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Zhang Y, Cortés-Ortiz MV, Baylin A, Leung CW, Rosero-Bixby L, Ruiz-Narváez EA. Traditional rural dietary pattern and all-cause mortality in a prospective cohort study of elderly Costa Ricans: the Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study (CRELES). Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00594-X. [PMID: 38971470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Costa Rica is experiencing a fast demographic aging. Healthy diets may help to ameliorate the burden of aging-related conditions. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of a traditional dietary pattern and two of its major components (beans and rice) with all-cause mortality among elderly Costa Ricans. DESIGN The Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study (CRELES) a prospective cohort study of 2,827 elderly Costa Ricans (60+ years at baseline) started in 2004. We used a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess usual diet. We calculated dietary patterns using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Multivariate energy-adjusted proportional-hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Over a 15-year follow-up, encompassing 24,304 person-years, 1,667 deaths occurred. The traditional Costa Rican dietary pattern was more frequent in rural parts of the country, and it was inversely associated with all-cause mortality. Subjects in the fifth quintile of intake had 18% lower all-cause mortality compared with those in the first quintile (HR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.69, 0.98; P-trend = 0.01), particularly among males (HR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.56, 0.95). Beans intake was associated with lower all-cause mortality among all subjects (HR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.68, 0.91 highest compared with lowest tertile) and in sex-stratified analysis. Rice consumption was inversely associated with all-cause mortality solely among males (HR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.60, 0.94 highest compared with lowest tertile). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that a traditional Costa Rican rural dietary pattern is associated with lower all-cause mortality in elderly Costa Ricans. Beans, a major component of this traditional dietary pattern, was also associated with lower all-cause mortality. These findings could have important implications for public health, given the nutritional transition and the reduction of intake of traditional diets in Latin American countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundan Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mónica V Cortés-Ortiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ana Baylin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Cindy W Leung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Luis Rosero-Bixby
- Centro Centroamericano de Población, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Edward A Ruiz-Narváez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI.
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Hu Y, Ding X, Chen L, Luo Y, Liu X, Tang X. Dietary Patterns and New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in Southwest China: A Prospective Cohort Study in the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC). Nutrients 2024; 16:1636. [PMID: 38892568 PMCID: PMC11174084 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: There is little known about the relationship between Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) pattern and diabetes in cohort studies, and the dietary patterns in the Chongqing natural population are unknown. (2) Methods: 14,176 Chinese adults, aged 30-79 years old, participated in this prospective study, from September 2018 to October 2023. A dietary assessment was conducted using a food frequency questionnaire, and three main dietary patterns were extracted from the principal component analysis. DASH patterns were calculated by standards. (3) Results: During the 4.64 y follow-up, 875 developed diabetes (11.3/1000 person-years). Each posteriori diet pattern is named after its main dietary characteristics (meat pattern, dairy products-eggs pattern, and alcohol-wheat products pattern). The high consumption of DASH pattern diet reduced the risk of diabetes (Q5 vs. Q1 HR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.40-0.56) while high consumption of alcohol-wheat product pattern diet was associated with a high risk of diabetes (Q5 vs. Q1 HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.66). The other two dietary patterns were not associated with diabetes. In subgroup analysis, there was an interaction between DASH pattern and sex (P for interaction < 0.006), with a strong association in females. (4) Conclusions: DASH pattern may be associated with a reduced new-onset diabetes risk and Alcohol-wheat products pattern may be positively associated with new-onset diabetes. These findings may provide evidence for making dietary guidelines in southwest China to prevent diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Hu
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medical and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xianbin Ding
- Institute of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China; (X.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Liling Chen
- Institute of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China; (X.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Youxing Luo
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medical and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medical and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medical and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
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Tsigalou C, Tsolou A, Stavropoulou E, Konstantinidis T, Zafiriou E, Dardiotis E, Tsirogianni A, Bogdanos D. Unraveling the intricate dance of the Mediterranean diet and gut microbiota in autoimmune resilience. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1383040. [PMID: 38818135 PMCID: PMC11137302 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1383040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The nutritional habits regulate the gut microbiota and increase risk of an autoimmune disease. Western diet is rich in sugars, meat, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, which lead to dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota, disruption of gut epithelial barrier and chronic mucosal inflammation. In contrast, the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is abundant in ω3 fatty acids, fruits, and vegetables, possessing anti-inflammatory properties that contribute to the restoration of gut eubiosis. Numerous studies have extensively examined the impact of MedDiet and its components on both health and various disease states. Additionally, specific investigations have explored the correlation between MedDiet, microbiota, and the risk of autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, the MedDiet has been linked to a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, playing a pivotal role in lowering mortality rates among individuals with autoimmune diseases and comorbidities. The aim of the present review is to specifically highlight current knowledge regarding possible interactions of MedDiet with the patterns of intestinal microbiota focusing on autoimmunity and a blueprint through dietary modulations for the prevention and management of disease's activity and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Avgi Tsolou
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Cell Cycle and Proteomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Elisavet Stavropoulou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Theocharis Konstantinidis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Efterpi Zafiriou
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthymios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexandra Tsirogianni
- Department of Immunology-Histocompatibility, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Taylor RM, Haslam RL, Herbert J, Whatnall MC, Trijsburg L, de Vries JHM, Josefsson MS, Koochek A, Nowicka P, Neuman N, Clarke ED, Burrows TL, Collins CE. Diet quality and cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Nutr Diet 2024; 81:35-50. [PMID: 38129766 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate relationships between diet quality and cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS Six databases were searched for studies published between January 2007 and October 2021. Eligible studies included cohort studies that assessed the relationship between a priori diet quality and cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity in adults. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Checklist was used to assess the risk of bias. Study characteristics and outcomes were extracted from eligible studies using standardised processes. Data were summarised using risk ratios for cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality with difference compared for highest versus lowest diet quality synthesised in meta-analyses using a random effects model. RESULTS Of the 4780 studies identified, 159 studies (n = 6 272 676 adults) were included. Meta-analyses identified a significantly lower cardiovascular disease incidence (n = 42 studies, relative risk 0.83, 95% CI 0.82-0.84, p < 0.001) and mortality risk (n = 49 studies, relative risk 0.83, 95% CI 0.82-0.84, p < 0.001) among those with highest versus lowest diet quality. In sensitivity analyses of a high number of pooled studies (≥13 studies) the Mediterranean style diet patterns and adherence to the heart healthy diet guidelines were significantly associated with a risk reduction of 15% and 14% for cardiovascular disease incidence and 17% and 20% for cardiovascular disease mortality respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Higher diet quality is associated with lower incidence and risk of mortality for cardiovascular disease however, significant study heterogeneity was identified for these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Taylor
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Haslam
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jaimee Herbert
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Megan C Whatnall
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura Trijsburg
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanne H M de Vries
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Afsaneh Koochek
- Department of Food studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paulina Nowicka
- Department of Food studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicklas Neuman
- Department of Food studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erin D Clarke
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tracy L Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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Goshen A, Goldbourt U, Benyamini Y, Shimony T, Keinan-Boker L, Gerber Y. Diet Quality and Incident Frailty in Adults 65 Years or Older: The Israeli Longitudinal Study on Aging. Mayo Clin Proc 2023; 98:1774-1784. [PMID: 38043995 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively examine the association between diet quality and frailty incidence in the oldest-old age group. METHODS We studied an older adult (65+ years) cohort participating in the Israeli National Health and Nutrition Survey of Older Adults in 2005-2006 (T1 [N=1799]). Survivors of T1 were contacted, and between 2017 and 2019, an extensive interview and a functional assessment were conducted (T2) of 604 past participants. A 24-hour dietary recall, assessed at T1, was used to calculate the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) score. A frailty index based on an accumulation of deficits, including clinical, functional, and cognitive measures, was computed. Frail participants at T1 were excluded from the analysis. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association of HEI-2015 score with frailty incidence. Inverse probability weighting was used to minimize selection bias due to attrition. RESULTS Of the 479 T2 participants analyzed (mean [SD] age, 84 [5] years; 50% women), 225 (46%) were classified as frail. Frail participants were older, were less educated, and had a lower household income and a higher comorbidity burden at baseline than non-frail participants. After adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, a higher HEI-2015 score was associated with decreased odds of incident frailty (odds ratio, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.35 to 0.91] for the upper tertile and 0.66 [95% CI, 0.42 to 1.06] for the middle tertile compared with the lower tertile; Ptrend=.02). CONCLUSION In this cohort study of oldest-old participants, improved diet quality was inversely associated with frailty incidence in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Goshen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sheba Longevity Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Uri Goldbourt
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Benyamini
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Shimony
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Lital Keinan-Boker
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel; School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yariv Gerber
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Khemka S, Reddy A, Garcia RI, Jacobs M, Reddy RP, Roghani AK, Pattoor V, Basu T, Sehar U, Reddy PH. Role of diet and exercise in aging, Alzheimer's disease, and other chronic diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102091. [PMID: 37832608 PMCID: PMC10842571 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by memory loss and multiple cognitive impairments. Genetic mutations cause a small proportion (1-2%) of early-onset AD, with mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2). Major contributing factors of late-onset AD are ApoE4 genotype, traumatic brain injury, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular conditions, in addition to lifestyle factors, such as unhealthy diet and lack of physical exercise. Disease progression can be delayed and/or prevented to a greater extent by adopting healthy lifestyle with balanced and antioxidant enriched diet and daily exercise. The interaction and interplay of diet, exercise, age, and pharmacological interventions holds a crucial role in the progression, pathogenesis and management of AD and its comorbidities, including diabetes, obesity, hypertension and cardiovascular conditions. Antioxidant enriched diet contributes to brain health, glucose control, weight management, and cardiovascular well-being. Regular exercise removes toxins including free radicals and enhances insulin sensitivity, and supports cardiovascular function. In the current article, we discussed, the role of diet, and exercise in aging, AD and other conditions including diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular conditions. This article also highlights the impact of medication, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, and pharmacological interventions. These aspects were discussed in different races and ethnic groups in Texas, and the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachi Khemka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Aananya Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Lubbock High School, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA
| | - Ricardo Isaiah Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Micheal Jacobs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Ruhananhad P Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Lubbock High School, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA
| | - Aryan Kia Roghani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Frenship High School, Lubbock, TX 79382, USA
| | - Vasanthkumar Pattoor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Tanisha Basu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department pf Speech, Language and Hearing Services, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Healthy Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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Vilar-Gomez E, Vuppalanchi R, Gawrieh S, Pike F, Samala N, Chalasani N. Significant Dose-Response Association of Physical Activity and Diet Quality With Mortality in Adults With Suspected NAFLD in a Population Study. Am J Gastroenterol 2023; 118:1576-1591. [PMID: 36799895 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to determine whether higher levels (volume and intensity) of physical activity (PA) and diet quality (DQ) are associated with better survival rates in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Using data from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 3,548 participants with a Fatty Liver Index ≥60 were included. PA was collected using a wrist-worn triaxial accelerometer and expressed as 2 metrics using Monitor-Independent Movement Summary (MIMS) units: the average of daily MIMS, which represents volume, and peak 30-minute MIMS, which is the average of the highest 30 MIMS min/d and represents intensity. DQ was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2015. Mortality follow-up was recorded using the National Death Index linkage through December 31, 2019. RESULTS Our analyses revealed a dose-dependent, nonlinear association of PA (volume and intensity) with all-cause mortality and a dose-dependent, linear association of DQ with all-cause mortality. The maximum protective dose of PA volume was observed at 14,300 MIMS/min (adj. HR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.11-0.38). The maximum protective dose of PA intensity was observed at 54.25 MIMS/min (adj. HR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.05-0.23), beyond which mortality risks flattened. The Healthy Eating Index-2015 showed its maximum protective effect at 66.17 (adj. HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.40-0.74). Higher PA (volume and intensity) levels were associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular-related but not cancer-related mortality. A healthier diet was linked to a reduced risk of cardiovascular-specific and cancer-specific mortality. Sensitivity analyses showed that the beneficial effects of PA and DQ on survival rates remained significant across sex, racial/ethnic, and age groups as well as in participants without NAFLD. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that higher daily accumulated and peak effort PA and DQ are associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in US adults with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Vilar-Gomez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Raj Vuppalanchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Samer Gawrieh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Francis Pike
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Niharika Samala
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Hashimoto Y, Takahashi F, Okamura T, Hamaguchi M, Fukui M. Diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy for sarcopenia in people with diabetes. Metabolism 2023; 144:155585. [PMID: 37156410 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes prevalence is increasing rapidly in older people, and sarcopenia is prevalent as a novel complication, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, sarcopenia prevention and treatment in these people is necessary. Diabetes accelerates sarcopenia through several mechanisms, such as hyperglycemia, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. The effects of diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy on sarcopenia in patients with T2DM need to be considered. In diet, low intake of energy, protein, vitamin D, and ω-3 fatty acid are associated with sarcopenia risk. In exercises, although intervention studies in people, especially older and non-obese patients with diabetes, are few, accumulating evidence shows the usefulness of exercise, particularly resistance exercise for muscle mass and strength, and aerobic exercise for physical performance in sarcopenia. In pharmacotherapy, certain classes of anti-diabetes compounds have possibility of preventing sarcopenia. However, much data on diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy were obtained in obese and non-elderly patients with T2DM, demanding actual clinical data on non-obese and older patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Hashimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, 5-55 Sotojima-cho, Moriguchi 570-8540, Japan.
| | - Fuyuko Takahashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuro Okamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
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Delgado A, Gonçalves S, Romano A. Mediterranean Diet: The Role of Phenolic Compounds from Aromatic Plant Foods. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040840. [PMID: 36832914 PMCID: PMC9957056 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Today's global food system aggravates climate change while failing in meeting SDG2 and more. Yet, some sustainable food cultures, such as the Mediterranean Diet (MD), are simultaneously safe, healthy, and rooted in biodiversity. Their wide range of fruits, herbs, and vegetables convey many bioactive compounds, often associated with colour, texture, and aroma. Phenolic compounds are largely responsible for such features of MD's foods. These plant secondary metabolites all share in vitro bioactivities (e.g., antioxidants), and some are evidenced in vivo (e.g., plant sterols lower cholesterol levels in blood). The present work examines the role of polyphenols in the MD, with respect to human and planetary health. Since the commercial interest in polyphenols is increasing, a strategy for the sustainable exploitation of Mediterranean plants is essential in preserving species at risk while valuing local cultivars (e.g., through the geographical indication mechanism). Finally, the linkage of food habits with cultural landscapes, a cornerstone of the MD, should enable awareness-raising about seasonality, endemism, and other natural constraints to ensure the sustainable exploitation of Mediterranean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia Delgado
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Gonçalves
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Ed. 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Anabela Romano
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Ed. 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Ruggiero E, Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, Esposito S, De Curtis A, Persichillo M, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L, Bonaccio M. Incremental monounsaturated to saturated fat ratio and fibre consumption is associated with a reduction in a composite score of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors: Prospective results from the Moli-sani study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1697-1704. [PMID: 35906332 PMCID: PMC9336117 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Unsaturated fats, fibre-rich foods and polyphenols are distinctive features of a traditional Mediterranean diet and have pleiotropic properties possibly contributing to reduce the long-term risk of non-communicable diseases and mortality associated with this diet. We aimed to evaluate whether changes over time in dietary fats, fibre and polyphenols consumption are associated with modifications in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. METHODS The analytic sample consists of a sub-cohort of 2023 men and women enrolled in the Moli-sani Study (n = 24,325). Dietary and health data were obtained both at baseline (2005-2010) and at re-examination (2017-2020). The exposures were changes in dietary fats, fibre and polyphenols consumption measured after 12.7 years (median), and the outcome was change in a composite score including 13 modifiable CVD risk factors (e.g., blood lipids, C-reactive protein), measured both at enrolment and after the 12.7 years period. RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted analysis including lifestyles, sociodemographic and clinical factors, an incremental intake of the ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fats or of fibre was associated with a reduction in the composite score of CVD risk factors (β = -0.086; 95%CI -0.150, -0.021 and β = -0.051; 95%CI -0.091, -0.012, respectively). Change in polyphenol intake was not associated with a substantial variation in the CVD risk score (p = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS An incremental consumption over time of monounsaturated versus saturated fats and of fibre was associated with an improvement in modifiable CVD risk factors as reflected by a composite score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Ruggiero
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | | | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Simona Esposito
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Amalia De Curtis
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | | | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | | | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese-Como, Italy.
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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11
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Poulsen W, Christensen K, Dalgård C. Dietary patterns and survival to 100 + years: an empty systematic review of cohort and case–control studies. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:161. [PMID: 35768834 PMCID: PMC9241213 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Centenarians are used as a model of healthy ageing and longevity. Diet is a factor known to affect mortality in middle aged adults and elderly. However, it is unknown whether diet has an impact on survival to 100 + years. The aims of this systematic review were to summarize the evidence on (i) the association between dietary patterns in late adult life and survival to 100 + years and (ii) the common characteristics across dietary patterns that are shown to be positively associated with survival to 100 + years.
Methods
We performed a systematic literature search in MEDLINE and EMBASE, and a hand search at four longevity projects homepages up to 4 June 2021. We searched for cohort and case–control studies investigating the association between dietary patterns and all-cause mortality among individuals aged ≥ 65 years at enrolment regardless of their health status and residence. Studies were excluded if follow-up was performed too soon to allow the population or a subgroup of it to have become 100 + years of age.
Results
Of 3,685 identified records 108 reports were retrieved and full text screened. No studies met our inclusion criteria, thus the review process resulted in no eligible studies found. Hence, no risk of bias assessment and no synthesis of data was performed.
Conclusions
No studies have investigated dietary patterns in late adult life in relation to survival to 100 + years of age. We have observed that as of June 2021 published cohort studies exist investigating all-cause mortality risk from different dietary patterns among the oldest old, but follow-up has been performed before the cohort could have reached 100 years of age. However, cohorts do exist where data on dietary habits in adult life has been collected decades ago and where follow-up in 2022 will allow the participants to have become 100 + years old.
Registration
The review protocol is published at University of Southern Denmark’s Research Portal (Poulsen et al. Dietary Patterns and Survival to 100 + Years: Protocol for a Systematic Review of cohort and case–control studies University of Southern Denmark's Research Portal: University of Southern Denmark, 2021) available at https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/en/publications/kostm%C3%B8nstre-og-overlevelse-til-100-%C3%A5r-protokol-for-en-systematisk. We have specified aim (i) of our research question in this report compared to the protocol, by adding “late” to “adult life”.
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Conde-Pipó J, Valenzuela-Barranco I, López-Moro A, Román-Alconchel B, Mariscal-Arcas M, Zurita-Ortega F. Influence of Alpine Skiing on Health-Related Quality of Life and Physical Self-Concept in Physically Active Adults over 55 Years of Age. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10100153. [PMID: 36287766 PMCID: PMC9607613 DOI: 10.3390/sports10100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Older adults have the highest rates of a sedentary lifestyle. Alpine skiing could be considered a suitable activity to encourage continued sports practice and improve the health of this population in winter. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the practice of alpine skiing and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), physical self-concept (PSC), and sport motivation. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional and descriptive, involving 280 Spanish adults aged over 55 years and physically active (75.35% skiers). To assess physical activity, PSC, HRQoL, and sport motivation, we used the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Questionnaire (RAPA-Q), the Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP 30), the Health-Related Quality of Life (SF-36), and the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) questionnaires, respectively. Results: In the skier’s group, higher values were found for PSC (p < 0.001; d = 0.64), the physical component of HRQoL (p < 0.001, d = 0.48), physical function (p < 0.001, d = 61), and intrinsic motivation (p < 0.001; d = 0.85). The practice of alpine skiing was associated with higher levels of the physical health component (ORadj = 2.13, 95% CI 1.18−3.95, p = 0.013), PSC (ORadj = 2.92, 95% CI 1.58−5.52, p < 0.001), and intrinsic motivation (ORadj = 2.24, 95% CI 1.22−4.23, p = 0.010). Conclusions: The practice of alpine skiing is positively associated with higher values of HRQoL, PSC, and intrinsic motivation, and based on the above, it seems that alpine skiing can contribute to healthy ageing and improve the quality of life of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Conde-Pipó
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro López-Moro
- Department Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Blanca Román-Alconchel
- Department Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Mariscal-Arcas
- Department Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-600-72-62-60
| | - Félix Zurita-Ortega
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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13
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Zyriax BC, Windler E. Lifestyle changes to prevent cardio- and cerebrovascular disease at midlife: A systematic review. Maturitas 2022; 167:60-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Yaghi N, Boulos C, Baddoura R, Abifadel M, Yaghi C. Validity and reliability of a food frequency questionnaire for community dwelling older adults in a Mediterranean country: Lebanon. Nutr J 2022; 21:40. [PMID: 35717319 PMCID: PMC9206140 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) is an easy and inexpensive tool that can be used to evaluate nutrient and dietary trends of groups and individuals. Few studies in the East Mediterranean region tailored FFQs to describe dietary intakes of older adults. The purpose of the study is therefore to assess the validity and reproducibility of a FFQ, designed for use with older adults living in a Mediterranean Arabic speaking country, Lebanon. Methods The FFQ is composed of a list of 90 food items, commonly consumed by adults above 60 years of age. Validity of the FFQ was tested using the mean of two 24-hours dietary recalls (24HDR), and reproducibility, by repeating the questionnaire within a one-month period, along the second dietary recall. Our study included 42 and 76 participants, for the repoducibility and validity analysis respectively. Subjects were randomly selected from 2 of the 8 governorates in the country. Results FFQ reproducibility showed a mean relative difference of 1.03% without any significant difference between all paired components of nutrients. Intra class correlation (ICC) showed good and excellent reliability for caloric intake and all macronutrients, moderate to good reliability for all remaining nutrients, except for poly-unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins A, B12 and fibers. Correlation coefficients for all nutrients were fair to strong. Both administrations of the FFQ showed good internal validity. Validation of FFQ showed a mean relative difference between FFQ and mean 24HDR at 19.5%. Agreements between the 2 methods, for classifying individuals in the same or adjacent quartile, for nutrient intake and nutrient adequacy, were 80 and 78.2% respectively. Mean Kappa coefficient was 0.56 and energy-adjusted correlations were within the recommended values for all items except for vitamin A and B12. Adjusting for nutrient-dense food intake improved the agreement for theses 2 vitamins to 0.49 and 0.56, respectively. Conclusion The proposed FFQ can be considered a valid tool to help describe nutrient intake of older individuals in an Arabic speaking Mediterranean country. It could serve for possible use in the East Mediterranean region for the evaluation of regular dietary intake of community-dwelling older adults. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-022-00788-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Yaghi
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, PO Box: 17-5208 Mar Mikhael, Beirut, 1104 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Christa Boulos
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, PO Box: 17-5208 Mar Mikhael, Beirut, 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Rafic Baddoura
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marianne Abifadel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pôle Technologie-Santé, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Cesar Yaghi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Hotel-Dieu de France University Hospital of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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15
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Dakic T, Jevdjovic T, Vujovic P, Mladenovic A. The Less We Eat, the Longer We Live: Can Caloric Restriction Help Us Become Centenarians? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126546. [PMID: 35742989 PMCID: PMC9223351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Striving for longevity is neither a recent human desire nor a novel scientific field. The first article on this topic was published in 1838, when the average human life expectancy was approximately 40 years. Although nowadays people on average live almost as twice as long, we still (and perhaps more than ever) look for new ways to extend our lifespan. During this seemingly endless journey of discovering efficient methods to prolong life, humans were enthusiastic regarding several approaches, one of which is caloric restriction (CR). Where does CR, initially considered universally beneficial for extending both lifespan and health span, stand today? Does a lifelong decrease in food consumption represent one of the secrets of centenarians’ long and healthy life? Do we still believe that if we eat less, we will live longer? This review aims to summarize the current literature on CR as a potential life-prolonging intervention in humans and discusses metabolic pathways that underlie this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Dakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (T.J.); (P.V.)
| | - Tanja Jevdjovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (T.J.); (P.V.)
| | - Predrag Vujovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (T.J.); (P.V.)
| | - Aleksandra Mladenovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul.D. Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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16
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Conde-Pipó J, Bouzas C, Zurita-Ortega F, Olea-Serrano F, Tur JA, Mariscal-Arcas M. Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet Pattern, Physical Activity, and Physical Self-Concept in Spanish Older Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122404. [PMID: 35745135 PMCID: PMC9229816 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aging world population is accelerating rapidly. Physical self-concept (PSC) is one of the psychosocial factors with the greatest influence on an individual’s well-being and health. The traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) is considered one of the healthiest dietary models, as it is nutritionally complete and easy to follow. Objective: To assess the adherence to MDP and its association with the practice of physical activity (PA) and PSC levels in the older adult Spanish population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative sample of Spanish older adults (n = 342; older than 55 years old). Their PSC was assessed using a previously validated PSC questionnaire. Adherence to an MDP was assessed using a validated Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener questionnaire. Their PA was measured using the Spanish version of the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data on age, sex, hypertension, cholesterol or diabetes suffered in the last 12 months, as well as weight, height, and BMI, were collected. Results: At the lowest levels of PSC, the percentage of individuals who were non-active and non-adhering to the MDP was lower compared to the highest levels (75.0% vs. 19.6; p = 0.001; Cramer’s V = 0.414, and 83.3% vs. 57.9%; p = 0.001; Cramer’s V = 0.221, respectively). This sample showed an abandonment of the most classic habits of the MDP, such as the consumption of olive oil, vegetables, fruits, nuts and fish. Conclusions: Non-adherence to the MDP and low levels of PA are associated with low levels of PSC in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Conde-Pipó
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-P.); (F.Z.-O.)
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Zurita-Ortega
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-P.); (F.Z.-O.)
| | - Fátima Olea-Serrano
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.O.-S.); (M.M.-A.)
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-971-173146; Fax: +34-971-173184
| | - Miguel Mariscal-Arcas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.O.-S.); (M.M.-A.)
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Goshen A, Goldbourt U, Benyamini Y, Shimony T, Keinan-Boker L, Gerber Y. Association of Diet Quality With Longevity and Successful Aging in Israeli Adults 65 Years or Older. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2214916. [PMID: 35648399 PMCID: PMC9161011 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE To our knowledge, the role of overall diet quality in successful aging has not been conclusively demonstrated. OBJECTIVE To prospectively examine the association between diet quality and longevity and successful aging in a population-based cohort of older adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Participants in "Mabat Zahav" (the Israeli National Health and Nutrition Survey of Older Adults), an older adult cohort (aged ≥65 years) consisting of a random sample of 1770 individuals, were recruited from July 2005 to December 2006 (time 1 [T1]). Survivors of T1 were again contacted and asked to participate in a second interview. From May 2017 to June 2019 (time 2 [T2]), an extensive face-to-face interview and a functional assessment were conducted in each participant's home in a subsample of 604 participants from T1, representing 72.7% of 820 surviving individuals who were able to complete interviews and assessments. EXPOSURES A 24-hour dietary recall, assessed at T1, was used to calculate scores from the 2015 version of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) (scores range from 0 [worst diet] to 100 [best diet]). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Time to death, with follow-up lasting through June 2019, and successful aging. The latter, based on T2 assessment, was defined as (objectively measured) preserved physical and cognitive function and (subjective) mental well-being and favorable self-rated health. Inverse probability weighting was used in the analysis to minimize attrition bias. RESULTS At T1, the study included 1770 participants (mean [SD] age, 74.6 [6.2] years; 943 women [53%]). On average, participants with higher HEI-2015 scores had healthier lifestyles and higher socioeconomic status at T1. During a median follow-up duration of 12.6 years (IQR, 7.6-13.2 years), 893 deaths occurred. Among the 596 T2 participants analyzed (mean [SD] age, 84.1 [4.4] years; 334 [56%] women), 242 (40%) met successful aging criteria. After adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle risk factors, a higher HEI-2015 score was inversely associated with mortality (hazard ratios, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72-0.99 in the upper tertile and 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71-0.98 in the middle tertile vs the lower tertile; P = .04 for trend) and was positively associated with successful aging (odds ratios, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.10-2.72 in the upper tertile and 1.30; 95% CI, 0.83-2.03 in the middle tertile vs the lower tertile; P = .03 for trend). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study of older adults in Israel, improved diet quality was associated with increased longevity and successful aging in a dose-dependent manner. These data contribute to the body of literature that suggests diet quality is associated with aging in the older age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Goshen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Goldbourt
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Benyamini
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Shimony
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Lital Keinan-Boker
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yariv Gerber
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Lilian and Marcel Pollak Chair in Biological Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Shirota M, Watanabe N, Suzuki M, Kobori M. Japanese-Style Diet and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102008. [PMID: 35631146 PMCID: PMC9147868 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis elucidate the effects of the Japanese-style diet and characteristic Japanese foods on the mortality risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cerebrovascular disease (stroke), and heart disease (HD). This review article followed the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search in PubMed, The Cochrane Library, JDreamIII, and ICHUSHI Web identified prospective cohort studies on Japanese people published till July 2020. The meta-analysis used a random-effects model, and heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated with I2 statistic and Egger’s test, respectively. Based on inclusion criteria, we extracted 58 articles, including 9 on the Japanese-style diet (n = 469,190) and 49 (n = 2,668,238) on characteristic Japanese foods. With higher adherence to the Japanese-style diet, the pooled risk ratios (RRs) for CVD, stroke, heart disease/ischemic heart disease combined (HD/IHD) mortality were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.77–0.89, I2 = 58%, Egger’s test: p = 0.625, n = 9 studies), 0.80 (95% CI, 0.69–0.93, I2 = 66%, Egger’s test: p = 0.602, n = 6 studies), and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.75–0.88, I2 = 0%, Egger’s test: p = 0.544, n = 6 studies), respectively. Increased consumption of vegetables, fruits, fish, green tea, and milk and dairy products decreased the RR for CVD, stroke, or HD mortality. Increased salt consumption elevated the RR for CVD and stroke mortality. Increased consumption of dietary fiber and plant-derived protein decreased the RR for CVD, stroke, and HD/IHD mortality. The Japanese-style diet and characteristic Japanese foods may reduce CVD mortality. Most studies conducted diet surveys between 1980 and the 1990s. This meta-analysis used articles that evaluated the same cohort study by a different method. A new large-scale cohort study matching the current Japanese dietary habits is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Shirota
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba-shi 305-8642, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Norikazu Watanabe
- Yakujihou Marketing Jimusho Inc., Level 3, Sanno Park Tower, 2-11-1 Nagata-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-6162, Japan; (N.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Masataka Suzuki
- Yakujihou Marketing Jimusho Inc., Level 3, Sanno Park Tower, 2-11-1 Nagata-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-6162, Japan; (N.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Masuko Kobori
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba-shi 305-8642, Ibaraki, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-838-8011
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Dominguez LJ, Barbagallo M. Antiageing strategies. PATHY'S PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF GERIATRIC MEDICINE 2022:1442-1458. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119484288.ch115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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20
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Yuan Y, Lin S, Lin W, Huang F, Zhu P. Modifiable predictive factors and all-cause mortality in the non-hospitalized elderly population: An umbrella review of meta-analyses. Exp Gerontol 2022; 163:111792. [PMID: 35367595 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This umbrella review aimed to summarize the association between modifiable predictive factors and all-cause mortality in the non-hospitalized elderly population, and estimated the credibility and strength of the current evidence. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of science, and EBSCOhost were searched up to February 28, 2022. Random-effect summary effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), heterogeneity, small-study effect, excess significance bias, as well as 95% prediction intervals (PIs) were calculated. Methodological quality was assessed with the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) tool. The credibility of the included meta-analyses was graded from convincing to weak using established criteria. This umbrella review was registered with PROSPERO, CRD 42021282183. RESULTS In total, 32 predictive factors involving 49 associations extracted from 35 meta-analyses were analyzed. Forty-three of the 49 (87.8%) associations presented nominal significant effects by the random-effect model (P < 0.05), of which 34 had harmful associations and nine had beneficial associations with all-cause mortality. Frailty (FRAIL scale), low short physical performance battery (SPPB) score, and fewer daily steps carried a more than three-fold risk for all-cause mortality. Convincing evidence showed that weight fluctuation, prefrailty and frailty status, sarcopenia, low SPPB score, fewer daily steps, and fatigue increased the risk of all-cause mortality, while daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) duration and total physical activity participation reduced the risk of death. There were twenty, nine, five, and six associations that yielded highly suggestive, suggestive, weak, and non-significant grades of evidence. Thirty-four (69.4%) of the associations exhibited significant heterogeneity. Twenty-two associations presented 95% PIs excluding the null value, two indicated small-study effects, and three had evidence for excess significance bias, respectively. The methodological quality of most meta-analyses was rated as low (37.1%) or critically low (42.9%). CONCLUSIONS A summary of the currently available meta-analyses suggests that a broad range of modifiable predictive factors are significantly associated with all-cause mortality risk in the non-hospitalized elderly population. The most credible evidence indicates that physical function represented by frailty and sarcopenia, as well as physical activity, are significant predictors for all-cause mortality. This umbrella review may provide prognostic information to direct appropriate diagnostic evaluation and treatment goals in the future. More solid evidence is still needed coming from moderate-to-high quality meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yuan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Center of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siyang Lin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Center of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Lin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Center of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Center of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Pengli Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Center of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China.
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21
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Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Baiamonte E, Guarrera M, Parisi A, Ruffolo C, Tagliaferri F, Barbagallo M. Healthy Aging and Dietary Patterns. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040889. [PMID: 35215539 PMCID: PMC8879056 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of factors contribute to the complex process of aging, which finally define whether someone will or not develop age-associated chronic diseases in late life. These determinants comprise genetic susceptibility as well as various behavioral, environmental, and dietary factors, all of which have been shown to influence specific pathways regulating the aging process and the extension of life, which makes longevity a multidimensional phenomenon. Although a “miraculous elixir” or a “nutrition pill” are not plausible, researchers agree on the notion that nutritional factors have major impact on the risk of age-associated chronic non-communicable diseases and mortality. In recent years nutrition research in relation to health outcomes has considerably changed from focusing exclusively on single nutrients to considering combinations of foods rather than nutrients in isolation. Although research on specific nutrients is scientifically valid providing crucial evidence on the mechanisms by which nutrition impacts health, the recent switch targeting the multifaceted synergistic interplay among nutrients, other dietary constituents, and whole foods, has promoted emerging interest on the actions of total dietary patterns. This narrative review aims to describe some specific dietary patterns with evidence of associations with reduction in the incidence of chronic diseases allowing older adults to live a long-lasting and healthier life, and confirming the powerful impact nutrition can exert on healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia J. Dominguez
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (F.T.); (M.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-091-655-4828; Fax: +39-091-655-2952
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (F.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Eleonora Baiamonte
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (F.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Martina Guarrera
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (F.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Angela Parisi
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (F.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Chiara Ruffolo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (F.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Federica Tagliaferri
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (F.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (F.T.); (M.B.)
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22
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Zeraattalab-Motlagh S, Jayedi A, Shab-Bidar S. Mediterranean dietary pattern and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:1735-1748. [PMID: 35001218 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous meta-analyses assessed the association of adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Since then, new large-scale cohort studies have been published. In addition, dose-response relation was not previously investigated and the certainty of evidence was not assessed. We aimed to explore the dose-response relationship between adherence to the MedDiet and the risk of T2D. METHODS We did a systematic search using PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science upto April 2021 for prospective cohort studies of the relationship between adherence to the MedDiet and the risk of T2D in the general population. The summary relative risks (RR) and 95%CI were estimated by applying a random-effects model. RESULTS Fourteen prospective cohort studies (410,303 participants and 41,466 cases) were included. There was an inverse association for the highest versus lowest category of adherence to the MedDiet (RR: 0.79, 95%CI 0.72, 0.88; I2 = 82%, n = 14; Risk difference: - 21 per 1000 person, 95%CI - 28, - 12; GRADE = moderate certainty), and for a 2-point increment in the MedDiet adherence score (RR: 0.86, 95%CI 0.82, 0.91; n = 13). The RR remained significant after controlling for important confounders and in almost all subgroups, especially subgroups defined by geographical region. We observed an inverse linear association between MedDiet adherence score and T2D incidence. CONCLUSION Adherence to the MedDiet was inversely related to T2D risk in a dose-response manner. Adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet may be a good advice for the primary prevention of T2D. REGISTRY AND REGISTRY NUMBER PROSPERO (CRD42021246589).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jayedi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
- Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Ruggiero E, Bonaccio M, Costanzo S, Esposito S, Di Castelnuovo A, Carpineta E, Cerletti C, Donati MB, Paolini S, Esposito V, de Gaetano G, Innocenzi G, Iacoviello L. Dietary factors and the risk of lumbar spinal stenosis: A case-control analysis from the PREFACE study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:90-97. [PMID: 34802849 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is a lack of knowledge on the association of dietary factors and Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS). We evaluated the association of a Mediterranean diet (MD), its major food components and ultra-processed food (UPF) with the risk of LSS. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants were recruited from the Neurosurgery Department of the IRCCS Neuromed, Italy. The study sample consisted of 156 cases of LSS, and 312 controls matched 1:2 for sex, age (±6 months) and physical activity, without a history or clinical evidence of LSS who were identified from the general population. Adherence to MD was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Score based on 9 food groups. UPF was defined according to NOVA classification and calculated as the ratio (%) of UPF (g/d) on total food consumed (g/d). In multivariable-adjusted analysis, a 2-point increase in the MD score was not associated with LSS risk (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.72-1.46). An increment of 10 g/d of fruits and nuts, cereals or fish led to lower odds of LSS (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95-0.99; OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.94; OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.76-0.99, respectively). Additionally, 1% increment in the consumption of UPF in the diet was independently associated with higher LSS risk (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04-1.14). CONCLUSION A diet rich in fruits, cereals, fish is associated with lower risk of LSS while a large dietary share of UPF increases the risk of this disease. Further studies with a prospective design and larger sample sizes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Ruggiero
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Simona Esposito
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Paolini
- Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy; Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
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24
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Bacalini MG, Palombo F, Garagnani P, Giuliani C, Fiorini C, Caporali L, Stanzani Maserati M, Capellari S, Romagnoli M, De Fanti S, Benussi L, Binetti G, Ghidoni R, Galimberti D, Scarpini E, Arcaro M, Bonanni E, Siciliano G, Maestri M, Guarnieri B, Martucci M, Monti D, Carelli V, Franceschi C, La Morgia C, Santoro A. Association of rs3027178 polymorphism in the circadian clock gene PER1 with susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease and longevity in an Italian population. GeroScience 2021; 44:881-896. [PMID: 34921659 PMCID: PMC9135916 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many physiological processes in the human body follow a 24-h circadian rhythm controlled by the circadian clock system. Light, sensed by retina, is the predominant “zeitgeber” able to synchronize the circadian rhythms to the light-dark cycles. Circadian rhythm dysfunction and sleep disorders have been associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, we aimed at investigating the genetic variability of clock genes in AD patients compared to healthy controls from Italy. We also included a group of Italian centenarians, considered as super-controls in association studies given their extreme phenotype of successful aging. We analyzed the exon sequences of eighty-four genes related to circadian rhythms, and the most significant variants identified in this first discovery phase were further assessed in a larger independent cohort of AD patients by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. The results identified a significant association between the rs3027178 polymorphism in the PER1 circadian gene with AD, the G allele being protective for AD. Interestingly, rs3027178 showed similar genotypic frequencies among AD patients and centenarians. These results collectively underline the relevance of circadian dysfunction in the predisposition to AD and contribute to the discussion on the role of the relationship between the genetics of age-related diseases and of longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Bacalini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Laboratorio Brain Aging, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavia Palombo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Applied Biomedical Research Center (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy.,CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Fiorini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Caporali
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Sabina Capellari
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Romagnoli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara De Fanti
- Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Arcaro
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Bonanni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Maestri
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Guarnieri
- Center of Sleep Medicine, Villa Serena Hospital and Villaserena Foundation for the Research, Città S. Angelo, Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Morena Martucci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valerio Carelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics (ITMM), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod-National Research University (UNN), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Chiara La Morgia
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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25
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Hidalgo-Liberona N, Meroño T, Zamora-Ros R, Rabassa M, Semba R, Tanaka T, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Andres-Lacueva C, Cherubini A. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet assessed by a novel dietary biomarker score and mortality in older adults: the InCHIANTI cohort study. BMC Med 2021; 19:280. [PMID: 34814922 PMCID: PMC8611910 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary biomarkers may complement dietary intake assessment made by dietary questionnaires. We developed an a-posteriori dietary biomarkers score based on Mediterranean diet food groups and evaluated its association with mortality. METHODS 642 participants (56% female), aged ≥65 years, with complete data on dietary biomarkers were followed during 20 years in the InCHIANTI cohort study (Tuscany, Italy). The main outcomes were all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. Dietary biomarkers were selected from literature and from correlation analyses with dietary intakes of Mediterranean diet food groups in the study. The baseline levels of the following dietary biomarkers were chosen: urinary total polyphenols and resveratrol metabolites, and plasma carotenoids, selenium, vitamin B12, linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, and the mono-unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio. Associations of the Mediterranean diet score using dietary biomarkers and a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (as tertiles) with mortality were assessed through Cox regression. RESULTS During the 20-year follow-up [median (Q1-Q3), 14 (8-18) years], and 435 deaths occurred (139 from cardiovascular diseases and 89 from cancer-related causes). In the fully adjusted models, the dietary biomarker-Mediterranean diet score was inversely associated with all-cause (HRT3vs.T1 0.72; 95%CI 0.56-0.91) and cardiovascular (HRT3vs.T1 0.60; 95%CI 0.38-0.93), but not with cancer mortality. Associations between the FFQ-Mediterranean diet score and mortality were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS A greater adherence at baseline to a Mediterranean diet assessed by a dietary biomarker score was associated with a lower risk of mortality in older adults during a 20-year follow-up. The measurement of dietary biomarkers may contribute to guide individualized dietary counseling to older people. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01331512.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hidalgo-Liberona
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Meroño
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Zamora-Ros
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Rabassa
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Geriatria, Accettazione Geriatrica e Centro di Ricerca per l'invecchiamento, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
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26
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Wu F, Zhuang P, Zhang Y, Zhan C, Zhang Y, Jiao J. Egg and Dietary Cholesterol Consumption and Mortality Among Hypertensive Patients: Results From a Population-Based Nationwide Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:739533. [PMID: 34778336 PMCID: PMC8588794 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.739533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertensive patients are sensitive to the amount of dietary cholesterol intake, especially cholesterol from the whole eggs. Whether whole egg and dietary cholesterol consumption are suitable for hypertensive patients is still controversial. Aim: The objective of the study was to examine the associations of intake of eggs as well as the dietary cholesterol with total mortality in a Chinese nationwide cohort. Methods: We utilized data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from the year of 1991 to 2015. Cumulative averages of egg and cholesterol intake were calculated to represent the consumption of the long-term diet of the participants in each available round of the survey. Cox regression models were employed to estimate the effects of eggs and dietary cholesterol from the different sources on mortality among hypertensive patients. Results: A total of 8,095 participants were included in the final analysis and followed up for a mean of 11.4 years. Finally, 927 cases of death were detected. After adjustment for the multivariate factors, consuming more than seven eggs per week was related to 29% lower mortality among the hypertensive patients compared with the consumers with not more than two eggs per week [hazard ratio (HR): 0.71; 95% CI: 0.59–0.85; P < 0.001]. Similarly, the egg-sourced cholesterol intake was inversely associated with mortality (P = 0.002) whereas intake of the dietary cholesterol from the non-egg sources was significantly related to the higher mortality (P < 0.001). However, total cholesterol intake was not related to mortality among hypertensive patients. Substituting eggs for an equivalent amount of non-egg-sourced protein-abundant foods was also associated with lower mortality. Conclusion: Higher consumption of eggs and egg-sourced dietary cholesterol was associated with lower mortality among the enrolled Chinese hypertensive patients but non-egg-sourced cholesterol intake was related to higher mortality. Therefore, our findings do not support the view that hypertensive patients should avoid whole egg consumption for the purpose of restricting dietary cholesterol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pan Zhuang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiju Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuchu Zhan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity for Successful Aging: An Update for Nutritionists and Endocrinologists. ENDOCRINES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines2040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The constant advancement in the medical field has allowed for the diagnosis and treatment of several health conditions. It has also contributed to increasing the average human lifespan, which is considered an outstanding achievement in history. Nevertheless, the impact of this in an ever-increasing aged population with chronic diseases and, most of the time, with limited and poor quality of life was not considered. Thus, it is imperative to establish strategies to age successfully. In order to do have a better understanding of this crucial issue, this review will analyze the endocrine changes in the elderly. It will present common conditions found in this population, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Additionally, we will explain aging-related metabolic and physical performance decline related to hormone changes and lifestyle modifications. We will propose the Mediterranean diet and some specific guidelines about physical activity as part of the plan to have an active and successful aging process.
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English LK, Ard JD, Bailey RL, Bates M, Bazzano LA, Boushey CJ, Brown C, Butera G, Callahan EH, de Jesus J, Mattes RD, Mayer-Davis EJ, Novotny R, Obbagy JE, Rahavi EB, Sabate J, Snetselaar LG, Stoody EE, Van Horn LV, Venkatramanan S, Heymsfield SB. Evaluation of Dietary Patterns and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2122277. [PMID: 34463743 PMCID: PMC8408672 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance The 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee conducted a systematic review of existing research on diet and health to inform the current Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The committee answered this public health question: what is the association between dietary patterns consumed and all-cause mortality (ACM)? Objective To ascertain the association between dietary patterns consumed and ACM. Evidence Review Guided by an analytical framework and predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria developed by the committee, the US Department of Agriculture's Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) team searched PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase and dual-screened the results to identify articles that were published between January 1, 2000, and October 4, 2019. These studies evaluated dietary patterns and ACM in participants aged 2 years and older. The NESR team extracted data from and assessed risk of bias in included studies. Committee members synthesized the evidence, developed conclusion statements, and graded the strength of the evidence supporting the conclusion statements. Findings A total of 1 randomized clinical trial and 152 observational studies were included in the review. Studies enrolled adults and older adults (aged 17-84 years at baseline) from 28 countries with high or very high Human Development Index; 53 studies originated from the US. Most studies were well designed, used rigorous methods, and had low or moderate risks of bias. Precision, directness, and generalizability were demonstrated across the body of evidence. Results across studies were highly consistent. Evidence suggested that dietary patterns in adults and older adults that involved higher consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grains, unsaturated vegetable oils, fish, and lean meat or poultry (when meat was included) were associated with a decreased risk of ACM. These healthy patterns were also relatively low in red and processed meat, high-fat dairy, and refined carbohydrates or sweets. Some of these dietary patterns also included intake of alcoholic beverages in moderation. Results based on additional analyses with confounding factors generally confirmed the robustness of main findings. Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review, consuming a nutrient-dense dietary pattern was associated with reduced risk of death from all causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laural K. English
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review, Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis (ONGA), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), Alexandria, Virginia
- Panum Group, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jamy D. Ard
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Regan L. Bailey
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Marlana Bates
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review, Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis (ONGA), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), Alexandria, Virginia
- Panum Group, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lydia A. Bazzano
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Carol J. Boushey
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai’i Cancer Center, Honolulu
| | | | - Gisela Butera
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review, Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis (ONGA), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), Alexandria, Virginia
- Panum Group, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Emily H. Callahan
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review, Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis (ONGA), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), Alexandria, Virginia
| | - Janet de Jesus
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC
| | - Richard D. Mattes
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis
- Departments of Nutrition and Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Rachel Novotny
- Nutritional Sciences, Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences Department, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu
| | - Julie E. Obbagy
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review, Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis (ONGA), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), Alexandria, Virginia
| | | | - Joan Sabate
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | | | | | - Linda V. Van Horn
- Nutrition Division, Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sudha Venkatramanan
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review, Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis (ONGA), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), Alexandria, Virginia
- Panum Group, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Steven B. Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge
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Mediterranean Diet and Mortality in People with Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082623. [PMID: 34444786 PMCID: PMC8400615 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of the Mediterranean diet (MD) with mortality among people with a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been systematically examined. Hereby, our objective was to investigate the association of MD with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in people with a history of CVD. We searched five electronic databases including Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to screen eligible studies published before 31 August 2020. A random-effect model was used to examine the association of a 2-unit increment in MD score with the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. We conducted sensitivity and subgroup analyses and examined potential publication bias by Egger’s and Begg’s tests. Seven cohort studies (eight datasets) with a total of 37,879 participants who had a history of CVD were eligible for the main analysis. The pooled hazard ratios were 0.85 (95% CIs: 0.78–0.93; n = 8) for all-cause mortality and 0.91 (95% CIs; 0.82–1.01; n = 4) for cardiovascular mortality for each 2-unit increment in a score of adherence to MD. Subgroup analyses for all-cause mortality showed that the association appeared relatively stronger in Mediterranean areas (HR = 0.76 [0.69–0.83]) than non-Mediterranean areas (HR = 0.95 [0.93–0.98]) and in studies with a shorter duration (HR = 0.75 [0.66–0.84] for <7 years vs. HR = 0.94 [0.91–0.98] for ≥7 years). No evidence of publication bias was observed. The present meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies provided evidence that adherence to MD improved survival in people with a history of CVD.
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Visioli F, Marangoni F, Poli A, Ghiselli A, Martini D. Nutrition and health or nutrients and health? Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 73:141-148. [PMID: 34148498 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1937958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diet is an important contributor to human health and public health bodies are issuing guidelines aimed at favouring healthy food choices. The aim of our paper is to discuss the aspects underlying the concept of nutrient profiles, that is, defining levels of energy, some macronutrients, or salt which should not be exceeded in individual foods, according to the available evidence, to help in understanding to what extent such approach may actually be useful for improving nutrition and quality of life of European consumers. We list several pitfalls and oversimplifications of the current approaches to nutrient profiling and of the dichotomic classification of foods into "healthy" and "unhealthy" products. In view of the current "Facilitating healthier food choices - establishing nutrient profiles" EU initiative, we believe that further debate among all stakeholders is warranted and must consider all the limitations outlined in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,IMDEA-Food, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Daniela Martini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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31
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Dominguez LJ, Di Bella G, Veronese N, Barbagallo M. Impact of Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases and Longevity. Nutrients 2021. [PMID: 34204683 DOI: 10.3390/nu130620208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The average life expectancy of the world population has increased remarkably in the past 150 years and it is still increasing. A long life is a dream of humans since the beginning of time but also a dream is to live it in good physical and mental condition. Nutrition research has focused on recent decades more on food combination patterns than on individual foods/nutrients due to the possible synergistic/antagonistic effects of the components in a dietary model. Various dietary patterns have been associated with health benefits, but the largest body of evidence in the literature is attributable to the traditional dietary habits and lifestyle followed by populations from the Mediterranean region. After the Seven Countries Study, many prospective observational studies and trials in diverse populations reinforced the beneficial effects associated with a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet in reference to the prevention/management of age-associated non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, depression, respiratory diseases, and fragility fractures. In addition, the Mediterranean diet is ecologically sustainable. Therefore, this immaterial world heritage constitutes a healthy way of eating and living respecting the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia J Dominguez
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Di Bella
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Impact of Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases and Longevity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062028. [PMID: 34204683 PMCID: PMC8231595 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The average life expectancy of the world population has increased remarkably in the past 150 years and it is still increasing. A long life is a dream of humans since the beginning of time but also a dream is to live it in good physical and mental condition. Nutrition research has focused on recent decades more on food combination patterns than on individual foods/nutrients due to the possible synergistic/antagonistic effects of the components in a dietary model. Various dietary patterns have been associated with health benefits, but the largest body of evidence in the literature is attributable to the traditional dietary habits and lifestyle followed by populations from the Mediterranean region. After the Seven Countries Study, many prospective observational studies and trials in diverse populations reinforced the beneficial effects associated with a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet in reference to the prevention/management of age-associated non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, depression, respiratory diseases, and fragility fractures. In addition, the Mediterranean diet is ecologically sustainable. Therefore, this immaterial world heritage constitutes a healthy way of eating and living respecting the environment.
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Reduced pulmonary function, low-grade inflammation and increased risk of total and cardiovascular mortality in a general adult population: Prospective results from the Moli-sani study. Respir Med 2021; 184:106441. [PMID: 34004499 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM to investigate the relation of pulmonary function impairment with mortality and the possible mediation by low-grade inflammation in a general adult population. METHODS A prospective investigation was conducted on 14,503 individuals from the Moli-sani study (apparently free from lung disease and acute inflammatory status at baseline; 2005-2010). The 2012 Global Lung Function Initiative percent predicted (% pred) value of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of FVC (FEF25-75) and FEV1 quotient (FEV1Q) index were used. C-reactive protein and blood cell counts were measured and a score of subclinical inflammation (INFLA-score) was calculated. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 8.6y, 503 deaths (28.9% cardiovascular) were ascertained. Total mortality increased by 19% for each decrease in 1 standard deviation of FEV1% pred or FVC% pred (Hazard Ratio:1.19; 95% CI:1.11-1.28 and 1.19; 1.10-1.28, respectively). Comparable findings for FEV1Q (1.30; 1.15-1.47) were observed. A statistically significant increased risk in cardiovascular mortality of 23%, 32% and 49% was observed for 1 standard deviation decrease of FEV1% pred, FVC% pred and FEV1Q, respectively. INFLA-score mediated the association of FEV1% pred and FEV1Q with cardiovascular mortality by 22.3% and 20.1%, respectively. Subjects with FEV1, FVC lower than normal limit showed increased risk both in total and cardiovascular mortality. Abnormal FEF25-75 values were associated with 33% (1.33; 1.02-1.74) total mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS Obstructive lung function impairment was associated with decreased survival. Low-grade inflammation mainly mediated the association of FEV1 with cardiovascular mortality.
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Ruggiero E, Mignogna C, Costanzo S, Persichillo M, Di Castelnuovo A, Esposito S, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L, Bonaccio M. Changes in the consumption of foods characterising the Mediterranean dietary pattern and major correlates during the COVID-19 confinement in Italy: results from two cohort studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:1105-1117. [PMID: 33823720 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1895726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of foods characterising the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) and its major correlates in two Italian population-based cohorts comprising 3161 subjects (mean age 57.7 ± 15.4 y). At population level, 38.8% of participants reported an improvement of diet quality during the first nationwide lockdown. Healthful dietary changes were associated with older age (β = 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.08, 0.73 for 56-65 vs. 18-39 y), greater wealth (β = 0.45; 0.01, 0.89 for >40,000 ≤ 60,000 vs. ≤ 10,000 EUR/y), increased physical activity (β = 0.52; 0.22, 0.81) and reduced body weight (β = 0.36; 0.11, 0.62). Switching to healthy eating was also related to increased consumption of organic (β = 1.24; 0.88, 1.60) and locally-grown food (β = 0.74; 0.51, 0.96). The first Italian lockdown led, in a substantial part of the population, to higher intake of foods characterising a MDP; this was also accompanied by healthier lifestyle and more sustainable food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Ruggiero
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Cristiana Mignogna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | | | | | - Simona Esposito
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | | | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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Russo GL, Siani A, Fogliano V, Geleijnse JM, Giacco R, Giampaoli S, Iacoviello L, Kromhout D, Lionetti L, Naska A, Pellegrini N, Riccardi G, Sofi F, Vitale M, Strazzullo P. The Mediterranean diet from past to future: Key concepts from the second "Ancel Keys" International Seminar. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:717-732. [PMID: 33558092 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The year 2020 celebrated the tenth anniversary of the recognition of the Mediterranean Diet as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee. This event represented a milestone in the history of nutrition, as the Mediterranean diet was the first traditional food practice to receive such award. Since then, a lot has been discussed not only on the beneficial aspects of the Mediterranean diet, but also on its complex role as a lifestyle model that includes a set of skills, knowledge and intercultural dialogue. This process ended up with the recognition in 2019 of Mediterranean diet as a possibly universal model of healthy diet from the EAT-Lancet Commission. These concepts were widely debated at the 2019 "Ancel Keys" International Seminar, held in Ascea (Italy) (for more information see: www.mediterraneandietseminar.org) with the aim to stimulate interest and awareness of a young group of participants on the current problems inherent to the effective implementation of the Mediterranean diet. The present article collects the contributions of several lecturers at the Seminar on key issues such as methodological and experimental approach, sustainability, molecular aspects in disease prevention, future exploitation, without neglecting a historical view of the Seven Countries Study. From the Seminar conclusions emerged a still vibrant and modern role of Mediterranean diet. The years to come will see national and international efforts to reduce the barriers that limit adherence to Mediterranean diet in order to plan for multi-factorial and targeted interventions that would guide our populations to a sustainable healthy living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luigi Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Siani
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food Quality Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna M Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rosalba Giacco
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Giampaoli
- Former director of the Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Daan Kromhout
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lillà Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Androniki Naska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Nicoletta Pellegrini
- Food Quality Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Strazzullo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Dietary patterns and intrinsic capacity among community-dwelling older adults: a 3-year prospective cohort study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3303-3313. [PMID: 33598774 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The WHO has proposed a novel model of healthy aging called intrinsic capacity (IC). However, the association between dietary patterns and IC is unclear. We aimed to investigate the prospective associations between dietary patterns and IC trajectories over a 3-year period in community-dwelling Japanese adults aged ≥ 60 years. METHODS A prospective cohort study which contained nutritional status, mental status, and physical function was used. A validated 34-item food frequency questionnaire was used to determine dietary intake and to derive five dietary patterns ("fruits and vegetables", "sugar and fat", "salt and pickles", "noodle and alcohol", and "protein-rich") using principal component analysis. The composite IC score was calculated as the mean of the locomotion Z-score, cognition Z-score, psychological Z-score, vitality Z-score, and sensory regression score. A generalized estimating equation was applied for longitudinal analysis. RESULTS A total of 666 enrollees were included in the analysis. The mean baseline IC was 0.07 ± 0.47. The "fruits and vegetables" dietary pattern was positively associated with composite IC score changes after adjusting for confounders (Q4 vs. Q1: mean difference [0.069], P = 0.019). Similarly, a positive correlation was observed for the "protein-rich" dietary pattern with the composite IC score changes (Q4 vs. Q1: mean difference [0.092], Q3 vs. Q1: mean difference [0.101], Q2 vs. Q1: mean difference [0.083]; all P < 0.01). However, adherence to the "sugar and fat" dietary pattern was negatively associated with composite IC score changes (Q4 vs. Q1: mean difference [- 0.072], P = 0.026). Furthermore, the percentage of animal protein to total protein intake showed a significant incremental trend in the "protein-rich" dietary pattern (P for trend < 0.001). CONCLUSION The "fruits and vegetables" and "protein-rich" (animal-based protein in particular) dietary patterns were positively associated with IC changes, whereas the "sugar and fat" dietary pattern was negatively associated with IC changes. Identification and promotion of healthy dietary patterns in older adults may inform future health policies and research.
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Vitale M, Giacco R, Laiola M, Della Pepa G, Luongo D, Mangione A, Salamone D, Vitaglione P, Ercolini D, Rivellese AA. Acute and chronic improvement in postprandial glucose metabolism by a diet resembling the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern: Can SCFAs play a role? Clin Nutr 2021; 40:428-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Dominguez LJ, Baiamonte E, Guarrera M, Parisi A, Tagliaferri F, Barbagallo M. Dietary Patterns and Healthy Ageing. HEALTHY AGEING AND LONGEVITY 2021:301-314. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83017-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Mazza E, Ferro Y, Pujia R, Mare R, Maurotti S, Montalcini T, Pujia A. Mediterranean Diet In Healthy Aging. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:1076-1083. [PMID: 34725664 PMCID: PMC8442641 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The World elderly population is expected to double before 2050. Unhealthy habits and unhealthy lifestyles are commonly associated with age-related diseases or their worsening. Modification in daily lifestyle and diet may help preventing age-related diseases onset and efficiently affecting their evolution, thus promoting the Healthy Aging process, concept recently coined to describe the disease-free aging process. This review highlights the role of nutrition science in promoting healthy aging. Since the Mediterranean Model demonstrated to be a useful style in supporting healthy aging, promotion of this correct lifestyle by health policies seems to be the best approach to achieve this target.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mazza
- Elisa Mazza, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy. E-mail: , telephone numbers: +3909613697231
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40
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The role of diet in secondary stroke prevention. Lancet Neurol 2020; 20:150-160. [PMID: 33347806 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Poor quality diet and nutrition is strongly associated with risk of first stroke, and adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet has been reported to reduce the risk of first stroke. The association between diet quality and the risk of recurrent stroke is less certain and there is no reliable evidence that improving diet quality or dietary supplementation reduces recurrent stroke risk. Current evidence is largely based on epidemiological studies of diverse dietary approaches, ranging from nutritional supplements to specific foods, food groups, and dietary patterns, and is difficult to interpret. In the absence of reliable evidence from randomised clinical trials, the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach can be used to assess the potential causal role of diet quality and interventions in reducing recurrent stroke, and to provide guidance for clinical practice and directions for future research. Further work is needed to identify and develop the most promising dietary interventions for evaluation by large randomised clinical trials.
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Bracale R, Vaccaro CM, Coletta V, Cricelli C, Gamaleri FC, Parazzini F, Carruba M. Nutrition behaviour and compliance with the Mediterranean diet pyramid recommendations: an Italian survey-based study. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:1789-1798. [PMID: 31705447 PMCID: PMC7581569 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Adopting a Mediterranean-like dietary pattern may help in preventing several chronic diseases. We assessed the eating behaviour and compliance with the Mediterranean diet pyramid recommendations in Italy. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted in subjects aged ≥ 20 years. A 14-question survey based on the updated Mediterranean diet pyramid was launched online from April 2015 to November 2016. At test completion, a personalized pyramid displaying the possible deficiencies and/or excesses was generated, that could be the basis to plan diet and lifestyle modifications. RESULTS Overall, 27,540 subjects completed the survey: the proportion of females (75.6%), younger subjects (20.7%) and people with a University degree (33.1%) resembled those of the Italian population of Internet users rather than of the general population. 37.8% of participants declared a sedentary lifestyle, including 29.6% of those aged 20-29 years. A lower-than-recommended intake of all food categories included in the Mediterranean diet pyramid, along with excess of sweets, red and processed meats, emerged, that may affect health in the long term. Low adherence to recommendations was observed especially among females and older people. Notably, a discrepancy surfaced between the responders' perceived and actual behaviour toward the regular consumption of fruits and vegetables (81.8% vs 22.7-32.8%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The nutritional habits and lifestyle of Italian participants are poorly adherent to the Mediterranean diet recommendations. The personalized pyramid tool may help in raising the awareness of individuals and their families on where to intervene, possibly with the support of healthcare professionals, to improve their behaviour. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Bracale
- Department of Medicine and Sciences for Health, Molise University, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Cricelli
- Società Italiana di Medicina Generale e delle Cure Primarie Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Parazzini
- Dipartimento di scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Carruba
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Center for the Study and Research on Obesity, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Ribeiro SML, Fernandez SSM, Rogero MM. Nutrition and Diabetes in the Context of Inflammaging. CURRENT GERIATRICS REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13670-020-00338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Nutrition Management in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Review on the Importance of Shifting Prevention Strategies from Metabolic Syndrome to Frailty. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113367. [PMID: 33139628 PMCID: PMC7693664 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of older adults with diabetes has become a major social burden. Diabetes, frailty, and cognitive dysfunction are closely related to the mechanisms of aging. Insulin resistance, arteriosclerosis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction may be common mechanisms shared by frailty and cognitive impairment. Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, obesity, vascular factors, physical inactivity, and malnutrition are important risk factors for cognitive impairment and frailty in older adults with diabetes. The impact of nutrients on health outcomes varies with age; thus, shifting diet therapy strategies from the treatment of obesity/metabolic syndrome to frailty prevention may be necessary in patients with diabetes who are over 75 years of age, have frailty or sarcopenia, and experience malnutrition. For the prevention of frailty, optimal energy intake, sufficient protein and vitamin intake, and healthy dietary patterns should be recommended. The treatment of diabetes after middle age should include the awareness of proper glycemic control aimed at extending healthy life expectancy with proper nutrition, exercise, and social connectivity. Nutritional therapy in combination with exercise, optimal glycemic and metabolic control, and social participation/support for frailty prevention can extend healthy life expectancy and maintain quality of life in older adults with diabetes mellitus.
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Jalilpiran Y, Darooghegi Mofrad M, Mozaffari H, Bellissimo N, Azadbakht L. Adherence to dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean dietary patterns in relation to cardiovascular risk factors in older adults. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 39:87-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Abstract
Objective: To prospectively evaluate the association of three dietary patterns: the MIND (Mediterranean-DASH diet intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) diet; a Mediterranean-type diet and a traditional diet, with all-cause mortality over a 12-year period in an older sample. Design: A longitudinal birth cohort study. We ascertained dietary patterns using FFQ data at baseline (2004–2007) and mortality using linkage data. Cox regression was used to estimate mortality hazard ratios (HR) with adjustment for confounders. Setting: The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) study in Edinburgh, Scotland. Participants: Dietary patterns were ascertained in 882 participants, mean age 69·5 (±0·8) years, at baseline. During the 12-year follow-up (to October 2019), 206 deaths occurred. Results: In the basic-adjusted model, all three dietary patterns were significantly associated with mortality, the MIND diet and Mediterranean-type diet with a lower risk and the traditional diet with a higher risk. In fully adjusted models, MIND diet score was inversely related to all-cause mortality (HR 0·88; 95 % CI 0·79, 0·97) such that the risk of death was reduced by 12 % per unit increase in MIND diet score. Participants in the top compared with the bottom third of MIND diet score had a 37 % lower risk of death (HR 0·63; 95 % CI 0·41, 0·96). No significant associations with the Mediterranean-type or traditional dietary patterns were observed in the final multivariate model. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that closer adherence to the MIND diet is associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality, over 12 years of follow-up, and may constitute a valid public health recommendation for prolonged survival.
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An updated systematic review and meta-analysis on adherence to mediterranean diet and risk of cancer. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1561-1586. [PMID: 32770356 PMCID: PMC7987633 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of current systematic review was to update the body of evidence on associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and risk of cancer mortality, site-specific cancer in the general population; all-cause, and cancer mortality as well as cancer reoccurrence among cancer survivors. Methods A literature search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case–control and cohort studies published up to April 2020 was performed using PubMed and Scopus. Study-specific risk estimates for the highest versus lowest adherence to the MedDiet category were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. Certainty of evidence from cohort studies and RCTs was evaluated using the NutriGrade scoring system. Results The updated search revealed 44 studies not identified in the previous review. Altogether, 117 studies including 3,202,496 participants were enclosed for meta-analysis. The highest adherence to MedDiet was inversely associated with cancer mortality (RRcohort: 0.87, 95% CI 0.82, 0.92; N = 18 studies), all-cause mortality among cancer survivors (RRcohort: 0.75, 95% CI 0.66, 0.86; N = 8), breast (RRobservational: 0.94, 95% CI 0.90, 0.97; N = 23), colorectal (RRobservational: 0.83, 95% CI 0.76, 0.90; N = 17), head and neck (RRobservational: 0.56, 95% CI 0.44, 0.72; N = 9), respiratory (RRcohort: 0.84, 95% CI 0.76, 0.94; N = 5), gastric (RRobservational: 0.70, 95% CI 0.61, 0.80; N = 7), bladder (RRobservational: 0.87, 95% CI 0.76, 0.98; N = 4), and liver cancer (RRobservational: 0.64, 95% CI 0.54, 0.75; N = 4). Adhering to MedDiet did not modify risk of blood, esophageal, pancreatic and prostate cancer risk. Conclusion In conclusion, our results suggest that highest adherence to the MedDiet was related to lower risk of cancer mortality in the general population, and all-cause mortality among cancer survivors as well as colorectal, head and neck, respiratory, gastric, liver and bladder cancer risks. Moderate certainty of evidence from cohort studies suggest an inverse association for cancer mortality and colorectal cancer, but most of the comparisons were rated as low or very low certainty of evidence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02346-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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How to protect both health and food system sustainability? A holistic 'global health'-based approach via the 3V rule proposal. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:3028-3044. [PMID: 32758320 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002000227x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define a generic diet to protect human health and food system sustainability based on three dimensions: animal:plant ratio, degree of food processing and food diversity. DESIGN/SETTING The percentages of maximum animal and ultra-processed energy content were evaluated from scientific papers (Web of Science database) and reports from international scientific institutions. Then, a weekly French standard diet, including these percentages and food diversity (≥42 different foods), was designed to calculate adequacy to nutritional needs. RESULTS Based on traditional and scientifically based healthy diets, and on foresight scenarios for sustainable diets at horizon 2050, a median daily animal energy content intake of 15 % was found to be protective towards both human health and environment. Based on epidemiological studies associating ultra-processed energy consumption with increased overweight/obesity risk, a precautionary threshold of approximately 15 % ultra-processed energy content was observed. The French diet allows addressing all nutritional needs and other nutritional indicators such as maximum salt and simple sugar consumption, α-linolenic acid:linoleic acid ratio and essential amino acids. This diet was named the '3V rule' for Végétal (plant), Vrai (real) and Varié (varied, if possible organic, local and seasonal). This generic diet can be adapted according to regional traditions and environmental characteristics. Excluding only one dimension of it would threaten both health and food system sustainability. CONCLUSIONS Tending towards a 3V-based diet, while respecting local constraints, should allow preserving human health, environment (greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, deforestation, etc.), small farmers, animal welfare and biodiversity, culinary traditions and socioeconomics (including an alleviation of public health cost).
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Miller V, Webb P, Micha R, Mozaffarian D. Defining diet quality: a synthesis of dietary quality metrics and their validity for the double burden of malnutrition. Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4:e352-e370. [PMID: 32800153 PMCID: PMC7435701 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Achieving most of the UN Sustainable Development Goals requires a strong focus on addressing the double burden of malnutrition, which includes both diet-related maternal and child health (MCH) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Although, the most optimal dietary metric for assessing malnutrition remains unclear. Our aim was to review available global dietary quality metrics (hereafter referred to as dietary metrics) and evidence for their validity to assess MCH and NCD outcomes, both separately and together. A systematic search of PubMed was done to identify meta-analyses or narrative reviews evaluating validity of diet metrics in relation to nutrient adequacy or health outcomes. We identified seven dietary metrics aiming to address MCH and 12 for NCDs, no dietary metrics addressed both together. Four NCD dietary metrics (Mediterranean Diet Score, Alternative Healthy Eating Index, Healthy Eating Index, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) had convincing evidence of protective associations with specific NCD outcomes, mainly mortality, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and total cancer. The remaining NCD dietary metrics and all MCH dietary metrics were not convincingly validated against MCH or NCD health outcomes. None of the dietary metrics had been validated against both MCH and NCD outcomes. These findings highlight major gaps in assessing and addressing diet to achieve global targets and effective policy action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Miller
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Patrick Webb
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Renata Micha
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Foscolou A, D’Cunha NM, Naumovski N, Tyrovolas S, Chrysohoou C, Rallidis L, Polychronopoulos E, Matalas AL, Sidossis LS, Panagiotakos D. The association between the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and successful aging: An analysis of the ATTICA and MEDIS (MEDiterranean Islands Study) epidemiological studies. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 89:104044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Winkens LHH, Elstgeest LEM, van Strien T, Penninx BWJH, Visser M, Brouwer IA. Does food intake mediate the association between mindful eating and change in depressive symptoms? Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:1532-1542. [PMID: 31957621 PMCID: PMC10200545 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019003732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine mediation by (i) diet quality and (ii) diet quantity in the associations of mindful eating domains with 3-year change in depressive symptoms. DESIGN Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale at baseline and 3-year follow-up. Four mindful eating domains (Focused Eating; Eating in response to Hunger and Satiety Cues; Eating with Awareness; Eating without Distraction) were measured with the Mindful Eating Behavior Scale. Food intake was measured with a 238-item FFQ. Diet quality was defined as the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Diet quantity was defined as total energy intake (kcal/d; 1 kcal = 4·184 kJ). Mediation analyses with percentile-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals were conducted to calculate indirect effects. SETTING Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 55 years or above (n 929). RESULTS Diet quality (MDS) did not mediate associations of any of the four mindful eating domains with change in depressive symptoms. In contrast, total energy intake did mediate the associations with change in depressive symptoms for the mindful eating domains Eating with Awareness (indirect effects fully adjusted models: B = -0·014, 95 % CI -0·037, -0·002) and Eating without Distraction (B = -0·013, 95 % CI -0·033, -0·001), but not for the other two domains. Post hoc multiple mediation analyses showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS Higher scores on two mindful eating domains were associated with a decrease in depressive symptoms through lower total energy intake. Diet quantity, but not diet quality, could be a possible underlying mechanism in the associations between mindful eating and change in depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- LHH Winkens
- Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles Chair Group, Wageningen University & Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - LEM Elstgeest
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T van Strien
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - BWJH Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - IA Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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