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Payod RB, Pushkarchuk AL, Michels DL, Lyakhov DA, Saroka VA. Comparative analysis of absorption resonances between carbynes and cyclo[n]carbons. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:425302. [PMID: 38986474 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad61ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Two approaches are presented here to analyze the absorption resonances between carbynes and cyclo[n]carbons, namely the analytical tight-binding model to calculate the optical selection rules of cumulenic atomic rings and chains and theab initiotime-dependent density functional theory for the optical investigation of polyynic carbon ring and chains. The optical absorption spectra of the carbon ring match that of the finite chain when their eigen energies align following theNring=2Nchain+2rule, which states that the number of atoms in an atomic ringNringis twice the number of atoms on a finite chainNchainwith two additional atoms. Two representative atomic chains are chosen for our numerical calculations, specifically carbynes withN=7and8carbon atoms as optical resonance spectra match to a recently synthesized carbon ring called cyclo[18]carbon. Despite the mismatch in resonance peaks, molecular orbital transitions of both carbynesN = 7 and 8 and cyclo[18]carbon reveal a wave function symmetry change from inversion to reflection and vice versa for allowed molecular orbital transitions, which results in electron density redistribution along the polyynic carbyne axis or the cyclo[18]carbon circumference. Our investigation of the correlation of optical absorption peaks between carbynes and cyclo[n]carbons is a step towards enhancing the reliability of allotrope identification in advanced molecular device spectroscopy. Moreover, this work could facilitate the non-invasive, rapid and crucial assessment of these sensitive 1D allotropes by providing accurate descriptions of their electronic and optical properties, particularly in controlled synthesis environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renebeth B Payod
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, The Philippines
| | - Aliaxandr L Pushkarchuk
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 13 Surganov Str., Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Dominik L Michels
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dmitry A Lyakhov
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vasil A Saroka
- Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata and INFN, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Roma 00133, Italy
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2
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Allard C, Alvarez L, Bantignies JL, Bendiab N, Cambré S, Campidelli S, Fagan JA, Flahaut E, Flavel B, Fossard F, Gaufrès E, Heeg S, Lauret JS, Loiseau A, Marceau JB, Martel R, Marty L, Pichler T, Voisin C, Reich S, Setaro A, Shi L, Wenseleers W. Advanced 1D heterostructures based on nanotube templates and molecules. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39036944 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00467h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in materials science have shed light on the potential of exploring hierarchical assemblies of molecules on surfaces, driven by both fundamental and applicative challenges. This field encompasses diverse areas including molecular storage, drug delivery, catalysis, and nanoscale chemical reactions. In this context, the utilization of nanotube templates (NTs) has emerged as promising platforms for achieving advanced one-dimensional (1D) molecular assemblies. NTs offer cylindrical, crystalline structures with high aspect ratios, capable of hosting molecules both externally and internally (Mol@NT). Furthermore, NTs possess a wide array of available diameters, providing tunability for tailored assembly. This review underscores recent breakthroughs in the field of Mol@NT. The first part focuses on the diverse panorama of structural properties in Mol@NT synthesized in the last decade. The advances in understanding encapsulation, adsorption, and ordering mechanisms are detailed. In a second part, the review highlights the physical interactions and photophysics properties of Mol@NT obtained by the confinement of molecules and nanotubes in the van der Waals distance regime. The last part of the review describes potential applicative fields of these 1D heterostructures, providing specific examples in photovoltaics, luminescent materials, and bio-imaging. A conclusion gathers current challenges and perspectives of the field to foster discussion in related communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Alvarez
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, CNRS-Université de Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse INP, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, cedex 9, France
| | | | - Frédéric Fossard
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Microstructures, CNRS-Onera, Chatillon, France
| | - Etienne Gaufrès
- Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences, CNRS-Université de Bordeaux-IOGS, Talence, France.
| | | | - Jean-Sebastien Lauret
- LUMIN, Université Paris Saclay, ENS Paris Saclay, Centrale Supelec, CNRS, Orsay, France
| | - Annick Loiseau
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Microstructures, CNRS-Onera, Chatillon, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Marceau
- Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences, CNRS-Université de Bordeaux-IOGS, Talence, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Setaro
- Free University of Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, Pegaso University, Naples, Italy
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, Nanotechnology and Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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3
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Cichos F, Xia T, Yang H, Zijlstra P. The ever-expanding optics of single-molecules and nanoparticles. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:010401. [PMID: 38949895 DOI: 10.1063/5.0221680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Cichos
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - T Xia
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - H Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - P Zijlstra
- Department of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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4
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Gordeev G, Wasserroth S, Li H, Jorio A, Flavel BS, Reich S. Dielectric Screening inside Carbon Nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:8030-8037. [PMID: 38912680 PMCID: PMC11229072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Dielectric screening plays a vital role in determining physical properties at the nanoscale and affects our ability to detect and characterize nanomaterials using optical techniques. We study how dielectric screening changes electromagnetic fields and many-body effects in nanostructures encapsulated inside carbon nanotubes. First, we show that metallic outer walls reduce the scattering intensity of the inner tube by 2 orders of magnitude compared to that of air-suspended inner tubes, in line with our local field calculations. Second, we find that the dielectric shift of the optical transition energies in the inner walls is greater when the outer tube is metallic than when it is semiconducting. The magnitude of the shift suggests that the excitons in small-diameter inner metallic tubes are thermally dissociated at room temperature if the outer tube is also metallic, and in essence, we observe band-to-band transitions in thin metallic double-walled nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgy Gordeev
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Rue du Brill 41, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sören Wasserroth
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Han Li
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, 20500 Turku, Finland
- Turku Collegium for Science, Medicine and Technology, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ado Jorio
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil
| | - Benjamin S Flavel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Tang K, Li Y, Chen Y, Cui W, Lin Z, Zhang Y, Shi L. Encapsulation and Evolution of Polyynes Inside Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:966. [PMID: 38869590 PMCID: PMC11174086 DOI: 10.3390/nano14110966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Polyyne is an sp-hybridized linear carbon chain (LCC) with alternating single and triple carbon-carbon bonds. Polyyne is very reactive; thus, its structure can be easily damaged through a cross-linking reaction between the molecules. The longer the polyyne is, the more unstable it becomes. Therefore, it is difficult to directly synthesize long polyynes in a solvent. The encapsulation of polyynes inside carbon nanotubes not only stabilizes the molecules to avoid cross-linking reactions, but also allows a restriction reaction to occur solely at the ends of the polyynes, resulting in long LCCs. Here, by controlling the diameter of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), polyynes were filled with high yield below room temperature. Subsequent annealing of the filled samples promoted the reaction between the polyynes, leading to the formation of long LCCs. More importantly, single chiral (6,5) SWCNTs with high purity were used for the successful encapsulation of polyynes for the first time, and LCCs were synthesized by coalescing the polyynes in the (6,5) SWCNTs. This method holds promise for further exploration of the synthesis of property-tailored LCCs through encapsulation inside different chiral SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yinong Li
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China (Z.L.)
| | - Yingzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weili Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China (Z.L.)
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials and Pollution Control, School of Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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6
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Patrick CW, Gao Y, Gupta P, Thompson AL, Parker AW, Anderson HL. Masked alkynes for synthesis of threaded carbon chains. Nat Chem 2024; 16:193-200. [PMID: 37973943 PMCID: PMC10849957 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Polyynes are chains of sp1 carbon atoms with alternating single and triple bonds. As they become longer, they evolve towards carbyne, the 1D allotrope of carbon, and they become increasingly unstable. It has been anticipated that long polyynes could be stabilized by supramolecular encapsulation, by threading them through macrocycles to form polyrotaxanes-but, until now, polyyne polyrotaxanes with many threaded macrocycles have been synthetically inaccessible. Here we show that masked alkynes, in which the C≡C triple bond is temporarily coordinated to cobalt, can be used to synthesize polyrotaxanes, up to the C68 [5]rotaxane with 34 contiguous triple bonds and four threaded macrocycles. This is the length regime at which the electronic properties of polyynes converge to those of carbyne. Cyclocarbons constitute a related family of molecular carbon allotropes, and cobalt-masked alkynes also provide a route to [3]catenanes and [5]catenanes built around cobalt complexes of cyclo[40]carbon and cyclo[80]carbon, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor W Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yueze Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Prakhar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amber L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anthony W Parker
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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7
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Arora A, Baksi SD, Weisbach N, Amini H, Bhuvanesh N, Gladysz JA. Monodisperse Molecular Models for the sp Carbon Allotrope Carbyne; Syntheses, Structures, and Properties of Diplatinum Polyynediyl Complexes with PtC20Pt to PtC52Pt Linkages. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:2225-2240. [PMID: 38161378 PMCID: PMC10755852 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Extended conjugated polyynes provide models for the elusive sp carbon polymer carbyne, but progress has been hampered by numerous synthetic challenges. Stabilities appear to be enhanced by bulky, electropositive transition-metal endgroups. Reactions of trans-(C6F5)(p-tol3P)2Pt(C≡C)nSiEt3 (n = 4-6, PtCxSi (x = 2n)) with n-Bu4N+F-/Me3SiCl followed by excess tetrayne H(C≡C)4SiEt3 (HC8Si) and then CuCl/TMEDA and O2 give the heterocoupling products PtCx+8Si, PtCx+16Si, and sometimes higher homologues. The PtCx+16Si species presumably arise via protodesilylation of PtCx+8Si under the reaction conditions. Chromatography allows the separation of PtC16Si, PtC24Si, and PtC32Si (from n = 4), PtC18Si and PtC26Si (n = 5), or PtC20Si and PtC28Si (n = 6). These and previously reported species are applied in similar oxidative homocouplings, affording the family of diplatinum polyynediyl complexes PtCxPt (x = 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40 in 96-34% yields and x = 44, 48, 52 in 22-7% yields). These are carefully characterized by 13C NMR, UV-visible, and Raman spectroscopy and other techniques, with particular attention to behavior as the Cx chain approaches the macromolecular limit and endgroup effects diminish. The crystal structures of solvates of PtC20Pt, PtC24Pt, and PtC26Si, which feature the longest sp chains structurally characterized to date, are analyzed in detail. All data support a polyyne electronic structure with a nonzero optical band gap and bond length alternation for carbyne.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nancy Weisbach
- Department of Chemistry, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United
States
| | - Hashem Amini
- Department of Chemistry, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United
States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United
States
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United
States
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8
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Kabaciński P, Marabotti P, Fazzi D, Petropoulos V, Iudica A, Serafini P, Cerullo G, Casari CS, Zavelani-Rossi M. Disclosing Early Excited State Relaxation Events in Prototypical Linear Carbon Chains. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18382-18390. [PMID: 37525883 PMCID: PMC10450801 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) linear nanostructures comprising sp-hybridized carbon atoms, as derivatives of the prototypical allotrope known as carbyne, are predicted to possess outstanding mechanical, thermal, and electronic properties. Despite recent advances in their synthesis, their chemical and physical properties are still poorly understood. Here, we investigate the photophysics of a prototypical polyyne (i.e., 1D chain with alternating single and triple carbon bonds) as the simplest model of finite carbon wire and as a prototype of sp-carbon-based chains. We perform transient absorption experiments with high temporal resolution (<30 fs) on monodispersed hydrogen-capped hexayne H─(C≡C)6─H synthesized by laser ablation in liquid. With the support of computational studies based on ground state density functional theory (DFT) and excited state time-dependent (TD)-DFT calculations, we provide a comprehensive description of the excited state relaxation processes at early times following photoexcitation. We show that the internal conversion from a bright high-energy singlet excited state to a low-lying singlet dark state is ultrafast and takes place with a 200 fs time constant, followed by thermalization on the picosecond time scale and decay of the low-energy singlet state with hundreds of picoseconds time constant. We also show that the time scale of these processes does not depend on the end groups capping the sp-carbon chain. The understanding of the primary photoinduced events in polyynes is of key importance both for fundamental knowledge and for potential optoelectronic and light-harvesting applications of low-dimensional nanostructured carbon-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kabaciński
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Pietro Marabotti
- Dipartimento
di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via G. Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università degli studi di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vasilis Petropoulos
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Iudica
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Patrick Serafini
- Dipartimento
di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via G. Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie IFN-CNR, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo S. Casari
- Dipartimento
di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via G. Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Margherita Zavelani-Rossi
- Dipartimento
di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via G. Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie IFN-CNR, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Saito Y, Kondo T, Harada S, Kitaura R, Balois-Oguchi MV, Hayazawa N. Intermolecular Interaction between Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Encapsulated Molecules Studied by Polarization Resonance Raman Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37474256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the intermolecular interactions between single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and encapsulated molecules by polarization resonance Raman microscopy. C70 encapsulated in SWCNTs is investigated under incident laser polarization parallel and perpendicular to the tube axis. We employed two excitation laser wavelengths 442 and 532 nm, which are in resonance with different electronic states of C70. Under 532 nm excitation, no distinct polarization dependence is found in the Raman spectral pattern, while under 442 nm excitation, a peak not previously seen for this excitation wavelength was clearly observed for parallel excitation. This result can be explained by the modulation of the resonance Raman process via a charge transfer contribution between C70 and the SWCNTs, which is sensitive to the incident polarization as well as the excitation wavelength. The intensity of the local electronic field inside a SWCNT is higher for the parallel excitation than the perpendicular excitation when the nanotubes are in a bundle. The results can be explained by field localization effects at the nanotube walls, qualitatively supported by finite-difference time-domain simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuika Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-0031, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kondo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-0031, Japan
| | - Sora Harada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-0031, Japan
| | - Ryo Kitaura
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | | | - Norihiko Hayazawa
- Innovative Photon Manipulation Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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10
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Eskandari S, Koltai J, László I, Vaezi M, Kürti J. Formation of nanoribbons by carbon atoms confined in a single-walled carbon nanotube-A molecular dynamics study. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2895248. [PMID: 37290085 DOI: 10.1063/5.0151276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes can serve as one-dimensional nanoreactors for the in-tube synthesis of various nanostructures. Experimental observations have shown that chains, inner tubes, or nanoribbons can grow by the thermal decomposition of organic/organometallic molecules encapsulated in carbon nanotubes. The result of the process depends on the temperature, the diameter of the nanotube, and the type and amount of material introduced inside the tube. Nanoribbons are particularly promising materials for nanoelectronics. Motivated by recent experimental results observing the formation of carbon nanoribbons inside carbon nanotubes, molecular dynamics calculations were performed with the open source LAMMPS code to investigate the reactions between carbon atoms confined within a single-walled carbon nanotube. Our results show that the interatomic potentials behave differently in quasi-one-dimensional simulations of nanotube-confined space than in three-dimensional simulations. In particular, the Tersoff potential performs better than the widely used Reactive Force Field potential in describing the formation of carbon nanoribbons inside nanotubes. We also found a temperature window where the nanoribbons were formed with the fewest defects, i.e., with the largest flatness and the most hexagons, which is in agreement with the experimental temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Eskandari
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Koltai
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István László
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mehran Vaezi
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INST), Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jenő Kürti
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Liu F, Wang Q, Tang Y, Du W, Chang W, Fu Z, Zhao X, Liu Y. Carbon nanowires made by the insertion-and-fusion method toward carbon-hydrogen nanoelectronics. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6143-6155. [PMID: 36892226 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00386h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanowires (CNWs), long linear carbon chains encapsulated inside carbon nanotubes, exhibit sp hybridization characteristics as one of one-dimensional nanocarbon materials. The research interests on CNWs are accelerated by the successful experimental syntheses from the multi-walled to double-walled until single-walled CNWs recently but the formation mechanisms and structure-property relationships of CNWs remain poorly understood. In this work, we studied the insertion-and-fusion formation process of CNWs at an atomistic level using ReaxFF reactive molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations with particular focus on the hydrogen (H) adatom effects on the configurations and properties of carbon chains. The constrained MD shows that short carbon chains can be inserted and fused into long carbon chains inside the CNTs due to the van der Waals interactions with little energy barriers. We found that the end-capped H atoms of carbon chains may still remain as adatoms on the fused chains without C-H bond breaking and could transfer along the carbon chains via thermal activation. Moreover, the H adatoms were found to have critical effects on the distribution of bond length alternation as well as the energy level gaps and magnetic moments depending on the varied positions of H adatoms on the carbon chains. The results of ReaxFF MD simulations were validated by the DFT calculations and ab initio MD simulations. The diameter effect of the CNTs on the binding energies suggest that multiple CNTs with a range of appropriate diameters can be used to stabilize the carbon chains. Different from the terminal H of carbon nanomaterials, this work demonstrated that the H adatoms could be used to tune the electronic and magnetic properties of carbon-based electronic devices, opening up the door toward rich carbon-hydrogen nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Liu
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yuchao Tang
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wan Du
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Weiwei Chang
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zewei Fu
- Yunnan Tin Industry Group (Holding) Co. Ltd. R & D Center, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Xinluo Zhao
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, China
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12
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Marabotti P, Tommasini M, Castiglioni C, Serafini P, Peggiani S, Tortora M, Rossi B, Li Bassi A, Russo V, Casari CS. Electron-phonon coupling and vibrational properties of size-selected linear carbon chains by resonance Raman scattering. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5052. [PMID: 36030293 PMCID: PMC9420137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
UV resonance Raman spectroscopy of size-selected linear sp-carbon chains unveils vibrational overtones and combinations up to the fifth order. Thanks to the tunability of the synchrotron source, we excited each H-terminated polyyne (HCnH with n = 8,10,12) to the maxima of its vibronic absorption spectrum allowing us to precisely determine the electronic and vibrational structure of the ground and excited states for the main observed vibrational mode. Selected transitions are shown to enhance specific overtone orders in the Raman spectrum in a specific way that can be explained by a simple analytical model based on Albrecht's theory of resonance Raman scattering. The determined Huang-Rhys factors indicate a strong and size-dependent electron-phonon coupling increasing with the sp-carbon chain length.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Marabotti
- Micro and Nanostructured Materials Laboratory-NanoLab, Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano via Ponzio 34/3, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - M Tommasini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chem. Eng. 'G. Natta', Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - C Castiglioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chem. Eng. 'G. Natta', Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - P Serafini
- Micro and Nanostructured Materials Laboratory-NanoLab, Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano via Ponzio 34/3, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - S Peggiani
- Micro and Nanostructured Materials Laboratory-NanoLab, Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano via Ponzio 34/3, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - M Tortora
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 114 km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - B Rossi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 114 km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Li Bassi
- Micro and Nanostructured Materials Laboratory-NanoLab, Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano via Ponzio 34/3, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - V Russo
- Micro and Nanostructured Materials Laboratory-NanoLab, Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano via Ponzio 34/3, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - C S Casari
- Micro and Nanostructured Materials Laboratory-NanoLab, Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano via Ponzio 34/3, I-20133, Milano, Italy.
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13
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Argaman U, Makov G. Carbon nanowires under compression and their vibrational anomalies. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2996-3009. [PMID: 36133525 PMCID: PMC9419502 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00027j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anomalous pressure dependence of Raman frequencies of carbon nanowires encapsulated in carbon nanotubes has been recently reported. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain this phenomenon in linear carbon chains: softening of a carbon bond with pressure or charge transfer to the chain. However, carbon chains bend easily under stress, although stable structures under these conditions have yet to be discovered. In this study, we model linear and bent carbon nanowires under compression, including both stable and metastable structures. The structures, electronic properties, and vibrational frequencies are obtained through first-principles calculations within density functional theory. We find that polyyne, the dimerized linear ground-state structure of carbon chains at zero strain, is not stable under compression for an infinite carbon chain. Instead, the chain transforms into two possible configurations, a previously unknown three-dimensional helical shape or a two-dimensional sinusoidal shape. These structures can be modeled using an analytical atomistic force-constant model or with a continuum approach. In the continuum approach, an eigenvalue wave equation describes the energy and geometry of the chain. Moreover, this equation produces excited (metastable) structural states and can be applied to other one-dimensional systems. The wave equation formulation indicates that the much-pursued concept of Young's modulus in one-dimensional chains is ill-defined. Finally, the Raman anomaly under compression is not observed within the atomistic force-constant model contrary to assumptions in the literature. Instead, this anomaly can be understood using a model in which charge transfer between the nanotube and the nanowire occurs upon contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Argaman
- Materials Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Guy Makov
- Materials Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva 84105 Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
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14
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Tschannen CD, Frimmer M, Vasconcelos TL, Shi L, Pichler T, Novotny L. Tip-Enhanced Stokes-Anti-Stokes Scattering from Carbyne. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3260-3265. [PMID: 35417179 PMCID: PMC9052751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbyne, a linear chain of carbon atoms, is the truly one-dimensional allotrope of carbon and the strongest known Raman scatterer. Here, we use tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) to further enhance the Raman response of a single carbyne chain confined inside a double-walled carbon nanotube. We observe an increase of the anti-Stokes scattering by a factor of 3290 and a 22-fold enhancement of the anti-Stokes/Stokes ratio relative to far-field measurements. The power dependence of the anti-Stokes/Stokes ratio under TERS conditions is indicative of coherent Stokes-anti-Stokes scattering mediated by an excited phonon. The role of resonance effects and laser-induced heating are discussed and potential opportunities are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Frimmer
- Photonics
Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thiago L. Vasconcelos
- Materials
Metrology Division, Instituto Nacional de
Metrologia Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), 25250-020 Duque
de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lei Shi
- State
Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology
Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials
and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Thomas Pichler
- Faculty
of Physics, Universität Wien, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Lukas Novotny
- Photonics
Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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15
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Tschannen CD, Vasconcelos TL, Novotny L. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of confined carbon chains. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:044203. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0073950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago L. Vasconcelos
- Materials Metrology Division, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), 25250-020 Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lukas Novotny
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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16
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Romanin D, Monacelli L, Bianco R, Errea I, Mauri F, Calandra M. Dominant Role of Quantum Anharmonicity in the Stability and Optical Properties of Infinite Linear Acetylenic Carbon Chains. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10339-10345. [PMID: 34664958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbyne, an infinite-length straight chain of carbon atoms, is supposed to undergo a second order phase transition from the metallic bond-symmetric cumulene (═C═C═)∞ toward the distorted insulating polyyne chain (-C≡C-)∞ displaying bond-length alternation. However, recent synthesis of ultra long carbon chains (∼6000 atoms, [Nat. Mater., 2016, 15, 634]) did not show any phase transition and detected only the polyyne phase, in agreement with previous experiments on capped finite carbon chains. Here, by performing first-principles calculations, we show that quantum-anharmonicity reduces the energy gain of the polyyne phase with respect to the cumulene one by 71%. The magnitude of the bond-length alternation increases by increasing temperature, in stark contrast with a second order phase transition, confining the cumulene-to-polyyne transition to extremely high and unphysical temperatures. Finally, we predict that a high temperature insulator-to-metal transition occurs in the polyyne phase confined in insulating nanotubes with sufficiently large dielectric constant due to a giant quantum-anharmonic bandgap renormalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Romanin
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, UMR7588, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75252, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Monacelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaello Bianco
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Manuel de Lardizabal pasealekua 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ion Errea
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Manuel de Lardizabal pasealekua 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Fisika Aplikatua 1 Saila, Gipuzkoako Ingeniaritza Eskola, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Europa Plaza 1, 20018, Donostia San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Francesco Mauri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Calandra
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, UMR7588, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75252, Paris, France
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Italy
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17
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Cambré S, Liu M, Levshov D, Otsuka K, Maruyama S, Xiang R. Nanotube-Based 1D Heterostructures Coupled by van der Waals Forces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102585. [PMID: 34355517 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
1D van der Waals heterostructures based on carbon nanotube templates are raising a lot of excitement due to the possibility of creating new optical and electronic properties, by either confining molecules inside their hollow core or by adding layers on the outside of the nanotube. In contrast to their 2D analogs, where the number of layers, atomic type and relative orientation of the constituting layers are the main parameters defining physical properties, 1D heterostructures provide an additional degree of freedom, i.e., their specific diameter and chiral structure, for engineering their characteristics. The current state-of-the-art in synthesizing 1D heterostructures are discussed here, in particular focusing on their resulting optical properties, and details the vast parameter space that can be used to design heterostructures with custom-built properties that can be integrated into a large variety of applications. First, the effects of van der Waals coupling on the properties of the simplest and best-studied 1D heterostructure, namely a double-walled carbon nanotube, are described, and then heterostructures built from the inside and the outside are considered, which all use a nanotube as a template, and, finally, an outlook is provided for the future of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Cambré
- Nanostructured and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Dmitry Levshov
- Nanostructured and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Keigo Otsuka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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18
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Gordeev G, Wasserroth S, Li H, Flavel B, Reich S. Moiré-Induced Vibrational Coupling in Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6732-6739. [PMID: 34369792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Moiré patterns are additional, long-range periodicities in twisted crystalline bilayers. They are known to fundamentally change the electronic states of the layers, but similar effects on their mechanical and vibrational properties have not been discussed so far. Here we show that the moiré potential shifts the radial breathing mode in double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs). The change in frequency is expected to be proportional to the shift in optical transition energies, which are induced by the moiré patterns. To verify our model, we performed resonance Raman scattering on purified and sorted semiconducting DWCNTs. We find that the radial breathing mode shifts up to 14 cm-1 higher in energy followed by displacement of optical transition energies of up to 200 meV to lower energies, in comparison to the single-walled tubes. We show how to identify the strong coupling condition in DWCNTs from their phonon frequencies and construct a Kataura plot to aid their future experimental assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgy Gordeev
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sören Wasserroth
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Han Li
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benjamin Flavel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Tschannen CD, Frimmer M, Gordeev G, Vasconcelos TL, Shi L, Pichler T, Reich S, Heeg S, Novotny L. Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering of Single Carbyne Chains. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12249-12255. [PMID: 34254777 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the anti-Stokes Raman scattering of single carbyne chains confined inside double-walled carbon nanotubes. Individual chains are identified using tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) and heated by resonant excitation with varying laser powers. We study the temperature dependence of carbyne's Raman spectrum and quantify the laser-induced heating based on the anti-Stokes/Stokes ratio. Due to its molecular size and its large Raman cross section, carbyne holds great promise for local temperature monitoring, with potential applications ranging from nanoelectronics to biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Frimmer
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Georgy Gordeev
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thiago L Vasconcelos
- Materials Metrology Division, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), 25250-020 Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Thomas Pichler
- Faculty of Physics, Universität Wien, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Heeg
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Novotny
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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20
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Yang X, Zhao X, Liu T, Yang F. Precise Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes and
One‐Dimensional
Hybrids from Templates
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Tianhui Liu
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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21
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Cui W, Shi L, Cao K, Kaiser U, Saito T, Ayala P, Pichler T. Isotopic Labelling of Confined Carbyne. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9897-9901. [PMID: 33599368 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carbyne is a one-dimensional allotrope of carbon consisting of a linear chain of carbon atoms bonded to each other with exceptional strength. Its outstanding mechanical, optical, and electronic properties have been theoretically predicted, but its stability has only been achieved when grown encapsulated in the hollow core of carbon nanotubes. One of the advantages of this confinement is that its properties can be controlled by the chain's length and surrounding environment. We investigated an alternative way of gaining control of its properties is using isotope labelling as tuning mechanism. The optimized liquid precursor was first chosen among several options, which can greatly enhance the yield of the confined carbyne. Then isotopic labelled liquid precursor was encapsulated for further synthesis of isotopic labelled confined carbyne. This allowed us to obtain pioneering results on isotope engineered carbyne with around 11.9 % of 13 C-labelling using 13 C-methanol as precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Cui
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Kecheng Cao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.,Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Paola Ayala
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Pichler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Cui W, Shi L, Cao K, Kaiser U, Saito T, Ayala P, Pichler T. Isotopic Labelling of Confined Carbyne. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weili Cui
- Faculty of Physics University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Nanotechnology Research Center School of Materials Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Kecheng Cao
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science Ulm University 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science Ulm University 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Nanomaterials Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Paola Ayala
- Faculty of Physics University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Thomas Pichler
- Faculty of Physics University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
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23
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Owais C, Kalathingal M, Swathi RS. Encapsulation of monocyclic carbon clusters into carbon nanotubes: A continuum modeling approach. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, PART N: JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS, NANOENGINEERING AND NANOSYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/2397791420964002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbon clusters are challenging to produce and isolate due to their highly reactive nature. One of the strategies for their isolation is to encapsulate the clusters into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of appropriate radii. Herein, we have investigated the energetics for the encapsulation of the monocyclic carbon rings, [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]) into CNTs of various radii using the continuum approximation. The encapsulation is driven by the non-covalent interactions between the carbon rings and the CNTs. The analyzes of the axial forces and the interaction energies at various orientations and positions of centers of mass of the rings with respect to the CNT axes clearly suggested the role of the tube radius in governing the energetics of encapsulation. Estimation of the acceptance and the suction energies as a function of CNT radius led to the prediction that the CNTs with radii of 5.38 Å, 5.83 Å, 6.25 Å, 6.68 Å, 7.07 Å, 7.51 Å, and 7.90 Å can efficiently encapsulate C10, C12, C14, C16, C18, C20, and C22 rings, respectively. In the limit of large tube radii, the numerical results lead to those obtained for carbon ring adsorption on graphene. Furthermore, the continuum approach enabled us to explore the potential energy surfaces thereby arriving at the equilibrium configurations of the rings inside the CNTs. Such an analysis is invaluable because of the enormous computational cost associated with quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheriyacheruvakkara Owais
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Mahroof Kalathingal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Rotti Srinivasamurthy Swathi
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, India
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24
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Shi L, Senga R, Suenaga K, Kataura H, Saito T, Paz AP, Rubio A, Ayala P, Pichler T. Toward Confined Carbyne with Tailored Properties. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1096-1101. [PMID: 33427471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Confining carbyne to a space that allows for stability and controlled reactivity is a very appealing approach to have access to materials with tunable optical and electronic properties without rival. Here, we show how controlling the diameter of single-walled carbon nanotubes opens the possibility to grow a confined carbyne with a defined and tunable band gap. The metallicity of the tubes has a minimal influence on the formation of the carbyne, whereas the diameter plays a major role in the growth. It has been found that the properties of confined carbyne can be tailored independently from its length and how these are mostly determined by its interaction with the carbon nanotube. Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to interpret these findings. Furthermore, the choice of a single-walled carbon nanotube host has been proven crucial even to synthesize an enriched carbyne with the smallest energy gap currently reported and with remarkable homogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ryosuke Senga
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Kataura
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Alejandro Pérez Paz
- Chemistry Department, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, University of the Basque Country, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Angel Rubio
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, University of the Basque Country, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Simons Foundation Flatiron Institute, New York 10010, New York, United States
| | - Paola Ayala
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Pichler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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25
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Buntov EA, Zatsepin AF. Carbon Bond Breaking under Ar +-Ion Irradiation in Dependence on sp Hybridization: Car–Parrinello, Ehrenfest, and Classical Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9128-9132. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A. Buntov
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Anatoly F. Zatsepin
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
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26
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Tschannen CD, Gordeev G, Reich S, Shi L, Pichler T, Frimmer M, Novotny L, Heeg S. Raman Scattering Cross Section of Confined Carbyne. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6750-6755. [PMID: 32786933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally quantify the Raman scattering from individual carbyne chains confined in double-walled carbon nanotubes. We find that the resonant differential Raman cross section of confined carbyne is on the order of 10-22 cm2 sr-1 per atom, making it the strongest Raman scatterer ever reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgy Gordeev
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Thomas Pichler
- Faculty of Physics, Universität Wien, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Martin Frimmer
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Novotny
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Heeg
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Seenithurai S, Chai JD. TAO-DFT investigation of electronic properties of linear and cyclic carbon chains. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13133. [PMID: 32753715 PMCID: PMC7403413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been challenging to adequately investigate the properties of nanosystems with radical nature using conventional electronic structure methods. We address this challenge by calculating the electronic properties of linear carbon chains (l-CC[n]) and cyclic carbon chains (c-CC[n]) with n = 10-100 carbon atoms, using thermally-assisted-occupation density functional theory (TAO-DFT). For all the cases investigated, l-CC[n]/c-CC[n] are ground-state singlets, and c-CC[n] are energetically more stable than l-CC[n]. The electronic properties of l-CC[n]/c-CC[n] reveal certain oscillation patterns for smaller n, followed by monotonic changes for larger n. For the smaller carbon chains, odd-numbered l-CC[n] are more stable than the adjacent even-numbered ones; c-CC[[Formula: see text]]/c-CC[4m] are more/less stable than the adjacent odd-numbered ones, where m are positive integers. As n increases, l-CC[n]/c-CC[n] possess increasing polyradical nature in their ground states, where the active orbitals are delocalized over the entire length of l-CC[n] or the whole circumference of c-CC[n].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonai Seenithurai
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Da Chai
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
- Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Zhou Q, Zhao Z. Sulfate Surfactant Assisted Approach to Fabricate Sulphur‐Doped Supported Nanodiamond Catalyst on Carbon Nanotube with Unprecedented Catalysis for Ethylbenzene Dehydrogenation. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Zhongkui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
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Toma S, Asaka K, Irita M, Saito Y. Bulk synthesis of linear carbon chains confined inside single-wall carbon nanotubes by vacuum discharge. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Toma
- Department of Applied Physics; Nagoya University; Nagoya Japan
| | - Koji Asaka
- Department of Applied Physics; Nagoya University; Nagoya Japan
| | - Masaru Irita
- Department of Applied Physics; Nagoya University; Nagoya Japan
- Venture Business Laboratory; Nagoya University; Nagoya Japan
| | - Yahachi Saito
- Department of Applied Physics; Nagoya University; Nagoya Japan
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Zhang Y, Zhao J, Fang Y, Liu Y, Zhao X. Preparation of long linear carbon chain inside multi-walled carbon nanotubes by cooling enhanced hydrogen arc discharge method. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17824-17833. [PMID: 30221270 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05465g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Long linear carbon chains with sp hybridization inside multi-walled carbon nanotubes (LLCC@MWCNTs) can be prepared in the cathode deposits obtained by hydrogen arc discharge. In this work, a cooling system was introduced into the hydrogen arc discharge method to improve the growth yield of LLCC@MWCNTs samples, as indicated by the corresponding stronger Raman peaks between 1780 cm-1 and 1880 cm-1, compared with conventional systems. Moreover, the cooling largely expanded the narrow scope of suitable conditions for the preparation of LLCC@MWCNTs, and high purity samples were easily produced. Qualitative analysis of arc discharge process helped conclude that cooling helps to increase the temperature of arc plasma, which is beneficial to improve both the growth yield of LLCC@MWCNTs and the purity of MWCNTs. This work provides a new approach to improve the growth yield of LLCC@MWCNTs and will benefit further studies and future applications of this new one-dimensional allotrope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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