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Hurst RD, Stewart CL. Hazards of surgical smoke from electrocautery: A critical review of the data. Am J Surg 2024; 233:29-36. [PMID: 38365552 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Concerns have been voiced regarding the possibility of health risks to the operating room personnel from exposure to surgical smoke generated from electrocautery. METHODS Ovid Medline was queried using search terms "surgical smoke", "electrosurgery," "smoke evacuator". The NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluations Database was searched using terms, "hospital", "operating room", "Ames", "mutagen", and "salmonella". RESULTS Levels of pollutants in the breathable airspace within the operating room have been repeatedly shown to be very low. Absolute counts of particulate matter in the operating room are low when compared to other environments. The possibility for virus transmission with electrocautery in the operating room is unknown. CONCLUSIONS The risks related to the exposure to electrocautery surgical smoke have been overstated. Rigid mandates requiring smoke evacuators in all situations are not justified at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger D Hurst
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Camille L Stewart
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Aurora, CO, USA
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Nalakurthi NVSR, Abimbola I, Ahmed T, Anton I, Riaz K, Ibrahim Q, Banerjee A, Tiwari A, Gharbia S. Challenges and Opportunities in Calibrating Low-Cost Environmental Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3650. [PMID: 38894441 PMCID: PMC11175279 DOI: 10.3390/s24113650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The use of low-cost environmental sensors has gained significant attention due to their affordability and potential to intensify environmental monitoring networks. These sensors enable real-time monitoring of various environmental parameters, which can help identify pollution hotspots and inform targeted mitigation strategies. Low-cost sensors also facilitate citizen science projects, providing more localized and granular data, and making environmental monitoring more accessible to communities. However, the accuracy and reliability of data generated by these sensors can be a concern, particularly without proper calibration. Calibration is challenging for low-cost sensors due to the variability in sensing materials, transducer designs, and environmental conditions. Therefore, standardized calibration protocols are necessary to ensure the accuracy and reliability of low-cost sensor data. This review article addresses four critical questions related to the calibration and accuracy of low-cost sensors. Firstly, it discusses why low-cost sensors are increasingly being used as an alternative to high-cost sensors. In addition, it discusses self-calibration techniques and how they outperform traditional techniques. Secondly, the review highlights the importance of selectivity and sensitivity of low-cost sensors in generating accurate data. Thirdly, it examines the impact of calibration functions on improved accuracies. Lastly, the review discusses various approaches that can be adopted to improve the accuracy of low-cost sensors, such as incorporating advanced data analysis techniques and enhancing the sensing material and transducer design. The use of reference-grade sensors for calibration and validation can also help improve the accuracy and reliability of low-cost sensor data. In conclusion, low-cost environmental sensors have the potential to revolutionize environmental monitoring, particularly in areas where traditional monitoring methods are not feasible. However, the accuracy and reliability of data generated by these sensors are critical for their successful implementation. Therefore, standardized calibration protocols and innovative approaches to enhance the sensing material and transducer design are necessary to ensure the accuracy and reliability of low-cost sensor data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Salem Gharbia
- Smart Earth Innovation Hub (Earth-Hub), Atlantic Technological University, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland; (N.V.S.R.N.); (I.A.); (T.A.); (I.A.); (K.R.); (Q.I.); (A.B.); (A.T.)
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3
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Chen C, Zhao B. Indoor Emissions Contributed the Majority of Ultrafine Particles in Chinese Urban Residences. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:8444-8456. [PMID: 38662989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Ultrafine particle (UFP) pollution should be controlled to reduce its effects on health. The design of control measures is limited owing to the uncertainty of source contributions in Chinese residences, where indoor UFP pollution is more severe than in Western residences. Herein, a source-specific, time-dependent UFP concentration model was developed by applying an infiltration factor model incorporating coagulation effects. A Monte Carlo framework with the UFP concentration model was employed to estimate the probabilistic distribution of source contributions in Chinese residences. The input parameter distributions were determined based on our survey and previous studies. The annually averaged indoor UFP concentration was estimated at (2.75 ± 1.71) × 104 #/cm3, ranging from 2.35 × 103 to 1.27 × 105 #/cm3 outside the kitchen, and at (5.48 ± 3.08) × 104 #/cm3, ranging from 2.90 × 103 to 1.94 × 105 #/cm3 in the kitchen. Indoor sources contributed more to indoor UFPs, accounting for 61% in the nonkitchen and 80% in the kitchen, surpassing their contribution to indoor PM2.5 in Chinese residences. Meanwhile, the indoor UFP emission contributions were higher than those in the United States, Canada, and Germany, owing to higher emissions from cooking and cigarette smoking. These results will aid in elucidating human exposure to UFPs and in designing more targeted control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Low-Carbon Building Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Digital Simulations for Coastal Civil Engineering, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Song Y, Chen N, Jiang Q, Mukhopadhyay T, Wondmagegn W, Klausen RS, Katz HE. Selective Detection of Functionalized Carbon Particles based on Polymer Semiconducting and Conducting Devices as Potential Particulate Matter Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310527. [PMID: 38050933 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a new mechanism for particulate matter detection and identification. Three types of carbon particles are synthesized with different functional groups to mimic the real particulates in atmospheric aerosol. After exposing polymer-based organic devices in organic field effect transistor (OFET) architectures to the particle mist, the sensitivity and selectivity of the detection of different types of particles are shown by the current changes extracted from the transfer curves. The results indicate that the sensitivity of the devices is related to the structure and functional groups of the organic semiconducting layers, as well as the morphology. The predominant response is simulated by a model that yielded values of charge carrier density increase and charge carriers delivered per unit mass of particles. The research points out that polymer semiconductor devices have the ability to selectively detect particles with multiple functional groups, which reveals a future direction for selective detection of particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjia Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 206 Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 206 Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Qifeng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Tushita Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 206 Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Wudyalew Wondmagegn
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA
| | - Rebekka S Klausen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Howard E Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 206 Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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5
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Meraz-Cruz N, Manzano-León N, Sandoval-Colin DE, García de León Méndez MDC, Quintana-Belmares R, Tapia LS, Osornio-Vargas AR, Buxton MA, O'Neill MS, Vadillo-Ortega F. Effects of PM 10 Airborne Particles from Different Regions of a Megacity on In Vitro Secretion of Cytokines by a Monocyte Line during Different Seasons. TOXICS 2024; 12:149. [PMID: 38393244 PMCID: PMC10892217 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that particulate matter (PM) in air pollution can be involved in the genesis or aggravation of different cardiovascular, respiratory, perinatal, and cancer diseases. This study assessed the in vitro effects of PM10 on the secretion of cytokines by a human monocytic cell line (THP-1). We compared the chemotactic, pro-inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory cytokines induced by PM10 collected for two years during three different seasons in five different Mexico City locations. MIP-1α, IP-10, MCP-1, TNF-α, and VEGF were the main secretion products after stimulation with 80 μg/mL of PM10 for 24 h. The THP-1 cells showed a differential response to PM10 obtained in the different sites of Mexico City. The PM10 from the north and the central city areas induced a higher pro-inflammatory cytokine response than those from the south. Seasonal pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion always exceeded anti-inflammatory secretion. The rainy-season-derived particles caused the lowest pro-inflammatory effects. We concluded that toxicological assessment of airborne particles provides evidence supporting their potential role in the chronic exacerbation of local or systemic inflammatory responses that may worsen the evolution of some chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Meraz-Cruz
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Natalia Manzano-León
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Daniel Eduardo Sandoval-Colin
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | | | - Raúl Quintana-Belmares
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Laura Sevilla Tapia
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Alvaro R Osornio-Vargas
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Miatta A Buxton
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marie S O'Neill
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Godja NC, Munteanu FD. Hybrid Nanomaterials: A Brief Overview of Versatile Solutions for Sensor Technology in Healthcare and Environmental Applications. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:67. [PMID: 38391986 PMCID: PMC10887000 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The integration of nanomaterials into sensor technologies not only poses challenges but also opens up promising prospects for future research. These challenges include assessing the toxicity of nanomaterials, scalability issues, and the seamless integration of these materials into existing infrastructures. Future development opportunities lie in creating multifunctional nanocomposites and environmentally friendly nanomaterials. Crucial to this process is collaboration between universities, industry, and regulatory authorities to establish standardization in this evolving field. Our perspective favours using screen-printed sensors that employ nanocomposites with high electrochemical conductivity. This approach not only offers cost-effective production methods but also allows for customizable designs. Furthermore, incorporating hybrids based on carbon-based nanomaterials and functionalized Mxene significantly enhances sensor performance. These high electrochemical conductivity sensors are portable, rapid, and well-suited for on-site environmental monitoring, seamlessly aligning with Internet of Things (IoT) platforms for developing intelligent systems. Simultaneously, advances in electrochemical sensor technology are actively working to elevate sensitivity through integrating nanotechnology, miniaturization, and innovative electrode designs. This comprehensive approach aims to unlock the full potential of sensor technologies, catering to diverse applications ranging from healthcare to environmental monitoring. This review aims to summarise the latest trends in using hybrid nanomaterial-based sensors, explicitly focusing on their application in detecting environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florentina-Daniela Munteanu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 2–4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania;
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Gavito-Covarrubias D, Ramírez-Díaz I, Guzmán-Linares J, Limón ID, Manuel-Sánchez DM, Molina-Herrera A, Coral-García MÁ, Anastasio E, Anaya-Hernández A, López-Salazar P, Juárez-Díaz G, Martínez-Juárez J, Torres-Jácome J, Albarado-Ibáñez A, Martínez-Laguna Y, Morán C, Rubio K. Epigenetic mechanisms of particulate matter exposure: air pollution and hazards on human health. Front Genet 2024; 14:1306600. [PMID: 38299096 PMCID: PMC10829887 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1306600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution nowadays has not only a direct correlation with human health changes but a direct social impact. Epidemiological studies have evidenced the increased damage to human health on a daily basis because of damage to the ecological niche. Rapid urban growth and industrialized societies importantly compromise air quality, which can be assessed by a notable accumulation of air pollutants in both the gas and the particle phases. Of them, particulate matter (PM) represents a highly complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds of the most variable size, composition, and origin. PM being one of the most complex environmental pollutants, its accumulation also varies in a temporal and spatial manner, which challenges current analytical techniques used to investigate PM interactions. Nevertheless, the characterization of the chemical composition of PM is a reliable indicator of the composition of the atmosphere, the quality of breathed air in urbanized societies, industrial zones and consequently gives support for pertinent measures to avoid serious health damage. Epigenomic damage is one of the most promising biological mechanisms of air pollution-derived carcinogenesis. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the implication of PM exposure in diverse molecular mechanisms driving human diseases by altered epigenetic regulation. The presented findings in the context of pan-organic cancer, fibrosis, neurodegeneration and metabolic diseases may provide valuable insights into the toxicity effects of PM components at the epigenomic level and may serve as biomarkers of early detection for novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulcemaría Gavito-Covarrubias
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ivonne Ramírez-Díaz
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Josué Guzmán-Linares
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ilhuicamina Daniel Limón
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Dulce María Manuel-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Molina-Herrera
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Coral-García
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Estela Anastasio
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Arely Anaya-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Primavera López-Salazar
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores (CIDS), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Juárez-Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores (CIDS), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Javier Martínez-Juárez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores (CIDS), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Julián Torres-Jácome
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alondra Albarado-Ibáñez
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ygnacio Martínez-Laguna
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Carolina Morán
- Centro de Investigación en Fisicoquímica de Materiales, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Karla Rubio
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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Sousan S, Mooring R, Fresquez S, Park YM, Coombs V, Bertges N, Thomas L, Gold E, Gogineni A, Tiet A, Pender J, Soule EK. Use of real-time monitors to evaluate the potential exposure of secondhand electronic cigarette particulate matter inside vehicles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122480. [PMID: 37657722 PMCID: PMC10591990 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarette (ECIG) use continues to be highly prevalent, especially among youth and young adults. Potential exposure from secondhand ECIG particulate matter (PM) places bystanders in danger of inhaling harmful substances, especially in confined spaces. This study was conducted to measure the potential exposure from secondhand ECIG PM exposure in vehicles, with participants completing a 30-min ECIG use session in their own vehicle with their preferred ECIG device. Sessions included a 5-min, 10-puff directed bout (30-s interpuff interval), followed by a 25-min ad libitum bout in which participants could take as many puffs as desired. Real-time PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 (the 50% efficiency mass cut-off of that passes through a size-selective inlet at 1 μm, 2.5 μm, and 10 μm aerodynamic diameters, respectively) measurements were captured during the sessions using portable PM monitors (MiniWRAS, pDR, SidePak, and GeoAir2 low-cost monitors). A total of 56 participants with valid measurements were included in the study, with a total of 13 unique ECIG device brands, including Vuse Alto, Box Air Bar, ElfBar, Esco Bar, Aegis Legend, Hyde Edge, JUUL, Kang Onee Stick, Kang Onee Stick Plus, Nord X, Nord 2, Nord 3, and Vaporesso. During the 5-min directed bout, the highest real-time PM2.5 mean concentrations were 175 μg/m3 for the MiniWRAS, 1050 μg/m3 for pDR and 3314 μg/m3 for SidePak. The filter measurements were not detectable in most experiments, except for two participants, with one taking 205 puffs and the other taking 285 puffs, approximately 10 times the mean (30) puffs of all participants. The evaluation of GeoAir2 with the MiniWRAS showed a wide range of Pearson correlation coefficient (r) values, ranging from -0.03 to 1.00, for the 13 ECIG brands. The mass median diameter (0.31 μm-3.42 μm) and geometric standard deviation (2.47-8.21) were different based on the participants for the same ECIG brand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Sousan
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA; North Carolina Agromedicine Institute, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.
| | - Ronald Mooring
- Department of Chemistry, Thomas Harriot College of Arts & Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Sarah Fresquez
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Yoo Min Park
- Department of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Vivien Coombs
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Nicole Bertges
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Luke Thomas
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Emily Gold
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Anish Gogineni
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Alex Tiet
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Jack Pender
- Department of Chemistry, Thomas Harriot College of Arts & Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Eric K Soule
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA; Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 27858, USA
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9
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Cho CI, Chen JJ, Chuang KJ, Chuang HC, Wang IJ, Chang TY. Associations of particulate matter, gaseous pollutants, and road traffic noise with the prevalence of asthma in children. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139523. [PMID: 37459931 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to elucidate the associations between exposure to particulate matter, gaseous pollutants, and road traffic noise and asthma prevalence and to determine the interaction between exposure to multiple pollutants and asthma in children. A total of 3,246 children were recruited from 11 kindergartens in New Taipei City, Taiwan. Land use regression (LUR) was used to establish predictive models for estimating individual exposure levels of particulate matter, gaseous pollutants, and the 24 h A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level (LAeq,24). Multiple logistic regression was performed to test the associations between exposure to these environmental factors and asthma prevalence in children. Multiple-exposure models revealed that an interquartile-range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 (1.17 μg/m3) and PM10 (10.69 μg/m3) caused a 1.34-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05-1.70) and 1.17-fold (95% CI = 1.01-1.36) increase in risk of asthma prevalence in children after adjusting for LAeq,24 and NO2. Co-exposure to PM2.5, LAeq,24, and O3, SO2, or CO, as well as co-exposure to PM10, LAeq,24, and CO produced similar findings. Only exposure to one IQR of SO2 (0.15 ppb) was observed a significant association (odds ratio = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.00-1.34) with the asthma prevalence in children after adjusting for PM10 and LAeq,24. Exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 may be associated with a higher asthma prevalence in children, while other gaseous pollutants and road traffic noise did not demonstrate significant associations. The interaction of exposure to air pollutants and road traffic noise on asthma prevalence in children was not observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-I Cho
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jie Chen
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Chuang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Jen Wang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Baker M, Gollier F, Melzer JE, McLeod E. Lensfree Air-Quality Monitoring of Fine and Ultrafine Particulate Matter Using Vapor-Condensed Nanolenses. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:11166-11174. [PMID: 37744874 PMCID: PMC10516119 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Current commercial air-quality monitoring devices lack a large dynamic range, especially at the small, ultrafine size scale. Furthermore, there is a low density of air-quality monitoring stations, reducing the precision with which local particulate matter hazards can be tracked. Here, we show a low-cost, lensfree, and portable air-quality monitoring device (LPAQD) that can detect and measure micron-sized particles down to 100 nm-sized particles, with the capability to track and measure particles in real time throughout a day and the ability to accurately measure particulate matter densities as low as 3 μg m-3. A vapor-condensed film is deposited onto the coverslip used to collect particles before the LPAQD is deployed at outdoor monitoring sites. The vapor-condensed film increases the scattering cross section of particles smaller than the pixel size, enabling the sub-pixel and sub-diffraction-limit-sized particles to be detected. The high dynamic range, low cost, and portability of this device can enable citizens to monitor their own air quality to hopefully impact user decisions that reduce the risk for particulate matter-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Baker
- University of Arizona, Wyant College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Florian Gollier
- University of Arizona, Wyant College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jeffrey E. Melzer
- University of Arizona, Wyant College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Euan McLeod
- University of Arizona, Wyant College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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11
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Dhoj C, Garcia A, Manasyan A, Benavides M, Abou Abbas D, Toscano C, Porter E, Wang Y. Scanning ion conductance microscopy reveals differential effect of PM 2.5 exposure on A549 lung epithelial and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell membranes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:4557-4567. [PMID: 37069445 PMCID: PMC10628941 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have linked a wide range of diseases including respiratory illnesses to harmful particulate matter (PM) emissions indoors and outdoors, such as incense PM and industrial PM. Because of their ability to penetrate the lower respiratory tract and the circulatory system, fine particles with diameters of 2.5 µm or less (PM2.5) are believed to be more hazardous than larger PMs. Despite the enormous number of studies focusing on the intracellular processes associated with PM2.5 exposure, there have been limited reports studying the biophysical properties of cell membranes, such as nanoscale morphological changes induced by PM2.5. Our study assesses the membrane topographical and structural effects of PM2.5 from incense PM2.5 exposure in real time on A549 lung carcinoma epithelial cells and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells that had been fixed to preclude adaptive cell responses. The size distribution and mechanical properties of the PM2.5 sample were characterized with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Nanoscale morphological monitoring of the cell membranes utilizing scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) indicated statistically significant increasing membrane roughness at A549 cells at half an hour of exposure and visible damage at 4 h of exposure. In contrast, no significant increase in roughness was observed on SH-SY5Y cells after half an hour of PM2.5 exposure, although continued exposure to PM2.5 for up to 4 h affected an expansion of lesions already present before exposure commenced. These findings suggest that A549 cell membranes are more susceptible to structural damage by PM2.5 compared to SH-SY5Y cell membranes, corroborating more enhanced susceptibility of airway epithelial cells to exposure to PM2.5 than neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dhoj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Adaly Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Artur Manasyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Miriam Benavides
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Dana Abou Abbas
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Cindy Toscano
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Edith Porter
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Yixian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
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12
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Zhao X, Xu H, Li Y, Liu Y, Guo C, Li Y. Status and frontier analysis of indoor PM 2.5-related health effects: a bibliometric analysis. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 0:reveh-2022-0228. [PMID: 36976918 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicate atmospheric particulate matter, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5), has many negative effects on human health. Of note, people spend about 90% of their time indoors. More importantly, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) statistics, indoor air pollution causes nearly 1.6 million deaths each year, and it is considered as one of the major health risk factors. In order to obtain a deeper understanding of the harmful effects of indoor PM2.5 on human health, we used bibliometric software to summarize articles in this field. In conclusion, since 2000, the annual publication volume has increased year by year. America topped the list for the number of articles, and Professor Petros Koutrakis and Harvard University were the author and institution with the most published in this research area, respectively. Over the past decade, scholars gradually paid attention to molecular mechanisms, therefore, the toxicity can be better explored. Particularly, apart from timely intervention and treatment for adverse consequences, it is necessary to effectively reduce indoor PM2.5 through technologies. In addition, the trend and keywords analysis are favorable ways to find out future research hotspots. Hopefully, various countries and regions strengthen academic cooperation and integration of multi-disciplinary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hailin Xu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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13
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Molina Rueda E, Carter E, L’Orange C, Quinn C, Volckens J. Size-Resolved Field Performance of Low-Cost Sensors for Particulate Matter Air Pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2023; 10:247-253. [PMID: 36938150 PMCID: PMC10018765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is a major health hazard. The health effects of PM are closely linked to particle size, which governs its deposition in (and penetration through) the respiratory tract. In recent years, low-cost sensors that report particle concentrations for multiple-sized fractions (PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10) have proliferated in everyday use and scientific research. However, knowledge of how well these sensors perform across the full range of reported particle size fractions is limited. Unfortunately, erroneous particle size data can lead to spurious conclusions about exposure, misguided interventions, and ineffectual policy decisions. We assessed the linearity, bias, and precision of three low-cost sensor models, as a function of PM size fraction, in an urban setting. Contrary to manufacturers' claims, sensors are only accurate for the smallest size fraction (PM1). The PM1.0-2.5 and PM2.5-10 size fractions had large bias, noise, and uncertainty. These results demonstrate that low-cost aerosol sensors (1) cannot discriminate particle size accurately and (2) only report linear and precise measures of aerosol concentration in the accumulation mode size range (i.e., between 0.1 and 1 μm). We recommend that crowdsourced air quality monitoring networks stop reporting coarse (PM2.5-10) mode and PM10 mass concentrations from these sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Molina Rueda
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Ellison Carter
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Christian L’Orange
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Casey Quinn
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - John Volckens
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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14
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Olesiejuk K, Chałubiński M. How does particulate air pollution affect barrier functions and inflammatory activity of lung vascular endothelium? Allergy 2023; 78:629-638. [PMID: 36588285 DOI: 10.1111/all.15630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Both particulate matter and gaseous components of air pollution have already been shown to increase cardiovascular mortality in numerous studies. It is, however, important to note that on their way to the bloodstream the polluting agents pass the lung barrier. Inside the alveoli, particles of approximately 0.4-1 μm are most efficiently deposited and commonly undergo phagocytosis by lung macrophages. Not only the soluble agents, but also particles fine enough to leave the alveoli enter the bloodstream in this finite part of the endothelium, reaching thus higher concentrations in close proximity of the alveoli and endothelium. Additionally, deposits of particulate matter linger in direct proximity of the endothelial cells and may induce inflammation, immune responses, and influence endothelial barrier dysfunction thus increasing PM bioavailability in positive feedback. The presented discussion provides an overview of possible components of indoor PM and how endothelium is thus influenced, with emphasis on lung vascular endothelium and clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Olesiejuk
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Chair of Pulmonology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Chałubiński
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Chair of Pulmonology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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15
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Sheehan MJ, Vosburgh DJH, O'Shaughnessy PT, Park JH, Sotelo C. Direct-reading instruments for aerosols: A review for occupational health and safety professionals part 2: Applications. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2022; 19:706-729. [PMID: 36197433 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2022.2132256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Direct reading instruments (DRIs) for aerosols have been used in industrial hygiene practice for many years, but their potential has not been fully realized by many occupational health and safety professionals. Although some DRIs quantify other metrics, this article will primarily focus on DRIs that measure aerosol number, size, or mass. This review addresses three applications of aerosol DRIs that occupational health and safety professionals can use to discern, characterize, and document exposure conditions and resolve aerosol-related problems in the workplace. The most common application of aerosol DRIs is the evaluation of engineering controls. Examples are provided for many types of workplaces and situations including construction, agriculture, mining, conventional manufacturing, advanced manufacturing (nanoparticle technology and additive manufacturing), and non-industrial sites. Aerosol DRIs can help identify the effectiveness of existing controls and, as needed, develop new strategies to reduce potential aerosol exposures. Aerosol concentration mapping (ACM) using DRI data can focus attention on emission sources in the workplace spatially illustrate the effectiveness of controls and constructively convey concerns to management and workers. Examples and good practices of ACM are included. Video Exposure Monitoring (VEM) is another useful technique in which video photography is synced with the concentration output of an aerosol DRI. This combination allows the occupational health and safety professional to see what tasks, environmental situations, and/or worker actions contribute to aerosol concentration and potential exposure. VEM can help identify factors responsible for temporal variations in concentration. VEM can assist with training, engage workers, convince managers about necessary remedial actions, and provide for continuous improvement of the workplace environment. Although using DRIs for control evaluation, ACM and VEM can be time-consuming, the resulting information can provide useful data to prompt needed action by employers and employees. Other barriers to adoption include privacy and security issues in some worksites. This review seeks to provide information so occupational health and safety professionals can better understand and effectively use these powerful applications of aerosol DRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura J Sheehan
- Department of Health, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Donna J H Vosburgh
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Safety & Health, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin
| | | | - Jae Hong Park
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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16
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Vosburgh DJH, Cauda E, O’Shaughnessy PT, Sheehan MJ, Park JH, Anderson K. Direct-reading instruments for aerosols: A review for occupational health and safety professionals part 1: Instruments and good practices. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2022; 19:696-705. [PMID: 36197119 PMCID: PMC10679882 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2022.2132255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With advances in technology, there are an increasing number of direct-reading instruments available to occupational health and safety professionals to evaluate occupational aerosol exposures. Despite the wide array of direct-reading instruments available to professionals, the adoption of direct-reading technology to monitor workplace exposures has been limited, partly due to a lack of knowledge on how the instruments operate, how to select an appropriate instrument, and challenges in data analysis techniques. This paper presents a review of direct-reading aerosol instruments available to occupational health and safety professionals, describes the principles of operation, guides instrument selection based on the workplace and exposure, and discusses data analysis techniques to overcome these barriers to adoption. This paper does not cover all direct-reading instruments for aerosols but only those that an occupational health and safety professional could use in a workplace to evaluate exposures. Therefore, this paper focuses on instruments that have the most potential for workplace use due to their robustness, past workplace use, and price with regard to return on investment. The instruments covered in this paper include those that measure aerosol number concentration, mass concentration, and aerosol size distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna J. H. Vosburgh
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Safety & Health, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin
| | - Emanuele Cauda
- Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Maura J. Sheehan
- Department of Health, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Jae Hong Park
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Kimberly Anderson
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia
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17
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Rohra H, Pipal AS, Satsangi PG, Taneja A. Revisiting the atmospheric particles: Connecting lines and changing paradigms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 841:156676. [PMID: 35700785 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the atmospheric particles constitute the most primitive and recent class of air pollutants. The science of atmospheric particles erupted more than a century ago covering more than four decades of size, with past few years experiencing major advancements on both theoretic and data-based observational grounds. More recently, the plausible recognition between particulate matter (PM) and the diffusion of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the accretion of interest in particle science. With motivation from diverse particle research interests, this paper is an 'old engineer's survey' beginning with the evolution of atmospheric particles and identifies along the way many of the global instances signaling the 'size concept' of PM. A theme that runs through the narrative is a 'previously known' generational evolution of particle science to the 'newly procured' portfolio of knowledge, with important gains on the application of unmet concepts and future approaches to PM exposure and epidemiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Rohra
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Atar Singh Pipal
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, New Taipei 243089, Taiwan
| | - P G Satsangi
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Ajay Taneja
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Agra 282002, India.
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18
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Mbazima SJ. Health risk assessment of particulate matter 2.5 in an academic metallurgy workshop. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e13111. [PMID: 36168227 PMCID: PMC9825944 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to indoor PM2.5 is associated with allergies, eye and skin irritation, lung cancer, and cardiopulmonary diseases. To control indoor PM2.5 and protect the health of occupants, exposure and health studies are necessary. In this study, exposure to PM2.5 released in an academic metallurgy workshop was assessed and a health risk assessment was conducted for male and female students and technicians. Polycarbonate membrane filters and an active pump operating at a flow rate of 2.5 L/min were used to collect PM2.5 from Monday to Friday for 3 months (August-October 2020) from 08:00-16:00. PM2.5 mass concentrations were obtained gravimetrically, and the Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry model was used to predict the deposition, retention, and clearance of PM2.5 in the respiratory tract system. The risk of developing carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects among students and technicians was determined. The average PM2.5 mass concentration for August was 32.6 μg/m3 32.8 μg/m3 for September, and 32.2 μg/m3 for October. The head region accounted for the highest deposition fraction (49.02%), followed by the pulmonary (35.75%) and tracheobronchial regions (15.26%). Approximately 0.55 mg of PM2.5 was still retained in the alveolar region 7 days after exposure. The HQ for male and female students was <1 while that of male and female technicians was >1, suggesting that technicians are at risk of developing non-carcinogenic health effects compared with students. The results showed a risk of developing carcinogenic health effects among male and female technicians (>1 × 10-5 ); however, there was no excess cancer risk for students (<1 × 10-6 ). This study highlights the importance of exposure and health studies in academic micro-environments such as metallurgy workshops which are often less researched, and exposure is underestimated. The results also indicated the need to implement control measures to protect the health of the occupants and ensure that the workshop rules are adhered to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setlamorago Jackson Mbazima
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesUniversity of South AfricaJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Department of Toxicology and BiochemistryNational Institute for Occupational HealthDivision of the National Health Laboratory ServiceJohannesburgSouth Africa
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19
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Laboratory Chamber Evaluation of Flow Air Quality Sensor PM 2.5 and PM 10 Measurements. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127340. [PMID: 35742589 PMCID: PMC9223593 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of low-cost air quality sensors as viable tools for the monitoring of air quality at population and individual levels necessitates the evaluation of these instruments. The Flow air quality tracker, a product of Plume Labs, is one such sensor. To evaluate these sensors, we assessed 34 of them in a controlled laboratory setting by exposing them to PM10 and PM2.5 and compared the response with Plantower A003 measurements. The overall coefficient of determination (R2) of measured PM2.5 was 0.76 and of PM10 it was 0.73, but the Flows’ accuracy improved after each introduction of incense. Overall, these findings suggest that the Flow can be a useful air quality monitoring tool in air pollution areas with higher concentrations, when incorporated into other monitoring frameworks and when used in aggregate. The broader environmental implications of this work are that it is possible for individuals and groups to monitor their individual exposure to particulate matter pollution.
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20
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Wittkopp S, Walzer D, Thorpe L, Roberts T, Xia Y, Gordon T, Thurston G, Brook R, Newman JD. Portable air cleaner use and biomarkers of inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 18:100182. [PMID: 38390226 PMCID: PMC10883590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, potentially via increased inflammation. PM2.5 exposure increases inflammatory biomarkers linked to cardiovascular disease, including CRP, IL-6 and TNFα. Portable air cleaners (PACs) reduce individual PM2.5 exposure but evidence is limited regarding whether PACs also reduce inflammatory biomarkers. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of trials evaluating the use of PACs to reduce PM2.5 exposure and inflammatory biomarker concentrations. We identified English-language articles of randomized sham-controlled trials evaluating high efficiency particulate air filters in non-smoking, residential settings measuring serum CRP, IL-6 and TNFα before and after active versus sham filtration, and performed meta-analysis on the extracted modeled percent change in biomarker concentration across studies. Of 487 articles identified, we analyzed 14 studies enrolling 778 participants that met inclusion criteria. These studies showed PACs reduced PM2.5 by 61.5 % on average. Of the 14 included studies, 10 reported CRP concentrations in 570 participants; these showed active PAC use was associated with 7 % lower CRP (95 % CI: -14 % to 0.0 %, p = 0.05). Nine studies of IL-6, with 379 participants, showed active PAC use was associated with 13 % lower IL-6 (95 % CI: [-23 %, -3 %], p = 0.009). Six studies, with 269 participants, reported TNF-α and demonstrated no statistical evidence of difference between active and sham PAC use. Portable air cleaners that reduce PM2.5 exposure can decrease concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease. Additional studies are needed to evaluate clinical outcomes and other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharine Wittkopp
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Dalia Walzer
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Lorna Thorpe
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Timothy Roberts
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Yuhe Xia
- Division of Biostatistics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - George Thurston
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Robert Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Wayne State University, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D Newman
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, United States of America
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21
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Lagesse B, Wang S, Larson TV, Kim AA. Performing indoor PM 2.5 prediction with low-cost data and machine learning. FACILITIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/f-05-2021-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to develop a particle matter (PM2.5) prediction model for open-plan office space using a variety of data sources. Monitoring of PM2.5 levels is not widely applied in indoor settings. Many reliable methods of monitoring PM2.5 require either time-consuming or expensive equipment, thus making PM2.5 monitoring impractical for many settings. The goal of this paper is to identify possible low-cost, low-effort data sources that building managers can use in combination with machine learning (ML) models to approximate the performance of much more costly monitoring devices.
Design/methodology/approach
This study identified a variety of data sources, including freely available, public data, data from low-cost sensors and data from expensive, high-quality sensors. This study examined a variety of neural network architectures, including traditional artificial neural networks, generalized recurrent neural networks and long short-term memory neural networks as candidates for the prediction model. The authors trained the selected predictive model using this data and identified data sources that can be cheaply combined to approximate more expensive data sources.
Findings
The paper identified combinations of free data sources such as building damper percentages and weather data and low-cost sensors such as Wi-Fi-based occupancy estimator or a Plantower PMS7003 sensor that perform nearly as well as predictions made based on nephelometer data.
Originality/value
This work demonstrates that by combining low-cost sensors and ML, indoor PM2.5 monitoring can be performed at a drastically reduced cost with minimal error compared to more traditional approaches.
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22
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Zhang L, Ou C, Magana-Arachchi D, Vithanage M, Vanka KS, Palanisami T, Masakorala K, Wijesekara H, Yan Y, Bolan N, Kirkham MB. Indoor Particulate Matter in Urban Households: Sources, Pathways, Characteristics, Health Effects, and Exposure Mitigation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11055. [PMID: 34769574 PMCID: PMC8582694 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in the air with varying size, shape, and chemical composition which intensifies significant concern due to severe health effects. Based on the well-established human health effects of outdoor PM, health-based standards for outdoor air have been promoted (e.g., the National Ambient Air Quality Standards formulated by the U.S.). Due to the exchange of indoor and outdoor air, the chemical composition of indoor particulate matter is related to the sources and components of outdoor PM. However, PM in the indoor environment has the potential to exceed outdoor PM levels. Indoor PM includes particles of outdoor origin that drift indoors and particles that originate from indoor activities, which include cooking, fireplaces, smoking, fuel combustion for heating, human activities, and burning incense. Indoor PM can be enriched with inorganic and organic contaminants, including toxic heavy metals and carcinogenic volatile organic compounds. As a potential health hazard, indoor exposure to PM has received increased attention in recent years because people spend most of their time indoors. In addition, as the quantity, quality, and scope of the research have expanded, it is necessary to conduct a systematic review of indoor PM. This review discusses the sources, pathways, characteristics, health effects, and exposure mitigation of indoor PM. Practical solutions and steps to reduce exposure to indoor PM are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Intelligent and New Energy Materials, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China;
- School of Health, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai’an 223003, China
| | - Changjin Ou
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Intelligent and New Energy Materials, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China;
| | - Dhammika Magana-Arachchi
- Molecular Microbiology and Human Diseases Project, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka; (D.M.-A.); (M.V.)
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Molecular Microbiology and Human Diseases Project, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka; (D.M.-A.); (M.V.)
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Kanth Swaroop Vanka
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Thava Palanisami
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Kanaji Masakorala
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara 80000, Sri Lanka;
| | - Hasintha Wijesekara
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka;
| | - Yubo Yan
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia;
| | - M. B. Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
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Kim D, Kim J, Lee SJ. Effectual removal of indoor ultrafine PM using submicron water droplets. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113166. [PMID: 34217941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ultrafine airborne particulate matter (PM1.0) poses a significant risk to human health and well-being. Examining the effect of submicron water droplets on the removal of ultrafine PM is timely and important for mitigating indoor ultrafine PM, which is difficult to filter out from incoming air. In this study, submicron water droplets were made by using a nanoporous membrane and an ultrasonic module of a commercial household ultrasonic humidifier (UH) for effectual ultrafine PM removal. The effect of water droplet size on indoor PM removal was experimentally investigated. Variations in the normalized PM concentration, removal efficiency and deposition constants were evaluated by analyzing the temporal variation in PM concentration inside a test chamber. The measured PM deposition constants were compared with the results of other previous studies. As a result, submicron water droplets of 800 nm in mean diameter were generated by ultrasonic module combined passive nanoporous membrane, and PM1.0 concentration decreased by 30% in the initial 30 min. Compared with micron-sized water droplets, PM1.0 removal efficiency improved by approximately two times higher. Moreover, the substitution of the experimental results into a theoretical model ascertained that PM collection efficiency is increased by approximately 103 levels as the size of water droplets decreases. These results would be utilized in the development and implementation of effective strategies for indoor PM removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jeongju Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea.
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24
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Mishra D, Yadav R, Pratap Singh R, Taneja A, Tiwari R, Khare P. The incorporation of lemongrass oil into chitosan-nanocellulose composite for bioaerosol reduction in indoor air. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117407. [PMID: 34049138 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The bioaerosols present in indoor air play a major role in the transmission of infectious diseases to humans, therefore concern about their exposure is increased recently. In this regard, the present investigation described the preparation of lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) loaded chitosan and cellulose nanofibers composites (CH/CNF) for controlling the indoor air bioaerosol. The evaluation of the inhibitory effect of the composite system on culturable bacteria of the indoor air was done at different sites (air volume from 30 m3 to 80 m3) and in different size fractions of aerosol (<0.25 μm-2.5 μm). The composite system had high encapsulation efficiency (88-91%) and citrals content. A significant reduction in culturable bacteria of aerosol (from 6.23 log CFUm-3 to 2.33 log CFUm-3) was observed in presence of cellulose nanofibers and chitosan composites. The bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pseudomycoides sp., Pseudomonas otitidis, and Pseudomonas sp. Cf0-3 in bioaerosols were inhibited dominantly due to the diffusion of aroma molecules in indoor air. The results indicate that the interaction of diffused aroma molecule from the composite system with bacterial strains enhanced the production of ROS, resulting in loss of membrane integrity of bacterial cells. Among different size fractions of aerosol, the composite system was more effective in finer size fractions (<0.25 μm) of aerosol due to the interaction of smaller aroma compounds with bacterial cells. The study revealed that LGEO loaded chitosan and cellulose nanofibers composites could be a good option for controlling the culturable bacteria even in small-sized respirable bioaerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Mishra
- Division of Crop Production and Protection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226 015, India
| | - Ranu Yadav
- Division of Crop Production and Protection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226 015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Raghvendra Pratap Singh
- Division of Crop Production and Protection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226 015, India
| | - Ajay Taneja
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra, 282002, India
| | - Rahul Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra, 282002, India
| | - Puja Khare
- Division of Crop Production and Protection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226 015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Physicochemical Properties of Indoor and Outdoor Particulate Matter 2.5 in Selected Residential Areas near a Ferromanganese Smelter. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18178900. [PMID: 34501491 PMCID: PMC8431365 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18178900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) of different sizes and elemental composition is a leading contributor to indoor and outdoor air pollution in residential areas. We sought to investigate similarities between indoor and outdoor PM2.5 in three residential areas near a ferromanganese smelter in Meyerton to apportion the emission source(s). Indoor and outdoor PM2.5 samples were collected concurrently, using GilAir300 plus samplers, at a flow rate of 2.75 L/min. PM2.5 was collected on polycarbonate membrane filters housed in 37 mm cassettes coupled with PM2.5 cyclones. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy was used to study the morphology, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy was used to analyse the elemental composition of the PM2.5. Mean indoor and outdoor PM2.5 mass concentrations were 10.99 and 24.95 µg/m3, respectively. Mean outdoor mass concentration was 2.27-fold higher than the indoor concentration. Indoor samples consisted of irregular and agglomerated particles, ranging from 0.09 to 1.06 µm, whereas outdoor samples consisted of irregular and spherical particles, ranging from 0.10 to 0.70 µm. Indoor and outdoor PM2.5 were dominated by manganese, silicon, and iron, however, outdoor PM2.5 had the highest concentration of all elements. The ferromanganese smelter was identified as the potential main contributing source of PM2.5 of different physicochemical properties.
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Pang KL, Ekeuku SO, Chin KY. Particulate Air Pollution and Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:2715-2732. [PMID: 34194253 PMCID: PMC8238075 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s316429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which predispose to several chronic diseases in human. Emerging evidence suggests that the severity and progression of osteoporosis are directly associated with inflammation induced by air pollutants like particulate matter (PM). This systematic review examined the relationship between PM and bone health or fractures. A comprehensive literature search was conducted from January until February 2021 using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases. Human cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies were considered. Of the 1500 papers identified, 14 articles were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The air pollution index investigated by most studies were PM2.5 and PM10. Current studies demonstrated inconsistent associations between PM and osteoporosis risk or fractures, which may partly due to the heterogeneity in subjects' characteristics, study design and analysis. In conclusion, there is an inconclusive relationship between osteoporosis risk and fracture and PM exposures which require further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Lun Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sophia Ogechi Ekeuku
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Miniature Optical Particle Counter and Analyzer Involving a Fluidic-Optronic CMOS Chip Coupled with a Millimeter-Sized Glass Optical System. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21093181. [PMID: 34063656 PMCID: PMC8124938 DOI: 10.3390/s21093181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Our latest advances in the field of miniaturized optical PM sensors are presented. This sensor combines a hybrid fluidic-optronic CMOS (holed retina) that is able to record a specific irradiance pattern scattered by an illuminated particle (scattering signature), while enabling the circulation of particles toward the sensing area. The holed retina is optically coupled with a monolithic, millimeter-sized, refracto-reflective optical system. The latter notably performs an optical pre-processing of signatures, with a very wide field of view of scattering angles. This improves the sensitivity of the sensors, and simplifies image processing. We report the precise design methodology for such a sensor, as well as its fabrication and characterization using calibrated polystyrene beads. Finally, we discuss its ability to characterize particles and its potential for further miniaturization and integration.
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28
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Lung SC, Tsou MM, Hu S, Hsieh Y, Wang WV, Shui C, Tan C. Concurrent assessment of personal, indoor, and outdoor PM 2.5 and PM 1 levels and source contributions using novel low-cost sensing devices. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:755-768. [PMID: 33047373 PMCID: PMC8247015 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The intensity, frequency, duration, and contribution of distinct PM2.5 sources in Asian households have seldom been assessed; these are evaluated in this work with concurrent personal, indoor, and outdoor PM2.5 and PM1 monitoring using novel low-cost sensing (LCS) devices, AS-LUNG. GRIMM-comparable observations were acquired by the corrected AS-LUNG readings, with R2 up to 0.998. Twenty-six non-smoking healthy adults were recruited in Taiwan in 2018 for 7-day personal, home indoor, and home outdoor PM monitoring. The results showed 5-min PM2.5 and PM1 exposures of 11.2 ± 10.9 and 10.5 ± 9.8 µg/m3 , respectively. Cooking occurred most frequently; cooking with and without solid fuel contributed to high PM2.5 increments of 76.5 and 183.8 µg/m3 (1 min), respectively. Incense burning had the highest mean PM2.5 indoor/outdoor (1.44 ± 1.44) ratios at home and on average the highest 5-min PM2.5 increments (15.0 µg/m3 ) to indoor levels, among all single sources. Certain events accounted for 14.0%-39.6% of subjects' daily exposures. With the high resolution of AS-LUNG data and detailed time-activity diaries, the impacts of sources and ventilations were assessed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih‐Chun Candice Lung
- Research Center for Environmental ChangesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Atmospheric SciencesNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health SciencesNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Shu‐Chuan Hu
- Research Center for Environmental ChangesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Hui Hsieh
- Research Center for Environmental ChangesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Chen‐Kai Shui
- Research Center for Environmental ChangesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chee‐Hong Tan
- Research Center for Environmental ChangesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
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29
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Indoor Air Quality in Domestic Environments during Periods Close to Italian COVID-19 Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084060. [PMID: 33921463 PMCID: PMC8070062 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the in situ monitoring of indoor air quality (IAQ) in two dwellings, using low-cost IAQ sensors to provide high-density temporal and spatial data. IAQ measurements were conducted over 2-week periods in the kitchen and bedroom of each home during the winter, spring, and summer seasons, characterized by different outside parameters, that were simultaneously measured. The mean indoor PM2.5 concentrations were about 15 μg m−3 in winter, they dropped to values close to 10 μg m−3 in spring and increased to levels of about 13 μg m−3 in summer. During the winter campaign, indoor PM2.5 was found mainly associated with particle penetration inside the rooms from outdoors, because of the high outdoor PM2.5 levels in the season. Such pollution winter episodes occur frequently in the study region, due to the combined contributions of strong anthropogenic emissions and stable atmospheric conditions. The concentrations of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and CO2 increased with the number of occupants (humans and pets), as likely associated with consequent higher emissions through breathing and metabolic processes. They also varied with occupants’ daily activities, like cooking and cleaning. Critic CO2 levels above the limit of 1000 ppm were observed in spring campaign, in the weeks close to the end of the COVID-19 quarantine, likely associated with the increased time that the occupants spent at home.
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30
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Lowther SD, Deng W, Fang Z, Booker D, Whyatt DJ, Wild O, Wang X, Jones KC. How efficiently can HEPA purifiers remove priority fine and ultrafine particles from indoor air? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:106001. [PMID: 32739515 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
More than 1 million premature deaths in Asia annually are estimated to be associated with indoor air quality. HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filter air purifiers (APs) are widely used in urban Chinese residences by the growing middle class, as public awareness of air pollution increases. Currently, understanding of how particle size affects particle removal is inconsistent, and the rate at which different particle types are removed remains largely unknown. Therefore, this investigation aimed to determine the relationship between particle size and the removal efficiency of particles, and how efficiently ambient air is filtered compared to particle types which are typically used in standard tests (tobacco smoke, dust and pollen). Three of the most popular AP models in China were tested in China's largest indoor controlled chamber laboratory and the removal efficiencies of particles in the 18-514 nm range were identified. Each AP had a distinct profile of removal efficiency against particle size, but the three APs shared similarities in performance, with removal efficiency consistently lowest at 200-250 nm. This size fraction is important in an exposure context as these particles are abundant in ambient air in mega-cities, can penetrate through building shells effectively, remain airborne for long periods of time and can penetrate the deepest areas of the lungs. Ambient air particles were removed at a similar rate to test particles; this confirms that the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers' (AHAM) standards are a suitable proxy for "real world" performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Lowther
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 511 Kehua Rd, Tianhe, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 511 Kehua Rd, Tianhe, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 511 Kehua Rd, Tianhe, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Douglas Booker
- NAQTS, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan J Whyatt
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Wild
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 511 Kehua Rd, Tianhe, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
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Niu M, Shen F, Zhou F, Zhu T, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Sun Y, Li X, Wu Y, Fu P, Tao S. Indoor air filtration could lead to increased airborne endotoxin levels. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 142:105878. [PMID: 32580116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Stand-alone portable air purifiers (APs) have become an increasingly popular method of controlling individual inhalation exposure. Exposure to bacterial endotoxins has a causative role in respiratory inhalation health. Here, we studied the changes in endotoxin levels in indoor air before and after purification by a portable AP equipped with HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filters. An increase in endotoxins was observed when a previously used AP was turned on to clean the air. Replacing the HEPA filters in the AP helped to mitigate the increase in endotoxins of larger sizes but not endotoxins of smaller sizes. Consequently, the use of APs could lead to increased endotoxin deposition in airways, especially in the alveolar region. The endotoxin concentrations on the HEPA filters were well correlated with the free DNA concentrations on the HEPA filters. This correlation indicates that the disrupted bacteria, which released free DNA, could also release endotoxins, thus making HEPA filters a source of indoor airborne endotoxins. Our results illustrate a potential endotoxin inhalation risk associated with HEPA-APs as an air cleaning strategy and highlight the importance of composition-specific air cleaning while reducing the particle number/mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutong Niu
- School of Space and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fangxia Shen
- School of Space and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Feng Zhou
- School of Space and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianle Zhu
- School of Space and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yunhao Zheng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Space and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ye Sun
- School of Space and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinghua Li
- School of Space and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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32
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Clark LP, Sreekanth V, Bekbulat B, Baum M, Yang S, Baylon P, Gould TR, Larson TV, Seto EYW, Space CD, Marshall JD. Developing a Low-Cost Passive Method for Long-Term Average Levels of Light-Absorbing Carbon Air Pollution in Polluted Indoor Environments. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3417. [PMID: 32560462 PMCID: PMC7348734 DOI: 10.3390/s20123417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose a low-cost passive method for monitoring long-term average levels of light-absorbing carbon air pollution in polluted indoor environments. Building on prior work, the method here estimates the change in reflectance of a passively exposed surface through analysis of digital images. To determine reproducibility and limits of detection, we tested low-cost passive samplers with exposure to kerosene smoke in the laboratory and to environmental pollution in 20 indoor locations. Preliminary results suggest robust reproducibility (r = 0.99) and limits of detection appropriate for longer-term (~1-3 months) monitoring in households that use solid fuels. The results here suggest high precision; further testing involving "gold standard" measurements is needed to investigate accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara P. Clark
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (L.P.C.); (V.S.); (B.B.); (S.Y.); (T.R.G.); (T.V.L.); (C.D.S.)
| | - V. Sreekanth
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (L.P.C.); (V.S.); (B.B.); (S.Y.); (T.R.G.); (T.V.L.); (C.D.S.)
- Center for Study of Science, Technology & Policy, Bengaluru 560094, India
| | - Bujin Bekbulat
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (L.P.C.); (V.S.); (B.B.); (S.Y.); (T.R.G.); (T.V.L.); (C.D.S.)
| | | | - Songlin Yang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (L.P.C.); (V.S.); (B.B.); (S.Y.); (T.R.G.); (T.V.L.); (C.D.S.)
- Astronaut Center of China, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Pao Baylon
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Timothy R. Gould
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (L.P.C.); (V.S.); (B.B.); (S.Y.); (T.R.G.); (T.V.L.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Timothy V. Larson
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (L.P.C.); (V.S.); (B.B.); (S.Y.); (T.R.G.); (T.V.L.); (C.D.S.)
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Edmund Y. W. Seto
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Chris D. Space
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (L.P.C.); (V.S.); (B.B.); (S.Y.); (T.R.G.); (T.V.L.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Julian D. Marshall
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (L.P.C.); (V.S.); (B.B.); (S.Y.); (T.R.G.); (T.V.L.); (C.D.S.)
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33
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Ultrafine Particle Features Associated with Pro-Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses: Implications for Health Studies. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11040414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Suspected detrimental health effects associated with ultrafine particles (UFPs) are impressive. However, epidemiological evidence is still limited. This is potentially due to challenges related to UFP exposure assessment and the lack of consensus on a standard methodology for UFPs. It is imperative to focus future health studies on those UFP metrics more likely to represent health effects. This is the purpose of this paper, where we extend the results obtained during the CARE (“Carbonaceous Aerosol in Rome and Environs”) experiment started in 2017 in Rome. The major purpose is to investigate features of airborne UFPs associated with pro-inflammatory and oxidative responses. Aerosol chemical, microphysical, and optical properties were measured, together with the oxidative potential, at temporal scales relevant for UFPs (minutes to hours). The biological responses were obtained using both in-vivo and in-vitro tests carried out directly under environmental conditions. Findings indicate that caution should be taken when assessing health-relevant exposure to UFPs through the conventional metrics like total particle number concentration and PM2.5 and Black Carbon (BC) mass concentration. Conversely, we recommend adding to these, a UFP source apportionment analysis and indicators for both ultrafine black carbon and the size of particles providing most of the total surface area to available toxic molecules.
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