1
|
Aparna TK, D ST, Dar MA, Gul R, Sivasubramanian R. Polydopamine functionalized FeTiO 3 nanohexagons for selective and simultaneous electrochemical determination of dopamine and uric acid. RSC Adv 2024; 14:26694-26702. [PMID: 39184000 PMCID: PMC11340443 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04148h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the simultaneous detection of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) using polydopamine (PDA) functionalized FeTiO3 nanohexagons. The nanohexagons were hydrothermally synthesized and subsequently functionalized with PDA in a Tris-buffer solution. The PDA functionalized nanostructure was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), respectively. The SEM and TEM investigations revealed the presence of FeTiO3 nanohexagons along with a peripheral coating of PDA over the nanostructures. The XRD pattern confirmed the formation of the ilmenite structure, while the chemical structure was investigated through XPS and FTIR respectively. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV) the efficacy of FeTiO3-PDA electrode was evaluated toward DA oxidation. The enhanced activity of the functionalized electrode in DA oxidation, as compared to the untreated FeTiO3, may be attributed to the significant presence of hydroxyl, amine, and imine functional groups over the polymer layer. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was utilized for the detection of DA and UA. With a linear range of 50 μM to 250 μM, the detection limits of 0.30 μM and 4.61 μM were determined for DA and UA, respectively. The peak separation of 263 mV between DA and UA demonstrates the sensor's remarkable selectivity. In addition, the study displayed the ability to detect both DA and UA simultaneously, and the validity of the sensor was evaluated in serum samples, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T K Aparna
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai Tamilnadu 600036 India
| | - Swathi Tharani D
- Electrochemical Sensors and Energy Materials Lab, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 641004 India
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Dar
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials, King Saud University Riyadh 11421 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rukhsana Gul
- Obesity Research Center, King Saud University Riyadh 11461 Saudi Arabia
| | - R Sivasubramanian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amaravati Andhra Pradesh 522503 India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lytvynenko A, Baluchová S, Zima J, Krůšek J, Schwarzová-Pecková K. Biofouling and performance of boron-doped diamond electrodes for detection of dopamine and serotonin in neuron cultivation media. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 158:108713. [PMID: 38688079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Boron doped diamond has been considered as a fouling-resistive electrode material for in vitro and in vivo detection of neurotransmitters. In this study, its performance in electrochemical detection of dopamine and serotonin in neuron cultivation media Neurobasal™ before and after cultivation of rat neurons was investigated. For differential pulse voltammetry the limits of detection in neat Neurobasal™ medium of 2 µM and 0.2 µM for dopamine and serotonin, respectively, were achieved on the polished surface, which is comparable with physiological values. On oxidized surface twofold higher values, but increased repeatabilities of the signals were obtained. However, in Neurobasal™ media with peptides-containing supplements necessary for cell cultivation, the voltammograms were notably worse shaped due to biofouling, especially in the medium isolated after neuron growth. In these complex media, the amperometric detection mode at +0.75 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) allowed to detect portion-wise additions of dopamine and serotonin (as low as 1-2 µM), mimicking neurotransmitter release from vesicles despite the lower sensitivity in comparison with neat NeurobasalTM. The results indicate substantial differences in detection on boron doped diamond electrode in the presence and absence of proteins, and the necessity of studies in real media for successful implementation to neuron-electrode interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Lytvynenko
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Baluchová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Zima
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krůšek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Schwarzová-Pecková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jang J, Cho HU, Hwang S, Kwak Y, Kwon H, Heien ML, Bennet KE, Oh Y, Shin H, Lee KH, Jang DP. Understanding the different effects of fouling mechanisms on working and reference electrodes in fast-scan cyclic voltammetry for neurotransmitter detection. Analyst 2024; 149:3008-3016. [PMID: 38606455 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02205f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is a widely used technique for detecting neurotransmitters. However, electrode fouling can negatively impact its accuracy and sensitivity. Fouling refers to the accumulation of unwanted materials on the electrode surface, which can alter its electrochemical properties and reduce its sensitivity and selectivity. Fouling mechanisms can be broad and may include biofouling, the accumulation of biomolecules on the electrode surface, and chemical fouling, the deposition of unwanted chemical species. Despite individual studies discussing fouling effects on either the working electrode or the reference electrode, no comprehensive study has been conducted to compare the overall fouling effects on both electrodes in the context of FSCV. Here, we examined the effects of biofouling and chemical fouling on the carbon fiber micro-electrode (CFME) as the working electrode and the Ag/AgCl reference electrode with FSCV. Both fouling mechanisms significantly decreased the sensitivity and caused peak voltage shifts in the FSCV signal with the CFME, but not with the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Interestingly, previous studies have reported peak voltage shifts in FSCV signals due to the fouling of Ag/AgCl electrodes after implantation in the brain. We noticed in a previous study that energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectra showed increased sulfide ion concentration after implantation. We hypothesized that sulfide ions may be responsible for the peak voltage shift. To test this hypothesis, we added sulfide ions to the buffer solution, which decreased the open circuit potential of the Ag/AgCl electrode and caused a peak voltage shift in the FSCV voltammograms. Also, EDS analysis showed that sulfide ion concentration increased on the surface of the Ag/AgCl electrodes after 3 weeks of chronic implantation, necessitating consideration of sulfide ions as the fouling agent for the reference electrodes. Overall, our study provides important insights into the mechanisms of electrode fouling and its impact on FSCV measurements. These findings could inform the design of FSCV experiments, with the development of new strategies for improving the accuracy and reliability of FSCV measurements in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Jang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-U Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmun Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjong Kwak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Kwon
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael L Heien
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Kevin E Bennet
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yoonbae Oh
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hojin Shin
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kendall H Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Dong Pyo Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jamalzadeh M, Cuniberto E, Huang Z, Feeley RM, Patel JC, Rice ME, Uichanco J, Shahrjerdi D. Toward robust quantification of dopamine and serotonin in mixtures using nano-graphitic carbon sensors. Analyst 2024; 149:2351-2362. [PMID: 38375597 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02086j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring the coordinated signaling of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) is important for advancing our understanding of the brain. However, the co-detection and robust quantification of these signals at low concentrations is yet to be demonstrated. Here, we present the quantification of DA and 5-HT using nano-graphitic (NG) sensors together with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) employing an engineered N-shape potential waveform. Our method yields 6% error in quantifying DA and 5-HT analytes present in in vitro mixtures at concentrations below 100 nM. This advance is due to the electrochemical properties of NG sensors which, in combination with the engineered FSCV waveform, provided distinguishable cyclic voltammograms (CVs) for DA and 5-HT. We also demonstrate the generalizability of the prediction model across different NG sensors, which arises from the consistent voltammetric fingerprints produced by our NG sensors. Curiously, the proposed engineered waveform also improves the distinguishability of DA and 5-HT CVs obtained from traditional carbon fiber (CF) microelectrodes. Nevertheless, this improved distinguishability of CVs obtained from CF is inferior to that of NG sensors, arising from differences in the electrochemical properties of the sensor materials. Our findings demonstrate the potential of NG sensors and our proposed FSCV waveform for future brain studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moeid Jamalzadeh
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
| | - Edoardo Cuniberto
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
| | - Zhujun Huang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
| | - Ryan M Feeley
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jyoti C Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Margaret E Rice
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joline Uichanco
- Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Davood Shahrjerdi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jeong YH, Kwon M, Shin S, Lee J, Kim KS. Biomedical Applications of CNT-Based Fibers. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:137. [PMID: 38534244 DOI: 10.3390/bios14030137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been regarded as emerging materials in various applications. However, the range of biomedical applications is limited due to the aggregation and potential toxicity of powder-type CNTs. To overcome these issues, techniques to assemble them into various macroscopic structures, such as one-dimensional fibers, two-dimensional films, and three-dimensional aerogels, have been developed. Among them, carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF) is a one-dimensional aggregate of CNTs, which can be used to solve the potential toxicity problem of individual CNTs. Furthermore, since it has unique properties due to the one-dimensional nature of CNTs, CNTF has beneficial potential for biomedical applications. This review summarizes the biomedical applications using CNTF, such as the detection of biomolecules or signals for biosensors, strain sensors for wearable healthcare devices, and tissue engineering for regenerating human tissues. In addition, by considering the challenges and perspectives of CNTF for biomedical applications, the feasibility of CNTF in biomedical applications is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ho Jeong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Kwon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsoo Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaegeun Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Su Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Advanced Organic Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ganesh PS, Elugoke SE, Lee SH, Kim SY, Ebenso EE. Smart and emerging point of care electrochemical sensors based on nanomaterials for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection: Towards designing a future rapid diagnostic tool. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141269. [PMID: 38307334 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
In the recent years, researchers from all over the world have become interested in the fabrication of advanced and innovative electrochemical and/or biosensors for respiratory virus detection with the use of nanotechnology. These fabricated sensors demonstrated a number of benefits, including precision, affordability, accessibility, and miniaturization which makes them a promising test method for point-of-care (PoC) screening for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. In order to comprehend the principles of electrochemical sensing and the role of various types of sensing interfaces, we comprehensively explored the underlying principles of electroanalytical methods and terminologies related to it in this review. In addition, it is addressed how to fabricate electrochemical sensing devices incorporating nanomaterials as graphene, metal/metal oxides, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), MXenes, quantum dots, and polymers. We took an effort to carefully compile current developments, advantages, drawbacks, possible solutions in nanomaterials based electrochemical sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pattan Siddappa Ganesh
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Saheed Eluwale Elugoke
- Centre for Material Science, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Seok-Han Lee
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youn Kim
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eno E Ebenso
- Centre for Material Science, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Matvieiev O, Šelešovská R, Marton M, Hatala M, Metelka R, Weis M, Vojs M. Effect of different modification by gold nanoparticles on the electrochemical performance of screen-printed sensors with boron-doped diamond electrode. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21525. [PMID: 38057545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Screen-printed sensors with chemically deposited boron-doped diamond electrodes (BDDE) were modified with different types of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) according to a new original procedure. Physically and electrochemically deposited AuNPs had various sizes and also nanoporous character. They also differ in shape and density of surface coverage. The developed sensors were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Their electrochemical properties were studied using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectrometry of selected outer sphere ([Ru(NH3)6]Cl3) and inner sphere (K3[Fe(CN)6], dopamine) redox markers. The application possibilities of such novel screen-printed sensors with BDDE modified by AuNPs were verified in the analysis of the neurotransmitter dopamine. The best analytical performance was achieved using printed sensors modified with the smallest AuNPs. The achieved limit of detection values in nanomolar concentrations (2.5 nmol L-1) are much lower than those of unmodified electrodes, which confirms the significant catalytic effects of gold nanoparticles on the surface of the working electrode. Sensors with the best electrochemical properties were successfully applied in the analysis of a model solution and spiked urine samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Matvieiev
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Renáta Šelešovská
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Marián Marton
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 3, Bratislava, 812 19, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Hatala
- Department of Graphic Arts Technology and Applied Photochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovak Republic
| | - Radovan Metelka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Weis
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 3, Bratislava, 812 19, Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Vojs
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 3, Bratislava, 812 19, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Srinivas S, Senthil Kumar SM, Senthil Kumar A. Edge and Basal Plane Anisotropy of a Preanodized Pencil Graphite Electrode Surface Revealed Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy and Electrocatalytic Dopamine Oxidation as a Molecular Probe. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12563-12575. [PMID: 37646227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Pencil graphite (PGE), an ultralow-cost and ready-to-use disposable-type electrode, has been used for various electrochemical and electroanalytical applications after its surface anodization (PGE*, * means preanodized surface). Indeed, systematic studies on mechanistic and surface features of PGE* have not yet been explored. Herein, we report anodized pencil graphite as a model system to study molecular level insights into the surface using a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) technique and dopamine (DA) electrocatalytic oxidation reaction as a molecular probe. The as-prepared PGE* showed an appreciable electronic conductivity similar to the edge-plane graphitic sites (EPPG) of the highly pyrolytic graphitic electrode (HOPG) but without any surface deterioration that occurs with HOPG due to the instability of the EPPG. Physicochemical characterizations by FESEM, FTIR, Raman, and XPS techniques revealed a flake-like exfoliated PGE* surface with higher contents of carbon-oxygen especially phenolic/alcoholic functional groups than the PGE surface. Based on the chronocoulometric experiment, the number of functional groups formed on the PGE* was calculated as 10.9 × 10-10 mol cm-2. An independent SECM technique using ferricyanide as a redox probe showed the existence of a heterogeneous surface and exhibited an improved electron transfer activity due to the flake-like graphitic island on the PGE* surface. Investigated DA electrochemical oxidation on PGE* yielded about three times enhancement in the peak current signal and about 200 mV reduction in the oxidation potential over the PGE without any serious surface fouling feature that is related to the intermediate polydopamine formation on the basal-plane graphitic surface of the underlying electrode. As an independent electroanalytical study, a prototype electrochemical sensor using PGE* as a working electrode for instant detection of DA-containing pharmaceutical samples in a 1 mL Eppendorf vial has been demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Srinivas
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
| | - Sakkarapalayam Murugesan Senthil Kumar
- Electroorganic and Materials Electrochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Annamalai Senthil Kumar
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore632 014, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liljeström T, Kontturi KS, Durairaj V, Wester N, Tammelin T, Laurila T, Koskinen J. Protein Adsorption and Its Effects on Electroanalytical Performance of Nanocellulose/Carbon Nanotube Composite Electrodes. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3806-3818. [PMID: 37433182 PMCID: PMC10428158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein fouling is a critical issue in the development of electrochemical sensors for medical applications, as it can significantly impact their sensitivity, stability, and reliability. Modifying planar electrodes with conductive nanomaterials that possess a high surface area, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), has been shown to significantly improve fouling resistance and sensitivity. However, the inherent hydrophobicity of CNTs and their poor dispersibility in solvents pose challenges in optimizing such electrode architectures for maximum sensitivity. Fortunately, nanocellulosic materials offer an efficient and sustainable approach to achieving effective functional and hybrid nanoscale architectures by enabling stable aqueous dispersions of carbon nanomaterials. Additionally, the inherent hygroscopicity and fouling-resistant nature of nanocellulosic materials can provide superior functionalities in such composites. In this study, we evaluate the fouling behavior of two nanocellulose (NC)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite electrode systems: one using sulfated cellulose nanofibers and another using sulfated cellulose nanocrystals. We compare these composites to commercial MWCNT electrodes without nanocellulose and analyze their behavior in physiologically relevant fouling environments of varying complexity using common outer- and inner-sphere redox probes. Additionally, we use quartz crystal microgravimetry with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) to investigate the behavior of amorphous carbon surfaces and nanocellulosic materials in fouling environments. Our results demonstrate that the NC/MWCNT composite electrodes provide significant advantages for measurement reliability, sensitivity, and selectivity over only MWCNT-based electrodes, even in complex physiological monitoring environments such as human plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Touko Liljeström
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Katri S. Kontturi
- Sustainable
Products and Materials, VTT Technical Research
Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Vasuki Durairaj
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Sustainable
Products and Materials, VTT Technical Research
Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Niklas Wester
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- Sustainable
Products and Materials, VTT Technical Research
Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tomi Laurila
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Jari Koskinen
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cho W, Yoon SH, Chung TD. Streamlining the interface between electronics and neural systems for bidirectional electrochemical communication. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4463-4479. [PMID: 37152246 PMCID: PMC10155913 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00338h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Seamless neural interfaces conjoining neurons and electrochemical devices hold great potential for highly efficient signal transmission across neural systems and the external world. Signal transmission through chemical sensing and stimulation via electrochemistry is remarkable because communication occurs through the same chemical language of neurons. Emerging strategies based on synaptic interfaces, iontronics-based neuromodulation, and improvements in selective neurosensing techniques have been explored to achieve seamless integration and efficient neuro-electronics communication. Synaptic interfaces can directly exchange signals to and from neurons, in a similar manner to that of chemical synapses. Hydrogel-based iontronic chemical delivery devices are operationally compatible with neural systems for improved neuromodulation. In this perspective, we explore developments to improve the interface between neurons and electrodes by targeting neurons or sub-neuronal regions including synapses. Furthermore, recent progress in electrochemical neurosensing and iontronics-based chemical delivery is examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wonkyung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Heui Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Dong Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology Suwon-si 16229 Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu H, Meng Z, Wang J, Yao G, Yang L, Zeng Z, She K, Zhao S, Wang G, Zhang Y, Zang G. Aptamer functionalized cell membrane for brain and nerve cell sensing with high sensitivity and stability. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 227:115149. [PMID: 36858022 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Accurate dopamine (DA) monitoring with high stability is essential for investigating the chemical basis of brain function and pathology. Electrochemical-based tissue-implantable carbon fiber electrodes (CFEs) show great potential in sensing the dynamics of neurochemicals at a sub-second timescale. However, their anti-fouling property, selectivity, and stability pose challenges. Here, we presented a novel strategy to enhance electrode biocompatibility and stability by modifying CFE with a chitosan (CS) film, brain cell membrane (M), and aptamer cholesterol amphiphiles (DNA-cho). We found that CFE was uniformly covered by a cicada-like membrane after being modified. Electrochemical characterizations indicated that DNA-cho-M-CS-CFE exhibited a wide linear range of DA concentration and showed high sensitivity, specificity, and stability. The electrode also presented excellent fouling resistance and biocompatibility. Moreover, the biosensor was used to detect DA in K+-induced brain slices and PC12 cells with a satisfactory stability and sensitivity and to prove that LPS treatment leads to the delayed and decreased release of DA. DNA-cho-M-CS-CFE showed excellent electrochemical performance and unique advantages for long-term in vivo sensing of living cells, thus providing a new feasible scheme for studying neurochemical kinetics and brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- Institute of Life Science, Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zexuan Meng
- Institute of Life Science, Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Life Science, Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Yao
- Institute of Life Science, Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Institute of Life Science, Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zeng
- Institute of Life Science, Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kepeng She
- Institute of Life Science, Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Yuchan Zhang
- Institute of Life Science, Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Guangchao Zang
- Institute of Life Science, Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Srinivas S, Senthil Kumar A. Surface-Activated Pencil Graphite Electrode for Dopamine Sensor Applications: A Critical Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:353. [PMID: 36979565 PMCID: PMC10046220 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pencil graphite electrode (PGE) is an alternative, commercially available, ready-to-use, screen-printed electrode for a wide range of electroanalytical applications. Due to the complex-matrix composition and unpredictable electro-inactive nature of PGE in its native form, a surface pre-treatment/activation procedure is highly preferred for using it as an electroactive working electrode for electroanalytical applications. In this article, we review various surface pre-treatment and modification procedures adopted in the literature with respect to the sensitive and selective detection of dopamine as a model system. Specific generation of the carbon-oxygen functional group, along with partial surface exfoliation of PGE, has been referred to as a key step for the activation. Based on the Scopus® index, the literature collection was searched with the keywords "pencil and dopamine". The obtained data were segregated into three main headings as: (i) electrochemically pre-treated PGE; (ii) polymer-modified PGEs; and (iii) metal and metal nanocomposite-modified PGE. This critical review covers various surface activation procedures adopted for the activation for PGE suitable for dopamine electroanalytical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Srinivas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
| | - Annamalai Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu KH, Zhang J, Amdad Ali M, Zhao S. Rotating ring-disc electrode method: Assessing transient chemical interaction of redox intermediate with electrode surface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
|
14
|
Ahnood A, Chambers A, Gelmi A, Yong KT, Kavehei O. Semiconducting electrodes for neural interfacing: a review. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1491-1518. [PMID: 36734845 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00830k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the past 50 years, the advent of electronic technology to directly interface with neural tissue has transformed the fields of medicine and biology. Devices that restore or even replace impaired bodily functions, such as deep brain stimulators and cochlear implants, have ushered in a new treatment era for previously intractable conditions. Meanwhile, electrodes for recording and stimulating neural activity have allowed researchers to unravel the vast complexities of the human nervous system. Recent advances in semiconducting materials have allowed effective interfaces between electrodes and neuronal tissue through novel devices and structures. Often these are unattainable using conventional metallic electrodes. These have translated into advances in research and treatment. The development of semiconducting materials opens new avenues in neural interfacing. This review considers this emerging class of electrodes and how it can facilitate electrical, optical, and chemical sensing and modulation with high spatial and temporal precision. Semiconducting electrodes have advanced electrically based neural interfacing technologies owing to their unique electrochemical and photo-electrochemical attributes. Key operation modalities, namely sensing and stimulation in electrical, biochemical, and optical domains, are discussed, highlighting their contrast to metallic electrodes from the application and characterization perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arman Ahnood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Andre Chambers
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Amy Gelmi
- School of Science, RMIT University, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Omid Kavehei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Manring N, Ahmed MMN, Smeltz JL, Pathirathna P. Electrodeposition of dopamine onto carbon fiber microelectrodes to enhance the detection of Cu 2+ via fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-022-04488-4. [PMID: 36595035 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of neurodegenerative diseases is poorly understood; however, studies have shown that heavy metals, such as copper, play a critical role in neurotoxicity, thus, adversely affecting the development of these diseases. Because of the limitations associated with classical metal detection tools to obtain accurate speciation information of ultra-low concentrations of heavy metals in the brain, analysis is primarily performed in blood, urine, or postmortem tissues, limiting the translatability of acquired knowledge to living systems. Inadequate and less accurate data obtained with such techniques provide little or no information for developing efficient therapeutics that aid in slowing down the deterioration of brain cells. In this study, we developed a biocompatible, ultra-fast, low-cost, and robust surface-modified electrode with carbon fibers by electrodepositing dopamine via fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to detect Cu2+ in modified tris buffer. We studied the surface morphology of our newly introduced sensors using high-resolution images by atomic force microscopy under different deposition conditions. The limit of detection (LOD) of our surface-modified sensor was 0.01 µM (0.64 ppb), and the sensitivity was 11.28 nA/µM. The LOD and sensitivity are fifty and two times greater, respectively, compared to those of a bare electrode. The sensor's response is not affected by the presence of dopamine in the matrix. It also exhibited excellent stability to multiple subsequent injections and repeated measurements of Cu2+ over a month, thus showing its strength to be developed into an accurate, fast, robust electrochemical tool to monitor ultra-low concentrations of heavy metals in the brain in real time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noel Manring
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering & Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Muzammil M N Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering & Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Jessica L Smeltz
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering & Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Pavithra Pathirathna
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering & Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Song H, Wang F, Zhao Y, Gao R, He Y, Yan Q, Chen X, Pfefferle LD, Xu S, Sheng Y. Spatially-directed magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers with good anti-interference for simultaneous enrichment and detection of dual disease-related bio-indicators. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11343-11352. [PMID: 35894543 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the changes of biomarkers directly reflect the occurrence of degenerative diseases, accurate detection of biomarkers is of great significance for disease diagnosis and control. However, single index detection has high uncertainties to accurately reflect the pathological characteristics because of the complexity of the human internal environment and the extremely trace concentration of indicators. To this end, a method for simultaneous detection of dual-biomarkers based on anti-interference magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (D-mag-MIPs) is thereby proposed, and successfully applied in human urine analysis for the detection of Parkinson's disease bio-indicators 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and dopamine (DA). In this work, carboxyl functionalized ferric oxide served as a magnetic core, laying a solid foundation for batch detection. Hyperbranched polyethylenimine, whose abundant amino groups can provide multiple interaction forces to templates with high affinity, is employed as a functional monomer. Relative to single-template MIPs, D-mag-MIPs achieve the detection of dual bio-indicators in a one-time test, reducing the false positive result probability and enhancing the detection accuracy. The proposed methodology has been evaluated to exhibit good anti-interference, satisfactory precision, low detection limits, wide linear ranges and fast batch detection for DA and DOPAC. This work thus offers an alternative and efficient pathway for convenient batch detection of dual bio-indicators from biofluids at once.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijia Song
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Yayun Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Ruixia Gao
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Yulian He
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiaotong University Joint Institute, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qing Yan
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lisa D Pfefferle
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, USA
| | - Silong Xu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Ying Sheng
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Swinya D, Martín-Yerga D, Walker M, Unwin PR. Surface Nanostructure Effects on Dopamine Adsorption and Electrochemistry on Glassy Carbon Electrodes. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:13399-13408. [PMID: 35983313 PMCID: PMC9377355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c02801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) adsorption and electron-transfer kinetics are strongly sensitive to the structure and composition of carbon electrodes. Activation of carbon surfaces is a popular method to improve DA detection, but the role of carbon structural features on DA behavior remains uncertain. Herein, we use scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) for local anodization of glassy carbon (GC) electrodes in acid media followed by electrochemical imaging of DA adsorption and electrochemistry covering both unmodified and anodized GC regions of the same electrode. Electrochemical measurements of adsorbed DA involve the delivery of DA from the SECCM meniscus (30 μM) for 1 s periods followed by voltammetric analysis at a reasonable sweep rate (47 V s-1). This general approach reduces effects from interelectrode variability and allows for considerable numbers of measurements and statistical analysis of electrochemical data sets. Localized electrode activity is correlated to surface structure and chemistry by a range of characterization techniques. Anodization enhances DA electron-transfer kinetics and provides more sites for adsorption (higher specific surface area). A consequence is that adsorption takes longer to approach completion on the anodized surface. In fact, normalizing DA surface coverage by the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) reveals that adsorption is less extensive on anodized surfaces compared to as-prepared GC on the same time scale. Thus, ECSA, which has often been overlooked when calculating DA surface coverage on carbon electrodes, even where different activation methods would be expected to result in different surface roughness and nanostructure, is an important consideration. Lower graphitic and higher oxygen content on anodized GC also suggest that oxygen-containing functional groups do not necessarily enhance DA adsorption and may have the opposite effect. This work further demonstrates SECCM as a powerful technique for revealing surface structure-function relationships and correlations at heterogeneous electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia
L. Swinya
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Martín-Yerga
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Walker
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Szewczyk J, Aguilar-Ferrer D, Coy E. Polydopamine films: Electrochemical growth and sensing applications. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
19
|
Selective Passivation of Three-Dimensional Carbon Microelectrodes by Polydopamine Electrodeposition and Local Laser Ablation. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13030371. [PMID: 35334663 PMCID: PMC8950879 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this article, a novel approach for selective passivation of three-dimensional pyrolytic carbon microelectrodes via a facile electrochemical polymerization of a non-conductive polymer (polydopamine, PDA) onto the surface of carbon electrodes, followed by a selective laser ablation is elaborated. The 3D carbon electrodes consisting of 284 micropillars on a circular 2D carbon base layer were fabricated by pyrolysis of lithographically patterned negative photoresist SU-8. As a second step, dopamine was electropolymerized onto the electrode by cyclic voltammetry (CV) to provide an insulating layer at its surface. The CV parameters, such as the scan rate and the number of cycles, were investigated and optimized to achieve a reliable and uniform non-conductive coating on the surface of the 3D pyrolytic carbon electrode. Finally, the polydopamine was selectively removed only from the tips of the pillars, by using localized laser ablation. The selectively passivated electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods. Due to the surface being composed of highly biocompatible materials, such as pyrolytic carbon and polydopamine, these 3D electrodes are particularly suited for biological application, such as electrochemical monitoring of cells or retinal implants, where highly localized electrical stimulation of nerve cells is beneficial.
Collapse
|
20
|
Choudhury P, Biswas S, Singh G, Pal A, Ghosh N, Ojha AK, Das S, Dutta G, Chaudhury K. Immunological profiling and development of a sensing device for detection of IL-13 in COPD and asthma. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 143:107971. [PMID: 34666224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are the two most common obstructive lung diseases which affects millions worldwide and impose an enormous burden on global healthcare. The overlapping features shared by these two diseases often make differential diagnosis difficult to achieve, leading to misdiagnosis of these patients. Both asthma and COPD are associated with chronic inflammation of the airways which is perpetuated by the interplay between immunological mediators. The crucial role played by these mediators make them attractive targets for disease diagnosis. The present study investigates the immunological mediator profile in these patients as compared with controls. Further, a potential biomarker for the development of a sensing platform is identified. Multiplexed analysis of 8 commonly studied immunological markers (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, TGF-β, IFN-γ, MCP-1 and NGAL) in serum showed distinct dysregulation pattern, with IL-13 showing the highest potential for differential diagnosis. An impedimetric self-assembled monolayer (SAM) based sensor for detecting IL-13 is developed to distinguish between asthma and COPD. The device shows reliable output with high accuracy and sensitivity towards the detection of IL-13.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Choudhury
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | - Souvik Biswas
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghaninagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Arijit Pal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | - Nilanjana Ghosh
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | - Atul Kumar Ojha
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | - Soumen Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | - Gorachand Dutta
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | - Koel Chaudhury
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Comparing electrochemical pre-treated 3D printed native and mechanically polished electrode surfaces for analytical sensing. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
22
|
Ma T, Meng J, Song Q, Wen D. Superhydrophilic edge-rich graphene for the simultaneous and disposable sensing of dopamine, ascorbic acid, and uric acid. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1094-1102. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02620h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid simultaneous sensing strategy of multiple biomarkers is of great importance but challenging in health diagnosis. In this study, a novel free-standing edge-rich graphene film (fs-ERG) was...
Collapse
|
23
|
Laser-activated screen-printed carbon electrodes for enhanced dopamine determination in the presence of ascorbic and uric acid. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
24
|
Kim HU, Koyappayil A, Seok H, Aydin K, Kim C, Park KY, Jeon N, Kang WS, Lee MH, Kim T. Concurrent and Selective Determination of Dopamine and Serotonin with Flexible WS 2 /Graphene/Polyimide Electrode Using Cold Plasma. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102757. [PMID: 34558185 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Makers of point-of-care devices and wearable diagnostics prefer flexible electrodes over conventional electrodes. In this study, a flexible electrode platform is introduced with a WS2 /graphene heterostructure on polyimide (WGP) for the concurrent and selective determination of dopamine and serotonin. The WGP is fabricated directly via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at 150 °C on a flexible polyimide substrate. Owing to the limitations of existing fabrication methods from physical transfer or hydrothermal methods, many studies are not conducted despite excellent graphene-based heterostructures. The PECVD synthesis method can provide an innovative WS2 /graphene heterostructure of uniform quality and sufficient size (4 in.). This unique heterostructure affords excellent electrical conductivity in graphene and numerous electrochemically active sites in WS2 . A large number of uniform qualities of WGP electrodes show reproducible and highly sensitive electrochemical results. The synergistic effect enabled well-separated voltammetric signals for dopamine and serotonin with a potential gap of 188 mV. Moreover, the practical application of the flexible sensor is successfully evaluated by using artificial cerebrospinal fluid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-U Kim
- Department of Plasma Engineering, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, Korea
| | - Aneesh Koyappayil
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | - Hyunho Seok
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Korea
| | - Kubra Aydin
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Korea
| | - Changmin Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Korea
| | - Kyu-Young Park
- Graduate Institute of Ferrous and Energy Materials Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Jeon
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Seok Kang
- Department of Plasma Engineering, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | - Taesung Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Baluchová S, Brycht M, Taylor A, Mortet V, Krůšek J, Dittert I, Sedláková S, Klimša L, Kopeček J, Schwarzová-Pecková K. Enhancing electroanalytical performance of porous boron-doped diamond electrodes by increasing thickness for dopamine detection. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1182:338949. [PMID: 34602205 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Novel porous boron-doped diamond (BDDporous)-based materials have attracted lots of research interest due to their enhanced detection ability and biocompatibility, favouring them for use in neuroscience. This study reports on morphological, spectral, and electrochemical characterisation of three BDDporous electrodes of different thickness given by a number of deposited layers (2, 3 and 5). These were prepared using microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition on SiO2 nanofiber-based scaffolds. Further, the effect of number of layers and poly-l-lysine coating, commonly employed in neuron cultivation experiments, on sensing properties of the neurotransmitter dopamine in a pH 7.4 phosphate buffer media was investigated. The boron doping level of ∼2 × 1021 atoms cm-3 and increased content of non-diamond (sp2) carbon in electrodes with more layers was evaluated by Raman spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetric experiments revealed reduced working potential windows (from 2.4 V to 2.2 V), higher double-layer capacitance values (from 405 μF cm-2 to 1060 μF cm-2), enhanced rates of electron transfer kinetics and larger effective surface areas (from 5.04 mm2 to 7.72 mm2), when the number of porous layers increases. For dopamine, a significant boost in analytical performance was recognized with increasing number of layers using square-wave voltammetry: the highest sensitivity of 574.1 μA μmol-1 L was achieved on a BDDporous electrode with five layers and dropped to 35.9 μA μmol-1 L when the number of layers decreased to two. Consequently, the lowest detection limit of 0.20 μmol L-1 was obtained on a BDDporous electrode with five layers. Moreover, on porous electrodes, enhanced selectivity for dopamine detection in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid was demonstrated. The application of poly-l-lysine coating on porous electrode surface resulted in a decrease in dopamine peak currents by 17% and 60% for modification times of 1 h and 15 h, respectively. Hence, both examined parameters, the number of deposited porous layers and the presence of poly-l-lysine coating, were proved to considerably affect the characteristics and performance of BDDporous electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Baluchová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Albertov 6, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic; FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Mariola Brycht
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Tamka 12, 91-403, Łódź, Poland
| | - Andrew Taylor
- FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Vincent Mortet
- FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic; Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Sítná Sq. 3105, 272 01, Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krůšek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Dittert
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Sedláková
- FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Klimša
- FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Kopeček
- FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Schwarzová-Pecková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Albertov 6, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen B, Perry D, Teahan J, McPherson IJ, Edmondson J, Kang M, Valavanis D, Frenguelli BG, Unwin PR. Artificial Synapse: Spatiotemporal Heterogeneities in Dopamine Electrochemistry at a Carbon Fiber Ultramicroelectrode. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2021; 1:6-10. [PMID: 36785735 PMCID: PMC9836071 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
An artificial synapse is developed that mimics ultramicroelectrode (UME) amperometric detection of single cell exocytosis. It comprises the nanopipette of a scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM), which delivers rapid pulses of neurotransmitter (dopamine) locally and on demand at >1000 defined locations of a carbon fiber (CF) UME in each experiment. Analysis of the resulting UME current-space-time data reveals spatiotemporal heterogeneous electrode activity on the nanoscale and submillisecond time scale for dopamine electrooxidation at typical UME detection potentials. Through complementary surface charge mapping and finite element method (FEM) simulations, these previously unseen variations in electrochemical activity are related to heterogeneities in the surface chemistry of the CF UME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoping Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral
Training, and School of Life Sciences, University of
Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - David Perry
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral
Training, and School of Life Sciences, University of
Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - James Teahan
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral
Training, and School of Life Sciences, University of
Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. McPherson
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral
Training, and School of Life Sciences, University of
Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - James Edmondson
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral
Training, and School of Life Sciences, University of
Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Minkyung Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral
Training, and School of Life Sciences, University of
Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Valavanis
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral
Training, and School of Life Sciences, University of
Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno G. Frenguelli
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral
Training, and School of Life Sciences, University of
Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Analytical
Science Centre for Doctoral
Training, and School of Life Sciences, University of
Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Physicochemical and Electrochemical Characterization of Electropolymerized Polydopamine Films: Influence of the Deposition Process. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11081964. [PMID: 34443798 PMCID: PMC8400158 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Polydopamine (PDA) is a synthetic eumelanin polymer which is, to date, mostly obtained by dip coating processes. In this contribution, we evaluate the physical and electrochemical properties of electrochemically deposited PDA films obtained by cyclic voltammetry or pulsed deposition. The obtained PDA thin films are investigated with respect to their electrochemical properties, i.e., electron transfer (ET) kinetics and charge transfer resistance using scanning electrochemical microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and their nanomechanical properties, i.e., Young’s modulus and adhesion forces at varying experimental conditions, such as applied potential or pH value of the medium using atomic force microscopy. In particular, the ET behavior at different pH values has not to date been investigated in detail for electrodeposited PDA thin films, which is of particular interest for a multitude of applications. Adhesion forces strongly depend on applied potential and surrounding pH value. Moreover, force spectroscopic measurements reveal a significantly higher percentage of polymeric character compared to films obtained by dip coating. Additionally, distinct differences between the two depositions methods are observed, which indicate that the pulse deposition process leads to denser, more cross-linked films.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ahmadi A, Wu T. Towards full cell potential utilization during water purification using Co/Bi/TiO2 nanotube electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
29
|
Fangmeyer J, Behrens A, Gleede B, Waldvogel SR, Karst U. Mass-Spectrometric Imaging of Electrode Surfaces-a View on Electrochemical Side Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20428-20433. [PMID: 33448566 PMCID: PMC7693111 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical side reactions, often referred to as "electrode fouling", are known to be a major challenge in electro-organic synthesis and the functionality of modern batteries. Often, polymerization of one or more components is observed. When reaching their limit of solubility, those polymers tend to adsorb on the surface of the electrode, resulting in a passivation of the respective electrode area, which may impact electrochemical performance. Here, matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is presented as valuable imaging technique to visualize polymer deposition on electrode surfaces. Oligomer size distribution and its dependency on the contact time were imaged on a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode of an electrochemical flow-through cell. The approach allows to detect weak spots, where electrode fouling may take place and provides insight into the identity of side-product pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Fangmeyer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Arne Behrens
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Barbara Gleede
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang S, Guo P, Ma G, Wei J, Wang Z, Cui L, Sun L, Wang A. Three-dimensional hierarchical mesoporous carbon for regenerative electrochemical dopamine sensor. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
31
|
Fangmeyer J, Behrens A, Gleede B, Waldvogel SR, Karst U. Mass‐Spectrometric Imaging of Electrode Surfaces—a View on Electrochemical Side Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Fangmeyer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry University of Münster Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Arne Behrens
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry University of Münster Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Barbara Gleede
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry University of Münster Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Terrero Rodríguez IM, Borrill AJ, Schaffer KJ, Hernandez JB, O’Neil GD. Light-Addressable Electrochemical Sensing with Electrodeposited n-Silicon/Gold Nanoparticle Schottky Junctions. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11444-11452. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina M. Terrero Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, United States
| | - Alexandra J. Borrill
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Doctoral Training in Diamond Science and Technology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine J. Schaffer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, United States
| | - Jocelyn B. Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, United States
| | - Glen D. O’Neil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Peltola E, Aarva A, Sainio S, Heikkinen JJ, Wester N, Jokinen V, Koskinen J, Laurila T. Biofouling affects the redox kinetics of outer and inner sphere probes on carbon surfaces drastically differently - implications to biosensing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:16630-16640. [PMID: 32666973 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02251a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling imposes a significant threat for sensing probes used in vivo. Antifouling strategies commonly utilize a protective layer on top of the electrode but this may compromise performance of the electrode. Here, we investigated the effect of surface topography and chemistry on fouling without additional protective layers. We have utilized two different carbon materials; tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) and SU-8 based pyrolytic carbon (PyC) in their typical smooth thin film structure as well as with a nanopillar topography templated from black silicon. The near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectrum revealed striking differences in chemical functionalities of the surfaces. PyC contained equal amounts of ketone, hydroxyl and ether/epoxide groups, while ta-C contained significant amounts of carbonyl groups. Overall, oxygen functionalities were significantly increased on nanograss surfaces compared to the flat counterparts. Neither bovine serum albumin (BSA) or fetal bovine serum (FBS) fouling caused major effects on electron transfer kinetics of outer sphere redox (OSR) probe Ru(NH3)63+ on any of the materials. In contrast, negatively charged OSR probe IrCl62- kinetics were clearly affected by fouling, possibly due to the electrostatic repulsion between redox species and the anionically-charged proteins adsorbed on the electrode and/or stronger interaction of the proteins and positively charged surface. The OSR probe kinetics were less affected by fouling on PyC, probably due to conformational changes of proteins on the surface. Dopamine (DA) was tested as an inner sphere redox (ISR) probe and as expected, the kinetics were heavily dependent on the material; PyC had very fast electron transfer kinetics, while ta-C had sluggish kinetics. DA electron transfer kinetics were heavily affected on all surfaces by fouling (ΔEp increase 30-451%). The effect was stronger on PyC, possibly due to the more strongly adhered protein layer limiting the access of the probe to the inner sphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Peltola
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Si Y, Zhang AY, Liu C, Pei DN, Yu HQ. Stable Electrochemical Determination of Dopamine by a Fluorine-Terminated {001}-Exposed TiO 2 Single Crystal Sensor. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9629-9639. [PMID: 32605362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical oxidation is able to effectively regenerate the fouled electrode in electrochemical pollutant monitoring, while its regeneration capacity is limited by the surface-bound hydroxyl radical speciation with low activity and mobility, which is attributed to the dissociated water adsorption on hydrophilic metal oxides. In this work, fluorine-terminated {001}-exposed TiO2 single crystals (F-TiO2) are rationally designed to construct an Au-based electrochemical sensor (Au/F-TiO2) for dopamine (DA) detection in different matrices. The Au/F-TiO2 sensor exhibits an efficient and stable detection capacity in both environmental and biological samples. A superior photochemical regeneration capacity is obtained on the Au/F-TiO2 electrode with much reduced matrix effects under UV irradiation. Spectral observation, crystallographic analysis, pollutant degradation performance, radical inhibition, and surface enhanced Raman scattering tests reveal that both the fluorine-terminated surface chemical features and the bulk-free radical speciation are mainly responsible for the superior photochemical regeneration capacity of the Au/F-TiO2 electrode. Even for the real biological samples, a stable electrochemical DA detection is also achieved on the Au/F-TiO2 sensor. Our work establishes a new approach to refine electrochemical sensors for stable monitoring and provides a robust photoactive electrode substrate with high efficiency and low cost for practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Si
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Yong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.,Department of Municipal Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Ni Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ko M, Mendecki L, Eagleton AM, Durbin CG, Stolz RM, Meng Z, Mirica KA. Employing Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks for Voltammetric Detection of Neurochemicals. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11717-11733. [PMID: 32155057 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the first implementation of an array of two-dimensional (2D) layered conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as drop-casted film electrodes that facilitate voltammetric detection of redox active neurochemicals in a multianalyte solution. The device configuration comprises a glassy carbon electrode modified with a film of conductive MOF (M3HXTP2; M = Ni, Cu; and X = NH, 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene (HITP) or O, 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP)). The utility of 2D MOFs in voltammetric sensing is measured by the detection of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA), and serotonin (5-HT) in 0.1 M PBS (pH = 7.4). In particular, Ni3HHTP2 MOFs demonstrated nanomolar detection limits of 63 ± 11 nM for DA and 40 ± 17 nM for 5-HT through a wide concentration range (40 nM-200 μM). The applicability in biologically relevant detection was further demonstrated in simulated urine using Ni3HHTP2 MOFs for the detection of 5-HT with a nanomolar detection limit of 63 ± 11 nM for 5-HT through a wide concentration range (63 nM-200 μM) in the presence of a constant background of DA. The implementation of conductive MOFs in voltammetric detection holds promise for further development of highly modular, sensitive, selective, and stable electroanalytical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Lukasz Mendecki
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Aileen M Eagleton
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Claudia G Durbin
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Robert M Stolz
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Zheng Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Katherine A Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Daboss S, Lin J, Godejohann M, Kranz C. Redox Switchable Polydopamine-Modified AFM-SECM Probes: A Probe for Electrochemical Force Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8404-8413. [PMID: 32337984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Polydopamine (PDA) has high potential in biorelevant applications as a versatile thin film material, e.g., as adhesive coating for cell immobilization or for sensing applications due to the plethora of functional groups. In this study we present the modification of conductive colloidal atomic force-scanning electrochemical microscopy (AFM-SECM) probes with electrochemically deposited PDA resulting in functional probes for quantitative electrochemical adhesion studies. Surface functionality of PDA can be altered by oxidation or reduction of functional groups applying an appropriate potential to the PDA-modified AFM-SECM probe, thereby enabling adhesion measurements under potential control. This facilitates probing specific interactions of surface groups present in PDA with various surfaces of different wettabilities. The versatility of such switchable AFM-SECM probes is demonstrated for electrochemical force spectroscopic studies at model samples such as plasma-treated gold substrates, hydrophobic or hydrophilic self-assembled monolayers, and for adhesion measurements of bacteria in dependence of altered surface charges of the colloidal probe. The maximum obtained adhesion force of a positively polarized PDA-modified AFM-SECM probe was 6.2 ± 2.2 nN, and it was about 50% less (i.e., 2.6 ± 1.1 nN) for a negatively polarized probe at a hydrophilic OH-terminated gold surface. In situ control of the active surface groups enabled investigations on the influence of surface charges on adhesion. Furthermore, plateaus of constant force were observed, which are a characteristic of polymer structures. Finally, electrochemical force measurements with switchable probes were used for the first time during adhesion studies of bacterial cells (i.e., Pseudomonas fluorescens). Positively biased PDA-coated colloidal probes revealed adhesion forces of 6.0 ± 1.1 nN, whereas significantly reduced adhesion forces 1.1 ± 0.7 nN were observed for negatively biased PDA-modified colloidal probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Daboss
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jing Lin
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Godejohann
- MG Optical Solutions GmbH, Industriestraße 23, 86919 Utting am Ammersee, Germany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Moro G, Barich H, Driesen K, Felipe Montiel N, Neven L, Domingues Mendonça C, Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam S, Daems E, De Wael K. Unlocking the full power of electrochemical fingerprinting for on-site sensing applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5955-5968. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
38
|
Gupta J, Juneja S, Bhattacharya J. UV Lithography-Assisted Fabrication of Low-Cost Copper Electrodes Modified with Gold Nanostructures for Improved Analyte Detection. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3172-3180. [PMID: 32118133 PMCID: PMC7045309 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An in-house UV lithography setup has been optimized to fabricate low-cost disposable electrochemical sensing Cu electrodes using a copper clad board. In view of the high oxidation probability of copper, the low-cost electrodes were modified using different gold nanostructures and a conducing polymer PEDOT:PSS to attain maximal signal output and improved shelf-life. Zero-dimensional (0D) gold nanoparticles (∼40 nm) and three-dimensional (3D) gold nanoflowers (∼38 nm) mixed with PEDOT:PSS were used as signal-enhancing conductors for the ultrasensitive detection of our model contaminant, methylene blue dye (MB). The bare copper electrode was sensitive to MB, linearly within the range of 4-100 μM, with a limit of detection of 3.49 μM. While for gold nanoparticle-PEDOT:PSS-modified electrode, the sensitivity of the electrode was found to increase linearly in the range of 0.01-0.1 μM, and for gold nanoflowers-PEDOT:PSS, the sensitivity achieved was 0.01-0.1 μM with the LOD as 0.0022 μM. For a PEDOT:PSS-modified Cu electrode, used as a comparative to study the contributing role of gold nanostructures towards improved sensitivity, the linearity was found to be in the range of 0.1-1.9 μM with the LOD as 0.0228 μM. A 6 times improvement in signal sensitivity for the nanoflower-PEDOT:PSS electrode compared to the nanoparticle-PEDOT:PSS-modified electrode indicates the influence of nanoparticle shape on the electrode efficiency. 3D gold nanoflowers with a large surface area-to-volume ratio and a high catalytic activity prove to be a superior choice for electrode modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagriti Gupta
- Nanobiotechnology Lab, School
of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Subhavna Juneja
- Nanobiotechnology Lab, School
of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jaydeep Bhattacharya
- Nanobiotechnology Lab, School
of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) is a versatile electrochemical technique to probe neurochemical dynamics in vivo. Progress in FSCV methodology continues to address analytical challenges arising from biological needs to measure low concentrations of neurotransmitters at specific sites. This review summarizes recent advances in FSCV method development in three areas: (1) waveform optimization, (2) electrode development, and (3) data analysis. First, FSCV waveform parameters such as holding potential, switching potential, and scan rate have been optimized to monitor new neurochemicals. The new waveform shapes introduce better selectivity toward specific molecules such as serotonin, histamine, hydrogen peroxide, octopamine, adenosine, guanosine, and neuropeptides. Second, CFMEs have been modified with nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes or replaced with conducting polymers to enhance sensitivity, selectivity, and antifouling properties. Different geometries can be obtained by 3D-printing, manufacturing arrays, or fabricating carbon nanopipettes. Third, data analysis is important to sort through the thousands of CVs obtained. Recent developments in data analysis include preprocessing by digital filtering, principal components analysis for distinguishing analytes, and developing automated algorithms to detect peaks. Future challenges include multisite measurements, machine learning, and integration with other techniques. Advances in FSCV will accelerate research in neurochemistry to answer new biological questions about dynamics of signaling in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pumidech Puthongkham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mesoporous chitosan based conformable and resorbable biostrip for dopamine detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 147:111781. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
41
|
Baluchová S, Taylor A, Mortet V, Sedláková S, Klimša L, Kopeček J, Hák O, Schwarzová-Pecková K. Porous boron doped diamond for dopamine sensing: Effect of boron doping level on morphology and electrochemical performance. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
42
|
Graphite paste electrodes modified with a sulfo-functionalized metal-organic framework (type MIL-101) for voltammetric sensing of dopamine. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:762. [PMID: 31712906 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3943-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The metal-organic frameworks MIL-101 and sulfo-MIL-101 were used to modify graphite paste electrodes (GPEs) to obtain sensors for determination of dopamine (DA). Taking advantage of the catalytic activity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and of the electrical conductivity of graphite, the modified GPEs show enhanced voltammetric responses, and the GPE modified with the sulfo-MOF displays superior sensitivity when operated at a working potential of -0.4 to 0.8 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The sensor works in the 0.07 to100 μM DA concentration range and has a 43 nM detection limit. It is concluded that the sulfo group provides open sites for efficient electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions, which facilitates electron transfer. Graphical abstractSchematic representation of the structure of the sulfo-functionalized MOF (sulfo-MIL-101) and the different voltammetric signals of dopamine at the graphite paste electrodes (GPEs) modified with sulfo-MIL-101 and the parent MOF (MIL-101).
Collapse
|
43
|
Puthongkham P, Venton BJ. Nanodiamond Coating Improves the Sensitivity and Antifouling Properties of Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2403-2411. [PMID: 31387349 PMCID: PMC6776076 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are carbon nanomaterials with a core diamond crystalline structure and crystal defects, such as graphitic carbon and heteroatoms, on their surface. For electrochemistry, NDs are promising to increase active sites and decrease fouling, but NDs have not been studied for neurotransmitter electrochemistry. Here, we optimized ND coatings on microelectrodes and found that ND increases the sensitivity for neurotransmitters with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry detection and decreases electrochemical and biofouling. Different sizes and functionalizations of NDs were tested, and ND suspensions were drop-casted onto carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs). The 5 nm ND-H and 5 nm ND-COOH formed thick coatings, while the 15 and 60 nm ND-COOH formed more sparse coatings. With electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, 5 nm ND-H and 5 nm ND-COOH had high charge-transfer resistance, while 15 and 60 nm ND-COOH had low charge-transfer resistance. ND-COOH (15 nm) was optimal, with the best electrocatalytic properties and current for dopamine. Sensitivity was enhanced 2.1 ± 0.2 times and the limit of detection for dopamine improved to 3 ± 1 nM. ND coating increased current for other cations such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, but not for the anion ascorbic acid. Moreover, NDs decreased electrochemical fouling from serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and they also decreased biofouling in brain slice tissue by 50%. The current at biofouled ND-coated electrodes is similar to the signal of pristine, unfouled CFMEs. The carboxylated ND-modified CFMEs are beneficial for neurotransmitter detection because of easy fabrication, improved limit of detection, and antifouling properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pumidech Puthongkham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Klunder KJ, Clark KM, McCord C, Berg KE, Minteer SD, Henry CS. Polycaprolactone-enabled sealing and carbon composite electrode integration into electrochemical microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2589-2597. [PMID: 31250868 PMCID: PMC6801002 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00417c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Combining electrochemistry with microfluidics is attractive for a wide array of applications including multiplexing, automation, and high-throughput screening. Electrochemical instrumentation also has the advantage of being low-cost and can enable high analyte sensitivity. For many electrochemical microfluidic applications, carbon electrodes are more desirable than noble metals because they are resistant to fouling, have high activity, and large electrochemical solvent windows. At present, fabrication of electrochemical microfluidic devices bearing integrated carbon electrodes remains a challenge. Here, a new system for integrating polycaprolactone (PCL) and carbon composite electrodes into microfluidics is presented. The PCL : carbon composites have excellent electrochemical activity towards a wide range of analytes as well as high electrical conductivity (∼1000 S m-1). The new system utilizes a laser cutter for fast, simple fabrication of microfluidics using PCL as a bonding layer. As a proof-of-concept application, oil-in-water and water-in-oil droplets are electrochemically analysed. Small-scale electrochemical organic synthesis for TEMPO mediated alcohol oxidation is also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Klunder
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kaylee M Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Cynthia McCord
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Kathleen E Berg
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Heikkinen JJ, Peltola E, Wester N, Koskinen J, Laurila T, Franssila S, Jokinen V. Fabrication of Micro- and Nanopillars from Pyrolytic Carbon and Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E510. [PMID: 31370267 PMCID: PMC6723446 DOI: 10.3390/mi10080510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pattern formation of pyrolyzed carbon (PyC) and tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) thin films were investigated at micro- and nanoscale. Micro- and nanopillars were fabricated from both materials, and their biocompatibility was studied with cell viability tests. Carbon materials are known to be very challenging to pattern. Here we demonstrate two approaches to create biocompatible carbon features. The microtopographies were 2 μ m or 20 μ m pillars (1:1 aspect ratio) with three different pillar layouts (square-grid, hexa-grid, or random-grid orientation). The nanoscale topography consisted of random nanopillars fabricated by maskless anisotropic etching. The PyC structures were fabricated with photolithography and embossing techniques in SU-8 photopolymer which was pyrolyzed in an inert atmosphere. The ta-C is a thin film coating, and the structures for it were fabricated on silicon substrates. Despite different fabrication methods, both materials were formed into comparable micro- and nanostructures. Mouse neural stem cells were cultured on the samples (without any coatings) and their viability was evaluated with colorimetric viability assay. All samples expressed good biocompatibility, but the topography has only a minor effect on viability. Two μ m pillars in ta-C shows increased cell count and aggregation compared to planar ta-C reference sample. The presented materials and fabrication techniques are well suited for applications that require carbon chemistry and benefit from large surface area and topography, such as electrophysiological and -chemical sensors for in vivo and in vitro measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joonas J Heikkinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Emilia Peltola
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Niklas Wester
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jari Koskinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tomi Laurila
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Sami Franssila
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ville Jokinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Si Y, Zhang AY, Liu C, Pei DN, Yu HQ. Photo-assisted electrochemical detection of bisphenol A in water samples by renewable {001}-exposed TiO 2 single crystals. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 157:30-39. [PMID: 30952006 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a semi-persistent environmental endocrine disrupter and widely present in aqueous environments. Electrochemical detection is an effective method to monitor pollutants like BPA in aqueous environments. However, the electrode fouling from anodic polymeric products is one main barrier of electrochemical sensors for their practical applications. In this work, a renewable electrochemical sensor was rationally designed, constructed and tested for efficient BPA detection. The TiO2 anodic material was surface-engineered by inorganic-framework molecular imprinting sites with tailored morphological shape, exposed facet and crystal structure. This electrode could be activated mainly as an electrochemical catalyst and partially as a photochemical catalyst. The developed TiO2-based sensor exhibited a good detection reliability and cyclic stability for determining BPA in water samples, with an electrochemical signal decrease of less than 5.0% in 10-run cyclic tests. By virtue of the bi-functional properties of the tailored TiO2 anodic material, a unique photo-assisted electrochemical sensor was further developed, in which analyte digestion and analytical signal originated mainly from anodic conversion. Such a synergistic digesting mechanism distinguishes it from the reported electro-assisted photochemical TiO2 sensors. Our work provides a robust sensor for monitoring pollutants in aqueous environments and a new opportunity to develop renewable electrode materials with good reusability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Si
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ai-Yong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Dan-Ni Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lin J, Daboss S, Blaimer D, Kranz C. Micro-Structured Polydopamine Films via Pulsed Electrochemical Deposition. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E242. [PMID: 30754722 PMCID: PMC6409672 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polydopamine (PDA) films are interesting as smart functional materials, and their controlled structured formation plays a significant role in a wide range of applications ranging from cell adhesion to sensing and catalysis. A pulsed deposition technique is reported for micro-structuring polydopamine films using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in direct mode. Thereby, precise and reproducible film thicknesses of the deposited spots could be achieved ranging from 5.9 +/- 0.48 nm (1 pulse cycle) to 75.4 nm +/- 2.5 nm for 90 pulse cycles. The obtained morphology is different in comparison to films deposited via cyclic voltammetry or films formed by autooxidation showing a cracked blister-like structure for high pulse cycle numbers. The obtained polydopamine spots were investigated in respect to their electrochemical properties using SECM approach curves. Quantitative kinetic data in dependence of the film thickness, the substrate potential, and the used redox species were obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Sven Daboss
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Dominik Blaimer
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mynttinen E, Wester N, Lilius T, Kalso E, Koskinen J, Laurila T. Simultaneous electrochemical detection of tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol with Nafion-coated tetrahedral amorphous carbon electrode. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
49
|
Bala K, Sharma D, Gupta N. Carbon-Nanotube-Based Materials for Electrochemical Sensing of the Neurotransmitter Dopamine. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Bala
- Department: Chemistry; Institution: Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University Fatehgarh Sahib; 140407 Punjab India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Department: Chemistry; Institution: Shoolini University, Solan; Post Box No.9, Head Post Office Solan-173229 H.P. India
| | - Neeraj Gupta
- Department: Chemistry; Institution: Shoolini University, Solan; Post Box No.9, Head Post Office Solan-173229 H.P. India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Highly Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine using Hybrid Bilayer Membranes. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|