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Gary-Webb TL, Dyer H, Mckenzie J, Younger-Coleman N, Tulloch-Reid M, Blake A, Govia I, Bennett N, McFarlane S, Wilks RJ, Williams DR, Ferguson TS. Community stressors (violence, victimization, and neighborhood disorder) with cardiometabolic outcomes in urban Jamaica. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1130830. [PMID: 37346100 PMCID: PMC10280444 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1130830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite limited data on neighborhood factors and health risk in Caribbean populations, previous analyses from Jamaica have shown that neighborhood and home disorder were associated with lower physical activity and higher cumulative biological risk among women, while poorer neighborhood infrastructure was associated with higher overweight/obesity among men. Design Cross-sectional survey design. Objectives In this study, we explored whether community stressors, as measured by community violence, victimization and neighborhood disorder scores, were associated with cardiometabolic outcomes (obesity, diabetes, hypertension and high cholesterol) in urban Jamaican communities. Sex-specific Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) for these associations, adjusting for age, education, diet, physical activity and smoking. Participants Of the 849 participants (M = 282; F = 567), mean age was 48 ± 18.5 years and most had at least a high school education. Men were more likely to be current smokers (29.4 vs. 10.6%) and adequately physically active (53.2 vs. 42.0%); more women were obese (46.0 vs. 19.0%), more likely to have hypertension (52.9 vs. 45.4%) and had high cholesterol (34.2 vs. 21.6%) (all p < 0.05). Results We observed significant associations only for those in the middle tertile of neighborhood disorder with prevalence of higher cholesterol [PR:1.72 (1.20 to 2.47)] in women and lower prevalence of obesity [PR:0.24 (0.10 to 0.53)] in men. Conclusion Results suggest that higher, but not the highest level of neighborhood disorder was associated with higher cholesterol levels in women and lower obesity in men. Future work will explore additional approaches to measuring neighborhood characteristics in Jamaica and the mechanisms that may underlie any relationships that are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L. Gary-Webb
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Harika Dyer
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joette Mckenzie
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research (CAIHR), The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Novie Younger-Coleman
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research (CAIHR), The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Marshall Tulloch-Reid
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research (CAIHR), The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Alphanso Blake
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research (CAIHR), The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Ishtar Govia
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research (CAIHR), The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Nadia Bennett
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research (CAIHR), The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Shelly McFarlane
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research (CAIHR), The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Rainford J. Wilks
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research (CAIHR), The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - David R. Williams
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Trevor S. Ferguson
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research (CAIHR), The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
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Nury E, Stadelmaier J, Morze J, Nagavci B, Grummich K, Schwarzer G, Hoffmann G, Angele CM, Steinacker JM, Wendt J, Conrad J, Schmid D, Meerpohl JJ, Schwingshackl L. Effects of nutritional intervention strategies in the primary prevention of overweight and obesity in school settings: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ MEDICINE 2022; 1:e000346. [PMID: 36936562 PMCID: PMC9951385 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective To examine the effects of different nutritional intervention strategies in the school setting on anthropometric and quality of diet outcomes by comparing and ranking outcomes in a network meta-analysis. Design Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Data sources PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC), PsycInfo, CAB Abstracts, Campbell Library, Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre) BiblioMap, Australian Education Index, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Practice (JBI EBP) database, Practice-based Evidence in Nutrition (PEN) database, ClinicalTrials.gov, Current Controlled Trials, and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies A systematic literature search was performed from inception to 2 May 2022. Cluster randomised controlled trials meeting these study criteria were included: generally healthy school students aged 4-18 years; intervention with ≥1 nutritional components in a school setting; and studies that assessed anthropometric measures (eg, body mass index, body fat) or measures related to the quality of diet (eg, intake of fruit and vegetables), or both. Random effects pairwise meta-analyses and network meta-analyses were performed with a frequentist approach. P scores, a frequentist analogue to surface under the cumulative ranking curve, ranging from 0 to 1 (indicating worst and best ranked interventions, respectively) were calculated. Risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane's RoB 2 tool. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was used to rate the certainty of evidence. Results 51 cluster randomised controlled trials involving 75 954 participants and seven intervention nodes were included. Inconsistency could not be assessed (except for intake of fruit and vegetables) because the network meta-analyses were based mainly on star shaped networks with no direct evidence for specific pairs of nutritional interventions. Overall, little or no evidence was found to support a difference in body mass index, body weight, body fat, or waist circumference and moderate improvements in intake of fruit and vegetables with nutritional interventions in a school setting. Low to moderate certainty of evidence further suggested that multicomponent nutritional interventions likely reduced the prevalence (odds ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.55 to 0.80) and incidence (0.67, 0.47 to 0.96) of overweight compared with a control group. Based on low certainty of evidence, nutrition education and multicomponent interventions may be more effective than a control group (ie, usual practice) for increasing intake of fruit and vegetables. Multicomponent nutritional interventions were ranked the most effective for reducing body mass index (P score 0.76) and intake of fat (0.82). Nutrition education was ranked as best for body mass index z score (0.99), intake of fruit and vegetables (0.82), intake of fruit (0.92), and intake of vegetables (0.88). Conclusions The findings suggest that nutritional interventions in school settings may improve anthropometric and quality of diet measures, potentially contributing to the prevention of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence. The findings should be interpreted with caution because the certainty of evidence was often rated as low. The results of the network meta-analysis could be used by policy makers in developing and implementing effective, evidence based nutritional intervention strategies in the school setting. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020220451.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edris Nury
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Stadelmaier
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jakub Morze
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Blin Nagavci
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Grummich
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cochrane Germany, Cochrane Germany Foundation, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Guido Schwarzer
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Hoffmann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia M Angele
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Teacher Education, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen M Steinacker
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janine Wendt
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johanna Conrad
- Science Department, German Nutrition Society, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Schmid
- Division for Quantitative Methods in Public Health and Health Services Research, Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT - Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tyrol, Austria
| | - Joerg J Meerpohl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cochrane Germany, Cochrane Germany Foundation, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Ryu S, Jang H, Oh H. Smartphone Usage Patterns and Dietary Risk Factors in Adolescents. J Nutr 2022; 152:2109-2116. [PMID: 35511219 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whereas earlier studies have shown that traditional screen time such as TV watching influences dietary behaviors in adolescents, little is known about the effects of modern screen time such as smartphone use. OBJECTIVES We examined the associations of smartphone usage duration and content type with dietary risk factors among adolescents. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using a nationally representative sample of 54,601 middle- and high-school students (aged 12-18 y; 26,928 boys and 27,673 girls) in the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey 2017. Smartphone use (average duration and most frequently used content type) and dietary intakes [frequent breakfast skipping; less frequent intakes of fruits and vegetables; more frequent intakes of instant noodles, fast food, chips/crackers, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)] were self-reported via an online-based questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for the associations of smartphone usage duration and content type with prevalence of dietary risk factors, adjusting for potential confounders. All analyses accounted for complex survey sampling. RESULTS Prolonged smartphone use (≥300 compared with 1-59 min/d) was associated with (OR; 95% CI) higher prevalence of frequent breakfast skipping (1.60; 1.45, 1.76); frequent intakes of instant noodles (1.65; 1.47, 1.84), fast food (1.36; 1.20, 1.53), and SSBs (1.92; 1.75, 2.11); and less frequent intakes of fruits (1.44; 1.30, 1.59) and vegetables (1.32; 1.18, 1.47). Adjusting for usage duration, using smartphones mainly for messenger/e-mail, social networking service (SNS)/forum, and games were associated with less frequent intakes of fruits (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.31; OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.40; and OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.32, respectively) and vegetables (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.37; OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.40; and OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.40, respectively) than was using smartphones for education/information search. Using smartphones mainly for messenger/e-mail (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.35) and SNS/forum (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.29) were also associated with more frequent intake of SSBs. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that both duration and content type of smartphone use are independently associated with dietary risk factors among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seaun Ryu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hajin Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hannah Oh
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Muzenda T, Kamkuemah M, Battersby J, Oni T. Assessing adolescent diet and physical activity behaviour, knowledge and awareness in low- and middle-income countries: a systematised review of quantitative epidemiological tools. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:975. [PMID: 35568826 PMCID: PMC9107740 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative epidemiological tools are routinely used to assess adolescent diet and physical activity (PA) constructs (behaviour, knowledge, and awareness) as risk factors for non-communicable diseases. This study sought to synthesize evidence on the quantitative epidemiological tools that have been used to assess adolescent diet and PA constructs in low to middle-income countries (LMIC). METHODS A systematised review was conducted using 3 databases (EbscoHost, Scopus and Web of Science). RESULTS We identified 292 LMIC studies assessing adolescent diet and PA. Identified studies predominantly explored behavioural (90%) constructs with a paucity of studies investigating knowledge and awareness. The majority of studies used subjective (94%) and self-administered (78%) tools. Only 39% of LMIC studies used tools validated for their contexts. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the need for more contextual tools for assessing adolescent diet and PA in LMICs. Diet and PA measurement tools used in future research will need to incorporate measures of knowledge and awareness for a more comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of diet and PA in adolescents. Furthermore, there is a need for more evidence on the reliability and validity of these tools for use, in both cross sectional and longitudinal studies, in LMIC contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trish Muzenda
- Global Diet and Physical Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK. .,Research Initiative for Cities Health and Equity (RICHE), Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
| | - Monika Kamkuemah
- Research Initiative for Cities Health and Equity (RICHE), Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Jane Battersby
- African Centre for Cities, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7945, South Africa
| | - Tolu Oni
- Global Diet and Physical Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,Research Initiative for Cities Health and Equity (RICHE), Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
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5
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Byun D, Kim R, Oh H. Leisure-time and study-time Internet use and dietary risk factors in Korean adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1791-1801. [PMID: 34258617 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged screen time is associated with an increased risk of obesity in adolescents. However, little is known about whether Internet use is also associated with dietary risk factors including consumption of obesogenic foods. OBJECTIVES In this study, we examined the associations of leisure-time and study-time Internet use with dietary risk factors in Korean adolescents using nationally representative survey data. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 54,416 middle and high school students in the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey 2015. Participants were asked to report the average duration of leisure-time and study-time Internet use, days of skipping breakfast, and frequency of fruit, vegetable, instant noodle, fast-food, chip/cracker, and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intakes. We performed multivariable logistic regression to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for the relations between duration of Internet use and dietary risk factors, accounting for complex survey sampling and adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Prolonged leisure-time Internet use (≥241 compared with 1-60 min/d) was associated with higher prevalence of frequent skipping breakfast (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.29, 1.49), low intakes of fruits (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.36) and vegetables (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.33, 1.55), and high intakes of instant noodles (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.74, 2.02), fast-food (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.49, 1.78), chips/crackers (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.52), and SSBs (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.52, 1.75). Prolonged study-time Internet use (≥121 compared with 1-60 min/d) was inversely associated with prevalence of low fruit (OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.00) and vegetable (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.98) intakes but was positively associated with high intakes of instant noodles (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.19) and chips/crackers (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.23). The overall associations remained consistent in analyses stratified by sex, grade, region, parental co-residence, perceived household income, perceived stress level, physical activity, and obesity status. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that prolonged Internet use, particularly during leisure time, is associated with less healthful dietary behaviors in Korean adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyun Byun
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rockli Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hannah Oh
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Multiple behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases among adolescents in four Caribbean countries: prevalence and correlates. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2021; 33:305-312. [PMID: 34142510 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2021-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among adolescents in four Caribbean countries. CONTENT In all 9,143 adolescents (15 years = median age) participated in the cross-sectional "2016 Dominican Republic, 2016 Suriname, 2017 Jamaica, and 2017 Trinidad and Tobago Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)". Eight behavioural risk factors of NCDs were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. SUMMARY Prevalence of each behavioural NCD risk factor was physical inactivity (84.2%), inadequate fruit and vegetable intake (82.2%), leisure-time sedentary behaviour (49.6%), daily ≥2 soft drinks intake (46.8%), ever drunk (28.6%), twice or more days a week fast food consumption (27.6%), having overweight/obesity (27.4%), and current tobacco use (13.8%). Students had on average 3.6 (SD=1.4), and 79.0% had 3-8 behavioural NCD risk factors. In multivariable linear regression, psychological distress and older age increased the odds, and attending school and parental support decreased the odds of multiple behavioural NCD risk factors. OUTLOOK A high prevalence and co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors of NCDs was discovered and several factors independently contributing to multiple behavioural NCD risk factors were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa.,Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Khadan J, Spencer N, Strobl E, Bose-Duker T. Factors Associated With Being Overweight or Obese in Suriname. Int J Public Health 2021; 66:1604101. [PMID: 34744598 PMCID: PMC8565296 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2021.1604101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify the socio-demographic risk factors that are associated with adult Body Mass Index. Methods: We apply probit and ordinal probit models to a sample of 3,803 adults aged 20 and above from the 2016/17 round of the Suriname Survey of Living Conditions. Results: Women, the elderly, and couples who are either married and/or living together are more likely to be obese or overweight. This is also true for individuals who have chronic illnesses. We also find that individuals who engage in a sport or in other forms of exercise, even if modest, have lower odds of being overweight or obese. Interestingly, our findings indicate that individuals who benefit from government social safety net programs are less likely to be associated with being overweight or obese. Conclusion: Obesity could become a serious public health issue if not addressed appropriately. Policymakers should promptly develop a national strategy to help health care systems cope with the outcomes of obesity and to tackle the risk factors that have the greatest impacts on individual Body Mass Index.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nekeisha Spencer
- Department of Economics, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Eric Strobl
- Department of Economics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Jung S, Whittemore R, Jeon S, Nam S. Mediating roles of psychological factors and physical and social environments between socioeconomic status and dietary behaviors among African Americans with overweight or obesity. Res Nurs Health 2021; 44:513-524. [PMID: 33782981 PMCID: PMC8068664 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The study aim was to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and dietary behaviors through psychological and environmental mediators among African Americans with overweight or obesity. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 225 African American men and women. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with bootstrapping procedures. In the multiple mediation model, SES had a significant indirect effect on dietary behaviors through psychological and environmental factors (β = -.27; p = .01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.59--0.10), but it had no significant direct effect on dietary behaviors (β = .06; p = .70; 95% CI = -0.21-0.39). SES had significant direct effects on psychological (β = .52; p = .01; 95% CI = 0.31-0.77) and environmental factors (β = -.40; p = .03; 95% CI = -0.53--0.25). Psychological (β = -.31; p = .02; 95% CI = -0.68--0.04) and environmental factors (β = .26; p = .01; 95% CI = 0.04-0.47) also showed significant direct effects on dietary behaviors. Thus, psychological and environmental factors mediated the relationship between SES and dietary behaviors in African Americans with overweight or obesity. Interventions that enhance psychological and environmental factors such as self-efficacy, perceived barriers to healthy eating, health perceptions, and physical and social environments may improve dietary behaviors among socioeconomically disadvantaged African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Jung
- Yale University, School of Nursing, Orange, CT 06477
| | | | | | - Soohyun Nam
- Yale University, School of Nursing, Orange, CT 06477
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9
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Nury E, Morze J, Grummich K, Rücker G, Hoffmann G, Angele CM, Steinacker JM, Conrad J, Schmid D, Meerpohl JJ, Schwingshackl L. Effects of nutrition intervention strategies in the primary prevention of overweight and obesity in school settings: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2021; 10:122. [PMID: 33888162 PMCID: PMC8063346 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents are major public health challenges affecting quality of life and representing important risk factors in the development of non-communicable diseases. School environments provide great possibilities for the primary prevention of overweight and obesity and different school-based nutrition interventions are available. However, existing research on school-based nutrition interventions has important limitations and no network meta-analysis (NMA) has been performed yet to compare all available interventions. Therefore, the present research project aims to investigate the impact of different nutrition interventions in the school setting by comparing and ranking them using NMA methodology. METHODS/DESIGN A systematic literature search will be performed in 11 electronic databases (PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ERIC, PsycINFO, CAB Abstracts, Campbell Library, BiblioMap EPPI, Australian Education Index, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Practice Database and Practice-based Evidence in Nutrition Database). Parallel or cluster randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting the following criteria will be included: (1) generally healthy school students aged 4-18 years, (2) school-based intervention with ≥ 1 nutrition component, and (3) assessed anthropometric (overweight/obesity risk, body weight change, weight Z-score, [standardized] body mass index, body fat, waist circumference) and/or diet-quality measures (daily intake of fruits and vegetables, fat, and sugar-sweetened beverages). Random effects pairwise and NMA will be performed for these outcomes and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) estimated (P-score). Where possible, component NMA (CNMA) will be used additionally. Subgroup analyses are carried out for intervention duration, gender, age of school students, socioeconomic status, and geographical location, and sensitivity analyses by excluding high risk of bias RCTs. DISCUSSION This systematic review and NMA will be the first to both directly and indirectly compare and rank different school-based nutrition interventions for the primary prevention of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence. Our analyses will provide important insights about the effects of the different interventions and show which are the most promising. The results of our study can help inform the design of new studies and will be of value to anyone interested in developing successful, evidence-based nutrition interventions in school settings. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO: CRD42020220451 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Edris Nury
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jakub Morze
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kathrin Grummich
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cochrane Germany Foundation, Cochrane Germany, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerta Rücker
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Hoffmann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia M. Angele
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Teacher Education, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen M. Steinacker
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johanna Conrad
- Science Department, German Nutrition Society, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Schmid
- Division for Quantitative Methods in Public Health and Health Services Research, Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT - Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tyrol, Austria
| | - Jörg J. Meerpohl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cochrane Germany Foundation, Cochrane Germany, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Cunningham-Myrie C, Theall KP, Younger-Coleman N, Greene LG, Lyew-Ayee P, Wilks R. Associations of neighborhood physical and crime environments with obesity-related outcomes in Jamaica. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249619. [PMID: 33819299 PMCID: PMC8021199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether proximity and density of public open spaces, public parks, street connectivity, and serious and violent crimes were associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (WC) within and across levels of urbanicity, sex and socioeconomic status (SES) in Jamaica, a small island developing state (SIDS). METHODS Secondary analysis was conducted using data from the Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey 2008 (JHLS II). All respondents were geocoded to area of residence in Enumeration Districts (EDs). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were derived and multilevel mixed effects regression models applied to 2529 participants nested within 101 EDs from all 14 parishes in Jamaica. RESULTS There was significant clustering across neighborhoods for mean BMI (ICC = 4.16%) and mean WC (ICC = 4.42%). In fully adjusted models statistically significant associations included: increased mean BMI among men, with increased intersection density/ km2 (β = 0.02; 95% CI = 1.96 x10-3, 0.04, p = 0.032); increased mean WC among urban residents with increased crimes/km2/yr (β = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.16, p<0.01) and among persons in the middle class, with further distance away from public parks (β = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.08, 0.53, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Neighborhood physical and crime environments were associated with obesity-related outcomes in Jamaica. Policymakers in SIDS such as Jamaica should also note the important differences by urbanicity, sex and SES in prevention efforts designed to stem the growing obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine P. Theall
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Novie Younger-Coleman
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Lisa-Gaye Greene
- Mona GeoInformatics Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Parris Lyew-Ayee
- Mona GeoInformatics Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Rainford Wilks
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
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11
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Campbell EH, Irving R, McFarlane S, Dilworth L, Poudevigne M, Bailey J. Evidence that variations in pre-training hydration status are related to the frequency of endurance training in elite adolescent sprinters. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 61:1620-1628. [PMID: 33586933 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the effect of dehydration on performance is widely studied, limited data concerning the levels of risk training types pose to hydration status exists. This study sought to determine: (a) pre-training hydration status in adolescent sprinters relative to non-athletes, (b) changes in hydration markers across a season of adolescent sprinters relative to non-athletes, and (c) if frequency of training type explains unique variance in hydration. METHODS Hydration [via pre-training urine osmolality (UOsm) and thirst perception (TP)], daily water intake (TWI) [via 24-h food/fluid diaries] and frequencies of resistance, endurance and sprint training types (via training regime questionnaires) were assessed in 26 sprinters (age: 15.6±1.9 years) and 26 non-athletes (age: 16.0±1.6 years), during 4 mesocycles [general (T1) and specific (T2) preparation; pre-competitive (T3) and peaking (T4) phases], over 26 weeks. RESULTS Most athletes (62%-81%) and non-athletes (73%-92%) were underhydrated (UOsm>700 mOsmol/kg) pre-training across the season, despite a low TP. There were significant time (p =.042) and group (p =.006) effects, and a main group by time interaction for UOsm (p =.006) but not TP across the season, after controlling for TWI. Greater UOsm (in mOsmol/kg) were observed during T1 (906.3±250.1) and T2 (934.5±257.0) compared to T3 (852.1±268.8) and T4 (854.2±218.8). There was no significant change across the season for non-athletes. Frequencies of endurance training were positively associated with UOsm and explained unique variances across the season (R2 range from 7%-16%). CONCLUSIONS Underhydration is high in the adolescent population. Training type may be related to the variations in hydration throughout a season, which may help to inform hydration practices of sprint athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eon H Campbell
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica -
| | - Rachael Irving
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Shelly McFarlane
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies at Mona, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Lowell Dilworth
- Department of Pathology, The University of the West Indies at Mona, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Melanie Poudevigne
- Health and Fitness Management, Clayton State University, Morrow, GA, USA
| | - Janel Bailey
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
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12
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Altink H. Tackling child malnutrition in Jamaica, 1962-2020. HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 7:50. [PMID: 33474556 PMCID: PMC7116602 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-020-00536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
On the eve of independence in 1962, malnutrition was the largest single cause of death in Jamaica for children under one. Although child malnutrition rates have rapidly declined since 1962, today Jamaica experiences a double burden of malnutrition: the coexistence of pockets of high child malnutrition with rising levels of childhood obesity. Based on a wide range of sources, including public documents, newspaper reports, scientific studies and reports by international agencies, this article examines a gradual decline in child malnutrition and the rise of the double burden of malnutrition in Jamaica from independence to the present. It will first of all show that changes in the global economy and overseas loans and aid both aided and limited the ability of the Jamaican government to lower child malnutrition levels and also contributed to a rise in childhood obesity. Second, it will illustrate that a traditional deficit-led approach to child malnutrition was followed in post-independent Jamaica, focussing on the public and individuals as targets for intervention and using quantitative measures to trace progress. And third, it will question whether the double burden of child malnutrition will give rise to 'healthy publics'-'dynamic collectives of people, ideas and environments that can enable health and well-being'.
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13
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Mohammadi-Nasrabadi F, Zargaraan A, Salmani Y, Esfarjani F. Challenges of Cooking Oils in Fast-Food Restaurants of Iran: Views of Consumers. INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION 2019; 40:135-141. [PMID: 31345122 DOI: 10.1177/0272684x19862473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore Tehranian women’s perceptions about the quality and safety of cooking oils in fast-food restaurants and their behavior toward these challenges in 2018. A qualitative study with eight focus group discussions was conducted among 82 women using content analysis and constant comparison methods. Three categories emerged with 4 themes and 27 subthemes: (a) high usage of frying foods, (b) fast-food restaurants, and (c) building community trust. The majority of women had desirable knowledge about the disadvantages of cooking oils used in fast-food restaurants. The participants mentioned that the most challenging problem of fast-food restaurants was the reused cooking oils. Therefore, the health policy-makers should consider to develop a guideline for improving the cooking oils’ quality and safety in fast-food restaurants. It is recommended that the restaurant inspection system should be examined to identify appropriate ways of ensuring food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohammadi-Nasrabadi
- Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aziz Zargaraan
- Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Salmani
- Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Esfarjani
- Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cunningham-Myrie CA, Royal-Thomas TYN, Bailey AE, Gustat J, Theall KP, Harrison JE, Reid ME. Use of a public park for physical activity in the Caribbean: evidence from a mixed methods study in Jamaica. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:894. [PMID: 31286918 PMCID: PMC6615202 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7247-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small island Caribbean countries such as Jamaica are now facing an epidemic of obesity and decreased physical activity (PA) levels. Public parks have been shown to be important resources for PA that also provide psychological and social benefits associated with increased PA. There are no studies that document PA in parks in the Caribbean. METHODS This study utilized a mixed method approach by using the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) to obtain baseline data on park usage patterns in Emancipation Park, a large urban public park in Jamaica. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted to gain additional insights on the park's use for PA. RESULTS The park was used mostly by females, in the evenings and by persons 18-64 years old. Females had significantly lower mean energy expenditure (EE) than males (0.078 versus 0.080 kcal/kg/min, p < 0.05). In-depth interviews revealed that safety, a central location within a business district, aesthetic appeal, a walking track and individual health benefits were key reasons for persons engaging in PA at the park. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to describe the usage of a public park for PA in Jamaica. The study elicited aspects of park use for PA in a major urban park in Jamaica from different vantage points by using direct systematic observation augmented with a qualitative approach. It revealed important differential park use for PA by sex, age group and EE levels, and provided insights into factors that motivate and hinder park usage for PA. This can be used by policymakers in Jamaica to inform PA interventions to reduce obesity, provide baseline data for comparisons with other parks in developing countries and to advocate for well-designed public parks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette A Cunningham-Myrie
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, 3 Gibraltar Camp Way 7, Mona, Jamaica.
| | - Tamika Y N Royal-Thomas
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica.,Mathematics & Statistics Department, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
| | - Althea E Bailey
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, 3 Gibraltar Camp Way 7, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Jeanette Gustat
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Katherine P Theall
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Joy E Harrison
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, 3 Gibraltar Camp Way 7, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Marvin E Reid
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
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Al Muktadir MH, Islam MA, Amin MN, Ghosh S, Siddiqui SA, Debnath D, Islam MM, Ahmed T, Sultana F. Nutrition transition - Pattern IV: Leads Bangladeshi youth to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1943-1947. [PMID: 31235119 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fast food and soft drinks consumption leading to excess calorie intake coupled with lack of acceptable physical activity has augmented the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the world population for the past few eras. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 475 youth selected by systematic random sampling attending in 27 established public and private universities and colleges of Bangladesh. The study was aimed to evaluate habitual facts associated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Bangladeshi youth. The rates of fast food consumption (once/week) are 50.6%, 43.7%, and 53.3% in overweight, pre-obese and obese-1 respondents accordingly and the rates of soft drinks consumption (4-6 times/week) are 40.5%, 59.2%, and 73.3% respectively for the same subjects. Moreover, approximately 40.8% of the youth went to fast food restaurants at least once per week and 27.2% went regularly (2 times/week). Youth having fast foods 2 times/week, consuming soft drinks 3-4 times/week were more likely to be obese. Besides, obesity epidemic was observed among those who have not the habit of doing physical exercise. This study provides evidence of increasing trend and threat to overweight and obesity for the Bangladeshi youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Ashraful Islam
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh.
| | - Supriya Ghosh
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Dipti Debnath
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Md Monirul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Tufael Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh.
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A qualitative exploration of parents', youths' and food establishment managers' perceptions of beverage industry self-regulation for obesity prevention. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:805-813. [PMID: 30755283 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018003865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the range of stakeholders' perceptions of the Balance Calories Initiative (BCI), under which the American Beverage Association pledged to decrease per capita US consumption of beverage energy by 20 % by 2025. DESIGN Semi-structured cross-sectional interviews were conducted in 2017. SETTING Participants were recruited from communities targeted by the BCI (Montgomery, AL; North Mississippi Delta, MS; Eastern Los Angeles, CA).ParticipantsA total of thirty-three parents and thirty-eight youths aged 10-17 years were recruited through youth-serving organizations, street intercept and snowball sampling; sixteen store/restaurant managers were recruited at businesses. Participants were asked about their awareness of the BCI. Parents and youths were asked to 'think aloud' as they viewed BCI messages (e.g. 'Balance What You Eat, Drink, and Do') and managers were asked about beverage marketing. RESULTS Twelve parents and twenty-four youths had seen BCI messages; only four managers were aware of the BCI. Many parents and youths showed some misunderstanding of BCI messages (e.g. that they should drink more sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) or they needed to equalize healthy and unhealthy beverage intake). Only one manager had communicated with beverage companies about the BCI. CONCLUSIONS We found mixed comprehension and low awareness of BCI messages in communities targeted by the American Beverage Association for reduced SSB consumption. Industry self-regulation attempts to reduce SSB consumption may have limited effectiveness if stakeholder input is not addressed. Public health practitioners should be aware of the need to address youths' and parents' misunderstandings about SSB consumption, especially in BCI-targeted communities.
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Ndagire CT, Muyonga JH, Nakimbugwe D. Fruit and vegetable consumption, leisure-time physical activity, and sedentary behavior among children and adolescent students in Uganda. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:599-607. [PMID: 30847139 PMCID: PMC6392852 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and participation in leisure-time physical activity (PA) and in sedentary behavior in accordance with the recommendations are met in a minority of populations including children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE To describe the frequency of FV intake, leisure-time PA, and sedentary behavior, assess compliance with international recommendations, and how selected factors are associated with these recommendations. METHODS The FV consumption and PA questionnaire items previously assessed for reliability in a Ugandan setting were used to gather information about FV consumption, PA, and sedentary behavior among 621 children and adolescents attending schools in Kampala Uganda. The results of FV consumption and PA were categorized as adequate or inadequate while sedentary behavior was categorized as adequate or excess. The relationship between FV consumption, PA, and sedentary behavior with selected independent variables was verified by chi-square test statistic. RESULTS Half of the participants (50%) reported inadequate fruit consumption, and 76% of them reported inadequate vegetable consumption. More children (68%) than young adolescents (52%) and older adolescents (44%) met their daily recommendation for fruit consumption. A similar trend was observed for vegetable consumption. Adequacy of FV intake was significantly associated with participant's age, level of education, school ownership, and type of school. Less of 8- to 17-year-olds (14%) than 18 years and above olds (41%) met their weekly recommendation for leisure-time PA. Majority of participants (54%) participated in acceptable levels of sedentary behaviors. Leisure-time PA was significantly associated with age category and school ownership while sedentary behavior was significantly associated with participant's age and education level. CONCLUSIONS The intake of FV and participation in leisure-time PA was not adequate in the study population. A significant proportion of participants engaged in excess sedentary behavior. Developing and implementing strategies to increase FV intake and PA among children and adolescents in schools should be a national priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine T. Ndagire
- School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio‐engineeringMakerere UniversityKampalaUganda
| | - John H. Muyonga
- School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio‐engineeringMakerere UniversityKampalaUganda
| | - Dorothy Nakimbugwe
- School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio‐engineeringMakerere UniversityKampalaUganda
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18
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Giray C, Ferguson GM. Say yes to "Sunday Dinner" and no to "Nyam and Scram": Family mealtimes, nutrition, and emotional health among adolescents and mothers in Jamaica. Appetite 2018; 128:129-137. [PMID: 29803778 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.05.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We explore the quantity (frequency) and quality (priority, atmosphere, structure) of family mealtimes and associations with nutritional and emotional health in Jamaica. Urban adolescents (N = 330, M = 13.8 years, SD = 1.8, 64% girls) and their mothers (M = 41.4 years, SD = 7.8) completed questionnaires. On average, mothers reported having family meals 3-4 times/week and mealtime quality, but not quantity, was associated with health. Correlations revealed that mothers ate more unhealthily if they watched more TV during meals, and actor-partner independence modeling showed that high SES adolescents ate more unhealthily if their mothers had more difficulty finding time for family meals (and vice versa: partner interaction). Additionally, adolescents and mothers were more psychologically distressed if they themselves had more difficulty finding time for family meals, if they had less positive attitudes/behaviors around mealtime atmosphere (actor effects), or if they were high SES individuals placing lower importance on mealtimes (actor interaction). Overall, however many weekly meals Jamaican families are able to share together, what's important is to make those mealtimes count as quality time. Leisurely family meals with enjoyable conversation uninterrupted by television, such as the age-old Jamaican tradition of "Sunday Dinner", may nourish both body and soul.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagla Giray
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 230 Bevier Hall, 905 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Gail M Ferguson
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2015 Doris Kelley Christopher Hall, MC-081, 904 West Nevada Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Mellendick K, Shanahan L, Wideman L, Calkins S, Keane S, Lovelady C. Diets Rich in Fruits and Vegetables Are Associated with Lower Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adolescents. Nutrients 2018; 10:E136. [PMID: 29382069 PMCID: PMC5852712 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are public health concerns in adolescents, yet few studies have examined the association of their diet to CVD risk factors. This study investigated associations between diet, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), and blood lipids in 163 16-17 year olds. Diet recall data were converted into Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI) to assess diet quality. Differences in diet between groups with normal or obese BMI, normal or hypertensive BP, and normal or altered lipids were determined. Associations between diet and BMI, WC, BP, and lipids, controlling for race, gender, and socioeconomic status, were examined. Mean HEI was 49.2 (±12.0), with no differences observed between groups. HEI was not associated with any CVD risk. Sweetened beverage consumption was higher in obese adolescents, and positively related to total cholesterol (TC). Fruit intake was negatively related to BMI and diastolic BP. Total vegetable intake was negatively related to systolic BP. Greens and beans were negatively related to TC and LDL. Whole grains were negatively related to HDL. This research suggests a cardioprotective effect of diets rich in fruits and vegetables, as well as low in sweetened beverages in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevan Mellendick
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA.
| | - Lilly Shanahan
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Laurie Wideman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA.
| | - Susan Calkins
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA.
| | - Susan Keane
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA.
| | - Cheryl Lovelady
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA.
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Jafari F, Ehsani S, Nadjarzadeh A, Esmaillzadeh A, Noori-Shadkam M, Salehi-Abargouei A. Household food insecurity is associated with abdominal but not general obesity among Iranian children. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:350. [PMID: 28431549 PMCID: PMC5399801 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is increasing all over the world. Food insecurity is mentioned as a possible risk factor; however, previous studies have led to inconsistent results in different societies while data are lacking for the Middle East. We aimed to investigate the relationship between food insecurity and general or abdominal obesity in Iranian children in a cross-sectional study. METHODS Anthropometric data including height, weight, and waist circumference were measured by trained nutritionists. General and abdominal obesity were defined based on world health organization (WHO) and Iranian reference curves for age and gender, respectively. Radimer/Cornell food security questionnaire was filled by parents. Data about the physical activity of participants, family socio-economic status, parental obesity and data about perinatal period were also gathered using self-administered questionnaires. Logistic regression was incorporated to investigate the association between food insecurity and obesity in crude and multi-variable adjusted models. RESULTS A total of 587 children aged 9.30 ± 1.49 years had complete data for analysis. Food insecurity at household level was significantly associated with abdominal obesity (odds ratio (OR) = 1.54; confidence interval (CI):1.01-2.34, p <0.05) and the relationship remained significant after adjusting for all potential confounding variables (OR = 2.02; CI:1.01-4.03, p <0.05). Food insecurity was associated with general obesity neither in crude analysis and multi-variable adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS The slight levels of food insecurity might increase the likelihood of abdominal obesity in Iranian children and macroeconomic policies to improve the food security are necessary. Large-scale prospective studies, particularly in the Middle East, are highly recommended to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Jafari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Simin Ehsani
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Nadjarzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Noori-Shadkam
- Department of Pediatrics, Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, PO Code 8915173160, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Yeh MC, Parikh NS, Megliola AE, Kelvin EA. Immigration Status, Visa Types, and Body Weight Among New Immigrants in the United States. Am J Health Promot 2016; 32:771-778. [PMID: 27899682 DOI: 10.1177/0890117116677797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between immigration-related factors and body mass index (BMI) among immigrants. DESIGN Secondary analyses of cross-sectional survey data. SETTING The New Immigrant Survey (NIS-2003) contains data from in-person or telephone interviews between May and November 2003, with a probability sample of immigrants granted legal permanent residency in the United States. PARTICIPANTS A total of 8573 US immigrants. MEASURES The NIS-2003 provided data on sociobehavioral domains, including migration history, education, employment, marital history, language, and health-related behaviors. The visa classifications are as follows: (1) family reunification, (2) employment, (3) diversity, (4) refugee, and (5) legalization. ANALYSIS Nested multivariable linear regression analysis was used to estimate the independent relationships between BMI and the variables of interest. RESULTS Overall, 32.6% of participants were overweight and 11.3% were obese (mean BMI = 25). Participants who were admitted to the United States with employment, refugee, or legalization visas compared with those who came with family reunion visas had a significantly higher BMI ( P < .001, P < .001, P < .01, respectively). Duration in the United States predicted BMI, with those immigrants in the United States longer having a higher BMI ( P < .001). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that immigrants who obtain particular visa categorizations and immigration status might have a higher risk of being overweight or obese. Immigrants need to be targeted along with the rest of the US population for weight management interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chin Yeh
- 1 Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nina S Parikh
- 2 College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison E Megliola
- 1 Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Kelvin
- 3 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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Silva DCDA, Frazão IDS, Osório MM, Vasconcelos MGLD. Perception of adolescents on healthy eating. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2015; 20:3299-308. [PMID: 26602708 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320152011.00972015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective in this article is to analyze how adolescents at a school in the interior of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, perceive healthy eating. A descriptive and exploratory study was undertaken, based on the qualitative method. Forty adolescents between 10 and 14 years of age were investigated, using a semistructured interview. The interviews were analyzed using the software Alceste, which evidenced two thematic axes: Eating practices, divided in two classes (routine eating diary and Eating at weekends); and Education practices, consisting of four classes (Factors interfering in and facilitating the maintenance of healthy eating, Role of the school in the education process for healthy eating, Knowledge on healthy eating, The family and the promotion of healthy eating). Although the interviewed adolescents are familiar with healthy eating, they do not always put it in practice, due to the multiple factors that interfere in their preferred diet. The school and the family play a fundamental role in encouraging healthy eating. The school needs to accomplish eating education practices that encourage the consumption of locally produced foods.
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Funtikova AN, Navarro E, Bawaked RA, Fíto M, Schröder H. Impact of diet on cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents. Nutr J 2015; 14:118. [PMID: 26574072 PMCID: PMC4647337 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The manifestation of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, and particularly obesity begins in children and adolescents, with deleterious effects for cardiometabolic health at adulthood. Although the impact of diet on cardiovascular risk factors has been studied extensively in adults, showing that their cardiometabolic health is strongly lifestyle-dependent, less is known about this impact in children and adolescents. In particular, little is known about the relationship between their dietary patterns, especially when derived a posteriori, and cardiovascular risk. An adverse association of cardiovascular health and increased intake of sodium, saturated fat, meat, fast food and soft drinks has been reported in this population. In contrast, vitamin D, fiber, mono-and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, dairy, fruits and vegetables were positively linked to cardiovascular health. The aim of this review was to summarize current epidemiological and experimental evidence on the impact of nutrients, foods, and dietary pattern on cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents. A comprehensive review of the literature available in English and related to diet and cardiometabolic health in this population was undertaken via the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Medline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Funtikova
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Food and Nutrition PhD program, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estanislau Navarro
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rowaedh Ahmed Bawaked
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedicine PhD program, University of Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fíto
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
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Overweight and Obesity and Associated Factors among School-Aged Adolescents in Six Pacific Island Countries in Oceania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:14505-18. [PMID: 26580638 PMCID: PMC4661663 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121114505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess overweight and obesity and associated factors in school-going adolescents in six Pacific Island countries in Oceania. The sample included 10,424 school-going adolescents predominantly 13–16 years old from Fiji, Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between dietary behaviour, substance use, physical activity, psychosocial factors, social-familial influences, and overweight or obesity. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was determined based on self-reported height and weight and the international child body mass index standards. Results indicate a prevalence of overweight or obesity of 24.3% and obesity of 6.1% in the six countries, ranging in terms of overweight or obesity and obesity from 12.0% and 0.4% in Vanuatu to 58.7% and 21.1% in Tonga, respectively. In multivariable regression analysis, being female was associated with overweight, carbonated soft drink use with obesity, sedentary behaviour with overweight or obesity, suicidal ideation with overweight, having close friends and peer support with overweight and obesity, parental or guardian supervision with overweight, and parental or guardian bonding was associated with overweight or obesity. High prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were found and several factors identified which can help guide interventions.
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Ochola S, Masibo PK. Dietary intake of schoolchildren and adolescents in developing countries. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2014; 64 Suppl 2:24-40. [PMID: 25341871 DOI: 10.1159/000365125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
School age and adolescence is a dynamic period of growth and development forming a strong foundation for good health and productive adult life. Appropriate dietary intake is critical for forming good eating habits and provides the much needed nutrients for growth, long-term health, cognition and educational achievements. A large proportion of the population globally is in the school age or adolescence, with more than three quarters of these groups living in developing countries. An up-to-date review and discussion of the dietary intake of schoolchildren and adolescents in developing countries is suitable to provide recent data on patterns of dietary intake, adequacy of nutrient intake and their implications for public health and nutrition issues of concern. This review is based on literature published from 2000 to 2014 on dietary intake of schoolchildren and adolescents aged 6-19 years. A total of 50 studies from 42 countries reporting on dietary intake of schoolchildren and adolescents were included. The dietary intake of schoolchildren and adolescents in developing countries is limited in diversity, mainly comprising plant-based food sources, but with limited intake of fruits and vegetables. There is a low energy intake and insufficient micronutrient intake. At the same time, the available data indicate an emerging trend of consumption of high-energy snacks and beverages, particularly in urban areas. The existence of a negative and positive energy balance in the same population points to the dual burden of malnutrition and highlights the emerging nutrition transition in developing countries. This observation is important for planning public health nutrition approaches that address the concerns of the two ends of the nutrition divide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Ochola
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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Silva DAS. Socioeconomic inequalities in abdominal obesity in Brazilian female adolescents: a national-based study. Eur J Pediatr 2013; 172:1665-70. [PMID: 23903562 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-013-2106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the prevalence of abdominal obesity and verify the socioeconomic inequities in abdominal obesity among female adolescents from all regions of Brazil. A cross sectional nationwide study was carried out on abdominal obesity with 2,488 women aged 15 to 19 years in the National Survey on Demography and Health of Women and Children (PNDS), 2006. Abdominal obesity was identified based on waist circumference (WC). Demographic and socioeconomic data (age, skin color, schooling level, socioeconomic status, area of residence, geographic region, marital status, and private health insurance) were collected. Poisson regression was used for multivariate analysis. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 24.7 % (95 % confidence intervals; 20.9, 28.3). The mean WC value was 74.1 cm (SD=9.3). Adolescents who studied fewer years, those living in a socially and economically more developed region and those who had a partner, showed higher prevalence of abdominal obesity. Effective actions to reduce abdominal obesity include equitable early childhood development programs and education and interventions within the health systems should be complemented with population-based policies specifically designed to reduce socioeconomic inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Centro de Desportos, Programa de Pós Graduação em Educação Física, Campus Universitário Trindade, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88010-970, Brazil,
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McFarlane S, Younger N, Francis D, Gordon-Strachan G, Wilks R. Risk behaviours and adolescent depression in Jamaica. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2012.751041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Effects on uric acid, body mass index and blood pressure in adolescents of consuming beverages sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012; 37:532-9. [PMID: 22890489 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2012.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Investigation into longitudinal dietary behaviours and household socio-economic indicators and their association with BMI Z-score and fat mass in South African adolescents: the Birth to Twenty (Bt20) cohort. Public Health Nutr 2012; 16:693-703. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980012003308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary habits, change in socio-economic status and BMI Z-score and fat mass in a cohort of South African adolescents.DesignIn the longitudinal study, data were collected at ages 13, 15 and 17 years on a birth cohort who have been followed since 1990. Black participants with complete dietary habits data (breakfast consumption during the week and at weekends, snacking while watching television, eating main meal with family, lunchbox use, number of tuck shop purchases, fast-food consumption, confectionery consumption and sweetened beverage consumption) at all three ages and body composition data at age 17 years were included in the analyses. Generalized estimating equations were used to test the associations between individual longitudinal dietary habits and obesity (denoted by BMI Z-score and fat mass) with adjustments for change in socio-economic status between birth and age 12 years.SettingBirth to Twenty (Bt20) study, Soweto-Johannesburg, South Africa.SubjectsAdolescents (n 1298; 49·7 % male).ResultsIn males, the multivariable analyses showed that soft drink consumption was positively associated with both BMI Z-score and fat mass (P < 0·05). Furthermore, these relationships remained the same after adjustment for socio-economic indicators (P < 0·05). No associations were found in females.ConclusionsLongitudinal soft drink consumption was associated with increased BMI Z-score and fat mass in males only. Fridge ownership at birth (a proxy for greater household disposable income in this cohort) was shown to be associated with both BMI Z-score and fat mass.
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Guerrero AD, Slusser WM, Barreto PM, Rosales NF, Kuo AA. Latina mothers' perceptions of healthcare professional weight assessments of preschool-aged children. Matern Child Health J 2012; 15:1308-15. [PMID: 20865447 PMCID: PMC3195685 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-010-0683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To understand Latina mothers' definitions of health and obesity in their children and perceptions of physician weight assessments. 24 low-income Spanish speaking Mexican mothers of children ages 2-5 years were recruited to participate in 4 focus groups. Half of the mothers had overweight or obese children and half had healthy weight children. Focus group comments were transcribed and analyzed using grounded theory. Themes and supporting comments were identified independently by 3 reviewers for triangulation. A fourth reader independently confirmed common themes. Mothers define health as a function of their child's ability to play and engage in all aspects of life. Obesity was defined with declining physical abilities. Mothers state health care provider assessments help determine a child's overweight status. Causative factors of obesity included family role-modeling and psycho-social stress, physical inactivity, and high-fat foods consumed outside the home. Controlling food intake was the primary approach to preventing and managing obesity but mothers described family conflict related to children's eating habits. These findings held constant with mothers regardless of whether their children were overweight, obese, or at a healthy weight. Mothers utilize physical limitations and health care professional's assessment of their child's weight as indicators of an overweight status. These results highlight the importance of calculating and communicating body mass indices (BMI) for Latino children. Eliminating non-nutritive foods from the home, increasing physical activity, and involving family members in the discussion of health and weight maintenance are important strategies for the prevention and management of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma D Guerrero
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
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Steyn NP, Labadarios D, Nel JH. Factors which influence the consumption of street foods and fast foods in South Africa--a national survey. Nutr J 2011; 10:104. [PMID: 21967754 PMCID: PMC3222608 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Very little is known about street food and fast food consumption patterns in South Africa despite this being a large sector of the national economy in terms of employment provided and sales of food. The objective of this study was to determine the use of street foods and fast foods purchased by South Africans living in different provinces and geographic areas. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Structured interview-administered questionnaires in 11 official languages were conducted at the participants' homes. A nationally representative sample (n = 3287) was drawn from all ethnic groups, and provinces including participants 16 years and older. Logistic regression was done to evaluate factors impacting on fast food consumption. Results Frequent (2 ≥ times/week) street food consumption ranged from 1.8% in Northern Cape to 20.6% in Limpopo; frequent (2 ≥ times/week) fast food consumption ranged between 1.5% in North West Province to 14.7% in Gauteng. The highest intake of street food was in the medium socio-economic category (14.7%) while the highest intake of fast foods was in the high socio-economic category (13.2%). Overall, fruit was the most commonly purchased street food by all ethnic groups over the previous week although this practice was highest in black participants (35.8%). Purchases of soft drinks ranged from 4.8% in whites to 16.4% in blacks and savoury snacks from 2.3% to 14.5% in whites and blacks, respectively. Consumption of fast foods and street foods were influenced by a number of socio-demographic factors including ownership of major home appliances. Frequent fast food consumers had a significantly higher dietary diversity score (4.69; p < 0.0001) while frequent street food consumers had a significantly lower score (3.81; p < 0.0001). Conclusions A large percentage of the population purchase street foods and fast foods. This is of some concern when one notes the high prevalence of soft drink consumption in terms of its association with obesity and non-communicable diseases. These findings need to be taken into consideration when evaluating dietary patterns and nutritional adequacy of population diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelia P Steyn
- Centre for the Study of Social and Environmental Determinants of Nutrition, Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation: Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, RSA.
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Davidi A, Reynolds J, Njike VY, Ma Y, Doughty K, Katz DL. The effect of the addition of daily fruit and nut bars to diet on weight, and cardiac risk profile, in overweight adults. J Hum Nutr Diet 2011; 24:543-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2011.01201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Sharkey JR, Johnson CM, Dean WR. Less-healthy eating behaviors have a greater association with a high level of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among rural adults than among urban adults. Food Nutr Res 2011; 55:5819. [PMID: 21845142 PMCID: PMC3153312 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v55i0.5819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is associated with the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States; however, little is known about how less-healthy eating behaviors influence high levels of SSB consumption among rural adults. OBJECTIVE We assessed the frequency of SSB consumption among rural and urban adults, examined the correlates of frequent SSB consumption, and determined difference in correlates between rural and urban adults in a large region of Texas. DESIGN A cross-sectional study using data on 1,878 adult participants (urban=734 and rural=1,144), who were recruited by random digit dialing to participate in the seven-county 2006 Brazos Valley Community Health Assessment. Data included demographic characteristics, eating behaviors (SSB consumption, frequency of fast-food meals, frequency of breakfast meals, and daily fruit and vegetable intake), and household food insecurity. RESULTS The prevalence of any consumption of SSB and the prevalence of high consumption of SSB were significantly higher among rural adults compared with urban counterparts. The multivariable logistic regression models indicated that a high level of SSB consumption (≥3 cans or glasses SSB/day) was associated with demographic characteristics (poverty-level income and children in the home), frequent consumption of fast-food meals, infrequent breakfast meals, low fruit and vegetable intake, and household food insecurity especially among rural adults. CONCLUSIONS This study provides impetus for understanding associations among multiple eating behaviors, especially among economically and geographically disadvantaged adults. New strategies are needed for educating consumers, not only about how to moderate their SSB intake, but also how to simultaneously disrupt the co-occurrence of undesirable eating and promote healthful eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Sharkey
- Program for Research in Nutrition and Health Disparities, Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Cassandra M. Johnson
- Program for Research in Nutrition and Health Disparities, Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Wesley R. Dean
- Program for Research in Nutrition and Health Disparities, Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
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Dubois L, Francis D, Burnier D, Tatone-Tokuda F, Girard M, Gordon-Strachan G, Fox K, Wilks R. Household food insecurity and childhood overweight in Jamaica and Québec: a gender-based analysis. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:199. [PMID: 21453491 PMCID: PMC3078098 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood overweight is not restricted to developed countries: a number of lower- and middle-income countries are struggling with the double burden of underweight and overweight. Another public health problem that concerns both developing and, to a lesser extent, developed countries is food insecurity. This study presents a comparative gender-based analysis of the association between household food insecurity and overweight among 10-to-11-year-old children living in the Canadian province of Québec and in the country of Jamaica. Methods Analyses were performed using data from the 2008 round of the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development and the Jamaica Youth Risk and Resiliency Behaviour Survey of 2007. Cross-sectional data were obtained from 1190 10-year old children in Québec and 1674 10-11-year-old children in Jamaica. Body mass index was derived using anthropometric measurements and overweight was defined using Cole's age- and sex-specific criteria. Questionnaires were used to collect data on food insecurity. The associations were examined using chi-square tests and multivariate regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. Results The prevalence of overweight was 26% and 11% (p < 0.001) in the Québec and Jamaican samples, respectively. In Québec, the adjusted odds ratio for being overweight was 3.03 (95% CI: 1.8-5.0) among children living in food-insecure households, in comparison to children living in food-secure households. Furthermore, girls who lived in food-insecure households had odds of 4.99 (95% CI: 2.4-10.5) for being overweight in comparison to girls who lived in food-secure households; no such differences were observed among boys. In Jamaica, children who lived in food-insecure households had significantly lower odds (OR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.4-0.9) for being overweight in comparison to children living in food-secure households. No gender differences were observed in the relationship between food-insecurity and overweight/obesity among Jamaican children. Conclusions Public health interventions which aim to stem the epidemic of overweight/obesity should consider gender differences and other family factors associated with overweight/obesity in both developed and developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Dubois
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Institute of Population Health, 1 Stewart Street, office 303, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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de Moraes ACF, Fadoni RP, Ricardi LM, Souza TC, Rosaneli CF, Nakashima ATA, Falcão MC. Prevalence of abdominal obesity in adolescents: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2011; 12:69-77. [PMID: 20524997 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2010.00753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to (i) review extant literature on the prevalence of abdominal obesity (AO) in adolescents of both sex (10-19 years old); (ii) analyse the cut-off points used for the diagnosis of AO and (iii) compare its prevalence between developed and developing countries. The search was carried out using online databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, SCIELO and BioMed Central), references cited by retrieved articles and by contact with the authors, considering articles published from the establishment of the databanks until 19 October 2009. Only original articles and those using waist circumference in the diagnosis were considered. Twenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Fourteen of these studies were performed in developed countries. The prevalence of AO varied from 3.8% to 51.7% in adolescents from developing countries. The range of results was smaller among developed countries; with values from 8.7% to 33.2%. Eighteen different cut-off points were used. It was concluded the AO prevalence is high among adolescents, but is not clear what sex has a higher proportion and it is greater in adolescents from developing countries; however, there is no consensus in the literature about the criteria to be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C F de Moraes
- University of São Paulo School of Medicine - Children Institute - Post-Graduate Program in Science, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ramdath DD, Hilaire DG, Brambilla A, Sharma S. Nutritional composition of commonly consumed composite dishes in Trinidad. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2010; 62:34-46. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2010.504660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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