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Vargas-Vargas MA, González-Montoya M, Torres-Isidro O, García-Berumen CI, Ortiz-Avila O, Calderón-Cortés E, Cortés-Rojo C. Assessing the impact of concurrent high-fructose and high-saturated fat diets on pediatric metabolic syndrome: A review. World J Clin Pediatr 2024; 13:91478. [PMID: 38947987 PMCID: PMC11212767 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.91478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
High-saturated fat (HF) or high-fructose (HFr) consumption in children predispose them to metabolic syndrome (MetS). In rodent models of MetS, diets containing individually HF or HFr lead to a variable degree of MetS. Nevertheless, simultaneous intake of HF plus HFr have synergistic effects, worsening MetS outcomes. In children, the effects of HF or HFr intake usually have been addressed individually. Therefore, we have reviewed the outcomes of HF or HFr diets in children, and we compare them with the effects reported in rodents. In humans, HFr intake causes increased lipogenesis, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity and insulin resistance. On the other hand, HF diets promote low grade-inflammation, obesity, insulin resistance. Despite the deleterious effects of simultaneous HF plus HFr intake on MetS development in rodents, there is little information about the combined effects of HF plus HFr intake in children. The aim of this review is to warn about this issue, as individually addressing the effects produced by HF or HFr may underestimate the severity of the outcomes of Western diet intake in the pediatric population. We consider that this is an alarming issue that needs to be assessed, as the simultaneous intake of HF plus HFr is common on fast food menus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alejandro Vargas-Vargas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Marcela González-Montoya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Olin Torres-Isidro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Claudia Isabel García-Berumen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Omar Ortiz-Avila
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58020, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Calderón-Cortés
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58020, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Christian Cortés-Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
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Skeletal muscle insulin resistance and adipose tissue hypertrophy persist beyond the reshaping of gut microbiota in young rats fed a fructose-rich diet. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 113:109247. [PMID: 36496062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether short term fructose-rich diet induces changes in the gut microbiota as well as in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue physiology and verify whether they persist even after fructose withdrawal, young rats of 30 d of age were fed for 3 weeks a fructose-rich or control diet. At the end of the 3-weeks period, half of the rats from each group were maintained for further 3 weeks on a control diet. Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids levels (faeces and plasma) were investigated. Insulin response was evaluated at the whole-body level and both in skeletal muscle and epididymal adipose tissue, together with skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and lipid composition. In parallel, morphology and physiological status of epididymal adipose tissue was also evaluated. Reshaping of gut microbiota and increased content of short chain fatty acids was elicited by the fructose diet and abolished by switching back to control diet. On the other hand, most metabolic changes elicited by fructose-rich diet in skeletal muscle and epididymal adipose tissue persisted after switching to control diet. Increased dietary fructose intake even on a short-time basis elicits persistent changes in the physiology of metabolically relevant tissues, such as adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, through mechanisms that go well beyond the reshaping of gut microbiota. This picture delineates a harmful situation, in particular for the young populations, posed at risk of metabolic modifications that may persist in their adulthood.
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Gatto C, Di Porzio A, Crescenzo R, Barrella V, Iossa S, Mazzoli A. Age-Dependent Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Response to Short-Term Increased Dietary Fructose. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020299. [PMID: 36829857 PMCID: PMC9951991 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The harmful effect of a long-term high-fructose diet is well established, but the age-dependent physiological responses that can be triggered by a short-term high-fructose diet in skeletal muscles have not been deeply explored. Therefore, the aim of this work was to compare the alterations in mitochondrial energetic and insulin responsiveness in the skeletal muscle induced by a short-term (2 weeks) fructose feeding in rats of different ages. For this purpose, fructose and uric acid levels, insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative status were evaluated in the skeletal muscles from young (30 days old) and adult (90 days old) rats. We showed that, even in the short term, a high-fructose diet has a strong impact on skeletal muscle metabolism, with more marked effects in young rats than in adults ones. In fact, despite both groups showing a decrease in insulin sensitivity, the marked mitochondrial dysfunction was found only in the young rats, thus leading to an increase in the mitochondrial production of ROS, and therefore, in oxidative damage. These findings underscore the need to reduce fructose consumption, especially in young people, to preserve the maintenance of a metabolically healthy status.
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Petito G, Giacco A, Cioffi F, Mazzoli A, Magnacca N, Iossa S, Goglia F, Senese R, Lanni A. Short-term fructose feeding alters tissue metabolic pathways by modulating microRNAs expression both in young and adult rats. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1101844. [PMID: 36875756 PMCID: PMC9977821 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary high fructose (HFrD) is known as a metabolic disruptor contributing to the development of obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Children are more sensitive to sugar than adults due to the distinct metabolic profile, therefore it is especially relevant to study the metabolic alterations induced by HFrD and the mechanisms underlying such changes in animal models of different ages. Emerging research suggests the fundamental role of epigenetic factors such as microRNAs (miRNAs) in metabolic tissue injury. In this perspective, the aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of miR-122-5p, miR-34a-5p, and miR-125b-5p examining the effects induced by fructose overconsumption and to evaluate whether a differential miRNA regulation exists between young and adult animals. We used young rats (30 days) and adult rats (90 days) fed on HFrD for a short period (2 weeks) as animal models. The results indicate that both young and adult rats fed on HFrD exhibit an increase in systemic oxidative stress, the establishment of an inflammatory state, and metabolic perturbations involving the relevant miRNAs and their axes. In the skeletal muscle of adult rats, HFrD impair insulin sensitivity and triglyceride accumulation affecting the miR-122-5p/PTP1B/P-IRS-1(Tyr612) axis. In liver and skeletal muscle, HFrD acts on miR-34a-5p/SIRT-1: AMPK pathway resulting in a decrease of fat oxidation and an increase in fat synthesis. In addition, liver and skeletal muscle of young and adult rats exhibit an imbalance in antioxidant enzyme. Finally, HFrD modulates miR-125b-5p expression levels in liver and white adipose tissue determining modifications in de novo lipogenesis. Therefore, miRNA modulation displays a specific tissue trend indicative of a regulatory network that contributes in targeting genes of various pathways, subsequently yielding extensive effects on cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Petito
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonia Giacco
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Magnacca
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
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Woyames J, Souza AFP, Miranda RA, Oliveira LS, Caetano B, Andrade CBV, Fortunato RS, Atella GC, Trevenzoli IH, Souza LL, Pazos-Moura CC. Maternal high-fat diet aggravates fructose-induced mitochondrial damage in skeletal muscles and causes differentiated adaptive responses on lipid metabolism in adult male offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 104:108976. [PMID: 35245653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) is associated with metabolic disturbances in the offspring. Fructose is a highly consumed lipogenic sugar; however, it is unknown whether skeletal muscle of maternal HFD offspring respond differentially to a fructose overload. Female Wistar rats received standard diet (STD: 9% fat) or isocaloric high-fat diet (HFD: 29% fat) during 8 weeks before mating until weaning. After weaning, male offspring received STD and, from 120 to 150 days-old, they drank water or 15% fructose in water (STD-F and HFD-F). At 150th day, we collected the oxidative soleus and glycolytic extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. Fructose-treated groups exhibited hypertriglyceridemia, regardless of maternal diet. Soleus of maternal HFD offspring showed increased triglycerides and monounsaturated fatty acid content, independent of fructose, with increased fatty acid transporters and lipogenesis markers. The EDL exhibited unaltered triglycerides content, with an apparent equilibrium between lipogenesis and lipid oxidation markers in HFD, and higher lipid uptake (fatty acid-binding protein 4) accompanied by enhanced monounsaturated fatty acid in fructose-treated groups. Mitochondrial complexes proteins and Tfam mRNA were increased in the soleus of HFD, while uncoupling protein 3 was decreased markedly in HFD-F. In EDL, maternal HFD increased ATP synthase, while fructose decreased Tfam predominantly in STD offspring. Maternal HFD and fructose induced mitochondria ultrastructural damage, intensified in HFD-F in both muscles. Thus, alterations in molecular markers of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in response to fructose are modified by an isocaloric and moderate maternal HFD and are fiber-type specific, representing adaptation/maladaptation mechanisms associated with higher skeletal muscle fructose-induced mitochondria injury in adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Woyames
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lorraine Soares Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Caetano
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Georgia Correa Atella
- Laboratory of Lipid and Lipoproteins Biochemistry, Leopoldo de Meis Medical Biochemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isis Hara Trevenzoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luana Lopes Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kunz HE, Hart CR, Gries KJ, Parvizi M, Laurenti M, Dalla Man C, Moore N, Zhang X, Ryan Z, Polley EC, Jensen MD, Vella A, Lanza IR. Adipose tissue macrophage populations and inflammation are associated with systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E105-E121. [PMID: 33998291 PMCID: PMC8321823 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00070.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by numerous systemic and tissue-specific derangements, including systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and mitochondrial abnormalities in skeletal muscle. Despite growing recognition that adipose tissue dysfunction plays a role in obesity-related disorders, the relationship between adipose tissue inflammation and other pathological features of obesity is not well-understood. We assessed macrophage populations and measured the expression of inflammatory cytokines in abdominal adipose tissue biopsies in 39 nondiabetic adults across a range of body mass indexes (BMI 20.5-45.8 kg/m2). Skeletal muscle biopsies were used to evaluate mitochondrial respiratory capacity, ATP production capacity, coupling, and reactive oxygen species production. Insulin sensitivity (SI) and β cell responsivity were determined from test meal postprandial glucose, insulin, c-peptide, and triglyceride kinetics. We examined the relationships between adipose tissue inflammatory markers, systemic inflammatory markers, SI, and skeletal muscle mitochondrial physiology. BMI was associated with increased adipose tissue and systemic inflammation, reduced SI, and reduced skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Adipose-resident macrophage numbers were positively associated with circulating inflammatory markers, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Local adipose tissue inflammation and circulating concentrations of TNFα and CRP were negatively associated with SI, and circulating concentrations of TNFα and CRP were also negatively associated with skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. These results demonstrate that obese humans exhibit increased adipose tissue inflammation concurrently with increased systemic inflammation, reduced insulin sensitivity, and reduced muscle oxidative capacity and suggest that adipose tissue and systemic inflammation may drive obesity-associated metabolic derangements.NEW AND NOTEWORTHY Adipose inflammation is proposed to be at the nexus of the systemic inflammation and metabolic derangements associated with obesity. The present study provides evidence to support adipose inflammation as a central feature of the pathophysiology of obesity. Adipose inflammation is associated with systemic and peripheral metabolic derangements, including increased systemic inflammation, reduced insulin sensitivity, and reduced skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawley E Kunz
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Corey R Hart
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kevin J Gries
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mojtaba Parvizi
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Marcello Laurenti
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Chiara Dalla Man
- Biomedical Engineering and Physiology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Natalie Moore
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Zachary Ryan
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eric C Polley
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael D Jensen
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Adrian Vella
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Mazzoli A, Gatto C, Crescenzo R, Cigliano L, Iossa S. Prolonged Changes in Hepatic Mitochondrial Activity and Insulin Sensitivity by High Fructose Intake in Adolescent Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041370. [PMID: 33921866 PMCID: PMC8073121 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence of damage induced by unhealthy diets during youth has been little addressed. Therefore, we investigated the impact of a short-term fructose-rich diet on liver metabolic activity in adolescent rats and the putative persistence of alterations after removing fructose from the diet. Adolescent rats were fed a fructose-rich diet for three weeks and then switched to a control diet for further three weeks. Body composition and energy balance were not affected by fructose-rich diet, while increased body lipids and lipid gain were found after the rescue period. Switching to a control diet reversed the upregulation of plasma fructose, uric acid, lipocalin, and haptoglobin, while plasma triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, lipopolysaccharide, and tumor necrosis factor alpha remained higher. Hepatic steatosis and ceramide were increased by fructose-rich diet, but reversed by returning to a control diet, while altered hepatic response to insulin persisted. Liver fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activities were upregulated by fructose-rich diet, and SCD activity remained higher after returning to the control diet. Fructose-induced upregulation of complex II-driven mitochondrial respiration, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α also persisted after switching to control diet. In conclusion, our results show prolonged fructose-induced dysregulation of liver metabolic activity.
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Sweet but Bitter: Focus on Fructose Impact on Brain Function in Rodent Models. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010001. [PMID: 33374894 PMCID: PMC7821920 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose consumption has drastically increased during the last decades due to the extensive commercial use of high-fructose corn syrup as a sweetener for beverages, snacks and baked goods. Fructose overconsumption is known to induce obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and inflammation, and its metabolism is considered partially responsible for its role in several metabolic diseases. Indeed, the primary metabolites and by-products of gut and hepatic fructolysis may impair the functions of extrahepatic tissues and organs. However, fructose itself causes an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion that triggers inflammation and oxidative stress. Many studies have dealt with the effects of this sugar on various organs, while the impact of fructose on brain function is, to date, less explored, despite the relevance of this issue. Notably, fructose transporters and fructose metabolizing enzymes are present in brain cells. In addition, it has emerged that fructose consumption, even in the short term, can adversely influence brain health by promoting neuroinflammation, brain mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, as well as insulin resistance. Fructose influence on synaptic plasticity and cognition, with a major impact on critical regions for learning and memory, was also reported. In this review, we discuss emerging data about fructose effects on brain health in rodent models, with special reference to the regulation of food intake, inflammation, mitochondrial function and oxidative stress, insulin signaling and cognitive function.
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Lee G, Han JH, Maeng HJ, Lim S. Three-Month Daily Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Affects the Liver, Adipose Tissue, and Glucose Metabolism. J Obes Metab Syndr 2020; 29:26-38. [PMID: 32045514 PMCID: PMC7118004 DOI: 10.7570/jomes19042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence suggests links between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and metabolic disorders. We investigated the effects of SSBs commonly consumed by adolescents and their relationships to glucose metabolism and fatty liver. Methods We treated 7-week old male C57BL/6 mice with water (control) or one of three different SSBs, carbonated soda (Coca-Cola), sweetened milk coffee (Maxwell), or chocolate-added cocoa (Choco-Latte), for 13 weeks (n=10 in each group). Half of the animals were fed a regular chow diet and the other half a high-fat diet (40% fat). Body composition and biochemical variables were investigated at the end of treatment. Histology of the liver and adipose tissue, as well as molecular signaling related to glucose and lipid metabolism, were also evaluated. Results During the 13-week treatment, mice treated with chocolate-added cocoa or sweetened milk coffee showed significantly greater increases in body weight compared with controls, especially when fed a high-fat diet. Fasting glucose level was higher in the three SSB-treated groups compared with the control group. Lipid droplets in the liver, fat cell size, and number of CD68-positive cells in adipose tissue were greater in the SSB-treated groups than in the control group. SSB treatments increased the expression of genes related to inflammatory processes in the liver and adipose tissue. Phosphorylation of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase in muscle was significantly reduced in SSB-treated groups. Conclusion Daily consumption of SSBs over 3 months lead to metabolic impairment and weight gain and may contribute to development of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghayoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Maeng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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Mazzoli A, Crescenzo R, Cigliano L, Spagnuolo MS, Cancelliere R, Gatto C, Iossa S. Early Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Changes Following Western Diet in Middle Aged Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112670. [PMID: 31694213 PMCID: PMC6893784 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the effect of 4 weeks of high fat-high fructose feeding on whole body composition, energy balance, specific markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, and insulin sensitivity in the liver of middle-aged rats, rats (1 year) were fed a diet rich in saturated fatty acids and fructose (HFF rats), mimicking the “Western diet”, and compared with rats of the same age that were fed a low fat diet (LF rats). HFF rats exhibited a significant increase in the gain of body weight, energy, and lipids compared to LF rats. HFF rats also showed hepatic insulin resistance, together with an increase in plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Hepatic lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol were higher in HFF rats, while a significant decrease in Stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity was found in this tissue. A marked increase in the protein amount of complex I, concomitant to a decrease in its contribution to mitochondrial respiration, was found in HFF rats. Lipid peroxidation and Nitro-Tyrosine content, taken as markers of oxidative stress, as well as NADPH oxidase activity, were significantly higher in HFF rats, while the antioxidant enzyme catalase decreased in these rats. Myeloperoxidase activity and lipocalin content increased, while peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma decreased in HFF rats. The present results provide evidence that middle-aged rats show susceptibility to a short-term “Western diet”, exhibiting altered redox homeostasis, insulin resistance, and early mitochondrial alterations in the liver. Therefore, this type of dietary habits should be drastically limited to pursue a “healthy aging”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Via Cintia,80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (L.C.); (R.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Raffaella Crescenzo
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Via Cintia,80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (L.C.); (R.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Via Cintia,80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (L.C.); (R.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Maria Stefania Spagnuolo
- Department of Bio-Agrofood Science, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council Naples (CNR-ISPAAM), 80147 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rosa Cancelliere
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Via Cintia,80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (L.C.); (R.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Cristina Gatto
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Via Cintia,80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (L.C.); (R.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Via Cintia,80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (L.C.); (R.C.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-2538111
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11
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Cancelliere R, Leone S, Gatto C, Mazzoli A, Ercole C, Iossa S, Liverini G, Picone D, Crescenzo R. Metabolic Effects of the Sweet Protein MNEI as a Sweetener in Drinking Water. A Pilot Study of a High Fat Dietary Regimen in a Rodent Model. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112643. [PMID: 31689911 PMCID: PMC6893535 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweeteners have become integrating components of the typical western diet, in response to the spreading of sugar-related pathologies (diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome) that have stemmed from the adoption of unbalanced dietary habits. Sweet proteins are a relatively unstudied class of sweet compounds that could serve as innovative sweeteners, but their introduction on the food market has been delayed by some factors, among which is the lack of thorough metabolic and toxicological studies. We have tried to shed light on the potential of a sweet protein, MNEI, as a fructose substitute in beverages in a typical western diet, by studying the metabolic consequences of its consumption on a Wistar rat model of high fat diet-induced obesity. In particular, we investigated the lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and other indicators of metabolic syndrome. We also evaluated systemic inflammation and potential colon damage. MNEI consumption rescued the metabolic derangement elicited by the intake of fructose, namely insulin resistance, altered plasma lipid profile, colon inflammation and translocation of lipopolysaccharides from the gut lumen into the circulatory system. We concluded that MNEI could represent a valid alternative to fructose, particularly when concomitant metabolic disorders such as diabetes and/or glucose intolerance are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Cancelliere
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Serena Leone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Cristina Gatto
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Carmine Ercole
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Liverini
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Delia Picone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Crescenzo
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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12
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O'Flaherty B, Neigh GN, Rainnie D. High-fructose diet initiated during adolescence does not affect basolateral amygdala excitability or affective-like behavior in Sprague Dawley rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 365:17-25. [PMID: 30807811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Patients with type-2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome have a significantly increased risk of developing depression. Dysregulated metabolism may contribute to the etiology of depression by affecting neuronal activity in key limbic areas. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) acts as a critical emotional valence detector in the brain's limbic circuit, and shows hyperactivity and abnormal glucose metabolism in depressed patients. Furthermore, administering a periadolescent high-fructose diet (HFrD; a model of metabolic syndrome) to male Wistar rats increases anxiety- and depressive-like behavior. Repeated shock stress in Sprague Dawley rats similarly increases anxiety-like behavior and increases BLA excitability. We therefore investigated whether a metabolic stressor (HFrD) would have similar effects as shock stress on BLA excitability in Sprague Dawley rats. We found that a HFrD did not affect the intrinsic excitability of BLA neurons. Fructose-fed Sprague Dawley rats had elevated body fat mass, but did not show increases in metabolic efficiency and fasting blood glucose relative to control. Finally unlike Wistar rats, fructose-fed Sprague Dawley rats did not show increased anxiety- and depressive-like behavior. These results suggest that genetic differences between rat strains may affect susceptibility to a metabolic insult. Collectively, these data show that a periadolescent HFrD disrupts metabolism, but does not change affective behavior or BLA excitability in Sprague Dawley rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan O'Flaherty
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatric Disorders, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30329, United States
| | - Gretchen N Neigh
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States
| | - Donald Rainnie
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatric Disorders, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30329, United States.
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13
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Chen S, Datta-Chaudhuri A, Deme P, Dickens A, Dastgheyb R, Bhargava P, Bi H, Haughey NJ. Lipidomic characterization of extracellular vesicles in human serum. J Circ Biomark 2019; 8:1849454419879848. [PMID: 31632506 PMCID: PMC6769212 DOI: 10.1177/1849454419879848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a wide variety of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that differ in size and cargo composition. EVs isolated from human plasma or serum carry lipid, protein, and RNA cargo that provides insights to the regulation of normal physiological processes, and to pathological states. Specific populations of EVs have been proposed to contain protein and RNA cargo that are biomarkers for neurologic and systemic diseases. Although there is a considerable amount of evidence that circulating lipids are biomarkers for multiple disease states, it not clear if these lipid biomarkers are enriched in EVs, or if specific populations of EVs are enriched for particular classes of lipid. A highly reproducible workflow for the analysis of lipid content in EVs isolated from human plasma or serum would facilitate this area of research. Here we optimized an MS/MSALL workflow for the untargeted analysis of the lipid content in EVs isolated from human serum. A simple sequential ultracentrifugation protocol isolated three distinct types of serum EVs that were identified based on size, targeted protein, and untargeted lipidomic analyses. EVs in the upper and middle fractions were approximately 140 nm in diameter, while EVs in the pellet were approximately 110 nm in diameter. EVs in the upper most buoyant fractions contained the highest concentration of lipids, were enriched with phospholipids, and immunopositive for the cytoskeletal markers actin, α-actinin, and the mitochondrial protein mitofillin, but negative for the typical EV markers CD63, TSG101, and flotillin. A central fraction of EVs was devoid of cytoskeletal and mitochondrial markers, and positive for CD63, and TSG101, but negative for flotillin. The EV pellet contained no cytoskeletal or mitochondrial markers, but was positive for CD63, TSG101, and flotillin. The EV pellet contained the lowest concentration of most lipids, but was enriched with ceramide. These results provided new insights into the lipid composition of EVs isolated from serum using a simple ultracentrifugation isolation method suitable for lipidomic analysis by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suming Chen
- Department of Neurology, Richard T Johnson Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amrita Datta-Chaudhuri
- Department of Neurology, Richard T Johnson Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pragney Deme
- Department of Neurology, Richard T Johnson Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alex Dickens
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Raha Dastgheyb
- Department of Neurology, Richard T Johnson Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pavan Bhargava
- Department of Neurology, Richard T Johnson Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Honghao Bi
- Department of Neurology, Richard T Johnson Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Richard T Johnson Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Guimarães J, Bargut TCL, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Aguila MB. Medium-chain triglyceride reinforce the hepatic damage caused by fructose intake in mice. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 140:64-71. [PMID: 30553406 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of medium-chain triglyceride oil on the high fructose diet-provoked hepatic abnormalities in mice. We used C57bl/6 mice of 3-months-old divided into four groups for 12 weeks: control (C), control with MCT (C-MCT), fructose (F), and fructose with MCT (F-MCT). We investigated food and water intake, body mass, blood pressure, glucose tolerance, plasma and liver biochemistry, hepatic protein and gene expression. There were no changes in body mass, food intake and glucose tolerance among the groups. The F group presented increased water intake and blood pressure associated with hepatic steatosis and elevated de novo lipogenesis, beta-oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis and inflammation in the liver. Surprisingly, the C-MCT group also showed hepatic steatosis and inflammation in the liver, and the F-MCT group had no exacerbations of fructose-induced abnormalities, showing marked hepatic steatosis, lipogenesis de novo and hepatic inflammation. The MCT oil groups also presented increased beta-oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis. In conclusion, MCT oil showed detrimental hepatic effects and should be used with caution, especially in the presence of hepatic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Guimarães
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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15
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Spagnuolo MS, Bergamo P, Crescenzo R, Iannotta L, Treppiccione L, Iossa S, Cigliano L. Brain Nrf2 pathway, autophagy, and synaptic function proteins are modulated by a short-term fructose feeding in young and adult rats. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:309-320. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1501532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefania Spagnuolo
- Department of Bio-Agrofood Science, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council (CNR-ISPAAM), Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Bergamo
- Department of Bio-Agrofood Science, Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Iannotta
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Treppiccione
- Department of Bio-Agrofood Science, Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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16
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High fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome: Pathophysiological mechanism and treatment by traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:438-450. [PMID: 29471102 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fructose is a natural monosaccharide broadly used in modern society. Over the past few decades, epidemiological studies have demonstrated that high fructose intake is an etiological factor of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This review highlights research advances on fructose-induced MetS, especially the underlying pathophysiological mechanism as well as pharmacotherapy by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), using the PubMed, Web of science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal and Wanfang Data. This review focuses on de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and uric acid (UA) production, two unique features of fructolysis different from glucose glycolysis. High level of DNL and UA production can result in insulin resistance, the key pathological event in developing MetS, mostly through oxidative stress and inflammation. Some other pathologies like the disturbance in brain and gut microbiota in the development of fructose-induced MetS in the past years, are also discussed. In management of MetS, TCM is an excellent representative in alternative and complementary medicine with a complete theory system and substantial herbal remedies. TCMs against MetS or MetS components, including Chinese patent medicines, TCM compound formulas, single TCM herbs and active compounds of TCM herbs, are reviewed on their effects and molecular mechanisms. TCMs with hypouricemic activity, which specially target fructose-induced MetS, are highlighted. And new technologies and strategies (such as high-throughput assay and systems biology) in this field are further discussed. In summary, fructose-induced MetS is a multifactorial disorder with the underlying complex mechanisms. Current clinical and pre-clinical evidence supports the potential of TCMs in management of MetS. Additionally, TCMs may show some advantages against complex MetS as their holistic feature through multiple target actions. However, further work is needed to confirm the effectivity and safety of TCMs by high-standard clinical trials, clarify the molecular mechanisms, and develop new anti-MetS drugs by development and application of optimized and feasible strategies and methods.
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17
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Crescenzo R, Mazzoli A, Di Luccia B, Bianco F, Cancelliere R, Cigliano L, Liverini G, Baccigalupi L, Iossa S. Dietary fructose causes defective insulin signalling and ceramide accumulation in the liver that can be reversed by gut microbiota modulation. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1331657. [PMID: 28659742 PMCID: PMC5475320 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1331657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The link between metabolic derangement of the gut-2013liver-visceral white adipose tissue (v-WAT) axis and gut microbiota was investigated. Methods: Rats were fed a fructose-rich diet and treated with an antibiotic mix. Inflammation was measured in portal plasma, ileum, liver, and v-WAT, while insulin signalling was analysed by measuring levels of phosphorylated kinase Akt. The function and oxidative status of hepatic mitochondria and caecal microbiota composition were also evaluated. Results: Ileal inflammation, increase in plasma transaminases, plasma peroxidised lipids, portal concentrations of tumour necrosis factor alpha, lipopolysaccharide, and non-esterified fatty acids, were induced by fructose and were reversed by antibiotic. The increased hepatic ceramide content, inflammation and decreased insulin signaling in liver and v-WAT induced by fructose was reversed by antibiotic. Antibiotic also blunted the increase in hepatic mitochondrial efficiency and oxidative damage of rats fed fructose-rich diet. Three genera, Coprococcus, Ruminococcus, and Clostridium, significantly increased, while the Clostridiaceae family significantly decreased in rats fed a fructose-rich diet, and antibiotic abolished these variations Conclusions: When gut microbiota modulation by fructose is prevented by antibiotic, inflammatory flow from the gut to the liver and v-WAT are reversed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Blanda Di Luccia
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianco
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Cancelliere
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Liverini
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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18
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Motta VF, Bargut TL, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Treating fructose-induced metabolic changes in mice with high-intensity interval training: insights in the liver, white adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:699-709. [PMID: 28495843 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00154.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructose-rich caloric sweeteners induce adverse changes in the metabolism of humans. The study evaluated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on a fructose feeding model, focusing on the liver, white adipose tissue (WAT), skeletal muscle, and their interplay. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed for 18 wk one of the following diets: control (C; 5% of total energy from fructose) or fructose (F; 55% of total energy from fructose). In the 10th week, for an additional 8-wk period, the groups were divided into nontrained (NT) or HIIT groups, totaling four groups: C-NT, C-HIIT, F-NT, and F-HIIT. At the end of the experiment, fructose consumption in the F-NT group led to a high systolic blood pressure, high plasma triglycerides, insulin resistance with glucose intolerance, and lower insulin sensitivity. We also observed liver steatosis, adipocyte hypertrophy, and diminished gene expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α and fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5; irisin) in this F-NT group. These results were accompanied by decreased gene expressions of nuclear respiratory factor 1 and mitochondrial transcription factor A (markers of mitochondrial biogenesis), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (markers of β-oxidation). HIIT improved all of these data in the C-HIIT and F-HIIT groups. In conclusion, in mice fed a fructose diet, HIIT improved body mass, blood pressure, glucose metabolism, and plasma triglycerides. Liver, WAT, and skeletal muscle were positively modulated by HIIT, indicating HIIT as a coadjutant treatment for diseases affecting these tissues.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in mice fed a fructose-rich diet and the resulting severe negative effect on the liver, white adipose tissue (WAT), and skeletal muscle, which reduced the expression of fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5, irisin) and PGC1α and, consequently, affected markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and β-oxidation. Because HIIT may block these adverse effects in all of these three tissues, it might be suggested that it functions as a coadjutant treatment in combatting the alterations caused by high-fructose intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor F Motta
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thereza L Bargut
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia B Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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19
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Short-Term Fructose Feeding Induces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Hippocampus of Young and Adult Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2869-2883. [PMID: 28455700 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The drastic increase in the consumption of fructose encouraged the research to focus on its effects on brain physio-pathology. Although young and adults differ largely by their metabolic and physiological profiles, most of the previous studies investigated brain disturbances induced by long-term fructose feeding in adults. Therefore, we investigated whether a short-term consumption of fructose (2 weeks) produces early increase in specific markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in the hippocampus of young and adult rats. After the high-fructose diet, plasma lipopolysaccharide and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were found significantly increased in parallel with hippocampus inflammation, evidenced by a significant rise in TNF-alpha and glial fibrillar acidic protein concentrations in both the young and adult groups. The fructose-induced inflammatory condition was associated with brain oxidative stress, as increased levels of lipid peroxidation and nitro-tyrosine were detected in the hippocampus. The degree of activation of the protein kinase B, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and insulin receptor substrate 1 pathways found in the hippocampus after fructose feeding indicates that the detrimental effects of the fructose-rich diet might largely depend on age. Mitochondrial function in the hippocampus, together with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha content, was found significantly decreased in fructose-treated adult rats. In vitro studies with BV-2 microglial cells confirmed that fructose treatment induces TNF-alpha production as well as oxidative stress. In conclusion, these results suggest that unbalanced diet, rich in fructose, may be highly deleterious in young people as in adults and must be strongly discouraged for the prevention of diet-associated neuroinflammation and neurological diseases.
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20
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Nigro D, Menotti F, Cento AS, Serpe L, Chiazza F, Dal Bello F, Romaniello F, Medana C, Collino M, Aragno M, Mastrocola R. Chronic administration of saturated fats and fructose differently affect SREBP activity resulting in different modulation of Nrf2 and Nlrp3 inflammasome pathways in mice liver. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 42:160-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Di Meo S, Iossa S, Venditti P. Skeletal muscle insulin resistance: role of mitochondria and other ROS sources. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:R15-R42. [PMID: 28232636 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
At present, obesity is one of the most important public health problems in the world because it causes several diseases and reduces life expectancy. Although it is well known that insulin resistance plays a pivotal role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (the more frequent disease in obese people) the link between obesity and insulin resistance is yet a matter of debate. One of the most deleterious effects of obesity is the deposition of lipids in non-adipose tissues when the capacity of adipose tissue is overwhelmed. During the last decade, reduced mitochondrial function has been considered as an important contributor to 'toxic' lipid metabolite accumulation and consequent insulin resistance. More recent reports suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is not an early event in the development of insulin resistance, but rather a complication of the hyperlipidemia-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in skeletal muscle, which might promote mitochondrial alterations, lipid accumulation and inhibition of insulin action. Here, we review the literature dealing with the mitochondria-centered mechanisms proposed to explain the onset of obesity-linked IR in skeletal muscle. We conclude that the different pathways leading to insulin resistance may act synergistically because ROS production by mitochondria and other sources can result in mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn can further increase ROS production leading to the establishment of a harmful positive feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Di Meo
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Venditti
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
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22
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Zhang DM, Jiao RQ, Kong LD. High Dietary Fructose: Direct or Indirect Dangerous Factors Disturbing Tissue and Organ Functions. Nutrients 2017; 9:E335. [PMID: 28353649 PMCID: PMC5409674 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High dietary fructose is a major contributor to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, disturbing tissue and organ functions. Fructose is mainly absorbed into systemic circulation by glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and GLUT5, and metabolized in liver to produce glucose, lactate, triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), uric acid (UA) and methylglyoxal (MG). Its extrahepatic absorption and metabolism also take place. High levels of these metabolites are the direct dangerous factors. During fructose metabolism, ATP depletion occurs and induces oxidative stress and inflammatory response, disturbing functions of local tissues and organs to overproduce inflammatory cytokine, adiponectin, leptin and endotoxin, which act as indirect dangerous factors. Fructose and its metabolites directly and/or indirectly cause oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, autophagy and increased intestinal permeability, and then further aggravate the metabolic syndrome with tissue and organ dysfunctions. Therefore, this review addresses fructose-induced metabolic syndrome, and the disturbance effects of direct and/or indirect dangerous factors on the functions of liver, adipose, pancreas islet, skeletal muscle, kidney, heart, brain and small intestine. It is important to find the potential correlations between direct and/or indirect risk factors and healthy problems under excess dietary fructose consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Rui-Qing Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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23
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Cioffi F, Senese R, Lasala P, Ziello A, Mazzoli A, Crescenzo R, Liverini G, Lanni A, Goglia F, Iossa S. Fructose-Rich Diet Affects Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Repair in Rats. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040323. [PMID: 28338610 PMCID: PMC5409662 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that many forms of fructose-induced metabolic disturbance are associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are prominent targets of oxidative damage; however, it is not clear whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and/or its lack of repair are events involved in metabolic disease resulting from a fructose-rich diet. In the present study, we evaluated the degree of oxidative damage to liver mtDNA and its repair, in addition to the state of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in the liver of rats fed a high-fructose diet. We used male rats feeding on a high-fructose or control diet for eight weeks. Our results showed an increase in mtDNA damage in the liver of rats fed a high-fructose diet and this damage, as evaluated by the expression of DNA polymerase γ, was not repaired; in addition, the mtDNA copy number was found to be significantly reduced. A reduction in the mtDNA copy number is indicative of impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, as is the finding of a reduction in the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. In conclusion, a fructose-rich diet leads to mitochondrial and mtDNA damage, which consequently may have a role in liver dysfunction and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cioffi
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples II, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Lasala
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Angela Ziello
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples II, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Crescenzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Liverini
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples II, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Napoli, Italy.
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24
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Wu L, Guo X, Hartson SD, Davis MA, He H, Medeiros DM, Wang W, Clarke SL, Lucas EA, Smith BJ, von Lintig J, Lin D. Lack of β, β-carotene-9', 10'-oxygenase 2 leads to hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular oxidative stress in mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27991717 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE β,β-Carotene-9',10'-dioxygenase 2 (BCO2) is a carotenoid cleavage enzyme localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane in mammals. This study was aimed to assess the impact of genetic ablation of BCO2 on hepatic oxidative stress through mitochondrial function in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Liver samples from 6-wk-old male BCO2-/- knockout (KO) and isogenic wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to proteomics and functional activity assays. Compared to the WT, KO mice consumed more food (by 18%) yet displayed significantly lower body weight (by 12%). Mitochondrial proteomic results demonstrated that loss of BCO2 was associated with quantitative changes of the mitochondrial proteome mainly shown by suppressed expression of enzymes and/or proteins involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. The mitochondrial basal respiratory rate, proton leak, and electron transport chain complex II capacity were significantly elevated in the livers of KO compared to WT mice. Moreover, elevated reactive oxygen species and increased mitochondrial protein carbonylation were also demonstrated in liver of KO mice. CONCLUSIONS Loss of BCO2 induces mitochondrial hyperactivation, mitochondrial stress, and changes of the mitochondrial proteome, leading to mitochondrial energy insufficiency. BCO2 appears to be critical for proper hepatic mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Steven D Hartson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Mary Abby Davis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Hui He
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Denis M Medeiros
- Graduate School, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Stephen L Clarke
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Edralin A Lucas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dingbo Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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25
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A possible link between hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and diet-induced insulin resistance. Eur J Nutr 2016; 55:1-6. [PMID: 26476631 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are the main cellular sites devoted to ATP production and lipid oxidation. Therefore, the mitochondrial dysfunction could be an important determinant of cellular fate of circulating lipids, that accumulate in the cytoplasm, if they are not oxidized. The ectopic fat accumulation is associated with the development of insulin resistance, and a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance has been proposed. METHODS Recent data on the possible link existing between mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver and diet induced obesity will be summarized, focusing on the three factors that affect the mitochondrial oxidation of metabolic fuels, i.e. organelle number, organelle activity, and energetic efficiency of the mitochondrial machinery in synthesizing ATP. Search in PubMed relevant articles from 2003 to 2014 was conducted, by using query “liver mitochondria and obesity” “hepatic mitochondria and obesity” “liver mitochondria and high fat diet” and “hepatic mitochondria and high fat diet” and including related articles by the same groups. RESULTS Several works, by using different physiological approaches, have dealt with alteration in mitochondrial function in obesity and diabetes. Most results show that hepatic mitochondrial function is impaired in models of obesity and insulin resistance induced by high-fat or highfructose feeding. CONCLUSIONS Since mitochondria are the main producers of both cellular energy and free radicals, dysfunctional mitochondria could play an important role in the development of insulin resistance and ectopic fat storage in the liver, thus supporting the emerging idea that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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26
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de Carvalho AK, da Silva S, Serafini E, de Souza DR, Farias HR, de Bem Silveira G, Silveira PCL, de Souza CT, Portela LV, Muller AP. Prior Exercise Training Prevent Hyperglycemia in STZ Mice by Increasing Hepatic Glycogen and Mitochondrial Function on Skeletal Muscle. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:678-685. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Afonso Kopczynski de Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica; ICBS; UFRGS; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica; Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 anexo Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul CEP 90035-003 Brazil
| | - Sabrina da Silva
- Unidade de Ciências da Saúde; Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia do Exercício Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense-UNESC; Av. Universitária, 1105-Bairro Universitário Criciúma Santa Catarina CEP 88806-000 Brazil
| | - Edenir Serafini
- Unidade de Ciências da Saúde; Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia do Exercício Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense-UNESC; Av. Universitária, 1105-Bairro Universitário Criciúma Santa Catarina CEP 88806-000 Brazil
| | - Daniela Roxo de Souza
- Unidade de Ciências da Saúde; Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia do Exercício Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense-UNESC; Av. Universitária, 1105-Bairro Universitário Criciúma Santa Catarina CEP 88806-000 Brazil
| | - Hemelin Resende Farias
- Unidade de Ciências da Saúde; Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia do Exercício Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense-UNESC; Av. Universitária, 1105-Bairro Universitário Criciúma Santa Catarina CEP 88806-000 Brazil
| | - Gustavo de Bem Silveira
- Unidade de Ciências da Saúde; Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia do Exercício Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense-UNESC; Av. Universitária, 1105-Bairro Universitário Criciúma Santa Catarina CEP 88806-000 Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira
- Unidade de Ciências da Saúde; Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia do Exercício Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense-UNESC; Av. Universitária, 1105-Bairro Universitário Criciúma Santa Catarina CEP 88806-000 Brazil
| | - Claudio Teodoro de Souza
- Unidade de Ciências da Saúde; Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia do Exercício Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense-UNESC; Av. Universitária, 1105-Bairro Universitário Criciúma Santa Catarina CEP 88806-000 Brazil
| | - Luis Valmor Portela
- Departamento de Bioquímica; ICBS; UFRGS; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica; Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 anexo Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul CEP 90035-003 Brazil
| | - Alexandre Pastoris Muller
- Unidade de Ciências da Saúde; Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia do Exercício Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense-UNESC; Av. Universitária, 1105-Bairro Universitário Criciúma Santa Catarina CEP 88806-000 Brazil
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27
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Seyssel K, Meugnier E, Lê KA, Durand C, Disse E, Blond E, Pays L, Nataf S, Brozek J, Vidal H, Tappy L, Laville M. Fructose overfeeding in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients impacts energy metabolism and mitochondrial functions in skeletal muscle. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2691-2699. [PMID: 27468128 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of the study was to assess the effects of a high-fructose diet (HFrD) on skeletal muscle transcriptomic response in healthy offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes, a subgroup of individuals prone to metabolic disorders. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten healthy normal weight first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients were submitted to a HFrD (+3.5 g fructose/kg fat-free mass per day) during 7 days. A global transcriptomic analysis was performed on skeletal muscle biopsies combined with in vitro experiments using primary myotubes. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted profound effects on fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial pathways supporting the whole-body metabolic shift with the preferential use of carbohydrates instead of lipids. Bioinformatics tools pointed out possible transcription factors orchestrating this genomic regulation, such as PPARα and NR4A2. In vitro experiments in human myotubes suggested an indirect action of fructose in skeletal muscle, which seemed to be independent from lactate, uric acid, or nitric oxide. CONCLUSION This study shows therefore that a large cluster of genes related to energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, and lipid oxidation was downregulated after 7 days of HFrD, thus supporting the concept that overconsumption of fructose-containing foods could contribute to metabolic deterioration in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Seyssel
- Lyon University, Oullins, France.,CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France.,CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- Lyon University, Oullins, France.,CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Kim-Anne Lê
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Durand
- Lyon University, Oullins, France.,CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Emmanuel Disse
- Lyon University, Oullins, France.,CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France.,CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Emilie Blond
- Lyon University, Oullins, France.,CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France.,CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Laurent Pays
- Lyon University, Oullins, France.,CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France.,Banque de Cellules et de Tissus, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Serge Nataf
- Lyon University, Oullins, France.,CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France.,Banque de Cellules et de Tissus, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Hubert Vidal
- Lyon University, Oullins, France.,CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France.,CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martine Laville
- Lyon University, Oullins, France.,CarMeN Laboratory and CENS, Claude Bernard University, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France.,CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
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28
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Sil R, Chakraborti AS. Oxidative Inactivation of Liver Mitochondria in High Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats: Effect of Glycyrrhizin Treatment. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1503-12. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Sil
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics; University College of Science, University of Calcutta; 92 Acharyya Prafulla Chandra Road Kolkata 700009, West Bengal India
| | - Abhay Sankar Chakraborti
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics; University College of Science, University of Calcutta; 92 Acharyya Prafulla Chandra Road Kolkata 700009, West Bengal India
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29
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Mastrocola R, Nigro D, Chiazza F, Medana C, Dal Bello F, Boccuzzi G, Collino M, Aragno M. Fructose-derived advanced glycation end-products drive lipogenesis and skeletal muscle reprogramming via SREBP-1c dysregulation in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 91:224-35. [PMID: 26721591 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) have been recently related to the onset of metabolic diseases and related complications. Moreover, recent findings indicate that AGEs can endogenously be formed by high dietary sugars, in particular by fructose which is widely used as added sweetener in foods and drinks. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of a high-fructose diet and the causal role of fructose-derived AGEs in mice skeletal muscle morphology and metabolism. C57Bl/6J mice were fed a standard diet (SD) or a 60% fructose diet (HFRT) for 12 weeks. Two subgroups of SD and HFRT mice received the anti-glycative compound pyridoxamine (150 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water. At the end of protocol high levels of AGEs were detected in both plasma and gastrocnemius muscle of HFRT mice associated to impaired expression of AGE-detoxifying AGE-receptor 1. In gastrocnemius, AGEs upregulated the lipogenesis by multiple interference on SREBP-1c through downregulation of the SREBP-inhibiting enzyme SIRT-1 and increased glycation of the SREBP-activating protein SCAP. The AGEs-induced SREBP-1c activation affected the expression of myogenic regulatory factors leading to alterations in fiber type composition, associated with reduced mitochondrial efficiency and muscular strength. Interestingly, pyridoxamine inhibited AGEs generation, thus counteracting all the fructose-induced alterations. The unsuspected involvement of diet-derived AGEs in muscle metabolic derangements and proteins reprogramming opens new perspectives in pathogenic mechanisms of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mastrocola
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy.
| | - D Nigro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - F Chiazza
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - C Medana
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - F Dal Bello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - G Boccuzzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - M Collino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - M Aragno
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
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30
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Di Luccia B, Crescenzo R, Mazzoli A, Cigliano L, Venditti P, Walser JC, Widmer A, Baccigalupi L, Ricca E, Iossa S. Rescue of Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome by Antibiotics or Faecal Transplantation in a Rat Model of Obesity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134893. [PMID: 26244577 PMCID: PMC4526532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A fructose-rich diet can induce metabolic syndrome, a combination of health disorders that increases the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Diet is also known to alter the microbial composition of the gut, although it is not clear whether such alteration contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this work was to assess the possible link between the gut microbiota and the development of diet-induced metabolic syndrome in a rat model of obesity. Rats were fed either a standard or high-fructose diet. Groups of fructose-fed rats were treated with either antibiotics or faecal samples from control rats by oral gavage. Body composition, plasma metabolic parameters and markers of tissue oxidative stress were measured in all groups. A 16S DNA-sequencing approach was used to evaluate the bacterial composition of the gut of animals under different diets. The fructose-rich diet induced markers of metabolic syndrome, inflammation and oxidative stress, that were all significantly reduced when the animals were treated with antibiotic or faecal samples. The number of members of two bacterial genera, Coprococcus and Ruminococcus, was increased by the fructose-rich diet and reduced by both antibiotic and faecal treatments, pointing to a correlation between their abundance and the development of the metabolic syndrome. Our data indicate that in rats fed a fructose-rich diet the development of metabolic syndrome is directly correlated with variations of the gut content of specific bacterial taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanda Di Luccia
- Department of Biology, University “Federico II” of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University “Federico II” of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University “Federico II” of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Venditti
- Department of Biology, University “Federico II” of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alex Widmer
- Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ezio Ricca
- Department of Biology, University “Federico II” of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, University “Federico II” of Naples, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
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31
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Crescenzo R, Bianco F, Mazzoli A, Giacco A, Liverini G, Iossa S. Mitochondrial efficiency and insulin resistance. Front Physiol 2015; 5:512. [PMID: 25601841 PMCID: PMC4283517 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance, “a relative impairment in the ability of insulin to exert its effects on glucose, protein and lipid metabolism in target tissues,” has many detrimental effects on metabolism and is strongly correlated to deposition of lipids in non-adipose tissues. Mitochondria are the main cellular sites devoted to ATP production and fatty acid oxidation. Therefore, a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in the onset of skeletal muscle insulin resistance has been proposed and many studies have dealt with possible alteration in mitochondrial function in obesity and diabetes, both in humans and animal models. Data reporting evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in type two diabetes mellitus are numerous, even though the issue that this reduced mitochondrial function is causal in the development of the disease is not yet solved, also because a variety of parameters have been used in the studies carried out on this subject. By assessing the alterations in mitochondrial efficiency as well as the impact of this parameter on metabolic homeostasis of skeletal muscle cells, we have obtained results that allow us to suggest that an increase in mitochondrial efficiency precedes and therefore can contribute to the development of high-fat-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Bianco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II" Napoli, Italy
| | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II" Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonia Giacco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II" Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Liverini
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II" Napoli, Italy
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II" Napoli, Italy
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32
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Crescenzo R, Bianco F, Coppola P, Mazzoli A, Tussellino M, Carotenuto R, Liverini G, Iossa S. Fructose supplementation worsens the deleterious effects of short-term high-fat feeding on hepatic steatosis and lipid metabolism in adult rats. Exp Physiol 2014; 99:1203-13. [PMID: 24972835 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.079632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the short-term effect of high-fat or high-fat-high-fructose feeding on hepatic lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in adult sedentary rats. Adult male rats were fed a high-fat or high-fat-high-fructose diet for 2 weeks. Body and liver composition, hepatic steatosis, plasma lipid profile and hepatic insulin sensitivity, together with whole-body and hepatic de novo lipogenesis, were assessed. Hepatic mitochondrial mass, functionality, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense were also measured. Rats fed the high-fat-high-fructose diet exhibited significantly higher plasma triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, insulin and indexes of hepatic insulin resistance compared with rats fed a low-fat or a high-fat diet. Hepatic triglycerides and ceramide, as well as the degree of steatosis and necrosis, were significantly higher, while liver p-Akt was significantly lower, in rats fed high-fat-high-fructose diet than in rats fed high-fat diet. A significant increase in non-protein respiratory quotient and hepatic fatty acid synthase and stearoyl CoA desaturase activity was found in rats fed the high-fat-high-fructose diet compared with those fed the high-fat diet. Significantly lower mitochondrial oxidative capacity but significantly higher oxidative stress was found in rats fed high-fat and high-fat-high-fructose diets compared with rats fed low-fat diet, while mitochondrial mass significantly increased only in rats fed high-fat-high-fructose diet. In conclusion, short-term consumption of a Western diet, rich in saturated fats and fructose, is more conducive to the development of liver steatosis and deleterious to glucose homeostasis than a high-fat diet.
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33
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Crescenzo R, Bianco F, Coppola P, Mazzoli A, Cigliano L, Liverini G, Iossa S. The effect of high-fat–high-fructose diet on skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics in adult rats. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:183-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Regnault TRH, Gentili S, Sarr O, Toop CR, Sloboda DM. Fructose, pregnancy and later life impacts. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 40:824-37. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy RH Regnault
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Children's Health Research Institute; Western University; London ON Canada
| | - Sheridan Gentili
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences; Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Ousseynou Sarr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Children's Health Research Institute; Western University; London ON Canada
| | - Carla R Toop
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences; Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
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