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Yaegashi A, Kimura T, Wakai K, Iso H, Tamakoshi A. Associations of Total Fat and Fatty Acid Intake With the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Japanese Adults: Analysis Based on the JACC Study. J Epidemiol 2024; 34:316-323. [PMID: 37981321 PMCID: PMC11167261 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20230076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We prospectively examined the associations of total fat and fatty acid intake with type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Japanese adults. METHODS This study was conducted using data from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (JACC). A validated food frequency questionnaire evaluated the intake of total fat and fatty acids. Diabetes was assessed using self-reported data. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident T2D across quintiles of total fat and fatty acid intake after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 19,088 non-diabetic participants (age range, 40-79 years) enrolled in the JACC between 1988 and 1990 were included in this study. During the 5-year study period, 494 the participants developed T2D. The OR of T2D for the highest versus lowest quintiles was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.37-0.90) for total fat, 0.78 (95% CI, 0.51-1.20) for saturated fatty acid (SFA), 0.55 (95% CI, 0.35-0.86) for monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), 0.61 (95% CI, 0.39-0.96) for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), 0.64 (95% CI, 0.42-0.99) for n-3 PUFA, and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.45-1.09) for n-6 PUFA. Total fat and fatty acid (except SFA and n-6 PUFA) intake were inversely associated with T2D in men. Total fat and fatty acid intake were not associated with T2D in women. CONCLUSION Higher intakes of total fats, MUFA, PUFA, and n-3 PUFA were inversely associated with T2D among Japanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Yaegashi
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Science, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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2
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Zhang Y, Ren E, Zhang C, Wang Y, Chen X, Li L. The protective role of oily fish intake against type 2 diabetes: insights from a genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1288886. [PMID: 38567249 PMCID: PMC10986736 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1288886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Previous research has underscored the association between oily fish intake and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), yet the causality remains elusive. Methods A bidirectional univariable Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis was employed to evaluate the causal effects of oily fish and non-oily fish intake on T2DM. Replication analysis and meta-analysis were conducted to ensure robust results. Multivariable MR analysis was utilized to assess confounders, and further mediation MR analysis discerned mediating effects. Linkage Disequilibrium Score (LDSC) analysis was undertaken to compute genetic correlations. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was the primary method, complemented by a series of sensitivity analyses. Results The LDSC analysis unveiled a significant genetic correlation between oily fish intake and T2DM (Genetic correlation: -0.102, p = 4.43 × 10-4). For each standard deviation (SD) increase in genetically predicted oily fish intake, the risk of T2DM was reduced by 38.6% (OR = 0.614, 95% CI 0.504 ~ 0.748, p = 1.24 × 10-6, False Discovery Rate (FDR) = 3.72 × 10-6). The meta-analysis across three data sources highlighted a persistent causal association (OR = 0.728, 95% CI 0.593 ~ 0.895, p = 0.003). No other causal effects were identified (all p > 0.5, FDR > 0.5). The main outcomes remained consistent in most sensitivity analyses. Both MVMR and mediation MR analyses emphasized the mediating roles of triglycerides (TG), body mass index (BMI), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels. Conclusion To encapsulate, there's an inverse association between oily fish intake and T2DM risk, suggesting potential benefits of oily fish intake in T2DM prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Entong Ren
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Southern Theater General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Department of Nursing, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohe Chen
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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Tajadod S, Shekari S, Khalatbari Mohseni G, Abbasi K, Torki SA, Salimi Z, Keshavarz Mohammadian M, Shapouri M, Jarrahi SAM, Sobhani Far F, Shafaei H, Doaei S, YazdiMoghaddam H, Gholamalizadeh M. Association between type 2 diabetes and different types of dietary fats: A case-control study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 58:67-72. [PMID: 38057038 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of dietary fats on type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not clear. This study aimed to determine the association between T2D and dietary fatty acids among Iranian adults. METHODS This case-control study was performed on 4241 participants aged 35-70, including 1804 people with T2D and pre-diabetes as the case group and 2437 people without diabetes as the control group. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). RESULTS The cases had higher age (48.36 ± 8.62 vs. 54.53 ± 7.75 y, P < 0.001), weight (73.7713.41 vs. 76.18 ± 13.49 kg, P = 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (28.02 ± 4.70 vs. 24 ± 4.74 kg/m2, P = 0.001), right systolic blood pressure (RSBP) (113.33 ± 16.7 vs. 121.61 ± 17.24 mmHg, P = 0.001), right diastolic blood pressure (RDBP) (71.41 ± 10.53 vs. 75.33 ± 9.92 mmHg, P = 0.001), fasting blood sugar (FBS) (96.87 ± 19.39 vs. 169.95 ± 69.28 mg/dl, P = 0.001), blood urine nitrogen (BUN) (13.65 ± 3.74 vs. 14.26 ± 4.03 mg/dl, P = 0.001), triglyceride (TG) (141.61 ± 99.37 vs. 175.96 ± 114.74 mg/dl, P = 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (218.24 ± 66.35 vs. 246.97 ± 72.65 IU/L, P = 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (111.68 ± 33.02 vs. 101.97 ± 36.54 mg/dl, P = 0.001), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) (21.88 ± 15.15 vs. 23.55 ± 15.96 IU/L, P = 0.001), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (24.66 ± 20.42 vs. 30.72 ± 30.43 IU/L P = 0.001), and cholesterol (192.45 ± 39.1190 vs. 187.12 ± 46.19 mg/dl P = 0.001) compared to the control group. T2D was negatively associated with dietary intake of PUFAs (OR = 0.93, CI95%:0.84-1.03, P = 0.01) and positively associated with dietary cholesterol (OR: 1.01, CI95%:1.001-1.01, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION In summary, cholesterol was positively and PUFAs were negatively associated with diabetes. If the results of the present study on the effect of fat intake on diabetes are proven, future dietary recommendations for people at risk of diabetes may be corrected by providing diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and low in cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Tajadod
- Department of Nutrition, School Of Public Health, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Shekari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golsa Khalatbari Mohseni
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Abbasi
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saheb Abbas Torki
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Salimi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Shapouri
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Hanieh Shafaei
- Nursing and Midwifery School, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamideh YazdiMoghaddam
- Iranian Research Center on Healthy Aging, Operating Room Department, Faculty of Paramedics, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bae JH, Lim H, Lim S. The Potential Cardiometabolic Effects of Long-Chain ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Recent Updates and Controversies. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:612-628. [PMID: 37031750 PMCID: PMC10334139 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Various health-related effects of long-chain (LC) ω-3 PUFAs, EPA, and DHA have been suggested. LC ω-3 PUFAs reduce TG concentrations and have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiplatelet, and vascular protective effects. Controversially, they might help in restoring glucose homeostasis via the gut microbiota. However, previous studies have not shown the clear benefits of LC ω-3 PUFAs for CVDs. REDUCE-IT and STRENGTH-representative randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined whether LC ω-3 PUFAs would prevent major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events (MACE)-showed conflicting results with differences in the types, doses, or comparators of LC ω-3 PUFAs and study populations. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis using major RCTs to address this inconsistency and assess the clinical and biological effects of LC ω-3 PUFAs. We included RCTs that involved ≥500 participants with ≥1 y follow-up. Of 17 studies involving 143,410 people, LC ω-3 PUFA supplementation showed beneficial effects on CV death (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.99; P = 0.029) and fatal or nonfatal MI (RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.95; P = 0.010). RCTs on EPA alone showed better results for 3-point MACE, CV death, and fatal or nonfatal MI. However, the benefits were not found for fatal or nonfatal stroke, all-cause mortality, and hospitalization for heart failure. Of note, studies of both the EPA/DHA combination and EPA alone showed a significant increase in risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation. Thus, well-designed studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in the distinct effects of EPA compared with DHA on cardiometabolic diseases. This review discusses the potential benefits and safety of LC ω-3 PUFAs from a cardiometabolic perspective focusing on recent updates and controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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Egalini F, Guardamagna O, Gaggero G, Varaldo E, Giannone B, Beccuti G, Benso A, Broglio F. The Effects of Omega 3 and Omega 6 Fatty Acids on Glucose Metabolism: An Updated Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2672. [PMID: 37375575 PMCID: PMC10301273 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Massive changes have occurred in our diet. A growing consumption of vegetal oils rich in omega-6 (ω-6) and a depletion of omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids (FAs) in our food has led to an imbalance between ω-3 and ω-6. In particular, eicosapentaenoic (EPA)/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio seems to be an indicator of this derangement, whose reduction is associated to the development of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. Our aim was therefore to investigate the literature on the effects of ω-3 and ω-6 FAs on glucose metabolism. We discussed emerging evidence from pre-clinical studies and from clinical trials. Notably, conflicting results emerged. Source of ω-3, sample size, ethnicity, study duration and food cooking method may be responsible for the lack of univocal results. High EPA/AA ratio seems to be a promising indicator of better glycemic control and reduced inflammation. On the other hand, linoleic acid (LA) appears to be also associated to a minor incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, although it is still not clear if the outcome is related to a reduced production of AA or to its intrinsic effect. More data derived from multicenter, prospective randomized clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Egalini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (G.B.)
| | - Ornella Guardamagna
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Gaggero
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (G.B.)
| | - Emanuele Varaldo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (G.B.)
| | - Beatrice Giannone
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (G.B.)
| | - Guglielmo Beccuti
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (G.B.)
| | - Andrea Benso
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (G.B.)
| | - Fabio Broglio
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (G.B.)
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Njike VY, Kela GCM, Treu JA, Ayettey RG, Kussaga FM, Khan N, Comerford B, Agboola O. Egg Consumption in the Context of Plant-Based Diets and Diet Quality in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Single Blind Cross-over Controlled Trial. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023; 42:130-139. [PMID: 35512755 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.2006824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle changes that emphasis on plant-based diets (PBD) are typically recommended for those at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to mitigate their cardo-metabolic risk. We examined the impact of the inclusion of eggs compared with their exclusion from PBD on diet quality among adults at risk for T2DM. This was a randomized, controlled, single-blind, crossover trial of 35 adults (mean age 60.7 years; 25 women, 10 men; 34 Caucasians, 1 African-American) at risk for T2DM (i.e., pre- diabetes or metabolic syndrome) assigned to one of two possible sequence permutations of two treatments (PBD with eggs and exclusively PBD), with a 4-week washout period. Participants received dietary counseling from a dietitian to exclude or to include 2 eggs daily in the context of PBD for a 6-week period. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) at baseline and 6 weeks. Compared with the exclusion of eggs, the inclusion of eggs in the context of PBD improved the diet quality score for intake of total protein foods (1.0 ± 1.1 vs. -0.4 ± 1.0; p <.0001); seafood and plant proteins (0.2 ± 1.2 vs. -0.4 ± 1.1; p = 0.0338); and fatty acids (0.8 ± 2.5 vs. -0.7 ± 2.7; p = 0.0260). Overall diet quality score depreciated with the adoption of exclusively PBD without eggs (-3.1 ± 8.3; p = 0.0411), while it was unaffected with the adoption of a PBD with the inclusion of eggs (-0.6 ± 7.9; p = 0.6892). Eggs could be used as an adjuvant to enhance the diet quality among those at risk for T2DM who adopt plant-based dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Y Njike
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT, USA
| | | | - Judith A Treu
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT, USA
| | - Rockiy G Ayettey
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT, USA
| | | | - Nisar Khan
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT, USA
| | - Beth Comerford
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT, USA
| | - Olayinka Agboola
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT, USA
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Kontochristopoulou AM, Karatzi K, Karaglani E, Cardon G, Kivelä J, Wikström K, Iotova V, Tsochev K, Tankova T, Rurik I, Radone AS, Liatis S, Makrilakis K, Moreno LA, Manios Y. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle correlates of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in europe: The Feel4Diabetes study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1851-1862. [PMID: 35610084 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The current work aimed to identify the predominant correlates of prediabetes and T2DM among a variety of socio-demographic, anthropometric and lifestyle indices, in a large sample of adults from families at high risk for T2DM. METHODS AND RESULTS In this cross-sectional study, 2816 adults were recruited from low-socioeconomic areas in high-income countries (HICs) (Belgium-Finland), HICs under austerity measures (Greece-Spain), and low/middle-income countries (LMICs) (Bulgaria-Hungary). A positive association between the male sex (OR, 95% C.I.2.77 (1.69-4.54)) and prediabetes was revealed compared to females, while there was a negative association between younger age (<45 years) (OR, 95% C.I. 0.58 (0.37-0.92)), and low/medium levels of waist circumference (OR, 95% C.I. 0.44 (0.22-0.89)) with prediabetes compared to older age and high levels of waist circumference, respectively. Concerning T2DM, 0-0.5 cups/day of fruits and berries (OR, 95% C.I.2. 13 (1.16-3.91)) and 150-300 g fish/week (OR, 95% C.I. 2.55 (1.01-6.41)) have a positive association compared to higher consumptions, respectively. Conversely, <1 cup/week legumes (OR, 95% C.I. 0.55 (0.31-0.99) as well as 0-0.5 servings (OR, 95% C.I. 0.34 (0.12-0.95) and 0.5-1 servings (OR, 95% C.I. 0.37 (0.19-0.71) of full-fat dairy/day have a negative association compared to higher consumptions, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings indicate the need for diabetes prevention measures targeting young adults and especially men, above 45 years of age, with central obesity and poor dietary habits and prioritize vulnerable groups and populations living in LMICs. NATIONAL CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT02393872.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalliopi Karatzi
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, Athens, 11855, Greece
| | - Eva Karaglani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El Venizelou Avenue, Kallithea, Athens, 17671, Greece
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jemina Kivelä
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Population Health Unit Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Wikström
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Population Health Unit Helsinki, Finland
| | - Violeta Iotova
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Kaloyan Tsochev
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetalina Tankova
- Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Imre Rurik
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anett S Radone
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Stavros Liatis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Makrilakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, University of Zaragoza, School of Health Science (EUCS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El Venizelou Avenue, Kallithea, Athens, 17671, Greece.
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Li Y, Yatsuya H, Wang C, Uemura M, Matsunaga M, He Y, Khine M, Ota A. Dietary Patterns Derived from Reduced Rank Regression Are Associated with the 5-Year Occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome: Aichi Workers' Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153019. [PMID: 35893873 PMCID: PMC9332382 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to derive dietary patterns to explain variation in a set of nutrient intakes or in the measurements of waist circumference (WC) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) using reduced rank regression (RRR) and to prospectively investigate these patterns in relation to the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components during the follow-up. The study participants were comprised of 2944 government employees aged 30−59 years without MetS. RRR was applied with 38 food groups as predictors and with two sets of response variables. The first set included intake of putatively beneficial nutrients, and the first factor retained was named the Healthy Dietary Pattern (HDP). The second one included baseline WC and FBG, and the first factor was named the Unhealthy Dietary Pattern (UHDP). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals with adjustments for age, sex, total energy consumption and other potential confounders. During the 5-year median follow-up, we ascertained 374 cases of MetS. The HDP score was inversely associated with the incidence of MetS (p-trend = 0.009) and hypertension (p-trend = 0.002) and marginally significantly associated with elevated triglyceride and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p-trend = 0.08). The UHDP score was linearly positively associated with the incidence of MetS and all its components (all p-trend < 0.05). Both the HDP and UHDP predicted the development of MetS and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Li
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.H.); (M.K.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-562-93-2476
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.U.)
| | - Chaochen Wang
- Japan Value, Evidence and Outcomes, Japan Drug Development and Medical Affairs, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Kobe 651-0086, Japan;
| | - Mayu Uemura
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.U.)
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masaaki Matsunaga
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.H.); (M.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Yupeng He
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.H.); (M.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Maythet Khine
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.H.); (M.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Atsuhiko Ota
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.H.); (M.K.); (A.O.)
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9
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Jurek J, Owczarek M, Godos J, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Marventano S, Tieri M, Ghelfi F, Titta L, Lafranconi A, Gambera A, Alonzo E, Sciacca S, Buscemi S, Ray S, Del Rio D, Galvano F, Grosso G. Fish and human health: an umbrella review of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:851-860. [PMID: 35758202 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2090520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fish represents one of the most important dietary sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are known to be associated with various health benefits. This study aimed to systematically review existing meta-analyses of observational studies exploring the association between fish intake and various health outcomes. A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to retrieve a total of 63 studies. Evidence was deemed as possible for the association between higher fish intake and decreased risk of the acute coronary syndrome, liver cancer, and depression, and limited for other outcomes (including age-related macular degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, heart failure, all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality, total and ischaemic stroke) due to heterogeneity between results and potential otherwise inexplicable confounding factors. In conclusion, results from epidemiological studies support the mechanistic effects associated with omega-3 fatty acids from high fish consumption, but evidence needs to be further corroborated with more reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jurek
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Marventano
- Rimini Women's Health, Childhood and Adolescent Department, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Maria Tieri
- SmartFood Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghelfi
- Fondazione De Marchi-Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucilla Titta
- SmartFood Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lafranconi
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Gambera
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Alonzo
- Food and Nutrition Security and Public Health Service, ASP Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Silvio Buscemi
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sumantra Ray
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Ulster, UK.,School of the Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
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10
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Wu W, Tang N, Zeng J, Jing J, Cai L. Dietary Protein Patterns during Pregnancy Are Associated with Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Pregnant Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081623. [PMID: 35458185 PMCID: PMC9026337 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Controversies around the association between dietary protein intake and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) persist. To the best of our knowledge, this association has not previously been reported from the perspective of dietary protein patterns. We aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary protein patterns and GDM risk in pregnant women, and 1014 pregnant women (20–28 weeks of gestation) were recruited in Guangzhou, China, during 2017–2018. Maternal dietary information was collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire, which covered the most common foods consumed in Guangzhou, China. GDM was identified by a 75g oral glucose tolerance test. A K-means cluster analysis was conducted to aggregate individuals into three groups, which were determined by the major sources of protein. Logistic regression was employed to explore the relationship between dietary protein patterns and the risk of GDM. Among the 1014 participants, 191 (18.84%) were diagnosed with GDM. In the total population, when comparing the highest quartile with the lowest, we found that total protein and animal protein intake increased the risk of GDM with the adjusted odds ratios (95%CI) being 6.27, 5.43 (1.71–23.03, 1.71–17.22), respectively. Pregnant women were further divided into three dietary protein patterns, namely, white meat, plant–dairy–eggs, and red meat protein patterns. Compared to women with the plant–dairy–eggs protein pattern, those with the red meat protein pattern (OR: 1.80; 95%CI: 1.06–3.07) or white meat protein pattern (OR: 1.83; 95%CI: 1.04–3.24) had an increased risk of GDM. Higher dietary intakes of total or animal protein during mid-pregnancy were related to an increased risk of GDM. Furthermore, we first found that, compared to women with the plant–dairy–eggs protein pattern, women with the red meat or white meat protein patterns had a higher risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (W.W.); (J.J.)
- Department of Scientific Research, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Haikou 570206, China
| | - Nu Tang
- Department of Health Care, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan 528000, China;
| | - Jingjing Zeng
- Evidence-Based Medicine Centre, Office of Academic Research, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441000, China;
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (W.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (W.W.); (J.J.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-87334956
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11
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The Prospective Associations of Lipid Metabolism-Related Dietary Patterns with the Risk of Diabetes in Chinese Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050980. [PMID: 35267955 PMCID: PMC8912567 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to identify lipid metabolism-related dietary patterns with reduced rank regression (RRR) among Chinese adults and examine their associations with incident diabetes. Methods: We derived lipid metabolism-related dietary patterns using an RRR with 21 food groups as predictors as well as total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference from the responses of 17,318 participants from the second resurvey of the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). The dietary scores were calculated for the entire cohort. We followed up 479,207 participants for diabetes incidence from the baseline and used multivariable Cox regression models to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Two lipid metabolism-related dietary patterns were extracted. The dietary pattern—characterized by high intakes of fish, poultry, and other staples as well as fresh fruit and vegetables—was correlated with a higher BMI, waist circumference, and LDL cholesterol. Participants in the highest quintile (Q5) had a 44% increased risk of diabetes incidence when compared with those in the lowest quintile (Q1) (HR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.31–1.59). Conclusions: A dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of both animal and plant foods was related to obesity and dyslipidemia and could increase the risk of diabetes incidence.
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12
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Al Rijjal D, Liu Y, Lai M, Song Y, Danaei Z, Wu A, Mohan H, Wei L, Schopfer FJ, Dai FF, Wheeler MB. Vascepa protects against high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and impaired β-cell function. iScience 2021; 24:102909. [PMID: 34458694 PMCID: PMC8379293 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acid prescription drugs, Vascepa (≥96% eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] ethyl ester) and Lovaza (46.5% EPA and 37.5% docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester) are known therapeutic regimens to treat hypertriglyceridemia. However, their impact on glucose homeostasis, progression to type 2 diabetes, and pancreatic beta cell function are not well understood. In the present study, mice were treated with Vascepa or Lovaza for one week prior to six weeks of high-fat diet feeding. Vascepa but not Lovaza led to reduced insulin resistance, reduced fasting insulin and glucose, and improved glucose intolerance. Vascepa improved beta cell function, reduced liver triglycerides with enhanced expression of hepatic fatty acid oxidation genes, and altered microbiota composition. Vascepa has protective effects on diet-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Al Rijjal
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Research Institute, ON, Canada
| | - Mi Lai
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Research Institute, ON, Canada
| | - Youchen Song
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zahra Danaei
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Anne Wu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Haneesha Mohan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Francisco J. Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Feihan F. Dai
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael B. Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Research Institute, ON, Canada
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13
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Pastorino S, Bishop T, Sharp SJ, Pearce M, Akbaraly T, Barbieri NB, Bes-Rastrollo M, Beulens JWJ, Chen Z, Du H, Duncan BB, Goto A, Härkänen T, Hashemian M, Kromhout D, Järvinen R, Kivimaki M, Knekt P, Lin X, Lund E, Magliano DJ, Malekzadeh R, Martínez-González MÁ, O’Donoghue G, O’Gorman D, Poustchi H, Rylander C, Sawada N, Shaw JE, Schmidt M, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Sun L, Wen W, Wolk A, Shu XO, Zheng W, Wareham NJ, Forouhi NG. Heterogeneity of Associations between Total and Types of Fish Intake and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Federated Meta-Analysis of 28 Prospective Studies Including 956,122 Participants. Nutrients 2021; 13:1223. [PMID: 33917229 PMCID: PMC8068031 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between fish consumption and new-onset type 2 diabetes is inconsistent and differs according to geographical location. We examined the association between the total and types of fish consumption and type 2 diabetes using individual participant data from 28 prospective cohort studies from the Americas (6), Europe (15), the Western Pacific (6), and the Eastern Mediterranean (1) comprising 956,122 participants and 48,084 cases of incident type 2 diabetes. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for associations of total fish, shellfish, fatty, lean, fried, freshwater, and saltwater fish intake and type 2 diabetes were derived for each study, adjusting for a consistent set of confounders and combined across studies using random-effects meta-analysis. We stratified all analyses by sex due to observed interaction (p = 0.002) on the association between fish and type 2 diabetes. In women, for each 100 g/week higher intake the IRRs (95% CIs) of type 2 diabetes were 1.02 (1.01-1.03, I2 = 61%) for total fish, 1.04 (1.01-1.07, I2 = 46%) for fatty fish, and 1.02 (1.00-1.04, I2 = 33%) for lean fish. In men, all associations were null. In women, we observed variation by geographical location: IRRs for total fish were 1.03 (1.02-1.04, I2 = 0%) in the Americas and null in other regions. In conclusion, we found evidence of a neutral association between total fish intake and type 2 diabetes in men, but there was a modest positive association among women with heterogeneity across studies, which was partly explained by geographical location and types of fish intake. Future research should investigate the role of cooking methods, accompanying foods and environmental pollutants, but meanwhile, existing dietary regional, national, or international guidelines should continue to guide fish consumption within overall healthy dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pastorino
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (T.B.); (S.J.S.); (M.P.); (N.J.W.)
- Department of Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Tom Bishop
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (T.B.); (S.J.S.); (M.P.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Stephen J. Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (T.B.); (S.J.S.); (M.P.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Matthew Pearce
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (T.B.); (S.J.S.); (M.P.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Tasnime Akbaraly
- Inserm U 1198, Montpellier University, F-34000 Montpellier, France;
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK;
| | - Natalia B. Barbieri
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040-060, Brazil; (N.B.B.); (B.B.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.B.-R.); (M.Á.M.-G.)
- CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Navarra’s Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joline W. J. Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC—Amsterdam VUMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zhengming Chen
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; (Z.C.); (H.D.)
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Huaidong Du
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; (Z.C.); (H.D.)
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Bruce B. Duncan
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040-060, Brazil; (N.B.B.); (B.B.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (A.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Tommi Härkänen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland; (T.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Maryam Hashemian
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713135, Iran; (M.H.); (R.M.); (H.P.)
- Biology Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Utica College, Utica, NY 13502, USA
| | - Daan Kromhout
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Ritva Järvinen
- Institute of Public Health and Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK;
| | - Paul Knekt
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland; (T.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Xu Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai, Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (X.L.); (L.S.)
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Department of Community Medicine, Pb. 5060, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (E.L.); (C.R.)
- The Cancer Registry of Norway, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dianna J. Magliano
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (D.J.M.); (J.E.S.)
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713135, Iran; (M.H.); (R.M.); (H.P.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.B.-R.); (M.Á.M.-G.)
- CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Navarra’s Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gráinne O’Donoghue
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, DO4 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Donal O’Gorman
- School of Health & Human Performance, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Whitehall, DO9 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713135, Iran; (M.H.); (R.M.); (H.P.)
| | - Charlotta Rylander
- Department of Community Medicine, Pb. 5060, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (E.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (A.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Jonathan E. Shaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (D.J.M.); (J.E.S.)
| | - Maria Schmidt
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040-060, Brazil; (N.B.B.); (B.B.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Sabita S. Soedamah-Muthu
- Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders (CORPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands;
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Liang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai, Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (X.L.); (L.S.)
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN 37203, USA; (W.W.); (X.-O.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN 37203, USA; (W.W.); (X.-O.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN 37203, USA; (W.W.); (X.-O.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (T.B.); (S.J.S.); (M.P.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Nita G. Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (T.B.); (S.J.S.); (M.P.); (N.J.W.)
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14
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Abdissa D. Purposeful Review to Identify the Benefits, Mechanism of Action and Practical Considerations of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus. NUTRITION AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.2147/nds.s298870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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15
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Neuenschwander M, Barbaresko J, Pischke CR, Iser N, Beckhaus J, Schwingshackl L, Schlesinger S. Intake of dietary fats and fatty acids and the incidence of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003347. [PMID: 33264277 PMCID: PMC7710077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of fat quantity and quality in type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevention is controversial. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the associations between intake of dietary fat and fatty acids and T2D, and to evaluate the certainty of evidence. METHODS AND FINDINGS We systematically searched PubMed and Web of Science through 28 October 2019 for prospective observational studies in adults on the associations between intake of dietary fat and fatty acids and T2D incidence. The systematic literature search and data extraction were conducted independently by 2 researchers. We conducted linear and nonlinear random effects dose-response meta-analyses, calculated summary relative risks (SRRs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and assessed the certainty of evidence. In total, 15,070 publications were identified in the literature search after the removal of duplicates. Out of the 180 articles screened in full text, 23 studies (19 cohorts) met our inclusion criteria, with 11 studies (6 cohorts) conducted in the US, 7 studies (7 cohorts) in Europe, 4 studies (5 cohorts) in Asia, and 1 study (1 cohort) in Australia. We mainly observed no or weak linear associations between dietary fats and fatty acids and T2D incidence. In nonlinear dose-response meta-analyses, the protective association for vegetable fat and T2D was steeper at lower levels up to 13 g/d (SRR [95% CI]: 0.81 [0.76; 0.88], pnonlinearity = 0.012, n = 5 studies) than at higher levels. Saturated fatty acids showed an apparent protective association above intakes around 17 g/d with T2D (SRR [95% CI]: 0.95 [0.90; 1.00], pnonlinearity = 0.028, n = 11). There was a nonsignificant association of a decrease in T2D incidence for polyunsaturated fatty acid intakes up to 5 g/d (SRR [95% CI]: 0.96 [0.91; 1.01], pnonlinearity = 0.023, n = 8), and for alpha-linolenic acid consumption up to 560 mg/d (SRR [95% CI]: 0.95 [0.90; 1.00], pnonlinearity = 0.014, n = 11), after which the curve rose slightly, remaining close to no association. The association for long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and T2D was approximately linear for intakes up to 270 mg/d (SRR [95% CI]: 1.10 [1.06; 1.15], pnonlinearity < 0.001, n = 16), with a flattening curve thereafter. Certainty of evidence was very low to moderate. Limitations of the study are the high unexplained inconsistency between studies, the measurement of intake of dietary fats and fatty acids via self-report on a food group level, which is likely to lead to measurement errors, and the possible influence of unmeasured confounders on the findings. CONCLUSIONS There was no association between total fat intake and the incidence of T2D. However, for specific fats and fatty acids, dose-response curves provided insights for significant associations with T2D. In particular, a high intake of vegetable fat was inversely associated with T2D incidence. Thus, a diet including vegetable fat rather than animal fat might be beneficial regarding T2D prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Neuenschwander
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Janett Barbaresko
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia R. Pischke
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadine Iser
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Beckhaus
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schlesinger
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Toi PL, Anothaisintawee T, Chaikledkaew U, Briones JR, Reutrakul S, Thakkinstian A. Preventive Role of Diet Interventions and Dietary Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Umbrella Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2722. [PMID: 32899917 PMCID: PMC7551929 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the body of evidence indicates clear benefits of dietary modifications for prevention of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it may be difficult for healthcare providers to recommend which diet interventions or dietary factors are appropriate for patients as there are too many modalities available. Accordingly, we performed an umbrella review to synthesize evidence on diet interventions and dietary factors in prevention of T2DM. METHODS Medline and Scopus databases were searched for relevant studies. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomized-controlled trial or observational studies were eligible if they measured effects of diet interventions and/or dietary factors including dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients on risk of T2DM. The effect of each diet intervention/factor was summarized qualitatively. RESULTS Sixty systematic reviews and meta-analyses were eligible. Results of the review suggest that healthy dietary patterns such as Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets, and high consumption of whole grains, low-fat dairy products, yogurt, olive oil, chocolate, fiber, magnesium, and flavonoid significantly reduced the risk of T2DM. In contrast, high glycemic index and glycemic load diets, high consumption of red and processed meat, and sugar or artificial sugar-sweetened beverages significantly increased risk of T2DM. Prescribing diet interventions with or without physical activity interventions significantly decreased risk of T2DM in both high-risk and general population. CONCLUSION High consumption of Mediterranean and DASH diet, and interventions that modified the quality of diet intake significantly reduced risk of T2DM especially in the high-risk population. These lifestyle modifications should be promoted in both individual and population levels to prevent and decrease burden from T2DM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phung Lam Toi
- Mahidol University Health Technology Assessment (MUHTA) Graduate Program, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.L.T.); (U.C.); (J.R.B.); (A.T.)
- Health Strategy and Policy Institute, Ministry of Health, Hanoi 10400, Vietnam
| | - Thunyarat Anothaisintawee
- Mahidol University Health Technology Assessment (MUHTA) Graduate Program, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.L.T.); (U.C.); (J.R.B.); (A.T.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Usa Chaikledkaew
- Mahidol University Health Technology Assessment (MUHTA) Graduate Program, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.L.T.); (U.C.); (J.R.B.); (A.T.)
- Social Administrative Pharmacy Division, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jamaica Roanne Briones
- Mahidol University Health Technology Assessment (MUHTA) Graduate Program, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.L.T.); (U.C.); (J.R.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Sirimon Reutrakul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, 835 S Wolcott, Ste E625, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Ammarin Thakkinstian
- Mahidol University Health Technology Assessment (MUHTA) Graduate Program, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.L.T.); (U.C.); (J.R.B.); (A.T.)
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Abbott KA, Burrows TL, Acharya S, Thota RN, Garg ML. DHA-enriched fish oil reduces insulin resistance in overweight and obese adults. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 159:102154. [PMID: 32563863 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation is major factor in the development of insulin resistance (IR). Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are anti-inflammatory bioactive lipids, thus may protect against type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. Previous research has demonstrated a sex-dependent association between LCn-3PUFA and T2D, and evidence suggests LCn-3PUFA may improve IR in a sex-dependent manner. This double-blind, randomized, parallel-arm placebo-controlled study aimed to determine whether DHA-enriched fish oil (FO) supplementation improves IR. Sex-dependent effects were assessed by testing for an interaction between sex and treatment in the multiple regression models. Men and women with abdominal obesity (waist circumference: males, ≥102 cm; females, ≥88 cm) and without diabetes were recruited from the community. Participants (age: 50.9 ± 12.7 years, female: 63.7%, BMI: 32.4 ± 6.6 kg/m2) were randomly allocated to either 2 g FO (860 mg DHA + 120 mg EPA) (intervention, n = 38) or 2 g corn oil (CO) /day (control, n = 35) for 12 weeks in a double-blind randomised controlled trial. A fasting blood sample was collected at 0 and 12 weeks for assessment of IR, glucose and blood lipid profile. Sixty-eight participants completed the intervention. Compared with CO (n = 32), FO (n = 36) significantly reduced fasting insulin by -1.62 μIU/L (95%CI: -2.99, -0.26,) (p = 0.021) and HOMA-IR by -0.40 units (95%CI: -0.78, -0.02, p = 0.038). Higher insulin and HOMA-IR at baseline were associated with greater reductions in the FO group (p < 0.001). There was no interaction between sex and treatment for the change in insulin (p-interactionsex*treatment = 0.816) or HOMA-IR (p-interactionsex*treatment = 0.825). DHA-enriched FO reduces IR in adults with abdominal obesity, however, sex-dependent differences were not evident in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Abbott
- Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - T L Burrows
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - S Acharya
- School of Public Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - R N Thota
- Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Australia; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - M L Garg
- Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Australia; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Khaire A, Wadhwani N, Madiwale S, Joshi S. Maternal fats and pregnancy complications: Implications for long-term health. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 157:102098. [PMID: 32380367 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy imposes increased nutritional requirements for the well being of the mother and fetus. Maternal lipid metabolism is critical for fetal development and long-term health of the offspring as it plays a key role in energy storage, tissue growth and cell signaling. Maternal fat composition is considered as a modifiable risk for abnormal lipid metabolism and glucose tolerance during pregnancy. Data derived from observational studies demonstrate that higher intake of saturated fats during pregnancy is associated with pregnancy complications (preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and preterm delivery) and poor birth outcomes (intra uterine growth retardation and large for gestational age babies). On the other hand, prenatal long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids status is shown to improve birth outome. In this article, we discuss the role of maternal lipids during pregnancy on fetal growth and development and its consequences on the health of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Khaire
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Nisha Wadhwani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Shweta Madiwale
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India.
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Effect of Cod Residual Protein Supplementation on Markers of Glucose Regulation in Lean Adults: A Randomized Double-Blind Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051445. [PMID: 32429429 PMCID: PMC7285039 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Large quantities of protein-rich cod residuals, which are currently discarded, could be utilized for human consumption. Although fish fillet intake is related to beneficial health effects, little is known about the potential health effects of consuming cod residual protein powder. Fifty lean adults were randomized to consume capsules with 8.1 g/day of cod residual protein (Cod-RP) or placebo capsules (Control group) for eight weeks, in this randomized, double-blind study. The intervention was completed by 40 participants. Fasting glucose and insulin concentrations were unaffected by Cod-RP supplementation, whereas plasma concentrations of α-hydroxybutyrate, β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate all were decreased compared with the Control group. Trimethylamine N-oxide concentration in plasma and urine were increased in the Cod-RP group compared with the Control group. To conclude, the reduction in these potential early markers of impaired glucose metabolism following Cod-RP supplementation may indicate beneficial glucoregulatory effects of cod residual proteins. Trimethylamine N-oxide appears to be an appropriate biomarker of cod residual protein intake in lean adults.
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20
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Delarue J. Are marine n-3 fatty acids protective towards insulin resistance? From cell to human. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:1-11. [PMID: 32138806 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Marine n-3 fatty acids improve most of the biochemical alterations associated with insulin resistance (IR). Experimental models of dietary-induced IR in rodents have shown their ability (often at a very high dose) to prevent IR, but with sometimes a tissue specific effect. However, in a high sucrose diet-induced IR rat model, they are unable to reverse IR once installed; in other rodent models (dexamethasone, Zucker rats), they are inefficacious perhaps because of the severity of IR. The very low incidence of type-2 diabetes (T2D) in Inuits in the 1960s, which largely increased over the following decades in parallel to the replacement of their traditional marine food for a western diet strongly suggests a protective effect of marine n-3 towards the risk of T2D; this was confirmed by reversal of its incidence in intervention studies reintroducing their traditional food. In healthy subjects and insulin-resistant non-diabetic patients, most trials and meta-analyses conclude to an insulin-sensitising effect and to a very probable preventive or alleviating effect towards IR. Concerning the risk of T2D, concordant data allow us to conclude the protective effect of marine n-3 in Asians while suspicion exists of an aggravation of risk in Westerners, but with the possibility that it could be explained by a high heterogeneity of studies performed in this population. Some longitudinal cohorts in US/European people showed no association or a decreased risk. Further studies using more homogeneous doses, sources of n-3 and assessment of insulin sensitivity methods are required to better delineate their effects in Westerners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Delarue
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Laboratory of Human Nutrition, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine/University of Brest, Brittany, France
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The effects of omega-3 fatty acids on diabetic nephropathy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228315. [PMID: 32045421 PMCID: PMC7012392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and metabolic biomarkers among patients with diabetes. STUDY DESIGN Meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). SETTING & SUBJECTS Patients with diabetes. SELECTION CRITERIA FOR STUDIES We conducted electronic searches in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 1960 to April 2019 to identify RCTs, which examined the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on proteinuria, eGFR and metabolic biomarkers among diabetic patients. RESULTS Ten RCTs with 344 participants were included in our meta-analysis. Omega-3 fatty acids reduced the amount of proteinuria among type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM). This association was only significant among type 2 DM (SMD = -0.29 (95% CI: -0.54, -0.03; p = 0.03). Only studies with duration of intervention of 24 weeks or longer demonstrated a significant lower proteinuria among omega-3 fatty acids compared to control group (SMD = -0.30 (95% CI: -0.58, -0.02; p = 0.04). There was a higher eGFR for both type 1 and type 2 DM groups among omega-3 fatty acids compared to control group, however, the effect was not statistically significant. Regarding serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HbA1C, there was no significant difference comparing omega-3 fatty acids to control group. There was a non-significant systolic blood pressure reduction in the omega-3 fatty acids supplementation group compared to control. CONCLUSION Omega-3 fatty acids could help ameliorate proteinuria among type 2 DM who received omega-3 supplementation for at least 24 weeks without adverse effects on HbA1C, total serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol.
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Yamagishi SI, Matsui T. Effects of Dietary Intake and Supplementation of Fatty Acids on Cardiometabolic Disorders in Humans: a Lesson from a Large Number of Meta-Analyses. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666181107113148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fatty acids have exerted numerous pathophysiological effects in humans. Indeed,
monounsaturated fatty acids and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are generally thought to have favorable
cardiometabolic actions via their anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic properties, while saturated
fatty acids and trans fatty acids are supposed to contribute to the development and progression
of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases by inducing dyslipidemia and obesity. However, there is
much controversy about the effects of dietary intake and supplementation of fatty acids on cardiometabolic
disorders. Therefore, in the present study, we limited the scope of this review to metaanalyses
(1) of observational studies of dietary intake of fatty acids and (2) of interventional trials
with fatty acid supplements to scrutinize the role of fatty acids in various cardiometabolic disorders.
We discuss here the clinical effects of fatty acids from dietary intake or supplements on incidence of
diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity and body weight, cardiovascular diseases and total mortality,
and also review the association of fatty acid biomarkers with these cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho-ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Brown TJ, Brainard J, Song F, Wang X, Abdelhamid A, Hooper L. Omega-3, omega-6, and total dietary polyunsaturated fat for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2019; 366:l4697. [PMID: 31434641 PMCID: PMC6699594 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l4697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess effects of increasing omega-3, omega-6, and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on diabetes diagnosis and glucose metabolism. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analyses. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Clinicaltrials.gov, and trials in relevant systematic reviews. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials of at least 24 weeks' duration assessing effects of increasing α-linolenic acid, long chain omega-3, omega-6, or total PUFA, which collected data on diabetes diagnoses, fasting glucose or insulin, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and/or homoeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). DATA SYNTHESIS Statistical analysis included random effects meta-analyses using relative risk and mean difference, and sensitivity analyses. Funnel plots were examined and subgrouping assessed effects of intervention type, replacement, baseline risk of diabetes and use of antidiabetes drugs, trial duration, and dose. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane tool and quality of evidence with GRADE. RESULTS 83 randomised controlled trials (mainly assessing effects of supplementary long chain omega-3) were included; 10 were at low summary risk of bias. Long chain omega-3 had little or no effect on likelihood of diagnosis of diabetes (relative risk 1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.85 to 1.17; 58 643 participants, 3.7% developed diabetes) or measures of glucose metabolism (HbA1c mean difference -0.02%, 95% confidence interval -0.07% to 0.04%; plasma glucose 0.04, 0.02 to 0.07, mmol/L; fasting insulin 1.02, -4.34 to 6.37, pmol/L; HOMA-IR 0.06, -0.21 to 0.33). A suggestion of negative outcomes was observed when dose of supplemental long chain omega-3 was above 4.4 g/d. Effects of α-linolenic acid, omega-6, and total PUFA on diagnosis of diabetes were unclear (as the evidence was of very low quality), but little or no effect on measures of glucose metabolism was seen, except that increasing α-linolenic acid may increase fasting insulin (by about 7%). No evidence was found that the omega-3/omega-6 ratio is important for diabetes or glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This is the most extensive systematic review of trials to date to assess effects of polyunsaturated fats on newly diagnosed diabetes and glucose metabolism, including previously unpublished data following contact with authors. Evidence suggests that increasing omega-3, omega-6, or total PUFA has little or no effect on prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017064110.
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Namazi N, Brett NR, Bellissimo N, Larijani B, Heshmati J, Azadbakht L. The association between types of seafood intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Health Promot Perspect 2019; 9:164-173. [PMID: 31508336 PMCID: PMC6717924 DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2019.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Seafood is the main source of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFAs) with beneficial health effects; however, findings on the association between the consumption of different types of seafood and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are conflicting. Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the relationship between different types of fish/seafood and the risk of T2DM in adult populations. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science (ISI) databases was performed for cohort studies, published in English, before 1 September 2017. Multivariate adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each category of seafood were pooled to examine the association. Results: Comparing the highest vs. lowest fatty fish intake categories indicated that there was a significant inverse association between the consumption of fatty fish and onset of T2DM (RR:0.89; 95 % CI: 0.82, 0.98; I2: 0%, P=0.54). However, after performing sensitivity analysis, we found that eliminating one study resulted in a non-significant association (RR: 0.93; 95 % CI:0.80, 1.09). There were no significant associations between lean fish (RR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.87,1.22, I2: 51.0%, P=0.08), seafood other than fish (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.10, I2: 71.2%,P=0.002), fish products (RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.13, I2:0%, P=0.62), and fried fish (RR: 1.02;95% CI: 0.83, 1.26, I2:71.2%, P=0.06) and T2DM risk. Conclusion: The risk of T2DM was not associated with the intake of lean fish, seafood other than fish, and fish products. However, due to the low robustness of findings regarding protective roles of oily fish, more longitudinal studies are needed to clarify this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Namazi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neil R. Brett
- School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nick Bellissimo
- School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Abstract
Purpose of Review It is estimated that over 400 million people worldwide are living with diabetes. Excess adiposity is the strongest risk factor for non-insulin-dependent diabetes, type 2. Lifestyle interventions have demonstrated that diet plays a critical role in preventing the onset of type 2 diabetes. Dietary fat is not only a source of energy and nutrients, but also bioactive fatty acids. The purpose of this review was to examine data from recent prospective cohort studies and dietary interventions to determine if there are benefits to fat consumption on diabetes risk. Recent Findings The consumption of fish and marine n-3 fatty acids among Asian populations and regular-fat dairy foods and trans-palmitoleic acid (trans-16, n-7) among Western populations may be associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes. Summary Whereas some dietary fat may contribute to reduced diabetes risk, lifestyle recommendations to balance calories with physical activity are prudent at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth H Rice Bradley
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, 255 MLS Carrigan Wing, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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Neuenschwander M, Ballon A, Weber KS, Norat T, Aune D, Schwingshackl L, Schlesinger S. Role of diet in type 2 diabetes incidence: umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective observational studies. BMJ 2019; 366:l2368. [PMID: 31270064 PMCID: PMC6607211 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l2368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarise the evidence of associations between dietary factors and incidence of type 2 diabetes and to evaluate the strength and validity of these associations. DESIGN Umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of prospective observational studies. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, searched up to August 2018. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Systematic reviews with meta-analyses reporting summary risk estimates for the associations between incidence of type 2 diabetes and dietary behaviours or diet quality indices, food groups, foods, beverages, alcoholic beverages, macronutrients, and micronutrients. RESULTS 53 publications were included, with 153 adjusted summary hazard ratios on dietary behaviours or diet quality indices (n=12), food groups and foods (n=56), beverages (n=10), alcoholic beverages (n=12), macronutrients (n=32), and micronutrients (n=31), regarding incidence of type 2 diabetes. Methodological quality was high for 75% (n=115) of meta-analyses, moderate for 23% (n=35), and low for 2% (n=3). Quality of evidence was rated high for an inverse association for type 2 diabetes incidence with increased intake of whole grains (for an increment of 30 g/day, adjusted summary hazard ratio 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.82 to 0.93)) and cereal fibre (for an increment of 10 g/day, 0.75 (0.65 to 0.86)), as well as for moderate intake of total alcohol (for an intake of 12-24 g/day v no consumption, 0.75 (0.67 to 0.83)). Quality of evidence was also high for the association for increased incidence of type 2 diabetes with higher intake of red meat (for an increment of 100 g/day, 1.17 (1.08 to 1.26)), processed meat (for an increment of 50 g/day, 1.37 (1.22 to 1.54)), bacon (per two slices/day, 2.07 (1.40 to 3.05)), and sugar sweetened beverages (for an increase of one serving/day, 1.26 (1.11 to 1.43)). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the association between dietary factors and type 2 diabetes has been extensively studied, but few of the associations were graded as high quality of evidence. Further factors are likely to be important in type 2 diabetes prevention; thus, more well conducted research, with more detailed assessment of diet, is needed. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018088106.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Neuenschwander
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Aurélie Ballon
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina S Weber
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Teresa Norat
- Department of Nutrition, Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schlesinger
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
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Lee KR, Midgette Y, Shah R. Fish Oil Derived Omega 3 Fatty Acids Suppress Adipose NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling in Human Obesity. J Endocr Soc 2019; 3:504-515. [PMID: 30788452 PMCID: PMC6371080 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The NRLP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein danger-sensing complex that serves as a critical link between obesity-related adipose inflammation and insulin resistance and has been shown in animal models to be inhibited by fish oil-derived long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA). OBJECTIVE We conducted a clinical trial and in vitro experiments to test our hypothesis that n-3 PUFA suppress NLRP3 inflammasome in human obesity through downregulation of inflammasome gene expression in adipocytes and macrophages. DESIGN Placebo-controlled clinical trial and in vitro coculture experiments with primary human adipocytes (from biopsy specimens) and human THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages treated with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) vs vehicle control. SETTING General community, research laboratory. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS Obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2), nondiabetic males and females age 18 to 50. N = 25. INTERVENTIONS Clinical trial: Eight-week treatment with 4 g Lovaza (EPA and DHA) or placebo. Cells culture: EPA and/or DHA at 100 µg/mL or vehicle control in culture medium. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Adipose tissue or adipocyte/macrophage mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-18 and circulating IL-18 levels. RESULTS Treatment of obese human subjects with fish oil supplements reduced expression of adipose inflammatory genes including inflammasome-associated IL-18 and IL-1β and circulating IL-18 levels. Both EPA and DHA reduced inflammasome gene expression in obese human adipose and human adipocyte and macrophages. CONCLUSIONS N-3 PUFA reduce NLRP3 inflammasome in human adipose through downregulation of gene expression in adipocytes and monocytes/macrophages and has potential as nutritional therapeutic agent in prevention of obesity-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailey Roberts Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yasmeen Midgette
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachana Shah
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nutrition recommendations emphasize that not only dietary fat quantity but also fat quality plays a role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence for dietary fat and risk of T2D, to highlight recent findings and point out future research directions. RECENT FINDINGS Total fat intake was not associated with risk of T2D, whereas the findings on fatty acids (FAs) and risk of T2D were controversial. Recent findings suggested that FAs from the same classes (e.g. omega-6 FAs) but different sources might be differently associated with the risk of T2D, with indication for an association with lower risk of T2D for plant-based and higher risk/no association for animal-based FAs. In addition, differences between populations from different geographic areas might exist, but no interaction effects for fat intake and genetic predisposition were observed regarding T2D risk. The simultaneous investigation of different fats and dietary patterns can provide important and meaningful insights into these associations. SUMMARY The evidence for the association between dietary fat intake and risk of T2D is not conclusive yet. To strengthen the evidence, the complexity of the different associations of dietary fats should be considered in well conducted future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schlesinger
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Manuela Neuenschwander
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf
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Adeyemi WJ, Olayaki LA. Diabetes escalates knee osteoarthritis in rats: Evidence of adaptive mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 61:1-7. [PMID: 29803977 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Clinical reports on the coexistence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and osteoarthritis (OA) dated back to the 1960 s. Therefore, the study investigated the effects of induced DM and/or knee osteoarthritis (KOA) on known biomarkers in male Wistar rats. Twenty rats of five animals per group were induced with DM and/or knee OA using streptozotocin plus nicotinamide and sodium monoiodoacetate. Afterwards, they were left untreated for four weeks.The results showed that pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative events were most significantly expressed in D + OA group and least in OA group. In contrast to the other experimental groups, there was a decreased bone formation in DM group.Unexpectedly, there were significant increases in bone and cartilage degradation markers in diabetic group, relative to D + OA group. In conclusion, diabetic-osteoarthritic state is characterised by more altered biochemical profile, relative to what is probable in either disease condition. Nevertheless, this situation remains subject to the influence of endogenous homeostatic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wale Johnson Adeyemi
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
| | - Luqman Aribidesi Olayaki
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
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Ekmekcioglu C, Wallner P, Kundi M, Weisz U, Haas W, Hutter HP. Red meat, diseases, and healthy alternatives: A critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:247-261. [PMID: 27128451 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1158148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Meat is an important food for human nutrition, by especially providing high-quality protein and also some essential micronutrients, in front iron, zinc, and vitamin B12. However, a high intake of red and processed meat is associated with an increased risk for diseases, especially type 2 diabetes and colorectal cancer, as several epidemiological studies and meta-analyses have shown. This review summarizes meta-analyses of publications studying the association between red and processed meat intake and type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, colorectal and other cancers, and all-cause mortality. Various potential mechanisms involved in the increased disease risk are discussed. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of healthy alternatives for meat, like fish, nuts, vegetables and fruits, pulses and legumes, whole grains, and dairy products are reviewed by including selected papers and recent meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Ekmekcioglu
- a Department of Environmental Health , Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Peter Wallner
- a Department of Environmental Health , Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- a Department of Environmental Health , Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Ulli Weisz
- b Institute of Social Ecology, IFF Vienna, Alpen-Adria University Klagenfurt , Klagenfurt am Wörthersee , Austria
| | - Willi Haas
- b Institute of Social Ecology, IFF Vienna, Alpen-Adria University Klagenfurt , Klagenfurt am Wörthersee , Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Hutter
- a Department of Environmental Health , Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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31
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Gene-Diet Interactions in Type 2 Diabetes: The Chicken and Egg Debate. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061188. [PMID: 28574454 PMCID: PMC5486011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Consistent evidence from both experimental and human studies indicates that Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease resulting from the interaction of genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Nutrients and dietary patterns are important environmental factors to consider in the prevention, development and treatment of this disease. Nutritional genomics focuses on the interaction between bioactive food components and the genome and includes studies of nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics and epigenetic modifications caused by nutrients. There is evidence supporting the existence of nutrient-gene and T2DM interactions coming from animal studies and family-based intervention studies. Moreover, many case-control, cohort, cross-sectional cohort studies and clinical trials have identified relationships between individual genetic load, diet and T2DM. Some of these studies were on a large scale. In addition, studies with animal models and human observational studies, in different countries over periods of time, support a causative relationship between adverse nutritional conditions during in utero development, persistent epigenetic changes and T2DM. This review provides comprehensive information on the current state of nutrient-gene interactions and their role in T2DM pathogenesis, the relationship between individual genetic load and diet, and the importance of epigenetic factors in influencing gene expression and defining the individual risk of T2DM.
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Pang WW, Colega M, Cai S, Chan YH, Padmapriya N, Chen LW, Soh SE, Han WM, Tan KH, Lee YS, Saw SM, Gluckman PD, Godfrey KM, Chong YS, van Dam RM, Chong MF. Higher Maternal Dietary Protein Intake Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Multiethnic Asian Cohort. J Nutr 2017; 147:653-660. [PMID: 28275101 PMCID: PMC5382972 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.243881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary protein may affect glucose metabolism through several mechanisms, but results from studies on dietary protein intake and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been inconsistent.Objective: We examined the cross-sectional associations of dietary protein intake from different food sources during pregnancy with the risk of GDM in a multiethnic Asian population.Methods: We included 980 participants with singleton pregnancies from the Growing Up in Singapore Toward healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort. Protein intake was ascertained from 24-h dietary recall and 3-d food diaries at 26-28 wk gestation. GDM was defined as fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L and/or 2-h postload glucose ≥7.8 mmol/L at 26-28 wk gestation. We evaluated the association of dietary protein intake with GDM risk by substituting carbohydrate with protein in an isocaloric model with the use of multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results: The prevalence of GDM was 17.9% among our participants. After adjustment for potential confounders, a higher total dietary protein intake was associated with a higher risk of GDM; the OR comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of intake was 2.15 (95% CI: 1.27, 3.62; P-trend = 0.016). Higher intake levels of both animal protein (OR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.58, 5.20; P-trend = 0.001) and vegetable protein (OR: 1.78; 95% CI: 0.99, 3.20; P-trend = 0.009) were associated with a higher risk of GDM. Among the animal protein sources, higher intake levels of seafood protein (OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.26, 3.72; P-trend = 0.023) and dairy protein (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.11, 3.15; P-trend = 0.017) were significantly associated with a higher GDM risk.Conclusion: Higher intake levels of both animal and vegetable protein were associated with a higher risk of GDM in Asian women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01174875.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjorelee Colega
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | - Shu-E Soh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kok Hian Tan
- Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Paediatrics, and.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton, United Kingdom; and.,National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, .,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mary Ff Chong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; .,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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Chen C, Yang Y, Yu X, Hu S, Shao S. Association between omega-3 fatty acids consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Diabetes Investig 2017; 8:480-488. [PMID: 28032469 PMCID: PMC5497038 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Epidemiological evidence for the effect of omega‐3 fatty acids on the risk of type 2 diabetes is controversial. A meta‐analysis based on prospective cohorts was carried out to evaluate this issue. Materials and Methods Pooled diabetic risk was calculated using a fixed or random effects model. The dose–response relationship was assessed by meta‐regression analysis. Results The study showed that consumption of single omega‐3 was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (relative risk [RR] = 1.45, P < 0.001); whereas the RR for mixed omega‐3 was statistically insignificant. The dose–response curve presented an inverted U‐shape of diabetes risk corresponding to the dose of omega‐3 consumption. Subanalysis showed that omega‐3 was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes risk in Asians (RR = 0.82, P < 0.001); whereas the risk was increased in Westerners (RR = 1.30, P < 0.001). Studies with follow‐up duration ≥16 years and baseline age ≥54 years showed a positive association between type 2 diabetes risk and omega‐3 intake. Conclusions The present findings suggest that dosage and composition of omega‐3, ethnicity, trial duration, and age could influence the effect of omega‐3 on type 2 diabetes progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Chen
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.,Division of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuhong Hu
- Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiying Shao
- Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
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Roohinejad S, Koubaa M, Barba FJ, Saljoughian S, Amid M, Greiner R. Application of seaweeds to develop new food products with enhanced shelf-life, quality and health-related beneficial properties. Food Res Int 2016; 99:1066-1083. [PMID: 28865618 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Edible seaweeds are a good source of antioxidants, dietary fibers, essential amino acids, vitamins, phytochemicals, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and minerals. Many studies have evaluated the gelling, thickening and therapeutic properties of seaweeds when they are used individually. This review gives an overview on the nutritional, textural, sensorial, and health-related properties of food products enriched with seaweeds and seaweed extracts. The effect of seaweed incorporation on properties of meat, fish, bakery, and other food products were highlighted in depth. Moreover, the positive effects of foods enriched with seaweeds and seaweed extracts on different lifestyle diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes were also discussed. The results of the studies demonstrated that the addition of seaweeds, in powder or extract form, can improve the nutritional and textural properties of food products. Additionally, low-fat products with less calories and less saturated fatty acids can be prepared using seaweeds. Moreover, the addition of seaweeds also affected the health properties of food products. The results of these studies demonstrated that the health value, shelf-life and overall quality of foods can be improved through the addition of either seaweeds or seaweed extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Roohinejad
- Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Mohamed Koubaa
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR), Centre de Recherche de Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Sania Saljoughian
- Nutritional Science Department, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrnoush Amid
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ralf Greiner
- Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Comerford KB, Pasin G. Emerging Evidence for the Importance of Dietary Protein Source on Glucoregulatory Markers and Type 2 Diabetes: Different Effects of Dairy, Meat, Fish, Egg, and Plant Protein Foods. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080446. [PMID: 27455320 PMCID: PMC4997361 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational studies provide evidence that a higher intake of protein from plant-based foods and certain animal-based foods is associated with a lower risk for type 2 diabetes. However, there are few distinguishable differences between the glucoregulatory qualities of the proteins in plant-based foods, and it is likely their numerous non-protein components (e.g., fibers and phytochemicals) that drive the relationship with type 2 diabetes risk reduction. Conversely, the glucoregulatory qualities of the proteins in animal-based foods are extremely divergent, with a higher intake of certain animal-based protein foods showing negative effects, and others showing neutral or positive effects on type 2 diabetes risk. Among the various types of animal-based protein foods, a higher intake of dairy products (such as milk, yogurt, cheese and whey protein) consistently shows a beneficial relationship with glucose regulation and/or type 2 diabetes risk reduction. Intervention studies provide evidence that dairy proteins have more potent effects on insulin and incretin secretion compared to other commonly consumed animal proteins. In addition to their protein components, such as insulinogenic amino acids and bioactive peptides, dairy products also contain a food matrix rich in calcium, magnesium, potassium, trans-palmitoleic fatty acids, and low-glycemic index sugars-all of which have been shown to have beneficial effects on aspects of glucose control, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and/or type 2 diabetes risk. Furthermore, fermentation and fortification of dairy products with probiotics and vitamin D may improve a dairy product's glucoregulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Comerford
- California Dairy Research Foundation (CDRF), 501 G Street, Ste. 203, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Gonca Pasin
- California Dairy Research Foundation (CDRF), 501 G Street, Ste. 203, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Sex-dependent association between erythrocyte n-3 PUFA and type 2 diabetes in older overweight people. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1379-86. [PMID: 26887798 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The association between n-3 PUFA intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unclear, and studies relating objective biomarkers of n-3 PUFA consumption to diabetic status remain limited. The aim of this study was to determine whether erythrocyte n-3 PUFA levels (n-3 index; n-3I) are associated with T2D in a cohort of older adults (n 608). To achieve this, the n-3I (erythrocyte %EPA+%DHA) was determined by GC and associated with fasting blood glucose; HbA1c; and plasma insulin. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA--IR). OR for T2D were calculated for each quartile of n-3I. In all, eighty-two type 2 diabetic (46·3 % female; 76·7 (sd 5·9) years) and 466 non-diabetic (57·9 % female; 77·8 (sd 7·1) years) individuals were included in the analysis. In overweight/obese (BMI≥27 kg/m2), the prevalence of T2D decreased across ascending n-3I quartiles: 1·0 (reference), 0·82 (95 % CI 0·31, 2·18), 0·56 (95 % CI 0·21, 1·52) and 0·22 (95 % CI 0·06, 0·82) (P trend=0·015). A similar but non-significant trend was seen in overweight men. After adjusting for BMI, no associations were found between n-3I and fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin or HOMA-IR. In conclusion, higher erythrocyte n-3 PUFA status may be protective against the development of T2D in overweight women. Further research is warranted to determine whether dietary interventions that improve n-3 PUFA status can improve measures of IR, and to further elucidate sex-dependent differences.
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Harris WS, Luo J, Pottala JV, Margolis KL, Espeland MA, Robinson JG. Red Blood Cell Fatty Acids and Incident Diabetes Mellitus in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147894. [PMID: 26881936 PMCID: PMC4755935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Context The relations between dietary and/or circulating levels of fatty acids and the development of type 2 diabetes is unclear. Protective associations with the marine omega-3 fatty acids and linoleic acid, and with a marker of fatty acid desaturase activity delta-5 desaturase (D5D ratio) have been reported, as have adverse relations with saturated fatty acids and D6D ratio. Objective To determine the associations between red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid distributions and incident type 2 diabetes. Design Prospective observational cohort study nested in the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study. Setting General population. Subjects Postmenopausal women. Main Outcome Measures Self-reported incident type 2 diabetes. Results There were 703 new cases of type 2 diabetes over 11 years of follow up among 6379 postmenopausal women. In the fully adjusted models, baseline RBC D5D ratio was inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes [Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81–0.95) per 1 SD increase. Similarly, baseline RBC D6D ratio and palmitic acid were directly associated with incident type 2 diabetes (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04–1.25; and HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.14–1.35, respectively). None of these relations were materially altered by excluding incident cases in the first two years of follow-up. There were no significant relations with eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic or linoleic acids. Conclusions Whether altered fatty acid desaturase activities or palmitic acid levels are causally related to the development of type 2 diabetes cannot be determined from this study, but our findings suggest that proportions of certain fatty acids in RBC membranes are associated with risk for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, and OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - James V. Pottala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Karen L. Margolis
- HealthPartners Foundation for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Espeland
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jennifer G. Robinson
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
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Delarue J, Allain-Jeannic G, Guillerm S, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Magnan C, Moineau MP, Le Guen V. Interaction of low dose of fish oil and glucocorticoids on insulin sensitivity and lipolysis in healthy humans: A randomized controlled study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:886-96. [PMID: 26821227 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study examined the interaction of fish oil (FO) with dexamethasone on glucose and lipid metabolisms in healthy subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS The study included two consecutive parts. Part A (randomized) in 16 subjects studied the effects of dexamethasone (2 days, 2 mg/day) versus placebo (lactose), part B (two parallel subgroups of eight) studied the interaction of FO (3 wk, 840 mg/day of EPA + DHA) with dexamethasone. Insulin sensitivity of lipolysis (d5-glycerol infusion + microdialysis), endogenous glucose production, and muscle glucose uptake were assessed by a three-step hot insulin clamp and substrate oxidation by indirect calorimetry. Dexamethasone induced liver and peripheral insulin resistance, an increase in fat oxidation, and a decrease in suppression of plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs). FO amplified the effects of dexamethasone by increasing liver and muscle insulin resistance, by reducing suppression of plasma NEFAs and fat oxidation and by increasing adipose tissue (AT) lipolysis. CONCLUSION FO, given at a moderate dose in healthy subjects prior to a very short-term (2 days) low dose of a synthetic glucocorticoid, worsened its deleterious effects on insulin sensitivity. The enhancing effect of FO on fat oxidation and AT lipolysis might be a protective effect toward an increase in fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Delarue
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Laboratory of Human Nutrition, University Hospital of Brest, Brest University, Brest, France.,Breton Federation of Food and Human Nutrition (FED4216), University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Gwenola Allain-Jeannic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Laboratory of Human Nutrition, University Hospital of Brest, Brest University, Brest, France
| | - Sophie Guillerm
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Laboratory of Human Nutrition, University Hospital of Brest, Brest University, Brest, France
| | | | - Christophe Magnan
- BFA, UMR 8251 CNRS, Sorbonne Paris Cité, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Moineau
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology Toxicology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest University, Brest, France
| | - Valérie Le Guen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Laboratory of Human Nutrition, University Hospital of Brest, Brest University, Brest, France
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Abstract
Suboptimal nutrition is a leading cause of poor health. Nutrition and policy science have advanced rapidly, creating confusion yet also providing powerful opportunities to reduce the adverse health and economic impacts of poor diets. This review considers the history, new evidence, controversies, and corresponding lessons for modern dietary and policy priorities for cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Major identified themes include the importance of evaluating the full diversity of diet-related risk pathways, not only blood lipids or obesity; focusing on foods and overall diet patterns, rather than single isolated nutrients; recognizing the complex influences of different foods on long-term weight regulation, rather than simply counting calories; and characterizing and implementing evidence-based strategies, including policy approaches, for lifestyle change. Evidence-informed dietary priorities include increased fruits, nonstarchy vegetables, nuts, legumes, fish, vegetable oils, yogurt, and minimally processed whole grains; and fewer red meats, processed (eg, sodium-preserved) meats, and foods rich in refined grains, starch, added sugars, salt, and trans fat. More investigation is needed on the cardiometabolic effects of phenolics, dairy fat, probiotics, fermentation, coffee, tea, cocoa, eggs, specific vegetable and tropical oils, vitamin D, individual fatty acids, and diet-microbiome interactions. Little evidence to date supports the cardiometabolic relevance of other popular priorities: eg, local, organic, grass-fed, farmed/wild, or non-genetically modified. Evidence-based personalized nutrition appears to depend more on nongenetic characteristics (eg, physical activity, abdominal adiposity, gender, socioeconomic status, culture) than genetic factors. Food choices must be strongly supported by clinical behavior change efforts, health systems reforms, novel technologies, and robust policy strategies targeting economic incentives, schools and workplaces, neighborhood environments, and the food system. Scientific advances provide crucial new insights on optimal targets and best practices to reduce the burdens of diet-related cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Mozaffarian
- From Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA.
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Garcimartín A, Benedí J, Bastida S, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Aqueous extracts and suspensions of restructured pork formulated with Undaria pinnatifida, Himanthalia elongata and Porphyra umbilicalis distinctly affect the in vitro α-glucosidase activity and glucose diffusion. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Associations between intake of fish and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and plasma metabolites related to the kynurenine pathway in patients with coronary artery disease. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:261-272. [PMID: 26482150 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Enhanced tryptophan degradation via the kynurenine pathway has been related to several pathological conditions. However, little is known about the effect of diet on individual metabolites of this pathway. We investigated cross-sectional associations between reported intake of fish and omega-3 (n-3) long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) and plasma metabolites related to the kynurenine pathway. METHODS Participants were 2324 individuals with coronary artery disease from the Western Norway B Vitamin Intervention Trial. Fish and n-3 LC-PUFA intakes were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Plasma concentrations of tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, anthranilic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, xanthurenic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, neopterin, and kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR) were analyzed. Associations were investigated using partial Spearman's rank correlations and multiple linear regressions. RESULTS Median age at inclusion was 62 years (80 % males), and 84 % had stable angina pectoris. Intake of fatty fish and n-3 LC-PUFA was inversely associated with plasma 3-hydroxykynurenine. Consumption of total fish, lean fish, and n-3 LC-PUFA was inversely associated with plasma neopterin. Intake of total fish, fatty fish, and n-3 LC-PUFA was inversely associated with KTR. All these correlations were weak (ρ between -0.12 and -0.06, P < 0.01). In 306 patients with diabetes, lean fish intake was positively associated with plasma 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (ρ = 0.22, P < 0.001, P for interaction = 0.01), and total fish intake was inversely associated with KTR (ρ = -0.17, P < 0.01, P for interaction = 0.02). CONCLUSION Fish intake was not an important determinant of individual metabolites in the kynurenine pathway. However, some correlations were stronger in patients with diabetes. The inverse associations of fish or n-3 LC-PUFA with neopterin and KTR may suggest a slightly lower IFN-γ-mediated immune activation with a higher intake.
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Chen C, Yu X, Shao S. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Glucose Control and Lipid Levels in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139565. [PMID: 26431431 PMCID: PMC4591987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies assessed the impact of marine omega-3 fatty acids on glycemic homeostasis and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but reported controversial results. Our goal was to systematically evaluate the effects of omega-3 on glucose control and lipid levels. Methods Medline, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, the National Research Register, and SIGLE were searched to identify eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Extracted data from RCTs were analyzed using STATA 11.0 statistical software with fixed or random effects model. Effect sizes were presented as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using the Chi-square test with significance level set at p < 0.1. Results 20 RCT trials were included into this meta-analysis. Among patients with omega-3 supplementation, triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly decreased by 0.24 mmol/L. No marked change in total cholesterol (TC), HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, postprandial plasma glucose, BMI or body weight was observed. High ratio of EPA/DHA contributed to a greater decreasing tendency in plasma insulin, HbAc1, TC, TG, and BMI measures, although no statistical significance was identified (except TG). FPG levels were increased by 0.42 mmol/L in Asians. No evidence of publication bias was observed in this meta-analysis. Conclusions The ratio of EPA/DHA and early intervention with omega 3 fatty acids may affect their effects on glucose control and lipid levels, which may serve as a dietary reference for clinicians or nutritionists who manage diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China, 430030
- The center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China, 430030
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China, 430030
| | - Shiying Shao
- Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China, 430030
- * E-mail:
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Cicero AFG, Morbini M, Borghi C. Do we need 'new' omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids formulations? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014; 16:285-8. [PMID: 25474717 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2015.991308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic value of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), mainly (but not only) found in fish oils, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA and DHA, respectively), has been extensively studied in a wide variety of disease conditions, predominantly in cardiovascular disease. However, the significant difference in efficacy observed in various conditions with different dosages seems to be at least partly related to the large discrepancy in quality of the product and to the bioavailability of the omega-3 PUFA. The research of new sources (e.g., from arctic Krill oil) and pharmaceutical forms of omega-3 PUFA (e.g., omega-3 carboxylic acids) is needed in order to detect the one with the best bioavailability and efficacy, and with a parallel reduction in the production costs. There is also the need to understand if long-term PUFA supplementation could increase the efficacy of the already-available evidence-based therapies for cardiovascular disease prevention and for the management of the diseases where the use of PUFA could have a possible improving effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department , Bologna , Italy
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Birjandi AP, Mirnaghi FS, Bojko B, Wąsowicz M, Pawliszyn J. Application of Solid Phase Microextraction for Quantitation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Biological Fluids. Anal Chem 2014; 86:12022-9. [PMID: 25403310 DOI: 10.1021/ac502627w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Afsoon Pajand Birjandi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Mirnaghi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Marcin Wąsowicz
- Department
of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
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Jacobs DR, Ruzzin J, Lee DH. Environmental pollutants: downgrading the fish food stock affects chronic disease risk. J Intern Med 2014; 276:240-2. [PMID: 24447046 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Wang A, Lin Y, Wu Y, Zhang D. Macronutrients intake and risk of Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 15:606-16. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Wang
- Department of Nursing; Qingdao University Medical College; Qingdao China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; Qingdao University Medical College; Qingdao China
| | - Yili Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; Qingdao University Medical College; Qingdao China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; Qingdao University Medical College; Qingdao China
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Patel PS, Cooper AJM, O'Connell TC, Kuhnle GGC, Kneale CK, Mulligan AM, Luben RN, Brage S, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Forouhi NG. Serum carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes as potential biomarkers of dietary intake and their relation with incident type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-Norfolk study. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100:708-18. [PMID: 24990425 PMCID: PMC4095667 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.068577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stable-isotope ratios of carbon (¹³C/¹²C, expressed as δ¹³C) and nitrogen (¹⁵N/¹⁴N, or δ¹⁵N) have been proposed as potential nutritional biomarkers to distinguish between meat, fish, and plant-based foods. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate dietary correlates of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N and examine the association of these biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes in a prospective study. DESIGN Serum δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N (‰) were measured by using isotope ratio mass spectrometry in a case-cohort study (n = 476 diabetes cases; n = 718 subcohort) nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk population-based cohort. We examined dietary (food-frequency questionnaire) correlates of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N in the subcohort. HRs and 95% CIs were estimated by using Prentice-weighted Cox regression. RESULTS Mean (±SD) δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N were -22.8 ± 0.4‰ and 10.2 ± 0.4‰, respectively, and δ¹³C (r = 0.22) and δ¹⁵N (r = 0.20) were positively correlated (P < 0.001) with fish protein intake. Animal protein was not correlated with δ¹³C but was significantly correlated with δ¹⁵N (dairy protein: r = 0.11; meat protein: r = 0.09; terrestrial animal protein: r = 0.12, P ≤ 0.013). δ¹³C was inversely associated with diabetes in adjusted analyses (HR per tertile: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.83; P-trend < 0.001], whereas δ¹⁵N was positively associated (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.38; P-trend = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The isotope ratios δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N may both serve as potential biomarkers of fish protein intake, whereas only δ¹⁵N may reflect broader animal-source protein intake in a European population. The inverse association of δ¹³C but a positive association of δ¹⁵N with incident diabetes should be interpreted in the light of knowledge of dietary intake and may assist in identifying dietary components that are associated with health risks and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinal S Patel
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
| | - Andrew J M Cooper
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
| | - Tamsin C O'Connell
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
| | - Gunter G C Kuhnle
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
| | - Catherine K Kneale
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
| | - Angela M Mulligan
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
| | - Robert N Luben
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
| | - Soren Brage
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- From the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PSP, AJMC, SB, NJW, and NGF); the Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO); the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom (TCO and CKK); the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom (GGCK); and the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (AMM, RNL, K-TK, and GGCK)
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Lipid-lowering Therapies, Glucose Control and Incident Diabetes: Evidence, Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2014; 28:361-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kröger J, Schulze MB. Dietary fish intake and the risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: new insights. Curr Opin Lipidol 2014; 25:228-9. [PMID: 24806892 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Kröger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
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Forouhi NG, Wareham NJ. The EPIC-InterAct Study: A Study of the Interplay between Genetic and Lifestyle Behavioral Factors on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in European Populations. Curr Nutr Rep 2014; 3:355-363. [PMID: 25383255 PMCID: PMC4218968 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-014-0098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes around the world and the global pattern of variation in risk between countries have been widely attributed to an interplay between rising rates of obesity and poor lifestyles, and genetic or developmental susceptibility to disease. Although this general hypothesis has been in existence for more than 50 years, the precise mechanisms that may explain it have remained uncertain. Advances in technology and the application of new methods in large scale population studies have made it possible to study these mechanisms. The InterAct project, funded by the European Commission, is a large case-cohort study which has verified 12,403 incident cases of type 2 diabetes, facilitating the study of genetic and lifestyle factors on the risk of type 2 diabetes among European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nita G. Forouhi
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
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