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Finlay-Jones AL, Ang JE, Brook J, Lucas JD, MacNeill LA, Mancini VO, Kottampally K, Elliott C, Smith JD, Wakschlag LS. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Early Irritability as a Transdiagnostic Neurodevelopmental Vulnerability to Later Mental Health Problems. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:184-215. [PMID: 36863413 PMCID: PMC10460834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Irritability is a transdiagnostic indicator of child and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems that is measurable from early life. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the strength of the association between irritability measured from 0 to 5 years and later internalizing and externalizing problems, to identify mediators and moderators of these relationships, and to explore whether the strength of the association varied according to irritability operationalization. METHOD Relevant studies published in peer-reviewed, English-language journals between the years 2000 and 2021 were sought from EMBASE, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ERIC. We synthesized studies that included a measure of irritability within the first 5 years of life and reported associations with later internalizing and/or externalizing problems. Methodological quality was assessed using the JBI-SUMARI Critical Appraisal Checklist. RESULTS Of 29,818 identified studies, 98 met inclusion criteria, with a total number of 932,229 participants. Meta-analysis was conducted on 70 studies (n = 831,913). Small, pooled associations were observed between infant irritability (0-12 months) and later internalizing (r = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.09, 0.20) and externalizing symptoms (r = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.11, 0.21) symptoms. For toddler/preschool irritability (13-60 months), small-to-moderate pooled associations were observed for internalizing (r = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.14, 0.28) and externalizing (r = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.18, 0.29) symptoms. These associations were not moderated by the lag between irritability and outcome assessment, although the strength of the associations varied according to irritability operationalization. CONCLUSION Early irritability is a consistent transdiagnostic predictor of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence. More work is required to understand how to accurately characterize irritability across this developmental period, and to understand mechanisms underlying the relationship between early irritability and later mental health problems. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as living with a disability. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. STUDY PREREGISTRATION INFORMATION Early irritability as a transdiagnostic neurodevelopmental vulnerability to early onset mental health problems: A systematic review; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; CRD42020214658.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Finlay-Jones
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia; Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia; University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia.
| | | | - Juliet Brook
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Catherine Elliott
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia; Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia
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Riquelme I, Hatem SM, Sabater-Gárriz Á, Montoya P. A multidimensional investigation of the relationship between skin-mediated somatosensory signals, emotion regulation and behavior problems in autistic children. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1227173. [PMID: 37662109 PMCID: PMC10470890 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1227173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autistic children may have abnormal sensory perception, emotion dysregulation and behavior problems. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the relationship between skin-mediated somatosensory signals and emotion/behavior difficulties in autistic children and adolescents, in comparison typically developing peers (TDP). Methods Thirty-eight autistic children and adolescents and 34 TDP completed a multidimensional assessment consisting of the measurement of somatosensory thresholds of touch, pain and temperature, a task on emotion knowledge and parent-reported questionnaires on sensory reactivity, emotion regulation and behavior. Results Autistic children had higher pain sensitivity, less sensory reactive behaviors and more behavior problems than their TDP. In contrast to TDP, several somatosensory thresholds of autistic children correlated with emotion regulation and behavior problems. Discussion Sensory dysfunction may affect the development of emotional processing and behavior in autistic children and adolescents. This knowledge can lay the foundation for future studies on co-occurring alterations in corresponding neural networks and for the implementation of early interventions, including sensory rehabilitation therapy, for promoting regulated behaviors in autistic children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Riquelme
- Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Samar M. Hatem
- Faculty of Medicine, STIMULUS Research Group (reSearch and TeachIng neuroModULation Uz bruSsel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Álvaro Sabater-Gárriz
- Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Balearic ASPACE Foundation, Marratxí, Spain
| | - Pedro Montoya
- Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
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Johnson SB, Voegtline KM, Ialongo N, Hill KG, Musci RJ. Self-control in first grade predicts success in the transition to adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1358-1370. [PMID: 35068406 PMCID: PMC9308826 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Childhood self-control has been linked with better health, criminal justice, and economic outcomes in adulthood in predominately white cohorts outside of the United States. We investigated whether self-control in first grade predicted success in the transition to adulthood in a longitudinal cohort of first graders who participated in a universal intervention trial to prevent poor achievement and reduce aggression in Baltimore schools. We also explored whether the intervention moderated the relationship between self-control and young adult outcomes. Teachers rated self-control using the Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation-Revised. Study outcomes were on-time high school graduation, college participation, teen pregnancy, substance use disorder, criminal justice system involvement, and incarceration (ages 19-26). Latent profile analysis was used to identify classes of childhood self-control. A high self-control class (n = 279, 48.1%), inattentive class (n = 201, 35.3%), and inattentive/hyperactive class (n = 90, 16.6%) were identified. Children with better self-control were more likely to graduate on time and attend college; no significant class differences were found for teen pregnancy, substance use disorder, criminal justice system involvement, or incarceration. A classroom-based intervention reduced criminal justice system involvement and substance use disorder among children with high self-control. Early interventions to promote child self-control may have long-term individual and social benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B. Johnson
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health
| | - Kristin M. Voegtline
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health
| | - Nicholas Ialongo
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health
| | - Karl G. Hill
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Institute of Behavioral Science
| | - Rashelle J. Musci
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health
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Raghunathan RS, Musci RJ, Knudsen N, Johnson SB. What children do while they wait: The role of self-control strategies in delaying gratification. J Exp Child Psychol 2023; 226:105576. [PMID: 36343433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Self-control plays an essential role in children's emotional and behavioral adjustment. A central behavioral indicator of self-control is the ability to delay gratification. Few studies have focused on understanding the heterogeneity of self-control behaviors that underlie children's ability to delay gratification. Therefore, we examined the role of spontaneous self-control behaviors (fidgeting, vocalizations, and anticipation/attentional focus toward a reward) in relation to 5-year old children's delay ability using Mischel's delay task (N = 144; Mage = 5.4 years, SD = 0.29). Latent mixture modeling was used to derive three distinct classes of self-control behaviors observed during the delay task: (1) Passive (low fidgeting, low vocalizations, but moderate anticipation), (2) Active (moderate fidgeting, moderate vocalizations, but high anticipation), and (3) Disruptive (high fidgeting, high vocalizations, and high anticipation). Children in the Passive class were more likely to delay the full task time compared with children in the Active class (odds ratio = 1.50, 95 % confidence interval = 1.28-1.81). There were no other differences in delay ability by self-control class. Children whose level of fidgeting and vocalizations matched their level of anticipation (i.e., Passive and Disruptive regulators) were able to delay more successfully than children who were mostly driven by anticipation (Active regulators). Some variation in children's delay ability and use of self-control strategies was explained by sociodemographic differences, specifically maternal age. Findings suggest probing processes underlying children's self-control to identify potential targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika S Raghunathan
- Department of General Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Rashelle J Musci
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Nicole Knudsen
- Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sara B Johnson
- Department of General Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Castellano-Tejedor C, Pérez LM, Soto-Bagaria L, Risco E, Mazo MV, Gómez A, Salvador D, Yanguas J, Enfedaque MB, Morandi A, Font M, Davey V, Inzitari M. Correlates to psychological distress in frail older community-dwellers undergoing lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:516. [PMID: 35739478 PMCID: PMC9223249 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03072-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study identifies correlates of the lockdown’s psychological distress in frail older community-dwellers (Catalonia, Spain). Methods Participants from a community frailty intervention program, with a comprehensive geriatric assessment within the 12-months pre-lockdown and COVID-19 free during the first pandemic wave (March–May 2020), underwent a phone assessment past the lockdown to assess COVID-19-related emotional distress (DME) as well as other sociodemograhic, clinical and psychosocial factors. Results Of the 94 frail older adults (age = 82,34 ± 6,12 years; 68,1% women; 38,3% living alone), 84,9% were at risk of experiencing moderate-to-high psychological distress, according to the backward stepwise logistic regression model obtained (χ2 = 47,007, p < 0,001, Nagelkerke R2 = 0,528), based on the following factors: absence of depressive symptoms before lockdown (OR = 0,12, p = 0,014, 95%CI[0,023–0,647]), not carrying out leisure activities during lockdown (OR = 0,257, p = 0,023, 95%CI[0,079–0,832]) and currently experiencing high malaise due to COVID-19 situation (OR = 1,504, p < 0,001, 95%CI[1,241–1,822]). Discussion These findings suggest that it is necessary to favour a prior overall health status and to empower frail older community-dwellers in the use of a broad repertoire of coping strategies in the face of adversity to foster mental health and keep at bay the potential emotional impact of the situation generated by the COVID pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmina Castellano-Tejedor
- Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Area of Intermediate Care, REFiT BCN Research Group, Gregal 0, 08030, Barcelona, Spain. .,RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group. Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research and Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona, Spain. .,GIES Research Group, Basic Psychology Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Laura M Pérez
- Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Area of Intermediate Care, REFiT BCN Research Group, Gregal 0, 08030, Barcelona, Spain.,RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group. Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research and Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Soto-Bagaria
- Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Area of Intermediate Care, REFiT BCN Research Group, Gregal 0, 08030, Barcelona, Spain.,RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group. Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research and Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Risco
- Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Area of Intermediate Care, REFiT BCN Research Group, Gregal 0, 08030, Barcelona, Spain.,RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group. Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research and Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Victoria Mazo
- RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group. Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research and Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona, Spain.,Primary Healthcare Center Barceloneta, Atenció Primària Pere Virgili, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Gómez
- Primary Healthcare Center Bordeta-Magòria, Institut Català de La Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Javier Yanguas
- Programa de Mayores. Fundación "La Caixa", Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alessandro Morandi
- RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group. Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research and Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona, Spain.,Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariona Font
- RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group. Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research and Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Davey
- RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group. Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research and Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Inzitari
- Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Area of Intermediate Care, REFiT BCN Research Group, Gregal 0, 08030, Barcelona, Spain.,RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group. Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research and Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
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Perry NB, Dollar JM. Measurement of Behavioral Emotion Regulation Strategies in Early Childhood: The Early Emotion Regulation Behavior Questionnaire (EERBQ). CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:779. [PMID: 34572211 PMCID: PMC8467461 DOI: 10.3390/children8090779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Early Emotion Regulation Behavior Questionnaire (EERBQ) assesses children's emotion regulation (ER) behavioral strategies in both positive and negative emotional contexts. Psychometric properties and factor structure were tested in a sample of caregivers across the United States (N = 362) with children ages 2-6 years-old (56% male; 73% White). Findings suggest that the EERBQ is psychometrically sound and correlates with other well-established measures of children's socioemotional functioning. Previously, researchers have only been able to assess children's emotional behavioral regulatory strategies in a laboratory setting. Thus, use of the EERBQ addresses a critical gap in the current literature by providing researchers and practitioners with an instrument to measure young children's early emotional functioning outside of a laboratory context. This is particularly salient because early difficulty regulating emotions is often a precursor to persistent adverse developmental outcomes. Thus, the ability to easily to collect rich and predictive behavioral regulation data is imperative for early identification and treatment of youths' emotional and behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole B. Perry
- Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jessica M. Dollar
- Kinesiology and Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA;
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7
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Emotion regulation and coping with racial stressors among African Americans across the lifespan. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2021.100967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Oorloff S, Rooney R, Baughman N, Kane R, McDevitt M, Bryant A. The Impact of the Aussie Optimism Program on the Emotional Coping of 5- to 6-Year-Old Children. Front Psychol 2021; 12:570518. [PMID: 34456775 PMCID: PMC8385210 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.570518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research indicates that mental health disorders can occur in children as young as 4 years of age, prompting the need for prevention programs for young children. The ability to use healthy strategies to cope with emotions is a protective factor against mental health disorders that can be effectively taught to children from an early age. The current study used a pre-test post-test cluster randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of the new Aussie Optimism: I Spy Feelings Program. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of the program on children’s emotional coping. The program included content on emotion regulation strategies, focusing on the emotions of happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and worry. The participants were 73 children (intervention = 33; control = 40) from pre-primary classes. Four schools were cluster randomized to the intervention or control group, resulting in two schools in each condition. Parents completed measures of their children’s emotional coping with sadness, anger and worry. Children in the intervention group participated in ten sessions of the I Spy Feelings Program, spread over 5 weeks. The results indicated a significant, small to moderate intervention effect for coping with anger. Children in the control group decreased in their ability to cope with anger, while children in the intervention group remained stable. No intervention effects were found for coping with sadness or worry, with results for these emotions staying stable across time for both groups. This pilot study will inform the further development of the program. The effects of the program on coping with anger provide support for the use of emotion regulation strategies in intervention programs to maintain healthy emotional coping, which is a protective factor against internalizing and externalizing disorders in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Oorloff
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rosanna Rooney
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Natalie Baughman
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robert Kane
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Maryanne McDevitt
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Aidan Bryant
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Fooladvand M, Nadi MA, Abedi A, Sajjadian I. Parenting styles for children with oppositional defiant disorder: Scope review. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2021; 10:21. [PMID: 33688530 PMCID: PMC7933704 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_566_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral and emotional problems are the most common form of child psychiatric pathology. Parenting styles are one of the factors affecting the formation of children's personality and the use of inefficient styles can lead to several negative consequences such as behavioral problems. The aim of the present article is to describe a variety of parenting styles and their relationship with children behavioral problems. The present study reviews a variety of parenting styles including Kazdin's Parent Management Education Model, Barclay's Parent Training Program, Adler and Dreikurs Approach, and Positive Parenting Program. Finally, based on reality theory, parenting is neglected to be one of those styles. Therefore, it is imperative to do a research based on reality theory with existential psychotherapy and with the view that everyone chooses to behave, external pressure is always an imposition, the children learn from their mistakes, and everyone is responsible for his own happiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Fooladvand
- Department of Educational Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Nadi
- Department of Educational Psychology, School of Education and Psychology and Community Health Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Abedi
- Department of Psychology and Education of Children with Special Needs, School of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ilnaz Sajjadian
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Developmental cascades to children's conduct problems: The role of prenatal substance use, socioeconomic adversity, maternal depression and sensitivity, and children's conscience. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:85-103. [PMID: 30704548 DOI: 10.1017/s095457941800144x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the longitudinal associations among prenatal substance use, socioeconomic adversity, parenting (maternal warmth, sensitivity, and harshness), children's self-regulation (internalization of rules and conscience), and conduct problems from infancy to middle childhood (Grade 2). Three competing conceptual models including cascade (indirect or mediated), additive (cumulative), and transactional (bidirectional) effects were tested and compared. The sample consisted of 216 low-income families (primary caretaker and children; 51% girls; 74% African American). Using a repeated-measures, multimethod, multi-informant design, a series of full panel models were specified. Findings primarily supported a developmental cascade model, and there was some support for additive effects. More specifically, maternal prenatal substance use and socioeconomic adversity in infancy were prospectively associated with lower levels of maternal sensitivity. Subsequently, lower maternal sensitivity was associated with decreases in children's conscience in early childhood, and in turn, lower conscience predicted increases in teacher-reported conduct problems in middle childhood. There was also a second pathway from sustained maternal depression (in infancy and toddlerhood) to early childhood conduct problems. These findings demonstrated how processes of risk and resilience collectively contributed to children's early onset conduct problems.
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11
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Korbut S, Hedley D, Chetcuti L, Sahin E, Nuske HJ. Temperament predicts challenging behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder at age 5. RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS 2020; 71:101492. [PMID: 35633756 PMCID: PMC9137884 DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Challenging behaviors during early childhood have a significant impact on cognitive and social development. The present study aimed to identify the developmental predictors of these behaviors in preschool aged children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at 2-year follow-up. We examined temperament, which has been identified as key to emotion regulation in typical development, as well as developmental level and ASD symptom severity, as potential predictors of parent-reported challenging behavior. METHOD Forty-three parents of preschool aged children with ASD from a previous study were invited to participate. Data from 26 children with ASD aged 4-6 years (M = 5, SD = .60) were available for follow-up analyses. Developmental level, ASD symptom severity, and temperamental difficulty at baseline were considered as potential predictors of frequency and severity of challenging behavior at follow-up. RESULTS Baseline negative affectivity was uniquely predictive of frequency of challenging behavior at follow-up. Although no individual variable was identified as a unique predictor of variance, the combined effects of temperament were predictive of the severity of challenging behavior at follow-up, contributing to 46 % of variance in scores. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the potential impact of emotion-regulation related aspects of temperament on later emerging challenging behavior in young children with ASD, suggesting opportunities for early intervention. Results also identified a role for developmental level in the severity of challenging behavior, but suggest that the effect may be metered by temperament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Korbut
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, VIC, Australia
| | - Darren Hedley
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, VIC, Australia
| | - Lacey Chetcuti
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, VIC, Australia
| | - Ensu Sahin
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, VIC, Australia
| | - Heather J. Nuske
- Penn Center for Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
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Qiu N, Tang C, Zhai M, Huang W, Weng J, Li C, Xiao X, Fu J, Zhang L, Xiao T, Fang H, Ke X. Application of the Still-Face Paradigm in Early Screening for High-Risk Autism Spectrum Disorder in Infants and Toddlers. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:290. [PMID: 32582594 PMCID: PMC7290044 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can currently be diagnosed at the age of 2 years, age at ASD diagnosis is still 40 months or even later. In order to early screening for ASD with more objective method, behavioral videos were used in a number of studies in recent years. Method: The still-face paradigm (SFP) was adopted to measure the frequency and duration of non-social smiling, protest behavior, eye contact, social smiling, and active social engagement in high-risk ASD group (HR) and typical development group (TD) (HR: n = 45; TD: n = 43). The HR group was follow-up until they were 2 years old to confirm final diagnosis. Machine learning methods were used to establish models for early screening of ASD. Results: During the face-to-face interaction (FF) episode of the SFP, there were statistically significant differences in the duration and frequency of eye contact, social smiling, and active social engagement between the two groups. During the still-face (SF) episode, there were statistically significant differences in the duration and frequency of eye contact and active social engagement between the two groups. The 45 children in the HR group were reclassified into two groups after follow-up: five children in the N-ASD group who were not meet the criterion of ASD and 40 children in the ASD group. The results showed that the accuracy of Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification was 83.35% for the SF episode. Conclusion: The use of the social behavior indicator of the SFP for a child with HR before 2 years old can effectively predict the clinical diagnosis of the child at the age of 2 years. The screening model constructed using SVM based on the SF episode of the SFP was the best. This also proves that the SFP has certain value in high-risk autism spectrum disorder screening. In addition, because of its convenient, it can provide a self-screening mode for use at home. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-OPC-17011995.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Qiu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuangao Tang
- School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyao Zhai
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanqing Huang
- College of Telecommunications & Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiao Weng
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junli Fu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Ting Xiao
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ke
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Ha J, Jun HJ, Shin H, Chung IJ, Park E, Min SK, Kim E. Predicting Behavior Problems in Korean Preschoolers: Interactions of the SLC6A4 Gene and Maternal Negative Affectivity. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 17:200-210. [PMID: 30905120 PMCID: PMC6478087 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2019.17.2.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate whether maternal negative affectivity (MNA) moderates the effect of genetic polymorphism of SLC6A4 on behavior problems in children. Methods Study participants comprised 143 preschoolers and their mothers from South Korea. The Childhood Behavior Checklist and Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability adult scale were used to measure child behavior and maternal affectivity. DNA from saliva was genotyped to determine serotonin transporter polymorphism. Results MNA appeared to exert effects in externalizing (b=5.78, p<0.001) and internalizing problems (b=6.09, p< 0.001). Interaction between SLCA4 polymorphism and MNA showed effects on externalizing (b=−7.62, p<0.01) and internalizing problems (b=−9.77, p<0.01). Children with two short alleles showed considerable differences in both externalizing and internalizing problems according to MNA; however, children with one short allele or none showed relatively few differences in behavior problems due to maternal affectivity. Conclusion The effect of SLC6A4 polymorphism on child behavior seemed to be moderated by MNA. In addition, the impact of MNA was found to vary based on a child’s genetic risk. High MNA may trigger the risk allele while low MNA causes the risk allele to illicit less behavior problems. Children with two short variants of the SLC6A4 gene may benefit from intervention that modulates MNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghee Ha
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Hey Jung Jun
- Department of Child and Family Studies, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University
| | - Hyewon Shin
- Department of Child Studies, Seokyeong University
| | | | - Eunmie Park
- Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Jangsin University
| | - Sung Kil Min
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyoja Geriatric Hospital
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
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14
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Nuske HJ, Hedley D, Tseng CH, Begeer S, Dissanayake C. Emotion Regulation Strategies in Preschoolers with Autism: Associations with Parent Quality of Life and Family Functioning. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 48:1287-1300. [PMID: 29192379 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Children with autism experience challenges with emotion regulation. It is unclear how children's management of their emotions is associated with their family's quality of life. Forty-three preschoolers with autism and 28 typically developing preschoolers were coded on emotion regulation strategies used during low-level stress tasks. Parents reported on their quality of life and family functioning, and their child's internalizing and externalizing behaviors. More externalizing behaviors across groups and use of two emotion regulation strategies (self-soothing, deep exhalation) in the autism group predicted lower family quality of life. Findings suggest that children's emotional outbursts and reduced use of passive comforting strategies are linked to lower family quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Joy Nuske
- Center for Mental Health Policy and Services Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Darren Hedley
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chen Hsiang Tseng
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sander Begeer
- Section Clinical Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cheryl Dissanayake
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Torrisi R, Arnautovic E, Pointet Perizzolo VC, Vital M, Manini A, Suardi F, Gex-Fabry M, Rusconi Serpa S, Schechter DS. Developmental delay in communication among toddlers and its relationship to caregiving behavior among violence-exposed, posttraumatically stressed mothers. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2018; 82:67-78. [PMID: 29754762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to understand if maternal interpersonal violence-related posttraumatic stress disorder (IPV-PTSD) is associated with delayed language development among very young children ("toddlers"). METHODS Data were collected from 61 mothers and toddlers (ages 12-42 months, mean age = 25.6 months SD = 8.70). Child expressive and receptive language development was assessed by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) communication subscale (ASQCS) that measures language acquisition. Observed maternal caregiving behavior was coded from videos of 10-min free-play interactions via the CARE-Index. Correlations, Mann-Whitney tests, and multiple linear regression were performed. RESULTS There was no significant association between maternal IPV-PTSD severity and the ASQCS. Maternal IPV-PTSD severity was associated with continuous maternal behavior variables (i.e. sensitive and controlling behavior on the CARE-Index) across the entire sample and regardless of child gender. Maternal sensitivity was positively and significantly associated with the ASQCS. Controlling behavior was negatively and significantly associated with the ASQCS. CONCLUSIONS Results are consistent with the literature that while maternal IPV-PTSD severity is not associated with child language delays, the quality of maternal interactive behavior is associated both with child language development and with maternal IPV-PTSD severity. Further study is needed to understand if the level of child language development contributes to intergenerational risk or resilience for relational violence and/or victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Torrisi
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Arnautovic
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V C Pointet Perizzolo
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Vital
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Manini
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Suardi
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Gex-Fabry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Rusconi Serpa
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D S Schechter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York Langone University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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16
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Olson SL, Davis-Kean P, Chen M, Lansford JE, Bates JE, Pettit GS, Dodge KA. Mapping the Growth of Heterogeneous Forms of Externalizing Problem Behavior Between Early Childhood and Adolescence:A Comparison of Parent and Teacher Ratings. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 46:935-950. [PMID: 29488107 PMCID: PMC6124305 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We compared long-term growth patterns in teachers' and mothers' ratings of Overt Aggression, Covert Aggression, Oppositional Defiance, Impulsivity/inattention, and Emotion Dysregulation across developmental periods spanning kindergarten through grade 8 (ages 5 to 13 years). We also determined whether salient background characteristics and measures of child temperament and parenting risk differentially predicted growth in discrete categories of child externalizing symptoms across development. Participants were 549 kindergarten-age children (51% male; 83% European American; 17% African American) whose problem behaviors were rated by teachers and parents each successive year of development through 8th grade. Latent growth curve analyses were performed for each component scale, contrasting with an overall index of externalizing, in a piecewise fashion encompassing two periods of development: K-1and grades 1-8. Our findings showed that there were meaningful differences and similarities between informants in their levels of concern about specific forms of externalizing problems, patterns of change in problem behavior reports across development, and in the extent to which their ratings of specific problems were associated with distal and proximal covariates. Thus, these data provided novel information about issues that have received scant empirical attention and have important implications for understanding the development and prevention of children's long-term externalizing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl L Olson
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Pamela Davis-Kean
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Meichu Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Callear A, Harvey ST, Bimler D, Catto N. Profiling children's emotion regulation behaviours. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 36:540-556. [PMID: 29460430 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Callear, Harvey, and Bimler (2016, International Journal of Behavioral Development, 41, 456) organized children's emotion regulation behaviours into a coherent structure. However, further investigation is needed to identify core patterns of these emotion regulation behaviours. To identify clusters and prototypal constellations of emotion regulation behaviours, the 85 behavioural items comprising the Children's Emotion Regulation Inventory (ChERI) were ranked by 151 parents in order of applicability, using an ordinal sorting procedure (Method of Successive Sorts). Responses were aggregated in empirical scales, for classification of the cases using hierarchical and k-means clustering. The scales were based on nine key 'hotspots' of children's emotion regulation behaviours, interpreted as Outward Engagement, Inward or Somatic Focus, Disengagement, Disruptive, Impulsive/Labile, Social Connectedness/Compliance, Generating Closeness/Intimacy, Establishing Order and Generating Disorder. Five summary styles of children's emotion regulation emerged and are characterized on those scales. These hotspots and styles provide guidance to clinicians, parents, teachers, and other invested adults to assess and support children's emotional development. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Measurements of children's emotion regulation predominantly focus on internal processes and/or isolated expressions of emotion regulation behaviours. Research detailing anger and anxiety emotion regulation styles exists (e.g., Carthy, Horesh, Apter, & Gross, 2010, Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32, 23; Zalewski, Lengua, Wilson, Trancik, & Bazinet, 2011, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 110, 141). Callear, Harvey, and Bimler (2016, International Journal of Behavioral Development, 41, 456) developed the Children's Emotion Regulation Inventory to identify children's observable emotion regulation strategies. What does this study add? Research does not investigate which clusters of children's emotion regulation behaviours are most commonly exhibited and nor does it investigate emotion regulation behavioural styles. Examines how children's emotion regulation behaviours co-occur. Identifies nine core clusters (groupings) of emotion regulation behaviours most commonly observed to be exhibited in children. Identifies five emotion regulation behavioural styles (common co-occurring patterns of emotion regulation behaviour clusters) in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Callear
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Massey, New Zealand
| | - Shane T Harvey
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Massey, New Zealand
| | - David Bimler
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Massey, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas Catto
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Massey, New Zealand
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18
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Cole PM, Jacobs AE. From children's expressive control to emotion regulation: Looking back, looking ahead. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 15:658-677. [PMID: 30899314 PMCID: PMC6424503 DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2018.1438888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In 1984, Carolyn Saarni published an important cross-sectional study on the development of children's expressive control. That paper, as with much of her early work, presaged interest in the development of emotion regulation and of the efforts to understand emotion regulation both in typical and at risk children. In this paper, we look back on Dr. Saarni's work on expressive control and studies that used her creative disappointment task. We discuss conclusions from that work and how this germinal work on expressive control contributed to the study of the broader concept of emotion regulation. We look ahead to the next steps that carry this line of research forward contributing to the development of emotional competence and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M Cole
- Child Study Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Amber E Jacobs
- Child Study Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
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19
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Caughy MO, Peredo TN, Owen MT, Mills B. Gender differences in the relation between mothering behaviors and child-behavior problems among Hispanic preschoolers. Dev Psychol 2016; 52:592-8. [PMID: 27010364 DOI: 10.1037/a0040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This is a report of an examination of gender differences in behavior problems and a prediction of their changes from 2.5 to 3.5 years from mothering qualities among 209 low-income Hispanic children. Externalizing behaviors declined over this time somewhat more for girls than for boys. Fewer externalizing behavior problems at age 3.5 were correlated with more supportive and less intrusive mothering at 2.5, but only for boys, and increases in externalizing behavior among boys were uniquely predicted by greater maternal intrusiveness. Implications for understanding parental control factors among Hispanic families are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Britain Mills
- Dallas Regional Campus, University of Texas School of Public Health
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20
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Lugo-Candelas CI, Harvey EA, Breaux RP. Emotion Socialization Practices in Latina and European American Mothers of Preschoolers with Behavior Problems. JOURNAL OF FAMILY STUDIES 2015; 21:144-162. [PMID: 27042157 PMCID: PMC4813662 DOI: 10.1080/13229400.2015.1020982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined mothers' emotion socialization of 3-year-old children with behavior problems, to determine whether emotion socialization practices, as well as the relation between these practices and child functioning, varied across ethnicities. Participants were 134 preschoolers with behavior problems. Mothers were European American (n = 96) and Latina American (n = 38; predominately Puerto Rican). Audiotaped mother-child interactions were coded for emotion socialization behaviors. Latina and European American mothers used similar emotion socialization practices on most dimensions. Latina mothers were more likely to minimize or not respond to their children's negative affect. However, this difference did not appear to have ramifications for children. This study provided evidence for both differences and similarities across ethnicities on emotion socialization practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth A Harvey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - Rosanna P Breaux
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst
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21
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Gust N, Petermann F, Koglin U. [Knowledge of emotion-regulation strategies in preschool children from German and immigrant families]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2014; 42:315-23. [PMID: 25163994 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated whether children with and without migration background differed in their assessment of the effectiveness of presented behavioral and mental strategies, and in the generation of effective behavioral and mental emotion-regulation strategies (knowledge of emotion regulation strategies). METHOD A sample of N = 210 children (age 36-72 months) with and without migration background was compared in their knowledge of emotion-regulation strategies. RESULTS RESULTS show that the age has the greatest influence on the knowledge of emotion-regulation strategies in preschoolers. After statistical controlling for language skills, we show that immigrant background explained a significant part of the variance of effective presented by behavioral strategies. The effect of migration background on other strategies, however, is not significant. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that other factors besides migration background plays a role in the development of parts of knowledge of emotion-regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gust
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation, Universität Bremen
| | - Franz Petermann
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation, Universität Bremen
| | - Ute Koglin
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation, Universität Bremen
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22
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Morris N, Keane S, Calkins S, Shanahan L, O’Brien M. Differential Components of Reactivity and Attentional Control Predicting Externalizing Behavior. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 35:121-127. [PMID: 27076694 PMCID: PMC4827267 DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Morris
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA, Phone +1(404) 944-2669; Fax +1(336) 256-0029
| | - S. Keane
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA, Phone +1(404) 944-2669; Fax +1(336) 256-0029
| | - S. Calkins
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA, Phone +1(404) 944-2669; Fax +1(336) 256-0029
| | - L. Shanahan
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA, Phone +1(404) 944-2669; Fax +1(336) 256-0029
| | - M. O’Brien
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA, Phone +1(404) 944-2669; Fax +1(336) 256-0029
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Abstract
AbstractIn this paper, I propose a roadmap for the integration of culture in developmental psychopathology. This integration is pressing because culture continues to be somewhat disconnected from theory, research, training, and interventions in developmental psychopathology, thus limiting our understanding of the epigenesis of mental health. I argue that in order to successfully integrate culture into developmental psychopathology, it is crucial to (a) study cultural development, (b) consider both individual-level and social-level cultural processes, (c) examine the interplay between culture and biology, and (d) promote improved and direct cultural assessment. I provide evidence in support of each of these guidelines, present alternative conceptual frameworks, and suggest new lines of research. Hopefully, that these directions will contribute to the emerging field of cultural development and psychopathology, which focuses on the elucidation of the cultural processes that initiate, maintain, or derail trajectories of normal and abnormal behavior.
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Olson SL, Sameroff AJ, Lansford JE, Sexton H, Davis-Kean P, Bates JE, Pettit GS, Dodge KA. Deconstructing the externalizing spectrum: growth patterns of overt aggression, covert aggression, oppositional behavior, impulsivity/inattention, and emotion dysregulation between school entry and early adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 2013; 25:817-42. [PMID: 23880394 PMCID: PMC3805118 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579413000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether five subcomponents of children's externalizing behavior showed distinctive patterns of long-term growth and predictive correlates. We examined growth in teachers' ratings of overt aggression, covert aggression, oppositional defiance, impulsivity/inattention, and emotion dysregulation across three developmental periods spanning kindergarten through Grade 8 (ages 5-13 years). We also determined whether three salient background characteristics, family socioeconomic status, child ethnicity, and child gender, differentially predicted growth in discrete categories of child externalizing symptoms across development. Participants were 543 kindergarten-age children (52% male, 81% European American, 17% African American) whose problem behaviors were rated by teachers each successive year of development through Grade 8. Latent growth curve analyses were performed for each component scale, contrasting with overall externalizing, in a piecewise fashion encompassing three developmental periods: kindergarten-Grade 2, Grades 3-5, and Grades 6-8. We found that most subconstructs of externalizing behavior increased significantly across the early school age period relative to middle childhood and early adolescence. However, overt aggression did not show early positive growth, and emotion dysregulation significantly increased across middle childhood. Advantages of using subscales were most clear in relation to illustrating different growth functions between the discrete developmental periods. Moreover, growth in some discrete subcomponents was differentially associated with variations in family socioeconomic status and ethnicity. Our findings strongly affirmed the necessity of adopting a developmental approach to the analysis of growth in children's externalizing behavior and provided unique data concerning similarities and differences in growth between subconstructs of child and adolescent externalizing behavior.
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25
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Perry NB, Calkins SD, Nelson JA, Leerkes EM, Marcovitch S. Mothers' responses to children's negative emotions and child emotion regulation: the moderating role of vagal suppression. Dev Psychobiol 2012; 54:503-13. [PMID: 22072217 PMCID: PMC3290722 DOI: 10.1002/dev.20608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the moderating effect of children's cardiac vagal suppression on the association between maternal socialization of negative emotions (supportive and nonsupportive responses) and children's emotion regulation behaviors. One hundred and ninety-seven 4-year-olds and their mothers participated. Mothers reported on their reactions to children's negative emotions and children's regulatory behaviors. Observed distraction, an adaptive self-regulatory strategy, and vagal suppression were assessed during a laboratory task designed to elicit frustration. Results indicated that children's vagal suppression moderated the association between mothers' nonsupportive emotion socialization and children's emotion regulation behaviors such that nonsupportive reactions to negative emotions predicted lower observed distraction and lower reported emotion regulation behaviors when children displayed lower levels of vagal suppression. No interaction was found between supportive maternal emotion socialization and vagal suppression for children's emotion regulation behaviors. Results suggest physiological regulation may serve as a buffer against nonsupportive emotion socialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole B. Perry
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Susan D. Calkins
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Jackie A. Nelson
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas
| | - Esther M. Leerkes
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Stuart Marcovitch
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
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26
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Predicting social functioning in children with a cochlear implant and in normal-hearing children: the role of emotion regulation. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 76:883-9. [PMID: 22459035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to compare children with a cochlear implant and normal hearing children on aspects of emotion regulation (emotion expression and coping strategies) and social functioning (social competence and externalizing behaviors) and the relation between emotion regulation and social functioning. METHODS Participants were 69 children with cochlear implants (CI children) and 67 normal hearing children (NH children) aged 1.5-5 years. Parents answered questionnaires about their children's language skills, social functioning, and emotion regulation. Children also completed simple tasks to measure their emotion regulation abilities. RESULTS Cochlear implant children had fewer adequate emotion regulation strategies and were less socially competent than normal hearing children. The parents of cochlear implant children did not report fewer externalizing behaviors than those of normal hearing children. While social competence in normal hearing children was strongly related to emotion regulation, cochlear implant children regulated their emotions in ways that were unrelated with social competence. On the other hand, emotion regulation explained externalizing behaviors better in cochlear implant children than in normal hearing children. While better language skills were related to higher social competence in both groups, they were related to fewer externalizing behaviors only in cochlear implant children. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that cochlear implant children have less adequate emotion-regulation strategies and less social competence than normal hearing children. Since they received their implants relatively recently, they might eventually catch up with their hearing peers. Longitudinal studies should further explore the development of emotion regulation and social functioning in cochlear implant children.
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Dollar JM, Stifter CA. Temperamental surgency and emotion regulation as predictors of childhood social competence. J Exp Child Psychol 2012; 112:178-94. [PMID: 22414737 PMCID: PMC4329969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The primary aims of the current study were to longitudinally examine the direct relationship between children's temperamental surgency and social behaviors as well as the moderating role of children's emotion regulation. A total of 90 4.5-year-old children participated in a laboratory visit where children's temperamental surgency was rated by experimenters and children's emotion regulation abilities were assessed. The summer before entry into first grade, children's social behaviors with unfamiliar peers were observed in the laboratory and mothers completed a questionnaire about children's social behaviors. Supporting our hypotheses, results revealed that children high in temperamental surgency developed more negative peer behaviors, whereas children low in temperamental surgency were more likely to develop behavioral wariness with peers. Emotion regulatory behaviors were found to moderate the relation between temperamental surgency and aggression, where high-surgent children who showed high levels of social support seeking were less likely to be rated by their mothers as high in aggression. Furthermore, results revealed that low-surgent children who showed high levels of distraction/self-soothing were more likely to show behavioral wariness around unfamiliar peers, whereas high-surgent children who used more distraction/self-soothing behaviors were rated by their mothers as lower in social competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Dollar
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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28
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Park IJK, Kim PY. The Role of Self-Construals in the Link Between Anger Regulation and Externalizing Problems in Korean American Adolescents: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model. J Clin Psychol 2012; 68:1339-59. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.21878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Chang H, Shelleby EC, Cheong J, Shaw DS. Cumulative Risk, Negative Emotionality, and Emotion Regulation as Predictors of Social Competence in Transition to School: A Mediated Moderation Model. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2011.00648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Association of maternal interaction with emotional regulation in 4- and 9-month infants during the Still Face Paradigm. Infant Behav Dev 2012; 35:295-302. [PMID: 22217393 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study used the Still Face Paradigm to investigate the relationship of maternal interaction on infants' emotion regulation responses. Seventy infant-mother dyads were seen at 4 months and 25 of these same dyads were re-evaluated at 9 months. Maternal interactions were coded for attention seeking and contingent responding. Emotional regulation was described by infant stress reaction and overall positive affect. Results indicated that at both 4 and 9 months mothers who used more contingent responding interactions had infants who showed more positive affect. In contrast, mothers who used more attention seeking play had infants who showed less positive affect after the Still Face Paradigm. Patterns of stress reaction were reversed, as mothers who used more attention seeking play had infants with less negative affect. Implications for intervention and emotional regulation patterns over time are discussed.
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Cole PM, Tan PZ, Hall SE, Zhang Y, Crnic KA, Blair CB, Li R. Developmental changes in anger expression and attention focus: learning to wait. Dev Psychol 2011; 47:1078-89. [PMID: 21639619 PMCID: PMC3134567 DOI: 10.1037/a0023813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Being able to wait is an essential part of self-regulation. In the present study, the authors examined the developmental course of changes in the latency to and duration of target-waiting behaviors by following 65 boys and 55 girls from rural and semirural economically strained homes from ages 18 months to 48 months. Age-related changes in latency to and duration of children's anger expressions and attention focus (e.g., self-initiated distraction) during an 8-min wait for a gift were found. On average, at 18 and 24 months of age, children were quick to react angrily and slower to shift attention away from the desired object than they were at later ages. Over time, children were quicker to distract themselves. By 36 months, distractions occurred before children expressed anger, and anger expressions were briefer. At 48 months, children typically made a quick bid to their mothers about having to wait before distracting themselves; on average, they did not appear angry until the latter half of the wait. Unexpectedly, children bid to their mothers as much at age 48 months as they had at 18 months; however, bids became less angry as children got older. Developmental changes in distraction and bidding predicted age-related changes in the latency to anger. Findings are discussed in terms of the neurocognitive control of attention around age 30 months, the limitations of children's self-regulatory efforts at age 48 months, and the importance of fostering children's ability to forestall, as well as modulate, anger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M Cole
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Stifter CA, Dollar JM, Cipriano EA. Temperament and emotion regulation: the role of autonomic nervous system reactivity. Dev Psychobiol 2011; 53:266-79. [PMID: 21400489 PMCID: PMC3737744 DOI: 10.1002/dev.20519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the moderating role of parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system functioning on the relationship between child temperament and emotion regulation. Sixty-two 4.5-year olds (31 females) were rated by their parents on temperamental surgency. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and pre-ejection period (PEP) were measured at baseline and in reaction to an interaction with an unfamiliar person and a cognitive test. The preschoolers' ability to self-regulate emotion was assessed in response to a disappointment. Results revealed little or no PEP reactivity to the unfamiliar person to be related to poorer emotion regulation for children high in surgency, indicating that the lack of sympathetic activation may be a risk factor for behavioral maladjustment. Reciprocal sympathetic activation, or increases in sympathetic activity accompanied by decreases in parasympathetic activity, was associated with better regulation of emotion for all levels of temperamental surgency supporting previous work that reciprocal activation is an adaptive form of autonomic control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica M. Dollar
- The Pennsylvania State University University, Park, PA, United States
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Lawrence SA, Troth AC, Jordan PJ, Collins AL. A Review of Emotion Regulation and Development of a Framework for Emotion Regulation in the Workplace. RESEARCH IN OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AND WELL-BEING 2011. [DOI: 10.1108/s1479-3555(2011)0000009010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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