1
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Çağlayan Arslan Z, Okan M, Külah H. Pre-enrichment-free detection of hepatocellular carcinoma-specific ctDNA via PDMS and MEMS-based microfluidic sensor. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:229. [PMID: 38565645 PMCID: PMC10987365 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The growing interest in microfluidic biosensors has led to improvements in the analytical performance of various sensing mechanisms. Although various sensors can be integrated with microfluidics, electrochemical ones have been most commonly employed due to their ease of miniaturization, integration ability, and low cost, making them an established point-of-care diagnostic method. This concept can be easily adapted to the detection of biomarkers specific to certain cancer types. Pathological profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is heterogeneous and rather complex, and biopsy samples contain limited information regarding the tumor and do not reflect its heterogeneity. Circulating tumor DNAs (ctDNAs), which can contain information regarding cancer characteristics, have been studied tremendously since liquid biopsy emerged as a new diagnostic method. Recent improvements in the accuracy and sensitivity of ctDNA determination also paved the way for genotyping of somatic genomic alterations. In this study, three-electrode (Au-Pt-Ag) glass chips were fabricated and combined with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels to establish an electrochemical microfluidic sensor for detecting c.747G > T hotspot mutations in the TP53 gene of ctDNAs from HCC. The preparation and analysis times of the constructed sensor were as short as 2 h in total, and a relatively high flow rate of 30 µl/min was used during immobilization and hybridization steps. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a PDMS-based microfluidic electrochemical sensor has been developed to target HCC ctDNAs. The system exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) of 24.1 fM within the tested range of 2-200 fM. The sensor demonstrated high specificity in tests conducted with fully noncomplementary and one-base mismatched target sequences. The developed platform is promising for detecting HCC-specific ctDNA at very low concentrations without requiring pre-enrichment steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Çağlayan Arslan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, METU, Ankara, Turkey
- METU MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meltem Okan
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, METU, Ankara, Turkey
- METU MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haluk Külah
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, METU, Ankara, Turkey.
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, METU, Ankara, Turkey.
- METU MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara, Turkey.
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2
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Chaturvedi A, Sharma S, Shukla R. Drug Nanocrystals: A Delivery Channel for Antiviral Therapies. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:41. [PMID: 38366178 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral infections represent a significant threat to global health due to their highly communicable and potentially lethal nature. Conventional antiviral interventions encounter challenges such as drug resistance, tolerability issues, specificity concerns, high costs, side effects, and the constant mutation of viral proteins. Consequently, the exploration of alternative approaches is imperative. Therefore, nanotechnology-embedded drugs excelled as a novel approach purporting severe life-threatening viral disease. Integrating nanomaterials and nanoparticles enables ensuring precise drug targeting, improved drug delivery, and fostered pharmacokinetic properties. Notably, nanocrystals (NCs) stand out as one of the most promising nanoformulations, offering remarkable characteristics in terms of physicochemical properties (higher drug loading, improved solubility, and drug retention), pharmacokinetics (enhanced bioavailability, dose reduction), and optical properties (light absorptivity, photoluminescence). These attributes make NCs effective in diagnosing and ameliorating viral infections. This review comprises the prevalence, pathophysiology, and resistance of viral infections along with emphasizing on failure of current antivirals in the management of the diseases. Moreover, the review also highlights the role of NCs in various viral infections in mitigating, diagnosing, and other NC-based strategies combating viral infections. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies evident for the effectiveness of NCs against viral pathogens are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Chaturvedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002, India.
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3
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Wu K, Kong F, Zhang J, Tang Y, Chen Y, Chao L, Nie L, Huang Z. Recent Progress in Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:864. [PMID: 37754098 PMCID: PMC10527258 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the most common form of genetic variation in the human genome, are the main cause of individual differences. Furthermore, such attractive genetic markers are emerging as important hallmarks in clinical diagnosis and treatment. A variety of destructive abnormalities, such as malignancy, cardiovascular disease, inherited metabolic disease, and autoimmune disease, are associated with single-nucleotide variants. Therefore, identification of SNPs is necessary for better understanding of the gene function and health of an individual. SNP detection with simple preparation and operational procedures, high affinity and specificity, and cost-effectiveness have been the key challenge for years. Although biosensing methods offer high specificity and sensitivity, as well, they suffer drawbacks, such as complicated designs, complicated optimization procedures, and the use of complicated chemistry designs and expensive reagents, as well as toxic chemical compounds, for signal detection and amplifications. This review aims to provide an overview on improvements for SNP biosensing based on fluorescent and electrochemical methods. Very recently, novel designs in each category have been presented in detail. Furthermore, detection limitations, advantages and disadvantages, and challenges have also been presented for each type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Libo Nie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (K.W.); (F.K.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (Y.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Zhao Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (K.W.); (F.K.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (Y.C.); (L.C.)
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4
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Markandan K, Tiong YW, Sankaran R, Subramanian S, Markandan UD, Chaudhary V, Numan A, Khalid M, Walvekar R. Emergence of infectious diseases and role of advanced nanomaterials in point-of-care diagnostics: a review. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-89. [PMID: 36243900 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2127070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Infectious outbreaks are the foremost global public health concern, challenging the current healthcare system, which claims millions of lives annually. The most crucial way to control an infectious outbreak is by early detection through point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. POC diagnostics are highly advantageous owing to the prompt diagnosis, which is economical, simple and highly efficient with remote access capabilities. In particular, utilization of nanomaterials to architect POC devices has enabled highly integrated and portable (compact) devices with enhanced efficiency. As such, this review will detail the factors influencing the emergence of infectious diseases and methods for fast and accurate detection, thus elucidating the underlying factors of these infections. Furthermore, it comprehensively highlights the importance of different nanomaterials in POCs to detect nucleic acid, whole pathogens, proteins and antibody detection systems. Finally, we summarize findings reported on nanomaterials based on advanced POCs such as lab-on-chip, lab-on-disc-devices, point-of-action and hospital-on-chip. To this end, we discuss the challenges, potential solutions, prospects of integrating internet-of-things, artificial intelligence, 5G communications and data clouding to achieve intelligent POCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaimani Markandan
- Temasek Laboratories, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Drive, Singapore
- Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yong Wei Tiong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive, Singapore
| | - Revathy Sankaran
- Graduate School, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sakthinathan Subramanian
- Department of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (NTUT), Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Research Cell & Department of Physics, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Arshid Numan
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Sunway Materials Smart Science & Engineering (SMS2E) Research Cluster School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Sunway Materials Smart Science & Engineering (SMS2E) Research Cluster School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
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5
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Jing H, Saed B, Pálmai M, Gunasekara H, Snee PT, Hu YS. Fluorescent Artificial Antigens Revealed Extended Membrane Networks Utilized by Live Dendritic Cells for Antigen Uptake. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4020-4027. [PMID: 35499493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) can infiltrate tight junctions of the epithelium to collect remote antigens during immune surveillance. While elongated membrane structures represent a plausible structure to perform this task, their functional mechanisms remain elusive owing to the lack of high-resolution characterizations in live DCs. Here, we developed fluorescent artificial antigens (FAAs) based on quantum dots coated with polyacrylic acid. Single-particle tracking of FAAs enables us to superresolve the membrane fiber network responsible for the antigen uptake. Using the DC2.4 cell line as a model system, we discovered the extensive membrane network approaching 200 μm in length with tunnel-like cavities about 150 nm in width. The membrane fiber network also contained heterogeneous circular migrasomes. Disconnecting the membrane network from the cell body decreased the intracellular FAA density. Our study enables mechanistic investigations of DC membrane networks and nanocarriers that target this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Jing
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Badeia Saed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Marcell Pálmai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Hirushi Gunasekara
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Preston T Snee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Ying S Hu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
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6
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Liu X, Wu W, Cui D, Chen X, Li W. Functional Micro-/Nanomaterials for Multiplexed Biodetection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004734. [PMID: 34137090 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
When analyzing biological phenomena and processes, multiplexed biodetection has many advantages over single-factor biodetection and is highly relevant to both human health issues and advancements in the life sciences. However, many key problems with current multiplexed biodetection strategies remain unresolved. Herein, the main issues are analyzed and summarized: 1) generating sufficient signal to label targets, 2) improving the signal-to-noise ratio to ensure total detection sensitivity, and 3) simplifying the detection process to reduce the time and labor costs of multiple target detection. Then, available solutions made possible by designing and controlling the properties of micro- and nanomaterials are introduced. The aim is to emphasize the role that micro-/nanomaterials can play in the improvement of multiplexed biodetection strategies. Through analyzing existing problems, introducing state-of-the-art developments regarding relevant materials, and discussing future directions of the field, it is hopeful to help promote necessary developments in multiplexed biodetection and associated scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Wu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Wanwan Li
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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7
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Ölçer Z. Design of an Automated Electrochemical Biosensor Modified with Phenylboronic Acid to Study Glycoprotein Immobilization. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Ölçer
- Department of Chemistry Gebze Technical University 41400 Gebze-Kocaeli Turkey
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8
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E-DNA detection of rpoB gene resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in real samples using Fe 3O 4/polypyrrole nanocomposite. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 128:76-82. [PMID: 30640123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we achieved the selective detection of wild and mutated rpoB gene in M. tuberculosis using an electrochemical DNA (E-DNA) sensor based on polypyrrole/Fe3O4 nanocomposite bearing redox naphthoquinone tag on PAMAM (spaNQ/PAMAM/PPy/Fe3O4). The hybridization between a given probe and the complementary DNA target induced a large decrease in the naphthoquinone redox signal as measured by SWV and no cross-hybridization with single nucleotide mismatch DNA target occurred. Thanks to the catalytic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles combined with conducting properties of polypyrrole platform, we demonstrated that the transducing system allowed the detection of 1 fM of DNA target in a 50-µL drop corresponding to 3 × 104 copies of DNA. The sensor was able to detect the rpoB gene in PCR-amplified samples of genomic DNA and could also discriminate between the wild type rpoB gene and a single nucleotide mutated rpoB gene that provides resistance to rifampicin. Furthermore, the sensor could selectively detect the wild and mutant DNA in genomic samples without PCR amplification.
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9
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Rapid detection of Escherichia coli based on 16S rDNA nanogap network electrochemical biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 118:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Shen L, Ge S, Yu J, Yan M. Electrochemiluminescence DNA biosensor based on the use of gold nanoparticle modified graphite-like carbon nitride. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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11
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Zhang Y, Ai J, Gu Q, Gao Q, Qi H, Zhang C. Determination of mutated genes in the presence of wild-type DNA by using molecular beacons as probe. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 174:286-290. [PMID: 27960142 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Low-abundance mutations in the presence of wild-type DNA can be determined using molecular beacon (MB) as probe. A MB is generally used as DNA probe because it can distinguish single-base mismatched target DNA from fully matched target DNA. However, the probe can not determine low-abundance mutations in the presence of wild-type DNA. In this study, this limitation is addressed by enhancing the stability of unpaired base-containing dsDNA with a hydrogen-bonding ligand, which was added after hybridization of the MB to the target DNA. The ligand formed hydrogen bonds with unpaired bases and stabilized the unpaired base-containing dsDNA if target DNA is mutated one. As a result, more MBs were opened by the mutant genes in the presence of the ligand and a further increase in the fluorescence intensity was obtained. By contrast, fluorescence intensity did not change if target DNA is wild-type one. Consequent increase in the fluorescence intensity of the MB was regarded as a signal derived from mutant genes. The proposed method was applied in synthetic template systems to determine point mutation in DNA obtained from PCR analysis. The method also allows rapid and simple discrimination of a signal if it is originated in the presence of mutant gene or alternatively by a lower concentration of wild gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471022, China
| | - Junjie Ai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Qiaorong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Honglan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Chengxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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12
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Smith SJ, Nemr CR, Kelley SO. Chemistry-Driven Approaches for Ultrasensitive Nucleic Acid Detection. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1020-1028. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Smith
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, §Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Arts and Science, and #Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Carine R. Nemr
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, §Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Arts and Science, and #Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, §Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Arts and Science, and #Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
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13
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Hu J, Wang ZY, Li CC, Zhang CY. Advances in single quantum dot-based nanosensors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:13284-13295. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07752a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We review the advances in single quantum dot-based nanosensors and their biomedical applications. We highlight their challenges and future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Zi-yue Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Chen-chen Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Chun-yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
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14
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Martynenko IV, Litvin AP, Purcell-Milton F, Baranov AV, Fedorov AV, Gun'ko YK. Application of semiconductor quantum dots in bioimaging and biosensing. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6701-6727. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01425b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review we present new concepts and recent progress in the application of semiconductor quantum dots (QD) as labels in two important areas of biology, bioimaging and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. V. Martynenko
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
- ITMO University
- St. Petersburg
| | | | | | | | | | - Y. K. Gun'ko
- ITMO University
- St. Petersburg
- Russia
- School of Chemistry and CRANN
- Trinity College Dublin
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15
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16
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Chandrasekaran AR, Wady H, Subramanian HKK. Nucleic Acid Nanostructures for Chemical and Biological Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:2689-2700. [PMID: 27040036 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The nanoscale features of DNA have made it a useful molecule for bottom-up construction of nanomaterials, for example, two- and three-dimensional lattices, nanomachines, and nanodevices. One of the emerging applications of such DNA-based nanostructures is in chemical and biological sensing, where they have proven to be cost-effective, sensitive and have shown promise as point-of-care diagnostic tools. DNA is an ideal molecule for sensing not only because of its specificity but also because it is robust and can function under a broad range of biologically relevant temperatures and conditions. DNA nanostructure-based sensors provide biocompatibility and highly specific detection based on the molecular recognition properties of DNA. They can be used for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism and to sense pH both in solution and in cells. They have also been used to detect clinically relevant tumor biomarkers. In this review, recent advances in DNA-based biosensors for pH, nucleic acids, tumor biomarkers and cancer cell detection are introduced. Some challenges that lie ahead for such biosensors to effectively compete with established technologies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heitham Wady
- Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Hari K K Subramanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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17
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Liu Y, Ye M, Ge Q, Qu X, Guo Q, Hu X, Sun Q. Ratiometric Quantum Dot–Ligand System Made by Phase Transfer for Visual Detection of Double-Stranded DNA and Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism. Anal Chem 2016; 88:1768-74. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory
of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical
Engineering, and Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingfu Ye
- State Key Laboratory
of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical
Engineering, and Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory
of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical
Engineering, and Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Qu
- State Key Laboratory
of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical
Engineering, and Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingsheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory
of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical
Engineering, and Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianyun Hu
- State Key Laboratory
of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical
Engineering, and Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingjiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory
of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical
Engineering, and Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Chen G, Roy I, Yang C, Prasad PN. Nanochemistry and Nanomedicine for Nanoparticle-based Diagnostics and Therapy. Chem Rev 2016; 116:2826-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1014] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanying Chen
- Institute
for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics and Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Indrajit Roy
- Institute
for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics and Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Chunhui Yang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- Institute
for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics and Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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19
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Sandwich Immunoassays of Multicomponent Subtrace Pathogenic DNA Based on Magnetic Fluorescent Encoded Nanoparticles. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7324384. [PMID: 26881227 PMCID: PMC4737017 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7324384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel magnetic fluorescent encoded nanoimmunoassay system for multicomponent detection and separation of the subtrace pathogenic DNA (hepatitis B virus surface gene, HBV; hepatitis A virus poly the protein gene, HAV) was established based on new type of magnetic fluorescent encoded nanoparticles and sandwich immunoassay principle. This method combines multifunctional nanoparticles, immunoassay technique, fluorescence labeling, and magnetic separation of multicomponent technology. It has many advantages such as high sensitivity, low detection limit, easy operation, and great potential for development. The results of this work show that, based on nanoimmunoassay system, it could quantitatively detect the multicomponent trace pathogenic HAV and HBV DNA, as well as detection limit up to 0.1 pM and 0.12 pM. Furthermore, with the improvement of the performances of magnetic fluorescent encoded nanoparticles, the sensitivity will be further improved. In this experiment, a new nanoimmunoassay system based on magnetic fluorescent encoded nanoparticles was established, which will provide a new way for the immunoassay and separation of multicomponent biomolecules.
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20
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Gao J, Ma L, Lei Z, Wang Z. Multiple detection of single nucleotide polymorphism by microarray-based resonance light scattering assay with enlarged gold nanoparticle probes. Analyst 2016; 141:1772-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02510a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A gold nanoparticle enlargement assisted DNA microarray-based RLS assay has been developed for multiplexed detection of single nucleotide polymorphism with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Lan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Zhen Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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21
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Zhou J, Yang Y, Zhang CY. Toward Biocompatible Semiconductor Quantum Dots: From Biosynthesis and Bioconjugation to Biomedical Application. Chem Rev 2015; 115:11669-717. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Single-Molecule
Detection and Imaging Laboratory, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Single-Molecule
Detection and Imaging Laboratory, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chun-yang Zhang
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean
Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Single-Molecule
Detection and Imaging Laboratory, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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22
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Guo Q, Bai Z, Liu Y, Sun Q. A molecular beacon microarray based on a quantum dot label for detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 77:107-10. [PMID: 26397421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the application of streptavidin-coated quantum dot (strAV-QD) in molecular beacon (MB) microarray assays by using the strAV-QD to label the immobilized MB, avoiding target labeling and meanwhile obviating the use of amplification. The MBs are stem-loop structured oligodeoxynucleotides, modified with a thiol and a biotin at two terminals of the stem. With the strAV-QD labeling an "opened" MB rather than a "closed" MB via streptavidin-biotin reaction, a sensitive and specific detection of label-free target DNA sequence is demonstrated by the MB microarray, with a signal-to-background ratio of 8. The immobilized MBs can be perfectly regenerated, allowing the reuse of the microarray. The MB microarray also is able to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms, exhibiting genotype-dependent fluorescence signals. It is demonstrated that the MB microarray can perform as a 4-to-2 encoder, compressing the genotype information into two outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhixiong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qingjiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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23
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Ultrasensitive DNA sensor based on gold nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide/glassy carbon electrode. Anal Biochem 2015; 484:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Wang W, Fan X, Xu S, Davis JJ, Luo X. Low fouling label-free DNA sensor based on polyethylene glycols decorated with gold nanoparticles for the detection of breast cancer biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 71:51-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Massey M, Wu M, Conroy EM, Algar WR. Mind your P's and Q's: the coming of age of semiconducting polymer dots and semiconductor quantum dots in biological applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 34:30-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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26
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Microfluidics and nanoparticles based amperometric biosensor for the detection of cyanobacteria (Planktothrix agardhii NIVA-CYA 116) DNA. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 70:426-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Shen W, Tian Y, Ran T, Gao Z. Genotyping and quantification techniques for single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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28
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Benvidi A, Rajabzadeh N, Molaye Zahedi H, Mazloum-Ardakani M, Heidari MM, Hosseinzadeh L. Simple and label-free detection of DNA hybridization on a modified graphene nanosheets electrode. Talanta 2015; 137:80-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Zhu X, Li J, He H, Huang M, Zhang X, Wang S. Application of nanomaterials in the bioanalytical detection of disease-related genes. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:113-33. [PMID: 26134290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the diagnosis of genetic diseases and disorders, nanomaterials-based gene detection systems have significant advantages over conventional diagnostic systems in terms of simplicity, sensitivity, specificity, and portability. In this review, we describe the application of nanomaterials for disease-related genes detection in different methods excluding PCR-related method, such as colorimetry, fluorescence-based methods, electrochemistry, microarray methods, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) methods, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The most commonly used nanomaterials are gold, silver, carbon and semiconducting nanoparticles. Various nanomaterials-based gene detection methods are introduced, their respective advantages are discussed, and selected examples are provided to illustrate the properties of these nanomaterials and their emerging applications for the detection of specific nucleic acid sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhu
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Youyi Road 368, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, PR China
| | - Jiao Li
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Youyi Road 368, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, PR China
| | - Hanping He
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Youyi Road 368, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, PR China; Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Youyi Road 368, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, PR China.
| | - Min Huang
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Youyi Road 368, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, PR China
| | - Xiuhua Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Youyi Road 368, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, PR China; Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Youyi Road 368, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, PR China
| | - Shengfu Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Youyi Road 368, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, PR China; Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Youyi Road 368, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, PR China
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30
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Wang X, Deng W, Shen L, Yan M, Ge S, Yu J. A sensitive quenched electrochemiluminescent DNA sensor based on the catalytic activity of gold nanoparticle functionalized MoS2. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01451d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple sandwich-type ECL sensor for DNA detection based on MoS2–Au quenching the ECL signal of CdS/ZnS QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- P. R. China
| | - Wenping Deng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- P. R. China
| | - Mei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- P. R. China
| | - Shenguang Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- P. R. China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- P. R. China
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31
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Shen W, Gao Z. Quantum dots and duplex-specific nuclease enabled ultrasensitive detection and serotyping of Dengue viruses in one step in a single tube. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 65:327-32. [PMID: 25461177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Leveraging on the enzymatic processing of Dengue virus (DV) RNA hybridized quantum dot-capped DNA capture probes (QD-CPs), an ultrasensitive assay for the detection and serotyping of DVs is described in the report. Briefly, DV-specific DNA CPs are first capped by QDs and then conjugated to magnetic beads. In a sample solution, strands of DV RNA form heteroduplexes with the QD-CPs on the magnetic beads. The CPs together with the QDs in the heteroduplexes are subsequently cleaved off the magnetic beads by a duplex-specific nuclease (DSN), releasing the QDs to the solution, freeing the target RNA strands, and availing them for another around of hybridization with the remaining QD-CPs. After removing the magnetic beads along with unreacted (uncleaved) QD-CPs by using a permanent magnet, ultrasensitive fluorescent detection of DV is realized through the cleaved QDs. Serotyping of DV is accomplished by a judicious design of the QD-CPs. The assay combines excellent signal generation by the highly fluorescent QDs and the effortlessness of utilizing magnetic beads in the removal of the unreacted QD-CPs. The highly efficient DSN cleavage in conjunction with its excellent mismatch discrimination ability permits serotyping of DVs in one tube with excellent sensitivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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32
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Hu L, Liu X, Cecconello A, Willner I. Dual switchable CRET-induced luminescence of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) by the hemin/G-quadruplex-bridged aggregation and deaggregation of two-sized QDs. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:6030-6035. [PMID: 25216118 DOI: 10.1021/nl503299f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The hemin/G-quadruplex-catalyzed generation of chemiluminescence through the oxidation of luminol by H2O2 stimulates the chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) to CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs), resulting in the luminescence of the QDs. By the cyclic K(+)-ion-induced formation of the hemin/G-quadruplex linked to the QDs, and the separation of the G-quadruplex in the presence of 18-crown-6-ether, the ON-OFF switchable CRET-induced luminescence of the QDs is demonstrated. QDs were modified with nucleic acids consisting of the G-quadruplex subunits sequences and of programmed domains that can be cross-linked through hybridization, using an auxiliary scaffold. In the presence of K(+)-ions, the QDs aggregate through the cooperative stabilization of K(+)-ion-stabilized G-quadruplex bridges and duplex domains between the auxiliary scaffold and the nucleic acids associated with the QDs. In the presence of 18-crown-6-ether, the K(+)-ions are eliminated from the G-quadruplex units, leading to the separation of the aggregated QDs. By the cyclic treatment of the QDs with K(+)-ions/18-crown-6-ether, the reversible aggregation/deaggregation of the QDs is demonstrated. The incorporation of hemin into the K(+)-ion-stabilized G-quadruplex leads to the ON-OFF switchable CRET-stimulated luminescence of the QDs. By the mixing of appropriately modified two-sized QDs, emitting at 540 and 610 nm, the dual ON-OFF activation of the luminescence of the QDs is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianzhe Hu
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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33
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Zhao W, Dong S, Sun L, Wang Q, Gai H. Investigating the photostability of quantum dots at the single-molecule level. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:3542-8. [PMID: 25234334 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) have shown great potential to provide spatial, temporal, and structural information for biological systems. However, blinking, photobleaching, and spectral blueshift are adverse effects on their practical applications in biomedical research. An investigation of the effects of six reducing agents including cysteine (Cys), 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT), ethyl gallate (EG), L-glutathione (GSH), mercaptoacetic acid (MAA), and thiourea (TU) on the photostability of single QDs was studied. Our experiments demonstrate that both DTT and EG effectively inhibit blinking, photobleaching, and spectral blueshift. GSH molecules block blinking and photobleaching of QDs. The other reagents, Cys, MAA, and TU, only have the ability to counteract blinking. Possible explanations are given on the basis of research evidence. The results suggest possibilities for significant improvements in QDs for biological applications by adjusting the environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 516-83536972
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34
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Yang X, Zhuo Y, Zhu S, Luo Y, Feng Y, Xu Y. Selectively assaying CEA based on a creative strategy of gold nanoparticles enhancing silver nanoclusters' fluorescence. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 64:345-51. [PMID: 25259877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have successfully built up connections between nanoparticles and nanoclusters, and further constructed a surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF) strategy based on the two types of nanomaterials for selectively assaying carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Specifically, silver nanoclusters provided the original fluorescence signal, while gold nanoparticles modified with DNA served as the fluorescence enhancer simultaneously. On the basis of this proposed nano-system, the two nanomaterials were linked by CEA-aptamer, thus facilitating SEF occurring. Nevertheless, more competitive interactions between CEA and CEA-aptamer emerged once CEA added, leading to SEF failed and their fluorescence decreased. Significantly, this creative method was further applied to detect CEA, and showed the linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and CEA concentrations in the range of 0.01-1 ng mL(-1) with a detection limit of 3 pg mL(-1) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, demonstrating its sensitivity and promising towards multiple applications. On the whole, this approach we established may broaden potential ways of combining nanoparticles and nanoclusters for detecting trace targets in bioanalytical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Yan Zhuo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yawen Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yuanjiao Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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35
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Jiang Z, Nolan A, Walton JGA, Lilienkampf A, Zhang R, Bradley M. Photoluminescent carbon dots from 1,4-addition polymers. Chemistry 2014; 20:10926-31. [PMID: 25099331 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Photoluminescent carbon dots were synthesised directly by thermopyrolysis of 1,4-addition polymers, allowing precise control of their properties. The effect of polymer composition on the properties of the carbon dots was investigated by TEM, IR, XPS, elemental analysis and fluorescence analysis, with carbon dots synthesised from nitrogen-containing polymers showing the highest fluorescence. The carbon dots with high nitrogen content were observed to have strong fluorescence in the visible region, and culture with cells showed that the carbon dots were non-cytotoxic and readily taken up by three different cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Jiang
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ (UK); School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211 (P.R. China).
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36
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Yang X, Yu Y, Gao Z. A highly sensitive plasmonic DNA assay based on triangular silver nanoprism etching. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4902-7. [PMID: 24766422 DOI: 10.1021/nn5008786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Specific nucleic acid detection by using simple and low-cost assays is important in clinical diagnostics, mutation detection, and biodefense applications. Most current methods for the quantification of low concentrations of DNA require costly and sophisticated instruments. Here, we have developed a facile DNA detection platform based on a plasmonic triangular silver nanoprism etching process, in which the shape and size of the nanoprisms were altered accompanied by a substantial surface plasmon resonance shift. Through the combination of enzyme-linked hybridization chain reaction amplification and inherent sensitivity of plasmonic silver nanoprims, this assay could detect as low as 6.0 fM target DNA. Considering the high sensitivity and selectivity of this plasmonic DNA assay, it is expected to be of great interest in clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543
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37
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High-throughput detection of food-borne pathogenic bacteria using oligonucleotide microarray with quantum dots as fluorescent labels. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 185:27-32. [PMID: 24927399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens are mostly responsible for food-borne diseases, and there is still substantial room for improvement in the effective detection of these organisms. In the present study, we explored a new method to detect target pathogens easily and rapidly with high sensitivity and specificity. This method uses an oligonucleotide microarray combined with quantum dots as fluorescent labels. Oligonucleotide probes targeting the 16SrRNA gene were synthesized to create an oligonucleotide microarray. The PCR products labeled with biotin were subsequently hybridized using an oligonucleotide microarray. Following incubation with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots coated with streptavidin, fluorescent signals were detected with a PerkinElmer Gx Microarray Scanner. The results clearly showed specific hybridization profiles corresponding to the bacterial species assessed. Two hundred and sixteen strains of food-borne bacterial pathogens, including standard strains and isolated strains from food samples, were used to test the specificity, stability, and sensitivity of the microarray system. We found that the oligonucleotide microarray combined with quantum dots used as fluorescent labels can successfully discriminate the bacterial organisms at the genera or species level, with high specificity and stability as well as a sensitivity of 10 colony forming units (CFU)/mL of pure culture. We further tested 105 mock-contaminated food samples and achieved consistent results as those obtained from traditional biochemical methods. Together, these results indicate that the quantum dot-based oligonucleotide microarray has the potential to be a powerful tool in the detection and identification of pathogenic bacteria in foods.
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38
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Yao J, Yang M, Duan Y. Chemistry, Biology, and Medicine of Fluorescent Nanomaterials and Related Systems: New Insights into Biosensing, Bioimaging, Genomics, Diagnostics, and Therapy. Chem Rev 2014; 114:6130-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200359p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 592] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical and Testing Center,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical and Testing Center,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical and Testing Center,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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39
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40
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Krishna KS, Li Y, Li S, Kumar CS. Lab-on-a-chip synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials and quantum dots for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1470-95. [PMID: 23726944 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The past two decades have seen a dramatic raise in the number of investigations leading to the development of Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) devices for synthesis of nanomaterials. A majority of these investigations were focused on inorganic nanomaterials comprising of metals, metal oxides, nanocomposites and quantum dots. Herein, we provide an analysis of these findings, especially, considering the more recent developments in this new decade. We made an attempt to bring out the differences between chip-based as well as tubular continuous flow systems. We also cover, for the first time, various opportunities the tools from the field of computational fluid dynamics provide in designing LOC systems for synthesis inorganic nanomaterials. Particularly, we provide unique examples to demonstrate that there is a need for concerted effort to utilize LOC devices not only for synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials but also for carrying out superior in vitro studies thereby, paving the way for faster clinical translation. Even though LOC devices with the possibility to carry out multi-step syntheses have been designed, surprisingly, such systems have not been utilized for carrying out simultaneous synthesis and bio-functionalization of nanomaterials. While traditionally, LOC devices are primarily based on microfluidic systems, in this review article, we make a case for utilizing millifluidic systems for more efficient synthesis, bio-functionalization and in vitro studies of inorganic nanomaterials tailor-made for biomedical applications. Finally, recent advances in the field clearly point out the possibility for pushing the boundaries of current medical practices towards personalized health care with a vision to develop automated LOC-based instrumentation for carrying out simultaneous synthesis, bio-functionalization and in vitro evaluation of inorganic nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
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Zhang Y, Pilapong C, Guo Y, Ling Z, Cespedes O, Quirke P, Zhou D. Sensitive, simultaneous quantitation of two unlabeled DNA targets using a magnetic nanoparticle-enzyme sandwich assay. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9238-44. [PMID: 23971744 PMCID: PMC3789254 DOI: 10.1021/ac402081u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We report herein the development of a simple, sensitive colorimetric magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-enzyme-based DNA sandwich assay that is suitable for simultaneous, label-free quantitation of two DNA targets down to 50 fM level. It can also effectively discriminate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes associated with human cancers (KRAS codon 12/13 SNPs). This assay uses a pair of specific DNA probes, one being covalently conjugated to an MNP for target capture and the other being linked to an enzyme for signal amplification, to sandwich a DNA target, allowing for convenient magnetic separation and subsequent efficient enzymatic signal amplification for high sensitivity. Careful optimization of the MNP surfaces and assay conditions greatly reduced the background, allowing for sensitive, specific detection of as little as 5 amol (50 fM in 100 μL) of target DNA. Moreover, this sensor is robust, it can effectively discriminate cancer-specific SNPs against the wild-type noncancer target, and it works efficiently in 10% human serum. Furthermore, this sensor can simultaneously quantitate two different DNA targets by using two pairs of unique capture- and signal-DNA probes specific for each target. This general, simple, and sensitive DNA sensor appears to be well-suited for a wide range of genetics-based biosensing and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Chalermchai Pilapong
- School
of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Yuan Guo
- School
of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Zhenlian Ling
- School
of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Oscar Cespedes
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Philip Quirke
- Section of Pathology
and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Wellcome
Trust Brenner Building, St. James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, U.K.
| | - Dejian Zhou
- School
of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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Single domain antibody–quantum dot conjugates for ricin detection by both fluoroimmunoassay and surface plasmon resonance. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 786:132-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Zhang M, Liu YQ, Yu CY, Yin BC, Ye BC. Multiplexed detection of microRNAs by tuning DNA-scaffolded silver nanoclusters. Analyst 2013; 138:4812-7. [PMID: 23814783 DOI: 10.1039/c3an00666b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A universal silver-nanocluster method coupled with target-triggered isothermal exponential amplification reaction (TIEAR) is developed for light-up fluorescent detection of multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) in a label-free format. Taking advantage of the interesting feature of the fine-tuned emission spectrum of fluorescent DNA-scaffolded silver nanoclusters (DNA/AgNCs), our proposed assay is designed such that the different miRNA targets are transferred to the different oligonucleotide reporters via the TIEAR, in which unimolecular DNAs designed for different targets are employed as the amplification templates, polymerases and nicking enzymes as mechanical activators and miRNA targets as the trigger. The produced oligonucleotide reporters act as templates for the synthesis of multicolor DNA/AgNC probes, which correspond to different target inputs. This proposed method has been well validated on the multiplex detection of miRNAs and DNAs, as well as in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Lab of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong RD 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Freeman R, Girsh J, Willner I. Nucleic acid/quantum dots (QDs) hybrid systems for optical and photoelectrochemical sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:2815-2834. [PMID: 23425022 DOI: 10.1021/am303189h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid/semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) hybrid systems combine the recognition and catalytic properties of nucleic acids with the unique photophysical features of QDs. These functions of nucleic acid/QDs hybrids are implemented to develop different optical sensing platforms for the detection of DNA, aptamer-substrate complexes, and metal ions. Different photophysical mechanisms including fluorescence, electron transfer quenching, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) are used to develop the sensor systems. The size-controlled luminescence properties of QDs are further implemented for the multiplexed, parallel analysis of several DNAs, aptamer-substrate complexes, or mixtures of ions. Similarly, methods to amplify the sensing events through the biocatalytic regeneration of the analyte were developed. An additional paradigm in the implementation of nucleic acid/QDs hybrids for sensing applications involves the integration of the systems with electrodes, and the generation of photocurrents as transduction signals for the sensing events. Finally, semiconductor QDs conjugated to functional DNA machines, such as "walker" systems, provide an effective optical label for probing the dynamics and mechanical functions of the molecular devices. The present article addresses the recent advances in the application of nucleic acid/QDs hybrids for sensing applications and DNA nanotechnology, and discusses future perspectives of these hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Freeman
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnologhy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Liao HW, Tsai IL, Chen GY, Kuo CT, Wei MF, Hwang TJ, Chen WJ, Shen LJ, Kuo CH. Simultaneous detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variations in the CYP2D6 gene by multiplex polymerase chain reaction combined with capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 763:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Kairdolf BA, Smith AM, Stokes TH, Wang MD, Young AN, Nie S. Semiconductor quantum dots for bioimaging and biodiagnostic applications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2013; 6:143-62. [PMID: 23527547 PMCID: PMC3733675 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-060908-155136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are light-emitting particles on the nanometer scale that have emerged as a new class of fluorescent labels for chemical analysis, molecular imaging, and biomedical diagnostics. Compared with traditional fluorescent probes, QDs have unique optical and electronic properties such as size-tunable light emission, narrow and symmetric emission spectra, and broad absorption spectra that enable the simultaneous excitation of multiple fluorescence colors. QDs are also considerably brighter and more resistant to photobleaching than are organic dyes and fluorescent proteins. These properties are well suited for dynamic imaging at the single-molecule level and for multiplexed biomedical diagnostics at ultrahigh sensitivity. Here, we discuss the fundamental properties of QDs; the development of next-generation QDs; and their applications in bioanalytical chemistry, dynamic cellular imaging, and medical diagnostics. For in vivo and clinical imaging, the potential toxicity of QDs remains a major concern. However, the toxic nature of cadmium-containing QDs is no longer a factor for in vitro diagnostics, so the use of multicolor QDs for molecular diagnostics and pathology is probably the most important and clinically relevant application for semiconductor QDs in the immediate future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad A Kairdolf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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Freeman R, Finder T, Bahshi L, Gill R, Willner I. Functionalized CdSe/ZnS QDs for the detection of nitroaromatic or RDX explosives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:6416-21. [PMID: 23008159 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201202793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemically modified CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) are used as fluorescent probes for the analysis of explosives, and specifically, the detection of trinitrotoluene (TNT) or trinitrotriazine (RDX). The QDs are functionalized with electron-donating ligands that bind nitro-containing explosives, exhibiting electron-acceptor properties, to the QD surface, via supramolecular donor-acceptor interactions leading to the quenching of the luminescence of the QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Freeman
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnologhy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Research Progress in Application of Nanomaterial for Deoxyribonucleic Acid Detection. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1096.2011.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang Y, Wang TH. Quantum dot enabled molecular sensing and diagnostics. Am J Cancer Res 2012; 2:631-54. [PMID: 22916072 PMCID: PMC3425091 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence, semiconductor nanoparticles known as quantum dots (QDs) have drawn considerable attention and have quickly extended their applicability to numerous fields within the life sciences. This is largely due to their unique optical properties such as high brightness and narrow emission band as well as other advantages over traditional organic fluorophores. New molecular sensing strategies based on QDs have been developed in pursuit of high sensitivity, high throughput, and multiplexing capabilities. For traditional biological applications, QDs have already begun to replace traditional organic fluorophores to serve as simple fluorescent reporters in immunoassays, microarrays, fluorescent imaging applications, and other assay platforms. In addition, smarter, more advanced QD probes such as quantum dot fluorescence resonance energy transfer (QD-FRET) sensors, quenching sensors, and barcoding systems are paving the way for highly-sensitive genetic and epigenetic detection of diseases, multiplexed identification of infectious pathogens, and tracking of intracellular drug and gene delivery. When combined with microfluidics and confocal fluorescence spectroscopy, the detection limit is further enhanced to single molecule level. Recently, investigations have revealed that QDs participate in series of new phenomena and exhibit interesting non-photoluminescent properties. Some of these new findings are now being incorporated into novel assays for gene copy number variation (CNV) studies and DNA methylation analysis with improved quantification resolution. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on the latest developments of QD based molecular diagnostic platforms in which QD plays a versatile and essential role.
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