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Brownstien M, Lazar M, Botvinnik A, Shevakh C, Blakolmer K, Lerer L, Lifschytz T, Lerer B. Striking Long Term Beneficial Effects of Single Dose Psilocybin and Psychedelic Mushroom Extract in the SAPAP3 Rodent Model of OCD-Like Excessive Self-Grooming. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.25.600634. [PMID: 38979304 PMCID: PMC11230258 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.25.600634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a highly prevalent disorder that causes serious disability. Available treatments leave 40% or more of people with OCD significantly symptomatic. There is an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Mice that carry a homozygous deletion of the SAPAP3 gene (SAPAP3 KO) manifest a phenotype of excessive self-grooming, tic-like head-body twitches and anxiety. These behaviors closely resemble pathological self-grooming behaviors observed in humans in conditions that overlap with OCD. Following a preliminary report that the tryptaminergic psychedelic, psilocybin, may reduce symptoms in patients with OCD, we undertook a randomized controlled trial of psilocybin in 50 SAPAP3 KO mice (28 male, 22 female). Mice that fulfilled inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to a single intraperitoneal injection of psilocybin (4.4 mg/kg), psychedelic mushroom extract (encompassing the same psilocybin dose) or vehicle control and were evaluated after 2, 4 and 21 days by a rater blind to treatment allocation for grooming characteristics, head-body twitches, anxiety and other behavioral features. Mice treated with vehicle (n=18) manifested a 118.71±95.96 % increase in total self-grooming (the primary outcome measure) over the 21-day observation period. In contrast, total self-grooming decreased by 14.60%±17.90% in mice treated with psilocybin (n=16) and by 19.20±20.05% in mice treated with psychedelic mushroom extract (n=16) (p=.001 for effect of time; p=.0001 for time × treatment interaction). 5 mice were dropped from the vehicle group because they developed skin lesions; 4 from the psilocybin group and none from the psychedelic mushroom extract group. Secondary outcome measures such as head-body twitches and anxiety all showed a significant improvement over 21 days. Notably, in mice that responded to psilocybin (n=12) and psychedelic mushroom extract (n=13), the beneficial effect of a single treatment persisted up to 7 weeks. Mice initially treated with vehicle and non-responsive, showed a clear and lasting therapeutic response when treated with a single dose of psilocybin or psychedelic mushroom extract and followed for a further 3 weeks. While equivalent to psilocybin in overall effect on self-grooming, psychedelic mushroom extract showed superior effects in alleviating head-body twitches and anxiety. These findings strongly justify clinical trials of psilocybin in the treatment of OCD and further studies aimed at elucidating mechanisms that underlie the long-term effects to alleviate excessive self-grooming observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Brownstien
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory and Hadassah BrainLabs Center for Psychedelic Research, Hebrew University, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Lazar
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory and Hadassah BrainLabs Center for Psychedelic Research, Hebrew University, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander Botvinnik
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory and Hadassah BrainLabs Center for Psychedelic Research, Hebrew University, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chloe Shevakh
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory and Hadassah BrainLabs Center for Psychedelic Research, Hebrew University, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Leonard Lerer
- Parow Entheobiosciences (ParowBio), Chicago, IL, USA
- Back of the Yards Algae Sciences (BYAS), Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tzuri Lifschytz
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory and Hadassah BrainLabs Center for Psychedelic Research, Hebrew University, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bernard Lerer
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory and Hadassah BrainLabs Center for Psychedelic Research, Hebrew University, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Nguyen NH, Mazza TM, Hess JL, Albert AB, Elfstrom S, Forken P, Blatt SD, Fremont WP, Faraone SV, Glatt SJ. Novel genome-wide associations for effort valuation and psychopathology in children and adults. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2024; 195:e32964. [PMID: 37953388 PMCID: PMC11076170 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative was established by the US National Institute of Mental Health as a multilevel, disorder-agnostic framework for analysis of human psychopathology through designated domains and constructs, including the "Positive Valence Systems" domain focused on reward-related behavior. This study investigates the reward valuation subconstruct of "effort" and its association with genetic markers, functional neurobiological pathways, and polygenic risk scores for psychopathology in 1215 children aged 6-12 and their parents (n = 1044). All participants completed the effort expenditure for rewards task (EEfRT), which assesses "effort" according to two quantitative measures: hard-task choice and reward sensitivity. Genetic association analyses were undertaken in MAGMA, utilizing EEfRT outcome variables as genome-wide association studies phenotypes to compute SNP and gene-level associations. Genome-wide association analyses found two distinct genetic loci that were significantly associated with measures of reward sensitivity and a separate genetic locus associated with hard task choice. Gene-set enrichment analysis yielded significant associations between "effort" and multiple gene sets involved in reward processing-related pathways, including dopamine receptor signaling, limbic system and forebrain development, and biological response to cocaine. These results serve to establish "effort" as a relevant construct for understanding reward-related behavior at the genetic level and support the RDoC framework for assessing disorder-agnostic psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H. Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York USA
| | - T. Mitchell Mazza
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York USA
| | - Jonathan L. Hess
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York USA
| | - Avery B. Albert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York USA
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York USA
| | - Sarah Elfstrom
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York USA
| | - Patricia Forken
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York USA
| | - Steven D. Blatt
- Department of Pediatrics, Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Wanda P. Fremont
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York USA
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York USA
| | - Stephen J. Glatt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York USA
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Gumusoglu SB, Kiel MD, Gugel A, Schickling BM, Weaver KR, Lauffer MC, Sullivan HR, Coulter KJ, Blaine BM, Kamal M, Zhang Y, Devor EJ, Santillan DA, Gantz SC, Santillan MK. Anti-angiogenic mechanisms and serotonergic dysfunction in the Rgs2 knockout model for the study of psycho-obstetric risk. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:864-875. [PMID: 37848733 PMCID: PMC10948883 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric and obstetric diseases are growing threats to public health and share high rates of co-morbidity. G protein-coupled receptor signaling (e.g., vasopressin, serotonin) may be a convergent psycho-obstetric risk mechanism. Regulator of G Protein Signaling 2 (RGS2) mutations increase risk for both the gestational disease preeclampsia and for depression. We previously found preeclampsia-like, anti-angiogenic obstetric phenotypes with reduced placental Rgs2 expression in mice. Here, we extend this to test whether conserved cerebrovascular and serotonergic mechanisms are also associated with risk for neurobiological phenotypes in the Rgs2 KO mouse. Rgs2 KO exhibited anxiety-, depression-, and hedonic-like behaviors. Cortical vascular density and vessel length decreased in Rgs2 KO; cortical and white matter thickness and cell densities were unchanged. In Rgs2 KO, serotonergic gene expression was sex-specifically changed (e.g., cortical Htr2a, Maoa increased in females but all serotonin targets unchanged or decreased in males); redox-related expression increased in paraventricular nucleus and aorta; and angiogenic gene expression was changed in male but not female cortex. Whole-cell recordings from dorsal raphe serotonin neurons revealed altered 5-HT1A receptor-dependent inhibitory postsynaptic currents (5-HT1A-IPSCs) in female but not male KO neurons. Additionally, serotonin transporter blockade by the SSRI sertraline increased the amplitude and time-to-peak of 5-HT1A-IPSCs in KO neurons to a greater extent than in WT neurons in females only. These results demonstrate behavioral, cerebrovascular, and sertraline hypersensitivity phenotypes in Rgs2 KOs, some of which are sex-specific. Disruptions may be driven by vascular and cell stress mechanisms linking the shared pathogenesis of psychiatric and obstetric disease to reveal future targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena B Gumusoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Michaela D Kiel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Aleigha Gugel
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Brandon M Schickling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Kaylee R Weaver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Marisol C Lauffer
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
- Neural Circuits and Behavior Core, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Hannah R Sullivan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Kaylie J Coulter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Brianna M Blaine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Mushroor Kamal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Eric J Devor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Donna A Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Stephanie C Gantz
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Mark K Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
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Ho CSH, Soh MWT, Tay GWN. The diagnostic utility of miRNA and elucidation of pathological mechanisms in major depressive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2023; 121:152363. [PMID: 36580691 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Our study aims to explore how miRNAs can elucidate the molecular mechanisms of major depressive disorder (MDD) by comparing the miRNA levels in the blood serum of patients with depression and healthy individuals. It also explores the potential of miRNAs to differentiate between depressed patients and healthy controls. METHODS 60 healthy controls (n = 45 females) were matched to 60 depressed patients (n = 10 unmedicated) for age (±7), sex, ethnicity, and years of education. Depression severity was measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and venous blood was collected using PAXgene Blood RNA tubes for miRNA profiling. To further identify the depression-related biological pathways that are influenced by differentially expressed miRNAs, networks were constructed using QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were also conducted to examine the discriminative ability of miRNAs to distinguish between depressed and healthy individuals. RESULTS Six miRNAs (miR-542-3p, miR-181b-3p, miR-190a-5p, miR-33a-3p, miR-3690 and miR-6895-3p) showed to be considerably down-regulated in unmedicated depressed patients relative to healthy controls. miR-542-3p, in particular, also has experimentally verified mRNA targets that are predicted to be associated with MDD. ROC analyses found that a panel combining miR-542-3p, miR-181b-3p and miR-3690 produced an area under the curve value of 0.67 in distinguishing between depressed and healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS miRNAs - most notably, miR-542-3p, miR-181b-3p and miR-3690 - may be biomarkers with targets that are implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. They could also be used to distinguish between depressed and healthy individuals with reasonable accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Su Hui Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Michelle Wei Ting Soh
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gabrielle Wann Nii Tay
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Williams AV, Peña CJ, Ramos-Maciel S, Laman-Maharg A, Ordoñez-Sanchez E, Britton M, Durbin-Johnson B, Settles M, Hao R, Yokoyama S, Xu C, Luo PX, Dwyer T, Bhela S, Black AM, Labonté B, Serafini RA, Ruiz A, Neve RL, Zachariou V, Nestler EJ, Trainor BC. Comparative Transcriptional Analyses in the Nucleus Accumbens Identifies RGS2 as a Key Mediator of Depression-Related Behavior. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:942-951. [PMID: 36075764 PMCID: PMC9794384 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder is one of the most commonly diagnosed mental illnesses worldwide, with a higher prevalence in women than in men. Although currently available pharmacological therapeutics help many individuals, they are not effective for most. Animal models have been important for the discovery of molecular alterations in stress and depression, but difficulties in adapting animal models of depression for females has impeded progress in developing novel therapeutic treatments that may be more efficacious for women. METHODS Using the California mouse social defeat model, we took a multidisciplinary approach to identify stress-sensitive molecular targets that have translational relevance for women. We determined the impact of stress on transcriptional profiles in male and female California mouse nucleus accumbens (NAc) and compared these results with data from postmortem samples of the NAc from men and women diagnosed with major depressive disorder. RESULTS Our cross-species computational analyses identified Rgs2 (regulator of G protein signaling 2) as a transcript downregulated by social defeat stress in female California mice and in women with major depressive disorder. RGS2 plays a key role in signal regulation of neuropeptide and neurotransmitter receptors. Viral vector-mediated overexpression of Rgs2 in the NAc restored social approach and sucrose preference in stressed female California mice. CONCLUSIONS These studies show that Rgs2 acting in the NAc has functional properties that translate to changes in anxiety- and depression-related behavior. Future studies should investigate whether targeting Rgs2 represents a novel target for treatment-resistant depression in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia V Williams
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Catherine J Peña
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Evelyn Ordoñez-Sanchez
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California; Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Monica Britton
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | | | - Matt Settles
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Rebecca Hao
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Sae Yokoyama
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Christine Xu
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Pei X Luo
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Tjien Dwyer
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Shanu Bhela
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Alexis M Black
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Benoit Labonté
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Randal Alex Serafini
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Anne Ruiz
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rachael L Neve
- Gene Delivery Technology Core, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Venetia Zachariou
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Brian C Trainor
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.
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Ihlow J, Monjé N, Hoffmann I, Bischoff P, Sinn BV, Schmitt WD, Kunze CA, Darb-Esfahani S, Kulbe H, Braicu EI, Sehouli J, Denkert C, Horst D, Taube ET. Low Expression of RGS2 Promotes Poor Prognosis in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194620. [PMID: 36230542 PMCID: PMC9561967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recent advances in molecular medicine have indicated G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) as possible therapeutic targets in ovarian cancer. The cellular effects of GPCRs are determined by regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins. Especially RGS2 has currently moved into focus of cancer therapy. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed RGS2 and its association with the prognosis of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Here, we provide in situ and in silico analyses regarding the expression patterns and prognostic value of RGS2. In silico we found that RGS2 is barely detectable in tumor cells on the mRNA level in bulk and single-cell data. Applying immunohistochemistry in 519 HGSOC patients, we detected moderate to strong protein expression of RGS2 in situ in approximately half of the cohort, suggesting regulation by post translational modification. Furthermore, low protein expression of RGS2 was associated with an inferior overall- and progression-free survival. These results warrant further research of its role and related new therapeutic implications in HGSOC. Abstract RGS2 regulates G-protein signaling by accelerating hydrolysis of GTP and has been identified as a potentially druggable target in carcinomas. Since the prognosis of patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) remains utterly poor, new therapeutic options are urgently needed. Previous in vitro studies have linked RGS2 suppression to chemoresistance in HGSOC, but in situ data are still missing. In this study, we characterized the expression of RGS2 and its relation to prognosis in HGSOC on the protein level by immunohistochemistry in 519 patients treated at Charité, on the mRNA level in 299 cases from TCGA and on the single-cell level in 19 cases from publicly available datasets. We found that RGS2 is barely detectable on the mRNA level in both bulk tissue (median 8.2. normalized mRNA reads) and single-cell data (median 0 normalized counts), but variably present on the protein level (median 34.5% positive tumor cells, moderate/strong expression in approximately 50% of samples). Interestingly, low expression of RGS2 had a negative impact on overall survival (p = 0.037) and progression-free survival (p = 0.058) on the protein level in lower FIGO stages and in the absence of residual tumor burden. A similar trend was detected on the mRNA level. Our results indicated a significant prognostic impact of RGS2 protein suppression in HGSOC. Due to diverging expression patterns of RGS2 on mRNA and protein levels, posttranslational modification of RGS2 is likely. Our findings warrant further research to unravel the functional role of RGS2 in HGSOC, especially in the light of new drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Ihlow
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nanna Monjé
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Inga Hoffmann
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Bischoff
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno Valentin Sinn
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Daniel Schmitt
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Catarina Alisa Kunze
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia Darb-Esfahani
- Institute of Pathology, Berlin-Spandau, Stadtrandstraße 555, 13589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hagen Kulbe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with Center of Oncological Surgery, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Tumorbank Ovarian Cancer Network, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Ioana Braicu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with Center of Oncological Surgery, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Tumorbank Ovarian Cancer Network, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with Center of Oncological Surgery, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Tumorbank Ovarian Cancer Network, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eliane Tabea Taube
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-536-033; Fax: +49-30-450-536-900
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D'Souza MS, Seeley SL, Emerson N, Rose-Malkamaki MJ, Ho SP, Tsai YC, Kuo H, Huan CY, Rorabaugh BR. Attenuation of nicotine-induced rewarding and antidepressant-like effects in male and female mice lacking regulator of G-protein signaling 2. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 213:173338. [PMID: 35038444 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine-induced rewarding and mood altering effects contribute to the continued use of nicotine and the subsequent development of nicotine dependence. The goal of this study was to assess the role of two specific regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins namely RGS2 and RGS4 in the above described effects of nicotine. Male and female mice lacking either RGS2 (RGS2 KO) or RGS4 (RGS4 KO), and their respective wildtype (WT) littermates were used in this study. The rewarding effects of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg, base; s.c.) were assessed using the conditioned place preference model. Nicotine-induced anxiolytic-like (0.1 mg/kg, base; i.p.) and antidepressant-like (1 mg/kg, base; i.p.) effects were assessed using the elevated plus maze and tail suspension test, respectively. We also assessed effects of nicotine (0, 0.05, 0.1 & 0.5 mg/kg, base; s.c.) on spontaneous locomotor activity. Nicotine-induced rewarding and antidepressant-like effects were observed in both male and female RGS2 WT mice, but not in mice lacking RGS2 compared to respective controls. In contrast, nicotine-induced rewarding and antidepressant-like effects were observed in both male and female mice lacking RGS4 and their WT littermates. Interestingly, deletion of RGS4 facilitated antidepressant-like effect of nicotine in male, but not female mice compared to respective WT littermates. Nicotine-induced anxiolytic-like effect was not influenced by deletion of either RGS2 or RGS4, irrespective of sex. Nicotine (0.5 mg/kg) decreased locomotor activity in both WT and KO mice compared to respective saline, irrespective of genotype and sex. Taken together, these data provide evidence that RGS2, but not RGS4, plays a role in mediating the rewarding and antidepressant-like effects of nicotine. Further research is required to explore the role of RGS2 after chronic exposure to nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoranjan S D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States.
| | - Sarah L Seeley
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Nate Emerson
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Madison J Rose-Malkamaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Sheng-Ping Ho
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Yi-Chih Tsai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Henry Kuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Ching-Yu Huan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Boyd R Rorabaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
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8
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Gumusoglu S, Scroggins S, Vignato J, Santillan D, Santillan M. The Serotonin-Immune Axis in Preeclampsia. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:37. [PMID: 34351543 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the literature and detail the potential immune mechanisms by which hyperserotonemia may drive pro-inflammation in preeclampsia and to provide insights into potential avenues for therapeutic discovery. RECENT FINDINGS Preeclampsia is a severe hypertensive complication of pregnancy associated with significant maternal and fetal risk. Though it lacks any effective treatment aside from delivery of the fetus and placenta, recent work suggests that targeting serotonin systems may be one effective therapeutic avenue. Serotonin dysregulation underlies multiple domains of physiologic dysfunction in preeclampsia, including vascular hyporeactivity and excess platelet aggregation. Broadly, serotonin is increased across maternal and placental domains, driven by decreased catabolism and increased availability of tryptophan precursor. Pro-inflammation, another hallmark of the disease, may drive hyperserotonemia in preeclampsia. Interactions between immunologic dysfunction and hyperserotonemia in preeclampsia depend on multiple mechanisms, which we discuss in the present review. These include altered immune cell, kynurenine pathway metabolism, and aberrant cytokine production mechanisms, which we detail. Future work may leverage animal and in vitro models to reveal serotonin targets in the context of preeclampsia's immune biology, and ultimately to mitigate vascular and platelet dysfunction in the disease. Hyperserotonemia in preeclampsia drives pro-inflammation via metabolic, immune cell, and cytokine-based mechanisms. These immune mechanisms may be targeted to treat vascular and platelet endophenotypes in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Gumusoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
| | - Sabrina Scroggins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Julie Vignato
- University of Iowa College of Nursing, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Donna Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mark Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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9
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Chrissobolis S, Luu AN, Waldschmidt RA, Yoakum ME, D'Souza MS. Targeting the renin angiotensin system for the treatment of anxiety and depression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 199:173063. [PMID: 33115635 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Emotional disorders like anxiety and depression are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality all over the world. Several antidepressant and anxiolytic medications are available for the treatment of anxiety and depression. However, a significant number of patients either do not respond to these medications or respond inadequately. Hence, there is a need to identify novel targets for the treatment of anxiety and depression. In this review we focus on the renin angiotensin system (RAS) as a potential target for the treatment of these disorders. We review work that has evaluated the effects of various compounds targeting the RAS on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Further, we suggest future work that must be carried out to fully exploit the RAS for the treatment of anxiety and depression. The RAS provides an attractive target for both the identification of novel anxiolytic and antidepressant medications and/or for enhancing the efficacy of currently available medications used for the treatment of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophocles Chrissobolis
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States of America
| | - Anh N Luu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States of America
| | - Ryan A Waldschmidt
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States of America
| | - Madison E Yoakum
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States of America
| | - Manoranjan S D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States of America.
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10
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McNabb HJ, Zhang Q, Sjögren B. Emerging Roles for Regulator of G Protein Signaling 2 in (Patho)physiology. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:751-760. [PMID: 32973086 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in the mid-1990s, regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins have emerged as key regulators of signaling through G protein-coupled receptors. Among the over 20 known RGS proteins, RGS2 has received increasing interest as a potential therapeutic drug target with broad clinical implications. RGS2 is a member of the R4 subfamily of RGS proteins and is unique in that it is selective for Gα q Despite only having an RGS domain, responsible for the canonical GTPase activating protein activity, RGS2 can regulate additional processes, such as protein synthesis and adenylate cyclase activity, through protein-protein interactions. Here we provide an update of the current knowledge of RGS2 function as it relates to molecular mechanisms of regulation as well as its potential role in regulating a number of physiologic systems and pathologies, including cardiovascular disease and central nervous system disorders, as well as various forms of cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins represent an exciting class of novel drug targets. RGS2, in particular, could have broad clinical importance. As more details are emerging on the regulation of RGS2 in various physiological systems, the potential utility of this small protein in therapeutic development is increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison J McNabb
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Benita Sjögren
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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11
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Zhu C, Hui L, Zheng K, Liu L, Liu J, Lv W. Silencing of RGS2 enhances hippocampal neuron regeneration and rescues depression-like behavioral impairments through activation of cAMP pathway. Brain Res 2020; 1746:147018. [PMID: 32679115 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders with an increasing incidence. However, factors involved in depression are so complex, thus it is difficult to find effective strategies to reverse the impairments. This study aims to verify the role of regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2) in the mouse mode of unpredictable mild stress-induced depression-like behaviors. Knockdown of RGS2 was achieved by transfection of siRNA-RGS2 in mouse hippocampal (HT-22) cells in vitro and injection of recombinant adenovirus expressing siRNA-RGS2 in mice in vivo. An aberrant high expression of RGS2 was found in mice with depression-like behaviors through immunohistochemical analysis. Silencing of RGS2 or Forskolin (activator of cAMP pathway) developed sweet water consumption, reduced inflammation and oxidative stress injury, and attenuated cognitive impairment and neuronal damage in mice with depression-like behaviors. Furthermore, regeneration was enhanced and apoptosis was repressed in mouse hippocampal neurons in the presence of RGS2 knockdown and Forskolin. Mechanistic studies indicated that silencing of RGS2 promoted the activation of cAMP pathway, thus rescuing depression-like behaviors of mice. Collectively, our study uncovered the role of RGS2-dependent cAMP pathway in regulation of cognitive impairment and hippocampal neuron regeneration in depression-like behaviors of mice, which may be a potential therapeutic target for impairments and symptoms associated with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhu
- Department Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
| | - Li Hui
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, PR China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Linjing Liu
- Department Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Jiahong Liu
- Department Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Wei Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
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12
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Regulator of G-protein signaling 5 protein protects against anxiety- and depression-like behavior. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 30:712-721. [PMID: 31625976 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are a major health burden. Angiotensin II, via activation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-mediated brain oxidative stress and inflammation may contribute to these emotional abnormalities. In this study, we investigated the role of a regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5) protein, which regulates AT1R activity, in angiotensin II-induced brain oxidative stress, inflammation and anxiety-, and depression-like behavior. We hypothesized that deletion of the RGS5 protein would worsen angiotensin II-induced anxiety- and depression-like behavior, cerebral vascular oxidative stress, and brain inflammation. Adult male wild-type and RGS5-deficient mice were implanted with osmotic minipumps delivering either vehicle (saline) or angiotensin II (1 mg/kg/d) for three weeks. Subsequently, mice were tested for locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior (using the elevated plus maze), and depression-like behavior (using the tail suspension test). After behavioral testing, brain tissue was collected to assess oxidative stress and inflammatory proteins. RGS5 deletion resulted in anxiety-like but not depression-like behavior when compared to wild-type mice. Combined deletion of RGS5 and angiotensin II treatment did not further worsen anxiety-like behavior observed in RGS5-deficient mice. In contrast, depression-like behavior was worsened in RGS5-deficient mice treated with angiotensin II. Interestingly, RGS5 deficiency and angiotensin II treatment had no effect on cerebral vascular oxidative stress, or on expression of the inflammatory marker vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in the brain. RGS5 deficiency was also associated with decreased blood pressure and an enhanced pressor response to angiotensin II. These data suggest that RGS5 protects against anxiety-like behavior and against angiotensin II-induced depression-like behavior.
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13
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Ward J, Lyall LM, Bethlehem RAI, Ferguson A, Strawbridge RJ, Lyall DM, Cullen B, Graham N, Johnston KJA, Bailey MES, Murray GK, Smith DJ. Novel genome-wide associations for anhedonia, genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, and polygenic association with brain structure. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:327. [PMID: 31797917 PMCID: PMC6892870 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0635-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anhedonia is a core symptom of several psychiatric disorders but its biological underpinnings are poorly understood. We performed a genome-wide association study of state anhedonia in 375,275 UK Biobank participants and assessed for genetic correlation between anhedonia and neuropsychiatric conditions (major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder and Parkinson's Disease). We then used a polygenic risk score approach to test for association between genetic loading for anhedonia and both brain structure and brain function. This included: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments of total grey matter volume, white matter volume, cerebrospinal fluid volume, and 15 cortical/subcortical regions of interest; diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures of white matter tract integrity; and functional MRI activity during an emotion processing task. We identified 11 novel loci associated at genome-wide significance with anhedonia, with a SNP heritability estimate (h2SNP) of 5.6%. Strong positive genetic correlations were found between anhedonia and major depressive disorder, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder; but not with obsessive compulsive disorder or Parkinson's Disease. Polygenic risk for anhedonia was associated with poorer brain white matter integrity, smaller total grey matter volume, and smaller volumes of brain regions linked to reward and pleasure processing, including orbito-frontal cortex. In summary, the identification of novel anhedonia-associated loci substantially expands our current understanding of the biological basis of state anhedonia and genetic correlations with several psychiatric disorders confirm the utility of this phenotype as a transdiagnostic marker of vulnerability to mental illness. We also provide the first evidence that genetic risk for state anhedonia influences brain structure, including in regions associated with reward and pleasure processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Ward
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura M Lyall
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Amy Ferguson
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Donald M Lyall
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Breda Cullen
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicholas Graham
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Mark E S Bailey
- School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Graham K Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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14
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Mark MD, Wollenweber P, Gesk A, Kösters K, Batzke K, Janoschka C, Maejima T, Han J, Deneris ES, Herlitze S. RGS2 drives male aggression in mice via the serotonergic system. Commun Biol 2019; 2:373. [PMID: 31633064 PMCID: PMC6789038 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive behavior in our modern, civilized society is often counterproductive and destructive. Identifying specific proteins involved in the disease can serve as therapeutic targets for treating aggression. Here, we found that overexpression of RGS2 in explicitly serotonergic neurons augments male aggression in control mice and rescues male aggression in Rgs2-/- mice, while anxiety is not affected. The aggressive behavior is directly correlated to the immediate early gene c-fos induction in the dorsal raphe nuclei and ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus hypothalamus, to an increase in spontaneous firing in serotonergic neurons and to a reduction in the modulatory action of Gi/o and Gq/11 coupled 5HT and adrenergic receptors in serotonergic neurons of Rgs2-expressing mice. Collectively, these findings specifically identify that RGS2 expression in serotonergic neurons is sufficient to drive male aggression in mice and as a potential therapeutic target for treating aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D. Mark
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Patric Wollenweber
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Annika Gesk
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Katja Kösters
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Katharina Batzke
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Claudia Janoschka
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Takashi Maejima
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640 Japan
| | - Jing Han
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Evan S. Deneris
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Stefan Herlitze
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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15
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Squires KE, Montañez-Miranda C, Pandya RR, Torres MP, Hepler JR. Genetic Analysis of Rare Human Variants of Regulators of G Protein Signaling Proteins and Their Role in Human Physiology and Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:446-474. [PMID: 29871944 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.015354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins modulate the physiologic actions of many neurotransmitters, hormones, and other signaling molecules. Human RGS proteins comprise a family of 20 canonical proteins that bind directly to G protein-coupled receptors/G protein complexes to limit the lifetime of their signaling events, which regulate all aspects of cell and organ physiology. Genetic variations account for diverse human traits and individual predispositions to disease. RGS proteins contribute to many complex polygenic human traits and pathologies such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, schizophrenia, depression, addiction, cancers, and many others. Recent analysis indicates that most human diseases are due to extremely rare genetic variants. In this study, we summarize physiologic roles for RGS proteins and links to human diseases/traits and report rare variants found within each human RGS protein exome sequence derived from global population studies. Each RGS sequence is analyzed using recently described bioinformatics and proteomic tools for measures of missense tolerance ratio paired with combined annotation-dependent depletion scores, and protein post-translational modification (PTM) alignment cluster analysis. We highlight selected variants within the well-studied RGS domain that likely disrupt RGS protein functions and provide comprehensive variant and PTM data for each RGS protein for future study. We propose that rare variants in functionally sensitive regions of RGS proteins confer profound change-of-function phenotypes that may contribute, in newly appreciated ways, to complex human diseases and/or traits. This information provides investigators with a valuable database to explore variation in RGS protein function, and for targeting RGS proteins as future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Squires
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (K.E.S., C.M.-M., J.R.H.); and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia (R.R.P., M.P.T.)
| | - Carolina Montañez-Miranda
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (K.E.S., C.M.-M., J.R.H.); and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia (R.R.P., M.P.T.)
| | - Rushika R Pandya
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (K.E.S., C.M.-M., J.R.H.); and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia (R.R.P., M.P.T.)
| | - Matthew P Torres
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (K.E.S., C.M.-M., J.R.H.); and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia (R.R.P., M.P.T.)
| | - John R Hepler
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (K.E.S., C.M.-M., J.R.H.); and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia (R.R.P., M.P.T.)
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16
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Senese NB, Rasenick MM, Traynor JR. The Role of G-proteins and G-protein Regulating Proteins in Depressive Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1289. [PMID: 30483131 PMCID: PMC6244039 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress toward new antidepressant therapies has been relatively slow over the past few decades, with the result that individuals suffering from depression often struggle to find an effective treatment – a process often requiring months. Furthermore, the neural factors that contribute to depression remain poorly understood, and there are many open questions regarding the mechanism of action of existing antidepressants. A better understanding of the molecular processes that underlie depression and contribute to antidepressant efficacy is therefore badly needed. In this review we highlight research investigating the role of G-proteins and the regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins, two protein families that are intimately involved in both the genesis of depressive states and the action of antidepressant drugs. Many antidepressants are known to indirectly affect the function of these proteins. Conversely, dysfunction of the G-protein and RGS systems can affect antidepressant efficacy. However, a great deal remains unknown about how these proteins interact with antidepressants. Findings pertinent to each individual G-protein and RGS protein are summarized from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas B Senese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Edward F. Domino Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mark M Rasenick
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - John R Traynor
- Department of Pharmacology and Edward F. Domino Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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17
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Asselmann E, Hertel J, Schmidt CO, Homuth G, Nauck M, Beesdo-Baum K, Grabe HJ, Pané-Farré CA. Interplay between RGS2 and childhood adversities in predicting anxiety and depressive disorders: Findings from a general population sample. Depress Anxiety 2018; 35:1104-1113. [PMID: 30107643 DOI: 10.1002/da.22812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unresolved whether childhood adversities interact with genetic variation in regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2) rs4606 in predicting various anxiety and depressive disorders and whether diagnostic specificity exists in these interactions. METHODS The genotype of RGS2 rs4606 was determined for N = 2,263 adults with European ancestry from the Study of Health in Pomerania. Lifetime anxiety and depressive disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, were assessed with the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview (DIA-X/M-CIDI). Childhood adversities were assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ, when participants were aged 29-89). RESULTS Logistic regressions adjusted for sex and age revealed that rs4606 interacted with total childhood adversity in predicting each diagnostic outcome except for panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, uncorrected and corrected for multiple testing (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06-1.16). That is, carriers of the GG (vs. CC/CG) genotype were at decreased risk for anxiety and/or depression in the presence of low, but at increased risk in the presence of high total childhood adversity. Respective gene-environment (G × E) interactions were found for (a) comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders (OR = 1.13), but neither pure anxiety nor pure depressive disorders and (b) pure/temporally primary anxiety disorders (OR = 1.07), but not pure/temporally primary depressive disorders. The G × E interaction remained associated with depressive disorders after introducing pure/temporally primary anxiety disorders as additional predictor (OR = 1.09). CONCLUSIONS rs4606 alters the risk of developing a range of anxiety but also depressive disorders after childhood adversities. A complex risk pattern of genotype, environmental factors, and preexisting anxiety contributes to subsequent depression development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Asselmann
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Hertel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katja Beesdo-Baum
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christiane A Pané-Farré
- Department of Physiological and Clinical Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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18
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Rorabaugh BR, Sprague L, Norman H, Seeley SL, D'Souza MS. Regulator of G protein signaling 2 differentially regulates nicotine-induced anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects in mice. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:2110-2117. [PMID: 30103281 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the role of regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2) in nicotine-induced anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects using RGS2 wildtype (WT) and RGS2 knockout (KO) mice. RGS2 negatively regulates monoaminergic neurotransmission, which is implicated in the pathology of anxiety and depression. We hypothesized that deletion of RGS2 would enhance nicotine-induced anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects, which were assessed using the elevated plus maze and tail suspension tests, respectively. Anxiolytic-like effects were observed in both RGS2 WT and KO mice after administration of low dose of nicotine (0.05 mg/kg, base) compared to respective saline controls. Additionally, administration of nicotine (0.1 mg/kg, base) compared to saline resulted in anxiolytic-like effects in RGS2 KO mice, but not RGS2 WT mice, suggesting genetic deletion of RGS2 facilitated anxiolytic-like effects of nicotine. Administration of nicotine (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, base) compared to saline resulted in antidepressant-like effects in RGS2 WT mice. Antidepressant-like effects were observed in RGS2 KO mice only at the highest tested dose of nicotine (1 mg/kg, base) compared to saline controls, suggesting that genetic deletion of RGS2 decreased sensitivity to antidepressant-like effects of nicotine. Together, the data suggest that RGS2 differentially regulated nicotine-induced affective behavioral responses. These data suggest that individuals with RGS2 polymorphisms may experience differential affective responses to tobacco smoking, which may make them vulnerable to developing nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyd R Rorabaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio
| | - Lisanne Sprague
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio
| | - Haval Norman
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio
| | - Sarah L Seeley
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio
| | - Manoranjan S D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio
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19
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Interplay between negative and positive design elements in Gα helical domains of G proteins determines interaction specificity toward RGS2. Biochem J 2018; 475:2293-2304. [PMID: 29925530 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins inactivate Gα subunits, thereby controlling G protein-coupled signaling networks. Among all RGS proteins, RGS2 is unique in interacting only with the Gαq but not with the Gαi subfamily. Previous studies suggested that this specificity is determined by the RGS domain and, in particular, by three RGS2-specific residues that lead to a unique mode of interaction with Gαq This interaction was further proposed to act through contacts with the Gα GTPase domain. Here, we combined energy calculations and GTPase activity measurements to determine which Gα residues dictate specificity toward RGS2. We identified putative specificity-determining residues in the Gα helical domain, which among G proteins is found only in Gα subunits. Replacing these helical domain residues in Gαi with their Gαq counterparts resulted in a dramatic specificity switch toward RGS2. We further show that Gα-RGS2 specificity is set by Gαi residues that perturb interactions with RGS2, and by Gαq residues that enhance these interactions. These results show, for the first time, that the Gα helical domain is central to dictating specificity toward RGS2, suggesting that this domain plays a general role in governing Gα-RGS specificity. Our insights provide new options for manipulating RGS-G protein interactions in vivo, for better understanding of their 'wiring' into signaling networks, and for devising novel drugs targeting such interactions.
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Rorabaugh BR, Rose MJ, Stoops TS, Stevens AA, Seeley SL, D'Souza MS. Regulators of G-protein signaling 2 and 4 differentially regulate cocaine-induced rewarding effects. Physiol Behav 2018; 195:9-19. [PMID: 30036561 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to identify new therapeutic targets for the treatment of cocaine addiction due to the rise in cocaine abuse and deaths due to cocaine overdose. Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins such as RGS2 and RGS4 are widely distributed in brain regions that play a role in drug reward. Importantly, RGS2 and RGS4 negatively regulate G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathways of monoaminergic neurotransmitters that play a role in the rewarding effects of cocaine by enhancing the rate of hydrolysis of Gα-bound guanine nucleotide triphosphate. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cocaine on conditioned place preference (CPP) and locomotor activity in mice that lacked either RGS2 or RGS4 (i.e. knockout (KO) mice) and their wildtype (WT) littermates. Moreover recent studies have reported influence of sex on RGS functioning and hence studies were conducted in both male and female mice. Cocaine-induced CPP was attenuated in male, but not female RGS4 KO mice compared to respective RGS4 WT mice. Cocaine-induced CPP was not influenced by deletion of RGS2 in either male or female mice. Similarly, cocaine-induced locomotor activity was not influenced by deletion of either RGS2 or RGS4 irrespective of sex. Together, the data indicate that the rewarding effects of cocaine were attenuated in the absence of RGS4 expression, but not in the absence of RGS2 expression in a sex-dependent manner. Importantly, these data suggest that RGS4 can serve as a potential target for medications that can be used to treat cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyd R Rorabaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Madison J Rose
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Thorne S Stoops
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Allison A Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Sarah L Seeley
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Manoranjan S D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States.
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21
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Depression-resistant Phenotype in Mice Overexpressing Regulator of G Protein Signaling 8 (RGS8). Neuroscience 2018; 383:160-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Lu X, Li X, Liu P, Qian X, Miao Q, Peng S. The Integrative Method Based on the Module-Network for Identifying Driver Genes in Cancer Subtypes. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020183. [PMID: 29364829 PMCID: PMC6099653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With advances in next-generation sequencing(NGS) technologies, a large number of multiple types of high-throughput genomics data are available. A great challenge in exploring cancer progression is to identify the driver genes from the variant genes by analyzing and integrating multi-types genomics data. Breast cancer is known as a heterogeneous disease. The identification of subtype-specific driver genes is critical to guide the diagnosis, assessment of prognosis and treatment of breast cancer. We developed an integrated frame based on gene expression profiles and copy number variation (CNV) data to identify breast cancer subtype-specific driver genes. In this frame, we employed statistical machine-learning method to select gene subsets and utilized an module-network analysis method to identify potential candidate driver genes. The final subtype-specific driver genes were acquired by paired-wise comparison in subtypes. To validate specificity of the driver genes, the gene expression data of these genes were applied to classify the patient samples with 10-fold cross validation and the enrichment analysis were also conducted on the identified driver genes. The experimental results show that the proposed integrative method can identify the potential driver genes and the classifier with these genes acquired better performance than with genes identified by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Lu
- College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.L.); (X.Q.); (Q.M.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (S.P.); Tel.: +86-731-88821907(X.L.)
| | - Xing Li
- College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.L.); (X.Q.); (Q.M.)
| | - Ping Liu
- Hunan Want Want Hospital, Changsha 410006, China;
| | - Xin Qian
- College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.L.); (X.Q.); (Q.M.)
| | - Qiumai Miao
- College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.L.); (X.Q.); (Q.M.)
| | - Shaoliang Peng
- College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.L.); (X.Q.); (Q.M.)
- School of Computer Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (S.P.); Tel.: +86-731-88821907(X.L.)
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23
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The 5-HT 1B receptor - a potential target for antidepressant treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1317-1334. [PMID: 29546551 PMCID: PMC5919989 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. The serotonin hypothesis may be the model of MDD pathophysiology with the most support. The majority of antidepressants enhance synaptic serotonin levels quickly, while it usually takes weeks to discern MDD treatment effect. It has been hypothesized that the time lag between serotonin increase and reduction of MDD symptoms is due to downregulation of inhibitory receptors such as the serotonin 1B receptor (5-HT1BR). The research on 5-HT1BR has previously been hampered by a lack of selective ligands for the receptor. The last extensive review of 5-HT1BR in the pathophysiology of depression was published 2009, and based mainly on findings from animal studies. Since then, selective radioligands for in vivo quantification of brain 5-HT1BR binding with positron emission tomography has been developed, providing new knowledge on the role of 5-HT1BR in MDD and its treatment. The main focus of this review is the role of 5-HT1BR in relation to MDD and its treatment, although studies of 5-HT1BR in obsessive-compulsive disorder, alcohol dependence, and cocaine dependence are also reviewed. The evidence outlined range from animal models of disease, effects of 5-HT1B receptor agonists and antagonists, case-control studies of 5-HT1B receptor binding postmortem and in vivo, with positron emission tomography, to clinical studies of 5-HT1B receptor effects of established treatments for MDD. Low 5-HT1BR binding in limbic regions has been found in MDD patients. When 5-HT1BR ligands are administered to animals, 5-HT1BR agonists most consistently display antidepressant-like properties, though it is not yet clear how 5-HT1BR is best approached for optimal MDD treatment.
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24
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Sukoff Rizzo SJ, Crawley JN. Behavioral Phenotyping Assays for Genetic Mouse Models of Neurodevelopmental, Neurodegenerative, and Psychiatric Disorders. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2017; 5:371-389. [PMID: 28199172 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022516-022754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Animal models offer heuristic research tools to understand the causes of human diseases and to identify potential treatments. With rapidly evolving genetic engineering technologies, mutations identified in a human disorder can be generated in the mouse genome. Phenotypic outcomes of the mutation are then explicated to confirm hypotheses about causes and to discover effective therapeutics. Most neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders are diagnosed primarily by their prominent behavioral symptoms. Mouse behavioral assays analogous to the human symptoms have been developed to analyze the consequences of mutations and to evaluate proposed therapeutics preclinically. Here we describe the range of mouse behavioral tests available in the established behavioral neuroscience literature, along with examples of their translational applications. Concepts presented have been successfully used in other species, including flies, worms, fish, rats, pigs, and nonhuman primates. Identical strategies can be employed to test hypotheses about environmental causes and gene × environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline N Crawley
- MIND Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817;
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25
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Raab A, Popp S, Lesch KP, Lohse MJ, Fischer M, Deckert J, Hommers L. Increased fear learning, spatial learning as well as neophobia in Rgs2−/−
mice. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 17:e12420. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Raab
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research; University Hospital of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
- Comprehensive Hearth Failure Center (CHFC); University Hospital of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - S. Popp
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Mental Health; University Hospital of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - K.-P. Lesch
- Comprehensive Hearth Failure Center (CHFC); University Hospital of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Mental Health; University Hospital of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Moscow Russia
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - M. J. Lohse
- Comprehensive Hearth Failure Center (CHFC); University Hospital of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association; Berlin Germany
| | - M. Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health; University Hospital of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - J. Deckert
- Comprehensive Hearth Failure Center (CHFC); University Hospital of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health; University Hospital of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - L. Hommers
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research; University Hospital of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
- Comprehensive Hearth Failure Center (CHFC); University Hospital of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health; University Hospital of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
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26
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Regulator of G protein signaling 14 (RGS14) is expressed pre- and postsynaptically in neurons of hippocampus, basal ganglia, and amygdala of monkey and human brain. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:233-253. [PMID: 28776200 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1487-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Regulator of G protein signaling 14 (RGS14) is a multifunctional signaling protein primarily expressed in mouse pyramidal neurons of hippocampal area CA2 where it regulates synaptic plasticity important for learning and memory. However, very little is known about RGS14 protein expression in the primate brain. Here, we validate the specificity of a new polyclonal RGS14 antibody that recognizes not only full-length RGS14 protein in primate, but also lower molecular weight forms of RGS14 protein matching previously predicted human splice variants. These putative RGS14 variants along with full-length RGS14 are expressed in the primate striatum. By contrast, only full-length RGS14 is expressed in hippocampus, and shorter variants are completely absent in rodent brain. We report that RGS14 protein immunoreactivity is found both pre- and postsynaptically in multiple neuron populations throughout hippocampal area CA1 and CA2, caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and amygdala in adult rhesus monkeys. A similar cellular expression pattern of RGS14 in the monkey striatum and hippocampus was further confirmed in humans. Our electron microscopy data show for the first time that RGS14 immunostaining localizes within nuclei of striatal neurons in monkeys. Taken together, these findings suggest new pre- and postsynaptic regulatory functions of RGS14 and RGS14 variants, specific to the primate brain, and provide evidence for unconventional roles of RGS14 in the nuclei of striatal neurons potentially important for human neurophysiology and disease.
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27
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Grammatopoulos DK. Regulation of G-protein coupled receptor signalling underpinning neurobiology of mood disorders and depression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 449:82-89. [PMID: 28229904 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have long been at the center of investigations of the neurobiology of depression and mood disorders. Different facets of GPCR signalling pathways, including those controlling monoaminergic and neuropeptidergic hormonal systems are believed to be dysregulated in major depressive and bipolar disorders. Although these receptors are key molecular targets for a variety of therapeutic agents and continue to be the focus of intense pharmaceutical development, the molecular mechanisms activated by these GPCRs and underpin the pathological basis of mood disorders remain poorly understood. This review will discuss some of the emerging regulatory mechanisms of GPCR signaling in the central nervous system (CNS) involving protein-protein interactions, downstream effectors and cross-talk with other signaling molecules and their potential involvement in the neurobiology of psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris K Grammatopoulos
- Translational Medicine, Warwick Medical School & Clinical Biochemistry, Coventry and Warwickshire Pathology Service, United Kingdom.
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28
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Narla C, Scidmore T, Jeong J, Everest M, Chidiac P, Poulter MO. A switch in G protein coupling for type 1 corticotropin-releasing factor receptors promotes excitability in epileptic brains. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra60. [PMID: 27303056 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad8676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and stress increase the frequency of epileptic seizures. These behavioral states induce the secretion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a 40-amino acid neuropeptide neurotransmitter that coordinates many behavioral responses to stress in the central nervous system. In the piriform cortex, which is one of the most seizurogenic regions of the brain, CRF normally dampens excitability. By contrast, CRF increased the excitability of the piriform cortex in rats subjected to kindling, a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. In nonkindled rats, CRF activates its receptor, a G protein (heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding protein)-coupled receptor, and signals through a Gαq/11-mediated pathway. After seizure induction, CRF signaling occurred through a pathway involving Gαs This change in signaling was associated with reduced abundance of regulator of G protein signaling protein type 2 (RGS2), which has been reported to inhibit Gαs-dependent signaling. RGS2 knockout mice responded to CRF in a similar manner as epileptic rats. These observations indicate that seizures produce changes in neuronal signaling that can increase seizure occurrence by converting a beneficial stress response into an epileptic trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakravarthi Narla
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Tanner Scidmore
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Jaymin Jeong
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada. Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Michelle Everest
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Peter Chidiac
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada. Department of Biology, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Michael O Poulter
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada. Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada.
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29
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Gerber KJ, Squires KE, Hepler JR. Roles for Regulator of G Protein Signaling Proteins in Synaptic Signaling and Plasticity. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 89:273-86. [PMID: 26655302 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.102210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) family of proteins serves critical roles in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and heterotrimeric G protein signal transduction. RGS proteins are best understood as negative regulators of GPCR/G protein signaling. They achieve this by acting as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) for Gα subunits and accelerating the turnoff of G protein signaling. Many RGS proteins also bind additional signaling partners that either regulate their functions or enable them to regulate other important signaling events. At neuronal synapses, GPCRs, G proteins, and RGS proteins work in coordination to regulate key aspects of neurotransmitter release, synaptic transmission, and synaptic plasticity, which are necessary for central nervous system physiology and behavior. Accumulating evidence has revealed key roles for specific RGS proteins in multiple signaling pathways at neuronal synapses, regulating both pre- and postsynaptic signaling events and synaptic plasticity. Here, we review and highlight the current knowledge of specific RGS proteins (RGS2, RGS4, RGS7, RGS9-2, and RGS14) that have been clearly demonstrated to serve critical roles in modulating synaptic signaling and plasticity throughout the brain, and we consider their potential as future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Gerber
- Programs in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology (K.J.G., K.E.S., J.R.H.) and Neuroscience (J.R.H.), Department of Pharmacology (K.J.G., K.E.S., J.R.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Katherine E Squires
- Programs in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology (K.J.G., K.E.S., J.R.H.) and Neuroscience (J.R.H.), Department of Pharmacology (K.J.G., K.E.S., J.R.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John R Hepler
- Programs in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology (K.J.G., K.E.S., J.R.H.) and Neuroscience (J.R.H.), Department of Pharmacology (K.J.G., K.E.S., J.R.H.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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30
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Eusemann TN, Willmroth F, Fiebich B, Biber K, van Calker D. Adenosine Receptors Differentially Regulate the Expression of Regulators of G-Protein Signalling (RGS) 2, 3 and 4 in Astrocyte-Like Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134934. [PMID: 26263491 PMCID: PMC4532427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The “regulators of g-protein signalling” (RGS) comprise a large family of proteins that limit by virtue of their GTPase accelerating protein domain the signal transduction of G-protein coupled receptors. RGS proteins have been implicated in various neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, drug abuse, depression and anxiety and aggressive behaviour. Since conditions associated with a large increase of adenosine in the brain such as seizures or ischemia were reported to modify the expression of some RGS proteins we hypothesized that adenosine might regulate RGS expression in neural cells. We measured the expression of RGS-2,-3, and -4 in both transformed glia cells (human U373 MG astrocytoma cells) and in primary rat astrocyte cultures stimulated with adenosine agonists. Expression of RGS-2 mRNA as well as RGS2 protein was increased up to 30-fold by adenosine agonists in astrocytes. The order of potency of agonists and the blockade by the adenosine A2B-antagonist MRS1706 indicated that this effect was largely mediated by adenosine A2B receptors. However, a smaller effect was observed due to activation of adenosine A2A receptors. In astrocytoma cells adenosine agonists elicited an increase in RGS-2 expression solely mediated by A2B receptors. Expression of RGS-3 was inhibited by adenosine agonists in both astrocytoma cells and astrocytes. However while this effect was mediated by A2B receptors in astrocytoma cells it was mediated by A2A receptors in astrocytes as assessed by the order of potency of agonists and selective blockade by the specific antagonists MRS1706 and ZM241385 respectively. RGS-4 expression was inhibited in astrocytoma cells but enhanced in astrocytes by adenosine agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Nicolas Eusemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frank Willmroth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Fiebich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Knut Biber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietrich van Calker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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31
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Piechota M, Golda S, Ficek J, Jantas D, Przewlocki R, Korostynski M. Regulation of alternative gene transcription in the striatum in response to antidepressant drugs. Neuropharmacology 2015; 99:328-36. [PMID: 26254862 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that control the selection of transcription initiation and termination sites in response to pharmacological stimulation of neuronal cells are poorly understood. We used next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics to construct a genome-wide inventory of protein-coding and non-coding transcripts altered by antidepressant treatment. We analyzed available ChIP-seq data to identify mechanisms that control drug-inducible expression of alternative gene variants in the brain. We identified 153 transcripts of various biotypes regulated in the mouse striatum in response to tranylcypromine or mianserin (at a 0.1% FDR threshold). Five drug-responsive gene patterns are enriched in protein-coding variants (77%), regulated by different sets of transcriptional factors (including SRF/CREB1 and GR/CTCF) and expressed in separate cellular compartments of the brain. We found that alterations mediated by proximal promoters in neurons are more specific in the selection of regulated transcriptional isoforms compared with enhancer-dependent alterations in glia. The change in transcriptional programs, from housekeeping to inducible, provides cells with the resource of functionally distinct proteins. We conclude that the regulation of drug-induced brain plasticity may occur at the level of transcripts rather than genes. The expression of specific isoforms in response to antidepressants may constitute a trigger that initiates the long-lasting effects of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Piechota
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Krakow, Poland
| | - Slawomir Golda
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Ficek
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Krakow, Poland
| | - Danuta Jantas
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ryszard Przewlocki
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Krakow, Poland; Department of Neurobiology and Neuropsychology, IPS, UJ, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Korostynski
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Krakow, Poland.
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32
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Hommers L, Raab A, Bohl A, Weber H, Scholz CJ, Erhardt A, Binder E, Arolt V, Gerlach A, Gloster A, Kalisch R, Kircher T, Lonsdorf T, Ströhle A, Zwanzger P, Mattheisen M, Cichon S, Lesch KP, Domschke K, Reif A, Lohse MJ, Deckert J. MicroRNA hsa-miR-4717-5p regulates RGS2 and may be a risk factor for anxiety-related traits. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168B:296-306. [PMID: 25847876 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Regulator of G-protein Signaling 2 (RGS2) is a key regulator of G-protein-coupled signaling pathways involved in fear and anxiety. Data from rodent models and genetic analysis of anxiety-related traits and disorders in humans suggest down-regulation of RGS2 expression to be a risk factor for anxiety. Here we investigated, whether genetic variation in microRNAs mediating posttranscriptional down-regulation of RGS2 may be a risk factor for anxiety as well. 75 microRNAs predicted to regulate RGS2 were identified by four bioinformatic algorithms and validated experimentally by luciferase reporter gene assays. Specificity was confirmed for six microRNAs (hsa-miR-1271-5p, hsa-miR-22-3p, hsa-miR-3591-3p, hsa-miR-377-3p, hsa-miR-4717-5p, hsa-miR-96-5p) by disrupting their seed sequence at the 3' untranslated region of RGS2. Hsa-miR-4717-5p showed the most robust effect on RGS2 and regulated two other candidate genes of anxiety disorders (CNR1 and IKBKE) as well. Two SNPs (rs150925, rs161427) within and 1,000 bp upstream of the hostgene of hsa-miR-4717-5p (MIR4717) show a minor allele frequency greater than 0.05. Both were in high linkage disequilibrium (r(2) = 1, D' = 1) and both major (G) alleles showed a trend for association with panic disorder with comorbid agoraphobia in one of two patient/control samples (combined n(patients) = 497). Dimensional anxiety traits, as described by Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) and Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ) were significantly higher among carriers of both major (G) alleles in a combined patient/control sample (n(combined) = 831). Taken together, data indicate that MIR4717 regulates human RGS2 and contributes to the genetic risk towards anxiety-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Hommers
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Annette Raab
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Bohl
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Weber
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claus-Jürgen Scholz
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Alexander Gerlach
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrew Gloster
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Raffael Kalisch
- Neuroimaging Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tina Lonsdorf
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Zwanzger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sven Cichon
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Center of Mental Health, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Lohse
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Woodard GE, Jardín I, Berna-Erro A, Salido GM, Rosado JA. Regulators of G-protein-signaling proteins: negative modulators of G-protein-coupled receptor signaling. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 317:97-183. [PMID: 26008785 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulators of G-protein-signaling (RGS) proteins are a category of intracellular proteins that have an inhibitory effect on the intracellular signaling produced by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). RGS along with RGS-like proteins switch on through direct contact G-alpha subunits providing a variety of intracellular functions through intracellular signaling. RGS proteins have a common RGS domain that binds to G alpha. RGS proteins accelerate GTPase and thus enhance guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis through the alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins. As a result, they inactivate the G protein and quickly turn off GPCR signaling thus terminating the resulting downstream signals. Activity and subcellular localization of RGS proteins can be changed through covalent molecular changes to the enzyme, differential gene splicing, and processing of the protein. Other roles of RGS proteins have shown them to not be solely committed to being inhibitors but behave more as modulators and integrators of signaling. RGS proteins modulate the duration and kinetics of slow calcium oscillations and rapid phototransduction and ion signaling events. In other cases, RGS proteins integrate G proteins with signaling pathways linked to such diverse cellular responses as cell growth and differentiation, cell motility, and intracellular trafficking. Human and animal studies have revealed that RGS proteins play a vital role in physiology and can be ideal targets for diseases such as those related to addiction where receptor signaling seems continuously switched on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey E Woodard
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isaac Jardín
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - A Berna-Erro
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Gines M Salido
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Juan A Rosado
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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Lacerda-Pinheiro SF, Pinheiro Junior RFF, Pereira de Lima MA, Lima da Silva CG, Vieira dos Santos MDS, Teixeira Júnior AG, Lima de Oliveira PN, Ribeiro KDB, Rolim-Neto ML, Bianco BAV. Are there depression and anxiety genetic markers and mutations? A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2014; 168:387-98. [PMID: 25106036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors may encourage or even cause the occurrence of mood disorders such as anxiety and/or depression. However, despite the significant amount of work and sophisticated technology is not fully elucidated which genes or regions of nuclear or mitochondrial DNA, or which types of genetic changes, alone or in combination, can represent reliable genetic markers of anxiety and/or depression. OBJECTIVE To identify whether there are genetic changes that can cause depression or anxiety and if there are genetic markers that can be used to detect these changes. METHODS A systematic review of 01.01.2004 to 03.28.2014 was held by VHL (Virtual Health Library). The search was performed with the descriptors ׳׳anxiety׳׳, ׳׳depression׳׳, "mutation" and "genetic markers׳׳. The selected articles were indexed in MEDLINE. The information pertinent to the study was selected, categorized and analyzed. Of the 374 articles found, 29 met the eligibility criteria. RESULTS FMR1 gene polymorphisms, dopaminergic (DAT, DRD, COMT), serotonin (5-HTTLPR, HTR1A, HTR2A), interleukins, MCR1, HCN (potassium channel), neurorregulinas, GABAergic (GABA, GAD, DBI) DBI, GABA (Gabra) receptors and GAD genes (GAD1, GAD2) appear to contribute to generate condition of depression or anxiety like. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA in 124pb allele of D2S2944 in ofil 1 and 2 loci of chromosomes 4 and 7, respectively, and the chromosomes 8p, 17p and 15q appear to be associated with the origin of depression or anxiety. CONCLUSION Some studies show only associations with one of the disorders, mainly anxiety. Few have shown association with both simultaneously. Other studies showed specific association of gender, or even specific ethnic groups. It was noticed, controversies over certain markers. Interesting results were observed in combination of changes, especially in cases of SNPs, indicating that perhaps this is the most appropriate way to find reliable markers.
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Mechanisms for interferon-α-induced depression and neural stem cell dysfunction. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:73-84. [PMID: 25068123 PMCID: PMC4110771 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New neurons generated by the neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult hippocampus play an important role in emotional regulation and respond to the action of antidepressants. Depression is a common and serious side effect of interferon-α (IFN-α), which limits its use as an antiviral and antitumor drug. However, the mechanism(s) underlying IFN-induced depression are largely unknown. Using a comprehensive battery of behavioral tests, we found that mice subjected to IFN-α treatment exhibited a depression-like phenotype. IFN-α directly suppressed NSC proliferation, resulting in the reduced generation of new neurons. Brain-specific mouse knockout of the IFN-α receptor prevented IFN-α-induced depressive behavioral phenotypes and the inhibition of neurogenesis, suggesting that IFN-α suppresses hippocampal neurogenesis and induces depression via its receptor in the brain. These findings provide insight for understanding the neuropathology underlying IFN-α-induced depression and for developing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of IFN-α-induced depressive effects. IFN-α-treated mice show a depression-like phenotype in a behavioral test battery IFN-α directly suppresses NSC proliferation in adult hippocampus IFN-α suppresses neurogenesis and induced depression via its receptor in the brain
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Stein MB, Keshaviah A, Haddad SA, Van Ameringen M, Simon NM, Pollack MH, Smoller JW. Influence of RGS2 on sertraline treatment for social anxiety disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:1340-6. [PMID: 24154666 PMCID: PMC3988537 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Only a minority of patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) has a robust therapeutic response to evidence-based serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment. To help improve the personalized medicine approach to psychiatric care, we evaluated several candidate genetic predictors of SSRI response in SAD. At the start of a randomized controlled trial (NCT00282828), 346 patients with SAD at three sites received protocol-driven, open-label treatment with sertraline, up to 200. mg/d over 10 weeks. Efficacy was determined using a continuous measure of outcome (Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS)) and dichotomous indicators of response (LSAS ≤ 50) and remission (LSAS ≤ 30). Predictors of efficacy were examined in multivariate regression models that included eight polymorphic variants in four candidate genes (four in RGS2, two in HTR2A, one in SLC6A2, and one in SLC6A4). Adjusting for genetic ancestral cluster and non-genetic predictors of response, all four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RGS2 predicted change in LSAS over time, at study-wise significance (p=0.00833), with the minor allele associated with less improvement over time. After adjusting for genetic ancestral cluster and non-genetic predictors of remission, two of the four RGS2 SNPs predicted likelihood of remission at or just below study-wise significance (p=0.025): rs4606 (AOR=0.49 (95% CI=0.27-0.90), p=0.022) and rs1819741 (AOR=0.50 (95% CI=0.28-0.92), p=0.027). Variation in RGS2, a gene previously shown to be associated with social anxiety phenotypes and serotonergic neurotransmission, may be a biomarker of the likelihood of substantially benefiting from sertraline among patients with SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Family and Preventive Medicine, Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, University of California, San Diego (Mailcode 0855), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0855, USA, Tel: +858 534 6400, Fax: +858 534 6460,
| | - Aparna Keshaviah
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen A Haddad
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Van Ameringen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Naomi M Simon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark H Pollack
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Lotan A, Lifschytz T, Slonimsky A, Broner EC, Greenbaum L, Abedat S, Fellig Y, Cohen H, Lory O, Goelman G, Lerer B. Neural mechanisms underlying stress resilience in Ahi1 knockout mice: relevance to neuropsychiatric disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:243-52. [PMID: 24042478 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Abelson helper integration site 1 (AHI1) gene has a pivotal role in brain development. Studies by our group and others have demonstrated association of AHI1 with schizophrenia and autism. To elucidate the mechanism whereby alteration in AHI1 expression may be implicated in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, we studied Ahi1 heterozygous knockout (Ahi1(+/-)) mice. Although their performance was not different from wild-type mice on tests that model classical schizophrenia-related endophenotypes, Ahi1(+/-) mice displayed an anxiolytic-like phenotype across different converging modalities. Using behavioral paradigms that involve exposure to environmental and social stress, significantly decreased anxiety was evident in the open field, elevated plus maze and dark-light box, as well as during social interaction in pairs. Assessment of core temperature and corticosterone secretion revealed a significantly blunted response of the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in Ahi1(+/-) mice exposed to environmental and visceral stress. However, response to centrally acting anxiogenic compounds was intact. On resting-state functional MRI, connectivity of the amygdala with other brain regions involved in processing of anxiogenic stimuli and inhibitory avoidance learning, such as the lateral entorhinal cortex, ventral hippocampus and ventral tegmental area, was significantly reduced in the mutant mice. Taken together, our data link Ahi1 under-expression with a defect in the process of threat detection. Alternatively, the results could be interpreted as representing an anxiety-related endophenotype, possibly granting the Ahi1(+/-) mouse relative resilience to various types of stress. The current knockout model highlights the contribution of translational approaches to understanding the genetic basis of emotional regulation and its associated neurocircuitry, with possible relevance to neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lotan
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - T Lifschytz
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Slonimsky
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - E C Broner
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - L Greenbaum
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Abedat
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Fellig
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - H Cohen
- Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - O Lory
- MRI Lab, Medical Biophysics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - G Goelman
- MRI Lab, Medical Biophysics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - B Lerer
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Stewart A, Maity B, Wunsch AM, Meng F, Wu Q, Wemmie JA, Fisher RA. Regulator of G-protein signaling 6 (RGS6) promotes anxiety and depression by attenuating serotonin-mediated activation of the 5-HT(1A) receptor-adenylyl cyclase axis. FASEB J 2014; 28:1735-44. [PMID: 24421401 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-235648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Targeting serotonin (5-HT) bioavailability with selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) remains the most widely used treatment for mood disorders. However, their limited efficacy, delayed onset of action, and side effects restrict their clinical utility. Endogenous regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins have been implicated as key inhibitors of 5-HT(1A)Rs, whose activation is believed to underlie the beneficial effects of SSRIs, but the identity of the specific RGS proteins involved remains unknown. We identify RGS6 as the critical negative regulator of 5-HT(1A)R-dependent antidepressant actions. RGS6 is enriched in hippocampal and cortical neurons, 5-HT(1A)R-expressing cells implicated in mood disorders. RGS6(-/-) mice exhibit spontaneous anxiolytic and antidepressant behavior rapidly and completely reversibly by 5-HT(1A)R blockade. Effects of the SSRI fluvoxamine and 5-HT(1A)R agonist 8-OH-DPAT were also potentiated in RGS6(+/-) mice. The phenotype of RGS6(-/-) mice was associated with decreased CREB phosphorylation in the hippocampus and cortex, implicating enhanced Gα(i)-dependent adenylyl cyclase inhibition as a possible causative factor in the behavior observed in RGS6(-/-) animals. Our results demonstrate that by inhibiting serotonergic innervation of the cortical-limbic neuronal circuit, RGS6 exerts powerful anxiogenic and prodepressant actions. These findings indicate that RGS6 inhibition may represent a viable means to treat mood disorders or enhance the efficacy of serotonergic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Stewart
- 3Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, 51 Newton Rd., BSB 2-512, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Guo S, Zhou Y, Xing C, Lok J, Som AT, Ning M, Ji X, Lo EH. The vasculome of the mouse brain. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52665. [PMID: 23285140 PMCID: PMC3527566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood vessel is no longer viewed as passive plumbing for the brain. Increasingly, experimental and clinical findings suggest that cerebral endothelium may possess endocrine and paracrine properties – actively releasing signals into and receiving signals from the neuronal parenchyma. Hence, metabolically perturbed microvessels may contribute to central nervous system (CNS) injury and disease. Furthermore, cerebral endothelium can serve as sensors and integrators of CNS dysfunction, releasing measurable biomarkers into the circulating bloodstream. Here, we define and analyze the concept of a brain vasculome, i.e. a database of gene expression patterns in cerebral endothelium that can be linked to other databases and systems of CNS mediators and markers. Endothelial cells were purified from mouse brain, heart and kidney glomeruli. Total RNA were extracted and profiled on Affymetrix mouse 430 2.0 micro-arrays. Gene expression analysis confirmed that these brain, heart and glomerular preparations were not contaminated by brain cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, or neurons), cardiomyocytes or kidney tubular cells respectively. Comparison of the vasculome between brain, heart and kidney glomeruli showed that endothelial gene expression patterns were highly organ-dependent. Analysis of the brain vasculome demonstrated that many functionally active networks were present, including cell adhesion, transporter activity, plasma membrane, leukocyte transmigration, Wnt signaling pathways and angiogenesis. Analysis of representative genome-wide-association-studies showed that genes linked with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and stroke were detected in the brain vasculome. Finally, comparison of our mouse brain vasculome with representative plasma protein databases demonstrated significant overlap, suggesting that the vasculome may be an important source of circulating signals in blood. Perturbations in cerebral endothelial function may profoundly affect CNS homeostasis. Mapping and dissecting the vasculome of the brain in health and disease may provide a novel database for investigating disease mechanisms, assessing therapeutic targets and exploring new biomarkers for the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Guo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SG); (EHL)
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Changhong Xing
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Josephine Lok
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Angel T. Som
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - MingMing Ning
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xunming Ji
- Cerebrovascular Research Center, XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Eng H. Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SG); (EHL)
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