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Huang H, Yang B, Yu R, Ouyang W, Tong J, Le Y. Very high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol may be associated with higher risk of cognitive impairment in older adults. Nutr J 2024; 23:79. [PMID: 39020341 PMCID: PMC11253464 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are positively associated with cognitive function across a range of concentrations. However, recent studies have suggested that very high HDL-C levels may lead to poorer outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between different concentrations of HDL-C and cognitive impairment risk. METHODS We collected data from 3632 participants aged over 60 years from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2014 to assess the relationship between HDL-C and cognitive function. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) test, the animal fluency test (AFT), and the digit symbol substitution test (DSST). We used restricted cubic spline models and logistic regression to examine the association between HDL-C and cognitive function. RESULTS A U-shaped was observed between HDL-C and cognitive outcomes, individuals with higher risk in those with both low and very high HDL-C levels compared with those with midrange values. Very high HDL-C levels (≥ 2.50 mmol/L) were associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment (OR = 2.19; 95% CI, 1.12-4.28) compared with those with HDL-C levels in the range of 1.50 to 1.99 mmol/L in older adults after adjustment for confounding factors. Interaction test demonstrated that relationship between very high HDL-C and the risk of cognitive impairment was not changed in different sex and race group (P for interaction > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Very high HDL-C levels were associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. HDL-C may not be a protective factor for maintaining brain health in older adults at very high levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Renhe Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Brain Homeostasis, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianbin Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Brain Homeostasis, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Le
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Brain Homeostasis, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Staniek M, Kapelski P, Zakowicz P, Rajewska-Rager A, Wasicka-Przewozna K, Skibinska M. High-Density Lipoprotein Correlates with Cognitive Functioning in Schizophrenic Women. Brain Sci 2024; 14:699. [PMID: 39061439 PMCID: PMC11275118 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic and progressive neuropsychiatric illness. Apart from positive and negative symptoms, 98% of the population diagnosed with schizophrenia have impaired cognitive functioning, which significantly influences the quality of life. The correlation between lipids and cognitive functioning has been well established. Our study aimed to investigate correlations between cognitive functions, the severity of schizophrenia symptoms, and lipid profiles. (2) Methods: Fifty-two women diagnosed with schizophrenia participated in this study. Cognitive functioning was measured using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) was used. The serum lipid profile, including low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), and triglycerides was measured. (3) Results: Better cognitive functions were associated with normal HDL levels, while low HDL levels correlated with worse WSCT scores. Only the PANSS negative subscale showed a correlation with HDL levels. Correlations with chronicity of schizophrenia and the patient's age with poorer cognitive functions, but not with symptom severity, were detected. Early/late age at onset did not influence WSCT scores. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest high HDL levels might be a protective factor against cognitive impairment. The influences of age and illness duration also play a vital role in cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawel Kapelski
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Maria Skibinska
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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3
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Smith HM, Ng HK, Moodie JE, Gadd DA, McCartney DL, Bernabeu E, Campbell A, Redmond P, Taylor A, Page D, Corley J, Harris SE, Tay D, Deary IJ, Evans KL, Robinson MR, Chambers JC, Loh M, Cox SR, Marioni RE, Hillary RF. Methylome-wide studies of six metabolic traits. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.29.24308103. [PMID: 38853823 PMCID: PMC11160850 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.24308103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Exploring the molecular correlates of metabolic health measures may identify the shared and unique biological processes and pathways that they track. Here, we performed epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) of six metabolic traits: body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, waist-hip ratio (WHR), and blood-based measures of glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and total cholesterol. We considered blood-based DNA methylation (DNAm) from >750,000 CpG sites in over 17,000 volunteers from the Generation Scotland (GS) cohort. Linear regression analyses identified between 304 and 11,815 significant CpGs per trait at P<3.6×10-8, with 37 significant CpG sites across all six traits. Further, we performed a Bayesian EWAS that jointly models all CpGs simultaneously and conditionally on each other, as opposed to the marginal linear regression analyses. This identified between 3 and 27 CpGs with a posterior inclusion probability ≥ 0.95 across the six traits. Next, we used elastic net penalised regression to train epigenetic scores (EpiScores) of each trait in GS, which were then tested in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936; European ancestry) and Health for Life in Singapore (HELIOS; Indian-, Malay- and Chinese-ancestries). A maximum of 27.1% of the variance in BMI was explained by the BMI EpiScore in the subset of Malay-ancestry Singaporeans. Four metabolic EpiScores were associated with general cognitive function in LBC1936 in models adjusted for vascular risk factors (Standardised βrange: 0.08 - 0.12, PFDR < 0.05). EpiScores of metabolic health are applicable across ancestries and can reflect differences in brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Smith
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hong Kiat Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Joanna E. Moodie
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Danni A. Gadd
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel L. McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elena Bernabeu
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adele Taylor
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Danielle Page
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janie Corley
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah E. Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Darwin Tay
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kathryn L. Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matthew R. Robinson
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - John C. Chambers
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marie Loh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Riccardo E. Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert F. Hillary
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Nayak U, Dsouza NV, Rai PVS, Achappa B, Holla R, Murlimanju BV. Cardiovascular risk factors and carotid intima-media thickness with neurocognitive dysfunction in people living with HIV on stable combination anti-retroviral therapy. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:77. [PMID: 38371905 PMCID: PMC10869320 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The goal of this clinical research was to determine the relationship between carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), cardiovascular risk factors, and neuro-cognitive function in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and were on stable combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART). This is a cross-sectional study performed at a single center, including 149 patients who visited the anti-retroviral therapy center of our tertiary care hospital. Among the PLHIV of our research, 62.4% had at least one associated cardiovascular risk factor, and 61.1% of them had abnormally high cIMT (≥ 0.9 mm on any one side, p = 0.035). These factors and being the male gender (p = 0.028) were associated with a greater Framingham 10-year risk percentage. Hypercholesterolemia was observed in 30.9% of the PLHIV and a higher body mass index (≥ 25 kg/m2) was found in 26.8% of them. The cognitive impairment was milder in 71.8% of cases and moderate in 9.4% of PLHIV. The Chi-square test revealed that a higher proportion of participants who had lower HDL-C levels (p = 0.045), smokers (p = 0.029), systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg (p = 0.012), and lower educational status (p = 0.017) had a poorer cognitive performance. In our sample population, a higher prevalence of elevated cIMT, cardiovascular risk factors, and mild and moderate cognitive deficiency was observed in PLHIV, who were on stable cART. However, routine assessment of the neuropsychological functions and management of modifiable risk factors are not performed in our patients. Further exploration of the relationship between cardiovascular risks, cIMT, and cognitive impairment in PLHIV is essential to formulate the guidelines and delay the onset of neurocognitive disorders in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unnathi Nayak
- Intern, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Nikhil Victor Dsouza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - P. V. Santosh Rai
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Basavaprabhu Achappa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - B. V. Murlimanju
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Xu X, Xu Y, Shi R. Association between obesity, physical activity, and cognitive decline in Chinese middle and old-aged adults: a mediation analysis. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:54. [PMID: 38212676 PMCID: PMC10785530 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Epidemiological evidence on obesity and cognitive decline in middle and old-aged individuals is controversial and the effect of physical activity in this chain is sparse and limited. This study aimed to characterize the association between obesity and cognitive decline and the mediating role of physical activity. METHODS Data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were used, including 7,392 participants aged ≥ 45 years between 2011 and 2018. Cognitive function was assessed via episodic memory and mental status. The total score of cognitive function was the sum of the above two dimensions (0-31 points). The Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was applied to identify the potential heterogeneity of longitudinal changes in cognitive function. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to investigate associations between obesity and cognitive trajectories, taking body mass index (BMI) as the indicator of obesity. Mediation analysis was performed to examine the potential causal chain in which physical activity mediates the relationship between BMI and cognitive decline. RESULTS Of the 7,392 analyzed patients (mean [SD] age, 58.0 [8.5] years; 3,916 [53%] male), the median (interquartile range [IQR]) of BMI was 23.4 (21.1-26.0). Four trajectories were identified by the GBTM model, including the high stable (14.9%), the middle stable (46.0%), the middle decline (29.9%), and the low decline groups (9.2%). After controlling potential confounders, obesity was associated with the low decline groups compared with normal weight (adjusted OR 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70-0.94). Mediation analyses showed that only vigorous physical activity significantly explained 5.94% (95% CI, 0.29-11.60%) of the relationship between obesity and cognitive decline. Sensitivity analyses in different subgroups showed comparable results. CONCLUSION This study suggests that vigorous physical activity mediates less than 10% of the association between obesity and cognitive decline in middle and old-aged adults. Further studies are warranted to explore the potential factors related to the obesity paradox in the cognitive field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Operating Room, Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruolin Shi
- Operating Room, Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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6
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Wen J, Hao X, Jia Y, Wang B, Pang J, Liang F. Sex Differences in the Association Between LDL/HDL with Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1493-1502. [PMID: 38578891 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Lipids have a significant impact on the development and functioning of the nervous system, but the sex differences between the association of LDL/HDL, which reflects lipid metabolic status, and cognitive impairment remains unclear. Objective We aimed to determine if there were sex differences between the association of LDL/HDL and cognitive function in US older adults. Methods This population-based cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012 and 2013-2014 cycles. The main outcome was poor cognitive performance defined by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) < 34 based on published literature. Results A total of 1,225 participants were included in the study, with a cognitive impairment incidence of 25.6% (314/1,225). Multivariate regression models demonstrated a significant association between cognitive decline and each 1-unit increase in LDL/HDL, after adjusting for all covariates (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-1.67). Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed an interaction between LDL/HDL and cognitive impairment in sex subgroups. Conclusions LDL/HDL was associated with cognitive impairment in the US older adult population in adjusted models, although the significance of this association was not observed in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wen
- Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Baotou, China
| | - Xiwa Hao
- Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Baotou, China
| | - Yanhong Jia
- Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Baojun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Baotou, China
| | - Jiangxia Pang
- Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Baotou, China
| | - Furu Liang
- Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Baotou, China
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Ding H, Liu C, Li Y, Ang TFA, Devine S, Liu Y, Au R, Doraiswamy PM. Sex-specific blood biomarkers linked to memory changes in middle-aged adults: The Framingham Heart Study. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 16:e12569. [PMID: 38545543 PMCID: PMC10966919 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between sex-specific blood biomarkers and memory changes in middle-aged adults remains unclear. We aimed to investigate this relationship using the data from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS). We conducted association analysis, partial correlation analysis, and causal dose-response curves using blood biomarkers and other data from 793 middle-aged participants (≤ 60 years) from the FHS Offspring Cohort. The results revealed associations of adiponectin and fasting blood glucose with midlife memory change, along with a U-shaped relationship of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with memory change. No significant associations were found for the other blood biomarkers (e.g., amyloid beta protein 42) with memory change. To our knowledge, this is the first sex-specific network analysis of blood biomarkers related to midlife memory change in a prospective cohort study. Our findings highlight the importance of targeting cardiometabolic risks and the need to validate midlife-specific biomarkers that can accelerate the development of primary preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huitong Ding
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ting Fang Alvin Ang
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Slone Epidemiology CenterBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sherral Devine
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yulin Liu
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Rhoda Au
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Framingham Heart StudyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Slone Epidemiology CenterBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - P. Murali Doraiswamy
- Neurocognitive Disorders ProgramDepartments of Psychiatry and Medicineand the Duke Institute for Brain SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
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Koblinsky ND, Carmichael PH, Belleville S, Fiocco AJ, Gaudreau P, Greenwood CE, Kergoat MJ, Morais JA, Presse N, Laurin D, Ferland G. Associations between circulating cardiovascular disease risk factors and cognitive performance in cognitively healthy older adults from the NuAge study. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1274794. [PMID: 38020779 PMCID: PMC10668121 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1274794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVRFs) contribute to the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. Methods This study examined the associations between circulating CVRF biomarkers and cognition in 386 cognitively healthy older adults (mean age = 78 ± 4 years, 53% females) selected from the Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Aging (NuAge). Memory, executive function, and processing speed were assessed at baseline and 2-year follow-up. CVRF biomarkers included total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, glucose, insulin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), homocysteine, protein carbonyls, and cortisol. Linear mixed models were used to determine associations between individual CVRF biomarkers and cognition at both time points. Results HDL-C was most consistently associated with cognition with higher values related to better performance across several domains. Overall, stronger and more consistent relationships between CVRF biomarkers and cognition were observed in females relative to males. Discussion Findings suggest that increases in the majority of circulating CVRFs are not associated with worse cognition in cognitively healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah D. Koblinsky
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pierre-Hugues Carmichael
- Center d’excellence sur le Vieillissement de Québec, Center de Recherche du Center Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval and VITAM-Center de Recherche en Santé Durable, Center Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de la Capitale Nationale, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Center de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Center-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandra J. Fiocco
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Center de Recherche du Center Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal and Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carol E. Greenwood
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - José A. Morais
- Division of Geriatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nancy Presse
- Center de Recherche du Center Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal and Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé de l’Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Center de Recherche sur le Vieillissement du CIUSSS de l’Estrie-Center Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Danielle Laurin
- Center d’excellence sur le Vieillissement de Québec, Center de Recherche du Center Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval and VITAM-Center de Recherche en Santé Durable, Center Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de la Capitale Nationale, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut sur le Vieillissement et la Participation Sociale des Aînés and Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Montreal, ON, Canada
| | - Guylaine Ferland
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, and Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Benachenhou S, Laroui A, Dionne O, Rojas D, Toupin A, Çaku A. Cholesterol alterations in fragile X syndrome, autism spectrum disorders and other neurodevelopmental disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 173:115-139. [PMID: 37993175 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a group of etiologically diverse diseases primarily associated with abnormal brain development, impaired cognition, and various behavioral problems. The majority of NDDs present a wide range of clinical phenotypes while sharing distinct cellular and biochemical alterations. Low plasma cholesterol levels have been reported in a subset of NNDs including, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and fragile X syndrome (FXS). The present review focuses on cholesterol metabolism and discusses the current evidence of lipid disruption in ASD, FXS, and other genetically related NDDs. The characterization of these common deficits might provide valuable insights into their underlying physiopathology and help identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérine Benachenhou
- Biochemistry and Functional Genomic Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Asma Laroui
- Biochemistry and Functional Genomic Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Dionne
- Biochemistry and Functional Genomic Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Daniela Rojas
- Biochemistry and Functional Genomic Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Amanda Toupin
- Biochemistry and Functional Genomic Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Artuela Çaku
- Biochemistry and Functional Genomic Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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10
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Seo MW, Gann J, Lee JM, Heffernan KS, Kim JY, Jung HC. Potential impact of metabolic syndrome on cognitive function in US firefighters. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1150121. [PMID: 37304116 PMCID: PMC10248177 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1150121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Among US firefighters, sudden cardiac arrest and psychological stress (i.e., PTSD) are the leading cause of on-duty death. Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) may influence both cardiometabolic and cognitive health. Here, we examined differences in cardiometabolic disease risk factors, cognitive function, and physical fitness in US firefighters with vs. without MetSyn. Materials and methods One hundred fourteen male firefighters, aged 20 to 60 years, participated in the study. US firefighters with MetSyn vs. non-MetSyn were divided by AHA/NHLBI criteria. Of them, we performed a paired-match analysis with respect to the age and BMI of firefighters with (n = 18) vs. without MetSyn (n = 18). The cardiometabolic disease risk factors included blood pressure, fasting glucose, blood lipid profiles [HDL-C, triglyceride (TG)], and surrogate markers of insulin resistance [TG/HDL-C, TG glucose index (TyG)]. The cognitive test included a psychomotor vigilance task as a measure of reaction time and a delayed-match-to-sample task (DMS) as a measure of memory, using the computer-based Psychological Experiment Building Language Version 2.0 program. The differences between MetSyn and non-MetSyn groups in US firefighters were analyzed using an independent t-test adjusted for age and BMI. In addition, Spearman correlation and stepwise multiple regression were conducted. Results US firefighters with MetSyn exhibited severe insulin resistance estimated by TG/HDL-C and TyG (Cohen's d > 0.8, all p < 0.01) compared with their age- and BMI-matched counterparts without MetSyn. In addition, US firefighters with MetSyn exhibited higher DMS total time and reaction time compared with non-MetSyn (Cohen's d > 0.8, all p < 0.01). In stepwise linear regression, HDL-C predicted DMS total time (β = - 0.440, R2 = 0.194, p < 0.05), and TyG (β = 0.432, R2 = 0.186, p < 0.05) predicted DMS reaction time. Conclusion US firefighters with vs. without MetSyn were predisposed to metabolic risk factors, surrogate markers of insulin resistance, and cognitive function, even when matched for age and BMI, and there was a negative association between metabolic characteristics and cognitive function in US firefighters. The findings of this study suggest that the prevention of MetSyn may be beneficial to supporting firefighters' safety and occupational performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong-Won Seo
- Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sports and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Joshua Gann
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Allied Health, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, United States
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kevin S. Heffernan
- Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sports and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Joon Young Kim
- Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sports and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Sports Coaching, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
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11
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Rosenson RS, Cushman M, McKinley EC, Muntner P, Wang Z, Vaisar T, Heinecke J, Tangney C, Judd S, Colantonio LD. Association Between Triglycerides and Incident Cognitive Impairment in Black and White Adults in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e026833. [PMID: 36802918 PMCID: PMC10111434 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Elevated nonfasting triglycerides were associated with non-Alzheimer dementia in a recent study. However, this study neither evaluated the association of fasting triglycerides with incident cognitive impairment (ICI) nor adjusted for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), known risk markers for ICI and dementia. Methods and Results We examined the association between fasting triglycerides and ICI among 16 170 participants in the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study without cognitive impairment or a history of stroke at baseline in 2003 to 2007 and who had no stroke events during follow-up through September 2018. Overall, 1151 participants developed ICI during the median follow-up of 9.6 years. The relative risk for ICI associated with fasting triglycerides of ≥150 mg/dL versus <100 mg/dL including adjustment for age and geographic region of residence was 1.59 (95% CI, 1.20-2.11) among White women and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.00-1.62) among Black women. After multivariable adjustment, including adjustment for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hs-CRP, the relative risk for ICI associated with fasting triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL versus <100 mg/dL was 1.50 (95% CI, 1.09-2.06) among White women and 1.21 (95% CI, 0.93-1.57) among Black women. There was no evidence of an association between triglycerides and ICI among White or Black men. Conclusions Elevated fasting triglycerides were associated with ICI in White women after full adjustment including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hs-CRP. The current results suggest that the association between triglycerides and ICI is stronger in women than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Rosenson
- Department of CardiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of MedicineUniversity of VermontColchesterVT
| | - Emily C. McKinley
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Paul Muntner
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | - Jay Heinecke
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | - Christy Tangney
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive MedicineRush University and Medical CenterChicagoIL
| | - Suzanne Judd
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Lisandro D. Colantonio
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
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12
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Myllylä M, Kyröläinen H, Ojanen T, Ruohola JP, Heinonen OJ, Simola P, Vahlberg T, Parkkola KI. The Effects of Individual Characteristics of the Naval Personnel on Sleepiness and Stress during Two Different Watchkeeping Schedules. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13451. [PMID: 36294028 PMCID: PMC9603121 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naval service can have a significant impact on the wellbeing of seafarers, and the operation of warships is highly dependent on the personnel on board. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the impact of seafarers' individual characteristics on their wellbeing in a naval environment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate individual characteristics of the naval personnel that may be associated with the amount of sleepiness, fatigue and stress responses experienced during shift work and irregular working hours in a naval environment. METHODS The study took place on a Finnish Defence Forces' Navy missile patrol boat on which 18 crewmembers served as study participants. The measurement periods lasted two separate weeks (seven days and six nights) during shift work with two different watchkeeping systems (4:4, 4:4/6:6). The onboard measurements consisted of the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, salivary stress hormones, cognitive tests (Sustained Attention to Response Task and N-back Task) and heart rate variability. RESULTS Participants of older ages or with a longer history in naval service were associated with a greater amount of sleepiness, fatigue and stress responses on board. On the contrary, increased physical activity and a higher level of physical fitness, especially standing long jump, were associated with a lower amount of sleepiness, fatigue and fewer stress responses. In addition, an athletic body composition together with a healthy lifestyle may be beneficial, considering the stress responses on board. CONCLUSION The present results are well in line with the previous literature regarding shift work and irregular working hours. The results highlight the importance of regular physical activity and good physical fitness during service in the naval environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Myllylä
- Centre for Military Medicine, The Finnish Defence Forces, 20241 Turku, Finland
- Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, 00861 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Ojanen
- Human Performance Division, Finnish Defence Research Agency, The Finnish Defence Forces, 04310 Tuusula, Finland
| | - Juha-Petri Ruohola
- The Navy Command Finland, The Finnish Defence Forces, 20811 Turku, Finland
| | - Olli J. Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit of Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Petteri Simola
- Human Performance Division, Finnish Defence Research Agency, The Finnish Defence Forces, 04310 Tuusula, Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Kai I. Parkkola
- Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, 00861 Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
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13
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Leirós M, Amenedo E, Rodríguez M, Pazo-Álvarez P, Franco L, Leis R, Martínez-Olmos MÁ, Arce C. Cognitive Status and Nutritional Markers in a Sample of Institutionalized Elderly People. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:880405. [PMID: 35686024 PMCID: PMC9171327 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.880405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since many of the risk factors for cognitive decline can be modified by diet, the study of nutrition and its relationships with cognitive status in aging has increased considerably in recent years. However, there are hardly any studies that have assessed cognitive status using a comprehensive set of neuropsychological tests along with measures of functional capacity and mood and that have related it to nutritional status measured from several nutritional parameters that have shown its relationships with cognitive function. Objective To test the differences in depressive symptomatology and in several measures of nutritional status between three groups classified according to their cognitive status (CS hereafter). Method One hundred thirteen participants from nursing homes in Galicia, Spain, underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological examination, including a general screening test (MMSE) and tests for different cognitive domains along with measures of activities of daily living (ADL) and assessment of depressive symptomatology (GDS-SF). According to established clinical criteria, participants were divided into three CS groups, Cognitively Intact (CI), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and All-Cause Dementia (ACD). Nutritional status was also examined using blood-derived measures, body mass index (BMI) and a nutritional screening test (MNA-SF). Differences between CS groups in all nutritional variables were studied by one-way ANOVAs with post-hoc Bonferroni correction or Kruskal-Wallis with Games-Howell post-hoc correction when appropriate. Multinomial logistic regression was also applied to test the association between nutritional variables and CS. Results Differences between CS groups were statistically significant for depressive symptomatology, vitamin A and D, albumin, selenium (Se), uric acid (UA), and BMI. The results of multinomial logistic regression found positive associations between groups with better CS and higher concentrations of vitamins A and D, transthyretin (TTR), albumin, Se, and UA, while negative associations were found for BMI. Conclusion Higher serum levels of vitamin A, vitamin D, TTR, albumin, Se, and UA could act as protective factors against cognitive decline, whereas higher BMI could act as a risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Leirós
- Research Group in Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (NECEA), Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Elena Amenedo
- Research Group in Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (NECEA), Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marina Rodríguez
- Research Group in Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (NECEA), Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Paula Pazo-Álvarez
- Research Group in Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (NECEA), Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Luis Franco
- Economic Analysis and Modeling Group, Instituto de Estudios y Desarrollo de Galicia (IDEGA), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosaura Leis
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Unit of Investigation in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia, Department of Forensic Sciences, Pathological Anatomy, Gynecology and Obstetrics, and Pediatrics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel-Ángel Martínez-Olmos
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Section of Endocrinology-Nutrition Area, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Constantino Arce
- Department of Social, Basic and Methodology Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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14
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Ooi TC, Meramat A, Rajab NF, Shahar S, Sharif R. Antioxidant Potential, DNA Damage, Inflammation, Glycemic Control and Lipid Metabolism Alteration: A Mediation Analysis of Islamic Sunnah Intermittent Fasting on Cognitive Function among Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:272-281. [PMID: 35297471 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the relationship between oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, and metabolic biomarkers as the mediating factor between Islamic Sunnah intermittent fasting (IF) practice and cognitive function among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). DESIGN This study was a 36 months prospective cohort study. SETTING Community-dwelling older participants recruited through a stratified random sampling method from four states representing Malaysia's central, north-west, northeast and southern regions. PARTICIPANTS Ninety-nine Malay Muslim older adults (n= 99) aged 60 and above with MCI and no known critical illnesses were included in the current analysis. The participants were divided into regularly practicing IF (r-IF), irregularly practicing IF (i-IF) and not practicing IF (n-IF) groups. MEASUREMENTS Fasting venous blood was collected and used to determine the levels of oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers. Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Digit Span and Digit symbol were used to evaluate the cognitive function. Then, the mediation analysis was conducted using a multistep regression model to determine the mediating role of various biomarkers between IF practice and cognitive function. RESULTS When comparing the r-IF and n-IF groups, higher SOD activity, lower DNA damage (percentage of DNA in tail), lower CRP levels and higher HDL-cholesterol levels established partial mediation while lower insulin levels established complete mediation between IF practice and better cognitive function. Meanwhile, when comparing the r-IF and i-IF groups, higher SOD activity and lower CRP levels completely mediated the effects of IF practice on better cognitive function. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that changes in antioxidant function, DNA damage, inflammation and a limited set of metabolic biomarkers (insulin and HDL cholesterol) may mediate improvements in cognitive function among older participants with MCI who practice Islamic Sunnah IF.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Ooi
- Razinah Sharif, Address: Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia, Telephone: +603-9289 7459, Email address:
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15
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Analysis of the Relationship among Cognitive Impairment, Nutritional Indexes and the Clinical Course among COVID-19 Patients Discharged from Hospital—Preliminary Report. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081580. [PMID: 35458142 PMCID: PMC9033019 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous data indicate the presence of cognitive impairment in people who have undergone COVID-19, often called COVID Fog (CF). This phenomenon persists even 6 months after infection, and its etiology and pathogenesis are not fully known. The aim of this article was to analyze the relationship among cognitive functioning, clinical data and nutrition indexes in patients discharged from the COVID-19 hospital of the Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland. The sample comprised 17 individuals—10 women and 7 men, with ages of 65 ± 14 years. Cognitive impairment was measured with the use of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The nutrition parameters included: hemoglobin, red blood cells, total cholesterol and its fractions, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, phosphates, calcium and sodium. The analysis showed that albumin concentration significantly correlated with the total MoCA score and especially with the short-term memory test score. Conversely, total cholesterol, and especially LDL concentrations, were highly and negatively associated with the MoCA score. In conclusion: markers of nutritional status are correlated with the severity of CF. Individuals with malnutrition or risk of malnutrition should be screened for CF. Further studies need to be performed in this area.
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16
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Verbal Fluency in Metabolic Syndrome. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020255. [PMID: 35204018 PMCID: PMC8870615 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) or otherwise insulin resistance (IR) is described as a cluster of several commonly occurring disorders, including abdominal obesity; lipids disorders, such as hypertriglyceridemia; and low levels of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hypertension (≥130/85 mmHg), and carbohydrates disorders, such as impaired fasting glucose or diabetes mellitus type 2. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) constitutes insulin resistance, which is a strong risk factor for strokes. Patients with MetS are often prone to cognitive decline. Metabolic risk factors, hypertension, and diabetes, amongst them, have been hypothesized to play a great role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the development of vascular dementia. For neuropsychological diagnostic and theoretical purposes verbal fluency is defined as a cognitive function that facilitates information retrieval from memory. It engages executive control and other cognitive processes, such as selective attention, selective inhibition, mental set shifting, internal response generation, and self-monitoring, as well as imagination and psychomotor skills. A total of 90 subjects, divided into 2 groups, patients with MetS (45) and healthy controls (45), were assessed. A significant difference in performance was found between the patients and controls, both in the phonetic (p < 0.01) and semantic fluency trials (p < 0.001). The MetS patients produced less words in the letter K and animal categories. The analysis of descriptive statistics shows that the group of patients with metabolic syndrome generated fewer words in both the phonetic and semantic categories. Our study shows that there is an association between metabolic factors and the verbal fluency performance of MetS patients. This is true, especially for phonetic verbal fluency, which is traditionally connected with the frontal cortex. Lower switching signifies possible executive dysfunctions amongst people with MetS. Subjects with this condition generated more diverse words and created less standard associations. This further implies the existence of dysexecutive syndrome and the need for diagnosing patients in this direction and involving this group of people in therapy. The proper correction of MetS components may improve cognitive function.
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17
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Emerging role of HDL in brain cholesterol metabolism and neurodegenerative disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159123. [PMID: 35151900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs play a key role in cholesterol homeostasis maintenance in the central nervous system (CNS), by carrying newly synthesized cholesterol from astrocytes to neurons, to support their lipid-related physiological functions. As occurs for plasma HDLs, brain lipoproteins are assembled through the activity of membrane cholesterol transporters, undergo remodeling mediated by specific enzymes and transport proteins, and finally deliver cholesterol to neurons by a receptor-mediated internalization process. A growing number of evidences indicates a strong association between alterations of CNS cholesterol homeostasis and neurodegenerative disorders, in particular Alzheimer's disease (AD), and a possible role in this relationship may be played by defects in brain HDL metabolism. In the present review, we summarize and critically examine the current state of knowledge on major modifications of HDL and HDL-mediated brain cholesterol transport in AD, by taking into consideration the individual steps of this process. We also describe potential and encouraging HDL-based therapies that could represent new therapeutic strategies for AD treatment. Finally, we revise the main plasma and brain HDL modifications in other neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
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18
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Association between Serum Lipid Parameters and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225405. [PMID: 34830687 PMCID: PMC8617666 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Previous studies have suggested the association between lipid profiles and cognitive function in older adults. However, they generated inconsistent results. We aim to determine the relationship between lipid profiles and cognitive performance in older adults. (2) Methods: We used the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This study included 2215 participants who were aged more than 60 years old and free of coronary heart disease or stroke. Lipid profiles included total cholesterol (TC), low density lipid cholesterol (LDL), high density lipid cholesterol (HDL), and triglyceride (TG). Cognitive function was assessed using the digit symbol substitution test (DSST). (3) Results: Positive correlations of DSST were observed with TC (r = 0.111; p < 0.0001), HDL (r = 0.127; p < 0.0001), and LDL (r = 0.107; p = 0.0005). However, there was no significant relationship between TG and DSST. A one-unit increase in HDL was associated with an increase in DSST score (beta coefficient: 0.036; p = 0.018); but the association was not significant for LDL, TG, and TC. In the categorical analysis, the high HDL group had a higher DSST score than the low HDL group (beta = 3.113; p < 0.0001) and the low TG group was more likely to show a lower DSST score than the high TC group (beta = −1.837; p = 0.0461). However, LDL and TC showed no statistically significant associations. Moreover, HDL was only associated with a 0.701 times increased risk of cognitive impairment (95% CI = 0.523–0.938) in the logistic regression analysis. (4) Conclusions: Higher blood concentrations of HDL levels were positively associated with DSST scores in older adults. We suggest that the high levels of HDL may be a protective factor against cognitive impairment.
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Foret JT, Oleson S, Hickson B, Valek S, Tanaka H, Haley AP. Metabolic Syndrome and Cognitive Function in Midlife. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 36:897-907. [PMID: 33283221 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors associated with cognitive decline. We investigated the relationship between MetS and cognition in middle-aged adults. We hypothesized that higher numbers of MetS components will relate to poorer performance on executive function (EF) tasks as frontal lobe regions critical to EF are particularly vulnerable to cardiovascular disease. METHODS 197 adults (ages 40-60) participated. MetS was evaluated using established criteria. Composite scores for cognitive domains were computed as follows: Global cognitive function (subtests from the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, 2nd Edition), EF (Stroop Color Word, Digit Span Backward, and Trails A and B), and memory (California Verbal Learning Test, 2 Edition). RESULTS Higher number of MetS components was related to weaker EF-F(4, 191) = 3.94, p = .004, MetS components ß = -.14, p = .044. A similar relationship was detected for tests of memory-F(4, 192) = 7.86, p < .001, MetS components ß = -.15, p = .032. Diagnosis of MetS was not significantly associated with EF domain score (ß = -.05, p = .506) but was significantly associated with memory scores-F(4, 189) = 8.81, p < .001, MetS diagnosis ß = -.19, p = .006. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support prior research linking MetS components at midlife to executive dysfunction and demonstrate that MetS, and its components are also associated with poorer memory function. This suggests that cognitive vulnerability can be detected at midlife. Interventions for MetS at midlife could alter cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle T Foret
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie Oleson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brennan Hickson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie Valek
- McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andreana P Haley
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Biomedical Imaging Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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20
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Liu L, Li H, Iyer H, Liu AJ, Zeng Y, Ji JS. Apolipoprotein E Induced Cognitive Dysfunction: Mediation Analysis of Lipids and Glucose Biomarkers in an Elderly Cohort Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:727289. [PMID: 34483892 PMCID: PMC8415114 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.727289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior evidence suggested Apolipoprotein E (APOE), lipids, and glucose metabolism may act through the same pathways on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS This prospective study used data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study. We tested the associations of APOE genotype (ε2ε2, ε2ε3, ε2ε4, ε3ε3, ε3ε4, and ε4ε4) and cognitive function using generalized estimating equations (GEE). We examined for possible mediation and effect modification by lipids and glucose level in this association. RESULTS APOE ε2 showed significant direct protective effect and indirect harmful effect through TC on cognitive function. Abnormal lipids or glucose levels were not consistently associated with cognitive dysfunction in our study. We did not detect significant indirect effects through lipids for APOE ε4 or any indirect effects through glucose. DISCUSSION These findings suggested complicated relationships among APOE, lipids, glucose, and cognitive function. Further study can make validations in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxin Liu
- Environmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huichu Li
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hari Iyer
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andy J. Liu
- Duke Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke Medical School, Durham, NC, United States
| | - John S. Ji
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Suzhou, China
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21
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Wang M, Li Y, Cong L, Hou T, Luo Y, Shi L, Chang L, Zhang C, Wang Y, Wang X, Du Y, Qiu C. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and brain aging amongst rural-dwelling older adults: a population-based magnetic resonance imaging study. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:2882-2892. [PMID: 34031948 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Current evidence supports the involvement of lipids in brain aging. A range of serum lipids is explored in association with brain structure and cognitive function amongst rural-dwelling older adults. METHODS This population-based cross-sectional study included 184 rural-dwelling adults (age ≥ 65 years, 39.1% women) in Shandong, China. In 2014-2016, data on demographics, lifestyle, health conditions and serum lipids were collected. Volumes of gray matter, white matter, ventricles, hippocampus and white matter hyperintensity were automatically estimated on brain magnetic resonance imaging. Global cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was defined according to Petersen's criteria. Data were analyzed using the general linear regression, logistic regression and mediation models. RESULTS Of the 184 participants, 47 were defined with MCI. Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; <1.55 vs. ≥1.55 mmol/l) was significantly associated with reduced volumes of total white matter (multi-adjusted β = -9.77, 95% confidence interval -19.48-0.06) and hippocampus (-0.23, -0.46-0.01), a lower MMSE score (-1.49, -2.67-0.31) and a higher likelihood of MCI (multi-adjusted odds ratio 3.21, 95% confidence interval 1.42-7.29). The mediation effects of structural brain measures on the associations between a low level of HDL-C and MMSE score or MCI were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that low HDL-C may be involved in structural brain aging and cognitive dysfunction amongst rural-dwelling older adults in China, but the association of low HDL-C with cognitive aging phenotypes appears not to be mediated by brain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanjing Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tingting Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yishan Luo
- BrainNow Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Shi
- BrainNow Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liguo Chang
- Liaocheng Third People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanchen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Brain Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Bakeberg MC, Gorecki AM, Kenna JE, Jefferson A, Byrnes M, Ghosh S, Horne MK, McGregor S, Stell R, Walters S, Mastaglia FL, Anderton RS. Elevated HDL Levels Linked to Poorer Cognitive Ability in Females With Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:656623. [PMID: 34177552 PMCID: PMC8226251 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.656623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cholesterol levels have been associated with age-related cognitive decline, however, such an association has not been comprehensively explored in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). To address this uncertainty, the current cross-sectional study examined the cholesterol profile and cognitive performance in a cohort of PD patients. Methods Cognitive function was evaluated using two validated assessments (ACE-R and SCOPA-COG) in 182 people with PD from the Australian Parkinson's Disease Registry. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and Triglyceride (TRG) levels were examined within this cohort. The influence of individual lipid subfractions on domain-specific cognitive performance was investigated using covariate-adjusted generalised linear models. Results Females with PD exhibited significantly higher lipid subfraction levels (TC, HDL, and LDL) when compared to male counterparts. While accounting for covariates, HDL levels were strongly associated with poorer performance across multiple cognitive domains in females but not males. Conversely, TC and LDL levels were not associated with cognitive status in people with PD. Conclusion Higher serum HDL associates with poorer cognitive function in females with PD and presents a sex-specific biomarker for cognitive impairment in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Bakeberg
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anastazja M Gorecki
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jade E Kenna
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alexa Jefferson
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Michelle Byrnes
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Malcolm K Horne
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah McGregor
- Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Rick Stell
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sue Walters
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Frank L Mastaglia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ryan S Anderton
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
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23
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de Leeuw FA, Tijms BM, Doorduijn AS, Hendriksen HMA, van de Rest O, de van der Schueren MAE, Visser M, van den Heuvel EGHM, van Wijk N, Bierau J, van Berckel BN, Scheltens P, Kester MI, van der Flier WM, Teunissen CE. LDL cholesterol and uridine levels in blood are potential nutritional biomarkers for clinical progression in Alzheimer's disease: The NUDAD project. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 12:e12120. [PMID: 33392381 PMCID: PMC7772937 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined associations between nutritional biomarkers and clinical progression in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-type dementia. METHODS We included 528 individuals (64 ± 8 years, 46% F, follow-up 2.1 ± 0.87 years) with SCD (n = 204), MCI (n = 130), and AD (n = 194). Baseline levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, homocysteine, folate, vitamin A, B12, E and uridine were measured in blood and S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in cerebrospinal fluid. We determined associations between nutritional biomarkers and clinical progression using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Twenty-two (11%) patients with SCD, 45 (35%) patients with MCI, and 100 (52%) patients with AD showed clinical progression. In SCD, higher levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were associated with progression (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] 1.88 [1.04 to 3.41]). In AD, lower uridine levels were associated with progression (0.79 [0.63 to 0.99]). DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that LDL cholesterol and uridine play a-stage-dependent-role in the clinical progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca A. de Leeuw
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Betty M. Tijms
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Astrid S. Doorduijn
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Public Health Research InstituteVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Heleen M. A. Hendriksen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Ondine van de Rest
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University and ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Public Health Research InstituteVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jörgen Bierau
- Department of Clinical GeneticsMaastricht UMC+Maastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Bart N. van Berckel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | | | - Wiesje M. van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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24
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Jia QF, Yang HX, Zhuang NN, Yin XY, Zhu ZH, Yuan Y, Yin XL, Wang Y, Cheung EFC, Chan RCK, Hui L. The role of lipoprotein profile in depression and cognitive performance: a network analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20704. [PMID: 33244178 PMCID: PMC7693273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid profile (total cholesterol and lipoprotein fractions) has been found to correlate with depression and cognitive impairment across the lifespan. However, the role of lipid levels in self-rated depressive state and cognitive impairment remains unclear. In this study, we examined the relationship between lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and cognition in adults with and without self-rated depression. Four hundred and thirty-eight healthy participants completed the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and a serum lipoprotein test. Using multivariate ANOVA, partial correlation and network analysis, a network linking lipoprotein profile, depressive state and cognition was constructed. A significant difference in serum lipid profile between the high and low depressive groups was detected. Depressive state had a strong negative correlation with cognitive performance. Of the lipid profile, only high-density lipoprotein was positively correlated with depressive symptom severity, whereas the other three indices showed negative correlation with both depressive state and cognitive performance. Our results suggest that serum lipid profile may be directly linked to self-rated depression and cognitive performance. Further studies recruiting larger clinical samples are needed to elucidate the specific effect of lipoprotein on cognitive impairment in mood disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Fang Jia
- The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Xue Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan-Nan Zhuang
- The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Yuan Yin
- The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Hua Zhu
- The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yuan
- The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Yin
- Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Hui
- The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Jensen CS, Musaeus CS, Frikke-Schmidt R, Andersen BB, Beyer N, Gottrup H, Høgh P, Vestergaard K, Wermuth L, Frederiksen KS, Waldemar G, Hasselbalch S, Simonsen AH. Physical Exercise May Increase Plasma Concentration of High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:532. [PMID: 32536853 PMCID: PMC7269030 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors have been shown to increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) later in life. Specifically, an unfavorable cholesterol profile, and insulin resistance are associated with increased risk of developing AD. One way to non-pharmacologically affect the levels of plasma lipids is by exercise, which has been shown to be beneficial in cognitively healthy individuals. In this randomized controlled trial y, we therefore aimed to clarify the effect of physical exercise on the lipid profile, insulin and glucose in patients with AD. In addition, we investigated the effect of apolipoproteinE genotype on total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) in plasma from patients with AD. Plasma samples from 172 patients who underwent 16 weeks of moderate-to-high intensity exercise (n = 90) or treatment as usual (n = 82) were analyzed change from baseline for the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, glucose, and insulin. In addition, we analyzed those from the exercise group who adhered to the protocol with an attendance of 2/3 or more of the exercise session and who followed the protocol of an intensity of 70% of the maximum heart rate. We found a significant increase in plasma HDL-C levels between the "high exercise sub-group" compared to control group. After intervention HDL-C was increased by 4.3% in the high-exercise group, and decreased by 0.7% in the control group, after adjustment for statin use. In conclusion, short term physical activity may be beneficial on the cholesterol profile in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Steen Jensen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Sandøe Musaeus
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Bo Andersen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Beyer
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Gottrup
- Dementia Clinic, Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Høgh
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Regional Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Lene Wermuth
- Dementia Clinic, Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Hasselbalch
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Hviid Simonsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Effect of Combined Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Therapies on Cognitive Function: A New Treatment Strategy? Cardiol Res Pract 2020; 2020:1484357. [PMID: 32351732 PMCID: PMC7178519 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1484357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia are associated with cognitive decline. However, there is still no clear evidence that the use of antihypertensive or lipid-lowering therapy can prevent or delay cognitive decline or development of dementia. To provide a reference for clinical treatment, we analyzed the potential mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction induced by hypertension and hyperlipidemia, the clinical research and controversy of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapies on cognitive function, and the clinical value of combined antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapy. It is currently believed that hypertension and elevated blood cholesterol levels in middle-aged people may be related to cognitive impairment or dementia in the elderly. Some studies suggest that intensive antihypertensive or lipid-lowering therapies are better than standard antihypertensive or lipid-lowering therapy, yet further tests are needed to confirm their effects on cognitive function. Actively controlling potential risk factors from middle age may be important for Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention.
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27
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Yang FN, Stanford M, Jiang X. Low Cholesterol Level Linked to Reduced Semantic Fluency Performance and Reduced Gray Matter Volume in the Medial Temporal Lobe. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:57. [PMID: 32300296 PMCID: PMC7142997 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia has been proposed as a risk factor of dementia and cognitive decline. However, the findings of the relationship between cholesterol level and cognitive/brain function have been inconsistent. Here, using a well-controlled sample from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), we investigated the probable non-linear relationship between plasma total cholesterol (TC) level, gray matter volume (GMv), and cognitive performance in 117 non-demented subjects (mean age, 61.5 ± 8.9 years), including 67 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and 50 demographically matched controls. A quadratic relationship between semantic fluency (SF) performance and TC levels was identified. Within the subjects with a desirable TC level (TC < 200 mg/dl), low TC (lTC) levels were associated with reduced SF performance, as well as reduced GMv in three medial temporal regions [including bilateral anterior hippocampus (HIP)]. In contrast, no significant relationship between TC and cognition performance/GMv was found in individuals with a high cholesterol level (i.e., TC ≥ 200 mg/dl). Further region of interest (ROI)-based analysis showed that individuals with TC levels ranging from 100 to 160 mg/dl had the lowest GMv in the medial temporal regions. These findings suggest that low-normal TC level may be associated with reduced cognitive function and brain atrophy in regions implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, adding to a growing body of literature supporting a probable non-linear relationship between cholesterol level and brain health. However, this finding needs to be verified with other large public cohort data that do not include PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Nils Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Macdonell Stanford
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
- School of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Xiong Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
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28
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Liu L, Huang X, Feng L, Wu Y. Internal Lipid Profile and Body Lipid Profile in Relation to Cognition: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern China. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2020; 35:1533317520962660. [PMID: 33089704 PMCID: PMC10624072 DOI: 10.1177/1533317520962660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM There are currently no established, clinically relevant, non-invasive markers of cognitive impairment, except for age and APOE genotype. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 1,296 participants from Nanchang, China, has been conducted. We collected data from Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, internal lipid profiles and body lipid profiles, age and other factors that may have an effect on cognitive impairment. RESULTS Internal lipid profiles (OR = 1.03 [95%CI, 1.00-1.06], P = 0.024), body lipid profiles (OR = 1.05 [95%CI, 1.01-1.09], P = 0.014), and age (OR = 1.03 [95%CI, 1.01-1.05], P < 0.001) were all positively correlated with cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive impairment was more frequent in female patients with high internal lipid profiles or body lipid profiles, and these characteristics were related to age and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Liu
- Department Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department Health Care Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Liang Feng
- Department Health Care Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
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29
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Improvement in verbal learning over the first year of antipsychotic treatment is associated with serum HDL levels in a cohort of first episode psychosis patients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:49-58. [PMID: 31028479 PMCID: PMC7033047 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01017-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether changes in serum lipids are associated with cognitive performance in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients during their first year of antipsychotic drug treatment. One hundred and thirty-two antipsychotic-treated FEP patients were included through the TOP study along with 83 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC). Information regarding cognitive performance, psychotic symptoms, lifestyle, body mass index, serum lipids [total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides] and antipsychotic treatment was obtained at baseline and after 1 year. The cognitive test battery is comprised of assessments for verbal learning, processing speed, working memory, verbal fluency, and inhibition. Mixed-effects models were used to study the relationship between changes over time in serum lipids and cognitive domains, controlling for potential confounders. There was a significant group by HDL interaction effect for verbal learning (F = 11.12, p = 0.001), where an increase in HDL levels was associated with improvement in verbal learning in FEP patients but not in HC. Practice effects, lifestyle, and psychotic symptoms did not significantly affect this relationship. Antipsychotic-treated FEP patients who increased in HDL levels during the first year of follow-up exhibited better verbal learning capacity. Further investigations are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
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30
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An Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Liu W, Wang T, Qin Z, Xiao R. Longitudinal and nonlinear relations of dietary and Serum cholesterol in midlife with cognitive decline: results from EMCOA study. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:51. [PMID: 31888696 PMCID: PMC6937942 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies regarding the cholesterol-cognition relationship in midlife have generated conflicting results. We thus investigated whether dietary and blood cholesterol were associated with cognitive decline. Methods Participants were drawn from a large cohort study entitled the Effects and Mechanism Investigation of Cholesterol and Oxysterol on Alzheimer’s disease (EMCOA) study. We included 2514 participants who completed a selection of comprehensive cognitive tests and were followed for an average of 2.3 years. Blood concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were assessed and dietary intakes were investigated by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) was genotyped by Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) sequencing. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were calculated. The longitudinal effects of dietary and blood cholesterol on risk of global cognitive decline (decrease in Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) > 2 points) were examined using Cox proportional hazards models. The nonlinear associations with global and domain-specific cognitive decline was evaluated with mixed effect linear models. Results In Cox proportional hazards models, neither cholesterol nor egg intake was associated with a higher risk of accelerated global cognitive decline. In contrast, the higher serum concentrations of TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were positively associated with accelerated global cognitive decline regardless of being evaluated continuously or categorically while higher HDL-C was positively associated with accelerated global cognitive decline only when being evaluated categorically (all P < 0.05). In mixed effect linear models, quadratic and longitudinal relations of dietary cholesterol and egg intakes to global cognition, processing speed and executive function were observed. Moreover, there were inverted U-shaped relations of HDL-C, with processing speed and executive function but U-shaped relations of HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio with verbal memory. Adverse linear associations of higher LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio with multiple cognitive comes were also revealed. Additionally adjusting for APOE genotype did not modify cholesterol-cognition associations. Dietary and serum cholesterol had variable associations with global and domain-specific cognitive decline across educational groups. Conclusion Differential associations between dietary/serum cholesterol and cognitive decline across different domains of function were observed in a particular population of middle-aged and elderly Chinese. Interventions to improve cognitive reserve regarding dietary instruction and lipid management should be tailored according to specific target. Trial registration EMCOA, ChiCTR-OOC-17011882, Registered 5th, July 2017-Retrospectively registered, http://www.medresman.org/uc/project/projectedit.aspx?proj=2610
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu An
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yushan Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | | | - Rong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China.
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31
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Cho KH, Park HJ, Kim SJ, Kim JR. Decrease in HDL-C is Associated with Age and Household Income in Adults from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017: Correlation Analysis of Low HDL-C and Poverty. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3329. [PMID: 31509977 PMCID: PMC6765955 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A low serum high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C) level is a risk factor of cardiovascular disease and dementia. On the other hand, no study has elucidated the correlation between household income and the HDL-C level in the adult population. In the present study, 5535 subjects (20-80 year-old individuals) were selected from the Korean national health and nutrition examination survey 2017 (KNHANES VII-2, n = 2469 men, n = 3066 women). They were classified into five levels of household income grades ranging from one (the lowest) to five (the highest). They were also classified according to the HDL-C level: category 1 (<40 mg/dL, n = 943), category 2 (40-49 mg/dL, n = 1764), category 3 (50-59 mg/dL, n = 1572), category 4 (60-69 mg/dL, n = 820), and category 5 (≥70 mg/dL, n = 436). Generally, in both genders, a higher HDL-C level is associated with a larger percentage of income grades 4 and 5. Moreover, the lowest HDL-C group showed the largest percentage of income grade 1. In both groups, a significant increase in the average income grade was associated with a concomitant increase in the HDL-C level (men, p = 0.03, women, p < 0.001). In the low HDL-C category, a lower income grade is associated directly with a lower HDL-C level, which suggests that poverty is associated directly with a low HDL-C. Women showed a 3.3-fold higher incidence of dementia than men did at later-life. The sharp decrease in HDL-C in the female group older than 50 was accompanied by a dramatic increase in the incidence of dementia. However, the male group showed a relatively mild decrease in the HDL-C level after mid-life and weak elevation in the incidence of dementia. In conclusion, in both genders, the lower income group showed a larger prevalence of low-HDL-C levels. The decrease in HDL-C after middle age was strongly associated with the considerable increase in dementia in later-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hyun Cho
- LipoLab, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea.
- RayDel Lipoprotein Research Center, Daegu 41061, Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-717, Korea.
| | - Hye-Jeong Park
- LipoLab, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea.
- RayDel Lipoprotein Research Center, Daegu 41061, Korea.
| | - Suk-Jeong Kim
- LipoLab, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea.
- RayDel Lipoprotein Research Center, Daegu 41061, Korea.
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-717, Korea.
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32
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Fiocco AJ, Krieger L, D'Amico D, Parrott MD, Laurin D, Gaudreau P, Greenwood C, Ferland G. A systematic review of existing peripheral biomarkers of cognitive aging: Is there enough evidence for biomarker proxies in behavioral modification interventions?: An initiative in association with the nutrition, exercise and lifestyle team of the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 52:72-119. [PMID: 31059801 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral biomarkers have shown significant value in predicting brain health and may serve as a useful proxy measurement in the assessment of evidence-based lifestyle behavior modification programs, including physical activity and nutrition programs, that aim to maintain cognitive function in late life. The aim of this systematic review was to elucidate which peripheral biomarkers are robustly associated with cognitive function among relatively healthy non-demented older adults. Following the standards for systematic reviews (PICO, PRIMSA), and employing MEDLINE and Scopus search engines, 222 articles were included in the review. Based on the review of biomarker proxies of cognitive health, it is recommended that a comprehensive biomarker panel, or biomarker signature, be developed as a clinical end point for behavior modification trials aimed at enhancing cognitive function in late life. The biomarker signature should take a multisystemic approach, including lipid, immune/inflammatory, and metabolic biomarkers in the biological signature index of cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Krieger
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle D'Amico
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Danielle Laurin
- Laval University, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, QC, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review current knowledge regarding HDL and Alzheimer's disease, focusing on HDL's vasoprotective functions and potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for the vascular contributions of Alzheimer's disease. RECENT FINDINGS Many epidemiological studies have observed that circulating HDL levels associate with decreased Alzheimer's disease risk. However, it is now understood that the functions of HDL may be more informative than levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). Animal model studies demonstrate that HDL protects against memory deficits, neuroinflammation, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). In-vitro studies using state-of-the-art 3D models of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) confirm that HDL reduces vascular Aβ accumulation and attenuates Aβ-induced endothelial inflammation. Although HDL-based therapeutics have not been tested in clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease , several HDL formulations are in advanced phase clinical trials for coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis and could be leveraged toward Alzheimer's disease . SUMMARY Evidence from human studies, animal models, and bioengineered arteries supports the hypothesis that HDL protects against cerebrovascular dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Assays of HDL functions relevant to Alzheimer's disease may be desirable biomarkers of cerebrovascular health. HDL-based therapeutics may also be of interest for Alzheimer's disease, using stand-alone or combination therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Button
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jérôme Robert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tara M. Caffrey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jianjia Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wenchen Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cheryl L. Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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34
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Qiu Q, Lin X, Sun L, Zhu MJ, Wang T, Wang JH, Li GJ, Xiao SF, Li X. Cognitive decline is related to high blood glucose levels in older Chinese adults with the ApoE ε3/ε3 genotype. Transl Neurodegener 2019; 8:12. [PMID: 30984391 PMCID: PMC6446313 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-019-0151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have investigated the effects of blood glucose (BG) on cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly individuals carrying the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε3 allele. Objective To explore the effect of high BG levels on cognitive function in APOE ε3-carrying, non-demented, community-dwelling older adults, as compared to their counterparts carrying the APOE ε4 or APOE ε2 alleles. Methods Within the China Longitudinal Ageing Study, we recruited 282 elderly adults without dementia. Data collected included demographic information; psychological measures; laboratory test results, including BG and plasma lipid levels; and APOE genotypes. We divided the participants into APOE ε2(ε2/ε2, ε2/ε3), ε3(ε3/ε3), and ε4(ε3/ε4, ε4/ε4) groups. Partial correlation analyses and multivariate linear regression analyses were utilized to compare the cognitive function and laboratory data between the APOE groups. White matter hyperintensity (WMH) was measured on magnetic resonance images in 77 participants. Results With adjustment for age, sex, education, and diabetes, higher BG in non-demented community-dwelling older adults was associated with cognitive decline in immediate memory and executive function. In the APOE ε3 group, elevated BG was associated with cognitive decline in immediate memory, executive function, and perceptual reasoning. In the APOE ε4 group, higher BG was also correlated with a decline in abstract reasoning. There was a trend for association between higher BG and more severe WMHs. Conclusion Worse cognitive function was correlated withApoEε3/ε3 genotype carriers with higher BG in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qiu
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South WanPing Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South WanPing Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South WanPing Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Min-Jie Zhu
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South WanPing Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South WanPing Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Jing-Hua Wang
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South WanPing Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Guan-Jun Li
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South WanPing Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Shi-Fu Xiao
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South WanPing Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, South WanPing Road 600, Shanghai, 200030 China
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35
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Vasoprotective Functions of High-Density Lipoproteins Relevant to Alzheimer's Disease Are Partially Conserved in Apolipoprotein B-Depleted Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030462. [PMID: 30678190 PMCID: PMC6387156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are known to have vasoprotective functions in peripheral arteries and many of these functions extend to brain-derived endothelial cells. Importantly, several novel brain-relevant HDL functions have been discovered using brain endothelial cells and in 3D bioengineered human arteries. The cerebrovascular benefits of HDL in healthy humans may partly explain epidemiological evidence suggesting a protective association of circulating HDL levels against Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) risk. As several methods exist to prepare HDL from plasma, here we compared cerebrovascular functions relevant to AD using HDL isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation relative to apoB-depleted plasma prepared by polyethylene-glycol precipitation, a common high-throughput method to evaluate HDL cholesterol efflux capacity in clinical biospecimens. We found that apoB-depleted plasma was functionally equivalent to HDL isolated by ultracentrifugation in terms of its ability to reduce vascular Aβ accumulation, suppress TNFα-induced vascular inflammation and delay Aβ fibrillization. However, only HDL isolated by ultracentrifugation was able to suppress Aβ-induced vascular inflammation, improve Aβ clearance, and induce endothelial nitric oxide production.
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36
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Zhou F, Deng W, Ding D, Zhao Q, Liang X, Wang F, Luo J, Zheng L, Guo Q, Hong Z. High Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Inversely Relates to Dementia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Shanghai Aging Study. Front Neurol 2018; 9:952. [PMID: 30483213 PMCID: PMC6240682 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The relationship between cholesterol and cognitive function is unclear from the previous studies. This study was conducted to explore this association in older Chinese adults. Methods: Data were from the Shanghai Aging Study, comprising 3,836 residents aged 50 years or over in an urban community. Diagnoses of dementia and mild cognitive impairment were established according to the fourth edition of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV) and Petersen criteria. Multivariate logistic regression models, non-matched and propensity score (PS) matched, were used to examine the association between cholesterol levels and cognitive function. Results: There was a significantly higher proportion of participants with low levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the dementia group than in groups without dementia (P < 0.05). High LDL-C level was inversely associated with dementia, with a negative trend in the PS matched model. TC and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were not significantly related to dementia in either non-matched models or PS matched models. Conclusion: Our result indicates that high level of LDL-C is inversely associated with dementia. High level of LDL-C may be considered as a potential protective factor against cognition decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianhua Zhao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoniu Liang
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihao Guo
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Hong
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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37
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van der Lee SJ, Teunissen CE, Pool R, Shipley MJ, Teumer A, Chouraki V, Melo van Lent D, Tynkkynen J, Fischer K, Hernesniemi J, Haller T, Singh-Manoux A, Verhoeven A, Willemsen G, de Leeuw FA, Wagner H, van Dongen J, Hertel J, Budde K, Willems van Dijk K, Weinhold L, Ikram MA, Pietzner M, Perola M, Wagner M, Friedrich N, Slagboom PE, Scheltens P, Yang Q, Gertzen RE, Egert S, Li S, Hankemeier T, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Vasan RS, Maier W, Peeters CFW, Jörgen Grabe H, Ramirez A, Seshadri S, Metspalu A, Kivimäki M, Salomaa V, Demirkan A, Boomsma DI, van der Flier WM, Amin N, van Duijn CM. Circulating metabolites and general cognitive ability and dementia: Evidence from 11 cohort studies. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:707-722. [PMID: 29316447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identifying circulating metabolites that are associated with cognition and dementia may improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of dementia and provide crucial readouts for preventive and therapeutic interventions. METHODS We studied 299 metabolites in relation to cognition (general cognitive ability) in two discovery cohorts (N total = 5658). Metabolites significantly associated with cognition after adjusting for multiple testing were replicated in four independent cohorts (N total = 6652), and the associations with dementia and Alzheimer's disease (N = 25,872) and lifestyle factors (N = 5168) were examined. RESULTS We discovered and replicated 15 metabolites associated with cognition including subfractions of high-density lipoprotein, docosahexaenoic acid, ornithine, glutamine, and glycoprotein acetyls. These associations were independent of classical risk factors including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes. Six of the cognition-associated metabolites were related to the risk of dementia and lifestyle factors. DISCUSSION Circulating metabolites were consistently associated with cognition, dementia, and lifestyle factors, opening new avenues for prevention of cognitive decline and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven J van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Pool
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Shipley
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vincent Chouraki
- Lille University, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Labex Distalz, Lille, France
| | - Debora Melo van Lent
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Krista Fischer
- The Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jussi Hernesniemi
- University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Toomas Haller
- The Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK; Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France
| | - Aswin Verhoeven
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francisca A de Leeuw
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Alzheimer Center & Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jenny van Dongen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Hertel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kathrin Budde
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie Weinhold
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maik Pietzner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center & Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert E Gertzen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Egert
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Science, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands; Translational Epidemiology, Faculty Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina E M van Beijsterveldt
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carel F W Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Jörgen Grabe
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute of Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Andres Metspalu
- The Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ayşe Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center & Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Translational Epidemiology, Faculty Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Elkana O, Dayman V, Franko M, Israel A, Springer RR, Segev S, Beeri MS. The association of total cholesterol with processing speed is moderated by age in mid- to late-age healthy adults. Exp Aging Res 2018; 44:179-186. [PMID: 29303427 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2017.1422585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the nature of the association of normal levels of total cholesterol with cognitive function and the contribution of age to this association. METHODS A sample of 61 senior executives, who were summoned for an annual medical examination with approximately four measurements of total cholesterol during 4 years, were examined with a computerized cognitive battery assessing mental processing speed as a sensitive measure of cognitive decline. We examined the association of total cholesterol with processing speed and the moderating effect of age on this association. RESULTS A multiple regression analysis yielded a significant interaction between cholesterol and age for processing speed (p = .045). In order to examine the source of the interaction, simple slope analysis was performed. A significant negative high correlation was found for young subjects (p = .021), while no significant correlation was observed at middle (p = .286) or older (p = .584) age. The difference in slopes was robust to adjustment for potential confounding factors, including body mass index, and fasting glucose. CONCLUSIONS Within the normal range, higher total cholesterol levels were associated with better processing speed in younger ages and this association diminished with increasing age. Our findings highlight the important role of brain cholesterol in good cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odelia Elkana
- a Behavioral Sciences , Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Vitali Dayman
- a Behavioral Sciences , Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Motty Franko
- a Behavioral Sciences , Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Ariel Israel
- b The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center , Tel Hashomer , Israel
| | | | - Shlomo Segev
- d Institute of Medical Screening , Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer , Ramat Gan , Israel
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- b The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center , Tel Hashomer , Israel.,e The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , Department of Psychiatry , New York , NY , USA
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Boyce G, Button E, Soo S, Wellington C. The pleiotropic vasoprotective functions of high density lipoproteins (HDL). J Biomed Res 2017; 32:164. [PMID: 28550271 PMCID: PMC6265396 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic functions of circulating high density lipoprotein (HDL) on peripheral vascular health are well established. HDL plays a pivotal role in reverse cholesterol transport and is also known to suppress inflammation, endothelial activation and apoptosis in peripheral vessels. Although not expressed in the central nervous system, HDL has nevertheless emerged as a potential resilience factor for dementia in multiple epidemiological studies. Animal model data specifically support a role for HDL in attenuating the accumulation of β-amyloid within cerebral vessels concomitant with reduced neuroinflammation and improved cognitive performance. As the vascular contributions to dementia are increasingly appreciated, this review seeks to summarize recent literature focused on the vasoprotective properties of HDL that may extend to cerebral vessels, discuss potential roles of HDL in dementia relative to brain-derived lipoproteins, identify gaps in current knowledge, and highlight new opportunities for research and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilaine Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Emily Button
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sonja Soo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cheryl Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Wendell CR, Zonderman AB, Katzel LI, Rosenberger WF, Plamadeala VV, Hosey MM, Waldstein SR. Nonlinear associations between plasma cholesterol levels and neuropsychological function. Neuropsychology 2016; 30:980-987. [PMID: 27280580 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although both high and low levels of total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol have been associated with poor neuropsychological function, little research has examined nonlinear effects. We examined quadratic relations of cholesterol to performance on a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. METHOD Participants were 190 older adults (53% men, ages 54-83) free of major medical, neurologic, and psychiatric disease. Measures of fasting plasma total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were assayed, and LDL cholesterol was calculated. Participants completed neuropsychological measures of attention, executive function, memory, visuospatial judgment, and manual speed and dexterity. Multiple regression analyses examined cholesterol levels as quadratic predictors of each measure of cognitive performance, with age (dichotomized as <70 vs. 70+) as an effect modifier. RESULTS A significant quadratic effect of Total Cholesterol² × Age was identified for Logical Memory II (b = -.0013, p = .039), such that the 70+ group performed best at high and low levels of total cholesterol than at midrange total cholesterol (U-shaped) and the <70 group performed worse at high and low levels of total cholesterol than at midrange total cholesterol (inverted U shape). Similarly, significant U- and J-shaped effects of LDL Cholesterol² × Age were identified for Visual Reproduction II (b = -.0020, p = .026) and log of the Trail Making Test, Part B (b = .0001, p = .044). Quadratic associations between HDL cholesterol and cognitive performance were nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate differential associations between cholesterol and neuropsychological function across different ages and domains of function. High and low total and LDL cholesterol may confer both risk and benefit for suboptimal cognitive function at different ages. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health
| | - Leslie I Katzel
- Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Megan M Hosey
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County
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