1
|
Begar E, Seyrek E, Firat-Karalar EN. Navigating centriolar satellites: the role of PCM1 in cellular and organismal processes. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38825736 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Centriolar satellites are ubiquitous membrane-less organelles that play critical roles in numerous cellular and organismal processes. They were initially discovered through electron microscopy as cytoplasmic granules surrounding centrosomes in vertebrate cells. These structures remained enigmatic until the identification of pericentriolar material 1 protein (PCM1) as their molecular marker, which has enabled their in-depth characterization. Recently, centriolar satellites have come into the spotlight due to their links to developmental and neurodegenerative disorders. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the major advances in centriolar satellite biology, with a focus on studies that investigated their biology associated with the essential scaffolding protein PCM1. We begin by exploring the molecular, cellular, and biochemical properties of centriolar satellites, laying the groundwork for a deeper understanding of their functions and mechanisms at both cellular and organismal levels. We then examine the implications of their dysregulation in various diseases, particularly highlighting their emerging roles in neurodegenerative and developmental disorders, as revealed by organismal models of PCM1. We conclude by discussing the current state of knowledge and posing questions about the adaptable nature of these organelles, thereby setting the stage for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efe Begar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Seyrek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Nur Firat-Karalar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Quinlan S, Khan T, McFall D, Campos-Rodriguez C, Forcelli PA. Early life phenobarbital exposure dysregulates the hippocampal transcriptome. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1340691. [PMID: 38606173 PMCID: PMC11007044 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1340691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Phenobarbital (PB) and levetiracetam (LEV) are the first-line therapies for neonates with diagnosed seizures, however, a growing body of evidence shows that these drugs given during critical developmental windows trigger lasting molecular changes in the brain. While the targets and mechanism of action of these drugs are well understood-what is not known is how these drugs alter the transcriptomic landscape, and therefore molecular profile/gene expression during these critical windows of neurodevelopment. PB is associated with a range of neurotoxic effects in developing animals, from cell death to altered synaptic development to lasting behavioral impairment. LEV does not produce these effects. Methods: Here we evaluated the effects of PB and Lev on the hippocampal transcriptome by RNA sequencing. Neonatal rat pups were given a single dose of PB, Lev or vehicle and sacrificed 72 h later-at time at which drug is expected to be cleared. Results: We found PB induces broad changes in the transcriptomic profile (124 differentially expressed transcripts), as compared to relatively small changes in LEV-treated animals (15 transcripts). PB exposure decreased GABAergic and oligodendrocyte markers pvalb and opalin, and increased the marker of activated microglia, cd68 and the astrocyte- associated gene vegfa. These data are consistent with the existing literature showing developmental neurotoxicity associated with PB, but not LEV. Discussion: The widespread change in gene expression after PB, which affected transcripts reflective of multiple cell types, may provide a link between acute drug administration and lasting drug toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seán Quinlan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tahiyana Khan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - David McFall
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Patrick A. Forcelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heider J, Stahl A, Sperlich D, Hartmann SM, Vogel S, Breitmeyer R, Templin M, Volkmer H. Defined co-cultures of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons with a mutation in DISC1 reveal aberrant phenotypes in GABAergic neurons. BMC Neurosci 2024; 25:12. [PMID: 38438989 PMCID: PMC10910844 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-024-00858-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the gene DISC1 are associated with increased risk for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression. The study of mutated DISC1 represents a well-known and comprehensively characterized approach to understand neuropsychiatric disease mechanisms. However, previous studies have mainly used animal models or rather heterogeneous populations of iPSC-derived neurons, generated by undirected differentiation, to study the effects of DISC1 disruption. Since major hypotheses to explain neurodevelopmental, psychiatric disorders rely on altered neuronal connectivity observed in patients, an ideal iPSC-based model requires accurate representation of the structure and complexity of neuronal circuitries. In this study, we made use of an isogenic cell line with a mutation in DISC1 to study neuronal synaptic phenotypes in a culture system comprising a defined ratio of NGN2 and ASCL1/DLX2 (AD2)-transduced neurons, enriched for glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, respectively, to mimic properties of the cortical microcircuitry. RESULTS In heterozygous DISC1 mutant neurons, we replicated the expected phenotypes including altered neural progenitor proliferation as well as neurite outgrowth, deregulated DISC1-associated signaling pathways, and reduced synaptic densities in cultures composed of glutamatergic neurons. Cultures comprising a defined ratio of NGN2 and AD2 neurons then revealed considerably increased GABAergic synapse densities, which have not been observed in any iPSC-derived model so far. Increased inhibitory synapse densities could be associated with an increased efficiency of GABAergic differentiation, which we observed in AD2-transduced cultures of mutant neurons. Additionally, we found increased neuronal activity in GABAergic neurons through calcium imaging while the activity pattern of glutamatergic neurons remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results demonstrate phenotypic differences in a co-culture comprising a defined ratio of DISC1 mutant NGN2 and AD2 neurons, as compared to culture models comprising only one neuronal cell type. Altered synapse numbers and neuronal activity imply that DISC1 impacts the excitatory/inhibitory balance in NGN2/AD2 co-cultures, mainly through increased GABAergic input.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Heider
- Department of Pharma and Biotech, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Aaron Stahl
- Department of Pharma and Biotech, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Denise Sperlich
- Department of Pharma and Biotech, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Sophia-Marie Hartmann
- Department of Pharma and Biotech, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Vogel
- Department of Pharma and Biotech, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ricarda Breitmeyer
- Department of Pharma and Biotech, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Markus Templin
- Department of Pharma and Biotech, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Hansjürgen Volkmer
- Department of Pharma and Biotech, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zaharija B, Bradshaw NJ. Aggregation of Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 arises from a central region of the protein. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 130:110923. [PMID: 38135095 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
An emerging approach to studying major mental illness is through proteostasis, with the identification of several proteins that form insoluble aggregates in the brains of patients. One of these is Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), a neurodevelopmentally-important scaffold protein, and product of a classic schizophrenia risk gene. DISC1 aggregates have been detected in post mortem brain tissue from patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, as well as various model systems, although the mechanism by which it aggregates is still unclear. Aggregation of two other proteins implicated in mental illness, TRIOBP-1 and NPAS3, was shown to be dependent on very specific structural regions of the protein. We therefore looked at the domain structure of DISC1, and investigated which structural elements are key for its aggregation. While none of the known structured DISC1 regions (named D, I, S and C respectively) formed aggregates individually when expressed in neuroblastoma cells, the combination of the D and I regions, plus the linker region between them, formed visible aggregates. Further refinement revealed that a region of approximately 30 amino acids between these two regions is critical for aggregation, and deletion of this region is sufficient to abolish the aggregation propensity of DISC1. This finding from mammalian cell culture contrasts with the recent determination that the C-region of DISC1 can aggregate in vitro, although some variations of the C-terminal of DISC1 could aggregate in our system. It therefore appears likely that DISC1 aggregation, implicated in mental illness, can occur through at least two distinct mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beti Zaharija
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nicholas J Bradshaw
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Smith KP, Chakravarthy S, Rahi A, Chakraborty M, Vosberg KM, Tonelli M, Plach MG, Grigorescu AA, Curtis JE, Varma D. SAXS/MC studies of the mixed-folded protein Cdt1 reveal monomeric, folded over conformations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.03.573975. [PMID: 38260441 PMCID: PMC10802334 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.573975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Cdt1 is a protein critical for DNA replication licensing and is well-established to be a binding partner of the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex. Cdt1 has also been demonstrated to have an emerging, "moonlighting" role at the kinetochore via direct binding to microtubules and to the Ndc80 complex. However, it is not known how the structure and conformations of Cdt1 could allow for these multiple, completely unique sets of protein complexes. And while there exist multiple robust methods to study entirely folded or entirely unfolded proteins, structure-function studies of combined, mixed folded/disordered proteins remain challenging. It this work, we employ multiple orthogonal biophysical and computational techniques to provide a detailed structural characterization of human Cdt1 92-546. DSF and DSCD show both folded winged helix (WH) domains of Cdt1 are relatively unstable. CD and NMR show the N-terminal and the linker regions are intrinsically disordered. Using DLS and SEC-MALS, we show that Cdt1 is polydisperse, monomeric at high concentrations, and without any apparent inter-molecular self-association. SEC-SAXS of the monomer in solution enabled computational modeling of the protein in silico. Using the program SASSIE, we performed rigid body Monte Carlo simulations to generate a conformational ensemble. Using experimental SAXS data, we filtered for conformations which did and did not fit our data. We observe that neither fully extended nor extremely compact Cdt1 conformations are consistent with our SAXS data. The best fit models have the N-terminal and linker regions extended into solution and the two folded domains close to each other in apparent "folded over" conformations. The best fit Cdt1 conformations are consistent with a function as a scaffold protein which may be sterically blocked without the presence of binding partners. Our studies also provide a template for combining experimental and computational biophysical techniques to study mixed-folded proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle P Smith
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Present Address, Xylia Therapeutics, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Srinivas Chakravarthy
- Biophysics Collaborative Access Team, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Amit Rahi
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Manas Chakraborty
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Kristen M Vosberg
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Marco Tonelli
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Arabela A Grigorescu
- Keck Biophysics Facility, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Joseph E Curtis
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Dileep Varma
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Watanabe M, Khu TM, Warren G, Shin J, Stewart CE, Roche J. Evidence of DISC1 as an arsenic binding protein and implications regarding its role as a translational activator. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1308693. [PMID: 38192336 PMCID: PMC10773898 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1308693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) is a scaffolding protein that plays a pivotal role in orchestrating signaling pathways involved in neurodevelopment, neural migration, and synaptogenesis. Among those, it has recently been reported that the role of DISC1 in the Akt/mTOR pathway can shift from a global translational repressor to a translational activator in response to oxidative stress induced by arsenic. In this study we provide evidence that DISC1 can directly bind arsenic via a C-terminal cysteine motif (C-X-C-X-C). A series of fluorescence-based binding assays were conducted with a truncated C-terminal domain construct of DISC1 and a series of single, double, and triple cysteine mutants. We found that arsenous acid, a trivalent arsenic derivative, specifically binds to the C-terminal cysteine motif of DISC1 with low micromolar affinity. All three cysteines of the motif are required for high-affinity binding. Electron microscopy experiments combined with in silico structural predictions reveal that the C-terminal of DISC1 forms an elongated tetrameric complex. The cysteine motif is consistently predicted to be located within a loop, fully exposed to solvent, providing a simple molecular framework to explain the high-affinity of DISC1 toward arsenous acid. This study sheds light on a novel functional facet of DISC1 as an arsenic binding protein and highlights its potential role as both a sensor and translational modulator within Akt/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muneaki Watanabe
- Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, China
| | - Tung Mei Khu
- Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, China
| | - Grant Warren
- Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, China
| | - Juyoung Shin
- Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, China
| | - Charles E. Stewart
- Macromolecular X-ray Crystallography Facility, Office of Biotechnology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Julien Roche
- Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pluimer BR, Harrison DL, Boonyavairoje C, Prinssen EP, Rogers-Evans M, Peterson RT, Thyme SB, Nath AK. Behavioral analysis through the lifespan of disc1 mutant zebrafish identifies defects in sensorimotor transformation. iScience 2023; 26:107099. [PMID: 37416451 PMCID: PMC10320522 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DISC1 is a genetic risk factor for multiple psychiatric disorders. Compared to the dozens of murine Disc1 models, there is a paucity of zebrafish disc1 models-an organism amenable to high-throughput experimentation. We conducted the longitudinal neurobehavioral analysis of disc1 mutant zebrafish across key stages of life. During early developmental stages, disc1 mutants exhibited abrogated behavioral responses to sensory stimuli across multiple testing platforms. Moreover, during exposure to an acoustic sensory stimulus, loss of disc1 resulted in the abnormal activation of neurons in the pallium, cerebellum, and tectum-anatomical sites involved in the integration of sensory perception and motor control. In adulthood, disc1 mutants exhibited sexually dimorphic reduction in anxiogenic behavior in novel paradigms. Together, these findings implicate disc1 in sensorimotor processes and the genesis of anxiogenic behaviors, which could be exploited for the development of novel treatments in addition to investigating the biology of sensorimotor transformation in the context of disc1 deletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brock R. Pluimer
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Devin L. Harrison
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Chanon Boonyavairoje
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Eric P. Prinssen
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark Rogers-Evans
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Summer B. Thyme
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Anjali K. Nath
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Watanabe M, Khu TM, Warren G, Shin J, Stewart CE, Roche J. Evidence of Disrupted-in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) as an arsenic binding protein and implications regarding its role as a translational activator. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.14.544995. [PMID: 37398111 PMCID: PMC10312692 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.544995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) is a scaffold protein that plays a pivotal role in orchestrating signaling pathways involved in neurodevelopment, neural migration, and synaptogenesis. Among those, it has recently been reported that the role DISC1 in the Akt/mTOR pathway can shift from a global translational repressor to a translational activator in response to oxidative stress induced by arsenic. In this study we are providing evidence that DISC1 can directly bind arsenic via a C-terminal cysteine motif (C-X-C-X-C). A series of fluorescence-based binding assays were conducted with a truncated C-terminal domain construct of DISC1 and a of series of single, double, and triple cysteine mutants. We found that arsenous acid, a trivalent arsenic derivative, specifically binds to the C-terminal cysteine motif of DISC1 with low micromolar affinity. All three cysteines of the motif are required for high-affinity binding. Electron microscopy experiments combined with in silico structural predictions revealed that that the C-terminal of DISC1 forms an elongated tetrameric complex. The cysteine motif is consistently predicted to be located within a loop, fully exposed to solvent, providing a simple molecular framework to explain the high-affinity of DISC1 toward arsenous acid. This study sheds light on a novel functional facet of DISC1 as an arsenic binding protein and highlights its potential role as both a sensor and translational modulator within the Akt/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muneaki Watanabe
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Tung Mei Khu
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Grant Warren
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Juyoung Shin
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Charles E Stewart
- Macromolecular X-ray Crystallography Facility, Office of Biotechnology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Julien Roche
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang W, Guo L, Jiang B, Yan B, Li Y, Ye X, Yang Y, Liu S, Shao Z, Diao H. Role of the Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3-Cyclic AMP/Protein Kinase A in the Immobilization of Human Sperm by Tideglusib. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:1281-1290. [PMID: 36207578 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Tideglusib is considered to be a promising alternative to nonyl alcohol-9 contraceptives. Previous studies have demonstrated that the rapid spermicidal effect of tideglusib at a high concentration (≥ 10 μM) may occur through detergent-like activity; however, the effect of low concentrations of tideglusib (< 5 μM) on sperm is unknown. We explored the intracellular mechanism of tideglusib (< 5 μM) on the immobilization of human sperm by exploring related signaling pathways in human sperm. After treatment with tideglusib (1.25 μM) for 2 h, sperm motility rate decreased to 0, while sperm membrane integrity rate was 70%. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation level and intracellular cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cAMP) concentration decreased significantly compared to those in the control group. Isobutylmethylxanthine and 8-Bromo-cAMP relieved the inhibition of spermatozoa tyrosine phosphorylation, while tyrosine phosphorylation of sperm protein in the H89 and CALP1 treatment groups was significantly inhibited, and there was no difference in the tideglusib treatment group. H-89 and CALP1 reduced the level of serine phosphorylation of GSK-3α/β (Ser21/9), while its level was enhanced by IBMX and 8-Bromo-cAMP. Our results show the existence of the GSK3-cAMP/PKA regulatory loop in human sperm, which may mediate the immobilization effect of tideglusib at low of concentrations (e.g., 1.25 μM) on sperm motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lina Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bingbing Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yiting Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Suying Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhiyu Shao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Hua Diao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Habibi S, Yaghoubzad-Maleki M, Heshmati E, Khalifeh K. Effects of representative point mutations on dynamic behavior of the DISC1-Ndel1 complex: a molecular dynamics study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13228-13234. [PMID: 36858606 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2183030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been found that the development of schizophrenia and some other psychiatric disorders is related to defects in the normal functioning of Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1). It is a large-sized protein containing 855 residues and acts as an active hub at the core of many interactions with various proteins. On the other hand, NudE Neurodevelopment Protein 1 Like 1 (Ndel1) plays a role in nervous system development via interaction with the DISC1. It was shown that some point mutations on DISC1 have clinical implications. In line with these reports, here we have used the NMR structure of the wild-type (WT) C-terminal tail of DISC1 in complex with the N-terminal fragment of Ndel1, and have constructed the three-dimensional structures of L62Q and L29Q mutants, as the pathologic variants of the complex. The time-dependent interaction of DISC1 with Ndel1 in the WT complex and mutants was simulated by performing molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using programs in the GROMACS package. It was found that the flexibility of residues in some regions of the protein chains increases, and secondary structural changes from ordered toward unordered one leads to destabilizing of the complex in mutants. Destabilization of the complex upon substitution of Leu by Gln was also confirmed by analysis of the contact map plot.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Habibi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Emran Heshmati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Khosrow Khalifeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yaghoubzad-Maleki M, Habibi S, Heshmati E, Khalifeh K. Bioinformatics and Molecular Dynamics Studies on the Human DISC1 in Complex with the Ndel1. JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOPHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 22:147-156. [DOI: 10.1142/s2737416523500084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study we analyzed the sequence and structure of the human DISC1-Ndel1 complex using bioinformatics tools and molecular dynamics simulation studies. Multiple sequence alignment between the homologue protein sequences in primates shows that corresponding positions of residues in Ndel1 are highly conserved, while the DISC1 has variable conservation lines demonstrating its tolerability against various mutations during evolutionary time scale. In comparison with the mouse variant, structural analysis has shown that the evolutionary inserted charged residues in the human DISC1 (E[Formula: see text]-R[Formula: see text]) can establish intra-chain electrostatic interactions with the K[Formula: see text]-E[Formula: see text] dipeptide that may result in more stability of the DISC1 chain. According to MD simulation studies, the compactness for the human variant of the DISC1-Ndel1 is considerably lower than that of the mouse variant. Analysis of structural fluctuation shows that a fragment at the N-terminus side of the human DISC1 has more residual fluctuation. However, the Ndel1 chain of the human variant has globally more flexibility compared with the mouse variant. Considering the identical amino acid sequence of the Ndel1 chains of human and mouse, it concluded that there is a competition between the inter-chain and intra-chain electrostatic interaction in the human DISC1 that directs the complex to weaker inter-chain interactions with the expense of strengthening the intra-chain stabilizing interaction in complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saba Habibi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Emran Heshmati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Khosrow Khalifeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dysregulated Signaling at Postsynaptic Density: A Systematic Review and Translational Appraisal for the Pathophysiology, Clinics, and Antipsychotics' Treatment of Schizophrenia. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040574. [PMID: 36831241 PMCID: PMC9954794 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence from genomics, post-mortem, and preclinical studies point to a potential dysregulation of molecular signaling at postsynaptic density (PSD) in schizophrenia pathophysiology. The PSD that identifies the archetypal asymmetric synapse is a structure of approximately 300 nm in diameter, localized behind the neuronal membrane in the glutamatergic synapse, and constituted by more than 1000 proteins, including receptors, adaptors, kinases, and scaffold proteins. Furthermore, using FASS (fluorescence-activated synaptosome sorting) techniques, glutamatergic synaptosomes were isolated at around 70 nm, where the receptors anchored to the PSD proteins can diffuse laterally along the PSD and were stabilized by scaffold proteins in nanodomains of 50-80 nm at a distance of 20-40 nm creating "nanocolumns" within the synaptic button. In this context, PSD was envisioned as a multimodal hub integrating multiple signaling-related intracellular functions. Dysfunctions of glutamate signaling have been postulated in schizophrenia, starting from the glutamate receptor's interaction with scaffolding proteins involved in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Despite the emerging role of PSD proteins in behavioral disorders, there is currently no systematic review that integrates preclinical and clinical findings addressing dysregulated PSD signaling and translational implications for antipsychotic treatment in the aberrant postsynaptic function context. Here we reviewed a critical appraisal of the role of dysregulated PSD proteins signaling in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, discussing how antipsychotics may affect PSD structures and synaptic plasticity in brain regions relevant to psychosis.
Collapse
|
13
|
de Sousa TR, Dt C, Novais F. Exploring the Hypothesis of a Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Continuum: Biological, Genetic and Pharmacologic Data. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2023; 22:161-171. [PMID: 34477537 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210902164235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Present time nosology has its roots in Kraepelin's demarcation of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, accumulating evidence has shed light on several commonalities between the two disorders, and some authors have advocated for the consideration of a disease continuum. Here, we review previous genetic, biological and pharmacological findings that provide the basis for this conceptualization. There is a cross-disease heritability, and they share single-nucleotide polymorphisms in some common genes. EEG and imaging patterns have a number of similarities, namely reduced white matter integrity and abnormal connectivity. Dopamine, serotonin, GABA and glutamate systems have dysfunctional features, some of which are identical among the disorders. Finally, cellular calcium regulation and mitochondrial function are, also, impaired in the two.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Reynolds de Sousa
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Correia Dt
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- ISAMB - Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Novais
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- ISAMB - Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kumar U. Co-immunolocalization of Disc1 and Gas7 protein in adult mice brain. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2022.9050010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to check the potential interaction of two neurodevelopmental proteins, Disc1 and Gas7, in the adult mice brain. Methods: Twenty-four male Swiss albino mice were used for the study. The mice were 12 weeks old in the beginning of the experiment. Immunohistochemistry and co-immunofluorescence were performed on the coronal sections of mice brain and immunoblotting and co-immunoprecipitation were done on the whole brain lysate. Results: Data from immunohistochemistry and co-immunofluorescence indicate the occurrence and co-localization of Disc1 and Gas7 proteins in soma and projections of the brain cells. Immunostaining was observed in cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata and CA3 of hippocampus of the brain. The data from Immunoblotting and co-immunoprecipitation validates the presence and interaction of Disc1 and Gas7 protein in whole brain lysate. Conclusion: Data indicates the potential interaction of Disc1 and Gas7 protein in adult brain. The study highlights the need for further research on Disc1–Gas7 protein interaction in brain development and neuro-disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udaya Kumar
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Garrott SR, Gillies JP, DeSantis ME. Nde1 and Ndel1: Outstanding Mysteries in Dynein-Mediated Transport. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:871935. [PMID: 35493069 PMCID: PMC9041303 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.871935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein-1 (dynein) is the primary microtubule minus-end directed molecular motor in most eukaryotes. As such, dynein has a broad array of functions that range from driving retrograde-directed cargo trafficking to forming and focusing the mitotic spindle. Dynein does not function in isolation. Instead, a network of regulatory proteins mediate dynein’s interaction with cargo and modulate dynein’s ability to engage with and move on the microtubule track. A flurry of research over the past decade has revealed the function and mechanism of many of dynein’s regulators, including Lis1, dynactin, and a family of proteins called activating adaptors. However, the mechanistic details of two of dynein’s important binding partners, the paralogs Nde1 and Ndel1, have remained elusive. While genetic studies have firmly established Nde1/Ndel1 as players in the dynein transport pathway, the nature of how they regulate dynein activity is unknown. In this review, we will compare Ndel1 and Nde1 with a focus on discerning if the proteins are functionally redundant, outline the data that places Nde1/Ndel1 in the dynein transport pathway, and explore the literature supporting and opposing the predominant hypothesis about Nde1/Ndel1’s molecular effect on dynein activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R. Garrott
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - John P. Gillies
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Morgan E. DeSantis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Morgan E. DeSantis,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fricke-Galindo I, Pérez-Aldana BE, Macías-Kauffer LR, González-Arredondo S, Dávila-Ortiz de Montellano D, Aviña-Cervantes CL, López-López M, Rodríguez-Agudelo Y, Monroy-Jaramillo N. Impact of COMT, PRODH and DISC1 Genetic Variants on Cognitive Performance of Patients with Schizophrenia. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:388-398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
17
|
Mutations in DISC1 alter IP 3R and voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel functioning, implications for major mental illness. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20180122. [PMID: 34956649 PMCID: PMC8663806 DOI: 10.1042/ns20180122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) participates in a wide variety of
developmental processes of central neurons. It also serves critical roles that
underlie cognitive functioning in adult central neurons. Here we summarize
DISC1’s general properties and discuss its use as a model system for
understanding major mental illnesses (MMIs). We then discuss the cellular
actions of DISC1 that involve or regulate Ca2+ signaling in adult
central neurons. In particular, we focus on the tethering role DISC1 plays in
transporting RNA particles containing Ca2+ channel subunit RNAs,
including IP3R1, CACNA1C and CACNA2D1, and in transporting mitochondria into
dendritic and axonal processes. We also review DISC1’s role in modulating
IP3R1 activity within mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM).
Finally, we discuss DISC1-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)
signaling that regulates functional expression of voltage-gated Ca2+
channels (VGCCs) at central synapses. In each case, DISC1 regulates the movement
of molecules that impact Ca2+ signaling in neurons.
Collapse
|
18
|
Cukkemane A, Becker N, Zielinski M, Frieg B, Lakomek NA, Heise H, Schröder GF, Willbold D, Weiergräber OH. Conformational heterogeneity coupled with β-fibril formation of a scaffold protein involved in chronic mental illnesses. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:639. [PMID: 34921141 PMCID: PMC8683410 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic mental illnesses (CMIs) pose a significant challenge to global health due to their complex and poorly understood etiologies and hence, absence of causal therapies. Research of the past two decades has revealed dysfunction of the disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) protein as a predisposing factor involved in several psychiatric disorders. DISC1 is a multifaceted protein that serves myriads of functions in mammalian cells, for instance, influencing neuronal development and synapse maintenance. It serves as a scaffold hub forming complexes with a variety (~300) of partners that constitute its interactome. Herein, using combinations of structural and biophysical tools, we demonstrate that the C-region of the DISC1 protein is highly polymorphic, with important consequences for its physiological role. Results from solid-state NMR spectroscopy and electron microscopy indicate that the protein not only forms symmetric oligomers but also gives rise to fibrils closely resembling those found in certain established amyloid proteinopathies. Furthermore, its aggregation as studied by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is an exergonic process, involving a negative enthalpy change that drives the formation of oligomeric (presumably tetrameric) species as well as β-fibrils. We have been able to narrow down the β-core region participating in fibrillization to residues 716-761 of full-length human DISC1. This region is absent in the DISC1Δ22aa splice variant, resulting in reduced association with proteins from the dynein motor complex, viz., NDE-like 1 (NDEL1) and lissencephaly 1 (LIS1), which are crucial during mitosis. By employing surface plasmon resonance, we show that the oligomeric DISC1 C-region has an increased affinity and shows cooperativity in binding to LIS1 and NDEL1, in contrast to the noncooperative binding mode exhibited by the monomeric version. Based on the derived structural models, we propose that the association between the binding partners involves two neighboring subunits of DISC1 C-region oligomers. Altogether, our findings highlight the significance of the DISC1 C-region as a crucial factor governing the balance between its physiological role as a multifunctional scaffold protein and aggregation-related aberrations with potential significance for disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Cukkemane
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany. .,Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Nina Becker
- grid.8385.60000 0001 2297 375XInstitute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany ,grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany ,grid.8385.60000 0001 2297 375XJülich Centre for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Mara Zielinski
- grid.8385.60000 0001 2297 375XInstitute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Frieg
- grid.8385.60000 0001 2297 375XInstitute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nils-Alexander Lakomek
- grid.8385.60000 0001 2297 375XInstitute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany ,grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany ,grid.8385.60000 0001 2297 375XJülich Centre for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Henrike Heise
- grid.8385.60000 0001 2297 375XInstitute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany ,grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany ,grid.8385.60000 0001 2297 375XJülich Centre for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gunnar F. Schröder
- grid.8385.60000 0001 2297 375XInstitute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany ,grid.8385.60000 0001 2297 375XJülich Centre for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany ,grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Physics Department, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany. .,Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Jülich Centre for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Oliver H. Weiergräber
- grid.8385.60000 0001 2297 375XInstitute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany ,grid.8385.60000 0001 2297 375XJülich Centre for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang P, Li M, Zhao A, Ma J. Application of animal experimental models in the research of schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2021; 186:209-227. [PMID: 34155806 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a relatively common but serious mental illness that results in a heavy burden to patients, their families, and society. The disease can be triggered by multiple factors, while the specific pathogenesis remains unclear. The development of effective therapeutic drugs for schizophrenia relies on a comprehensive understanding of the basic biology and pathophysiology of the disease. Therefore, effective animal experimental models play a vital role in the study of schizophrenia. Based on different molecular mechanisms and modeling methods, the currently used experimental animal experimental models of schizophrenia can be divided into four categories that can better simulate the clinical symptoms and the interplay between susceptible genes and the environment: neurodevelopmental, drug-induced, genetic-engineering, and genetic-environmental interaction of animal experimental models. Each of these categories contains multiple subtypes, which has its own advantages and disadvantages and therefore requires careful selection in a research application. The emergence and utilization of these models are promising in the prediction of the risk of schizophrenia at the molecular level, which will shed light on effective and targeted treatment at the genetic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie Wang
- Medical Research Center, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Electron Microscope, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Manling Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gui Yang, Guizhou, China
| | - Aizhen Zhao
- Medical Research Center, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Medical Research Center, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Electron Microscope, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang X, Ye F, Wen Z, Guo Z, Yu C, Huang WK, Rojas Ringeling F, Su Y, Zheng W, Zhou G, Christian KM, Song H, Zhang M, Ming GL. Structural interaction between DISC1 and ATF4 underlying transcriptional and synaptic dysregulation in an iPSC model of mental disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1346-1360. [PMID: 31444471 PMCID: PMC8444148 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0485-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are a collection of heterogeneous mental disorders arising from a contribution of genetic and environmental insults, many of which molecularly converge on transcriptional dysregulation, resulting in altered synaptic functions. The underlying mechanisms linking the genetic lesion and functional phenotypes remain largely unknown. Patient iPSC-derived neurons with a rare frameshift DISC1 (Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1) mutation have previously been shown to exhibit aberrant gene expression and deficits in synaptic functions. How DISC1 regulates gene expression is largely unknown. Here we show that Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4), a DISC1 binding partner, is more abundant in the nucleus of DISC1 mutant human neurons and exhibits enhanced binding to a collection of dysregulated genes. Functionally, overexpressing ATF4 in control neurons recapitulates deficits seen in DISC1 mutant neurons, whereas transcriptional and synaptic deficits are rescued in DISC1 mutant neurons with CRISPR-mediated heterozygous ATF4 knockout. By solving the high-resolution atomic structure of the DISC1-ATF4 complex, we show that mechanistically, the mutation of DISC1 disrupts normal DISC1-ATF4 interaction, and results in excessive ATF4 binding to DNA targets and deregulated gene expression. Together, our study identifies the molecular and structural basis of an DISC1-ATF4 interaction underlying transcriptional and synaptic dysregulation in an iPSC model of mental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Fei Ye
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ziyuan Guo
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chuan Yu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei-Kai Huang
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Pathology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Francisca Rojas Ringeling
- The Human Genetics Pre-doctoral Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yijing Su
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Guomin Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Kimberly M Christian
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Saundh SL, Patnaik D, Gagné S, Bishop JA, Lipsit S, Amat S, Pujari N, Nambisan AK, Bigsby R, Murphy M, Tsai LH, Haggarty SJ, Leung AKW. Identification and Mechanistic Characterization of a Peptide Inhibitor of Glycogen Synthase Kinase (GSK3β) Derived from the Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) Protein. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4128-4138. [PMID: 33253521 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK3β) is a critical regulator of several cellular pathways involved in neurodevelopment and neuroplasticity and as such is a potential focus for the discovery of new neurotherapeutics toward the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. The majority of efforts to develop inhibitors of GSK3β have been focused on developing small molecule inhibitors that compete with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through direct interaction with the ATP binding site. This strategy has presented selectivity challenges due to the evolutionary conservation of this domain within the kinome. The disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) protein has previously been shown to bind and inhibit GSK3β activity. Here, we report the characterization of a 44-mer peptide derived from human DISC1 (hDISCtide) that is sufficient to both bind and inhibit GSK3β in a noncompetitive mode distinct from classical ATP competitive inhibitors. Based on multiple independent biochemical and biophysical assays, we propose that hDISCtide interacts at two distinct regions of GSK3β: an inhibitory region that partially overlaps with the binding site of FRATide, a well-known GSK3β binding peptide, and a specific binding region that is unique to hDISCtide. Taken together, our findings present a novel avenue for developing a peptide-based selective inhibitor of GSK3β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Saundh
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Debasis Patnaik
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Steve Gagné
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Joshua A. Bishop
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Sean Lipsit
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Samat Amat
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Narsimha Pujari
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Anand Krishnan Nambisan
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Robert Bigsby
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Mary Murphy
- Reichert Technologies, 3362 Walden Avenue, Suite 100, Depew, New York 14043, United States
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Adelaine Kwun-Wai Leung
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Su P, Zhang H, Wong AHC, Liu F. The DISC1 R264Q variant increases affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor and increases GSK3 activity. Mol Brain 2020; 13:87. [PMID: 32493513 PMCID: PMC7271519 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene encodes a scaffolding protein that is involved in many neural functions such as neurogenesis, neural differentiation, embryonic neuron migration and neurotransmitter signalling. DISC1 was originally implicated in schizophrenia in a single family with a drastic mutation, a chromosomal translocation severing the mid-point of the gene (aa 598). Some common DISC1 variants have also been associated with schizophrenia in the general population, but those located far from the chromosomal translocation breakpoint likely have a different functional impact. We previously reported that DISC1 forms a protein complex with dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), the main target for antipsychotic medications. The D2R-DISC1 complex is elevated in brain tissue from schizophrenia patients and facilitates glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 signaling. The DISC1 R264Q variant is located within the region that binds the D2R, and we found that this polymorphism increases the affinity of DISC1 for the D2R and promotes GSK3 activity. Our results suggest a possible mechanism by which this common polymorphism could affect aspects of brain function that are relevant to psychosis and schizophrenia. This provides additional insight into molecular mechanisms underlying schizophrenia that could be exploited in the development of novel pharmacological treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Su
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Albert H C Wong
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fang Liu
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sultana R, Shrestha A, Lee CC, Ogundele OM. Disc1 Carrier Mice Exhibit Alterations in Neural pIGF-1Rβ and Related Kinase Expression. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:94. [PMID: 32431597 PMCID: PMC7214624 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of the disc1 gene underlies a broad range of developmental neuropsychiatric defects, including schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder. The pathophysiological phenotypes linked with disc1 mutation are due to the truncation of the DISC1 primary protein structure. This leads to a defective post-synaptic scaffolding and kinase—GSK3β and Erk1/2—signaling. As a result, synaptic function and maintenance are significantly impaired in the disc1 mutant brain. Among several other pathways, GSK3β and Erk1/2 are involved in insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1Rβ) kinase signaling. Although disc1 mutation alters these kinases, it is unclear if the mutation impacts IGF-1R expression and activity in the brain. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of active IGF-1Rβ (pIGF-1Rβ) is altered in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of disc1 mutant mice and vary with the dose of the mutation (homozygous and heterozygous). The expression of pIGF-1Rβ decreased significantly in 129S (hom, disc1−/−) brains. In contrast, 129S:B6 (het, disc1+/−) brains were characterized by an increase in pIGF-1Rβ when compared with the C57BL/6 (disc1+/+) level. The decrease in pIGF-1Rβ level for the 129S brains was accompanied by the loss of Akt activity (S473 pAkt) and decreased Ser9 phosphorylation of GSK3β (increased basal GSK3β). Additionally, hippocampal and cortical pErk1/2 activity increased in the 129S hippocampus and cortex. Although 129S:B6 recorded alterations in pIGF-1Rβ-pAkt-GSK3β (like 129S), there was no observable change in pErk1/2 activity for the heterozygote (disc1+/−) mutant. In addition to GSK3β inhibition, we conclude that pIGF-1R, pAkt, and pErk1/2 are potential targets in disc1−/− mutant brain. On the other hand, pIGF-1R and pAkt can be further explored in disc1+/− brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razia Sultana
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Amita Shrestha
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Charles C Lee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Olalekan M Ogundele
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sultana R, Lee CC. Expression of Behavioral Phenotypes in Genetic and Environmental Mouse Models of Schizophrenia. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:29. [PMID: 32184711 PMCID: PMC7058961 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by multifactorial etiology involving complex interactions among genetic and environmental factors. "Multiple-hit" models of the disorder can explain its variable incidence and prevalence in related individuals. Hence, there is a dire need to understand these interactions in the emergence of schizophrenia. To test these factors in the emergence of schizophrenia-like behaviors, we employed a genetic mouse model of the disorder (harboring the DISC1 mutation) along with various environmental insults, such as early life stress (maternal separation of pups) and/or pharmacological interventions (ketamine injections). When assessed on a battery of behavioral tests, we found that environmental interventions affect the severity of behavioral phenotypes in terms of increased negative behavior, as shown by reduced mobility in the forced swim and tail suspension tests, and changes to positive and cognitive symptoms, such as increased locomotion and disrupted PPI along with reduced working memory, respectively. Among the various interventions, the genetic mutation had the most profound effect on behavioral aberrations, followed by an environmental intervention by ketamine injections and ketamine-injected animals that were maternally separated during early postnatal days. We conclude that although environmental factors increased the prevalence of aberrant behavioral phenotypes, genetic background is still the predominant influence on phenotypic alterations in these mouse models of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razia Sultana
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bradshaw NJ, Trossbach SV, Köber S, Walter S, Prikulis I, Weggen S, Korth C. Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 regulates the processing of reelin in the perinatal cortex. Schizophr Res 2020; 215:506-513. [PMID: 28433501 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a prominent gene in mental illness research, encoding a scaffold protein known to be of importance in the developing cerebral cortex. Reelin is a critical extracellular protein for development and lamination of the prenatal cortex and which has also been independently implicated in mental illness. Regulation of reelin activity occurs through processing by the metalloproteinases ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5. Through cross-breeding of heterozygous transgenic DISC1 mice with heterozygous reeler mice, which have reduced reelin, pups heterozygous for both phenotypes were generated. From these, we determine that transgenic DISC1 leads to a reduction in the processing of reelin, with implications for its downstream signalling element Dab1. An effect of DISC1 on reelin processing was confirmed in vitro, and revealed that intracellular DISC1 affects ADAMTS-4 protein, which in turn is exported and affects processing of extracellular reelin. In transgenic rat cortical cultures, an effect of DISC1 on reelin processing could also be seen specifically in early, immature neurons, but was lost in calretinin and reelin-positive mature neurons, suggesting cell-type specificity. DISC1 therefore acts upstream of reelin in the perinatal cerebral cortex in a cell type/time specific manner, leading to regulation of its activity through altered proteolytic cleavage. Thus a functional link is demonstrated between two proteins, each of independent importance for both cortical development and associated cognitive functions leading to behavioural maladaptation and mental illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Bradshaw
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Svenja V Trossbach
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabrina Köber
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Walter
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingrid Prikulis
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sascha Weggen
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Korth
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hong S, Yi JH, Lee S, Park CH, Ryu JH, Shin KS, Kang SJ. Defective neurogenesis and schizophrenia-like behavior in PARP-1-deficient mice. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:943. [PMID: 31819047 PMCID: PMC6901579 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the current study we present evidence suggesting that PARP-1 regulates neurogenesis and its deficiency may result in schizophrenia-like behavioral deficits in mice. PARP-1 knockout neural stem cells exhibited a marked upregulation of embryonic stem cell phosphatase that can suppress the proliferative signaling of PI3K-Akt and ERK. The suppressed activity of Akt and ERK in the absence of PARP-1 results in the elevation of FOXO1 activity and its downstream target genes p21 and p27, leading to the inhibition of neural stem cell proliferation. Moreover, expression of neurogenic factors and neuronal differentiation were decreased in the PARP-1 knockout neural stem cells whereas glial differentiation was increased. In accordance with the in vitro data, PARP-1 knockout mice exhibited reduced brain weight with enlarged ventricle as well as decreased adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Interestingly, PARP-1 knockout mice exhibited schizophrenia-like symptoms such as anxiety, depression, social interaction deficits, cognitive impairments, and prepulse inhibition deficits. Taken together, our results suggest that PARP-1 regulates neurogenesis during development and in adult and its absence may lead to the schizophrenia-like behavioral abnormality in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seokheon Hong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.,Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Yi
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunction, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonje Lee
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soon Shin
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shin Jung Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Translating preclinical findings in clinically relevant new antipsychotic targets: focus on the glutamatergic postsynaptic density. Implications for treatment resistant schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:795-827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
28
|
Roche J, Potoyan DA. Disorder Mediated Oligomerization of DISC1 Proteins Revealed by Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:9567-9575. [PMID: 31614085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b07467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) is a scaffold protein of significant importance for neuro-development and a prominent candidate protein in the etiology of mental disorders. In this work, we investigate the role of conformational heterogeneity and local structural disorder in the oligomerization pathway of the full-length DISC1 and of two truncation variants. Through extensive coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations with a predictive energy landscape-based model, we shed light on the interplay of local and global disorder which lead to different oligomerization pathways. We found that both global conformational heterogeneity and local structural disorder play an important role in shaping distinct oligomerization trends of DISC1. This study also sheds light on the differences in oligomerization pathways of the full-length protein compared to the truncated variants produced by a chromosomal translocation associated with schizophrenia. We report that oligomerization of full-length DISC1 sequence works in a nonadditive manner with respect to truncated fragments that do not mirror the conformational landscape or binding affinities of the full-length unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Roche
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Davit A Potoyan
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States.,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sultana R, Ogundele OM, Lee CC. Contrasting characteristic behaviours among common laboratory mouse strains. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190574. [PMID: 31312505 PMCID: PMC6599779 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mice are widely used to model wide-ranging human neurological disorders, from development to degenerative pathophysiology. Behavioural and molecular characteristics of these mouse models are influenced by the genetic background of each strain. Among the most commonly used strains, the inbred C57BL/6J, BALB/c, CBA and 129SvEv lines and the CD1 outbred line are particularly predominant. Despite their prevalence, comparative performance of these strains on many standard behavioural tests commonly used to assess neurological conditions remains diffusely and indirectly accessible in the literature. Given that independent studies may be conducted with mice of differing genetic backgrounds, any variation in characteristic behavioural responses of specific strains should be delineated in order to properly interpret results among studies. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to characterize these commonly used mice strains through several standard behavioural tests. Here, we found that animals from different genetic background strains exhibited varying behavioural patterns when assessed for sociability/novelty, memory function, and negative behaviours like despair and stress calls. These results suggest that genetic variation among strains may be responsible-in part-for strain-specific behavioural phenotypes and potential predisposition to some neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razia Sultana
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Synapse Biology Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Author for correspondence: Razia Sultana e-mail:
| | - Olalekan M. Ogundele
- Synapse Biology Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Charles C. Lee
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kakuda K, Niwa A, Honda R, Yamaguchi KI, Tomita H, Nojebuzzaman M, Hara A, Goto Y, Osawa M, Kuwata K. A DISC1 point mutation promotes oligomerization and impairs information processing in a mouse model of schizophrenia. J Biochem 2019; 165:369-378. [PMID: 30561706 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is strongly associated with schizophrenia, but it remains elusive how the modification of the intermolecular interaction of DISC1 affects the information processing in brain. We show that a DISC1 point mutation alters intermolecular cohesiveness promoting the phase separation, and disrupts sensorimotor gating monitored by the prepulse inhibition in a mouse model of schizophrenia. Although the conformation of DISC1 partial peptide with the schizophrenia-related mutation L607F in human or the corresponding L604F in mouse was essentially indistinguishable from the wild type (WT) as long as monitored by fluorescence, circular dichroism, ultracentrifugation, dynamic light scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance, the atomic force microscopy was able to detect their morphological distinctions. The WT peptides were round and well dispersed, while mutants were inhomogeneous and disrupted to form dimer to trimer that aligned along one direction without apparent aggregate formation. Homozygous L604F mutant mice created by CRISPR exhibited the significant decrease in DISC1 level in the immunohistopathology at the hippocampal region compared to the WTs. The ratio of prepulse inhibition of the homozygous mutant mice was significantly impaired compared to WTs. Altered DISC1 distribution or function caused by aberrant intermolecular interactions may contribute to information processing characteristics in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Kakuda
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu
| | - Ayumi Niwa
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu
| | - Ryo Honda
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu
| | - Kei-Ichi Yamaguchi
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu
| | - Md Nojebuzzaman
- Division of Regeneration Technology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu
| | - Yuji Goto
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka
| | - Masatake Osawa
- Division of Regeneration Technology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kuwata
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pruski M, Lang B. Primary Cilia-An Underexplored Topic in Major Mental Illness. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:104. [PMID: 30886591 PMCID: PMC6409319 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Though much progress has been made in recent years towards understanding the function and physiology of primary cilia, they remain a somewhat elusive organelle. Some studies have explored the role of primary cilia in the developing nervous system, and their dysfunction has been linked with several neurosensory deficits. Yet, very little has been written on their potential role in psychiatric disorders. This article provides an overview of some of the functions of primary cilia in signalling pathways, and demonstrates that they are a worthy candidate in psychiatric research. The links between primary cilia and major mental illness have been demonstrated to exist at several levels, spanning genetics, signalling pathways, and pharmacology as well as cell division and migration. The primary focus of this review is on the sensory role of the primary cilium and the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of psychiatric disease. As such, the primary cilium is demonstrated to be a key link between the cellular environment and cell behaviour, and hence of key importance in the considerations of the nature and nurture debate in psychiatric research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pruski
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Critical Care Laboratory, Critical Care Directorate, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Bing Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wilkinson B, Evgrafov O, Zheng D, Hartel N, Knowles JA, Graham NA, Ichida J, Coba MP. Endogenous Cell Type-Specific Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 Interactomes Reveal Protein Networks Associated With Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:305-316. [PMID: 29961565 PMCID: PMC6251761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) has been implicated in a number of psychiatric diseases along with neurodevelopmental phenotypes such as the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells. While there has been significant effort directed toward understanding the function of DISC1 through the determination of its protein-protein interactions within an in vitro setting, endogenous interactions involving DISC1 within a cell type-specific setting relevant to neural development remain unclear. METHODS Using CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) genome engineering technology, we inserted an endogenous 3X-FLAG tag at the C-terminus of the canonical DISC1 gene in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We further differentiated these cells and used affinity purification to determine protein-protein interactions involving DISC1 in iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells and astrocytes. RESULTS We were able to determine 151 novel cell type-specific proteins present in DISC1 endogenous interactomes. The DISC1 interactomes can be clustered into several subcomplexes that suggest novel DISC1 cell-specific functions. In addition, the DISC1 interactome in iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells associates in a connected network containing proteins found to harbor de novo mutations in patients affected by schizophrenia and contains a subset of novel interactions that are known to harbor syndromic mutations in neurodevelopmental disorders. CONCLUSIONS Endogenous DISC1 interactomes within iPSC-derived human neural progenitor cells and astrocytes are able to provide context to DISC1 function in a cell type-specific setting relevant to neural development and enables the integration of psychiatric disease risk factors within a set of defined molecular functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent Wilkinson
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Oleg Evgrafov
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - DongQing Zheng
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Nicolas Hartel
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - James A. Knowles
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Graham
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Justin Ichida
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC
| | - Marcelo P. Coba
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Corresponding Author: Marcelo P. Coba, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, 1501 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Phone: 323-442-4345.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lee H, Lee M, Kim HK, Kim YO, Kwon JT, Kim HJ. Influence of clozapine on neurodevelopmental protein expression and behavioral patterns in animal model of psychiatric disorder induced by low-level of lead. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 23:467-474. [PMID: 31680768 PMCID: PMC6819901 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2019.23.6.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to lead during pregnancy is a risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders in the offspring. In this study, we investigated whether exposure to low levels of lead acetate (0.2%) in drinking water during pregnancy and lactation causes behavioral impairment and affects the expression of proteins associated with neurodevelopment. Lead exposure altered several parameters in rat offspring compared with those unexposed in open-field, social interaction, and pre-pulse inhibition tests. These parameters were restored to normal levels after clozapine treatment. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of the hippocampus revealed that several neurodevelopmental proteins were downregulated in lead-exposed rats. The expression was normalized after clozapine treatment (5 mg/kg/day, postnatal day 35–56). These findings demonstrate that downregulation of several proteins in lead-exposed rats affected subsequent behavioral changes. Our results suggest that lead exposure in early life may induce psychiatric disorders and treatment with antipsychotics such as clozapine may reduce their incidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwayoung Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Minyoung Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ki Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jun-Tack Kwon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Hak-Jae Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Naghavi-Gargari B, Zahirodin A, Ghaderian SMH, Shirvani-Farsani Z. Significant increasing of DISC2 long non-coding RNA expression as a potential biomarker in bipolar disorder. Neurosci Lett 2018; 696:206-211. [PMID: 30599263 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mental disorder that is often misdiagnosed with ineffective treatment. It has strong genetic component but unknown pathophysiology. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recently recognized as one of the important genetic factors and are considered as one of the regulatory mechanisms of nervous system. Given that lncRNAs may be diagnostic biomarkers for BD, we aimed to quantify the levels of DISC1 and DISC2 lncRNA transcripts. The levels of DISC1 and DISC2 lncRNA were tested in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 50 BD and 50 controls by real-time PCR. In addition, we performed ROC curve analysis as well as correlation analysis between the gene expression and some clinical features of BD cases. Computational analysis of miRNAs binding sites and CpG Islands on DISC1 and DISC2 lncRNA was performed as well. Significant down-regulation of DISC1 and up-regulation of DISC2 were observed in BD cases compared with controls. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for DISC1 and DISC2 lncRNA were 0.76 and 0.68 respectively. There was no significant correlation between the levels of mRNA expression in PBMCs of BD patients and clinical features. These data demonstrated that DISC1 and DISC2 lncRNA expression was potentially associated with an increased risk of bipolar disorder and might involve several molecular mechanisms. Our results revealed that the transcript levels of DISC1 and DISC2 lncRNA could be considered as a good putative biomarker for individuals with bipolar disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Naghavi-Gargari
- Department of Basic Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Alireza Zahirodin
- Behavioral Science Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Zeinab Shirvani-Farsani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Neuronal serine racemase associates with Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 and DISC1 agglomerates: Implications for schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2018; 692:107-114. [PMID: 30391323 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
D-Serine, an endogenous coagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) at the glycine binding site, is synthesized by serine racemase (SR) through conversion of l-Serine. Dysregulation of SR/D-Serine and Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) contributes to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia at converging pathways, as perturbation of SR-DISC1 binding in astrocytes elicits schizophrenia-like behaviors in mice. However, an association of neuronal SR with DISC1 remains elusive. Here we report that SR associates with DISC1 and its agglomerates in cortical neurons, which can be modulated by NMDAR activity. Endogenous SR colocalizes with DISC1 large agglomerates in the soma and with smaller puncta in the nucleus and dendrites of cortical neurons. Co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate SR interaction with DISC1 in cortical neuronal lysates, suggesting the physiological presence of functional SR-DISC1 complexes in neurons. Moreover, exogenous d-Serine application significantly increases the interaction of SR with DISC1, the number of DISC1-SR large agglomerates and the levels of DISC1 agglomerated form along with SR in the triton-insoluble pellet fraction, whereas application of glycine with a glycine transporter inhibitor fails to increase their interactions, abundance of DISC1-SR large agglomerates and levels of DISC1 agglomerated form. This increase by d-Serine application is blocked by 7-chlorokynurenic acid, a specific antagonist at the glycine site of NMDARs, suggesting mediation through NMDARs. Our findings thus demonstrate neuronal SR association with DISC1 and its agglomerates, which can be modulated by d-Serine, thereby validating a novel neuronal SR-DISC1 complex responsive to NMDAR activation and providing a molecular mechanism by which pathways implicated in schizophrenia converge.
Collapse
|
36
|
Dahoun T, Pardiñas AF, Veronese M, Bloomfield MAP, Jauhar S, Bonoldi I, Froudist-Walsh S, Nosarti C, Korth C, Hennah W, Walters J, Prata D, Howes OD. The effect of the DISC1 Ser704Cys polymorphism on striatal dopamine synthesis capacity: an [18F]-DOPA PET study. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:3498-3506. [PMID: 29945223 PMCID: PMC6168972 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst the role of the Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene in the aetiology of major mental illnesses is debated, the characterization of its function lends it credibility as a candidate. A key aspect of this functional characterization is the determination of the role of common non-synonymous polymorphisms on normal variation within these functions. The common allele (A) of the DISC1 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs821616 encodes a serine (ser) at the Ser704Cys polymorphism, and has been shown to increase the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein Kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) that stimulate the phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme for dopamine biosynthesis. We therefore set out to test the hypothesis that human ser (A) homozygotes would show elevated dopamine synthesis capacity compared with cysteine (cys) homozygotes and heterozygotes (TT and AT) for rs821616. [18F]-DOPA positron emission tomography (PET) was used to index striatal dopamine synthesis capacity as the influx rate constant Kicer in healthy volunteers DISC1 rs821616 ser homozygotes (N = 46) and healthy volunteers DISC1 rs821616 cys homozygotes and heterozygotes (N = 56), matched for age, gender, ethnicity and using three scanners. We found DISC1 rs821616 ser homozygotes exhibited a significantly higher striatal Kicer compared with cys homozygotes and heterozygotes (P = 0.012) explaining 6.4% of the variance (partial η2 = 0.064). Our finding is consistent with its previous association with heightened activation of ERK1/2, which stimulates tyrosine hydroxylase activity for dopamine synthesis. This could be a potential mechanism mediating risk for psychosis, lending further credibility to the fact that DISC1 is of functional interest in the aetiology of major mental illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Dahoun
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37 JX, UK
| | - Antonio F Pardiñas
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Michael A P Bloomfield
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sameer Jauhar
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ilaria Bonoldi
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Chiara Nosarti
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, Centre for the Developing Brain, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Carsten Korth
- Department Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - William Hennah
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Mental Health Unit, Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James Walters
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Diana Prata
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Cis-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhu S, Abounit S, Korth C, Zurzolo C. Transfer of disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 aggregates between neuronal-like cells occurs in tunnelling nanotubes and is promoted by dopamine. Open Biol 2018; 7:rsob.160328. [PMID: 28275106 PMCID: PMC5376705 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene was identified as a genetic risk factor for chronic mental illnesses (CMI) such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and severe recurrent depression. Insoluble aggregated DISC1 variants were found in the cingular cortex of sporadic, i.e. non-genetic, CMI patients. This suggests protein pathology as a novel, additional pathogenic mechanism, further corroborated in a recent transgenic rat model presenting DISC1 aggregates. Since the potential role of aggregation of DISC1 in sporadic CMI is unknown, we investigated whether DISC1 undergoes aggregation in cell culture and could spread between neuronal cells in a prion-like manner, as shown for amyloid proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Co-culture experiments between donor cells forming DISC1 aggregates and acceptor cells showed that 4.5% of acceptor cells contained donor-derived DISC1 aggregates, thus indicating an efficient transfer in vitro. DISC1 aggregates were found inside tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) and transfer was enhanced by increasing TNT formation and notably by dopamine treatment, which also induces DISC1 aggregation. These data indicate that DISC1 aggregates can propagate between cells similarly to prions, thus providing some molecular basis for the role of protein pathology in CMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seng Zhu
- Institut Pasteur, Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis Unit, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Saïda Abounit
- Institut Pasteur, Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis Unit, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Carsten Korth
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Institut Pasteur, Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis Unit, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dey S, Goswami S, Eisa A, Bhattacharjee R, Brothag C, Kline D, Vijayaraghavan S. Cyclic AMP and glycogen synthase kinase 3 form a regulatory loop in spermatozoa. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:7239-7252. [PMID: 29574946 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The multifaceted glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3) has an essential role in sperm and male fertility. Since cyclic AMP (cAMP) plays an important role in sperm function, we investigated whether GSK3 and cAMP pathways may be interrelated. We used GSK3 and soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) knockout mice and pharmacological modulators to examine this relationship. Intracellular cAMP levels were found to be significantly lower in sperm lacking GSK3α or GSK3β. A similar outcome was observed when sperm cells were treated with SB216763, a GSK3 inhibitor. This reduction of cAMP levels was not due to an effect on sperm adenylyl cyclase but was caused by elevated phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity. The PDE4 inhibitor RS25344 or the general PDE inhibitor IBMX could restore cAMP levels in sperm lacking GSK3α or β-isoform. PDE activity assay also showed that hyperactivated PDE4 contributes in lowering of cAMP levels in GSK3α null sperm suggesting that in wild-type sperm PDE4 activity is kept in check by GSK3. Conversely, PKA being triggered by cAMP, affected GSK3 activity through increasing its phosphorylation. Increased GSK3 phosphorylation also occurred by inhibition of sperm specific protein phosphatase type 1, PP1γ2. The relationship between cAMP, GSK3, and PP1γ2 activities was also confirmed in sperm from sAC null mice. Pull-down assay using recombinant PP1γ2 indicated that PKA, GSK3, and PP1γ2 could exist as a complex. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3 in mature spermatozoa resulted in significantly reduced fertilization of eggs in vitro. Our results show that cAMP, PKA, and GSK3 are interrelated in regulation of sperm function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Dey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Suranjana Goswami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Alaa Eisa
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | | | - Cameron Brothag
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Douglas Kline
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Coley AA, Gao WJ. PSD95: A synaptic protein implicated in schizophrenia or autism? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 82:187-194. [PMID: 29169997 PMCID: PMC5801047 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The molecular components of the postsynaptic density (PSD) in excitatory synapses of the brain are currently being investigated as one of the major etiologies of neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism. Postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) is a major regulator of synaptic maturation by interacting, stabilizing and trafficking N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isox-azoleproprionic acid receptors (AMPARs) to the postsynaptic membrane. Recently, there has been overwhelming evidence that associates PSD-95 disruption with cognitive and learning deficits observed in SCZ and autism. For instance, recent genomic and sequencing studies of psychiatric patients highlight the aberrations at the PSD of glutamatergic synapses that include PSD-95 dysfunction. In animal studies, PSD-95 deficiency shows alterations in NMDA and AMPA-receptor composition and function in specific brain regions that may contribute to phenotypes observed in neuropsychiatric pathologies. In this review, we describe the role of PSD-95 as an essential scaffolding protein during synaptogenesis and neurodevelopment. More specifically, we discuss its interactions with NMDA receptor subunits that potentially affect glutamate transmission, and the formation of silent synapses during critical time points of neurodevelopment. Furthermore, we describe how PSD-95 may alter dendritic spine morphologies, thus regulating synaptic function that influences behavioral phenotypes in SCZ versus autism. Understanding the role of PSD-95 in the neuropathologies of SCZ and autism will give an insight of the cellular and molecular attributes in the disorders, thus providing treatment options in patients affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen-Jun Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Xu Y, Ren J, Ye H. Association between variations in the disrupted in schizophrenia 1 gene and schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Gene 2018; 651:94-99. [PMID: 29410289 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder. Genetic and functional studies have strongly implicated the disrupted in schizophrenia 1 gene (DISC1) as a candidate susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Moreover, recent association studies have indicated that several DISC1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with schizophrenia. However, the association is hardly replicate in different ethnic group. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of the association between DISC1 SNPs and schizophrenia in which the samples were divided into subgroups according to ethnicity. Both rs3738401 and rs821616 showed not significantly association with schizophrenia in the Caucasian, Asian, Japanese or Han Chinese populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center of Schizophrenia, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center of Schizophrenia, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haihong Ye
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center of Schizophrenia, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
DISC1 Regulates Neurogenesis via Modulating Kinetochore Attachment of Ndel1/Nde1 during Mitosis. Neuron 2017; 96:1041-1054.e5. [PMID: 29103808 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mutations of DISC1 (disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1) have been associated with major psychiatric disorders. Despite the hundreds of DISC1-binding proteins reported, almost nothing is known about how DISC1 interacts with other proteins structurally to impact human brain development. Here we solved the high-resolution structure of DISC1 C-terminal tail in complex with its binding domain of Ndel1. Mechanistically, DISC1 regulates Ndel1's kinetochore attachment, but not its centrosome localization, during mitosis. Functionally, disrupting DISC1/Ndel1 complex formation prolongs mitotic length and interferes with cell-cycle progression in human cells, and it causes cell-cycle deficits of radial glial cells in the embryonic mouse cortex and human forebrain organoids. We also observed similar deficits in organoids derived from schizophrenia patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with a DISC1 mutation that disrupts its interaction with Ndel1. Our study uncovers a new mechanism of action for DISC1 based on its structure, and it has implications for how genetic insults may contribute to psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
42
|
Lee H, Jeong H, Choe J, Jun Y, Lim C, Lee C. The crystal structure of human Rogdi provides insight into the causes of Kohlschutter-Tönz Syndrome. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28638151 PMCID: PMC5479863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Kohlschutter-Tönz syndrome (KTS) is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder of childhood onset characterized by global developmental delay, spasticity, epilepsy, and amelogenesis imperfecta. Rogdi, an essential protein, is highly conserved across metazoans, and mutations in Rogdi are linked to KTS. However, how certain mutations in Rogdi abolish its physiological functions and cause KTS is not known. In this study, we determined the crystal structure of human Rogdi protein at atomic resolution. Rogdi forms a novel elongated curved structure comprising the α domain, a leucine-zipper-like four-helix bundle, and a characteristic β-sheet domain. Within the α domain, the N-terminal H1 helix (residues 19–45) pairs with the C-terminal H6 helix (residues 252–287) in an antiparallel manner, indicating that the integrity of the four-helix bundle requires both N- and C-terminal residues. The crystal structure, in conjunction with biochemical data, indicates that the α domain might undergo a conformational change and provide a structural platform for protein–protein interactions. Disruption of the four-helix bundle by mutation results in significant destabilization of the structure. This study provides structural insights into how certain mutations in Rogdi affect its structure and cause KTS, which has important implications for the development of pharmaceutical agents against this debilitating neurological disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakbong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.,Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbin Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.,Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonho Choe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Jun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunghun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwook Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea. .,Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yerabham ASK, Mas PJ, Decker C, Soares DC, Weiergräber OH, Nagel-Steger L, Willbold D, Hart DJ, Bradshaw NJ, Korth C. A structural organization for the Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 protein, identified by high-throughput screening, reveals distinctly folded regions, which are bisected by mental illness-related mutations. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6468-6477. [PMID: 28249940 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.773903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a scaffolding protein of significant importance for neurodevelopment and a prominent candidate protein in the pathology of major mental illness. DISC1 modulates a number of critical neuronal signaling pathways through protein-protein interactions; however, the mechanism by which this occurs and how DISC1 causes mental illness is unclear, partly because knowledge of the structure of DISC1 is lacking. A lack of homology with known proteins has hindered attempts to define its domain composition. Here, we employed the high-throughput Expression of Soluble Proteins by Random Incremental Truncation (ESPRIT) technique to identify discretely folded regions of human DISC1 via solubility assessment of tens of thousands of fragments of recombinant DISC1. We identified four novel structured regions, named D, I, S, and C, at amino acids 257-383, 539-655, 635-738, and 691-836, respectively. One region (D) is located in a DISC1 section previously predicted to be unstructured. All regions encompass coiled-coil or α-helical structures, and three are involved in DISC1 oligomerization. Crucially, three of these domains would be lost or disrupted by a chromosomal translocation event after amino acid 597, which has been strongly linked to major mental illness. Furthermore, we observed that a known illness-related frameshift mutation after amino acid 807 causes the C region to form aberrantly multimeric and aggregated complexes with an unstable secondary structure. This newly revealed domain architecture of DISC1, therefore, provides a powerful framework for understanding the critical role of this protein in a variety of devastating mental illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe J Mas
- the Integrated Structural Biology Grenoble (ISBG) CNRS, CEA, Université Grenoble Alpes, EMBL, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Christina Decker
- the Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dinesh C Soares
- the MRC Human Genetics Unit, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver H Weiergräber
- the Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany, and
| | - Luitgard Nagel-Steger
- the Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,the Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany, and
| | - Dieter Willbold
- the Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,the Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany, and
| | - Darren J Hart
- the Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany, and
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dahoun T, Trossbach SV, Brandon NJ, Korth C, Howes OD. The impact of Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) on the dopaminergic system: a systematic review. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1015. [PMID: 28140405 PMCID: PMC5299392 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a gene known as a risk factor for mental illnesses possibly associated with dopamine impairments. DISC1 is a scaffold protein interacting with proteins involved in the dopamine system. Here we summarise the impact of DISC1 disruption on the dopamine system in animal models, considering its effects on presynaptic dopaminergic function (tyrosine hydroxylase levels, dopamine transporter levels, dopamine levels at baseline and after amphetamine administration) and postsynaptic dopaminergic function (dopamine D1 and D2 receptor levels, dopamine receptor-binding potential and locomotor activity after amphetamine administration). Our findings show that many but not all DISC1 models display (1) increased locomotion after amphetamine administration, (2) increased dopamine levels after amphetamine administration in the nucleus accumbens, and (3) inconsistent basal dopamine levels, dopamine receptor levels and binding potentials. There is also limited evidence for decreased tyrosine hydroxylase levels in the frontal cortex and increased dopamine transporter levels in the striatum but not nucleus accumbens, but these conclusions warrant further replication. The main dopaminergic findings are seen across different DISC1 models, providing convergent evidence that DISC1 has a role in regulating dopaminergic function. These results implicate dopaminergic dysregulation as a mechanism underlying the increased rate of schizophrenia seen in DISC1 variant carriers, and provide insights into how DISC1, and potentially DISC1-interacting proteins such as AKT and GSK-3, could be used as novel therapeutic targets for schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Dahoun
- Psychiatric Imaging Group MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College-Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - S V Trossbach
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - N J Brandon
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, R&D Boston, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - C Korth
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - O D Howes
- Psychiatric Imaging Group MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College-Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Neurology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fudalej S, Jakubczyk A, Kopera M, Piwonski J, Bielecki W, Drygas W, Wasilewska K, Ilgen M, Bohnert A, Barry K, Płoski R, Blow FC, Wojnar M. DISC1 as a Possible Genetic Contribution to Opioid Dependence in a Polish Sample. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2016; 77:220-6. [PMID: 26997180 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2016.77.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) has been linked to vulnerability to a variety of psychiatric disorders and neuropsychiatric phenotypes. However, DISC1 has not been frequently examined as a potential risk factor for substance dependence. An association between opioid dependence and DISC1 rs2738888 polymorphism has been recently reported. In addition, opioid dependence was associated with rs6419156 located close to the protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha isoform (PPP3CA) gene. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between opioid dependence with rs2738888 and rs6419156 in an independent sample. METHOD The selected polymorphisms were genotyped in a sample of 392 individuals (69.9% male) diagnosed as alcohol- and/or opioid-dependent. A control group (n = 257; 67.7% male) was derived from the Polish National Health Survey (N = 14,350). RESULTS The frequency of rs2738888 C allele was higher in controls than in opioid-dependent cases (OR = 0.65, p = .045). Phenotypic-oriented analyses performed within opioid-dependent individuals revealed the association between lifetime suicide attempt and rs2738888. The C allele of rs2738888 had a protective effect on lifetime suicide attempt in opioid-dependent patients (OR = 0.25, p = .003). Rs6419156 was not associated with substance dependence in the examined sample. CONCLUSIONS The DISC1 may play an important role in vulnerability to opioid dependence. In addition, DISC1 may also be a genetic risk factor for suicide attempt in opioid-dependent individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Fudalej
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Jakubczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Kopera
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Piwonski
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bielecki
- Department of Social Pathologies, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Drygas
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Krystyna Wasilewska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mark Ilgen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Veterans Affairs National Serious Mental Illness Treatment Research and Evaluation Center (SMITREC), Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Amy Bohnert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Veterans Affairs National Serious Mental Illness Treatment Research and Evaluation Center (SMITREC), Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kristen Barry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Veterans Affairs National Serious Mental Illness Treatment Research and Evaluation Center (SMITREC), Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Frederic C Blow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Veterans Affairs National Serious Mental Illness Treatment Research and Evaluation Center (SMITREC), Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Marcin Wojnar
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nagalski A, Kozinski K, Wisniewska MB. Metabolic pathways in the periphery and brain: Contribution to mental disorders? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 80:19-30. [PMID: 27644152 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The association between mental disorders and diabetes has a long history. Recent large-scale, well-controlled epidemiological studies confirmed a link between diabetes and psychiatric illnesses. The scope of this review is to summarize our current understanding of this relationship from a molecular perspective. We first discuss the potential contribution of diabetes-associated metabolic impairments to the etiology of mental conditions. Then, we focus on possible shared molecular risk factors and mechanisms. Simple comorbidity, shared susceptibility loci, and common pathophysiological processes in diabetes and mental illnesses have changed our traditional way of thinking about mental illness. We conclude that schizophrenia and affective disorders are not limited to an imbalance in dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission in the brain. They are also systemic disorders that can be considered, to some extent, as metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Nagalski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Kozinski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta B Wisniewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Increased density of DISC1-immunoreactive oligodendroglial cells in fronto-parietal white matter of patients with paranoid schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 266:495-504. [PMID: 26315603 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-015-0640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Profound white matter abnormalities have repeatedly been described in schizophrenia, which involve the altered expression of numerous oligodendrocyte-associated genes. Transcripts of the disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene, a key susceptibility factor in schizophrenia, have recently been shown to be expressed by oligodendroglial cells and to negatively regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation. To learn more about the putative role(s) of oligodendroglia-associated DISC1 in schizophrenia, we analyzed the density of DISC1-immunoreactive oligodendrocytes in the fronto-parietal white matter in postmortem brains of patients with schizophrenia. Compared with controls (N = 12) and cases with undifferentiated/residual schizophrenia (N = 6), there was a significantly increased density of DISC1-expressing glial cells in paranoid schizophrenia (N = 12), which unlikely resulted from neuroleptic treatment. Pathophysiologically, over-expression of DISC1 protein(s) in white matter oligodendrocytes might add to the reduced levels of two myelin markers, 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase and myelin basic protein in schizophrenia. Moreover, it might significantly contribute to cell cycle abnormalities as well as to deficits in oligodendroglial cell differentiation and maturation found in schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
48
|
Piñero-Martos E, Ortega-Vila B, Pol-Fuster J, Cisneros-Barroso E, Ruiz-Guerra L, Medina-Dols A, Heine-Suñer D, Lladó J, Olmos G, Vives-Bauzà C. Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a constituent of the mammalian mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex, and is essential for oxidative phosphorylation. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:4157-4169. [PMID: 27466199 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted in Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) has been associated with a broad spectrum of mental disorders. DISC1 is a multi-compartmentalized protein found in the cytoplasm, centrosome, nuclei and mostly enriched in mitochondria. In order to shed light on DISC1 mitochondrial function, we have studied its topology within the organelle. We show in here that in mammals DISC1 resides in the 'Mitochondrial contact site and Cristae Organizing system' (MICOS) complex, involved in cristae organization. DISC1 knockdown in SH-SY5Y cells causes MICOS disassembly and fragmentation of the mitochondrial morphology network. Moreover, DISC1 depleted cells have decreased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and steady state levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) subunits. As a consequence, OXPHOS complexes and supercomplexes are partially disassembled in DISC1 knockdown cells, which suffer severe bioenergetic defects, evidenced by impaired oxygen consumption, adenosine triphosphate synthesis and mitochondrial membrane potential. Transfection of recombinant full-length human DISC1 restores MICOS complex assembly and rescues OXPHOS function, meanwhile overexpression of the DISC1 truncated form Δ597-854, known to be pathogenic, fails to rescue the bioenergetic impairment caused by DISC1 knockdown. These results should contribute to reveal DISC1 physiological function and potential pathogenic role in severe mental illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Piñero-Martos
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa), 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Bernardo Ortega-Vila
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa), 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josep Pol-Fuster
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa), 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Eugenia Cisneros-Barroso
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa), 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Guerra
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa), 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Aina Medina-Dols
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa), 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Damián Heine-Suñer
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa), 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jerònia Lladó
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa), 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Grup de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Biologia, i Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut, IUNICS, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Gabriel Olmos
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa), 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Grup de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Biologia, i Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut, IUNICS, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristofol Vives-Bauzà
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain .,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa), 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mühle C, Kreczi J, Rhein C, Richter-Schmidinger T, Alexopoulos P, Doerfler A, Lenz B, Kornhuber J. Additive sex-specific influence of common non-synonymous DISC1 variants on amygdala, basal ganglia, and white cortical surface area in healthy young adults. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:881-894. [PMID: 27369464 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) gene is known for its role in the development of mental disorders. It is also involved in neurodevelopment, cognition, and memory. To investigate the association between DISC1 variants and brain morphology, we analyzed the influence of the three common non-synonymous polymorphisms in DISC1 on specific brain structures in healthy young adults. The volumes of brain regions were determined in 145 subjects by magnetic resonance imaging and automated analysis using FreeSurfer. Genotyping was performed by high resolution melting of amplified products. In an additive genetic model, rs6675281 (Leu607Phe), rs3738401 (Arg264Gln), and rs821616 (Ser704Cys) significantly explained the volume variance of the amygdala (p = 0.007) and the pallidum (p = 0.004). A higher cumulative portion of minor alleles was associated with larger volumes of the amygdala (p = 0.005), the pallidum (p = 0.001), the caudate (p = 0.024), and the putamen (p = 0.007). Sex-stratified analysis revealed a strong genetic effect of rs6675281 on putamen and pallidum in females but not in males and an opposite influence of rs3738401 on the white cortical surface in females compared to males. The strongest single association was found for rs821616 and the amygdala volume in male subjects (p < 0.001). No effect was detected for the nucleus accumbens. We report-to our knowledge-for the first time a significant and sex-specific influence of common DISC1 variants on volumes of the basal ganglia, the amygdala and on the cortical surface area. Our results demonstrate that the additive model of all three polymorphisms outperforms their single analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jakob Kreczi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanja Richter-Schmidinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar of the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arnd Doerfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Borkowska M, Millar JK, Price DJ. Altered Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 Function Affects the Development of Cortical Parvalbumin Interneurons by an Indirect Mechanism. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156082. [PMID: 27244370 PMCID: PMC4886955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) gene has been linked to schizophrenia and related major mental illness. Mouse Disc1 has been implicated in brain development, mainly in the proliferation, differentiation, lamination, neurite outgrowth and synapse formation and maintenance of cortical excitatory neurons. Here, the effects of two loss-of-function point mutations in the mouse Disc1 sequence (Q31L and L100P) on cortical inhibitory interneurons were investigated. None of the mutations affected the overall number of interneurons. However, the 100P, but not the 31L, mutation resulted in a significant decrease in the numbers of interneurons expressing parvalbumin mRNA and protein across the sensory cortex. To investigate role of Disc1 in regulation of parvalbumin expression, mouse wild-type Disc-1 or the 100P mutant form were electroporated in utero into cortical excitatory neurons. Overexpression of wild-type Disc1 in these cells caused increased densities of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons in the electroporated area and in areas connected with it, whereas expression of Disc1-100P did not. We conclude that the 100P mutation prevents expression of parvalbumin by a normally sized cohort of interneurons and that altering Disc1 function in cortical excitatory neurons indirectly affects parvalbumin expression by cortical interneurons, perhaps as a result of altered functional input from the excitatory neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Borkowska
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Integrative Physiology, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - J. Kirsty Millar
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Price
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Integrative Physiology, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|