Shota Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Megumi Nishimukai
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kohei Yuyama
- Laboratory of Biomembrane and Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita-21 Nishi-11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Mukai
- Laboratory of Biomembrane and Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita-21 Nishi-11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.,R & D Headquarters, Daicel Corporation, 2-18-1, Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8230, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Igarashi
- Laboratory of Biomembrane and Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita-21 Nishi-11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
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16
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Pandule VS, Sharma M, HC D, B SN. Omega‐3 fatty acid‐fortified butter: Preparation and characterisation of textural, sensory, thermal and physico‐chemical properties. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Sharma
- ICAR‐National Dairy Research Institute SRS Bengaluru India
| | - Devaraja HC
- ICAR‐National Dairy Research Institute SRS Bengaluru India
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17
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Robert C, Couëdelo L, Knibbe C, Fonseca L, Buisson C, Errazuriz-Cerda E, Meugnier E, Loizon E, Vaysse C, Michalski MC. Rapeseed Lecithin Increases Lymphatic Lipid Output and α-Linolenic Acid Bioavailability in Rats. J Nutr 2020; 150:2900-2911. [PMID: 32937654 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean lecithin, a plant-based emulsifier widely used in food, is capable of modulating postprandial lipid metabolism. With arising concerns of sustainability, alternative sources of vegetal lecithin are urgently needed, and their metabolic effects must be characterized. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the impact of increasing doses of rapeseed lecithin (RL), rich in essential α-linolenic acid (ALA), on postprandial lipid metabolism and ALA bioavailability in lymph-cannulated rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) undergoing a mesenteric lymph duct cannulation were intragastrically administered 1 g of an oil mixture containing 4% ALA and 0, 1, 3, 10, or 30% RL (5 groups). Lymph fractions were collected for 6 h. Lymph lipids and chylomicrons (CMs) were characterized. The expression of genes implicated in intestinal lipid metabolism was determined in the duodenum at 6 h. Data was analyzed using either sigmoidal or linear mixed-effects models, or one-way ANOVA, where appropriate. RESULTS RL dose-dependently increased the lymphatic recovery (AUC) of total lipids (1100 μg/mL·h per additional RL%; P = 0.010) and ALA (50 μg/mL·h per additional RL%; P = 0.0076). RL induced a faster appearance of ALA in lymph, as evidenced by the exponential decrease of the rate of appearance of ALA with RL (R2 = 0.26; P = 0.0064). Although the number of CMs was unaffected by RL, CM diameter was increased in the 30%-RL group, compared to the control group (0% RL), by 86% at 3-4 h (P = 0.065) and by 81% at 4-6 h (P = 0.0002) following administration. This increase was positively correlated with the duodenal mRNA expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp; ρ= 0.63; P = 0.0052). The expression of Mttp and secretion-associated, ras-related GTPase 1 gene homolog B (Sar1b, CM secretion), carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA (Cpt1a) and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (Acox1, beta-oxidation), and fatty acid desaturase 2 (Fads2, bioconversion of ALA into long-chain n-3 PUFAs) were, respectively, 49%, 29%, 74%, 48%, and 55% higher in the 30%-RL group vs. the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In rats, RL enhanced lymphatic lipid output, as well as the rate of appearance of ALA, which may promote its subsequent bioavailability and metabolic fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Robert
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN (Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetes, Nutrition) Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (INRAE) UMR1397, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1060, National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon (INSA-Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France.,ITERG, Equipe Nutrition, Santé et Biochimie des Lipides, Canéjan, France
| | - Leslie Couëdelo
- ITERG, Equipe Nutrition, Santé et Biochimie des Lipides, Canéjan, France
| | - Carole Knibbe
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN (Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetes, Nutrition) Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (INRAE) UMR1397, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1060, National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon (INSA-Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Inria "Beagle" team, Antenne Lyon la Doua, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurence Fonseca
- ITERG, Equipe Nutrition, Santé et Biochimie des Lipides, Canéjan, France
| | - Charline Buisson
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN (Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetes, Nutrition) Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (INRAE) UMR1397, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1060, National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon (INSA-Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN (Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetes, Nutrition) Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (INRAE) UMR1397, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1060, National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon (INSA-Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Emmanuelle Loizon
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN (Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetes, Nutrition) Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (INRAE) UMR1397, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1060, National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon (INSA-Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Carole Vaysse
- ITERG, Equipe Nutrition, Santé et Biochimie des Lipides, Canéjan, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN (Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetes, Nutrition) Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (INRAE) UMR1397, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1060, National Institute of Applied Science of Lyon (INSA-Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
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18
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Sahaka M, Amara S, Wattanakul J, Gedi MA, Aldai N, Parsiegla G, Lecomte J, Christeller JT, Gray D, Gontero B, Villeneuve P, Carrière F. The digestion of galactolipids and its ubiquitous function in Nature for the uptake of the essential α-linolenic acid. Food Funct 2020; 11:6710-6744. [PMID: 32687132 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01040e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Galactolipids, mainly monogalactosyl diglycerides and digalactosyl diglycerides are the main lipids found in the membranes of plants, algae and photosynthetic microorganisms like microalgae and cyanobacteria. As such, they are the main lipids present at the surface of earth. They may represent up to 80% of the fatty acid stocks, including a large proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids mainly α-linolenic acid (ALA). Nevertheless, the interest in these lipids for nutrition and other applications remains overlooked, probably because they are dispersed in the biomass and are not as easy to extract as vegetable oils from oleaginous fruit and oil seeds. Another reason is that galactolipids only represent a small fraction of the acylglycerolipids present in modern human diet. In herbivores such as horses, fish and folivorous insects, galactolipids may however represent the main source of dietary fatty acids due to their dietary habits and digestion physiology. The development of galactolipase assays has led to the identification and characterization of the enzymes involved in the digestion of galactolipids in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as by microorganisms. Pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (PLRP2) has been identified as an important factor of galactolipid digestion in humans, together with pancreatic carboxyl ester hydrolase (CEH). The levels of PLRP2 are particularly high in monogastric herbivores thus highlighting the peculiar role of PLRP2 in the digestion of plant lipids. Similarly, pancreatic lipase homologs are found to be expressed in the midgut of folivorous insects, in which a high galactolipase activity can be measured. In fish, however, CEH is the main galactolipase involved. This review discusses the origins and fatty acid composition of galactolipids and the physiological contribution of galactolipid digestion in various species. This overlooked aspect of lipid digestion ensures not only the intake of ALA from its main natural source, but also the main lipid source of energy for growth of some herbivorous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moulay Sahaka
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Sawsan Amara
- Lipolytech, Zone Luminy Biotech, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Jutarat Wattanakul
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Mohamed A Gedi
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Noelia Aldai
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Goetz Parsiegla
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | | | - John T Christeller
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (Plant & Food Research), Palmerston North Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David Gray
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Brigitte Gontero
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | | | - Frédéric Carrière
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
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19
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Bourgeois C, Couëdelo L, Subirade M, Cansell M. Canola Proteins Used as Co‐Emulsifiers with Phospholipids Influence Oil Oxidability, Enzymatic Lipolysis, and Fatty Acid Absorption in Rats. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bourgeois
- Department of food sciences Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food (INAF) Université Laval Quebec Canada
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano‐objects (CBMN) University of Bordeaux INP UMR 5248 33600 Pessac France
| | - Leslie Couëdelo
- Nutrition Metabolism and Health Department ITERG 33610 Canéjan France
| | - Muriel Subirade
- Department of food sciences Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food (INAF) Université Laval Quebec Canada
| | - Maud Cansell
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano‐objects (CBMN) University of Bordeaux INP UMR 5248 33600 Pessac France
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20
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Sehl A, Couëdelo L, Vaysse C, Cansell M. Intestinal bioavailability of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids influenced by the supramolecular form of phospholipids. Food Funct 2020; 11:1721-1728. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02953b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work aims at studying the bioavailability of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids carried by marine phospholipids, formulated in different supramolecular forms,i.e.oil-in-water emulsion and liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Sehl
- ITERG
- Nutrition Health and Lipid Biochemistry Department
- 33610 Canéjan
- France
- Univ. Bordeaux
| | - Leslie Couëdelo
- ITERG
- Nutrition Health and Lipid Biochemistry Department
- 33610 Canéjan
- France
| | - Carole Vaysse
- ITERG
- Nutrition Health and Lipid Biochemistry Department
- 33610 Canéjan
- France
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21
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In vitrolipolysis and lymphatic absorption ofn-3 long-chain PUFA in the rat: influence of the molecular lipid species as carrier. Br J Nutr 2019; 122:639-647. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519001491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this work was to study the bioavailability of fatty acids (FA), focusing onn-3 long-chain (LC) PUFA, carried by different molecular lipid species, that is, phospholipids (PL) or TAG, with three formulations based on fish oils or marine PL, providing a similarn-3 LC PUFA amount. The digestive lipolysis was first assessed using anin vitroenzymatic model. Then, intestinal absorption and enterocyte metabolism were investigatedin vivo, on male Wistar rats through lymph lipid analysis. Thein vitroresults showed that the release ofn-3 LC PUFA from lipolysis was increased by 48 % when FA were provided as PL rather than TAG. Thein vivoresults demonstrated that EPA and DHA from both TAG and PL were similarly absorbed and incorporated into lymph lipids. However, DHA was mainly distributed at thesn-1/3 positions of lymph TAG when provided as marine PL, whereas it was equally distributed at the three positions with marine TAG. On the whole, even if the molecular lipid species ofn-3 LC PUFA did not greatly modify thein vivodigestion and absorption steps, it modulated the rearrangement of DHA on the glyceride positions of the lymph TAG, which may further impact the DHA metabolic fate and tissue accretion. Consequently, the present study has provided data which may be used to formulate lipid diets rich in DHA in the context of an insufficient consumption ofn-3 PUFA in Western countries.
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22
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Nassra M, Bourgeois C, Subirade M, Sauvant P, Atgié C. Oral administration of lipid oil-in-water emulsions performed with synthetic or protein-type emulsifiers differentially affects post-prandial triacylglycerolemia in rats. J Physiol Biochem 2018; 74:603-612. [PMID: 29725909 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compared the impact of administration of size-calibrated lipid emulsions prepared with either synthetic or natural emulsifiers on the post-absorptive plasma triacylglycerol responses in rats. We did this using four types of size-calibrated (10 μm diameter) and metastable (3 days) emulsions with 20% of an oleic acid-rich sunflower oil and 1% of either synthetic emulsifiers (Tween 80 or sodium 2-stearoyl-lactylate) or two proteins (β-lactoglobulin or sodium caseinate). An oral fat tolerance test was performed in fasted rats by oral administration of each of these formulations in continuous or emulsified forms. Kinetic parameters (AUC0-inf., AUC0-6h, Cmax, Tmax, and T1/2) for the description of the plasma triacylglycerol responses were calculated. AUC0-6h and AUC0-inf. calculated for the protein groups were significantly lower than those of the control and the synthetic groups. These lower values were associated with significant decreases in the Cmax, exacerbated by the emulsion form and with marked decreases in the Tmax as compared to the control group. T1/2 values were differentially affected by the lipid administration forms and by the nature of the emulsifiers. As compared with the control group, T1/2 was largely increased in the sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate group, but on the contrary, largely lowered in the casein group. We concluded that the use of proteins as natural emulsifiers in lipid emulsions decreased the magnitude of post-prandial triacylglycerolemia for the same amount of ingested lipids, when the emulsion size is controlled for. Proteins could be a promising alternative to the widespread use of synthetic emulsifiers in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merian Nassra
- Institut de Chimie des Membranes et des Nano-objects (CBMN), UMR 5248, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, Bât B14, 1 Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Christine Bourgeois
- Institut de Chimie des Membranes et des Nano-objects (CBMN), UMR 5248, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, Bât B14, 1 Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600, Pessac, France.,Institut de Nutrition et des Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Muriel Subirade
- Institut de Nutrition et des Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Sauvant
- Institut de Chimie des Membranes et des Nano-objects (CBMN), UMR 5248, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, Bât B14, 1 Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Claude Atgié
- Institut de Chimie des Membranes et des Nano-objects (CBMN), UMR 5248, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, Bât B14, 1 Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600, Pessac, France.
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Elkin RG, Kukorowski AN, Ying Y, Harvatine KJ. Dietary High-Oleic Acid Soybean Oil Dose Dependently Attenuates Egg Yolk Content of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Laying Hens Fed Supplemental Flaxseed Oil. Lipids 2018; 53:235-249. [PMID: 29569243 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chickens can hepatically synthesize eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) from α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3 n-3); however, the process is inefficient and competitively inhibited by dietary linoleic acid (LNA; 18:2 n-6). In the present study, the influence of dietary high-oleic acid (OLA; 18:1 n-9) soybean oil (HOSO) on egg and tissue deposition of ALA and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) synthesized from dietary ALA was investigated in laying hens fed a reduced-LNA base diet supplemented with high-ALA flaxseed oil (FLAX). We hypothesized that reducing the dietary level of LNA would promote greater hepatic conversion of ALA to very long-chain (VLC; >20C) n-3 PUFA, while supplemental dietary HOSO would simultaneously further enrich eggs with OLA without influencing egg n-3 PUFA contents. Nine 51-week-old hens each were fed 0, 10, 20, or 40 g HOSO/kg diet for 12 weeks. Within each group, supplemental dietary FLAX was increased every 3 weeks from 0 to 10 to 20 to 40 g/kg diet. Compared to controls, dietary FLAX maximally enriched the total n-3 and VLC n-3 PUFA contents in egg yolk by 9.4-fold and 2.2-fold, respectively, while feeding hens 40 g HOSO/kg diet maximally attenuated the yolk deposition of ALA, VLC n-3 PUFA, and total n-3 PUFA by 37, 15, and 32%, respectively. These results suggest that dietary OLA is not neutral with regard to the overall process by which dietary ALA is absorbed, metabolized, and deposited into egg yolk, either intact or in the form of longer-chain/more unsaturated n-3 PUFA derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Elkin
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Alexandra N Kukorowski
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yun Ying
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kevin J Harvatine
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Combe N, Henry O, Lopez C, Vaysse C, Fonseca I, Ribaud D, Driss F, Simon N, Le Guillou C, Mendy F. Hospital Diet Enriched With Rapeseed or Sunflower Oils Is Associated With a Decrease in Plasma 16:1n-7 and Some Metabolic Disorders in the Elderly. Lipids 2018; 53:145-155. [PMID: 29394449 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that the prevalence of dysglycemia was high among hospitalized elderly people who were fed a low fat diet (27.7% of energy) and was positively associated with plasma 16:1n-7, an indicator of de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Fatty acids in the DNL pathway have been shown to be associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential beneficial effects of fat enrichment (up to 34.1%en) of the hospital diet in 111 patients (30 men and 81 women, 84 ± 7 years) during 6 weeks. Based on gender, they were randomly given a diet supplemented either with rapeseed oil (RO) or with sunflower oil (SO). Fatty acids of cholesteryl esters and erythrocyte phospholipids and markers of metabolic disorders were evaluated before and after dietary intervention. Both enriched diets significantly, and to a similar extent, decreased (1) the overall prevalence of dysglycemia (by 25-33%) and MetS (by 31-43%) and (2) plasma 16:1n-7 mol% in men and women. Dysglycemia prevalence adjusted by the diets was reduced in men versus baseline; no change was found in women. Enrichment of the diet with RO or SO resulted in a difference in fatty acid compositions, that is, EPA (mol%) and the omega-3 index increased with RO, while proportions of 18:1n-7, 18:1n-9, and EPA decreased with SO. These findings highlight the need for adequate fat intake in the elderly. For supplementation of the hospital diet, RO, which led to a higher proportion of circulating n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and is known to be beneficial, may be preferred to SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Combe
- ITERG, Unité de Nutrition, Métabolisme & Santé, Université Bordeaux 2, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Henry
- Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Hôpital Emile Roux, 94450 Limeil-Brévannes, France
| | - Carlos Lopez
- Institut de l'Elevage, 149 rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris, France
| | - Carole Vaysse
- ITERG, Unité de Nutrition, Métabolisme & Santé, Université Bordeaux 2, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Fonseca
- Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Hôpital Emile Roux, 94450 Limeil-Brévannes, France
| | - Danièle Ribaud
- Institut de l'Elevage, 149 rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris, France
| | - Fathi Driss
- Laboratoire d'Hormonologie/Géné. Mol., Hôpital Bichat, Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Noëmie Simon
- Terres Univia, 11 rue de Monceau, 75008 Paris, France
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25
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Belayneh HD, Wehling RL, Zhang Y, Ciftci ON. Development of omega-3-rich Camelina sativa seed oil emulsions. Food Sci Nutr 2017; 6:440-449. [PMID: 29564111 PMCID: PMC5849930 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Camelina sativa seed is an underutilized oil source rich in omega‐3 fatty acids; however, camelina oil is not fully explored for food applications. Its high omega‐3 content makes it susceptible to oxidation, which may limit food applications. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the potential of camelina seed oil to form physically and oxidatively stable emulsions as a potential delivery system for omega‐3 fatty acids. Effects of homogenization conditions, namely, pressure (15 MPa‐30 MPa), number of passes (1,3,5, and 7), and type of homogenizers (high pressure and high shear) on the structural properties and stability of camelina seed oil emulsions stabilized with whey protein isolate were studied. High homogenization pressure (30 MPa) and number of passes (>3) reduced the particle size (278 nm) and formed more physically and oxidatively stable emulsions compared to high shear homogenization; high shear homogenization generated bigger oil particles (~2,517 nm). Apparent viscosity and consistency index (k) decreased with increasing pressure, number of passes, and shear rate. Emulsions prepared with high pressure homogenization at both 15 and 30 MPa with 3 and more passes did not exhibit any peroxide formation over 28 days. Results indicated that camelina seed oil is a promising alternative oil source to form stable omega‐3‐rich emulsions for food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henok D Belayneh
- Department of Food Science and Technology University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA
| | - Randy L Wehling
- Department of Food Science and Technology University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA
| | - Ozan N Ciftci
- Department of Food Science and Technology University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA
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26
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Impact de la structure émulsionnée des lipides sur le devenir métabolique des acides gras alimentaires. CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnd.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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27
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Point V, Bénarouche A, Zarrillo J, Guy A, Magnez R, Fonseca L, Raux B, Leclaire J, Buono G, Fotiadu F, Durand T, Carrière F, Vaysse C, Couëdelo L, Cavalier JF. Slowing down fat digestion and absorption by an oxadiazolone inhibitor targeting selectively gastric lipolysis. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:834-848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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28
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Krasulya O, Bogush V, Trishina V, Potoroko I, Khmelev S, Sivashanmugam P, Anandan S. Impact of acoustic cavitation on food emulsions. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 30:98-102. [PMID: 26603612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The work explores the experimental and theoretical aspects of emulsification capability of ultrasound to deliver stable emulsions of sunflower oil in water and meat sausages. In order to determine optimal parameters for direct ultrasonic emulsification of food emulsions, a model was developed based on the stability of emulsion droplets in acoustic cavitation field. The study is further extended to investigate the ultrasound induced changes to the inherent properties of raw materials under the experimental conditions of sono-emulsification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Krasulya
- Moscow State University of Technology and Management, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Bogush
- Moscow State University of Technology and Management, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria Trishina
- Moscow State University of Technology and Management, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Potoroko
- Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education, ''South Ural State University'' Sub-division: Quality Expertise of Consumer Products, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | | | - Palani Sivashanmugam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620 015, India
| | - Sambandam Anandan
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620 015, India.
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Dietary Crude Lecithin Increases Systemic Availability of Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid with Combined Intake in Rats. Lipids 2016; 51:833-46. [PMID: 27038174 PMCID: PMC4903106 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Crude lecithin, a mixture of mainly phospholipids, potentially helps to increase the systemic availability of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Nevertheless, no clear data exist on the effects of prolonged combined dietary supplementation of DHA and lecithin on RBC and plasma PUFA levels. In the current experiments, levels of DHA and choline, two dietary ingredients that enhance neuronal membrane formation and function, were determined in plasma and red blood cells (RBC) from rats after dietary supplementation of DHA-containing oils with and without concomitant dietary supplementation of crude lecithin for 2–3 weeks. The aim was to provide experimental evidence for the hypothesized additive effects of dietary lecithin (not containing any DHA) on top of dietary DHA on PUFA levels in plasma and RBC. Dietary supplementation of DHA-containing oils, either as vegetable algae oil or as fish oil, increased DHA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and total n-3 PUFA, and decreased total omega-6 PUFA levels in plasma and RBC, while dietary lecithin supplementation alone did not affect these levels. However, combined dietary supplementation of DHA and lecithin increased the changes induced by DHA supplementation alone. Animals receiving a lecithin-containing diet also had a higher plasma free choline concentration as compared to controls. In conclusion, dietary DHA-containing oils and crude lecithin have synergistic effects on increasing plasma and RBC n-3 PUFA levels, including DHA and EPA. By increasing the systemic availability of dietary DHA, dietary lecithin may increase the efficacy of DHA supplementation when their intake is combined.
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30
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Lecomte M, Couëdelo L, Meugnier E, Plaisancié P, Létisse M, Benoit B, Gabert L, Penhoat A, Durand A, Pineau G, Joffre F, Géloën A, Vaysse C, Laugerette F, Michalski MC. Dietary emulsifiers from milk and soybean differently impact adiposity and inflammation in association with modulation of colonic goblet cells in high-fat fed mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:609-20. [PMID: 26592505 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Enhanced adiposity and metabolic inflammation are major features of obesity that could be impacted by dietary emulsifiers. We investigated in high-fat fed mice the effects of using a new polar lipid (PL) emulsifier from milk (MPL) instead of soybean lecithin (soybean PL [SPL]) on adipose tissue and intestinal mucosa function. METHODS AND RESULTS Four groups of C57BL6 mice received for 8 wks a low-fat (LF) diet or a high-fat diet devoid of PLs or an high-fat diet including MPL (high-fat-MPL) or SPL (high-fat-SPL). Compared with high-fat diet, high-fat-SPL diet increased white adipose tissue (WAT) mass (p < 0.05), with larger adipocytes (p < 0.05) and increased expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, monochemoattractant protein-1, LPS-binding protein, and leptin (p < 0.05). This was not observed with high-fat-MPL diet despite similar dietary intakes and increased expression of fatty acid transport protein 4 and microsomal TG transfer protein, involved in lipid absorption, in upper intestine (p < 0.05). High-fat-MPL mice had a lower expression in WAT of cluster of differentiation 68, marker of macrophage infiltration, versus high-fat and high-fat-SPL mice (p < 0.05), and more goblet cells in the colon (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Unlike SPL, MPL in the high-fat diet did not induce WAT hypertrophy and inflammation but increased colonic goblet cells. This supports further clinical exploration of different sources of dietary emulsifiers in the frame of obesity outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Lecomte
- INRA, UMR1397, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | - Pascale Plaisancié
- INRA, UMR1397, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marion Létisse
- INRA, UMR1397, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bérengère Benoit
- INRA, UMR1397, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laure Gabert
- INSERM U1060, INRA UMR1397, CarMeN Laboratory, Oullins, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes (CRNH-RA) and Centre Européen pour la Nutrition et la Santé (CENS), Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Armelle Penhoat
- INRA, UMR1397, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Annie Durand
- INRA, UMR1397, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gaëlle Pineau
- INRA, UMR1397, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Alain Géloën
- INRA, UMR1397, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Fabienne Laugerette
- INRA, UMR1397, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- INRA, UMR1397, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes (CRNH-RA) and Centre Européen pour la Nutrition et la Santé (CENS), Pierre-Bénite, France
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31
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Henry O, Vaysse C, Lopez C, Driss F, Fonseca I, Simon N, Guillou CL, Masselin‐Silvin S, David J, Combe N, Mendy F. Relationships between plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids in the de novo lipogenesis pathway, and metabolic disorders in French elderly patients. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Henry
- Groupe Hospitalier Henri MondorHôpital Emile RouxLimeil–BrevannesFrance
| | - Carole Vaysse
- ITERGUnité de NutritionMétabolisme & SantéUniversité Bordeaux 2BordeauxFrance
| | | | - Fathi Driss
- Laboratoire d'Hormonologie/Géné. Mol. Hôpital BichatClaude BernardParisFrance
| | - Isabelle Fonseca
- Groupe Hospitalier Henri MondorHôpital Emile RouxLimeil–BrevannesFrance
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicole Combe
- ITERGUnité de NutritionMétabolisme & SantéUniversité Bordeaux 2BordeauxFrance
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32
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Characterization of flaxseed oil emulsions. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:4378-86. [PMID: 26139903 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The emulsifying capacity of surfactants (polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80 and soy lecithin) and proteins (soy protein isolate and whey protein isolate) in flaxseed oil was measured based on 1 % (w/w) of emulsifier. Surfactants showed significantly higher emulsifying capacity compared to the proteins (soy protein isolate and whey protein isolate) in flaxseed oil. The emulsion stability of the flaxseed oil emulsions with whey protein isolate (10 % w/w) prepared using a mixer was ranked in the following order: 1,000 rpm (58 min) ≈ 1,000 rpm (29 min) ≈ 2,000 rpm (35 min) >2,000 rpm (17.5 min). The emulsion stability of the flaxseed oil emulsions with whey protein isolate (10 % w/w) prepared using a homogenizer (Ultra Turrax) was independent of the speed and mixing time. The mean particle size of the flaxseed oil emulsions prepared using the two mixing devices ranged from 23.99 ± 1.34 μm to 47.22 ± 1.99 μm where else the particle size distribution and microstructure of the flaxseed oil emulsions demonstrated using microscopic imaging were quite similar. The flaxseed oil emulsions had a similar apparent viscosity and exhibited shear thinning (pseudoplastic) behavior. The flaxseed oil emulsions had L* value above 70 and was in the red-yellow color region (positive a* and b* values).
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33
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Iwanaga K, Higashiyama Y, Miyazaki M, Kakemi M. Enhancing mechanism of intestinal absorption of highly lipophilic compounds using microemulsion – Quantitative analysis of the partitioning to the mesenteric lymph in intestinal cells. Asian J Pharm Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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34
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Couëdelo L, Amara S, Lecomte M, Meugnier E, Monteil J, Fonseca L, Pineau G, Cansell M, Carrière F, Michalski MC, Vaysse C. Impact of various emulsifiers on ALA bioavailability and chylomicron synthesis through changes in gastrointestinal lipolysis. Food Funct 2015; 6:1726-35. [PMID: 25923344 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00070j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Formulating healthy food rich in omega 3 fatty acids requires prior knowledge of the parameters influencing their bioavailability and their metabolic fate. In this context, we studied the effects of various emulsifiers widely used in the food industry, on the gastrointestinal lipolysis of flaxseed oil emulsions in an in vitro model and on the intestinal absorption and lymphatic secretion of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in rats. In vitro data showed that the emulsification of flaxseed oil with soya lecithin improved the gastric lipolysis of the oil (+30%), while the presence of Tween 80 or of sodium caseinate decreased it (-80% and -40%, respectively). The in vivo data demonstrated that the intestinal absorption and the lymphatic secretion of ALA were improved with soya lecithin (Cmax = 24 mg mL(-1)) and reduced in the presence of sodium caseinate (Cmax = 7 mg mL(-1)) compared to unemulsified flaxseed oil (Cmax = 16 mg mL(-1)); Tween 80 had no effect. In addition, the synthesized chylomicrons were notably larger and more numerous with soya lecithin whereas they were smaller in the presence of sodium caseinate (p < 0.05). This study shows that the intestinal bioavailability of ALA was increased by the emulsification of flaxseed oil with soya lecithin via an improved lipolysis, favouring the intestinal absorption of ALA and the secretion of many large chylomicrons in lymph.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Couëdelo
- ITERG-ENMS, Université de Bordeaux, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France.
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35
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Lin X, Wang Q, Li W, Wright AJ. Emulsification of algal oil with soy lecithin improved DHA bioaccessibility but did not change overall in vitro digestibility. Food Funct 2014; 5:2913-21. [PMID: 25208938 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00577e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Oil emulsification facilitates digestive lipolysis and subsequent lipid bioaccessibility. This study aimed to understand the effects of emulsification on DHA-rich algal oil digestion and bioaccessibility. An oil/water emulsion (50 : 44 : 6 oil-water-soy lecithin) was subjected to an in vitro digestion model with gastric pH 1.6 or 4.0 and particle size distributions, duodenal stage lipolysis and DHA bioaccessibility were determined. The emulsion was destabilized at gastric pH 1.6, with subsequent slow duodenal lipolysis. With gastric pH 4.0, the emulsion structure remained intact, initial lipolysis proceeded rapidly and DHA bioaccessibility was higher than for bulk oil, a mixture of oil, water and soy lecithin, and the gastric pH 1.6 destabilized emulsion (p < 0.05). However, the extent of lipolysis was not affected by emulsification or gastric pH. Therefore, the presence of an intact emulsion at the start of duodenal digestion, while not impacting the extent of lipolysis, did impact the initial lipolysis and DHA bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Lin
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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36
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Shanmugam A, Ashokkumar M. Ultrasonic preparation of stable flax seed oil emulsions in dairy systems – Physicochemical characterization. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Kim KB, Nam YA, Kim HS, Hayes AW, Lee BM. α-Linolenic acid: nutraceutical, pharmacological and toxicological evaluation. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 70:163-78. [PMID: 24859185 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
α-Linolenic acid (ALA), a carboxylic acid with 18 carbons and three cis double bonds, is an essential fatty acid needed for human health and can be acquired via regular dietary intake of foods that contain ALA or dietary supplementation of foods high in ALA, for example flaxseed. ALA has been reported to have cardiovascular-protective, anti-cancer, neuro-protective, anti-osteoporotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects. ALA is the precursor of longer chain omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), but its beneficial effects on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are still inconclusive. The recommended intake of ALA for cardiovascular health is reported to be 1.1-2.2g/day. Although there are limited toxicological data for ALA, no serious adverse effects have been reported. The evidence on an increased prostate cancer risk in association with dietary ALA is not conclusive. Based on the limited data currently available, it may be concluded that ALA may be beneficial as a nutraceutical/pharmaceutical candidate and is safe for use as a food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Bong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon A Nam
- Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Byung-Mu Lee
- Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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38
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Sugasini D, Devaraj VC, Ramesh M, Lokesh BR. Lymphatic Transport of α-Linolenic Acid and Its Conversion to Long Chain n-3 Fatty Acids in Rats Fed Microemulsions of Linseed Oil. Lipids 2013; 49:225-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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39
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Quantitative analysis of the effect of triglyceride alkyl-chain length on the partitioning of highly lipophilic compounds to the mesenteric lymph in intestinal cells. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:937-46. [PMID: 24081442 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantitatively clarify the effect of alky-chain length of a triglyceride in an emulsion on the partitioning of highly lipophilic compounds into the lymph fluid after their oral administration. Highly lipophilic anthraquinone derivatives were orally administered in emulsions to rats. Emulsions composed of long-, medium-, and short-chain triglycerides (LCT, MCT, and SCT emulsions, respectively) were used. The concentrations of the compounds in plasma and lymph fluid were periodically determined and their partitioning to the lymph was calculated using a mathematical model. Intestinal absorption of all compounds was enhanced and the plasma concentrations of the compounds were found to be in the following order: LCT emulsion > MCT emulsion > SCT emulsion. The amounts of each compound recovered in the lymph were not in agreement with their lipophilicity. Quantitative analysis revealed that the partitioning of the compounds to the lymph may be determined by the solubility of the compound in the triglyceride in the form of an emulsion and the amount of triglyceride transferred to the lymph fluid. These results suggest a possibility that the amount of a compound absorbed via the lymph route after oral administration can be quantitatively controlled by the formulations.
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Vors C, Pineau G, Gabert L, Drai J, Louche-Pélissier C, Defoort C, Lairon D, Désage M, Danthine S, Lambert-Porcheron S, Vidal H, Laville M, Michalski MC. Modulating absorption and postprandial handling of dietary fatty acids by structuring fat in the meal: a randomized crossover clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97:23-36. [PMID: 23235199 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.043976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In the context of obesity, this is associated with a chronic imbalance of lipid partitioning oriented toward storage and not toward β-oxidation. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that the physical structure of fat in a meal can modify the absorption, chylomicron transport, and further metabolic handling of dietary fatty acids. DESIGN Nine normal-weight and 9 obese subjects were fed 40 g milk fat (+[(13)C]triacylglycerols), either emulsified or nonemulsified, in breakfasts of identical composition. We measured the postprandial triacylglycerol content and size of the chylomicron-rich fraction, plasma kinetics of [(13)C]fatty acids, exogenous lipid oxidation with breath-test/indirect calorimetry, and fecal excretion. RESULTS The emulsified fat resulted in earlier (>1 h) and sharper chylomicron and [(13)C]fatty acid peaks in plasma than in spread fat in both groups (P < 0.0001). After 2 h, the emulsified fat resulted in greater apolipoprotein B-48 concentrations (9.7 ± 0.7 compared with 7.1 ± 0.9 mg/L; P < 0.05) in the normal-weight subjects than did the spread fat. In the obese subjects, emulsified fat resulted in a 3-fold greater chylomicron size (218 ± 24 nm) compared with the spread fat (P < 0.05). The emulsified fat induced higher dietary fatty acid spillover in plasma and a sharper (13)CO(2) appearance, which provoked increased exogenous lipid oxidation in each group: from 45% to 52% in normal-weight subjects (P < 0.05) and from 40% to 57% in obese subjects (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION This study supports a new concept of "slow vs fast fat," whereby intestinal absorption can be modulated by structuring dietary fat to modulate postprandial lipemia and lipid β-oxidation in humans with different BMIs. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01249378.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Vors
- From INRA, USC1362, CarMeN, Cardiovascular Metabolism Diabetes and Nutrition laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
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Sugasini D, Lokesh BR. Uptake of α-Linolenic Acid and Its Conversion to Long Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Rats Fed Microemulsions of Linseed Oil. Lipids 2012; 47:1155-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-012-3731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Couëdelo L, Vaysse C, Vaique E, Guy A, Gosse I, Durand T, Pinet S, Cansell M, Combe N. The fraction of α-linolenic acid present in the sn-2 position of structured triacylglycerols decreases in lymph chylomicrons and plasma triacylglycerols during the course of lipid absorption in rats. J Nutr 2012; 142:70-5. [PMID: 22131546 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.146290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the ability of α-linolenic acid (Ln) to remain in the sn-2 position of TG during the absorption process. The goal of this study was to determine the Ln distribution in the lymph (Study 1) and plasma (Study 2) TG of rats fed a single i.g. load of structured TG [300 mg/rat of either oleic acid (O)/Ln/O TG (OLnO) or Ln/O/O TG (LnOO), n = 7 rats]. In an early fraction (3-4 h) of lymph (OLnO group; 100% Ln in the sn-2 position), 46 ± 2% Ln was maintained in this position in lymph TG. There was even less (29 ± 6%) in the last fraction (7-24 h) (P < 0.05). Ln was also found (9 ± 3%) in the sn-2 position of lymph TG in the LnOO group. The Ln content in lymph phospholipids was twice as high in rats when they were fed LnOO (4.2 ± 0.1%) than OLnO (2.3 ± 0.2%) (P < 0.005). Six hours postprandially (Study 2), 21 ± 3% of the Ln incorporated into plasma TG was located in the sn-2 position in the OLnO group compared to 13 ± 2% in the LnOO group (P < 0.001). Overall, these results indicate that the amount of Ln that moved from the sn-2 position of structured TG to the sn-1(3) position of lymph TG increased during absorption. This may account for a substantial hydrolysis of the 2-monolinolenylglycerols in enterocytes, leading to the intramolecular redistribution of Ln in lymph TG and, consequently, in plasma TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Couëdelo
- ITERG, Unité de Nutrition, Métabolisme et Santé, Talence, France
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Vors C, Capolino P, Guérin C, Meugnier E, Pesenti S, Chauvin MA, Monteil J, Peretti N, Cansell M, Carrière F, Michalski MC. Coupling in vitro gastrointestinal lipolysis and Caco-2 cell cultures for testing the absorption of different food emulsions. Food Funct 2012; 3:537-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fo10248j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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