1
|
Zhang Q, Xu X, Song C, Zhang D, Kong Y, Cui X. Effect of UV exposure and natural aging on the in vitro PAHs bioaccessibility associated with tire wear particles in soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175751. [PMID: 39197782 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWP), as an emerging type of microplastics, are a significant source of contaminants in roadside soils due to their high concentration of pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study explored the impact of ultraviolet (UV) exposure and natural aging on the in vitro bioaccessibility of PAHs associated with TWP in soil on a China-wide scale. Our findings suggested that UV exposure amplified the negative charge of TWP by 75 % and increased the hydrophobic groups on the particle surface. The bioaccessibility of 3- and 4-ring PAHs in TWP was significantly (p < 0.05) heightened by UV exposure. After 20 types of soils containing 2 % UV-exposed TWP underwent natural aging, the bioaccessibility of PAHs saw a significant decrease (p < 0.05) to 16-48 %, compared to 28-96 % in the unaged group. Soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were the two primary soil properties positively influencing the reduction of in vitro PAHs concentration and PAHs bioaccessibility. According to the prediction results, soils in southern China presented the highest potential region for the release of bioaccessible PAHs from TWP, highlighting the regional specificity of environmental impact. Our study provides valuable insights into the biological impact of PAHs associated with TWP on a regional scale, and offers scientific evidence for targeted soil risk management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chenzhuo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dengke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li X, Li Z. Perspectives on the Toxic Effects of Micro- and Nanoplastics on the Environment: A Bibliometric Analysis of the 2014 to 2023 Period. TOXICS 2024; 12:676. [PMID: 39330604 PMCID: PMC11435707 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12090676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) have garnered significant attention due to their frequent detection in and potential toxic effects on the environment and organisms, making them a serious threat to human health. To comprehensively understand the research on MNPs' toxicity, we employed the R language-based Bibliometrix toolkit (version 4.3.0), VOSviewer (version 1.6.11) and CiteSpace (version 6.3.R1) to perform statistical and visual analyses of 3541 articles pertaining to MNPs' toxicity between 2014 and 2023, which were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. The analysis revealed that research related to MNPs' toxicity has experienced a rapid increase in recent years. China's particularly prominent influence in the field of MNPs' toxicity is evidenced by its academic exchanges and the establishment of a mature cooperation system with other countries (regions), such as the USA and Germany. Studies related to MNPs' toxicity are primarily published in leading journals, including the Science of the Total Environment, Environmental Pollution, and the Journal of Hazardous Materials. The Chinese Academy of Sciences was identified as the leading institution in terms of research on MNPs' toxicity, contributing 203 papers to the total number of studies published. Keyword co-occurrence and burst analyses indicated that the current research on MNPs' toxicity mainly focuses on the toxic effects of MNPs on aquatic organisms, the combined toxicity of MNPs and other contaminants, and the toxic effects and mechanisms of MNPs. Future research should integrate computational toxicology and toxicomics to enhance our understanding of MNPs' toxicity mechanisms and assess the potential health risks posed by atmospheric MNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhong Li
- Hangzhou Institute of National Extremely-Weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou 310028, China
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhonghong Li
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Li X, Yang H, Wu Y, Pu Q, He W, Li X. A review of tire wear particles: Occurrence, adverse effects, and control strategies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116782. [PMID: 39059345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWPs), common mixed particulate emerging contaminants in the environment, have global per capita emissions accounting for 0.23-1.9 kg/year, attracting global attention recently due to their wide detection, small size, mobility, and high toxicity. This review focuses on the occurrence characteristics of TWPs in multiple environmental media, adverse effects on organisms, potential toxicity mechanisms, and environmental risk prevention and control strategies of TWPs. The environmental fate of TWPs throughout the entire process is systematically investigated by the bibliometric analysis function of CiteSpace. This review supplements the gap in the joint toxicity and related toxicity mechanisms of TWPs with other environmental pollutants. Based on the risks review of TWPs and their additives, adverse impacts have been found in organisms from aquatic environments, soil, and humans, such as the growth inhibition effect on Chironomus dilutes. A multi-faceted and rationalized prevention and control treatment of "source-process-end" for the whole process can be achieved by regulating the use of studded tires, improving the tire additive formula, growing plants roadside, encouraging micro-degradation, and other methods, which are first reviewed. By addressing the current knowledge gaps and exploring prospects, this study contributes to developing strategies for reducing risks and assessing the fate of TWPs in multiple environmental media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Life Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China.
| | - Xinao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yang Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Qikun Pu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Wei He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Xixi Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's A1B 3X5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ilaria B, Kevin T, Ika PP, Luca P, Giulia DR, Matthias H, Carole DP, Hugo K, Claudie Q, Virgile Q, Jacqueline LG, Nelly LG, Christophe L, Fabienne L, Camille D, Trevisan R, Corporeau C, Patarnello T, Massimo M, Arnaud H. Effects of tire particles and associated-chemicals on the Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas) physiology, reproduction and next-generation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:135742. [PMID: 39276742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
By 2040, tire particles (TP) are expected to dominate marine plastic contamination, raising concerns about their effects on marine animals. This study employed a multidisciplinary and multigenerational approach on the Pacific oyster Magallana gigas to investigate the effects of TP and their leachates (LEA). Effects were analyzed at the individual scale, from cellular, molecular, and microbiota changes to reproductive outputs and offspring performance. Microbiota characterization revealed potential dysbiosis in oysters treated with high concentration of both TP and LEA. RNA-seq analyses highlighted the activation of energy metabolism and stress responses in the LEA treatment. Additionally, transcriptional changes in oocytes and the reduction of motile spermatozoa suggested potential effects on gamete quality. Notably, possible oyster resilience was pointed out by the lack of significant ecophysiological modifications in adults and impacts on the growth and reproductive outputs of the offspring. Overall, the implications of the observed oyster resilience under our experimental setting are discussed in relation to available toxicity data and within a comprehensive view of coastal ecosystems, where a higher diversity of plastic/rubber materials and harsher environmental conditions occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardini Ilaria
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università di Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Polo di Agripolis, Italy.
| | - Tallec Kevin
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France; Cedre, 715 rue Alain Colas, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Paul-Pont Ika
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Peruzza Luca
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università di Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Polo di Agripolis, Italy
| | - Dalla Rovere Giulia
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università di Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Polo di Agripolis, Italy
| | - Huber Matthias
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Di Poi Carole
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Koechlin Hugo
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Quéré Claudie
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | | | - Le Goïc Nelly
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | - Lagarde Fabienne
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, IMMM - UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Détrée Camille
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen-Normandie MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD, Station Marine de Luc sur mer (CREC), France
| | - Rafael Trevisan
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | - Tomaso Patarnello
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università di Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Polo di Agripolis, Italy; NFBC, National Future Biodiversity Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Milan Massimo
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università di Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Polo di Agripolis, Italy; NFBC, National Future Biodiversity Center, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Huvet Arnaud
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao T, Zhang Y, Song Q, Meng Q, Zhou S, Cong J. Tire and road wear particles in the aquatic organisms - A review of source, properties, exposure routes, and biological effects. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 273:107010. [PMID: 38917645 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
With the continuous development of the modern social economy, rubber has been widely used in our daily life. Tire and road wear particles (TRWPs) are generated by friction between tires and the road surface during the processes of driving, acceleration, and braking. TRWPs can be divided into three main components according to their source: tire tread, brake wear, and road wear. Due to urban runoff, TRWPs flow with rainwater into the aquatic environment and influence the surrounding aquatic organisms. As an emerging contaminant, TRWPs with the characteristics of small particles and strong toxicity have been given more attention recently. Here, we summarized the existing knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of TRWPs, the pathways of TRWPs into the water body, and the exposure routes of TRWPs. Furthermore, we introduced the biological effects of TRWPs involved in size, concentration, and shape, as well as key toxic compounds involved in heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), and benzothiazole on aquatic organisms, and attempted to find the relevant factors influencing the toxic effects of TRWPs. In the context of existing policies that ignore pollution from TRWPs emissions in the aquatic environment, we also proposed measures to mitigate the impact of TRWPs in the future, as well as an outlook for TRWPs research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhao
- College of Marine Science and biological engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Marine Science and biological engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Qianqian Song
- College of Marine Science and biological engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Qingxuan Meng
- College of Marine Science and biological engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- College of Marine Science and biological engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Jing Cong
- College of Marine Science and biological engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao 266000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Magni S, Sbarberi R, Dolfini D, Nigro L, Binelli A. Behind conventional (micro)plastics: An ecotoxicological characterization of aqueous suspensions from End-of-Life Tire particles. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 273:107032. [PMID: 39068809 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Million tons of tires become waste every year, and the so-called End-of-Life Tires (ELTs) are ground into powder (ELT-dp; size < 0.8 mm) and granules (ELT-dg; 0.8 < size < 2.5 mm) for recycling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sub-lethal effects of three different concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L) of aqueous suspensions from ELT-dp and ELT-dg on Danio rerio (zebrafish) larvae exposed from 0 to 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). Chronic effects were assessed through biomarkers, real-time PCR, and proteomics. We observed a significant increase in swimming behavior and heart rate only in specimens exposed to ELT-dp suspensions at 1 and 10 mg/L, respectively. Conversely, the activities of detoxifying enzymes ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) showed significant modulation only in specimens exposed to ELT-dg groups. Although no effects were observed through real-time PCR, proteomics highlighted alterations induced by the three ELT-dp concentrations in over 100 proteins involved in metabolic pathways of aromatic and nitrogen compounds. The results obtained suggest that the toxic mechanism of action (MoA) of ELT suspensions is mainly associated with the induction of effects by released chemicals in water, with a higher toxicity of ELT-dp compared to ELT-dg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Magni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Sbarberi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Diletta Dolfini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lara Nigro
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Binelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Seewoo BJ, Wong EV, Mulders YR, Goodes LM, Eroglu E, Brunner M, Gozt A, Toshniwal P, Symeonides C, Dunlop SA. Impacts associated with the plastic polymers polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and polybutadiene across their life cycle: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32912. [PMID: 39022097 PMCID: PMC11253235 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymers are the main building blocks of plastic, with the annual global production volume of fossil carbon-based polymers reaching over 457 million metric tons in 2019 and this figure is anticipated to triple by 2060. There is potential for environmental harm and adverse human health impacts associated with plastic, its constituent polymers and the chemicals therein, at all stages of the plastic life cycle, from extraction of raw materials, production and manufacturing, consumption, through to ultimate disposal and waste management. While there have been considerable research and policy efforts in identifying and mitigating the impacts associated with problematic plastic products such as single-use plastics and hazardous chemicals in plastics, with national and/or international regulations to phase out their use, plastic polymers are often overlooked. In this review, the polymer dimension of the current knowledge on environmental release, human exposure and health impacts of plastic is discussed across the plastic life cycle, including chemicals used in production and additives commonly used to achieve the properties needed for applications for which the polymers are generally used. This review focuses on polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and polybutadiene, four common plastic polymers made from the hazardous monomers, bisphenol, styrene, vinyl chloride and 1,3-butadiene, respectively. Potential alternative polymers, chemicals, and products are considered. Our findings emphasise the need for a whole system approach to be undertaken for effective regulation of plastics whereby the impacts of plastics are assessed with respect to their constituent polymers, chemicals, and applications and across their entire life cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhedita J. Seewoo
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Enoch V.S. Wong
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yannick R. Mulders
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Louise M. Goodes
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ela Eroglu
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Manuel Brunner
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Gozt
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Priyanka Toshniwal
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Christos Symeonides
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah A. Dunlop
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mayer PM, Moran KD, Miller EL, Brander SM, Harper S, Garcia-Jaramillo M, Carrasco-Navarro V, Ho KT, Burgess RM, Thornton Hampton LM, Granek EF, McCauley M, McIntyre JK, Kolodziej EP, Hu X, Williams AJ, Beckingham BA, Jackson ME, Sanders-Smith RD, Fender CL, King GA, Bollman M, Kaushal SS, Cunningham BE, Hutton SJ, Lang J, Goss HV, Siddiqui S, Sutton R, Lin D, Mendez M. Where the rubber meets the road: Emerging environmental impacts of tire wear particles and their chemical cocktails. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171153. [PMID: 38460683 PMCID: PMC11214769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
About 3 billion new tires are produced each year and about 800 million tires become waste annually. Global dependence upon tires produced from natural rubber and petroleum-based compounds represents a persistent and complex environmental problem with only partial and often-times, ineffective solutions. Tire emissions may be in the form of whole tires, tire particles, and chemical compounds, each of which is transported through various atmospheric, terrestrial, and aquatic routes in the natural and built environments. Production and use of tires generates multiple heavy metals, plastics, PAH's, and other compounds that can be toxic alone or as chemical cocktails. Used tires require storage space, are energy intensive to recycle, and generally have few post-wear uses that are not also potential sources of pollutants (e.g., crumb rubber, pavements, burning). Tire particles emitted during use are a major component of microplastics in urban runoff and a source of unique and highly potent toxic substances. Thus, tires represent a ubiquitous and complex pollutant that requires a comprehensive examination to develop effective management and remediation. We approach the issue of tire pollution holistically by examining the life cycle of tires across production, emissions, recycling, and disposal. In this paper, we synthesize recent research and data about the environmental and human health risks associated with the production, use, and disposal of tires and discuss gaps in our knowledge about fate and transport, as well as the toxicology of tire particles and chemical leachates. We examine potential management and remediation approaches for addressing exposure risks across the life cycle of tires. We consider tires as pollutants across three levels: tires in their whole state, as particulates, and as a mixture of chemical cocktails. Finally, we discuss information gaps in our understanding of tires as a pollutant and outline key questions to improve our knowledge and ability to manage and remediate tire pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Mayer
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States of America.
| | - Kelly D Moran
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Ave, Richmond, CA 94804, United States of America.
| | - Ezra L Miller
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Ave, Richmond, CA 94804, United States of America.
| | - Susanne M Brander
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America.
| | - Stacey Harper
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States of America.
| | - Manuel Garcia-Jaramillo
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America.
| | - Victor Carrasco-Navarro
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Yliopistonranta 1 E, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Kay T Ho
- US Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States of America.
| | - Robert M Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States of America.
| | - Leah M Thornton Hampton
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, United States of America.
| | - Elise F Granek
- Environmental Science & Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, United States of America.
| | - Margaret McCauley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America.
| | - Jenifer K McIntyre
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Puyallup Research & Extension Center, Washington Stormwater Center, 2606 W Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371, United States of America.
| | - Edward P Kolodziej
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences (UW Tacoma), Civil and Environmental Engineering (UW Seattle), Center for Urban Waters, University of Washington, Tacoma, WA 98402, United States of America.
| | - Ximin Hu
- Civil and Environmental Engineering (UW Seattle), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America.
| | - Antony J Williams
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division, Computational Chemistry & Cheminformatics Branch, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States of America.
| | - Barbara A Beckingham
- Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, 66 George Street Charleston, SC 29424, United States of America.
| | - Miranda E Jackson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America.
| | - Rhea D Sanders-Smith
- Washington State Department of Ecology, 300 Desmond Drive SE, Lacey, WA 98503, United States of America.
| | - Chloe L Fender
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America.
| | - George A King
- CSS, Inc., 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States of America.
| | - Michael Bollman
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States of America.
| | - Sujay S Kaushal
- Department of Geology and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, United States of America.
| | - Brittany E Cunningham
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States of America.
| | - Sara J Hutton
- GSI Environmental, Inc., Olympia, Washington 98502, USA.
| | - Jackelyn Lang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology and the Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America.
| | - Heather V Goss
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Office of Wastewater Management, Washington, DC 20004, United States of America.
| | - Samreen Siddiqui
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America.
| | - Rebecca Sutton
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Ave, Richmond, CA 94804, United States of America.
| | - Diana Lin
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Ave, Richmond, CA 94804, United States of America.
| | - Miguel Mendez
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Ave, Richmond, CA 94804, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Foscari A, Seiwert B, Zahn D, Schmidt M, Reemtsma T. Leaching of tire particles and simultaneous biodegradation of leachables. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121322. [PMID: 38387267 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The fate of organic compounds released from tire wear particle (TWP) in the aquatic environment is still poorly understood. This is especially true near sources where biotic and abiotic transformation and leaching from TWP are simultaneous and competing processes. To address this knowledge-gap an experiment was performed, allowing for biodegradation (a) during the leaching from a suspension of cryo-milled tire tread (CMTT) and (b) subsequent to leaching. Besides measuring the Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) content, 19 tire-related chemicals were quantified, and non-target screening was performed by LC-HRMS. The non-inoculated control experiment exhibited a DOC of up to 4 mg g-1, with up to 700 µg g-1 of 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) as the most prominent compound, followed by three benzothiazoles (2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT), 2-hydroxybenzothiazole (2-OHBT) and benzothiazole-2-sulfonic acid (BTSA); 50 µg g-1 each) and 4-hydroxydiphenylamine (4-HDPA) (50 µg g-1). Biodegradation reduced the DOC by 88 % and the concentration of most organic compounds by more than 85 %. At the end of the experiment hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM) was the most prominent single compounds (18 µg g-1). Non-target screening showed a more complex picture. Another 25 transformation products (TPs) of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6-PPD) and 44 TPs and derivatives related to DPG were detected in solution, of which 11 and 28 were still present after or formed by biodegradation, respectively. Of these 39 TPs and derivatives, 31 could be detected in road runoff samples. This study provides a more comprehensive picture of the leachables of tire particles that are of environmental relevance. It also outlines that derivatives of tire additives formed during tire production and use may deserve more attention as leachables. The large extent of biodegradation of tire leachables suggests that settling ponds may be a useful treatment option for road runoff.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Foscari
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bettina Seiwert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Zahn
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Faramarzi P, Jang W, Oh D, Kim B, Kim JH, You JB. Microfluidic Detection and Analysis of Microplastics Using Surface Nanodroplets. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1489-1498. [PMID: 38440995 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Detection of microplastics from water is crucial for various reasons, such as food safety monitoring, monitoring of the fate and transport of microplastics, and development of preventive measures for their occurrence. Currently, microplastics are detected by isolating them using filtration, separation by centrifugation, or membrane filtration, subsequently followed by analysis using well-established analytical methods, such as Raman spectroscopy. However, due to their variability in shape, color, size, and density, isolation using the conventional methods mentioned above is cumbersome and time-consuming. In this work, we show a surface-nanodroplet-decorated microfluidic device for isolation and analysis of small microplastics (diameter of 10 μm) from water. Surface nanodroplets are able to capture nearby microplastics as water flows through the microfluidic device. Using a model microplastic solution, we show that microplastics of various sizes and types can be captured and visualized by using optical and fluorescence microscopy. More importantly, as the surface nanodroplets are pinned on the microfluidic channel, the captured microplastics can also be analyzed using a Raman spectroscope, which enables both physical (i.e., size and shape) and chemical (i.e., type) characterization of microplastics at a single-particle level. The technique shown here can be used as a simple, fast, and economical detection method for small microplastics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paniz Faramarzi
- Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonik Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyeon Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeunggon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyeon Kim
- Interface Materials and Chemical Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bem You
- Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dudefoi W, Ferrari BJD, Breider F, Masset T, Leger G, Vermeirssen E, Bergmann AJ, Schirmer K. Evaluation of tire tread particle toxicity to fish using rainbow trout cell lines. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168933. [PMID: 38042189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Tire and road wear particles (TRWP) resulting from tire abrasion while driving raise concerns due to their potential contribution to aquatic toxicity. Our study aimed to assess cryogenically milled tire tread (CMTT) particle toxicity, used as a proxy for TRWP, and associated chemicals to fish using two Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cell lines representing the gill (RTgill-W1) and the intestinal (RTgutGC) epithelium. CMTT toxicity was evaluated through several exposure pathways, including direct contact, leaching, and digestion, while also assessing the impact of particle aging. Following OECD TG249, cell viability was assessed after 24 h acute exposure using a multiple-endpoint assay indicative of cell metabolic activity, membrane integrity and lysosome integrity. In vitro EC50 values for the fish cell lines exceeded river TRWP concentrations (2.02 g/L and 4.65 g/L for RTgill-W1 and RTgutGC cell lines, respectively), and were similar to in vivo LC50 values estimated at 6 g/L. Although toxicity was mainly driven by the leaching of tire-associated chemicals, the presence of the particles contributed to the overall toxicity by inducing a continuous leaching, highlighting the importance of considering combined exposure scenarios. Aging and digestion conditions were also found to mediate CMTT toxicity. Thermooxidation resulted in a decreased chemical leaching and toxicity, while in vitro digestion under mimicked gastrointestinal conditions increased leaching and toxicity. Specific chemicals, especially Zn, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 1,3-diphenylguanidine, and N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) were identified as contributors to the overall toxicity. Although 6PPD-quinone was detected in CMTT digestate, cytotoxicity assays with RTgill-W1 and RTgutGC cell lines showed no toxicity up to 6 mg/L, supporting the notion of a specific mode of action of this chemical. This study provides insights into the toxicological mechanisms induced by tire particles and their associated chemicals and can help in the evaluation of potential risks to aquatic life associated with TRWP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Dudefoi
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Environmental Toxicology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - B J D Ferrari
- Ecotox Centre - EPFL ENAC IIE, GE, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ecotox Centre, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - F Breider
- EPFL, Central Environmental Laboratory, IIE, ENAC, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Masset
- EPFL, Central Environmental Laboratory, IIE, ENAC, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Leger
- EPFL, Central Environmental Laboratory, IIE, ENAC, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Vermeirssen
- Ecotox Centre, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A J Bergmann
- Ecotox Centre, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - K Schirmer
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Environmental Toxicology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; EPFL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; ETHZ, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Y, Lu Z, Zhang X, Wang J, Zhao S, Dai Y. Non-targeted analysis based on quantitative prediction and toxicity assessment for emerging contaminants in tire particle leachates. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117806. [PMID: 38043899 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-targeted analysis (NTA) has great potential to screen emerging contaminants in the environment, and some studies have conducted in-depth investigation on environmental samples. Here, we used a NTA workflow to identify emerging contaminants in used tire particle (TP) leachates, followed by quantitative prediction and toxicity assessment based on hazard scores. Tire particles were obtained from four different types of automobiles, representing the most common tires during daily transportation. With the instrumental analysis of TP leachates, a total of 244 positive and 104 negative molecular features were extracted from the mass data. After filtering by a specialized emerging contaminants list and matching by spectral databases, a total of 51 molecular features were tentatively identified as contaminants, including benzothiazole, hexaethylene glycol, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, etc. Given that these contaminants have different mass spectral responses in the mass spectrometry, models for predicting the response of contaminants were constructed based on machine learning algorithms, in this case random forest and artificial neural networks. After five-fold cross-validation, the random forest algorithm model had better prediction performance (MAECV = 0.12, Q2 = 0.90), and thus it was chosen to predict the contaminant concentrations. The prediction results showed that the contaminant at the highest concentration was benzothiazole, with 4,875 μg/L in the winter tire sample. In addition, the joint toxicity assessment of four types of tires was conducted in this study. According to different hazard levels, hazard scores increasing by a factor 10 were developed, and hazard scores of all the contaminants identified in each TP leachate were summed to obtain the total hazard score. All four tires were calculated to have relatively high risks, with winter tires having the highest total hazard score of 40,751. This study extended the application of NTA research and led to the direction of subsequent targeting studies on highly concentrated and toxic contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Li
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co. LTD., Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Zhibo Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co. LTD., Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Shuiqian Zhao
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co. LTD., Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Dai
- Academy of Interdisciplinary Studies, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ying L, Marques Dos Santos M, Jia S, Li C, Lee THY, Mensah AT, Snyder SA. Comparison of monochloramination and chlorination of 1,3-diphenylguandine (DPG): Kinetics, transformation products, and cell-based in-vitro testing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167743. [PMID: 37838050 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
As a widely used secondary vulcanization accelerator in the rubber industry, 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) poses risks to human health and the environment. To compare and comprehend the disinfection process of DPG, this work investigates the reaction kinetics, toxicity, and transformation products (TPs) of DPG during chlorination and monochloramination. It has been revealed that the reactivity of monochloramine is significantly slower compared to chlorination of DPG, with the maximum efficiency observed at pH 7 to pH 8. Cytotoxicity assessment using HepG2 and THP-1 cells reveals that cytotoxicity hierarchy is as follows: chlorine TPs > monochloramine TPs > DPG. Moreover, oxidant-to-DPG molar ratios 10 and 20 lead to higher cytotoxicity in both chlorination and monochloramination compared to ratio 5 and 100. Additionally, cell bioenergetics experiments demonstrate that chlorine and monochloramine TPs induce mitochondrial dysfunction and enhance glycolytic function in HepG2 cells. The genotoxic response from p53 signaling further suggested genotoxic effects of certain TPs. Furthermore, analysis of TPs using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) identifies ten TPs, with chlorination yielding more TPs than monochloramination. Generally, a chlorine or monochloramine molar ratio to DPG of 10-20 results in an increased formation of TPs and heightened cytotoxicity. Notably, higher oxidant molar ratios increased the formation of monoguanidine TPs and DPG hydroxylation during chlorination, whereas monochloramination lead to DPG substitution predominantly generating chlorinated DPG due to weaker oxidation effects. These findings provide valuable information for the appropriate treatment of DPG and disinfection processes in water facilities to mitigate potential risks to human health and the ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lebing Ying
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Mauricius Marques Dos Santos
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Shenglan Jia
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Caixia Li
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Theodora H Y Lee
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Anette Tele Mensah
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Shane Allen Snyder
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sun N, Wang J, Shi H, Li X, Guo S, Wang Y, Hu S, Liu R, Gao C. Compound effect and mechanism of oxidative damage induced by nanoplastics and benzo [a] pyrene. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132513. [PMID: 37708649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in soil environments. In order to objectively evaluate the toxic interaction between polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs) and benzo [a] pyrene (BaP), oxidative damage at the level of earthworm cells and biomacromolecules was investigated by experiments combined with molecular dynamics simulation. Studies on cells reveal that PS NPs and BaP had synergistic toxicity when it came to causing oxidative stress. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels under combined pollutant exposure were 24% and 19% higher, respectively than when PS NPs and BaP were exposed alone (compared to the blank group). In addition, BaP and PS NPs inhibited the ability of CAT to decompose H2O2 by affecting the structure of the proximal amino acid Tyr 357 in the active center of CAT, which exacerbated oxidative stress to a certain extent. Therefore, the synergistic toxic effect of BaP and PS NPs is due to the mutual complement of the two to the induction of protein structural looseness, and the strengthening of the stability of the conjugate (CAT-BaP-PS) under the weak interaction. This work provides a new perspective and approach on how to talk about the toxicity of combined pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Jinhu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong Province 277160, PR China
| | - Huijian Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Shuqi Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Yaoyue Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Shaoyang Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China.
| | - Canzhu Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu J, Feng Q, Yang H, Fan X, Jiang Y, Wu T. Acute toxicity of tire wear particles and leachate to Daphnia magna. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 272:109713. [PMID: 37544637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWP) are a new pollutant widely present in the environment, and have been identified as microplastics (MPs), which are receiving increasing attention due to their toxic effects on aquatic organisms. In this study, D. magna was used as test organism, and the leachate from TWP was prepared by hot water extraction for 30 (30-E) and 120 min (120-E). The acute toxic effects of particles and leachate on D. magna were studied under different exposure concentrations. The results showed that zinc and pyrene were the highest detected contaminants in the leachate. The 48 h-LC50 values for particles and leachate were determined to be 56.99, 461.30 (30-E), and 153.00 mg/L (120-E), respectively. Following a 48 h exposure period, the immobilization of D. magna exposed to the particles and their leachate were increased with the concentration increase. The physical damage of the gut was found to be a possible mechanism for particle-induced biotoxicity. The compounds leached from TWP were responsible for the acute toxicity of leachate. Particles usually demonstrated a greater degree of toxicity in comparison to their leachate, especially at environmentally relevant concentrations. Exposure to particles and leachate resulted in the inhibition of swimming speed, swimming acceleration, filtration rate, and ingestion rate in D. magna. Furthermore, thoracic limb activity was observed to be inhibited. The heart rate of D. magna was significantly increased by the presence of particles at a concentration of 200 mg/L and leachate at concentrations of 400 and 800 mg/L (120-E). The observed alterations in behavior and physiological endpoints may be related to oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in the organism. Reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activities indicated that D. magna may suffer from excessive oxidative stress, whereas the increase of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity may serve as a biomarker of susceptibility to evaluate the environmental risks of TWP and corresponding leachates as potential aquatic pollutants.. Therefore, a more comprehensive risk assessment of TWP in the environment is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Liu
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China; College of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221111, China
| | - Qiyan Feng
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.
| | - Haohan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
| | - Xiulei Fan
- College of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221111, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Xuzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221018, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Xuzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221018, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ding J, Lv M, Wang Q, Zhu D, Chen QL, Li XQ, Yu CP, Xu X, Chen L, Zhu YG. Brand-Specific Toxicity of Tire Tread Particles Helps Identify the Determinants of Toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11267-11278. [PMID: 37477285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of tire tread particles (TPs) has aroused increasing concerns over their impacts. However, how they affect the soil fauna remains poorly understood. Here, based on systematically assessing the toxicity of TPs on soil model speciesEnchytraeus crypticusat environmentally relevant concentrations through both soil and food exposure routes, we reported that TPs affected gut microbiota, intestinal histopathology, and metabolites of the worms both through particulate- and leachate-induced effects, while TP leachates exerted stronger effects. The dominant role of TP leachates in TP toxicity was further explained by the findings that worms did not ingest TPs with a particle size of over 150 μm and actively avoided consuming TP particles. Moreover, by comparing the effects of different brands of TPs as well as new and aged TPs, we demonstrated that it was mainly TP leachates that resulted in the ubiquity of the disturbance in the worm's gut microbiota among different brands of TPs. Notably, the large variations in leachate compositions among different brands of TPs provided us a unique opportunity to identify the determinants of TP toxicity. These results provide novel insights into the toxicity of TPs to soil fauna and a reference for toxicity reduction of tires.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ding
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Min Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Qiaoning Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qing-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Xiangrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li J, Xu J, Jiang X. Urban runoff mortality syndrome in zooplankton caused by tire wear particles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121721. [PMID: 37116570 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater runoff from roadways is a global threat to water quality, aquatic organisms, and ecosystems. Tire tread wear particles (TWP) from roadway runoff may lead to urban runoff mortality syndrome (URMS) in some aquatic organisms. We tested the hypothesis that urban runoff from roadways can kill zooplankton. Both roadway runoff and TWP leachate were acutely lethal to a model species, the water flea Daphnia pulex. Life table experiments further revealed the lowered survival rates, intrinsic rate of increase, average life span, and net productive rate of D. pulex when exposed to roadway runoff and TWP leachate. The tire rubber antioxidant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) mainly contributed to the TWP toxicity. The toxicity of TWP and 6PPD extracted varied with time in nature. Cladocerans and rotifers were more sensitive to TWP and 6PPD than copepods. These results demonstrate the presence of URMS in zooplankton, which may cascade through food webs and affect aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Li
- State Key Laboratory Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Xu
- State Key Laboratory Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Roubeau Dumont E, Gao X, Zheng J, Macairan J, Hernandez LM, Baesu A, Bayen S, Robinson SA, Ghoshal S, Tufenkji N. Unraveling the toxicity of tire wear contamination in three freshwater species: From chemical mixture to nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131402. [PMID: 37062096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tire wear particle (TWP) contamination is of growing concern as recent studies show the ubiquity and toxicity of this contaminant in various environmental compartments. The multidimensional aspect of TWPs makes it difficult to assess toxicity and predict impacts on ecosystems, as it combines a complex mixture of chemicals and can release micro- and nanoparticles when suspended in water. Our work aimed to shed light on the toxicity of the different components of TWP leachate, namely, the dissolved chemicals and the nanoparticle fractions, on three freshwater model species of different trophic levels: Chlorella vulgaris, Lemna minor, and Daphnia magna. Acute toxicity was observed for all three fractions in D. magna, and an additive effect was observed between the nanoparticles and dissolved chemicals. L. minor experienced phytotoxicity from the dissolved chemicals only with a decrease up to 50% in photosynthesis efficiency parameters. C. vulgaris showed minor signs of toxicity on apical endpoints in response to each of the fractions. Our study highlights that nanoparticles from TWP leachate that were mostly overlooked in several previous studies are as toxic as dissolved chemicals for the filter-feeder species D. magna, and we also show the toxicity to photosynthesis in aquatic plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Roubeau Dumont
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C5, Quebec, Canada.
| | - X Gao
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C3, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - J Macairan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - L M Hernandez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - A Baesu
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - S Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - S A Robinson
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Ottawa K1A 0H3, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Ghoshal
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C3, Quebec, Canada
| | - N Tufenkji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C5, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cao G, Zhang J, Wang W, Wu P, Ru Y, Cai Z. Mass spectrometry analysis of a ubiquitous tire rubber-derived quinone in the environment. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
20
|
Li K, Yu J, Chen X, Kong D, Peng Y, Xiu X, Su H, Yan L. Effects of tire wear particles with and without photoaging on anaerobic biofilm sulfide production in sewers and related mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136185. [PMID: 36030941 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWPs) are considered to be one of the major sources of microplastics (MPs) in sewers; however, little has been reported on the surface properties and photochemical behavior of TWPs, especially in terms of their environmental persistent radicals, leachate type, and response after photoaging. It is also unknown how TWPs influence the production of common pollutants (e.g., sulfides) in anaerobic biofilms in sewers. In our study, the effects of cryogenically milled tire treads (C-TWPs) and their corresponding photoaging products (photoaging-TWPs, A-TWPs) on anaerobic biofilm sulfide production in sewers and related mechanisms were studied. The results showed that the two TWPs at a low concentration (0.1 mg L-1) exerted no significant (p > 0.05) effects on sulfide yield, whereas exposure to a high concentration of TWPs (100 mg L-1) inversely affected sulfide yield, with A-TWPs exerting a significant inhibitory effect on sulfide yield in the sewers (p < 0.01). The main reason was that A-TWPs carried higher concentrations of reactive environmental persistent radicals on their surfaces after photoaging than C-TWPs, which could induce the formation of oxygen radicals. In addition, A-TWPs were more uniformly distributed in the wastewater system and could penetrate the biofilm to damage bacterial cells, and their ability to leach polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals such as zinc additives enhanced their toxic effects. In contrast, C-TWPs contributed significantly to sulfide production (p < 0.01), primarily because of their low biotoxicity, ability to leach a considerable amount of sulfide, and stimulatory effect on anaerobic biofilm surface sulfate-reducing bacteria. Our study complements the toxicity studies of the TWPs particles themselves and provides insight on a new influencing factor for determining the changes in sulfide generation and control measures in sewers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Jianghua Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Xingyue Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Deyue Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yonghong Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Xiaojia Xiu
- Changwang School of Honors, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Han Su
- Changwang School of Honors, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Liankang Yan
- School of Applied Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Masset T, Ferrari BJD, Dudefoi W, Schirmer K, Bergmann A, Vermeirssen E, Grandjean D, Harris LC, Breider F. Bioaccessibility of Organic Compounds Associated with Tire Particles Using a Fish In Vitro Digestive Model: Solubilization Kinetics and Effects of Food Coingestion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15607-15616. [PMID: 36315940 PMCID: PMC9670851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tire and road wear particles (TRWP) account for an important part of the polymer particles released into the environment. There are scientific knowledge gaps as to the potential bioaccessibility of chemicals associated with TRWP to aquatic organisms. This study investigated the solubilization and bioaccessibility of seven of the most widely used tire-associated organic chemicals and four of their degradation products from cryogenically milled tire tread (CMTT) into fish digestive fluids using an in vitro digestion model based on Oncorhynchus mykiss. Our results showed that 0.06-44.1% of the selected compounds were rapidly solubilized into simulated gastric and intestinal fluids within a typical gut transit time for fish (3 h in gastric and 24 h in intestinal fluids). The environmentally realistic scenario of coingestion of CMTT and fish prey was explored using ground Gammarus pulex. Coingestion caused compound-specific changes in solubilization, either increasing or decreasing the compounds' bioaccessibility in simulated gut fluids compared to CMTT alone. Our results emphasize that tire-associated compounds become accessible in a digestive milieu and should be studied further with respect to their bioaccumulation and toxicological effects upon passage of intestinal epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Masset
- Central Environmental
Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ENAC, EPFL—Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benoit J. D. Ferrari
- Ecotox Centre—EPFL
ENAC IIE, GE, Station
2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ecotox Centre, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - William Dudefoi
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag—Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag—Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Environmental Engineering,
ENAC, EPFL—Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Station
2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant
Dynamics, ETHZ, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alan Bergmann
- Ecotox Centre, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Dominique Grandjean
- Central Environmental
Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ENAC, EPFL—Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luke Christopher Harris
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering,
SB, EPFL—Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Station
6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Breider
- Central Environmental
Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ENAC, EPFL—Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Trudsø LL, Nielsen MB, Hansen SF, Syberg K, Kampmann K, Khan FR, Palmqvist A. The need for environmental regulation of tires: Challenges and recommendations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119974. [PMID: 35995286 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The interest in tire wear particles (TWPs), generated from abrasion of tires, have gained traction over the past few years, both in regards to quantifying particulate emissions, leaching of different compounds, toxicity, and analytical methods. The life of a tire, from cradle to end-of-life, crosses over different scenarios during its lifetime and transcends environmental compartments and legislative areas, underlining the need for a collective approach. Sustainability for a tire encompasses the use of raw materials, recycling of raw materials, circular economy and material sourcing. The tire industry is currently making significant efforts towards a greener and more sustainable production considering reduction of CO2-emissions, recycling, material sources and implementing the use of biomass from plants rather than oil-derived alternatives. In this paper, we aim to analyze and discuss the need for environmental regulation of tires in order to provide a series of targeted recommendations for future legislation. Our study shows that the numerous regulations related to tires focus on chemicals, manufacturing, raw materials, use of tires on roads, waste handling, safety and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different life cycle stages of a tire. However, none directly addresses the contribution of TWPs to the environment. Despite the overall good intentions of the existing regulations, there is a lack of focus on the compounds that partition from the tire and disperse in the environment, their mixture effects, and the transformative products from the parent compounds in the environment. Therefore, a renewed focus is needed on risk assessment of complex mixtures like TWPs. Thus, transparency in regard to use of chemicals in TWP, mixtures, minimization of emissions, and capture of particulate pollution should be a priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Lynn Trudsø
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Dansk Miljøanalyse (Danish Environmental Analysis), Skelstedet 5, Trørød, 2950, Vedbæk, Denmark.
| | - Maria Bille Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Steffen Foss Hansen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Kristian Syberg
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Kristoffer Kampmann
- Dansk Miljøanalyse (Danish Environmental Analysis), Skelstedet 5, Trørød, 2950, Vedbæk, Denmark.
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), Nygårdsporten 112, NO-5008, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Annemette Palmqvist
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kaur H, Rawat D, Poria P, Sharma U, Gibert Y, Ethayathulla AS, Dumée LF, Sharma RS, Mishra V. Ecotoxic effects of microplastics and contaminated microplastics - Emerging evidence and perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 841:156593. [PMID: 35690218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The high prevalence and persistence of microplastics (MPs) in pristine habitats along with their accumulation across environmental compartments globally, has become a matter of grave concern. The resilience conferred to MPs using the material engineering approaches for outperforming other materials has become key to the challenge that they now represent. The characteristics that make MPs hazardous are their micro to nano scale dimensions, surface varied wettability and often hydrophobicity, leading to non-biodegradability. In addition, MPs exhibit a strong tendency to bind to other contaminants along with the ability to sustain extreme chemical conditions thus increasing their residence time in the environment. Adsorption of these co-contaminants leads to modification in toxicity varying from additive, synergistic, and sometimes antagonistic, having consequences on flora, fauna, and ultimately the end of the food chain, human health. The resulting environmental fate and associated risks of MPs, therefore greatly depend upon their complex interactions with the co-contaminants and the nature of the environment in which they reside. Net outcomes of such complex interactions vary with core characteristics of MPs, the properties of co-contaminants and the abiotic factors, and are required to be better understood to minimize the inherent risks. Toxicity assays addressing these concerns should be ecologically relevant, assessing the impacts at different levels of biological organization to develop an environmental perspective. This review analyzed and evaluated 171 studies to present research status on MP toxicity. This analysis supported the identification and development of research gaps and recommended priority areas of research, accounting for disproportionate risks faced by different countries. An ecological perspective is also developed on the environmental toxicity of contaminated MPs in the light of multi-variant stressors and directions are provided to conduct an ecologically relevant risk assessment. The presented analyses will also serve as a foundation for developing environmentally appropriate remediation methods and evaluation frameworks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harveen Kaur
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Deepak Rawat
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Department of Environmental Studies, Janki Devi, Memorial College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110060, India
| | - Pankaj Poria
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Udita Sharma
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Yann Gibert
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | | | - Ludovic F Dumée
- Khalifa University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Research and Innovation Center on CO(2) and Hydrogen, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Radhey Shyam Sharma
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Delhi School of Climate Change & Sustainability, Institute of Eminence, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Vandana Mishra
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ding J, Meng F, Chen H, Chen Q, Hu A, Yu CP, Chen L, Lv M. Leachable Additives of Tire Particles Explain the Shift in Microbial Community Composition and Function in Coastal Sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12257-12266. [PMID: 35960262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Massive microplastics are deposited in the coastal zone. Tire particles (TPs) are an important microplastic source, but little is known about how TPs affect the microbial community composition and function in coastal sediments and the role leachable additives play in TP toxicity. Here, a microcosm experiment was performed using coastal sediments amended with different doses of TPs and with their leachable additives to investigate their effects on the sediment microbial community composition and function. Environmentally relevant concentrations of TPs can change the microbial community structure, decrease community diversity, and inhibit nutrient cycling processes, including carbon fixation and degradation, nitrification, denitrification, and sulfur cycling in sediments. Notably, the raw TP and leachate treatments showed consistent effects. A variety of additives were found in the pore water of sediment, and they could explain over 90% of the variations of the community structure. Further modeling revealed that leachable additives not only directly influenced community function but also indirectly affected community diversity and function by shifting the community structure. In addition, rare taxa could be crucial mediators of ecological functions of sediment microbial community. Combined, this study provides novel insights into the role of TPs' leachable additives in affecting sediment microbial community and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ding
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Fanyu Meng
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Han Chen
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Qinglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Anyi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Min Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai 264003, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tallec K, Gabriele M, Paul-Pont I, Alunno-Bruscia M, Huvet A. Tire rubber chemicals reduce juvenile oyster (Crassostrea gigas) filtration and respiration under experimental conditions. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 181:113936. [PMID: 35850084 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tires can release a large number of chemical compounds that are potentially hazardous for aquatic organisms. An ecophysiological system was used to do high-frequency monitoring of individual clearance, respiration rates, and absorption efficiency of juvenile oysters (8 months old) gradually exposed to four concentrations of tire leachates (equivalent masses: 0, 1, 10, and 100 μg tire mL-1). Leachates significantly reduced clearance (52 %) and respiration (16 %) rates from 1 μg mL-1, while no effect was observed on the absorption efficiency. These results suggest that tire leachates affect oyster gills, which are the organ of respiration and food retention as well as the first barrier against contaminants. Calculations of scope for growth suggested a disruption of the energy balance with a significant reduction of 57 %. Because energy balance directs whole-organism functions (e.g., growth, reproductive outputs), the present study calls for an investigation of the long-term consequences of chemicals released by tires.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tallec
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Marta Gabriele
- Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | - Arnaud Huvet
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hiki K, Yamamoto H. Concentration and leachability of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its quinone transformation product (6PPD-Q) in road dust collected in Tokyo, Japan. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 302:119082. [PMID: 35245619 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A recently identified chemical, 2-((4-Methylpentan-2-yl)amino)-5-(phenylamino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (6PPD-quinone; 6PPD-Q), is a transformation product of an additive used in the manufacture of tire rubber and causes acute lethality in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in urban watersheds. Despite its potential presence and ecotoxicity in receiving waters worldwide, information on the occurrence and fate of 6PPD-Q is limited. Here, we investigated the concentrations of 6PPD-Q and its parent chemical, 6PPD, in road dust collected from arterial and residential roads in Tokyo, Japan from May to October 2021. 6PPD-Q concentrations were highest from May to June, when atmospheric ozone concentrations are the highest in Japan; a correlation between 6PPD-Q and photochemical oxidants, as an alternative to ozone, corroborated this finding. We also found that 6PPD-Q concentrations at photochemical oxidant concentrations ranging from 35 to 47 ppbv were higher in dust collected from roads with high traffic volumes (i.e., arterial roads; median: 8.6 μg/g-OC) than in dust collected from roads with lower traffic volumes (i.e., residential roads; median: 6.3 μg/g-OC), indicating that 6PPD-Q is generated from traffic-related sources. We also found that 6PPD-Q was leached from dust particles within a few hours, with a log partitioning coefficient between organic carbon and water (KOC) of 3.2-3.5. The present results will help to understand the environmental occurrence, fate, and behavior of 6PPD-Q.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoshiro Hiki
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chibwe L, Parrott JL, Shires K, Khan H, Clarence S, Lavalle C, Sullivan C, O'Brien AM, De Silva AO, Muir DC, Rochman CM. A Deep Dive into the Complex Chemical Mixture and Toxicity of Tire Wear Particle Leachate in Fathead Minnow. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1144-1153. [PMID: 34125977 PMCID: PMC9291566 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The ecological impact of tire wear particles in aquatic ecosystems is a growing environmental concern. We combined toxicity testing, using fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) embryos, with nontarget high-resolution liquid chromatography Orbitrap mass spectrometry to characterize the toxicity and chemical mixture of organic chemicals associated with tire particle leachates. We assessed: 1) exposure to tire particle leachates after leaching for 1-, 3-, and 10-d; and 2) the effect of the presence and absence of small tire particulates in the leachates. We observed a decrease in embryonic heart rates, hatching success, and lengths, as well as an increase in the number of embryos with severe deformities and diminished eye and body pigmentation, after exposure to the leachates. Overall, there was a pattern whereby we observed more toxicity in the 10-d leachates, and greater toxicity in unfiltered leachates. Redundancy analysis showed that several benzothiazoles and aryl-amines were correlated with the toxic effects observed in the embryos. These included benzothiazole, 2-aminobenzothiazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, N,N'-diphenylguanidine, and N,N'-diphenylurea. However, many other chemicals characterized as unknowns are likely to also play a key role in the adverse effects observed. Our study provides insight into the types of chemicals likely to be important toxicological drivers in tire leachates, and improves our understanding of the ecotoxicological impacts of tire wear particles. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1144-1153. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Chibwe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto, TorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Joanne L. Parrott
- Aquatic Contaminants Research DivisionEnvironment & Climate Change Canada, BurlingtonOntarioCanada
| | - Kallie Shires
- Aquatic Contaminants Research DivisionEnvironment & Climate Change Canada, BurlingtonOntarioCanada
| | - Hufsa Khan
- Aquatic Contaminants Research DivisionEnvironment & Climate Change Canada, BurlingtonOntarioCanada
| | - Stacey Clarence
- Aquatic Contaminants Research DivisionEnvironment & Climate Change Canada, BurlingtonOntarioCanada
| | - Christine Lavalle
- Aquatic Contaminants Research DivisionEnvironment & Climate Change Canada, BurlingtonOntarioCanada
| | - Cheryl Sullivan
- Aquatic Contaminants Research DivisionEnvironment & Climate Change Canada, BurlingtonOntarioCanada
| | - Anna M. O'Brien
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto, TorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Amila O. De Silva
- Aquatic Contaminants Research DivisionEnvironment & Climate Change Canada, BurlingtonOntarioCanada
| | - Derek C.G. Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research DivisionEnvironment & Climate Change Canada, BurlingtonOntarioCanada
| | - Chelsea M. Rochman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto, TorontoOntarioCanada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tallec K, Huvet A, Yeuc'h V, Le Goïc N, Paul-Pont I. Chemical effects of different types of rubber-based products on early life stages of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:127883. [PMID: 34863561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rubber products and debris with specific chemical signatures can release their constitutive compounds into the surrounding environment. We investigated the chemical toxicity of different types of new and used rubber products (tires, crumb rubber granulates, aquaculture rubber bands) on early life stages of a model marine organism, Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Leachates obtained from used products were generally less toxic than those from new ones. Leachates from new products induced embryotoxicity at different concentrations: oyster-farming rubber bands (lowest observed effect concentration, LOEC = 1 g L-1) and crumb rubber granulates (LOEC = 1 g L-1) > tires (LOEC = 10 g L-1). Moreover, new oyster-farming rubber bands induced spermiotoxicity at 10 g L-1 (-29% survival) resulting in decreased oyster reproductive output (-17% fertilization yield). Targeted chemical analyses revealed some compounds (2 mineral contaminants, 15 PAHs, 2 PCBs) in leachates, which may have played a role. Rubber used in marine aquaculture (rubber bands) or present at sea as waste (tire, crumb rubber granulates) therefore release hazardous chemical molecules under realistic conditions, which may affect oyster development. Aquaculture development work is necessary to improve practices for eco-safety, as efforts to limit the contamination of marine environments by terrestrial rubber debris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tallec
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Valérie Yeuc'h
- LABOCEA, 120 avenue de Rochon, CS10052, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Nelly Le Goïc
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ding J, Liu C, Chen Q, Zhang Z, Han J, Liang A, Zhu D, Wang H, Lv M, Chen L. Extractable additives in microplastics: A hidden threat to soil fauna. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118647. [PMID: 34890742 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have become an emerging threat for organisms. However, the toxicity mechanisms on biota, especially soil biota remain largely unclear. This study distinguished the effects of five types of MPs and their extractable additives on a typical soil oligochaete Enchytraeus crypticus using a traditional ecotoxicological approach combined with gut microbiota analysis. A variety of inorganic and organic compounds were screened in extractable solutions. Both MPs and their extractable additives decreased the growth and survival rates of the worms and shifted the gut microbiota, and the effects were type-specific. The differences between the effects of MPs and their extractable additives on traditional ecotoxicological parameters were insignificant, suggesting that extractable additives were the main toxicity pathways on soil fauna. The type-specific effects of MPs were attributed to the varied chemical compositions of extractable additives, and the compounds responsible for the shift of gut microbiota were further identified. The distinguishable effects on gut microbiota between MPs and their extractable additives together with the significant regressions between gut microbiota and traditional ecotoxicological parameters confirmed that gut microbiota could be a more sensitive indicator of organism's health conditions. Combined, the study provided an important insight into the toxicity mechanisms of MPs on soil fauna and extractable additives of MPs may be a hidden threat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ding
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Chenxu Liu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Qifang Chen
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Jinglong Han
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Aiping Liang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Min Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Yantai, 264003, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wagner S, Klöckner P, Reemtsma T. Aging of tire and road wear particles in terrestrial and freshwater environments - A review on processes, testing, analysis and impact. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132467. [PMID: 34624341 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The environmental fate of tire and road wear particles (TRWPs) receives increasing attention due to the per capita emission volumes of 0.2-5.5 kg/(cap year) and recent reports on the environmental hazard of TRWP constituents. It is expected that aging impacts TRWPs fate in the environment but detailed knowledge is quite limited, yet. Making use of information on tire aging, the available knowledge on environmental aging processes such as thermooxidation, photooxidation, ozonolysis, shear stress, biodegradation and leaching is reviewed here. Experimental techniques to simulate aging are addressed as are analytical techniques to determine aging induced changes of TRWPs, covering physical and chemical properties. The suitability of various tire wear test materials is discussed. Findings and methods from tire aging can be partially applied to study aging of TRWPs in the environment. There is a complex interplay between aging processes in the environment that needs to be considered in future aging studies. In addition to existing basic qualitative understanding of the aging processes, quantitative understanding of TRWP aging is largely lacking. Aging in the environment needs to consider the TRWPs as well as chemicals released. Next steps for filling the gaps in knowledge on aging of TRWPs in the environment are elaborated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Wagner
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hof, Institut für Wasser und Energiemanagement, Alfons-Goppel-Platz 1, 95028, Hof, Germany.
| | - Philipp Klöckner
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Umweltbundesamt, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Linnéstrasse 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Johannessen C, Helm P, Lashuk B, Yargeau V, Metcalfe CD. The Tire Wear Compounds 6PPD-Quinone and 1,3-Diphenylguanidine in an Urban Watershed. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 82:171-179. [PMID: 34347118 PMCID: PMC8335451 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Prompted by a recent report that 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-q), a by-product of a common tire manufacturing additive that is present in road runoff, is toxic to coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), extracts of water samples collected from an urban river were re-analyzed to determine if this compound was present in stormwater-influenced flows. In addition, extracts were analyzed for 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), which is also used in tire manufacturing. Samples were originally collected in the fall of 2019 and winter of 2020 in the Greater Toronto Area of Canada from the Don River, a highly urbanized watershed in close proximity to several major multi-lane highways. These target compounds were analyzed using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometric detection with parallel reaction monitoring. Both 6PPD-q and DPG were detected above limits of quantification (i.e., 0.0098 µg/L) in all extracts. Maximum concentrations for 6PPD-quinone of 2.30 ± 0.05 µg/L observed in the river during storm events exceeded the LC50 for this compound for coho salmon (i.e., > 0.8 µg/L). In composite samples collected at intervals throughout one rain event, both compounds reached peak concentrations a few hours after initiation of the event (i.e., 0.52 µg/L for DPG and 2.85 µg/L for 6PPD-q), but the concentrations of 6PPD-q remained elevated above 2 µg/L for over 10-h in the middle of the event. Estimates of cumulative loads of these compounds in composite samples indicated that kg amounts of these compounds entered the Don River during each hydrological event, and the loads were proportional to the amounts of precipitation. This study contributes to the growing literature indicating that potentially toxic tire-wear compounds are present at elevated levels and are transported via road runoff into urban surface waters during rain events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Helm
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brent Lashuk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Viviane Yargeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chris D Metcalfe
- Water Quality Center, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kim L, Kim D, Kim SA, Kim H, Lee TY, An YJ. Are your shoes safe for the environment? - Toxicity screening of leachates from microplastic fragments of shoe soles using freshwater organisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126779. [PMID: 34352528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the toxic effects of leachates from microplastic fragments of soles from four different types of shoes (slippers, trekking shoes, running shoes, and sneakers) on three aquatic organisms (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Daphnia magna, and Danio rerio). The chemical components in each leachate were identified; furthermore, chlorophyll a contents of C. reinhardtii were measured, and immobilization of D. magna and deformities in D. rerio were observed. The abnormalities observed in the test species exposed to the leachates were compared and chemical compounds majorly influencing the species were determined by principal component analysis (PCA). Sneaker leachate showed growth inhibitions in C. reinhardtii, immobility and mortality in D. magna, and severe abnormalities in D. rerio. Consequently, aquatic toxicity was majorly associated with benzothiazole, carbon disulfide, ethyl acetate, and p-xylene. The results showed that toxic chemicals could leach from load-originated microplastics when exposed to aquatic media, and consequently, induce significant negative effects on aquatic organisms. Since microplastics from shoe soles discharge the above-mentioned toxic chemicals, regulating the chemical use during plastic production is critical to prevent severe effects of microplastic toxicity in aquatic organisms, and to maintain the health of aquatic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lia Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyung Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang A Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Haemi Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yang Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
O'Brien AM, Lins TF, Yang Y, Frederickson ME, Sinton D, Rochman CM. Microplastics shift impacts of climate change on a plant-microbe mutualism: Temperature, CO 2, and tire wear particles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111727. [PMID: 34339696 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic stressors can affect individual species and alter species interactions. Moreover, species interactions or the presence of multiple stressors can modify the stressor effects, yet most work focuses on single stressors and single species. Plant-microbe interactions are a class of species interactions on which ecosystems and agricultural systems depend, yet may be affected by multiple global change stressors. Here, we use duckweed and microbes from its microbiome to model responses of interacting plants and microbes to multiple stressors: climate change and tire wear particles. Climate change is occurring globally, and microplastic tire wear particles from roads now reach many ecosystems. We paired perpendicular gradients of temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) treatments with factorial manipulation of leachate from tire wear particles and duckweed microbiomes. We found that tire leachate and warmer temperatures enhanced duckweed and microbial growth, but caused effects of microbes on duckweed to become negative. However, induced negative effects of microbes were less than additive with warming and leachate. Without tire leachate, we observed that higher CO2 and temperature induced positive correlations between duckweed and microbial growth, which can strengthen mutualisms. In contrast, with tire leachate, growth correlations were never positive, and shifted negative at lower CO2, again suggesting leachate disrupts this plant-microbiome mutualism. In summary, our results demonstrate that multiple interacting stressors can affect multiple interacting species, and that leachate from tire wear particles could potentially disrupt plant-microbe mutualisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M O'Brien
- Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Ontario, Canada; Dept. of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Tiago F Lins
- Dept. of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yamin Yang
- Dept. of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan E Frederickson
- Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Sinton
- Dept. of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chelsea M Rochman
- Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Johannessen C, Helm P, Metcalfe CD. Detection of selected tire wear compounds in urban receiving waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117659. [PMID: 34426371 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Road runoff is an important vector for the transport of chemicals originating from tire wear into receiving waters. In this study, samples of surface water were collected in the summer of 2020 from two rivers near high-traffic corridors in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) in Canada. These samples were analyzed for two additives used in tire production, 1,3-diphenyl guanidine (DPG) and hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM), as well 26 of the transformation compounds of HMMM. In addition, samples were analyzed for 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-q), an oxidation by-product of a tire additive that was recently identified as a candidate compound responsible for mass mortalities of Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in spawning streams in the USA. Grab and composite samples were collected during rain events (i.e., wet events) at both locations. Grab samples were collected from the Don River upstream, downstream and at the point of discharge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) during a period of dry weather. Of the target analytes, 6PPD-q, DPG and HMMM, as well as 15 of the transformation compounds of HMMM, were detected at concentrations above limits of quantitation. The concentrations of 6PPD-q in the receiving waters during wet events were within the range of the LC50 for adult Coho salmon. One of the transformation products (TPs) of HMMM, dimethoxymethylmelamine was detected in a composite sample from Highland Creek at an estimated concentration greater than 10 μg/L, indicating that more research is needed to evaluate the potential hazards to the aquatic environment from this compound. Sampling in the Don River during a dry period showed that discharges of wastewater from WWTPs are also continuous sources of the TPs of HMMM. This study contributes to the growing literature showing that chemicals derived from tire wear are ubiquitous in urban watersheds and may be a significant hazard to aquatic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Helm
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chris D Metcalfe
- Water Quality Center, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
McIntyre JK, Prat J, Cameron J, Wetzel J, Mudrock E, Peter KT, Tian Z, Mackenzie C, Lundin J, Stark JD, King K, Davis JW, Kolodziej EP, Scholz NL. Treading Water: Tire Wear Particle Leachate Recreates an Urban Runoff Mortality Syndrome in Coho but Not Chum Salmon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:11767-11774. [PMID: 34410108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Tire tread wear particles (TWP) are increasingly recognized as a global pollutant of surface waters, but their impact on biota in receiving waters is rarely addressed. In the developed U.S. Pacific Northwest, acute mortality of adult coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) follows rain events and is correlated with roadway density. Roadway runoff experimentally triggers behavioral symptoms and associated changes in blood indicative of cardiorespiratory distress prior to death. Closely related chum salmon (O. keta) lack an equivalent response. Acute mortality of juvenile coho was recently experimentally linked to a transformation product of a tire-derived chemical. We evaluated whether TWP leachate is sufficient to trigger the acute mortality syndrome in adult coho salmon. We characterized the acute response of adult coho and chum salmon to TWP leachate (survival, behavior, blood physiology) and compared it with that caused by roadway runoff. TWP leachate was acutely lethal to coho at concentrations similar to roadway runoff, with the same behaviors and blood parameters impacted. As with runoff, chum salmon appeared insensitive to TWP leachate at concentrations lethal to coho. Our results confirm that environmentally relevant TWP exposures cause acute mortalities of a keystone aquatic species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer K McIntyre
- Washington State University, School of the Environment, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | - Jasmine Prat
- Washington State University, School of the Environment, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | - James Cameron
- Ocean Associates, under contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Jillian Wetzel
- Washington State University, School of the Environment, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | - Emma Mudrock
- Washington State University, School of the Environment, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | - Katherine T Peter
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
| | - Zhenyu Tian
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
| | - Cailin Mackenzie
- Washington State University, School of the Environment, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | - Jessica Lundin
- National Research Council Research Associateship Program, Under contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98112 United States
| | - John D Stark
- Washington State University, Washington Stormwater Center, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | - Kennith King
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Environmental Contaminants Program, Lacey, Washington 98503 United States
| | - Jay W Davis
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Environmental Contaminants Program, Lacey, Washington 98503 United States
| | - Edward P Kolodziej
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
| | - Nathaniel L Scholz
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sarker I, Moore LR, Tetu SG. Investigating zinc toxicity responses in marine Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2021; 167. [PMID: 34170816 PMCID: PMC8374608 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Marine plastic pollution is a growing concern worldwide and has the potential to impact marine life via leaching of chemicals, with zinc (Zn), a common plastic additive, observed at particularly high levels in plastic leachates in previous studies. At this time, however, little is known regarding how elevated Zn affects key groups of marine primary producers. Marine cyanobacterial genera Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus are considered to be some of the most abundant oxygenic phototrophs on earth, and together contribute significantly to oceanic primary productivity. Here we set out to investigate how two Prochlorococcus (MIT9312 and NATL2A) and two Synechococcus (CC9311 and WH8102) strains, representative of diverse ecological niches, respond to exposure to high Zn concentrations. The two genera showed differences in the timing and degree of growth and physiological responses to elevated Zn levels, with Prochlorococcus strains showing declines in their growth rate and photophysiology following exposure to 27 µg l-1 Zn, while Synechococcus CC9311 and WH8102 growth rates declined significantly on exposure to 52 and 152 µg l-1 Zn, respectively. Differences were also observed in each strain's capacity to maintain cell wall integrity on exposure to different levels of Zn. Our results indicate that excess Zn has the potential to pose a challenge to some marine picocyanobacteria and highlights the need to better understand how different marine Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus strains may respond to increasing concentrations of Zn in some marine regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Sarker
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,MQ Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lisa R Moore
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sasha G Tetu
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,MQ Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Huang D, Tao J, Cheng M, Deng R, Chen S, Yin L, Li R. Microplastics and nanoplastics in the environment: Macroscopic transport and effects on creatures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124399. [PMID: 33191019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Industrial progress has brought us an important polymer material, i.e. plastic. Because of mass production and use, and improper management and disposal, plastic pollution has become one of the most pivotal environmental issues in the world today. However, the current researches on microplastics/nanoplastics are mainly focused on individual aquatic, terrestrial and atmospheric environments, ignoring the fact that the natural environment is a whole. In this regard, the transport of microplastics/nanoplastics among the three environment compartments, including reciprocal contributions and inherent connections, and the impact of microplastics/nanoplastics on organisms living in multiple environments are research problems that we pay special attention to. Furthermore, this paper comprehensively reviews the transport and distribution of microplastics/nanoplastics in individual compartments and the toxicity of organisms, either alone or in combination with other pollutants. The properties of microplastics/nanoplastics, environment condition and the growth habit of organisms are critical to the transport, distribution and toxicity of microplastics/nanoplastics. These knowledge gaps need to be addressed urgently to improve cognition of the degree of plastic pollution and enhance our ability to deal with pollution. Meanwhile, it is hoped that the paper can provide a relatively complete theoretical knowledge system and multiple "leads" for future innovative ideas in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danlian Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Jiaxi Tao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Min Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Rui Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Sha Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Lingshi Yin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Ruijin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Huang W, Song B, Liang J, Niu Q, Zeng G, Shen M, Deng J, Luo Y, Wen X, Zhang Y. Microplastics and associated contaminants in the aquatic environment: A review on their ecotoxicological effects, trophic transfer, and potential impacts to human health. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124187. [PMID: 33153780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The microplastic pollution and related ecological impacts in the aquatic environment have attracted global attention over the past decade. Microplastics can be ingested by aquatic organisms from different trophic levels either directly or indirectly, and transferred along aquatic food chains, causing different impacts on life activities of aquatic organisms. In addition, microplastics can adsorb various environmental chemical contaminants and release toxic plastic additives, thereby serving as a sink and source of these associated chemical contaminants and potentially changing their toxicity, bioavailability, and fate. However, knowledge regarding the potential risks of microplastics and associated chemical contaminants (e.g., hydrophobic organic contaminants, heavy metals, plastic additives) on diverse organisms, especially top predators, remains to be explored. Herein, this review describes the effects of microplastics on typical aquatic organisms from different trophic levels, and systematically summarizes the combined effects of microplastics and associated contaminants on aquatic biota. Furthermore, we highlight the research progress on trophic transfer of microplastics and associated contaminants along aquatic food chain. Finally, potential human health concerns about microplastics via the food chain and dietary exposure are discussed. This work is expected to provide a meaningful perspective for better understanding the potential impacts of microplastics and associated contaminants on aquatic ecology and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Biao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qiuya Niu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Maocai Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jiaqin Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yuan Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Wen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Halle LL, Palmqvist A, Kampmann K, Jensen A, Hansen T, Khan FR. Tire wear particle and leachate exposures from a pristine and road-worn tire to Hyalella azteca: Comparison of chemical content and biological effects. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 232:105769. [PMID: 33561741 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tire emissions have emerged as an environmental contaminant of concern. To fully understand their effects to biota, research is needed from different stages of a tire's lifecycle. In this study we exposed freshwater Hyalella azteca to tire wear particles (TWPs) as particle suspensions or their respective chemical leachates (the chemicals released from tire particles into water) from a pristine (P-TWP) and worn (W-TWP) tire of same make and model. Acute and long-term toxicity experiments on H. azteca showed that P-TWP suspensions were more toxic than W-TWP suspensions with estimated LC50 values of 364 ± 64 particles (0.19 ± 0.03 g L-1) and 3073 ± 211 particles (0.91 ± 0.06 g L-1), respectively. However, leachates from W- and P-TWPs appeared equally toxic, but did not conform to a sigmoidal dose-response pattern and LC50 values could not be derived. In long-term tests (21 d) P-TWP suspensions showed no significant effects on H. azteca mortality (p = 0.970) or reproduction (p = 0.123), but growth was significantly reduced (p = 0.003) at the highest concentration tested (250 particles mL-1 or 0.127 g L-1). Chemical analysis of both particle types and their leachates showed that four compounds, benzothiazole, 1-indanone, aluminum and zinc, consistently leached from TWPs into water. Analysis of the two TWPs showed a difference in the concentration of the various compounds. Specifically, P-TWPs contained significantly more 1-octanethiol, phenanthrene, anthracene and aluminum than W-TWPs, suggesting that they are possible candidates for the increased toxicity observed following P-TWP exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise L Halle
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Dansk Miljøanalyse (Danish Environmental Analysis), Skelstedet 5, Trørød, 2950 Vedbæk, Denmark.
| | - Annemette Palmqvist
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Kristoffer Kampmann
- Dansk Miljøanalyse (Danish Environmental Analysis), Skelstedet 5, Trørød, 2950 Vedbæk, Denmark.
| | - Anders Jensen
- Dansk Miljøanalyse (Danish Environmental Analysis), Skelstedet 5, Trørød, 2950 Vedbæk, Denmark.
| | - Tobias Hansen
- Dansk Miljøanalyse (Danish Environmental Analysis), Skelstedet 5, Trørød, 2950 Vedbæk, Denmark.
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tian Z, Zhao H, Peter KT, Gonzalez M, Wetzel J, Wu C, Hu X, Prat J, Mudrock E, Hettinger R, Cortina AE, Biswas RG, Kock FVC, Soong R, Jenne A, Du B, Hou F, He H, Lundeen R, Gilbreath A, Sutton R, Scholz NL, Davis JW, Dodd MC, Simpson A, McIntyre JK, Kolodziej EP. A ubiquitous tire rubber-derived chemical induces acute mortality in coho salmon. Science 2021; 371:185-189. [PMID: 33273063 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd6951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In U.S. Pacific Northwest coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), stormwater exposure annually causes unexplained acute mortality when adult salmon migrate to urban creeks to reproduce. By investigating this phenomenon, we identified a highly toxic quinone transformation product of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), a globally ubiquitous tire rubber antioxidant. Retrospective analysis of representative roadway runoff and stormwater-affected creeks of the U.S. West Coast indicated widespread occurrence of 6PPD-quinone (<0.3 to 19 micrograms per liter) at toxic concentrations (median lethal concentration of 0.8 ± 0.16 micrograms per liter). These results reveal unanticipated risks of 6PPD antioxidants to an aquatic species and imply toxicological relevance for dissipated tire rubber residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Tian
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
| | - Haoqi Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Katherine T Peter
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
| | - Melissa Gonzalez
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
| | - Jill Wetzel
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Puyallup, WA 98371, USA
| | - Christopher Wu
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
| | - Ximin Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jasmine Prat
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Puyallup, WA 98371, USA
| | - Emma Mudrock
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Puyallup, WA 98371, USA
| | - Rachel Hettinger
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
| | - Allan E Cortina
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
| | - Rajshree Ghosh Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | | | - Ronald Soong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Amy Jenne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Bowen Du
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA
| | - Fan Hou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Huan He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rachel Lundeen
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
| | - Alicia Gilbreath
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Avenue, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Rebecca Sutton
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Avenue, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Nathaniel L Scholz
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Jay W Davis
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington Fish and Wildlife Office, Lacey, WA 98503, USA
| | - Michael C Dodd
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andre Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Jenifer K McIntyre
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Puyallup, WA 98371, USA
| | - Edward P Kolodziej
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ding J, Zhu D, Wang HT, Lassen SB, Chen QL, Li G, Lv M, Zhu YG. Dysbiosis in the Gut Microbiota of Soil Fauna Explains the Toxicity of Tire Tread Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:7450-7460. [PMID: 32463658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tread particles (TPs) from vehicle tires are widely distributed in soil ecosystems; therefore, there is an urgent need to evaluate their effects on soil biota. In the present study, the soil worm Enchytraeus crypticus was incubated for 21 days in soil microcosms containing increasing concentrations of TPs (0, 0.0048%, 0.024%, 0.12%, 0.6%, and 3% of dry soil weight). High concentrations of zinc (Zn, 9407.4 mg kg-1) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, 46.8 mg kg-1) were detected in the TPs, which resulted in their increased concentrations in soils amended with TPs. We demonstrated that TPs had an adverse effect on the survival (decreased by more than 25%) and reproduction (decreased by more than 50%) of the soil worms. Moreover, TP exposure disturbed the microbiota of the worm guts and surrounding soil. In addition, a covariation between bacterial and fungal communities was observed in the worm guts after exposure to TPs. Further analysis showed that TP exposure caused an enrichment of microbial genera associated with opportunistic pathogenesis in the worm guts. The combined results from this study indicate that TPs might threaten the terrestrial ecosystem by affecting soil fauna and their gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ding
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Simon Bo Lassen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Lin Chen
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Min Lv
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Yantai 264003, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Peter KT, Hou F, Tian Z, Wu C, Goehring M, Liu F, Kolodziej EP. More Than a First Flush: Urban Creek Storm Hydrographs Demonstrate Broad Contaminant Pollutographs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6152-6165. [PMID: 32302122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater runoff clearly impacts water quality and ecological health of urban receiving waters. Subsequent management efforts are often guided by conceptual models of contaminant "first flushes", defined by disproportionate concentrations or mass loads early in the storm hydrograph. However, studies examining the dynamics of contaminant transport and receiving water hydrology have primarily focused on "traditional" stormwater contaminants and point sources, with less evaluation of chemically complex nonpoint pollution sources. Accordingly, we conducted baseflow and storm sampling in Miller Creek, a representative small, urban watershed in the Puget Sound region (WA, USA). We comprehensively characterized organic contaminant profiles and dynamics via targeted quantification of 35 stormwater-derived chemicals, complementary nontarget HRMS analyses, and surrogate chemical metrics of ecological health. For quantified analytes, total daily baseflow loads were 0.8-3.4 g/day and storm event loads were ∼80-320 g/storm (∼48 h interval), with nine contaminants detected during storms at >500 ng/L. Notably, urban creek "pollutographs" were much broader than relatively sharp storm hydrographs and exhibited transport-limited (rather than mass-limited) source dynamics, with immediate water quality degradation during low-intensity precipitation and continued mobilization of contaminant mass across the entire hydrograph. Study outcomes support prioritization of source identification and focused stormwater management efforts to improve water quality and promote ecosystem function in small urban receiving waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine T Peter
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
| | - Fan Hou
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhenyu Tian
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
| | - Christopher Wu
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
| | - Matt Goehring
- Green/Duwamish & Central Puget Sound Watershed (WRIA 9), King County, Seattle, Washington 98104 United States
| | - Fengmao Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Edward P Kolodziej
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
| |
Collapse
|