1
|
Wizgier D, Meng Y, Das A, Naganathan V, Blyth F, Le Couteur DG, Handelsman DJ, Waite LM, Ribeiro RV, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Hirani V. The association of dietary antioxidants and the inflammatory potential of the diet with poor physical function and disability in older Australian men: the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1528-1539. [PMID: 38220224 PMCID: PMC11043910 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the association of antioxidant intake and the inflammatory potential of the diet with functional decline in older men. A diet history questionnaire was used to collect dietary intake data from men aged ≥ 75 years (n 794) participating in the Concord Health and Aging in Men Project cohort study. Intake of vitamins A, C, E and Zn were compared with the Australian Nutrient Reference Values to determine adequacy. The Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DIITM) was used to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet. Physical performance data were collected via handgrip strength and walking speed tests, and activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) questionnaires, at baseline and 3-year follow-up (n 616). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify associations between diet and incident poor physical function and disability. Both poor antioxidant intake and high E-DII scores at baseline were significantly associated with poor grip strength and ADL disability at 3-year follow-up. No significant associations with walking speed or IADL disability were observed. Individual micronutrient analysis revealed a significant association between the lowest two quartiles of vitamin C intake and poor grip strength. The lowest quartiles of intake for vitamins A, C, E and Zn were significantly associated with incident ADL disability. The study observed that poor antioxidant and anti-inflammatory food intake were associated with odds of developing disability and declining muscle strength in older men. Further interventional research is necessary to clarify the causality of these associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Wizgier
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney School of Nursing, FMH, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Ying Meng
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney School of Nursing, FMH, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Arpita Das
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney School of Nursing, FMH, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Vasi Naganathan
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Concord Repatriation Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
- Concord Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Fiona Blyth
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - David G. Le Couteur
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Concord Repatriation Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David J. Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise M. Waite
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Concord Repatriation Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
| | - Rosilene V. Ribeiro
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Concord Repatriation Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Science (SoLES), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC29208, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC29208, USA
| | - James R. Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC29208, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC29208, USA
| | - Vasant Hirani
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney School of Nursing, FMH, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Concord Repatriation Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dai Z, Hirani V, Sahni S, Felson DT, Naganathan V, Blyth F, Couteur DL, Handelsman D, Seibel MJ, Waite L, Kiel DP, Cumming R. Association of dietary fiber and risk of hip fracture in men from the Framingham Osteoporosis Study and the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. Nutr Health 2022; 28:229-238. [PMID: 33940973 PMCID: PMC10622166 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211011798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data in the Offspring Framingham Osteoporosis Study (FOS) suggested that higher intake of dietary fiber was modestly protective against loss of bone mineral density at the femoral neck in men but not in women. AIM To examine the relationship of fiber intake with risk of hip fractures in men. METHODS We included 367 men from the FOS Original cohort, 1730 men from the FOS Offspring cohort, and 782 men from the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP) in the analysis. Incident fractures were defined as medically confirmed first occurrence of osteoporotic fractures at the proximal femur. Fiber intake was estimated via a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) or diet history. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled relative risk in meta-analysis. RESULTS Seventy-two incident hip fractures were identified, of which 24 occurred in the FOS Original cohort [mean (SD): age 75.3 (5.1) years; follow-up time: 8.5 (6.2) years; dietary fiber: 19 (8) (g/d)], 19 in the FOS Offspring cohort [58.8 (9.8) years; 11.0 (5.9) years; 19 (8) (g/d)], and 29 in CHAMP [81.4 (4.5) years; 5.2 (1.5) years; 28 (10) (g/d)]. We did not find significant associations within each cohort between fiber intake and risk of hip fractures. The pooled HR (95% CI) was 0.80 (0.39, 1.66) comparing energy-adjusted dietary fiber at tertile 3 vs. tertile 1 (I2 = 0, p = 0.56). CONCLUSION These data suggested that dietary fiber was not associated with risk of incident hip fractures in men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoli Dai
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, D17, The Hub, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, USA
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Vasant Hirani
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging, Concord Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Aging Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shivani Sahni
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David T. Felson
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, USA
- Central Manchester Foundation Trust and University of Manchester, Manchester UK
| | - Vasi Naganathan
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging, Concord Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona Blyth
- Aging and Alzheimer’s Institute, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Le Couteur
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging, Concord Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Aging Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Handelsman
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging, Concord Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Aging Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Aging and Alzheimer’s Institute, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Markus J Seibel
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louise Waite
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Cumming
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging, Concord Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jia M, Zhen L, Xiao Y. Changing Food Consumption and Nutrition Intake in Kazakhstan. Nutrients 2022; 14:326. [PMID: 35057506 PMCID: PMC8778289 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Food resource is an important bond that connects human beings and nature. In this study, we investigated the changes in food consumption and nutrition intake in Kazakhstan from a spatial and temporal perspective, from 2001 to 2018. The data were obtained from the Bureau of Statistics, international organizations and our social interview work. After the start of the 21st century, it was found that per capita food consumption significantly increased; however, the consumption of crop, vegetables and milk decreased. Per capita meat consumption was similar in both urban and rural areas. However, some food consumption showed differences between urban and rural areas. Changes of food consumption quantity and structure also had some effects on nutrient intake and the proportion of nutrients. Per capita energy intake in the national, urban and rural areas all increased remarkably. The energy intake changes in eastern states increased much more than that in western states. Protein intake in rural and urban areas was similar; however, the gap between carbohydrates and fat intake in urban and rural areas increased. The intake of protein, carbohydrates and fat in different states showed the same trend. Food consumption and nutrition intake are affected by economic, social and ecological factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Jia
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A11 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; (M.J.); (Y.X.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, No. 19, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Zhen
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A11 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; (M.J.); (Y.X.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, No. 19, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A11 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; (M.J.); (Y.X.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, No. 19, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Milledge K, Cumming RG, Wright FA, Naganathan V, Blyth FM, Le Couteur DG, Waite LM, Handelsman DJ, Hirani V. Associations between the composition of functional tooth units and nutrient intake in older men: the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:6335-6345. [PMID: 34412721 PMCID: PMC11148599 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021003566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inadequate nutrient intakes have been linked with poor dentition in older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between the composition of functional tooth units (FTU) and nutrient intakes in older men. DESIGN A cross-sectional study with a standardised validated diet history assessment and comprehensive oral health assessments. FTU were categorised by dentition type: (i) Group A (Natural FTU Only), (ii) Group B (Natural and Replaced FTU) and (iii) Group C (No Natural FTU). Attainment of nutrient reference values (NRV) for sixteen micronutrients was incorporated into a micronutrient risk variable, dichotomised 'good' (≥ 12) or 'poor' (≤ 11), and for seven macronutrients into a macronutrient risk variable, dichotomised 'good' (≥ 5) or 'poor' (≤ 4). SETTING Subjects selected from the local Sydney geographical areas. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling older men (n 608). RESULTS 32 % (n 197) of participants were categorised as Group A, 27 % (n 167) as Group B and 40 % (n 244) as Group C. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, being in Group C, compared with Group A, was associated with intakes below NRV recommendations for fibre (OR: 2·30, 95 % CI 1·30, 4·05). Adjusted analysis also showed that men in Group C, compared with Group A, were more likely to have poor intake of macronutrients (OR: 2·00, 95 % CI 1·01, 3·94). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows statistically significant associations between the composition of FTU and poor macronutrient intakes. Maintaining natural pairs of occluding FTU may be important for attaining adequate nutrient intakes in older men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Milledge
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert G Cumming
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frederick Ac Wright
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
| | - Vasi Naganathan
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
- Concord Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona M Blyth
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise M Waite
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
| | | | - Vasant Hirani
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Das A, Cumming R, Naganathan V, Blyth F, Couteur DGL, Handelsman DJ, Waite LM, Ribeiro RVR, Simpson SJ, Hirani V. Associations between dietary intake of total protein and sources of protein (plant vs. animal) and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in older Australian men: The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 35:845-860. [PMID: 34806230 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between dietary protein intake and the risk of mortality is still controversial. The present study aimed to examine the associations between dietary total, animal and plant protein intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. METHODS Community-dwelling men aged ≥ 70 years were recruited from local government areas surrounding Concord Hospital in Sydney, New South Wales for the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP). The research dietitian administered a standardised validated diet history questionnaire to capture baseline dietary intake. In total, 794 men participated in a detailed diet history interview at the third wave. Adequacy of protein intake was assessed by comparing participant intake with the Nutrient Reference Values. Total protein intake was categorised into quintiles. Sources of protein were also captured. Mortality was ascertained through the New South Wales death registry. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between dietary total, animal and plant protein intake and risk of mortality. RESULTS The mean age of the CHAMP men was 81 years. In total, 162 men died during a median follow-up of 3.7 years. Of these, 54 (33.3%) and 49 (30.2%) men died due to cancer and cardiovascular disease, respectively. There were U-shaped associations between protein intake and all-cause and cancer mortality. In multiple adjusted analysis, the second (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.18-0.82) and third (HR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.16-0.82) quintiles of protein intakes were significantly associated with reduced risk of all-cause and only second quintile (HR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.10-0.93) of protein intake was significantly associated with cancer mortality. Each serve increase in animal protein was significantly associated with 12% (HR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.00-1.26) and 23% (HR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.02-1.49) increased risk of all-cause mortality and cancer mortality respectively. Conversely, each serve increase in plant protein intake was significantly associated with 25% (HR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.61-0.92) and 28% (HR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.53-0.97) reduced risk of all-cause and cancer mortality, respectively. No such associations were observed for cardiovascular disease mortality. CONCLUSIONS Both second and third quintiles of total protein intake were associated with reduced all-cause and cancer mortality. Plant protein was inversely associated with all-cause and cancer mortality, whereas animal protein intake was positively associated with mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Das
- School of Life and Environmental Science Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR), University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Cumming
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR), University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia.,School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vasikaran Naganathan
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Blyth
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise M Waite
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosilene V R Ribeiro
- School of Life and Environmental Science Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- School of Life and Environmental Science Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vasant Hirani
- School of Life and Environmental Science Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Adherence to Mediterranean diet and its associations with circulating cytokines, musculoskeletal health and incident falls in community-dwelling older men: The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5753-5763. [PMID: 34763260 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mediterranean dietary patterns may exert favourable effects on various health conditions. This study aimed to determine associations of adherence to Mediterranean diet as well as its components, with circulating cytokine levels, musculoskeletal health and incident falls in community-dwelling older men. METHODS Seven hundred ninety-four (794) community-dwelling men with mean age 81.1 ± 4.5 years, who participated in the five-year follow-up of the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP) were included in the cross-sectional analysis, and 616 attended follow-up three years later. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was assessed using MEDI-LITE (literature-derived Mediterranean diet) score which was obtained using a validated diet history questionnaire. Twenty-four evaluable circulating cytokines were analyzed using Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-plex Assay kit. Appendicular lean mass (ALM) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Three-year changes in gait speed and hand grip strength were assessed by walking a 6-m course and using a dynamometer respectively and analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Incident falls over three years were determined through telephone interviews every four months. Multivariable linear regression was utilized to determine the cross-sectional associations between MEDI-LITE scores and circulating cytokines, bone mineral density, ALM, and ALMBMI. Linear mixed-effects models were performed to estimate associations between MEDI-LITE scores and three-year change in hand grip strength and gait speed while negative binomial regression was applied to estimate associations between MEDI-LITE scores and three-year incident falls as well as associations between each MEDI-LITE component and three-year incident falls. Adjustments for multiple comparisons were performed using Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment for multiple testing. RESULTS A higher MEDI-LITE score, indicating greater adherence to Mediterranean diet, was associated with higher appendicular lean mass adjusted for body mass index (ALMBMI) (β: 0.004 kg; 95% CI: 0.000, 0.008), and lower incident falls rates (IRR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.99). Higher consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids (IRR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.98) and monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids ratio (IRR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.90) were associated with 24%, and 28% lower falls risk in older men respectively. MEDI-LITE scores were not associated with BMD or physical function parameters. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with higher ALMBMI, and fewer falls in community-dwelling older men. Monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids were the most important contributors to the association between Mediterranean diet and falls risk.
Collapse
|
7
|
Petridou A, Rodopaios NE, Mougios V, Koulouri AA, Vasara E, Papadopoulou SK, Skepastianos P, Hassapidou M, Kafatos A. Effects of Periodic Religious Fasting for Decades on Nutrient Intakes and the Blood Biochemical Profile. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113963. [PMID: 34836217 PMCID: PMC8619925 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine differences and correlations in nutrient intakes and serum parameters related to nutrient intake (lipid profile, vitamins, and trace elements) in 200 lifelong Christian Orthodox Church (COC) fasters with periodic abstinence from certain foods (predominantly of animal origin) for approximately half of the year and 200 non-fasting controls, all of whom did not take dietary supplements. Nutrient intakes were assessed through three-day dietary recalls. Blood samples were drawn for the analysis of potential biomarkers of nutrient intake. Fasters had lower energy intake, due to lower fat and protein intake, compared to non-fasters (p < 0.05). Fasters also had lower intakes of vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, B12, D, folate, pantothenate, sodium, calcium, zinc, and phosphorus. Most participants (in both groups) did not meet the recommended dietary allowances of most vitamins and elements. Most serum biochemical parameters did not reflect the differences in nutrient intakes between groups, and none exhibited a correlation coefficient above 0.5 with nutrient intakes. Our findings suggest that COC fasting is associated with reduced intake of many nutrients, although this does not seem to have an impact on the blood biochemical profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli Petridou
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57000 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Nikolaos E. Rodopaios
- Department of Social Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71003 Iraklion, Greece; (A.-A.K.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-6936694016
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57000 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Alexandra-Aikaterini Koulouri
- Department of Social Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71003 Iraklion, Greece; (A.-A.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Eleni Vasara
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thermi, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Petros Skepastianos
- Department of Medical Laboratory Studies, International Hellenic University, Thermi, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Maria Hassapidou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thermi, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Anthony Kafatos
- Department of Social Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71003 Iraklion, Greece; (A.-A.K.); (A.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khalatbari-Soltani S, Blyth FM, Naganathan V, Le Couteur DG, Handelsman DJ, Seibel MJ, Hirani V, Wright FAC, Waite LM, Cumming RG. Cohort Profile update: The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP). Int J Epidemiol 2021; 51:31-32h. [PMID: 34601611 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Khalatbari-Soltani
- The University of Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Aging Research (CEPAR), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona M Blyth
- The University of Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Aging Research (CEPAR), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vasi Naganathan
- Concord Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ageing and Alzheimer's Institute, Concord Repatriation and General Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ageing and Alzheimer's Institute, Concord Repatriation and General Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Markus J Seibel
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vasant Hirani
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - F A Clive Wright
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ageing and Alzheimer's Institute, Concord Repatriation and General Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise M Waite
- Concord Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ageing and Alzheimer's Institute, Concord Repatriation and General Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert G Cumming
- The University of Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Aging Research (CEPAR), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Exploring trajectories in dietary adequacy of the B vitamins folate, riboflavin, vitamins B 6 and B 12, with advancing older age: a systematic review. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:449-459. [PMID: 33118888 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520004249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining nutritional adequacy contributes to successful ageing. B vitamins involved in one-carbon metabolism regulation (folate, riboflavin, vitamins B6 and B12) are critical nutrients contributing to homocysteine and epigenetic regulation. Although cross-sectional B vitamin intake in ageing populations is characterised, longitudinal changes are infrequently reported. This systematic review explores age-related changes in dietary adequacy of folate, riboflavin, vitamins B6 and B12 in community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years at follow-up). Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, databases (MEDLINE, Embase, BIOSIS, CINAHL) were systematically screened, yielding 1579 records; eight studies were included (n 3119 participants, 2–25 years of follow-up). Quality assessment (modified Newcastle–Ottawa quality scale) rated all of moderate–high quality. The estimated average requirement cut-point method estimated the baseline and follow-up population prevalence of dietary inadequacy. Riboflavin (seven studies, n 1953) inadequacy progressively increased with age; the prevalence of inadequacy increased from baseline by up to 22·6 and 9·3 % in males and females, respectively. Dietary folate adequacy (three studies, n 2321) improved in two studies (by up to 22·4 %), but the third showed increasing (8·1 %) inadequacy. Evidence was similarly limited (two studies, respectively) and inconsistent for vitamins B6 (n 559; −9·9 to 47·9 %) and B12 (n 1410; −4·6 to 7·2 %). This review emphasises the scarcity of evidence regarding micronutrient intake changes with age, highlighting the demand for improved reporting of longitudinal changes in nutrient intake that can better direct micronutrient recommendations for older adults. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018104364).
Collapse
|
10
|
Das A, Cumming RG, Naganathan V, Blyth F, Le Couteur DG, Handelsman DJ, Waite LM, Ribeiro RVR, Simpson SJ, Hirani V. Dietary and supplemental antioxidant intake and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in older men: The concord health and ageing in men project. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1102-1112. [PMID: 33549432 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The role of antioxidant intake in cardiovascular disease remains inconclusive. This study evaluates the association between antioxidant intake and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among older Australian men. METHODS AND RESULTS 794 men aged ≥75 years participated in the 3rd wave of the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. Dietary adequacy of antioxidant intake was assessed by comparing participants' intake of vitamins A, E, C and zinc to the Nutrient Reference Values (NRV) for Australia. Attainment of NRVs of antioxidants was categorised into a dichotomised variable 'inadequate' (meeting≤2 of 4 antioxidants) or 'adequate' (meeting≥3 of 4 antioxidants). The usage of antioxidant supplements was assessed. The outcome measure was MACE. The composite MACE endpoint was defined as having one of the following: death, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, congestive cardiac failure (CCF), and revascularization during the period of observation. There was no significant association between dietary (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.71, 1.48) or supplemental antioxidant intake (HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.75, 1.63) and overall MACE. However, a significant association was observed between inadequate antioxidant intake and CCF (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.50). The lowest quartile of zinc intake (<11.00 mg/d) was significantly associated with CCF (HR 2.36; 95% CI: 1.04, 5.34). None of the other antioxidants were significantly associated with CCF or other MACE components. CONCLUSION Inadequate dietary antioxidant intake, particularly zinc, is associated with increased risk of CCF in older Australian men but not associated with overall MACE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Das
- School of Life and Environmental Science Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR), University of New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Robert G Cumming
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR), University of New South Wales, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vasi Naganathan
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fiona Blyth
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louise M Waite
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rosilene V R Ribeiro
- School of Life and Environmental Science Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- School of Life and Environmental Science Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vasant Hirani
- School of Life and Environmental Science Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Le Couteur DG, Ribeiro R, Senior A, Hsu B, Hirani V, Blyth FM, Waite LM, Simpson SJ, Naganathan V, Cumming RG, Handelsman DJ. Branched Chain Amino Acids, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Outcomes in Older Men: The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:1805-1810. [PMID: 31428789 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased blood levels of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Here, we studied 918 community-dwelling older men to determine the relationship between BCAAs and other amino acids with cardiometabolic risk factors, major cardiovascular endpoints (MACE), and mortality. BCAAs had robust associations with many adverse metabolic risk factors (increased glucose, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides; decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). However, paradoxically, participants with lower levels of BCAAs had greater mortality and MACE possibly because increasing age and frailty, both of which were associated with lower BCAA levels, are powerful risk factors for these outcomes in older people. Overall, amino acids that were lowest in frail subjects (BCAAs, α-aminobutyric acid [AABA], histidine, lysine, methionine, threonine, tyrosine) were inversely associated with mortality and MACE. In conclusion, BCAAs are biomarkers for important outcomes in older people including cardiometabolic risk factors, frailty, and mortality. In old age, frailty becomes a dominant risk factor for MACE and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G Le Couteur
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Rosilene Ribeiro
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Alistair Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Benjumin Hsu
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Vasant Hirani
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Fiona M Blyth
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, Australia.,School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Louise M Waite
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Vasikaran Naganathan
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, Australia
| | - Robert G Cumming
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pignatti C, D’Adamo S, Stefanelli C, Flamigni F, Cetrullo S. Nutrients and Pathways that Regulate Health Span and Life Span. Geriatrics (Basel) 2020; 5:geriatrics5040095. [PMID: 33228041 PMCID: PMC7709628 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics5040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both life span and health span are influenced by genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. With the genetic influence on human life span estimated to be about 20–25%, epigenetic changes play an important role in modulating individual health status and aging. Thus, a main part of life expectance and healthy aging is determined by dietary habits and nutritional factors. Excessive or restricted food consumption have direct effects on health status. Moreover, some dietary interventions including a reduced intake of dietary calories without malnutrition, or a restriction of specific dietary component may promote health benefits and decrease the incidence of aging-related comorbidities, thus representing intriguing potential approaches to improve healthy aging. However, the relationship between nutrition, health and aging is still not fully understood as well as the mechanisms by which nutrients and nutritional status may affect health span and longevity in model organisms. The broad effect of different nutritional conditions on health span and longevity occurs through multiple mechanisms that involve evolutionary conserved nutrient-sensing pathways in tissues and organs. These pathways interacting each other include the evolutionary conserved key regulators mammalian target of rapamycin, AMP-activated protein kinase, insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 pathway and sirtuins. In this review we provide a summary of the main molecular mechanisms by which different nutritional conditions, i.e., specific nutrient abundance or restriction, may affect health span and life span.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pignatti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Stefania D’Adamo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Stefanelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Flavio Flamigni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Silvia Cetrullo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-209-1241
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Associations between nutrient intakes and dietary patterns with different sarcopenia definitions in older Australian men: the concord health and ageing in men project. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:4490-4505. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020003547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:To assess the associations between nutrient intake and dietary patterns with different sarcopenia definitions in older men.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Sarcopenia was defined using the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH), the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2). Dietary adequacy of fourteen nutrients was assessed by comparing participants’ intakes with the Nutrient Reference Values (NRV). Attainment of NRV for nutrients was incorporated into a variable ‘poor’ (meeting ≤ 9) v. ‘good’ (meeting ≥ 10) using the cut-point method. Also, two different dietary patterns, monounsaturated:saturated fat and n-6:n-3 fatty acids ratio and individual nutrients were used as predictor variables.Participants:A total of 794 men aged ≥75 years participated in this study.Results:The prevalence of sarcopenia by the FNIH, EWGSOP and EWGSOP2 definitions was 12·9 %, 12·9 % and 19·6 %, respectively. With the adjustment, poor nutrient intake was significantly associated with FNIH-defined sarcopenia (OR: 2·07 (95 % CI 1·16, 3·67)), but not with EWGSOP and EWGSPOP2 definitions. The lowest and second-lowest quartiles of protein, Mg and Ca and the lowest quartiles of n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA intakes were significantly associated with FNIH-defined sarcopenia. Each unit decrease in n-6:n-3 ratio was significantly associated with a 9 % increased risk of FNIH-defined sarcopenia (OR: 1·09 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·16)).Conclusions:Inadequate intakes of nutrients are associated with FNIH-defined sarcopenia in older men, but not with the other two sarcopenia definitions. Further studies are required to understand these relationships.
Collapse
|
14
|
A Low FODMAP Diet Is Nutritionally Adequate and Therapeutically Efficacious in Community Dwelling Older Adults with Chronic Diarrhoea. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103002. [PMID: 33007886 PMCID: PMC7600506 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP)diet has been extensively researched, but not in the management of older adults with functional gastrointestinal symptoms. This study determines the positive and negative impacts of this dietary treatment in older adults with chronic diarrhea. A non-blinded intervention study was conducted with adults over 65 years with chronic diarrhea referred for colonoscopy where no cause was found. Participants followed a dietitian-led low FODMAP diet for six weeks and completed a structured assessment of gastrointestinal symptoms, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, and a four-day food diary before and after the intervention. Twenty participants, mean age 76 years, were recruited. Adherence to the low FODMAP diet was acceptable; mean daily FODMAP intake reduced from 20.82 g to 3.75 g (p < 0.001) during the intervention and no clinically significant changes in macro- or micronutrient intakes were observed. There were clinically significant improvements in total gastrointestinal symptoms (pre diet 21.15/88 (standard deviation SD = 10.99), post diet 9.8/88 (SD = 9.58), p < 0.001) including diarrhea (pre diet 9.85 (SD = 3.84), post diet 4.05 (SD = 3.86), p < 0.001) and significant reductions in anxiety (pre diet 6.11/21 (SD = 4.31), post diet 4.26/21 (SD = 3.38), p < 0.05). In older adults the low FODMAP diet is clinically effective and does not jeopardise nutritional intake when supervised by an experienced dietitian.
Collapse
|
15
|
Das A, Cumming RG, Naganathan V, Blyth F, Ribeiro RV, Le Couteur DG, Handelsman DJ, Waite LM, Simpson SJ, Hirani V. Prospective Associations Between Dietary Antioxidant Intake and Frailty in Older Australian Men: The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:348-356. [PMID: 30955034 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the study is to evaluate the prospective associations between antioxidant intake and incident frailty among older Australian men aged ≥75 years. METHODS Seven hundred and ninety-four men participated in a detailed diet history interview at the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP) study third wave (considered baseline nutrition here) and 781 men participated at the fourth wave (considered 3-year follow-up here). The main outcome measurement was incident frailty at 3-year follow-up, using the Cardiovascular Health Study definition. Dietary adequacy of antioxidant intake was assessed by comparing participants' median intakes of four dietary antioxidants (vitamin A, E, C, and zinc) to the nutrient reference values (NRVs). Attainment of the NRVs was incorporated into a dichotomized variable "poor" (meeting ≤2 antioxidants) or "good" (meeting ≥3 antioxidants) as the independent variable using the cut-point method. Also, intakes of each individual dietary antioxidant at baseline nutrition were categorized into quartiles. Analyses were performed using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS Incidence of pre-frailty was 53.0% and frailty was 6.4% at 3-year follow-up. Poor dietary antioxidant intake (meeting ≤2) at baseline nutrition was associated with incident frailty at 3-year follow-up in unadjusted (OR: 2.59 [95% CI: 1.47, 4.59, p = .001]) and adjusted (OR: 2.46 [95% CI: 1.10, 5.51, p = .03]) analyses. The lowest quartile of vitamin E intake (<7.08 mg/d) was significantly associated with incident frailty (OR: 2.46 [95% CI: 1.01, 6.00, p = .05]). CONCLUSIONS Poor antioxidant intake, particularly vitamin E, is a plausible factor associated with incident frailty among older men. This supports the need for clinical trials of diets rich in antioxidants or possibly low-dose antioxidant supplements, for prevention of frailty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Das
- School of Life and Environmental Science Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR), University of New South Wales
| | - Robert G Cumming
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR), University of New South Wales.,ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales.,School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vasi Naganathan
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Fiona Blyth
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Rosilene V Ribeiro
- School of Life and Environmental Science Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales
| | - David G Le Couteur
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales
| | - David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales
| | - Louise M Waite
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- School of Life and Environmental Science Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Vasant Hirani
- School of Life and Environmental Science Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales.,ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Changes in micronutrient intake and factors associated with this change among older Australian men: the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:4454-4465. [PMID: 32895085 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020003249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine changes in micronutrient intake over 3 years and identify any associations between socio-economic, health, lifestyle and meal-related factors and these changes in micronutrient intakes among older men. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Dietary adequacy of individual micronutrient was compared to the estimated average requirement of the nutrient reference values (NRV). Attainment of the NRV for twelve micronutrients was incorporated into a dichotomised variable 'not meeting' (meeting ≤ 6) or 'meeting' (meeting ≥ 7) and categorised into four categories to assess change in micronutrient intake over 3 years. The multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to model predictors of changes in micronutrient intake. PARTICIPANTS Seven hundred and ninety-four men participated in a detailed diet history interview at the third wave (baseline nutrition) and 718 men participated at the fourth wave (3-year follow-up). RESULTS The mean age was 81 years (range 75-99 years). Median intakes of the majority of micronutrients decreased significantly over a 3-year follow-up. Inadequacy of the NRV for thiamine, dietary folate, Zn, Mg, Ca and I were significantly increased at a 3-year follow-up than baseline nutrition. The incidence of inadequate micronutrient intake was 21 % and remained inadequate micronutrient intake was 16·4 % at 3-year follow-up. Changes in micronutrient intakes were significantly associated with participants born in the UK and Italy, low levels of physical activity, having ≥2 medical conditions and used meal services. CONCLUSIONS Micronutrient intake decreases with age in older men. Our results suggest that strategies to improve some of the suboptimal micronutrient intakes might need to be developed and implemented for older men.
Collapse
|
17
|
The association between antioxidant intake, dietary pattern and depressive symptoms in older Australian men: the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:443-454. [PMID: 32385686 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objectives of the study were to evaluate the associations between antioxidant intake, dietary patterns and depressive symptoms among older men. METHOD 794 men participated in a detailed diet history interview at the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project 3rd wave (considered baseline nutrition) and 781 men participated at the 4th wave (considered 3-year follow-up). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS ≥ 5). Dietary adequacy of antioxidant intake was assessed by comparing participants' median intake of vitamin A, E, C and zinc to the Nutrient Reference Values for Australia. Attainment of NRVs of antioxidant was categorised into a dichotomised variable 'poor' (meeting ≤ 2) or 'good' (meeting ≥ 3). Individual antioxidant nutrient was categorised into quartiles. The Australian and Mediterranean diet scores were assessed as predictor variables. RESULTS The prevalence of GDS ≥ 5 was 12.8% at baseline nutrition and 13.2% of men developed GDS ≥ 5 at a 3-year follow-up. There was a significant cross-sectional association between poor antioxidant intake and GDS ≥ 5 in adjusted analyses [OR: 1.95 (95% CI 1.03, 3.70)]. Poor antioxidant intake at baseline nutrition remained prospectively associated with incident GDS ≥ 5 [OR: 2.46 (95% CI 1.24, 4.88)] in adjusted analyses. This association was also found for the lowest quartile of zinc [OR 2.72 (95% CI 1.37, 5.42)] and vitamin E intake [OR 2.18 (95% CI 1.05, 4.51)]. None of the other antioxidants and dietary patterns had a significant association with incident depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Inadequacy of antioxidant intake, particularly zinc and vitamin E, is associated with increased risk of clinically significant depressive symptoms in older men.
Collapse
|
18
|
Cervo MMC, Scott D, Seibel MJ, Cumming RG, Naganathan V, Blyth FM, Le Couteur DG, Handelsman DJ, Ribeiro RV, Waite LM, Shivappa N, Hebert JR, Hirani V. Proinflammatory Diet Increases Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers and Falls Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Men. J Nutr 2020; 150:373-381. [PMID: 31665502 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relations between diet, chronic inflammation, and musculoskeletal health are unclear, especially among older men. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine associations of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) with inflammatory biomarkers, musculoskeletal health, and falls risk in community-dwelling older men. METHODS The cross-sectional analysis included 794 community-dwelling men, mean age 81.1 ± 4.5 y, who participated in the 5-y follow-up of the Concord Health and Aging in Men Project. Of these, 616 were seen again 3 y later for the longitudinal analysis. Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) was calculated from a validated diet history questionnaire. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using DXA. Twenty-four inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed. Incident falls over 3 y were determined through telephone interviews every 4 mo. Multiple regression, linear mixed effects models, negative binomial regression, and mediation analysis were utilized in this study. RESULTS A higher E-DII score (indicating a more proinflammatory diet) was associated with higher concentrations of IL-6 (β: 0.028 pg/mL; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.053), IL-7 (β: 0.020 pg/mL; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.037), and TNF-α (β: 0.027 pg/mL; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.051). A higher E-DII score was also associated with lower appendicular lean mass adjusted for BMI (ALMBMI) (β: -0.006 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.010, -0.001). For every unit increase in E-DII (range: -4.91 to +3.66 units), incident falls rates increased by 13% (incidence rate ratio: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.21) over 3 y. Mediation analysis showed that the association between E-DII and 3-y incident falls was influenced by the concentrations of IL-7 by 24%. There was no association between E-DII and BMD. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of a proinflammatory diet was associated with increased concentrations of IL-6, IL-7, and TNF-α; increased falls risk; and lower ALMBMI in community-dwelling older men. The association between incident falls and E-DII was partly mediated by concentrations of IL-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mavil May C Cervo
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Scott
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne Medical School-Western Campus, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Markus J Seibel
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert G Cumming
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Education and Research on Aging, Concord Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Aging Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vasi Naganathan
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging, Concord Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona M Blyth
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging, Concord Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging, Concord Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Aging Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rosilene V Ribeiro
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louise M Waite
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging, Concord Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - James R Hebert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Vasant Hirani
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging, Concord Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Aging Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pansarasa O, Pistono C, Davin A, Bordoni M, Mimmi MC, Guaita A, Cereda C. Altered immune system in frailty: Genetics and diet may influence inflammation. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 54:100935. [PMID: 31326616 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a complex geriatric syndrome associated with biological vulnerability to stressors and decreased physiological reserve. Its etiology and pathogenesis are not completely understood, although various causes and complex pathways have been proposed. Immune system alterations (immunosenescence and "InflammAging") have been suggested to contribute to frailty, but a precise causative role of such alterations remains to be determined. Genetic studies support the suggestion of immune system involvement in frailty: genetic variants in genes involved in immune system function have been associated with the syndrome. Interestingly, nutritional status, through its effects on cellular metabolism, may also influence the immune system, i.e. hormone and cytokine (mainly adipocytokine) levels, and immune cell populations and function, increasing inflammation and contributing to frailty. This review aims to discuss the role of immune system alterations in frailty, analyzing the role of genetic factors in frailty onset and the impact of diet on inflammation and, in turn, on frailty.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ribeiro RV, Solon-Biet SM, Pulpitel T, Senior AM, Cogger VC, Clark X, O'Sullivan J, Koay YC, Hirani V, Blyth FM, Seibel MJ, Waite LM, Naganathan V, Cumming RG, Handelsman DJ, Simpson SJ, Le Couteur DG. Of Older Mice and Men: Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Body Composition. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1882. [PMID: 31412601 PMCID: PMC6723310 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) intake are associated with changes in circulating BCAAs and influence metabolic health in humans and rodents. However, the relationship between BCAAs and body composition in both species is unclear, with many studies questioning the translatability of preclinical findings to humans. Here, we assessed and directly compared the relationship between circulating BCAAs, body composition, and intake in older mice and men. Body weight and body fat were positively associated with circulating BCAA levels in both mouse and human, which remained significant after adjustments for age, physical activity, number of morbidities, smoking status, and source of income in the human cohort. Macronutrient intakes were similarly associated with circulating BCAA levels; however, the relationship between protein intake and BCAAs were more pronounced in the mice. These findings indicate that the relationship between circulating BCAAs, body composition, and intakes are comparable in both species, suggesting that the mouse is an effective model for examining the effects of BCAAs on body composition in older humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosilene V Ribeiro
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
- Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Samantha M Solon-Biet
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
- Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Tamara Pulpitel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Alistair M Senior
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Ximonie Clark
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - John O'Sullivan
- Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Yen Chin Koay
- Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Vasant Hirani
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR), Kensington 2033, Australia
| | - Fiona M Blyth
- Concord Clinical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Concord 2139, Australia
| | - Markus J Seibel
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Concord Clinical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Concord 2139, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Concord 2139, Australia
| | - Louise M Waite
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR), Kensington 2033, Australia
| | - Vasi Naganathan
- Concord Clinical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Concord 2139, Australia
| | - Robert G Cumming
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR), Kensington 2033, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Concord 2139, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord 2139, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Older Australians are eating more protein: Secondary analysis of the 1995 & 2011/12 national nutrition surveys. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 74:588-597. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
22
|
Maximizing your "nutrition minute": Bridging nutritional gaps across the life span. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2019; 30:160-177. [PMID: 29757885 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Poor diet quality has been associated with increased mortality and an increased risk of chronic disease. Given the shortfalls in the typical American diet and the prevalence of nutrition-related chronic disease among US adults, the need for nutrition education is paramount. Nurse practitioners (NPs) are well placed to provide basic nutrition counseling but often face challenges to making this a reality. In a typical office visit, the time available to discuss diet and nutrition can be as little as one minute or less. METHODS Nutritional issues of concern facing specific age and risk groups are reviewed. The "Nutrition Minute," a tool comprising 5 questions that enable NPs to identify patients at higher risk of nutritional shortfalls, has been developed. CONCLUSIONS Nutrition counseling includes discussion of not only fat, carbohydrate, and protein intake, but also micronutrient intake. Although a food-first approach to nutrition is preferred, nutritional shortfalls exist even in the best diets. Supplementation with a multivitamin is an effective approach to bridge many nutritional gaps and can be recommended for many patients with poor diet quality. In addition to shortfalls apparent from a patient's diet, nutritional needs change across the life span (e.g., women of childbearing age and older persons) and in those with certain medical conditions such as diabetes and obesity. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Although NPs clearly have an important role to play in the nutrition management of many patients, they should work in collaboration with registered dietitians wherever possible, especially for medical nutrition therapy in those patients needing specialist counseling, such as those with diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and renal disease.
Collapse
|
23
|
Yannakoulia M, Mamalaki E, Anastasiou CA, Mourtzi N, Lambrinoudaki I, Scarmeas N. Eating habits and behaviors of older people: Where are we now and where should we go? Maturitas 2018; 114:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
24
|
Marinangeli CPF, House JD. Potential impact of the digestible indispensable amino acid score as a measure of protein quality on dietary regulations and health. Nutr Rev 2018; 75:658-667. [PMID: 28969364 PMCID: PMC5914309 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory frameworks for protein content claims in Canada and the United States are underpinned by the protein efficiency ratio and protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), respectively, which are used to assess the protein quality of a given food. The digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) is a novel approach to measuring the protein quality of foods and is supported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Methodological concerns about the PDCAAS are addressed by the DIAAS through introduction of the use of ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients and untruncated protein scores. However, before the DIAAS is widely adopted within regulatory frameworks, a comprehensive assessment is required. Accordingly, this review addresses the potential impact of the DIAAS on regulation, communication, and public health, as well as knowledge gaps, analytical challenges, and cost of implementation. A pragmatic approach to addressing protein quality is advocated by suggesting the use of conservative coefficients of digestibility that are derived from in vitro methods. Before adopting the DIAAS as a framework for supporting protein content claims, updated food-related regulations and policies should also be evaluated through a lens that anticipates the impact on consumer-facing nutrition communication, the adoption of dietary patterns that are nutritionally adequate, and a food value chain that fosters a spirit of food and nutritional innovation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - James D House
- Department of Food & Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Selected B vitamins and their possible link to the aetiology of age-related sarcopenia: relevance of UK dietary recommendations. Nutr Res Rev 2018; 31:204-224. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954422418000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe possible roles of selected B vitamins in the development and progression of sarcopenia are reviewed. Age-related declines in muscle mass and function are associated with huge and increasing costs to healthcare providers. Falls and loss of mobility and independence due to declining muscle mass/function are associated with poor clinical outcomes and their prevention and management are attractive research targets. Nutritional status appears a key modifiable and affordable intervention. There is emerging evidence of sarcopenia being the result not only of diminished anabolic activity but also of declining neurological integrity in older age, which is emerging as an important aspect of the development of age-related decline in muscle mass/function. In this connection, several B vitamins can be viewed as not only cofactors in muscle synthetic processes, but also as neurotrophic agents with involvements in both bioenergetic and trophic pathways. The B vitamins thus selected are examined with respect to their relevance to multiple aspects of neuromuscular function and evidence is considered that requirements, intakes or absorption may be altered in the elderly. In addition, the evidence base for recommended intakes (UK recommended daily allowance) is examined with particular reference to original datasets and their relevance to older individuals. It is possible that inconsistencies in the literature with respect to the nutritional management of sarcopenia may, in part at least, be the result of compromised micronutrient status in some study participants. It is suggested that in order, for example, for intervention with amino acids to be successful, underlying micronutrient deficiencies must first be addressed/eliminated.
Collapse
|
26
|
Wright FAC, Chu SK, Milledge KL, Valdez E, Law G, Hsu B, Naganathan V, Hirani V, Blyth FM, Le Couteur DG, Harford J, Waite LM, Handelsman DJ, Seibel MJ, Cumming RG. Oral health of community-dwelling older Australian men: the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP). Aust Dent J 2018; 63:55-65. [PMID: 28853154 PMCID: PMC6635750 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP) is a cohort study of the health of a representative sample of Australian men aged 70 years and older. The aim of this report is to describe the oral health of these men. METHODS Oral health was assessed when the men were all aged 78 years or older. Two calibrated examiners conducted a standardized intraoral assessment. Descriptive data were analysed by statistical association tests. Participants were excluded from the collection of some periodontal assessments if they had a medical contraindication. RESULTS Dental assessments of 614 participants revealed 90 (14.6%) were edentate. Men had a mean of 13.8 missing teeth and 10.3 filled teeth. Dentate participants had a mean of 1.1 teeth with active coronal decay. Those in the low-income group had a higher rate of decayed teeth and lower rate of filled teeth. Thirty-four participants (5.5%) had one or more dental implants, and 66.3% relied on substitute natural teeth for functional occlusion. Of those with full periodontal assessments; 90.9% had sites with pocket depths of 3 mm or more, 96.6% had sites with CAL of 5 mm or more, and 79.7% had three or more sites with GI scores of 2 or more. CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of periodontal diseases and restorative burden of dentitions, which suggests that greater attention needs to be given to prevention and health maintenance in older Australian men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- FAC Wright
- Centre for Education and Research on AgeingConcord Clinical School and Sydney Local Health DistrictConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - SK‐Y Chu
- Centre for Education and Research on AgeingConcord Clinical School and Sydney Local Health DistrictConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - KL Milledge
- School of Public HealthSydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - E Valdez
- Centre for Education and Research on AgeingConcord Clinical School and Sydney Local Health DistrictConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - G Law
- Centre for Education and Research on AgeingConcord Clinical School and Sydney Local Health DistrictConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - B Hsu
- Centre for Education and Research on AgeingConcord Clinical School and Sydney Local Health DistrictConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing ResearchSydney Medical SchoolSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of SydneyConcord HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - V Naganathan
- Centre for Education and Research on AgeingConcord Clinical School and Sydney Local Health DistrictConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
- Ageing and Alzheimer's InstituteAged Chronic Care and RehabilitationConcord Repatriation General HospitalSydney Local Health DistrictConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - V Hirani
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing ResearchSydney Medical SchoolSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesCharles Perkins CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - FM Blyth
- Centre for Education and Research on AgeingConcord Clinical School and Sydney Local Health DistrictConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
- Concord Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneyConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - DG Le Couteur
- Centre for Education and Research on AgeingConcord Clinical School and Sydney Local Health DistrictConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
- Ageing and Alzheimer's InstituteAged Chronic Care and RehabilitationConcord Repatriation General HospitalSydney Local Health DistrictConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - J Harford
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral HealthUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - LM Waite
- Centre for Education and Research on AgeingConcord Clinical School and Sydney Local Health DistrictConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
- Concord Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneyConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - DJ Handelsman
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of SydneyConcord HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - MJ Seibel
- Concord Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneyConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - RG Cumming
- School of Public HealthSydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing ResearchSydney Medical SchoolSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shearer J, Graham TE, Skinner TL. Nutra-ergonomics: influence of nutrition on physical employment standards and the health of workers. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 41:S165-74. [PMID: 27277565 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The importance of ergonomics across several scientific domains, including biomechanics, psychology, sociology, and physiology, have been extensively explored. However, the role of other factors that may influence the health and productivity of workers, such as nutrition, is generally overlooked. Nutra-ergonomics describes the interface between workers, their work environment, and performance in relation to their nutritional status. It considers nutrition to be an integral part of a safe and productive workplace that encompasses physical and mental health as well as the long-term wellbeing of workers. This review explores the knowledge, awareness, and common practices of nutrition, hydration, stimulants, and fortified product use employed prior to physical employment standards testing and within the workplace. The influence of these nutra-ergonomic strategies on physical employment standards, worker safety, and performance will be examined. Further, the roles, responsibilities, and implications for the applicant, worker, and the employer will be discussed within the context of nutra-ergonomics, with reference to the provision and sustainability of an environment conducive to optimize worker health and wellbeing. Beyond physical employment standards, workplace productivity, and performance, the influence of extended or chronic desynchronization (irregular or shift work) in the work schedule on metabolism and long-term health, including risk of developing chronic and complex diseases, is discussed. Finally, practical nutra-ergonomic strategies and recommendations for the applicant, worker, and employer alike will be provided to enhance the short- and long-term safety, performance, health, and wellbeing of workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Shearer
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine. Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Terry E Graham
- b Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Tina L Skinner
- c Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Neale EP, Probst YC, Tapsell LC. Development of a matching file of Australian food composition databases (AUSNUT 2007 to 2011–13). J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
29
|
Ticinesi A, Meschi T, Lauretani F, Felis G, Franchi F, Pedrolli C, Barichella M, Benati G, Di Nuzzo S, Ceda GP, Maggio M. Nutrition and Inflammation in Older Individuals: Focus on Vitamin D, n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Whey Proteins. Nutrients 2016; 8:186. [PMID: 27043616 PMCID: PMC4848655 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic activation of the inflammatory response, defined as inflammaging, is the key physio-pathological substrate for anabolic resistance, sarcopenia and frailty in older individuals. Nutrients can theoretically modulate this phenomenon. The underlying molecular mechanisms reducing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators have been elucidated, particularly for vitamin D, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and whey proteins. In this paper, we review the current evidence emerging from observational and intervention studies, performed in older individuals, either community-dwelling or hospitalized with acute disease, and evaluating the effects of intake of vitamin D, n-3 PUFA and whey proteins on inflammatory markers, such as C-Reactive Protein (CRP), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). After the analysis, we conclude that there is sufficient evidence for an anti-inflammatory effect in aging only for n-3 PUFA intake, while the few existing intervention studies do not support a similar activity for vitamin D and whey supplements. There is need in the future of large, high-quality studies testing the effects of combined dietary interventions including the above mentioned nutrients on inflammation and health-related outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ticinesi
- Internal Medicine and Critical Subacute Care Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, Parma 43126, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, Parma 43126, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Meschi
- Internal Medicine and Critical Subacute Care Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, Parma 43126, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, Parma 43126, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Lauretani
- Internal Medicine and Critical Subacute Care Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, Parma 43126, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Felis
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona 37134, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Franchi
- Geriatric Unit, "Guglielmo da Saliceto" Hospital, AUSL Piacenza, Via Taverna 49, Piacenza 29121, Italy.
| | - Carlo Pedrolli
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Largo Medaglie d'Oro 9, Trento 38122, Italy.
| | - Michela Barichella
- Parkinson Institute, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale "Gaetano Pini"-C.T.O., Via Bignami 1, Milan 20126, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Benati
- Geriatric Unit, Ospedale G.B. Morgagni-L. Pierantoni, Via Carlo Forlanini 34, Forlì 47121, Italy.
| | - Sergio Di Nuzzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, Parma 43126, Italy.
| | - Gian Paolo Ceda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, Parma 43126, Italy.
- Clinical Geriatrics Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, Parma 43126, Italy.
| | - Marcello Maggio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, Parma 43126, Italy.
- Clinical Geriatrics Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, Parma 43126, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|