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Sisnande T, Brum FL, Matias DO, de Sá Ribeiro F, Moulin TB, Mohana-Borges R, de Magalhães MTQ, Lima LMTR. Spatially resolved distribution of pancreatic hormones proteoforms by MALDI-imaging mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2024; 692:115570. [PMID: 38763320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Zinc plays a crucial role both in the immune system and endocrine processes. Zinc restriction in the diet has been shown to lead to degeneration of the endocrine pancreas, resulting in hormonal imbalance within the β-cells. Proteostasismay vary depending on the stage of a pathophysiological process, which underscores the need for tools aimed at directly analyzing biological status. Among proteomics methods, MALDI-ToF-MS can serve as a rapid peptidomics tool for analyzing extracts or by histological imaging. Here we report the optimization of MALDI imaging mass spectrometry analysis of histological thin sections from mouse pancreas. This optimization enables the identification of the major islet peptide hormones as well as the major accumulated precursors and/or proteolytic products of peptide hormones. Cross-validation of the identified peptide hormones was performed by LC-ESI-MS from pancreatic islet extracts. Mice subjected to a zinc-restricted diet exhibited a relatively lower amount of peptide intermediates compared to the control group. These findings provide evidence for a complex modulation of proteostasis by micronutrients imbalance, a phenomenon directly accessed by MALDI-MSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tháyna Sisnande
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (pbiotech), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Química Biológica, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Lopes Brum
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Bioengenharia Estrutural (LABGENEST), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Daiane O Matias
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (pbiotech), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Química Biológica, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Fernando de Sá Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (pbiotech), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Química Biológica, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Thayana Beninatto Moulin
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (pbiotech), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Ronaldo Mohana-Borges
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Bioengenharia Estrutural (LABGENEST), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil; Centro de Espectrometria de Massa de Biomoléculas (CEMBIO), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Mariana T Q de Magalhães
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Macromoléculas (LBM), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Luís Maurício T R Lima
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (pbiotech), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Química Biológica, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
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2
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Castro DC, Chan-Andersen P, Romanova EV, Sweedler JV. Probe-based mass spectrometry approaches for single-cell and single-organelle measurements. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:888-912. [PMID: 37010120 PMCID: PMC10545815 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the chemical content of individual cells not only reveals underlying cell-to-cell chemical heterogeneity but is also a key component in understanding how cells combine to form emergent properties of cellular networks and tissues. Recent technological advances in many analytical techniques including mass spectrometry (MS) have improved instrumental limits of detection and laser/ion probe dimensions, allowing the analysis of micron and submicron sized areas. In the case of MS, these improvements combined with MS's broad analyte detection capabilities have enabled the rise of single-cell and single-organelle chemical characterization. As the chemical coverage and throughput of single-cell measurements increase, more advanced statistical and data analysis methods have aided in data visualization and interpretation. This review focuses on secondary ion MS and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization MS approaches for single-cell and single-organelle characterization, which is followed by advances in mass spectral data visualization and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Castro
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Peter Chan-Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Elena V. Romanova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
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3
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Xie YR, Castro DC, Rubakhin SS, Trinklein TJ, Sweedler JV, Lam F. Multiscale biochemical mapping of the brain through deep-learning-enhanced high-throughput mass spectrometry. Nat Methods 2024; 21:521-530. [PMID: 38366241 PMCID: PMC10927565 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-024-02171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Spatial omics technologies can reveal the molecular intricacy of the brain. While mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provides spatial localization of compounds, comprehensive biochemical profiling at a brain-wide scale in three dimensions by MSI with single-cell resolution has not been achieved. We demonstrate complementary brain-wide and single-cell biochemical mapping using MEISTER, an integrative experimental and computational mass spectrometry (MS) framework. Our framework integrates a deep-learning-based reconstruction that accelerates high-mass-resolving MS by 15-fold, multimodal registration creating three-dimensional (3D) molecular distributions and a data integration method fitting cell-specific mass spectra to 3D datasets. We imaged detailed lipid profiles in tissues with millions of pixels and in large single-cell populations acquired from the rat brain. We identified region-specific lipid contents and cell-specific localizations of lipids depending on both cell subpopulations and anatomical origins of the cells. Our workflow establishes a blueprint for future development of multiscale technologies for biochemical characterization of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Richard Xie
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Daniel C Castro
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stanislav S Rubakhin
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Timothy J Trinklein
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Fan Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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4
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Lee C, Lee DK, Wei IA, Qiu TA, Rubakhin SS, Roper MG, Sweedler JV. Relations between Glucose and d-Amino Acids in the Modulation of Biochemical and Functional Properties of Rodent Islets of Langerhans. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:47723-47734. [PMID: 38144114 PMCID: PMC10733910 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The cell-to-cell signaling role of d-amino acids (d-AAs) in the mammalian endocrine system, particularly in the islets of Langerhans, has drawn growing interest for their potential involvement in modulating glucose metabolism. Previous studies found colocalization of serine racemase [produces d-serine (d-Ser)] and d-alanine (d-Ala) within insulin-secreting beta cells and d-aspartate (d-Asp) within glucagon-secreting alpha cells. Expressed in the islets, functional N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors are involved in the modulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and have binding sites for several d-AAs. However, knowledge of the regulation of d-AA levels in the islets during glucose stimulation as well as the response of islets to different levels of extracellular d-AAs is limited. In this study, we determined the intracellular and extracellular levels of d-Ser, d-Ala, and d-Asp in cultures of isolated rodent islets exposed to different levels of extracellular glucose. We found that the intracellular levels of the enantiomers demonstrated large variability and, in general, were not affected by extracellular glucose levels. However, significantly lower levels of extracellular d-Ser and d-Ala were observed in the islet media supplemented with 20 mM concentration of glucose compared to the control condition utilizing 3 mM glucose. Glucose-induced oscillations of intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), a proxy for insulin secretion, were modulated by the exogenous application of d-Ser and d-Ala but not by their l-stereoisomers. Our results provide new insights into the roles of d-AAs in the biochemistry and function of pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy
J. Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Dong-Kyu Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - I-An Wei
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State
University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Tian A. Qiu
- Department
of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Stanislav S. Rubakhin
- Department
of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michael G. Roper
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State
University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department
of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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5
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Davis JJ, Donohue MJ, Ogunkunle EO, Eaton WJ, Steyer DJ, Roper MG. Simultaneous monitoring of multiple hormones from human islets of Langerhans using solid-phase extraction-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5671-5680. [PMID: 37442843 PMCID: PMC10528007 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04837-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Islets of Langerhans release peptide hormones in controlled amounts and patterns to ensure proper maintenance of blood glucose levels. The overall release of the hormones is shaped by external factors and by autocrine and paracrine interactions occurring within the islets. To better understand what controls the secretion of islet-secreted peptides, and how these processes go awry in diabetes, methods to monitor the release of multiple hormones simultaneously are needed. While antibody-based assays are typically used, they are most often applied to quantification of a single hormone. Mass spectrometry (MS), on the other hand, is well suited for quantifying multiple hormones simultaneously but typically requires time-consuming separation steps with biological samples. In this report, response surface methodology was used to identify a set of optimal solid-phase extraction (SPE) conditions for the islet-secreted peptides, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, and somatostatin. The optimized SPE method was used with multiple reaction monitoring and isotopically labeled standards to quantify secretion levels. Calibrations were linear from 0.5 to 50 nM with < 15% RSD peak area ratios. A microfluidic system was used to perfuse 30 human islets with different glucose conditions, and fractions were collected every 2 min for SPE-MS analysis. Results showed the release dynamics of the individual peptides, as well as patterns, such as positively and negatively correlated release and oscillations. This rapid SPE-MS method is expected to be useful for examining other peptide and small-molecule secretions from islets and could be applied to a number of other biological systems for investigating cellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Matthew J Donohue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Emmanuel O Ogunkunle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Wesley J Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Daniel J Steyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Michael G Roper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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6
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Qiu TA, Lee CJ, Huang C, Lee DK, Rubakhin SS, Romanova EV, Sweedler JV. Biodistribution and racemization of gut-absorbed L/D-alanine in germ-free mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:851. [PMID: 37587187 PMCID: PMC10432453 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiome-derived metabolites are important for the microbiome-gut-brain axis and the discovery of new disease treatments. D-Alanine (D-Ala) is found in many animals as a potential co-agonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR), receptors widely used in the nervous and endocrine systems. The gut microbiome, diet and putative endogenous synthesis are the potential sources of D-Ala in animals, although there is no direct evidence to show the distribution and racemization of gut-absorbed L-/D-Ala with regards to host-microbe interactions in mammals. In this work, we utilized germ-free mice to control the interference from microbiota and isotopically labeled L-/D-Ala to track their biodistribution and racemization in vivo. Results showed time-dependent biodistribution of gut-absorbed D-Ala, particularly accumulation of gut-absorbed D-Ala in pancreatic tissues, brain, and pituitary. No endogenous synthesis of D-Ala via racemization was observed in germ-free mice. The sources of D-Ala in mice were revealed as microbiota and diet, but not endogenous racemization. This work indicates the importance of further investigating the in vivo biological functions of gut-microbiome derived D-Ala, particularly on NMDAR-related activities, for D-Ala as a potential signaling molecules in the microbiome-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Autumn Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Cindy J Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Chen Huang
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Dong-Kyu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Stanislav S Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Elena V Romanova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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7
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Lee DK, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV. Chemical Decrosslinking-Based Peptide Characterization of Formaldehyde-Fixed Rat Pancreas Using Fluorescence-Guided Single-Cell Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6732-6739. [PMID: 37040477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Approaches for the characterization of proteins/peptides in single cells of formaldehyde-fixed (FF) tissues via mass spectrometry (MS) are still under development. The lack of a general method for selectively eliminating formaldehyde-induced crosslinking is a major challenge. A workflow is shown for the high-throughput peptide profiling of single cells isolated from FF tissues, here the rodent pancreas, which possesses multiple peptide hormones from the islets of Langerhans. The heat treatment is enhanced by a collagen-selective multistep thermal process assisting efficient isolation of islets from the FF pancreas and, subsequently, their dissociation into single islet cells. Hydroxylamine-based chemical decrosslinking helped restore intact peptide signals from individual isolated cells. Subsequently, an acetone/glycerol-assisted cell dispersion was optimized for spatially resolved cell deposition onto glass slides, while a glycerol solution maintained the hydrated state of the cells. This sample preparation procedure allowed peptide profiling in FF single cells by fluorescence-guided matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization MS. Here, 2594 single islet cells were analyzed and 28 peptides were detected, including insulin C-peptides and glucagon. T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) data visualization demonstrated that cells cluster based on cell-specific pancreatic peptide hormones. This workflow expands the sample availability for single-cell MS characterization to a wide range of formaldehyde-treated tissue specimens stored in biobanks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kyu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Stanislav S Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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8
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Antevska A, Long CC, Dupuy SD, Collier JJ, Karlstad MD, Do TD. Mouse Pancreatic Peptide Hormones Probed at the Sub-Single-Islet Level: The Effects of Acute Corticosterone Treatment. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:235-245. [PMID: 36412564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We combine liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry to elucidate how short exposure to corticosterone (Cort) alters the output of mouse pancreatic islet hormones. The workflow enables the robust separation of mouse insulin 1 (Ins1) and insulin 2 (Ins2) and the detection of major islet hormones in a homogenate equivalent to 100-150 islet cells. We show that Ins2 has a unique structure and is degraded much faster than Ins1. Further investigation indicates that Ins2 may populate both T and R states, whereas Ins1 may not. The assemblies of Ins1's B-chain also introduce more structural heterogeneity than Ins2. Collectively, these features account for their unique degradation profiles, the diabetes risk associated with Ins1, and the protective effect of Ins2. In the same experiments, we observe that the ratio of amylin to Ins1 increased significantly in Cort-treated mice (15:1) compared to the control mice (42:1), correlating well with β-cell proliferation observed in immunoassays on the same animal model. We observe no increase in intact full-length insulin levels but more of the truncated forms, indicating that enzymatic activity is accelerated. Our data provide a molecular basis for reduced insulin action induced by Cort and connections between insulin turnover and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Antevska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Connor C Long
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Samuel D Dupuy
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - J Jason Collier
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana70808, United States
| | - Michael D Karlstad
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Thanh D Do
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
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9
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Proteomic Profiling of Intra-Islet Features Reveals Substructure-Specific Protein Signatures. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100426. [PMID: 36244662 PMCID: PMC9706166 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their diminutive size, islets of Langerhans play a large role in maintaining systemic energy balance in the body. New technologies have enabled us to go from studying the whole pancreas to isolated whole islets, to partial islet sections, and now to islet substructures isolated from within the islet. Using a microfluidic nanodroplet-based proteomics platform coupled with laser capture microdissection and field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry, we present an in-depth investigation of protein profiles specific to features within the islet. These features include the islet-acinar interface vascular tissue, inner islet vasculature, isolated endocrine cells, whole islet with vasculature, and acinar tissue from around the islet. Compared to interface vasculature, unique protein signatures observed in the inner vasculature indicate increased innervation and intra-islet neuron-like crosstalk. We also demonstrate the utility of these data for identifying localized structure-specific drug-target interactions using existing protein/drug binding databases.
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10
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Saito D, Nakagawa Y, Sato T, Fukunaka A, Pereye OB, Maruyama N, Watada H, Fujitani Y. Establishment of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for mouse pancreatic polypeptide clarifies the regulatory mechanism of its secretion from pancreatic γ cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269958. [PMID: 35976945 PMCID: PMC9385059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic polypeptide (PP), secreted from γ cells of the islets of Langerhans, is a 36 amino-acid peptide encoded by the Ppy gene. Although previous studies have reported that PP causes a decrease in appetite, the molecular mechanism that regulates PP secretion has not been fully elucidated. Lack of understanding of the regulatory mechanism of PP secretion may be partially owing to the lack of assay systems that can specifically detect PP. We recently developed the mouse monoclonal antibody 23-2D3 that specifically recognizes PP. In the present study, we developed a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the measurement of mouse PP, and directly monitored intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in Ppy-expressing cells from a newly developed reporter mouse. Using these systems, we identified agonists, such as carbachol and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate PP secretion. We further demonstrated that, unlike the case of GIP-induced insulin secretion from β cells, there is a unique mechanism by which PP secretion is triggered by an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations via voltage-dependent calcium channels even in low-glucose conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Saito
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology & Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology & Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takashi Sato
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology & Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ayako Fukunaka
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology & Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ofejiro Blessing Pereye
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology & Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | | | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Identification of Diabetic Therapeutic Targets, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology & Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- * E-mail:
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11
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Bien T, Koerfer K, Schwenzfeier J, Dreisewerd K, Soltwisch J. Mass spectrometry imaging to explore molecular heterogeneity in cell culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2114365119. [PMID: 35858333 PMCID: PMC9303856 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114365119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular analysis on the single-cell level represents a rapidly growing field in the life sciences. While bulk analysis from a pool of cells provides a general molecular profile, it is blind to heterogeneities between individual cells. This heterogeneity, however, is an inherent property of every cell population. Its analysis is fundamental to understanding the development, function, and role of specific cells of the same genotype that display different phenotypical properties. Single-cell mass spectrometry (MS) aims to provide broad molecular information for a significantly large number of cells to help decipher cellular heterogeneity using statistical analysis. Here, we present a sensitive approach to single-cell MS based on high-resolution MALDI-2-MS imaging in combination with MALDI-compatible staining and use of optical microscopy. Our approach allowed analyzing large amounts of unperturbed cells directly from the growth chamber. Confident coregistration of both modalities enabled a reliable compilation of single-cell mass spectra and a straightforward inclusion of optical as well as mass spectrometric features in the interpretation of data. The resulting multimodal datasets permit the use of various statistical methods like machine learning-driven classification and multivariate analysis based on molecular profile and establish a direct connection of MS data with microscopy information of individual cells. Displaying data in the form of histograms for individual signal intensities helps to investigate heterogeneous expression of specific lipids within the cell culture and to identify subpopulations intuitively. Ultimately, t-MALDI-2-MSI measurements at 2-µm pixel sizes deliver a glimpse of intracellular lipid distributions and reveal molecular profiles for subcellular domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Bien
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Krischan Koerfer
- Institute for Psychology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Schwenzfeier
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Dreisewerd
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jens Soltwisch
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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12
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Profiling 26,000 Aplysia californica neurons by single cell mass spectrometry reveal neuronal populations with distinct neuropeptide profiles. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102254. [PMID: 35835221 PMCID: PMC9396074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are a chemically diverse class of cell-to-cell signaling molecules that are widely expressed throughout the central nervous system, often in a cell-specific manner. While cell-to-cell differences in neuropeptides is expected, it is often unclear how exactly neuropeptide expression varies among neurons. Here we created a microscopy-guided, high-throughput single cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry approach to investigate the neuropeptide heterogeneity of individual neurons in the central nervous system of the neurobiological model Aplysia californica, the California sea hare. In all, we analyzed more than 26,000 neurons from 18 animals and assigned 866 peptides from 66 prohormones by mass matching against an in silico peptide library generated from known Aplysia prohormones retrieved from the UniProt database. Louvain–Jaccard (LJ) clustering of mass spectra from individual neurons revealed 40 unique neuronal populations, or LJ clusters, each with a distinct neuropeptide profile. Prohormones and their related peptides were generally found in single cells from ganglia consistent with the prohormones’ previously known ganglion localizations. Several LJ clusters also revealed the cellular colocalization of behaviorally related prohormones, such as an LJ cluster exhibiting achatin and neuropeptide Y, which are involved in feeding, and another cluster characterized by urotensin II, small cardiac peptide, sensorin A, and FRFa, which have shown activity in the feeding network or are present in the feeding musculature. This mass spectrometry–based approach enables the robust categorization of large cell populations based on single cell neuropeptide content and is readily adaptable to the study of a range of animals and tissue types.
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13
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Anapindi KDB, Romanova EV, Checco JW, Sweedler JV. Mass Spectrometry Approaches Empowering Neuropeptide Discovery and Therapeutics. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:662-679. [PMID: 35710134 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of insulin in the early 1900s ushered in the era of research related to peptides acting as hormones and neuromodulators, among other regulatory roles. These essential gene products are found in all organisms, from the most primitive to the most evolved, and carry important biologic information that coordinates complex physiology and behavior; their misregulation has been implicated in a variety of diseases. The evolutionary origins of at least 30 neuropeptide signaling systems have been traced to the common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes. With the use of relevant animal models and modern technologies, we can gain mechanistic insight into orthologous and paralogous endogenous peptides and translate that knowledge into medically relevant insights and new treatments. Groundbreaking advances in medicine and basic science influence how signaling peptides are defined today. The precise mechanistic pathways for over 100 endogenous peptides in mammals are now known and have laid the foundation for multiple drug development pipelines. Peptide biologics have become valuable drugs due to their unique specificity and biologic activity, lack of toxic metabolites, and minimal undesirable interactions. This review outlines modern technologies that enable neuropeptide discovery and characterization, and highlights lessons from nature made possible by neuropeptide research in relevant animal models that is being adopted by the pharmaceutical industry. We conclude with a brief overview of approaches/strategies for effective development of peptides as drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Neuropeptides, an important class of cell-cell signaling molecules, are involved in maintaining a range of physiological functions. Since the discovery of insulin's activity, over 100 bioactive peptides and peptide analogs have been used as therapeutics. Because these are complex molecules not easily predicted from a genome and their activity can change with subtle chemical modifications, mass spectrometry (MS) has significantly empowered peptide discovery and characterization. This review highlights contributions of MS-based research towards the development of therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna D B Anapindi
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (K.D.B.A., E.V.R., J.V.S.) and Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska (J.W.C.)
| | - Elena V Romanova
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (K.D.B.A., E.V.R., J.V.S.) and Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska (J.W.C.)
| | - James W Checco
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (K.D.B.A., E.V.R., J.V.S.) and Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska (J.W.C.)
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (K.D.B.A., E.V.R., J.V.S.) and Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska (J.W.C.)
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14
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De La Toba EA, Bell SE, Romanova EV, Sweedler JV. Mass Spectrometry Measurements of Neuropeptides: From Identification to Quantitation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2022; 15:83-106. [PMID: 35324254 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061020-022048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides (NPs), a unique class of neuronal signaling molecules, participate in a variety of physiological processes and diseases. Quantitative measurements of NPs provide valuable information regarding how these molecules are differentially regulated in a multitude of neurological, metabolic, and mental disorders. Mass spectrometry (MS) has evolved to become a powerful technique for measuring trace levels of NPs in complex biological tissues and individual cells using both targeted and exploratory approaches. There are inherent challenges to measuring NPs, including their wide endogenous concentration range, transport and postmortem degradation, complex sample matrices, and statistical processing of MS data required for accurate NP quantitation. This review highlights techniques developed to address these challenges and presents an overview of quantitative MS-based measurement approaches for NPs, including the incorporation of separation methods for high-throughput analysis, MS imaging for spatial measurements, and methods for NP quantitation in single neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A De La Toba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Sara E Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Elena V Romanova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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15
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Mass spectrometry imaging and its potential in food microbiology. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 371:109675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Sandbaumhüter FA, Nezhyva M, Eriksson O, Engberg A, Kreuger J, Andrén PE, Jansson ET. Well-Plate μFASP for Proteomic Analysis of Single Pancreatic Islets. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1167-1174. [PMID: 35293755 PMCID: PMC8981318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) is widely used in bottom-up proteomics for tryptic digestion. However, the sample recovery yield of this method is limited by the amount of the starting material. While ∼100 ng of digested protein is sufficient for thorough protein identification, proteomic information gets lost with a protein content <10 μg due to incomplete peptide recovery from the filter. We developed and optimized a flexible well-plate μFASP device and protocol that is suitable for an ∼1 μg protein sample. In 1 μg of HeLa digest, we identified 1295 ± 10 proteins with μFASP followed by analysis with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In contrast, only 524 ± 5 proteins were identified with the standard FASP protocol, while 1395 ± 4 proteins were identified in 20 μg after standard FASP as a benchmark. Furthermore, we conducted a combined peptidomic and proteomic study of single pancreatic islets with well-plate μFASP. Here, we separated neuropeptides and digested the remaining on-filter proteins for bottom-up proteomic analysis. Our results indicate inter-islet heterogeneity for the expression of proteins involved in glucose catabolism, pancreatic hormone processing, and secreted peptide hormones. We consider our method to provide a useful tool for proteomic characterization of samples where the biological material is scarce. All proteomic data are available under DOI: 10.6019/PXD029039.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariya Nezhyva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 24, Sweden
| | - Olle Eriksson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
| | - Adam Engberg
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
| | - Johan Kreuger
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
| | - Per E Andrén
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 24, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 24, Sweden
| | - Erik T Jansson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 24, Sweden
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17
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Anttila MM, Vickerman BM, Wang Q, Lawrence DS, Allbritton NL. Photoactivatable Reporter to Perform Multiplexed and Temporally Controlled Measurements of Kinase and Protease Activity in Single Cells. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16664-16672. [PMID: 34865468 PMCID: PMC8753264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peptide bioreporters were developed to perform multiplexed measurements of the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase (EGFR), Akt kinase (Akt/protein kinase B), and proteases/peptidases in single cells. The performance characteristics of the three reporters were assessed by measuring the reporter's proteolytic stability, kinetic constants for EGFR and Akt, and dephosphorylation rate. The reporter displaying optimal performance was composed of 6-carboxyfluorescein (6-FAM) on the peptide N-terminus, an Akt substrate sequence employing a threonine phosphorylation site for Akt, followed by a tri-D arginine linker, and finally an EGFR substrate sequence bearing a phosphatase-resistant 7-(S)-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (L-htc) residue as the EGFR phosphorylation site. Importantly, use of a single electrophoretic condition separated the mono- and diphosphorylated products as well as proteolytic forms permitting the quantitation of multiple enzyme activities simultaneously using a single reporter. Because the Akt and EGFR substrates were linked, a known ratio (EGFR/Akt) of the reporter was loaded into cells. A photoactivatable version of the reporter was synthesized by adding two 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl (DMNB) moieties to mask the EGFR and Akt phosphorylation sites. The DMNB moieties were readily photocleaved following exposure to 360 nm light, unmasking the phosphorylation sites on the reporter. The new photoactivatable reporter permitted multiplexed measurements of kinase signaling and proteolytic degradation in single cells in a temporally controlled manner. This work will facilitate the development of a new generation of multiplexed activity-based reporters capable of light-initiated measurement of enzymatic activity in single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. Anttila
- Department of Chemistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98125
| | - Brianna M. Vickerman
- Department of Chemistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Qunzhao Wang
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - David S. Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98125
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18
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Clark KD, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV. Single-Neuron RNA Modification Analysis by Mass Spectrometry: Characterizing RNA Modification Patterns and Dynamics with Single-Cell Resolution. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14537-14544. [PMID: 34672536 PMCID: PMC8608286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The entire collection of post-transcriptional modifications to RNA, known as the epitranscriptome, has been increasingly recognized as a critical regulatory layer in the cellular translation machinery. However, contemporary methods for the analysis of RNA modifications are limited to the detection of highly abundant modifications in bulk tissue samples, potentially obscuring unique epitranscriptomes of individual cells with population averages. We developed an approach, single-neuron RNA modification analysis by mass spectrometry (SNRMA-MS), that enables the detection and quantification of numerous post-transcriptionally modified nucleosides in single cells. When compared to a conventional RNA extraction approach that does not allow detection of RNA modifications in single cells, SNRMA-MS leverages an optimized sample preparation approach to detect up to 16 RNA modifications in individual neurons from the central nervous system of Aplysia californica. SNRMA-MS revealed that the RNA modification profiles of identified A. californica neurons with different physiological functions were mostly cell specific. However, functionally homologous neurons tended to demonstrate similar modification patterns. Stable isotope labeling with CD3-Met showed significant differences in RNA methylation rates that were dependent on the identity of the modification and the cell, with metacerebral cells (MCCs) displaying the fastest incorporation of CD3 groups into endogenous RNAs. Quantitative SNRMA-MS showed higher intracellular concentrations for 2'-O-methyladenosine and 2'-O-methylcytidine in homologous R2/LPl1 cell pairs than in MCCs. Overall, SNRMA-MS is the first analytical approach capable of simultaneously quantifying numerous RNA modifications in single neurons and revealing cell-specific modification profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Clark
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Stanislav S. Rubakhin
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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19
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Ha NS, de Raad M, Han LZ, Golini A, Petzold CJ, Northen TR. Faster, better, and cheaper: harnessing microfluidics and mass spectrometry for biotechnology. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1331-1351. [PMID: 34704041 PMCID: PMC8496484 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00112d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput screening technologies are widely used for elucidating biological activities. These typically require trade-offs in assay specificity and sensitivity to achieve higher throughput. Microfluidic approaches enable rapid manipulation of small volumes and have found a wide range of applications in biotechnology providing improved control of reaction conditions, faster assays, and reduced reagent consumption. The integration of mass spectrometry with microfluidics has the potential to create high-throughput, sensitivity, and specificity assays. This review introduces the widely-used mass spectrometry ionization techniques that have been successfully integrated with microfluidics approaches such as continuous-flow system, microchip electrophoresis, droplet microfluidics, digital microfluidics, centrifugal microfluidics, and paper microfluidics. In addition, we discuss recent applications of microfluidics integrated with mass spectrometry in single-cell analysis, compound screening, and the study of microorganisms. Lastly, we provide future outlooks towards online coupling, improving the sensitivity and integration of multi-omics into a single platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel S Ha
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute Emeryville CA USA
| | - Markus de Raad
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
| | - La Zhen Han
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Berkeley CA USA
| | - Amber Golini
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Berkeley CA USA
| | - Christopher J Petzold
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute Emeryville CA USA
| | - Trent R Northen
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute Emeryville CA USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Berkeley CA USA
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20
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Taylor M, Lukowski JK, Anderton CR. Spatially Resolved Mass Spectrometry at the Single Cell: Recent Innovations in Proteomics and Metabolomics. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:872-894. [PMID: 33656885 PMCID: PMC8033567 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems are composed of heterogeneous populations of cells that intercommunicate to form a functional living tissue. Biological function varies greatly across populations of cells, as each single cell has a unique transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome that translates to functional differences within single species and across kingdoms. Over the past decade, substantial advancements in our ability to characterize omic profiles on a single cell level have occurred, including in multiple spectroscopic and mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques. Of these technologies, spatially resolved mass spectrometry approaches, including mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), have shown the most progress for single cell proteomics and metabolomics. For example, reporter-based methods using heavy metal tags have allowed for targeted MS investigation of the proteome at the subcellular level, and development of technologies such as laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LAESI-MS) now mean that dynamic metabolomics can be performed in situ. In this Perspective, we showcase advancements in single cell spatial metabolomics and proteomics over the past decade and highlight important aspects related to high-throughput screening, data analysis, and more which are vital to the success of achieving proteomic and metabolomic profiling at the single cell scale. Finally, using this broad literature summary, we provide a perspective on how the next decade may unfold in the area of single cell MS-based proteomics and metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
J. Taylor
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jessica K. Lukowski
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Christopher R. Anderton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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21
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Gray ALH, Antevska A, Link BA, Bogin B, Burke SJ, Dupuy SD, Collier JJ, Levine ZA, Karlstad MD, Do TD. α-CGRP disrupts amylin fibrillization and regulates insulin secretion: implications on diabetes and migraine. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5853-5864. [PMID: 34168810 PMCID: PMC8179678 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01167g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being relatively benign and not an indicative signature of toxicity, fibril formation and fibrillar structures continue to be key factors in assessing the structure-function relationship in protein aggregation diseases. The inability to capture molecular cross-talk among key players at the tissue level before fibril formation greatly accounts for the missing link toward the development of an efficacious therapeutic intervention for Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We show that human α-calcitonin gene-related peptide (α-CGRP) remodeled amylin fibrillization. Furthermore, while CGRP and/or amylin monomers reduce the secretion of both mouse Ins1 and Ins2 proteins, CGRP oligomers have a reverse effect on Ins1. Genetically reduced Ins2, the orthologous version of human insulin, has been shown to enhance insulin sensitivity and extend the life-span in old female mice. Beyond the mechanistic insights, our data suggest that CGRP regulates insulin secretion and lowers the risk of T2DM. Our result rationalizes how migraine might be protective against T2DM. We envision the new paradigm of CGRP : amylin interactions as a pivotal aspect for T2DM diagnostics and therapeutics. Maintaining a low level of amylin while increasing the level of CGRP could become a viable approach toward T2DM prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L H Gray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | | | - Benjamin A Link
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Bryan Bogin
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT 06520 USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University New Haven CT 0652 USA
| | - Susan J Burke
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center Baton Rouge LA 70808 USA
| | - Samuel D Dupuy
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Knoxville TN 37920 USA
| | - J Jason Collier
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center Baton Rouge LA 70808 USA
| | - Zachary A Levine
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT 06520 USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University New Haven CT 0652 USA
| | - Michael D Karlstad
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Knoxville TN 37920 USA
| | - Thanh D Do
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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22
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Ng NHJ, Neo CWY, Ding SSL, Teo AKK. Insights from single cell studies of human pancreatic islets and stem cell-derived islet cells to guide functional beta cell maturation in vitro. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 116:193-233. [PMID: 33752818 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is now a sizeable number of single cell transcriptomics studies performed on human and rodent pancreatic islets that have shed light on the unique gene signatures and level of heterogeneity within each individual islet cell type. Following closely from these studies, there is also rapidly-growing activity on characterizing islet-like cells derived from in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) at the single cell level. The overall consensus across the studies so far suggests that the first few stages of differentiation are largely uniform, whereas during pancreatic endocrine commitment, cell trajectories start to diverge, resulting in multiple end-stage pancreatic cells that include progenitor-like, endocrine and non-endocrine cells. Comprehensive transcriptional profiling is important for understanding how and why islet cells, especially the insulin-secreting beta cells, exist in subpopulations that differ in maturity, proliferation rate, sensitivity to stress, and insulin secretion function. For hPSC-derived beta cells to be used confidently for cell therapy, optimal differentiation and thorough characterization is required. The key questions to address are-What is the trajectory of differentiation? Is heterogeneity a natural occurrence or is it a consequence of imperfect differentiation protocols? Can lessons be drawn from the extensive single cell transcriptomic data to help guide maturation of beta cells in vitro? This book chapter seeks to address some of these questions, and facilitate ongoing efforts in improving the beta cell differentiation pipeline or enriching for desired beta cell populations following differentiation, to make way for better mechanistic studies and future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Hui Jin Ng
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claire Wen Ying Neo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shirley Suet Lee Ding
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Abid MSR, Mousavi S, Checco JW. Identifying Receptors for Neuropeptides and Peptide Hormones: Challenges and Recent Progress. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:251-263. [PMID: 33539706 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular signaling events mediated by neuropeptides and peptide hormones represent important targets for both basic science and drug discovery. For many bioactive peptides, the protein receptors that transmit information across the receiving cell membrane are not known, severely limiting these signaling pathways as potential therapeutic targets. Identifying the receptor(s) for a given peptide of interest is complicated by several factors. Most notably, cell-cell signaling peptides are generated through dynamic biosynthetic pathways, can act on many different families of receptor proteins, and can participate in complex ligand-receptor interactions that extend beyond a simple one-to-one archetype. Here, we discuss recent methodological advances to identify signaling partners for bioactive peptides. Recent efforts have centered on methods to identify candidate receptors via transcript expression, methods to match peptide-receptor pairs through high throughput screening, and methods to capture direct ligand-receptor interactions using chemical probes. Future applications of the receptor identification approaches discussed here, as well as technical advancements to address their limitations, promise to lead to a greater understanding of how cells communicate to deliver complex physiologies. Importantly, such advancements will likely provide novel targets for the treatment of human diseases within the central nervous and endocrine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shadman Ridwan Abid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Somayeh Mousavi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - James W. Checco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (NCIBC), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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Lee D, Rubakhin SS, Kusmartseva I, Wasserfall C, Atkinson MA, Sweedler JV. Removing Formaldehyde‐Induced Peptidyl Crosslinks Enables Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Peptide Hormone Distributions from Formalin‐Fixed Paraffin‐Embedded Tissues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Kyu Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 405 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Stanislav S. Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 405 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Irina Kusmartseva
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Clive Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Mark A. Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 405 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana IL 61801 USA
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25
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Alvarsson A, Jimenez-Gonzalez M, Li R, Rosselot C, Tzavaras N, Wu Z, Stewart AF, Garcia-Ocaña A, Stanley SA. A 3D atlas of the dynamic and regional variation of pancreatic innervation in diabetes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/41/eaaz9124. [PMID: 33036983 PMCID: PMC7557000 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz9124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the detailed anatomy of the endocrine pancreas, its innervation, and the remodeling that occurs in diabetes can provide new insights into metabolic disease. Using tissue clearing and whole-organ imaging, we identified the 3D associations between islets and innervation. This technique provided detailed quantification of α and β cell volumes and pancreatic nerve fibers, their distribution and heterogeneity in healthy tissue, canonical mouse models of diabetes, and samples from normal and diabetic human pancreata. Innervation was highly enriched in the mouse endocrine pancreas, with regional differences. Islet nerve density was increased in nonobese diabetic mice, in mice treated with streptozotocin, and in pancreata of human donors with type 2 diabetes. Nerve contacts with β cells were preserved in diabetic mice and humans. In summary, our whole-organ assessment allows comprehensive examination of islet characteristics and their innervation and reveals dynamic regulation of islet innervation in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Alvarsson
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maria Jimenez-Gonzalez
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rosemary Li
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carolina Rosselot
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nikolaos Tzavaras
- The Microscopy CoRE and Advanced Bioimaging Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Regenerative Biology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrew F Stewart
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Lee DK, Rubakhin SS, Kusmartseva I, Wasserfall C, Atkinson MA, Sweedler JV. Removing Formaldehyde-Induced Peptidyl Crosslinks Enables Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Peptide Hormone Distributions from Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22584-22590. [PMID: 32762062 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Linking molecular and chemical changes to human disease states depends on the availability of appropriate clinical samples, mostly preserved as formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens stored in tissue banks. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables the visualization of the spatiotemporal distribution of molecules in biological samples. However, MSI is not effective for imaging FFPE tissues because of the chemical modifications of analytes, including complex crosslinking between nucleophilic moieties. Here we used an MS-compatible inorganic nucleophile, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, to chemically reverse inter- and intra-crosslinks from endogenous molecules. The analyte restoration appears specific for formaldehyde-reactive amino acids. This approach enabled the MSI-assisted localization of pancreatic peptides expressed in the alpha, beta, and gamma cells. Pancreatic islet-like distributions of islet hormones were observed in human FFPE tissues preserved for more than five years, demonstrating that samples from biobanks can effectively be investigated with MSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kyu Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Stanislav S Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Irina Kusmartseva
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Clive Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Vestal M, Li L, Dobrinskikh E, Shi Y, Wang B, Shi X, Li S, Vestal C, Parker K. Rapid MALDI-TOF molecular imaging: Instrument enhancements and their practical consequences. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4423. [PMID: 31314129 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new high performance linear MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer provides both high spatial resolution and high speed. This instrument employs a new ion optics system with a grounded ion source and efficient transfer and detection of ions over a broad mass range. This provides very high sensitivity, precision, and an extended dynamic range for both positive and negative ion detection. Here we demonstrate the capabilities of this system by imaging pancreatic tissue samples from rats and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Vestal
- SimulTOF Systems, Virgin Instruments Corp, Marlborough, Massachusetts, 01752
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | | | - Yatao Shi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
| | - Bowen Wang
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Xudong Shi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
| | - Sicheng Li
- SimulTOF Systems, Virgin Instruments Corp, Marlborough, Massachusetts, 01752
| | - Christina Vestal
- SimulTOF Systems, Virgin Instruments Corp, Marlborough, Massachusetts, 01752
| | - Kenneth Parker
- SimulTOF Systems, Virgin Instruments Corp, Marlborough, Massachusetts, 01752
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De novo discovery of metabolic heterogeneity with immunophenotype-guided imaging mass spectrometry. Mol Metab 2020; 36:100953. [PMID: 32278304 PMCID: PMC7149754 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging mass spectrometry enables in situ label-free detection of thousands of metabolites from intact tissue samples. However, automated steps for multi-omics analyses and interpretation of histological images have not yet been implemented in mass spectrometry data analysis workflows. The characterization of molecular properties within cellular and histological features is done via time-consuming, non-objective, and irreproducible definitions of regions of interest, which are often accompanied by a loss of spatial resolution due to mass spectra averaging. Methods: We developed a new imaging pipeline called Spatial Correlation Image Analysis (SPACiAL), which is a computational multimodal workflow designed to combine molecular imaging data with multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC). SPACiAL allows comprehensive and spatially resolved in situ correlation analyses on a cellular resolution. To demonstrate the method, matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization (MALDI) Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) imaging mass spectrometry of metabolites and multiplex IHC staining were performed on the very same tissue section of mouse pancreatic islets and on human gastric cancer tissue specimens. The SPACiAL pipeline was used to perform an automatic, semantic-based, functional tissue annotation of histological and cellular features to identify metabolic profiles. Spatial correlation networks were generated to analyze metabolic heterogeneity associated with cellular features. Results: To demonstrate the new method, the SPACiAL pipeline was used to identify metabolic signatures of alpha and beta cells within islets of Langerhans, which are cell types that are not distinguishable via morphology alone. The semantic-based, functional tissue annotation allows an unprecedented analysis of metabolic heterogeneity via the generation of spatial correlation networks. Additionally, we demonstrated intra- and intertumoral metabolic heterogeneity within HER2/neu-positive and -negative gastric tumor cells. Conclusions: We developed the SPACiAL workflow to provide IHC-guided in situ metabolomics on intact tissue sections. Diminishing the workload by automated recognition of histological and functional features, the pipeline allows comprehensive analyses of metabolic heterogeneity. The multimodality of immunohistochemical staining and extensive molecular information from imaging mass spectrometry has the advantage of increasing both the efficiency and precision for spatially resolved analyses of specific cell types. The SPACiAL method is a stepping stone for the objective analysis of high-throughput, multi-omics data from clinical research and practice that is required for diagnostics, biomarker discovery, or therapy response prediction. Novel method enables phenotype-guided in situ metabolomics on intact tissue sections. Metabolic heterogeneity can be objectified under (patho-)physiological conditions. Innovative approach for tissue-based, preclinical, and clinical research.
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31
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Neumann EK, Do TD, Comi TJ, Sweedler JV. Exploring the Fundamental Structures of Life: Non-Targeted, Chemical Analysis of Single Cells and Subcellular Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9348-9364. [PMID: 30500998 PMCID: PMC6542728 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cells are a basic functional and structural unit of living organisms. Both unicellular communities and multicellular species produce an astonishing chemical diversity, enabling a wide range of divergent functions, yet each cell shares numerous aspects that are common to all living organisms. While there are many approaches for studying this chemical diversity, only a few are non-targeted and capable of analyzing hundreds of different chemicals at cellular resolution. Here, we review the non-targeted approaches used to perform comprehensive chemical analyses, provide chemical imaging information, or obtain high-throughput single-cell profiling data. Single-cell measurement capabilities are rapidly increasing in terms of throughput, limits of detection, and completeness of the chemical analyses; these improvements enable their application to understand ever more complex physiological phenomena, such as learning, memory, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. Neumann
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Thanh D. Do
- Department of Chemistry, 1420 Circle Drive, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Troy J. Comi
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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32
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Neumann EK, Ellis JF, Triplett AE, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV. Lipid Analysis of 30 000 Individual Rodent Cerebellar Cells Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7871-7878. [PMID: 31122012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell measurements aid our understanding of chemically heterogeneous systems such as the brain. Lipids are one of the least studied chemical classes, and their cell-to-cell heterogeneity remains largely unexplored. We adapted microscopy-guided single-cell profiling using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to profile the lipid composition of over 30 000 individual rat cerebellar cells. We detected 520 lipid features, many of which were found in subsets of cells; Louvain clustering identified 101 distinct groups that can be correlated to neuronal and astrocytic classifications and lipid classes. Overall, the two most common lipids found were [PC(32:0)+H]+ and [PC(34:1)+H]+, which were present within 98.9 and 89.5% of cells, respectively; lipid signals present in <1% of cells were also detected, including [PC(34:1)+K]+ and [PG(40:2(OH))+Na]+. These results illustrate the vast lipid heterogeneity found within rodent cerebellar cells and hint at the distinct functional consequences of this heterogeneity.
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33
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Prentice BM, Hart NJ, Phillips N, Haliyur R, Judd A, Armandala R, Spraggins JM, Lowe CL, Boyd KL, Stein RW, Wright CV, Norris JL, Powers AC, Brissova M, Caprioli RM. Imaging mass spectrometry enables molecular profiling of mouse and human pancreatic tissue. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1036-1047. [PMID: 30955045 PMCID: PMC6553460 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The molecular response and function of pancreatic islet cells during metabolic stress is a complex process. The anatomical location and small size of pancreatic islets coupled with current methodological limitations have prevented the achievement of a complete, coherent picture of the role that lipids and proteins play in cellular processes under normal conditions and in diseased states. Herein, we describe the development of untargeted tissue imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) technologies for the study of in situ protein and, more specifically, lipid distributions in murine and human pancreases. METHODS We developed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) IMS protocols to study metabolite, lipid and protein distributions in mouse (wild-type and ob/ob mouse models) and human pancreases. IMS allows for the facile discrimination of chemically similar lipid and metabolite isoforms that cannot be distinguished using standard immunohistochemical techniques. Co-registration of MS images with immunofluorescence images acquired from serial tissue sections allowed accurate cross-registration of cell types. By acquiring immunofluorescence images first, this serial section approach guides targeted high spatial resolution IMS analyses (down to 15 μm) of regions of interest and leads to reduced time requirements for data acquisition. RESULTS MALDI IMS enabled the molecular identification of specific phospholipid and glycolipid isoforms in pancreatic islets with intra-islet spatial resolution. This technology shows that subtle differences in the chemical structure of phospholipids can dramatically affect their distribution patterns and, presumably, cellular function within the islet and exocrine compartments of the pancreas (e.g. 18:1 vs 18:2 fatty acyl groups in phosphatidylcholine lipids). We also observed the localisation of specific GM3 ganglioside lipids [GM3(d34:1), GM3(d36:1), GM3(d38:1) and GM3(d40:1)] within murine islet cells that were correlated with a higher level of GM3 synthase as verified by immunostaining. However, in human pancreas, GM3 gangliosides were equally distributed in both the endocrine and exocrine tissue, with only one GM3 isoform showing islet-specific localisation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The development of more complete molecular profiles of pancreatic tissue will provide important insight into the molecular state of the pancreas during islet development, normal function, and diseased states. For example, this study demonstrates that these results can provide novel insight into the potential signalling mechanisms involving phospholipids and glycolipids that would be difficult to detect by targeted methods, and can help raise new hypotheses about the types of physiological control exerted on endocrine hormone-producing cells in islets. Importantly, the in situ measurements afforded by IMS do not require a priori knowledge of molecules of interest and are not susceptible to the limitations of immunohistochemistry, providing the opportunity for novel biomarker discovery. Notably, the presence of multiple GM3 isoforms in mouse islets and the differential localisation of lipids in human tissue underscore the important role these molecules play in regulating insulin modulation and suggest species, organ, and cell specificity. This approach demonstrates the importance of both high spatial resolution and high molecular specificity to accurately survey the molecular composition of complex, multi-functional tissues such as the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boone M Prentice
- 9160 MRB III, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Hart
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Neil Phillips
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachana Haliyur
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Audra Judd
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Radhika Armandala
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Spraggins
- 9160 MRB III, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cindy L Lowe
- Translational Pathology Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Translational Pathology Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roland W Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher V Wright
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeremy L Norris
- 9160 MRB III, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- 9160 MRB III, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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34
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Neumann EK, Do TD, Comi TJ, Sweedler JV. Erforschung der fundamentalen Strukturen des Lebens: Nicht zielgerichtete chemische Analyse von Einzelzellen und subzellulären Strukturen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. Neumann
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 405 N. Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Thanh D. Do
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Tennessee 1420 Circle Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Troy J. Comi
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 405 N. Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 405 N. Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
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Schmitt ND, Rawlins CM, Randall EC, Wang X, Koller A, Auclair JR, Kowalski JM, Kowalski PJ, Luther E, Ivanov AR, Agar NYR, Agar JN. Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Proteins Enable High-Throughput Assignment of Cell Cohorts Directly from MALDI-MS Images. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3810-3817. [PMID: 30839199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provides a unique in situ chemical profile that can include drugs, nucleic acids, metabolites, lipids, and proteins. MSI of individual cells (of a known cell type) affords a unique insight into normal and disease-related processes and is a prerequisite for combining the results of MSI and other single-cell modalities (e.g. mass cytometry and next-generation sequencing). Technological barriers have prevented the high-throughput assignment of MSI spectra from solid tissue preparations to their cell type. These barriers include obtaining a suitable cell-identifying image (e.g. immunohistochemistry) and obtaining sufficiently accurate registration of the cell-identifying and MALDI-MS images. This study introduces a technique that overcame these barriers by assigning cell type directly from mass spectra. We hypothesized that, in MSI from mice with a defined fluorescent protein expression pattern, the fluorescent protein's molecular ion could be used to identify cell cohorts. A method was developed for the purification of enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) from mice. To determine EYFP's molecular mass for MSI studies, we performed intact mass analysis and characterized the protein's primary structure and post-translational modifications through various techniques. MALDI-MSI methods were developed to enhance the detection of EYFP in situ, and by extraction of EYFP's molecular ion from MALDI-MS images, automated, whole-image assignment of cell cohorts was achieved. This method was validated using a well-characterized mouse line that expresses EYFP in motor and sensory neurons and should be applicable to hundreds of commercially available mice (and other animal) strains comprising a multitude of cell-specific fluorescent labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Catherine M Rawlins
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Elizabeth C Randall
- Department of Radiology , Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Xianzhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Antonius Koller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Jared R Auclair
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Biopharmaceutical Analysis Training Laboratory (BATL) , Northeastern University Innovation Campus , Burlington , Massachusetts 01803 , United States
| | - Jane-Marie Kowalski
- Bruker Daltonics , 40 Manning Road , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Paul J Kowalski
- Bruker Daltonics , 40 Manning Road , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Ed Luther
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Alexander R Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Department of Radiology , Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Cancer Biology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Jeffrey N Agar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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36
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Gryka MC, Comi TJ, Forsyth RA, Hadley PM, Deb S, Bhargava R. Controlled dissolution of freeform 3D printed carbohydrate glass scaffolds in hydrogels using a hydrophobic spray coating. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2019; 26:193-201. [PMID: 30775269 PMCID: PMC6371974 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Freeform 3D printing combined with sacrificial molding promises to lead advances in production of highly complex tubular systems for biomedical applications. Here we leverage a purpose-built isomalt 3D printer to generate complex channel geometries in hydrogels which would be inaccessible with other techniques. To control the dissolution of the scaffold, we propose an enabling technology consisting of an automated nebulizer coating system which applies octadecane to isomalt scaffolds. Octadecane, a saturated hydrocarbon, protects the rigid mold from dissolution and provides ample time for gels to set around the sacrificial structure. With a simplified model of the nebulizer system, the robotic motion was optimized for uniform coating. Using a combination of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy and X-ray computed tomography, the coating was characterized to assess surface roughness and consistency. Colorimetric measurements of dissolution rates allowed optimization of sprayer parameters, yielding a decrease in dissolution rates by at least 4 orders of magnitude. High fidelity channels are ensured by surfactant treatment of the coating, which prevents bubbles from clinging to the surface. Spontaneous Raman scattering microspectroscopy and white light microscopy indicate cleared channels are free of octadecane following gentle flushing. The capabilities of the workflow are highlighted with several complex channel architectures including helices, blind channels, and multiple independent channels within polyacrylamide hydrogels of varying stiffnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Gryka
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - T J Comi
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - R A Forsyth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - P M Hadley
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - S Deb
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - R Bhargava
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Mechanical Science and Engineering, and Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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37
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GENÇOĞLU H, ŞAHİN K, M. JONES P. Determining the insulin secretion potential for certain specific G-protein coupled receptors in MIN6 pancreatic beta cells. Turk J Med Sci 2019; 49:403-411. [PMID: 30761839 PMCID: PMC7350869 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1712-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim The polypeptide hormone insulin is essential for the maintenance of whole-body fuel homeostasis, and defects in insulin secretion and/or action are associated with the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the role of some G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), GPR54, GPR56, and GPR75, and cannabinoid receptors CB1R and CB2R, in the regulation of pancreatic β-cell function. Materials and methods Insulin secretion from mouse insulinoma β-cell line (MIN6) monolayers was assessed via insulin radioimmunoassay (RIA). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to assess the expression of some specific GPCRs and the other receptors by MIN6 pancreatic β-cells. Results The agonists were not found to be toxic for the MIN6 pancreatic β-cells within the range of the doses used in this study, whereas insulin secretion altered depending on the ligands and receptors. In addition, arachidonyl-2’-chloroethylamide (ACEA), carbachol, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-5 (CCL5), and exendin as well as phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) ligands showed significant increases in the insulin secretion of MIN6 pancreatic β-cells. Conclusion Understanding the normal β-cell function and identifying the defects in β-cell function that lead to the development of diabetes will generate new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan GENÇOĞLU
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Fırat University, ElazığTurkey
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Kazim ŞAHİN
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, ElazığTurkey
| | - Peter M. JONES
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Diabetes Research Group, King’s College London, LondonUK
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38
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Haidas D, Bachler S, Köhler M, Blank LM, Zenobi R, Dittrich PS. Microfluidic Platform for Multimodal Analysis of Enzyme Secretion in Nanoliter Droplet Arrays. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2066-2073. [PMID: 30571917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening of cell-secreted proteins is essential for various biotechnological applications. In this article, we show a microfluidic approach to perform the analysis of cell-secreted proteins in nanoliter droplet arrays by two complementary methods, fluorescence microscopy and mass spectrometry. We analyzed the secretion of the enzyme phytase, a phosphatase used as an animal feed additive, from a low number of yeast cells. Yeast cells were encapsulated in nanoliter volumes by droplet microfluidics and deposited on spatially defined spots on the surface of a glass slide mounted on the motorized stage of an inverted fluorescence microscope. During the following incubation for several hours to produce phytase, the droplets can be monitored by optical microscopy. After addition of a fluorogenic substrate at a defined time, the relative concentration of phytase was determined in every droplet. Moreover, we demonstrate the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) to monitor the multistep conversion of the native substrate phytic acid by phytase secreted in 7 nL droplets containing 50-100 cells. Our method can be adapted to various other protocols. As the droplets are easily accessible, compounds such as assay reagents or matrix molecules can be added to all or to selected droplets only, or part of the droplet volume could be removed. Hence, this platform is a versatile tool for questions related to cell secretome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Haidas
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering , ETH Zürich , Mattenstrasse 26 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Simon Bachler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering , ETH Zürich , Mattenstrasse 26 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Martin Köhler
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology , RWTH Aachen University , Worringer Weg 1 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering , ETH Zürich , Mattenstrasse 26 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter E. Oomen
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Mohaddeseh A. Aref
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Ibrahim Kaya
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Hospital, House V3, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- The Gothenburg Imaging Mass Spectrometry (Go:IMS) Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Nhu T. N. Phan
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
- The Gothenburg Imaging Mass Spectrometry (Go:IMS) Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
- University of Göttingen Medical Center, Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
- The Gothenburg Imaging Mass Spectrometry (Go:IMS) Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
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40
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Astro V, Adamo A. Epigenetic Control of Endocrine Pancreas Differentiation in vitro: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:141. [PMID: 30410880 PMCID: PMC6209628 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The raising worldwide prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM) solicits the derivation of in vitro methods yielding mature and fully functional β-cells to be used in regenerative medicine. Several protocols to differentiate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into human pancreatic β-like cells have recently been developed. These methods, coupled with a bioengineering approach using biocompatible encapsulating devices, have recently led to experimental clinical trials showing great promises to ultimately end the battle of diabetic patients for managing hyperglycemia. However, in vitro differentiation protocols face the challenge of achieving homogenous population of mono-hormonal insulin-secreting mature β-cells. Major epigenetic events such as DNA methylation, post-translational modification of histones and non-coding RNAs expression, orchestrate physiological endocrine pancreas specification into α-, β-, γ-, and δ-cells, both in vivo and in vitro. The dysregulation of such epigenetic processes is associated to multiple pancreatic disorders including diabetes. Understanding the epigenomic and transcriptomic landscape underlying endocrine pancreas development could, therefore, improve in vitro differentiation methods. In this review, we summarize the most effective protocols for in vitro differentiation of hESCs/hiPSCs toward pancreatic β-cells and we discuss the current limitations in the derivation of functional glucose-responsive, insulin-releasing β-cells. Moreover, we focus on the main transcriptional and epigenetic events leading to pancreatic specification and on the applicative potential of novel epigenetic drugs for the establishment of innovative pharmacological therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Astro
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Environmental Epigenetics Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonio Adamo
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Environmental Epigenetics Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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41
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Metabolic Patterning on a Chip: Towards in vitro Liver Zonation of Primary Rat and Human Hepatocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8951. [PMID: 29895900 PMCID: PMC5997652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An important number of healthy and diseased tissues shows spatial variations in their metabolic capacities across the tissue. The liver is a prime example of such heterogeneity where the gradual changes in various metabolic activities across the liver sinusoid is termed as “zonation” of the liver. Here, we introduce the Metabolic Patterning on a Chip (MPOC) platform capable of dynamically creating metabolic patterns across the length of a microchamber of liver tissue via actively enforced gradients of various metabolic modulators such as hormones and inducers. Using this platform, we were able to create continuous liver tissues of both rat and human origin with gradually changing metabolic activities. The gradients we have created in nitrogen, carbohydrate and xenobiotic metabolisms recapitulated an in vivo like zonation and zonal toxic response. Beyond its application in recapitulation of liver zonation in vitro as we demonstrate here, the MPOC platform can be used and expanded for a variety of purposes including better understanding of heterogeneity in many different tissues during developmental and adult stages.
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42
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Tillmaand EG, Sweedler JV. Integrating Mass Spectrometry with Microphysiological Systems for Improved Neurochemical Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 2. [PMID: 30148282 DOI: 10.21037/mps.2018.05.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems, often referred to as "organs-on-chips", are in vitro platforms designed to model the spatial, chemical, structural, and physiological elements of in vivo cellular environments. They enhance the evaluation of complex engineered biological systems and are a step between traditional cell culture and in vivo experimentation. As neurochemists and measurement scientists studying the molecules involved in intercellular communication in the nervous system, we focus here on recent advances in neuroscience using microneurological systems and their potential to interface with mass spectrometry. We discuss a number of examples - microfluidic devices, spheroid cultures, hydrogels, scaffolds, and fibers - highlighting those that would benefit from mass spectrometric technologies to obtain improved chemical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Tillmaand
- Department of Chemistry, the Neuroscience Program and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry, the Neuroscience Program and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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43
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Do TD, Ellis JF, Neumann EK, Comi TJ, Tillmaand EG, Lenhart AE, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV. Optically Guided Single Cell Mass Spectrometry of Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia to Profile Lipids, Peptides and Proteins. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1180-1191. [PMID: 29544029 PMCID: PMC5980748 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are located on the dorsal roots of the spinal nerves and contain cell bodies of primary sensory neurons. DRG cells have been classified into subpopulations based on their size, morphology, intracellular markers, response to stimuli, and neuropeptides. To understand the connections between DRG chemical heterogeneity and cellular function, we performed optically guided, high-throughput single cell profiling using sequential matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MS) to detect lipids, peptides, and several proteins in individual DRG cells. Statistical analysis of the resulting mass spectra allows stratification of the DRG population according to cellular morphology and, presumably, major cell types. A subpopulation of small cells contained myelin proteins, which are abundant in Schwann cells, and mass spectra of several larger cells contained peaks matching neurofilament, vimentin, myelin basic protein S, and thymosin beta proteins. Of the over 1000 cells analyzed, approximately 78 % produced putative peptide-rich spectra, allowing the population to be classified into three distinct cell types. Two signals with m/z 4404 and 5487 were exclusively observed in a cell type, but could not be matched to results of our previous liquid chromatography-MS analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh D. Do
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joseph F. Ellis
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Elizabeth K. Neumann
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Troy J. Comi
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Emily G. Tillmaand
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ashley E. Lenhart
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Stanislav S. Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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44
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Yang B, Patterson NH, Tsui T, Caprioli RM, Norris JL. Single-Cell Mass Spectrometry Reveals Changes in Lipid and Metabolite Expression in RAW 264.7 Cells upon Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29. [PMID: 29536413 PMCID: PMC5943162 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
It has been widely recognized that individual cells that exist within a large population of cells, even if they are genetically identical, can have divergent molecular makeups resulting from a variety of factors, including local environmental factors and stochastic processes within each cell. Presently, numerous approaches have been described that permit the resolution of these single-cell expression differences for RNA and protein; however, relatively few techniques exist for the study of lipids and metabolites in this manner. This study presents a methodology for the analysis of metabolite and lipid expression at the level of a single cell through the use of imaging mass spectrometry on a high-performance Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. This report provides a detailed description of the overall experimental approach, including sample preparation as well as the data acquisition and analysis strategy for single cells. Applying this approach to the study of cultured RAW264.7 cells, we demonstrate that this method can be used to study the variation in molecular expression with cell populations and is sensitive to alterations in that expression that occurs upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Nathan Heath Patterson
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Tina Tsui
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Jeremy L Norris
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.
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45
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Zhang L, Vertes A. Einzelzell‐Massenspektrometrie zur Untersuchung zellulärer Heterogenität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linwen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry The George Washington University Washington DC 20052 USA
| | - Akos Vertes
- Department of Chemistry The George Washington University Washington DC 20052 USA
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46
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Zhang L, Vertes A. Single‐Cell Mass Spectrometry Approaches to Explore Cellular Heterogeneity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4466-4477. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linwen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry The George Washington University Washington DC 20052 USA
| | - Akos Vertes
- Department of Chemistry The George Washington University Washington DC 20052 USA
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47
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DeLaney K, Buchberger AR, Atkinson L, Gründer S, Mousley A, Li L. New techniques, applications and perspectives in neuropeptide research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:221/3/jeb151167. [PMID: 29439063 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.151167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are one of the most diverse classes of signaling molecules and have attracted great interest over the years owing to their roles in regulation of a wide range of physiological processes. However, there are unique challenges associated with neuropeptide studies stemming from the highly variable molecular sizes of the peptides, low in vivo concentrations, high degree of structural diversity and large number of isoforms. As a result, much effort has been focused on developing new techniques for studying neuropeptides, as well as novel applications directed towards learning more about these endogenous peptides. The areas of importance for neuropeptide studies include structure, localization within tissues, interaction with their receptors, including ion channels, and physiological function. Here, we discuss these aspects and the associated techniques, focusing on technologies that have demonstrated potential in advancing the field in recent years. Most identification and structural information has been gained by mass spectrometry, either alone or with confirmations from other techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and other spectroscopic tools. While mass spectrometry and bioinformatic tools have proven to be the most powerful for large-scale analyses, they still rely heavily on complementary methods for confirmation. Localization within tissues, for example, can be probed by mass spectrometry imaging, immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassays. Functional information has been gained primarily from behavioral studies coupled with tissue-specific assays, electrophysiology, mass spectrometry and optogenetic tools. Concerning the receptors for neuropeptides, the discovery of ion channels that are directly gated by neuropeptides opens up the possibility of developing a new generation of tools for neuroscience, which could be used to monitor neuropeptide release or to specifically change the membrane potential of neurons. It is expected that future neuropeptide research will involve the integration of complementary bioanalytical technologies and functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen DeLaney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Amanda R Buchberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Louise Atkinson
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Stefan Gründer
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Angela Mousley
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA .,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1450 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Abstract
Metabolomics, the characterization of metabolites and their changes within biological systems, has seen great technological and methodological progress over the past decade. Most metabolomic experiments involve the characterization of the small-molecule content of fluids or tissue homogenates. While these microliter and larger volume metabolomic measurements can characterize hundreds to thousands of compounds, the coverage of molecular content decreases as sample sizes are reduced to the nanoliter and even to the picoliter volume range. Recent progress has enabled the ability to characterize the major molecules found within specific individual cells. Especially within the brain, a myriad of cell types are colocalized, and oftentimes only a subset of these cells undergo changes in both healthy and pathological states. Here we highlight recent progress in mass spectrometry-based approaches used for single cell metabolomics, emphasizing their application to neuroscience research. Single cell studies can be directed to measuring differences between members of populations of similar cells (e.g., oligodendrocytes), as well as characterizing differences between cell types (e.g., neurons and astrocytes), and are especially useful for measuring changes occurring during different behavior states, exposure to diets and drugs, neuronal activity, and disease. When combined with other omics approaches such as transcriptomics, and with morphological and physiological measurements, single cell metabolomics aids fundamental neurochemical studies, has great potential in pharmaceutical development, and should improve the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qi
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Marina C Philip
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Amarouch MY, El Hilaly J, Mazouzi D. AFM and FluidFM Technologies: Recent Applications in Molecular and Cellular Biology. SCANNING 2018; 2018:7801274. [PMID: 30069282 PMCID: PMC6057332 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7801274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a widely used imaging technique in material sciences. After becoming a standard surface-imaging tool, AFM has been proven to be useful in addressing several biological issues such as the characterization of cell organelles, quantification of DNA-protein interactions, cell adhesion forces, and electromechanical properties of living cells. AFM technique has undergone many successful improvements since its invention, including fluidic force microscopy (FluidFM), which combines conventional AFM with microchanneled cantilevers for local liquid dispensing. This technology permitted to overcome challenges linked to single-cell analyses. Indeed, FluidFM allows isolation and injection of single cells, force-controlled patch clamping of beating cardiac cells, serial weighting of micro-objects, and single-cell extraction for molecular analyses. This work aims to review the recent studies of AFM implementation in molecular and cellular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Yassine Amarouch
- Materials, Natural Substances, Environment and Modeling Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Taza, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
- Biology, Environment & Health Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, University of Moulay Ismaïl Meknes, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Jaouad El Hilaly
- Materials, Natural Substances, Environment and Modeling Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Taza, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
- Biology, Environment & Health Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, University of Moulay Ismaïl Meknes, Meknes, Morocco
- Regional Institute of Education and Training Careers, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Fez, Morocco
| | - Driss Mazouzi
- Materials, Natural Substances, Environment and Modeling Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Taza, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
- Biology, Environment & Health Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, University of Moulay Ismaïl Meknes, Meknes, Morocco
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50
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Cahill JF, Kertesz V. Automated Optically Guided System for Chemical Analysis of Single Plant and Algae Cells Using Laser Microdissection/Liquid Vortex Capture/Mass Spectrometry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1211. [PMID: 30177941 PMCID: PMC6110178 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Current analytical methods are not capable of providing rapid, sensitive, and comprehensive chemical analysis of a wide range of cellular constitutes of single cells (e.g., lipids, metabolites, proteins, etc.) from dispersed cell suspensions and thin tissues. This capability is important for a number of critical applications, including discovery of cellular mechanisms for coping with chemical or environmental stress and cellular response to drug treatment, to name a few. Here we introduce an optically guided platform and methodology for rapid, automated recognition, sampling, and chemical analysis of surface confined individual cells utilizing a novel hybrid laser capture microdissection/liquid vortex capture/mass spectrometry system. The system enabled automated analysis of single cells by reliably detecting and sampling them either through laser ablation from a glass microscope slide or by cutting the entire cell out of a poly(ethylene naphthalate)-coated membrane substrate that the cellular sample is deposited on. Proof of principle experiments were performed using thin tissues of Allium cepa and cultured Euglena gracilis and Phacus cell suspensions as model systems for single cell analysis using the developed method. Reliable, hands-off laser ablation sampling coupled to liquid vortex capture/mass spectrometry analysis was conducted for hundreds of individual Allium cepa cells in connected tissue. In addition, more than 300 individual Euglena gracilis and Phacus cells were analyzed automatically and sampled using laser microdissection sampling with the same liquid vortex capture/mass spectrometry analysis system. Principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis, applied to each mass spectral dataset, was used to determine the accuracy of differentiation of the different algae cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Cahill
- Mass Spectrometry and Laser Spectroscopy Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Vilmos Kertesz
- Mass Spectrometry and Laser Spectroscopy Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
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