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Huang Q, Lu H, Li J, Ying Q, Gao Y, Wang H, Guo S, Lu K, Qin M, Hu J. Modeling the molecular composition of secondary organic aerosol under highly polluted conditions: A case study in the Yangtze River Delta Region in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173327. [PMID: 38761930 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
A near-explicit mechanism, the master chemical mechanism (MCMv3.3.1), coupled with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model (CMAQ-MCM-SOA), was applied to investigate the characteristics of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) during a pollution event in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in summer 2018. Model performances in predicting explicit volatile organic compounds (VOCs), organic aerosol (OA), secondary organic carbon (SOC), and other related pollutants in Taizhou, as well as ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in multiple cities in this region, were evaluated against observations and model predictions by the CMAQ model coupled with a lumped photochemical mechanism (SAPRC07tic, S07). MCM and S07 exhibited similar performances in predicting gaseous species, while MCM better captured the observed PM2.5 and inorganic aerosols. Both models underpredicted OA concentrations. When excluding data during biomass burning events, SOC concentrations were underpredicted by the CMAQ-MCM-SOA model (-28.4 %) and overpredicted by the CMAQ-S07 model (134.4 %), with better agreement with observations in the trend captured by the CMAQ-MCM-SOA model. Dicarbonyl SOA accounted for a significant fraction of total SOA in the YRD, while organic nitrates originating from aromatics were the most abundant species contributing to the SOA formation from gas-particle partitioning. The oxygen-to‑carbon ratio (O/C) for SOA and OA were 0.68-0.75 and 0.20-0.65, respectively, indicating a higher oxidation state in the areas influenced by biogenic emissions. Finally, the phase state of SOA was examined by calculating the glass transition temperature (Tg) based on its molecular composition. It was found that semi-solid state characterized SOA in the YRD, which could potentially impact their chemical transformation and lifetimes along with those of their precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hutao Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Qi Ying
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yaqin Gao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Momei Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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2
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Liu X, Wu C, Li Z, Li R, Wang F, Lv S, Li R, Zhang F, Wang H, Liang C, Zhang L, Wang G. Atmospheric brown carbon in China haze is dominated by secondary formation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173901. [PMID: 38880143 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Brown carbon (BrC) is a class of light-absorbing organic aerosols (OA) and has significant influence on atmospheric radiative forcing. However, the current limited understanding of the physicochemical properties of BrC restricts the accurate evaluation of its environmental effects. Here the optical characteristics and chemical composition of BrC during wintertime in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, China were measured by using high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry (HR-AMS) and UV-vis spectrometry. Our results showed that BrC in PM2.5 during the campaign was dominated by water-soluble organics, which consist of less oxidized oxygenated OA (LO-OOA), more oxidized oxygenated OA (MO-OOA), fossil fuel OA (FFOA) and biomass burning OA (BBOA). MO-OOA and BBOA were the strongest light absorbing BrC at 365 nm (Abs365), followed by LO-OOA and FFOA with a mass absorption coefficient (MAC) being 0.74 ± 0.04, 0.73 ± 0.03, 0.48 ± 0.04 and 0.39 ± 0.06 m2 g-1 during the campaign, respectively. In the low relative humidity (RH < 80 %) haze periods Abs365 of LO-OOA contributed to 44 % of the total light absorption at 365 nm, followed by MO-OOA (31 %), FFOA (21 %) and BBOA (4 %). In contrast, in the high-RH (RH > 80 %) haze periods Abs365 was dominated by MO-OOA, which accounted for 62 % of the total Abs365, followed by LO-OOA (17 %), BBOA (13 %) and FFOA (8 %). Chemical composition analysis further showed that LO-OOA and MO-OOA are produced from gas-phase photooxidation of VOCs and aerosol aqueous reactions, respectively, in which ammonia significantly enhanced the formation and light absorption of BrC in the high RH haze period. On average, >75 % of the total Abs365nm in the YRD region during the haze events was contributed by LO-OOA and MO-OOA, suggesting that atmospheric BrC in China haze periods is predominantly formed by secondary reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Can Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Rongjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fanglin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shaojun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haoyang Wang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chenlong Liang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- China Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gehui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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3
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Li C, Zhou B, Zhang J, Jiao L, Cheng K, Chen L, Li Y, Li Y, Ho SSH, Wen Z. Optical properties and radiative forcing of carbonaceous aerosols in a valley city under persistent high temperature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172462. [PMID: 38615761 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Carbonaceous aerosols were collected in the valley city of Baoji city in Northern China in August 2022. The light absorption characteristics and influencing factors of black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) were analyzed, and their radiative forcing was estimated. The results showed that the light absorption of secondary brown carbon [AbsBrC,sec (370)] was 7.5 ± 2.4 Mm-1, which was 2.5 times that of primary brown carbon [AbsBrC,pri (370), 3.0 ± 1.2 Mm-1]. During the study period, the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) of aerosol was 1.6, indicating that there was obvious secondary aerosol formation or carbonaceous aerosol aging in the valley city of Baoji. Except for secondary BrC (BrCsec), the light absorption coefficient (Abs) and mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of BC and primary BrC (BrCpri) during the persistent high temperature period (PHT) were higher than those during the normal temperature period (NT) and the precipitation period (PP), which indicated that the light absorption capacity of black carbon and primary brown carbon increased, while the light absorption capacity of secondary brown carbon decreased under persistent high temperature period. Secondary aerosols sulfide (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-) and secondary organic carbon (SOC) are important factors for promoting the light absorption enhancemen of BC and BrCpri and photobleaching of BrCsec during persistent high temperature period. The Principal Component Analysis-Multiple Linear Regression (PCA-MLR) model showed that traffic emissions was the most important source of pollution in Baoji City. Based on this, the secondary source accelerates the aging of BC and BrC, causing changes in light absorption. During PHT, the radiative forcing of BC and BrCpri were enhanced, while the radiative forcing of BrCsec was weakened, but the positive radiative forcing generated by them may aggravate the high-temperature disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, Baoji 721013, China
| | - Bianhong Zhou
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, Baoji 721013, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Junhui Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, Baoji 721013, China
| | - Lihua Jiao
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, Baoji 721013, China
| | - Kaijing Cheng
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, Baoji 721013, China
| | - Long Chen
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, Baoji 721013, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, Baoji 721013, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, Baoji 721013, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, United States
| | - Zhongtao Wen
- Baoji Ecological Environment Science and Technology Service Center, Baoji 721000, China
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4
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Calderon-Arrieta D, Morales AC, Hettiyadura APS, Estock TM, Li C, Rudich Y, Laskin A. Enhanced Light Absorption and Elevated Viscosity of Atmospheric Brown Carbon through Evaporation of Volatile Components. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7493-7504. [PMID: 38637508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Samples of brown carbon (BrC) material were collected from smoke emissions originating from wood pyrolysis experiments, serving as a proxy for BrC representative of biomass burning emissions. The acquired samples, referred to as "pyrolysis oil (PO1)," underwent subsequent processing by thermal evaporation of their volatile compounds, resulting in a set of three additional samples with volume reduction factors of 1.33, 2, and 3, denoted as PO1.33, PO2, and PO3. The chemical compositions of these POx samples and their BrC chromophore features were analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography instrument coupled with a photodiode array detector and a high-resolution mass spectrometer. The investigation revealed a noteworthy twofold enhancement of BrC light absorption observed for the progression of PO1 to PO3 samples, assessed across the spectral range of 300-500 nm. Concurrently, a decrease in the absorption Ångstrom exponent (AAE) from 11 to 7 was observed, indicating a weaker spectral dependence. The relative enhancement of BrC absorption at longer wavelengths was more significant, as exemplified by the increased mass absorption coefficient (MAC) measured at 405 nm from 0.1 to 0.5 m2/g. Molecular characterization further supports this darkening trend, manifesting as a depletion of small oxygenated, less absorbing monoaromatic compounds and the retention of relatively large, less polar, more absorbing constituents. Noteworthy alterations of the PO1 to PO3 mixtures included a reduction in the saturation vapor pressure of their components and an increase in viscosity. These changes were quantified by the mean values shifting from approximately 1.8 × 103 μg/m3 to 2.3 μg/m3 and from ∼103 Pa·s to ∼106 Pa·s, respectively. These results provide quantitative insights into the extent of BrC aerosol darkening during atmospheric aging through nonreactive evaporation. This new understanding will inform the refinement of atmospheric and chemical transport models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Calderon-Arrieta
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ana C Morales
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Taylor M Estock
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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5
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Lan Y, Zhou L, Liu S, Wan R, Wang N, Chen D, Li Y, Jiang Y, Rao Z, Jiang W, Song D, Tan Q, Yang F. Light absorption enhancement of black carbon and its impact factors during winter in a megacity of the Sichuan Basin, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170374. [PMID: 38307267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Carbonaceous aerosols play a vital role in global climate patterns due to their potent light absorption capabilities. However, the light absorption enhancement effect (Eabs) of black carbon (BC) is still subject to great uncertainties due to factors such as the mixing state, coating material, and particle size distribution. In this study, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples were collected in Chengdu, a megacity in the Sichuan Basin, during the winter of 2020 and 2021. The chemical components of PM2.5 and the light absorption properties of BC were investigated. The results revealed that secondary inorganic aerosols and carbonaceous aerosols were the dominant components in PM2.5. Additionally, the aerosol filter filtration-dissolution (AFD) treatment could improve the accuracy of measuring elemental carbon (EC) through thermal/optical analysis. During winter in Chengdu, the absorption enhancement values of BC ranged between 1.56 and 2.27, depending on the absorption wavelength and the mixing state of BC and non-BC materials. The presence of internally mixed BC and non-BC materials significantly contributed to Eabs, accounting for an average of 68 % at 405 nm and 100 % at 635 nm. The thickness of the BC coating influenced Eabs, displaying an increasing-then-decreasing trend. This trend was primarily attributed to the hygroscopic growth and dehydration shrinkage of particulate matter. Nitrate, as the major component of BC coating, played a crucial role in the lensing effect and exhibited fast growth during variation in Eabs. By combining the results from PMF, we identified the secondary formation and vehicle emission as the primary contributors to Eabs. Consequently, this study can provide valuable insights into the optical parameters, which are essential for assessing the environmental quality, improving regional atmospheric conditions, and formulating effective air pollution control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Yibin 644600, China
| | - Li Zhou
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Yibin 644600, China.
| | - Song Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Yibin 644600, China
| | - Ruilin Wan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Yibin 644600, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Yibin 644600, China
| | - Dongyang Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Yibin 644600, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Yibin 644600, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Sichuan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Chengdu 610091, China
| | - Zhihan Rao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Yibin 644600, China; Sichuan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Chengdu 610091, China
| | - Wanting Jiang
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Danlin Song
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Qinwen Tan
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Fumo Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Yibin 644600, China
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6
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Devaprasad M, Rastogi N, Satish R, Patel A, Dabhi A, Shivam A, Bhushan R, Meena R. Dual carbon isotope-based brown carbon aerosol characteristics at a high-altitude site in the northeastern Himalayas: Role of biomass burning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169451. [PMID: 38143007 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 samples (n = 34) were collected from January to April 2017 over Shillong (25.7°N, 91.9°E; 1064 m amsl), a high-altitude site situated in the northeastern Himalaya. The main aim was to understand the sources, characteristics, and optical properties of local vs long-range transported carbonaceous aerosols (CA) using chemical species and dual carbon isotopes (13C and 14C). Percentage biomass burning (BB)/biogenic fraction (fbio, calculated from 14C) varied from 67 to 92 % (78 ± 7) and correlated well with primary BB tracers like f60, and K+, suggesting BB as a considerable source. Rain events are shown to reduce the fbio fraction, indicating majority of BB-derived CA are transported. Further, δ13C (-26.6 ± 0.4) variability was very low over Shillong, suggesting it's limitations in source apportionment over the study region, if used alone. Average ratio of absorption coefficient of methanol-soluble BrC (BrCMS) to water-soluble BrC (BrCWS) at 365 nm was 1.8, indicating a significant part of BrC was water-insoluble. A good positive correlation between fbio and mass absorption efficiency of BrCWS and BrCMS at 365 nm with the higher slope for BrCMS suggests BB derived water-insoluble BrC was more absorbing. Relative radiative forcing (RRF, 300 to 2500 nm) of BrCWS and BrCMS with respect to EC were 11 ± 5 % and 23 ± 16 %, respectively. Further, the RRF of BrCMS was up to 60 %, and that of BrCWS was up to 22 % with respect to EC for the samples with fbio ≥ 0.85 (i.e., dominated by BB), reflecting the importance of BB in BrC RRF estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Devaprasad
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, India; Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - N Rastogi
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, India.
| | - R Satish
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - A Patel
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - A Dabhi
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - A Shivam
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - R Bhushan
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - R Meena
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, India
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7
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Lei Y, Lei X, Tian G, Yang J, Huang D, Yang X, Chen C, Zhao J. Optical Variation and Molecular Transformation of Brown Carbon During Oxidation by NO 3• in the Aqueous Phase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38319710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The NO3•-driven nighttime aging of brown carbon (BrC) is known to greatly impact its atmospheric radiative forcing. However, the impact of oxidation by NO3• on the optical properties of BrC in atmospheric waters as well as the associated reaction mechanism remain unclear. In this work, we found that the optical variation of BrC proxies under environmentally relevant NO3• exposure depends strongly on their sources, with enhanced light absorptivity for biomass-burning BrC but bleaching for urban aerosols and humic substances. High-resolution mass spectrometry using FT-ICR MS shows that oxidation by NO3• leads to the formation of light-absorbing species (e.g., nitrated organics) for biomass-burning BrC while destroying electron donors (e.g., phenols) within charge transfer complexes in urban aerosols and humic substances, as evidenced by transient absorption spectroscopy and NaBH4 reduction experiments as well. Moreover, we found that the measured rate constants between NO3• with real BrCs (k = (1.8 ± 0.6) × 107 MC-1s-1, expressed as moles of carbon) are much higher than those of individual model organic carbon (OC), suggesting the reaction with OCs may be a previously ill-quantified important sink of NO3• in atmospheric waters. This work provides insights into the kinetics and molecular transformation of BrC during the oxidation by NO3•, facilitating further evaluation of BrC's climatic effects and atmospheric NO3• levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xin Lei
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Ge Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Di Huang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jincai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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8
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Zang X, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Li G, Xie H, Zhang W, Wu G, Yang X, Jiang L. Effects of NO 2 and SO 2 on the secondary organic aerosol formation from β-pinene photooxidation. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:151-160. [PMID: 37923426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the effects of anthropogenic pollutants on the photooxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds is crucial to understanding the fundamental mechanisms of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. Here, the impacts of NO2 and SO2 on SOA formation from the photooxidation of a representative monoterpene, β-pinene, were investigated by a number of laboratory studies. The results indicated NO2 enhanced the SOA mass concentrations and particle number concentrations under both low and high β-pinene conditions. This could be rationalized that the increased O3 concentrations upon the NOx photolysis was helpful for the generation of more amounts of O3-oxidized products, which accelerated the SOA nucleation and growth. Combing with NO2, the promotion of the SOA yield by SO2 was mainly reflected in the increase of mass concentration, which might be due to the elimination of the newly formed particles by the initially formed particles. The observed low oxidation degree of SOA might be attributed to the fast growth of SOA, resulting in the uptake of less oxygenated gas-phase species onto the particle phase. The present findings have important implications for SOA formation affected by anthropogenic-biogenic interactions in the ambient atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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9
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Al-Abadleh HA. Iron content in aerosol particles and its impact on atmospheric chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38268472 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04614a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosol effects on ecological and human health remain uncertain due to their highly complex and evolving nature when suspended in air. Atmospheric chemistry, global climate/oceanic and health exposure models need to incorporate more realistic representations of aerosol particles, especially their bulk and surface chemistry, to account for the evolution in aerosol physicochemical properties with time. (Photo)chemistry driven by iron (Fe) in atmospheric aerosol particles from natural and anthropogenic sources remains limited in these models, particularly under aerosol liquid water conditions. In this feature article, recent advances from our work on Fe (photo)reactivity in multicomponent aerosol systems are highlighted. More specifically, reactions of soluble Fe with aqueous extracts of biomass burning organic aerosols and proxies of humic like substances leading to brown carbon formation are presented. Some of these reactions produced nitrogen-containing gaseous and condensed phase products. For comparison, results from these bulk aqueous phase chemical studies were compared to those from heterogeneous reactions simulating atmospheric aging of Fe-containing reference materials. These materials include Arizona test dust (AZTD) and combustion fly ash particles. Also, dissolution of Fe and other trace elements is presented from simulated human exposure experiments to highlight the impact of aerosol aging on levels of trace metals. The impacts of these chemical reactions on aerosol optical, hygroscopic and morphological properties are also emphasized in light of their importance to aerosol-radiation and aerosol-cloud interactions, in addition to biogeochemical processes at the sea/ocean surface microlayer upon deposition. Future directions for laboratory studies on Fe-driven multiphase chemistry are proposed to advance knowledge and encourage collaborations for efficient utilization of expertise and resources among climate, ocean and health scientific communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind A Al-Abadleh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada.
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10
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Chen K, Mayorga R, Hamilton C, Bahreini R, Zhang H, Lin YH. Contribution of Carbonyl Chromophores in Secondary Brown Carbon from Nighttime Oxidation of Unsaturated Heterocyclic Volatile Organic Compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20085-20096. [PMID: 37983166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The light absorption properties of brown carbon (BrC), which are linked to molecular chromophores, may play a significant role in the Earth's energy budget. While nitroaromatic compounds have been identified as strong chromophores in wildfire-driven BrC, other types of chromophores remain to be investigated. Given the electron-withdrawing nature of carbonyls ubiquitous in the atmosphere, we characterized carbonyl chromophores in BrC samples from the nighttime oxidation of furan and pyrrole derivatives, which are important but understudied precursors of secondary organic aerosols primarily found in wildfire emissions. Various carbonyl chromophores were characterized and quantified in BrC samples, and their ultraviolet-visible spectra were simulated by using time-dependent density functional theory. Our findings suggest that chromophores with carbonyls bonded to nitrogen (i.e., imides and amides) derived from N-containing heterocyclic precursors substantially contribute to BrC light absorption. The quantified N-containing carbonyl chromophores contributed to over 40% of the total light absorption at wavelengths below 350 nm and above 430 nm in pyrrole BrC. The contributions of chromophores to total light absorption differed significantly by wavelength, highlighting their divergent importance in different wavelength ranges. Overall, our findings highlight the significance of carbonyl chromophores in secondary BrC and underscore the need for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Chen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Raphael Mayorga
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Caitlin Hamilton
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Roya Bahreini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Haofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ying-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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11
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Wang T, Kalalian C, Fillion D, Perrier S, Chen J, Domine F, Zhang L, George C. Sunlight Induces the Production of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Thermokarst Ponds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17363-17373. [PMID: 37903215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Ground subsidence caused by permafrost thawing causes the formation of thermokarst ponds, where organic compounds from eroding permafrost accumulate. We photolyzed water samples from two such ponds in Northern Quebec and discovered the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using mass spectrometry. One pond near peat-covered permafrost mounds was organic-rich, while the other near sandy mounds was organic-poor. Compounds up to C10 were detected, comprising the atoms of O, N, and S. The main compounds were methanol, acetaldehyde, and acetone. Hourly VOC fluxes under actinic fluxes similar to local solar fluxes might reach up to 1.7 nmol C m-2 s-1. Unexpectedly, the fluxes of VOCs from the organic-poor pond were greater than those from the organic-rich pond. We suggest that different segregations of organics at the air/water interface may partly explain this observation. This study indicates that sunlit thermokarst ponds are a significant source of atmospheric VOCs, which may affect the environment and climate via ozone and aerosol formation. Further work is required for understanding the relationship between the pond's organic composition and VOC emission fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Carmen Kalalian
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Daniel Fillion
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) and CNRS-INSU (France), Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Pavillon Abitibi-Price, Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Florent Domine
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) and CNRS-INSU (France), Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Pavillon Abitibi-Price, Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Christian George
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
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12
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Liu X, Wang H, Wang F, Lv S, Wu C, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Liu S, Xu X, Lei Y, Wang G. Secondary Formation of Atmospheric Brown Carbon in China Haze: Implication for an Enhancing Role of Ammonia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37406304 PMCID: PMC10399565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical characteristics and molecular compositions of brown carbon (BrC) were investigated during winter 2019 at a rural site of China with a focus on nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs) and imidazoles (IMs). The abundance of gaseous nitrophenols relative to CO during the campaign maximized at noontime, being similar to O3, while the particulate NACs during the haze periods strongly correlated with toluene and NO2, suggesting that NACs in the region are largely formed from the gas-phase photooxidation. Strong correlations of particulate IMs in the dry haze periods with the mass ratio of EC/PM2.5 and the concentration of levoglucosan were observed, indicating that IMs during the dry events are largely derived from biomass burning emissions. However, an increase in IMs with the increasing aerosol liquid water content and pH was observed in the humid haze events, along with much lower abundances of levoglucosan and K+ relative to PM2.5, suggesting that IMs were mostly formed from aqueous reactions in the humid haze periods. These IMs exponentially increased with an increasing NH3 owing to an aqueous reaction of carbonyls with free ammonia. Our findings for the first time revealed an enhancing effect of ammonia on BrC formation in China, especially in humid haze periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haoyang Wang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fanglin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shaojun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Can Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming, Cuiniao Road, Chenjia Zhen, Chongming, Shanghai 202150, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xinbei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yali Lei
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Gehui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming, Cuiniao Road, Chenjia Zhen, Chongming, Shanghai 202150, China
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13
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Shi X, Qiu X, Li A, Jiang X, Wei G, Zheng Y, Chen Q, Chen S, Hu M, Rudich Y, Zhu T. Polar Nitrated Aromatic Compounds in Urban Fine Particulate Matter: A Focus on Formation via an Aqueous-Phase Radical Mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:5160-5168. [PMID: 36940425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polar nitrated aromatic compounds (pNACs) are key ambient brown carbon chromophores; however, their formation mechanisms, especially in the aqueous phase, remain unclear. We developed an advanced technique for pNACs and measured 1764 compounds in atmospheric fine particulate matter sampled in urban Beijing, China. Molecular formulas were derived for 433 compounds, of which 17 were confirmed using reference standards. Potential novel species with up to four aromatic rings and a maximum of five functional groups were found. Higher concentrations were detected in the heating season, with a median of 82.6 ng m-3 for Σ17pNACs. Non-negative matrix factorization analysis indicated that primary emissions particularly coal combustion were dominant in the heating season. While in the non-heating season, aqueous-phase nitration could generate abundant pNACs with the carboxyl group, which was confirmed by their significant association with the aerosol liquid water content. Aqueous-phase formation of 3- and 5-nitrosalicylic acids instead of their isomer of 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzoic acid suggests the existence of an intermediate where the intramolecular hydrogen bond favors kinetics-controlled NO2• nitration. This study provides not only a promising technique for the pNAC measurement but also evidence for their atmospheric aqueous-phase formation, facilitating further evaluation of pNACs' climatic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, and College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, and College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ailin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, and College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xing Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, and College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Gaoyuan Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, and College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, and College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, and College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, and College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, and College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tong Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, and College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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14
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Yang B, Liu J, Xie Z, Zhang J, Wei X, Yang Y, Wu D, Gui H. Retrieval of refractive index of ultrafine single particle using hygroscopic growth factor obtained by high sensitive surface plasmon resonance microscopy. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 126:483-493. [PMID: 36503775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
When exposed to different relative humidities (RHs), the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols will change because of changes in the aerosol particle size and complex refractive index (RI), which will affect haze formation and global climate change. The potential contributions of ultrafine particles to the atmospheric optical characteristics and to haze spreading cannot be ignored because of their high particle number concentrations and strong diffusibility; measurement of the optical properties of wet ultrafine particles is thus highly important for environmental assessment. Therefore, a surface plasmon resonance microscopy with azimuthal rotation illumination (SPRM-ARI) system is designed to determine the RIs of single particle aerosols with diameters of less than 100 nm in the hygroscopic growth process. Measurements are taken using mixed single particles with different mass ratios. The RIs of mixed single aerosols at different RHs are retrieved by measuring the scattering light intensity using the SPRM-ARI system and almost all the RIs of the bicomponent particles with different mass ratios decrease with increasing water content under high RH conditions. Finally, for each of the bicomponent particles, the maximum standard deviations for the retrieved RI values are only 2.06×10-3, 3.08×10-3 and 3.83×10-3, corresponding to the NaCl and NaNO3 bicomponent particles with a 3:1 mass ratio at 76.0% RH, the NaCl and glucose particles with a 1:3 mass ratio at 89.0% RH, and the NaCl and OA particles with a 1:1 mass ratio at 78.0% RH, respectively; these results indicate that the high-sensitivity SPRM-ARI system can measure the RI effectively and accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhibo Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Jiaoshi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiuli Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Dexia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Huaqiao Gui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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15
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Huang M, Wang H, Shan X, Sheng L, Hu C, Gu X, Zhang W. Experimental study on synchrotron radiation photoionization of secondary organic aerosol derived from styrene ozonolysis. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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16
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Tian M, Li H, Wang G, Fu M, Qin X, Lu D, Liu C, Zhu Y, Luo X, Deng C, Abdullaev SF, Huang K. Seasonal source identification and formation processes of marine particulate water soluble organic nitrogen over an offshore island in the East China Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160895. [PMID: 36539088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Water soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) had great influences on the aerosol chemistry, hygroscopicity, marine primary productivity, as well as nitrogen biogeochemical cycles. Aerosol sampling was conducted over an offshore island in the East China Sea in four seasons of 2019, aiming to reveal the seasonal sources and secondary formation processes of marine WSON. The annual mean WSON concentration reached 1.05 ± 1.72 μg/m3 with a mean WSON/WSTN fraction of 27 %. In spring, WSON was associated with combustion emissions. The liquid-phase reaction of NH3/NH4+ with VOCs was a potential secondary formation process of WSON. In summer, WSON was mainly formed through the gaseous phase oxidation of marine biogenic precursors. In autumn, WSON showed miscellaneous sources from agricultural activities, biomass burning, and fossil fuel combustion. In addition to the contribution from primary urea, WSON could be also affected by the oxidation of biological proteinaceous matters. This explained the highest WSON concentrations and WSON/WSOC ratios in autumn. In winter, WSON was probably emitted from sea spray aerosols via the bubble-bursting processes. This study indicated that the sources of WSON over the coastal waters in the East China Sea were quite diverse, highlighting the need of more detailed characterization of marine WSON at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guochen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mengxin Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaofei Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Da Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chengfeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yucheng Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xingzhang Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Congrui Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sabur F Abdullaev
- Physical Technical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Kan Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, No.20 Cuiniao Road, Chen Jiazhen, Shanghai 202162, China; IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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17
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Malek KA, Rastogi D, Al-Abadleh HA, Asa-Awuku AA. Hygroscopicity of nitrogen-containing organic carbon compounds: o-aminophenol and p-aminophenol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:229-240. [PMID: 35815759 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00163b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing Organic Carbon (NOC) is a major constituent of atmospheric aerosols and they have received significant attention in the atmospheric science community. While extensive research and advancements have been made regarding their emission sources, concentrations, and their secondary formation in the atmosphere, little is known about their water uptake efficiencies and their subsequent role in climate, air quality, and visibility. In this study, we investigated the water uptake of two sparingly soluble aromatic NOCs: o-aminophenol (oAP) and p-aminophenol (pAP) under subsaturated and supersaturated conditions using a Hygroscopicity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (H-TDMA) and a Cloud Condensation Nuclei Counter (CCNC), respectively. Our results show that oAP and pAP are slightly hygroscopic with comparable hygroscopicities to various studied organic aerosols. The supersaturated single hygroscopicity parameter (κCCN) was measured and reported to be 0.18 ± 0.05 for oAP and 0.04 ± 0.02 for pAP, indicating that oAP is more hygroscopic than pAP despite them having the same molecular formulae. The observed disparity in hygroscopicity is attributed to the difference in functional group locations, interactions with gas phase water molecules, and the reported bulk water solubilities of the NOC. Under subsaturated conditions, both oAP and pAP aerosols showed size dependent water uptake. Both species demonstrated growth at smaller dry particle sizes, and shrinkage at larger dry particle sizes. The measured growth factor (Gf) range, at RH = 85%, for oAP was 1.60-0.74 and for pAP was 1.53-0.74 with increasing particle size. The growth and shrinkage dichotomy is attributed to morphological particle differences verified by TEM images of small and large particles. Subsequently, aerosol physicochemical properties must be considered to properly predict the droplet growth of NOC aerosols in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotiba A Malek
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Dewansh Rastogi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Hind A Al-Abadleh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.
| | - Akua A Asa-Awuku
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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18
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Wang G, Meng L, Gou Q, Hanoune B, Crumeyrolle S, Fagniez T, Coeur C, Akiki R, Chen W. Novel Broadband Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectrometer for Simultaneous Measurements of NO 2 and Particulate Matter. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3460-3467. [PMID: 36716285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel instrument based on broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy has been developed using a supercontinuum broadband light source, which showcases its ability in simultaneous measurements of the concentration of NO2 and the extinction of particulate matter. Side-by-side intercomparison was carried out with the reference NOx analyzer for NO2 and OPC-N2 particle counter for particulate matter, which shows a good linear correlation with r2 > 0.90. The measurement limits (1σ) of the developed instrument were experimentally determined to be 230 pptv in 40 s for NO2 and 1.24 Mm-1 for the extinction of particulate matter in 15 s. This work provides a promising method in simultaneously monitoring atmospheric gaseous compounds and particulate matter, which would further advance our understanding on gas-particle heterogeneous interactions in the context of climate change and air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxuan Wang
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Qianhu South Road Rd.1, 315100Ningbo, China.,Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue Maurice Schuman, 59140Dunkerque, France
| | - Lingshuo Meng
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue Maurice Schuman, 59140Dunkerque, France
| | - Qian Gou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Daxuecheng South Rd. 55, 401331Chongqing, China
| | - Benjamin Hanoune
- Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Université de Lille1, Bâtiment C11, 59655Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Suzanne Crumeyrolle
- Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université de Lille1, Bâtiment P5, 59655Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Thomas Fagniez
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue Maurice Schuman, 59140Dunkerque, France
| | - Cécile Coeur
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue Maurice Schuman, 59140Dunkerque, France
| | - Rony Akiki
- ENVEATM (ex Environment SA), 111 Boulevard Robespierre CS 80004, 78304Poissy Cedex 4, France
| | - Weidong Chen
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue Maurice Schuman, 59140Dunkerque, France
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19
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Li D, Wu C, Zhang S, Lei Y, Lv S, Du W, Liu S, Zhang F, Liu X, Liu L, Meng J, Wang Y, Gao J, Wang G. Significant coal combustion contribution to water-soluble brown carbon during winter in Xingtai, China: Optical properties and sources. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:892-900. [PMID: 36182192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To understand the characteristics of atmospheric brown carbon (BrC), daily PM2.5 samples in Xingtai, a small city in North China Plain (NCP), during the four seasons of 2018-2019, were collected and analyzed for optical properties and chemical compositions. The light absorption at 365 nm (absλ=365 nm) displayed a strong seasonal variation with the highest value in winter (29.0±14.3 M/m), which was 3.2∼5.4-fold of that in other seasons. A strong correlation of absλ=365 nm with benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF) was only observed in winter, indicating that coal combustion was the major source for BrC in the season due to the enhanced domestic heating. The mass absorbing efficiency of BrC also exhibited a similar seasonal pattern, and was found to correlate linearly with the aerosol pH, suggesting a positive effect of aerosol acidity on the optical properties and formation of BrC in the city. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis further showed that on a yearly basis the major source for BrC was biomass burning, which accounted for 34% of the total BrC, followed by secondary formation (26.7%), coal combustion (21.3%) and fugitive dust (18%). However, the contribution from coal combustion was remarkably enhanced in winter, accounting for ∼40% of the total. Our work revealed that more efforts of "shifting coal to clean energy" are necessary in rural areas and small cities in NCP in order to further mitigate PM2.5 pollution in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Li
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Can Wu
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Si Zhang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yali Lei
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shaojun Lv
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lang Liu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jingjing Meng
- School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yuesi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Gehui Wang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, Chenjia Zhen, Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China.
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20
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Liu Y, Zhou M, Lu K. Compilation of reaction kinetics parameters determined in the Key Development Project for Air Pollution Formation Mechanism and Control Technologies in China. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 123:327-340. [PMID: 36521996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A compilation of new advances made in the research field of laboratory reaction kinetics in China's Key Development Project for Air Pollution Formation Mechanism and Control Technologies was presented. These advances are grouped into six broad, interrelated categories, including volatile organic compound (VOC) oxidation, secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, new particle formation (NPF) and gas-particle partitioning, ozone chemistry, model parameters, and secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) formation, highlighting the laboratory work done by Chinese researchers. For smog chamber applications, the current knowledge gained from laboratory studies is reviewed, with emphasis on summarizing the oxidation mechanisms of long-chain alkanes, aromatics, alkenes, aldehydes/ketones in the atmosphere, SOA formation from anthropogenic emission sources, and oxidation of aromatics, isoprene, and limonene, as well as SIA formation. For flow tube applications, atmospheric oxidation mechanisms of toluene and methacrolein, SOA formation from limonene oxidation by ozone, gas-particle partitioning of peroxides, and sulfuric acid-water (H2SO4-H2O) binary nucleation, methanesulfonic acid-water (MSA-H2O) binary nucleation, and sulfuric acid-ammonia-water (H2SO4-NH3-H2O) ternary nucleation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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21
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Peng C, Deng C, Lei T, Zheng J, Zhao J, Wang D, Wu Z, Wang L, Chen Y, Liu M, Jiang J, Ye A, Ge M, Wang W. Measurement of atmospheric nanoparticles: Bridging the gap between gas-phase molecules and larger particles. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 123:183-202. [PMID: 36521983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nanoparticles are crucial components contributing to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and therefore have significant effects on visibility, climate, and human health. Due to the unique role of atmospheric nanoparticles during the evolution process from gas-phase molecules to larger particles, a number of sophisticated experimental techniques have been developed and employed for online monitoring and characterization of the physical and chemical properties of atmospheric nanoparticles, helping us to better understand the formation and growth of new particles. In this paper, we firstly review these state-of-the-art techniques for investigating the formation and growth of atmospheric nanoparticles (e.g., the gas-phase precursor species, molecular clusters, physicochemical properties, and chemical composition). Secondly, we present findings from recent field studies on the formation and growth of atmospheric nanoparticles, utilizing several advanced techniques. Furthermore, perspectives are proposed for technique development and improvements in measuring atmospheric nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chenjuan Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ting Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China
| | - Dongbin Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Anpei Ye
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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22
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Ivančič M, Gregorič A, Lavrič G, Alföldy B, Ježek I, Hasheminassab S, Pakbin P, Ahangar F, Sowlat M, Boddeker S, Rigler M. Two-year-long high-time-resolution apportionment of primary and secondary carbonaceous aerosols in the Los Angeles Basin using an advanced total carbon-black carbon (TC-BC(λ)) method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157606. [PMID: 35896132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, carbonaceous aerosols (CA) have been recognized as a significant contributor to the concentration of particles smaller than 2.5 μm (i.e., PM2.5), with a negative impact on public health and Earth's radiative balance. In this study, we present a method for CA apportionment based on high-time-resolution measurements of total carbon (TC), black carbon (BC), and spectral dependence of absorption coefficient using a recently developed Carbonaceous Aerosol Speciation System (CASS). Two-year-long CA measurements at two different locations within California's Los Angeles Basin are presented. CA was apportioned based on its optical absorption properties, organic or elemental carbon composition, and primary or secondary origin. We found that the secondary organic aerosols (SOA), on average, represent >50 % of CA in the study area, presumably resulting from the oxidation of anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic components. Remarkable peaks of SOA in summer afternoons were observed, with a fractional contribution of up to 90 %. On the other hand, the peak of primary emitted CA, consisting of BC and primary organic aerosol (POA), contributed >80 % to the CA during morning rush hours on winter working days. The light absorption of BC dominated over the brown carbon (BrC), which contributed to 20 % and 10 % of optical absorption at the lower wavelength of 370 nm during winter nights and summer afternoons, respectively. The highest contribution of BrC, up to 50 %, was observed during the wildfire periods. Although the uncertainty levels can be high for some CA components (such as split between primary emitted and secondary formed BrC during winter nights), further research focused on the optical properties of CA at different locations may help to better constrain the parameters used in CA apportionment studies. We believe that the CASS system combined with the apportionment method presented in this study can offer simplified and cost-effective insights into the composition of carbonaceous aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matic Ivančič
- Aerosol d.o.o., Research & Development Department, Kamniška 39a, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Asta Gregorič
- Aerosol d.o.o., Research & Development Department, Kamniška 39a, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Centre for Atmospheric Research, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Gašper Lavrič
- Aerosol d.o.o., Research & Development Department, Kamniška 39a, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bálint Alföldy
- Aerosol d.o.o., Research & Development Department, Kamniška 39a, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Ježek
- Aerosol d.o.o., Research & Development Department, Kamniška 39a, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sina Hasheminassab
- South Coast Air Quality Management District, 21865 Copley Dr, Diamond Bar, CA 91765, USA
| | - Payam Pakbin
- South Coast Air Quality Management District, 21865 Copley Dr, Diamond Bar, CA 91765, USA
| | - Faraz Ahangar
- South Coast Air Quality Management District, 21865 Copley Dr, Diamond Bar, CA 91765, USA
| | - Mohammad Sowlat
- South Coast Air Quality Management District, 21865 Copley Dr, Diamond Bar, CA 91765, USA
| | - Steven Boddeker
- South Coast Air Quality Management District, 21865 Copley Dr, Diamond Bar, CA 91765, USA
| | - Martin Rigler
- Aerosol d.o.o., Research & Development Department, Kamniška 39a, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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23
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Guo Z, Zhang W, Zhao B, Gao L, Ji Y, Ji Y. Photooxidation browning mechanism of small α-dicarbonyl compounds on natural mineral particle in the presence of methylamine/ammonia. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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24
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Lian X, Tang G, Dao X, Hu X, Xiong X, Zhang G, Wang Z, Cheng C, Wang X, Bi X, Li L, Li M, Zhou Z. Seasonal variations of imidazoles in urban areas of Beijing and Guangzhou, China by single particle mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:156995. [PMID: 35777561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Imidazoles (IMs) are potential contributors to brown carbon; they may notably contribute to climate radiative forcing. However, only a few studies have assessed the mixing state, seasonal and spatial distributions of IMs, and influencing factors for IM formation in urban aerosols. In this study, two single-particle aerosol mass spectrometers were employed to investigate the IM-containing particles in the urban areas of Beijing and Guangzhou, China. IM-containing particles were identified in the size range (dva) of 0.2-2.0 μm, accounting for 0.7-21.7 % of all the detected particles. The number fractions of IM-containing particles in both cities were the lowest in winter and the highest in spring, probably owing to the difference in the abundance of precursors and the particle acidity. Majority of (60-80 % by number) the IM-containing particles were mixed with organic carbon (OC), with the lowest fractions found in summer. Although the number fractions of IM-containing particles in Beijing were generally higher (~1.5-3 times) than those in Guangzhou, the mixing states of the IM-containing particles at these two sites were only slightly different. Potassium-rich (K-rich) and potassium-sodium (KNa) particles were rarely found in Guangzhou; they accounted for ~15 % of the IM-containing particles in Beijing. Additionally, our results indicate that particles with higher acidity are favorable for IM formation. These findings help improving our knowledge of the mixing state, seasonal variation, and spatial distribution of IMs in urban aerosols, and the insights in influencing factors into IM formation provide valuable information for future studies of the atmospheric chemical processes associated with IMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Lian
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guigang Tang
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xu Dao
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Zaihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Institute of Resources Utilization and Rare Earth Development, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Chunlei Cheng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinhui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
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25
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Chen Y, Tan Y, Zheng P, Wang Z, Zou Z, Ho KF, Lee S, Wang T. Effect of NO 2 on nocturnal chemistry of isoprene: Gaseous oxygenated products and secondary organic aerosol formation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156908. [PMID: 35753484 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most abundant non-methane hydrocarbon in the atmosphere, isoprene has attracted lots of attention on its oxidation processes and environmental effects. However, less is known about the nocturnal chemistry of isoprene with multiple oxidants coexisting in the atmosphere. Besides, though highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) have recently been recognized to contribute to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, the specific contribution of measured HOMs on SOA formation in isoprene oxidation has not been well established. In this study, the oxidation of isoprene was simulated under dark and various NO2/O3 conditions. Plenty of oxidation products were identified by combining two state-of-the-art time-of-flight mass spectrometers, and more species with high C and N numbers and low volatilities were detected under high NO2 conditions. The nocturnal oxidation of isoprene was found to be governed by synergic effects of multiple oxidants, including O3, NO3•, and •OH at the same time, and the oxidation proportions changed with NO2. NO2 promoted the formation of most N-containing products especially N2 products, because of the decisive role of NO3• on their formation. Nevertheless, some products such as C5H10O3-5, C5H11NO6, and C10H16N2O10,11 showed a better correlation with HO2NO2 rather than NO2/O3, indicating the importance of HO2• chemistry on the oxidation products formation. Though the concentration of measured oxygenated products was dominated by volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, the low- and extremely low-volatile organic compounds contributed over 97 % to the SOA formation potential. However, challenges still exist in accurately simulating SOA formation from the measured oxygenated molecules to match the measurement, and further comprehensive characterization of oxidation products in both gas and aerosol phases at the molecular level is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Penggang Zheng
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Zhouxing Zou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shuncheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
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26
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Zhao G, Hu M, Zhu W, Tan T, Shang D, Zheng J, Du Z, Guo S, Wu Z, Zeng L, Zhao C. Parameterization of the ambient aerosol refractive index with source appointed chemical compositions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156573. [PMID: 35738368 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The refractive index of ambient aerosols is widely used in the climate model and remote sensing. Traditionally, the real part of the refractive index (RRI) of the ambient aerosol is calculated from the measured mass fraction of the main inorganic components with known refractive index, without full resolving the effects of variation in the RRI of organic components, which always contribute more than 50 % of the total aerosol mass. For the first time, the ambient aerosol RRI and the aerosol chemical components were measured concurrently at a suburban site Changping, in Beijing, China. Measurements results show that the ambient aerosol ranges between 1.57 and 1.71 with a mean value of 1.66. The mean mass fractions of organic aerosol (OA), nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, and chloride to total non-refractory aerosol loading are 43.1 %, 21.9 %, 21.6 %, 13.1 %, and 0.3 % respectively. Source appointment analysis of the organic aerosol show that the fossil fuel-related OA, cooking OA, biomass burning OA, less oxidized oxygenated OA and more oxidized OOA contributes 18.0 %, 11.2 %, 4.1 %, 39.9 %, 26.7 % to the total aerosol. A new parameterization scheme of the ambient aerosol RRI, which considers the source appointed OA, is proposed based on the concurrent measurements of RRI and chemical composition. The measured and parameterized RRI shows good consistency with a correlation coefficient of 0.79 and slope of 0.98. Our measurement results reveal that a significant deviation of the calculated RRI exists without considering the variation of the RRI of the aerosol organic component. The parametrization scheme is adopted and applicable in aerosol model for bettering estimating the corresponding optical and radiative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wenfei Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianyi Tan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongjie Shang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhuofei Du
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Limin Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chunsheng Zhao
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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27
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Saide PE, Thapa LH, Ye X, Pagonis D, Campuzano‐Jost P, Guo H, Schuneman ML, Jimenez J, Moore R, Wiggins E, Winstead E, Robinson C, Thornhill L, Sanchez K, Wagner NL, Ahern A, Katich JM, Perring AE, Schwarz JP, Lyu M, Holmes CD, Hair JW, Fenn MA, Shingler TJ. Understanding the Evolution of Smoke Mass Extinction Efficiency Using Field Campaign Measurements. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 49:e2022GL099175. [PMID: 36591326 PMCID: PMC9788259 DOI: 10.1029/2022gl099175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol mass extinction efficiency (MEE) is a key aerosol property used to connect aerosol optical properties with aerosol mass concentrations. Using measurements of smoke obtained during the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) campaign we find that mid-visible smoke MEE can change by a factor of 2-3 between fresh smoke (<2 hr old) and one-day-old smoke. While increases in aerosol size partially explain this trend, changes in the real part of the aerosol refractive index (real(n)) are necessary to provide closure assuming Mie theory. Real(n) estimates derived from multiple days of FIREX-AQ measurements increase with age (from 1.40 - 1.45 to 1.5-1.54 from fresh to one-day-old) and are found to be positively correlated with organic aerosol oxidation state and aerosol size, and negatively correlated with smoke volatility. Future laboratory, field, and modeling studies should focus on better understanding and parameterizing these relationships to fully represent smoke aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo E. Saide
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of California—Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
- Institute of the Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of California—Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Laura H. Thapa
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of California—Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Xinxin Ye
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of California—Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Demetrios Pagonis
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of Colorado, BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Pedro Campuzano‐Jost
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of Colorado, BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Hongyu Guo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of Colorado, BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Melinda L. Schuneman
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of Colorado, BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Jose‐Luis Jimenez
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of Colorado, BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas L. Wagner
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of Colorado, BoulderBoulderCOUSA
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationChemical Sciences LaboratoryBoulderCOUSA
| | - Adam Ahern
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of Colorado, BoulderBoulderCOUSA
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationChemical Sciences LaboratoryBoulderCOUSA
| | - Joseph M. Katich
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of Colorado, BoulderBoulderCOUSA
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationChemical Sciences LaboratoryBoulderCOUSA
| | - Anne E. Perring
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of Colorado, BoulderBoulderCOUSA
- Department of ChemistryColgate UniversityHamiltonNYUSA
| | - Joshua P. Schwarz
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationChemical Sciences LaboratoryBoulderCOUSA
| | - Ming Lyu
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of Colorado, BoulderBoulderCOUSA
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationChemical Sciences LaboratoryBoulderCOUSA
| | - Christopher D. Holmes
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUSA
| | | | - Marta A. Fenn
- NASA Langley Research CenterHamptonVAUSA
- Science Systems and Applications IncHamptonVAUSA
| | - Taylor J. Shingler
- NASA Langley Research CenterHamptonVAUSA
- Science Systems and Applications IncHamptonVAUSA
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28
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Al-Abadleh HA, Motaghedi F, Mohammed W, Rana MS, Malek KA, Rastogi D, Asa-Awuku AA, Guzman MI. Reactivity of aminophenols in forming nitrogen-containing brown carbon from iron-catalyzed reactions. Commun Chem 2022; 5:112. [PMID: 36697654 PMCID: PMC9814260 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing organic carbon (NOC) in atmospheric particles is an important class of brown carbon (BrC). Redox active NOC like aminophenols received little attention in their ability to form BrC. Here we show that iron can catalyze dark oxidative oligomerization of o- and p-aminophenols under simulated aerosol and cloud conditions (pH 1-7, and ionic strength 0.01-1 M). Homogeneous aqueous phase reactions were conducted using soluble Fe(III), where particle growth/agglomeration were monitored using dynamic light scattering. Mass yield experiments of insoluble soot-like dark brown to black particles were as high as 40%. Hygroscopicity growth factors (κ) of these insoluble products under sub- and super-saturated conditions ranged from 0.4-0.6, higher than that of levoglucosan, a prominent proxy for biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA). Soluble products analyzed using chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed the formation of ring coupling products of o- and p-aminophenols and their primary oxidation products. Heterogeneous reactions of aminophenol were also conducted using Arizona Test Dust (AZTD) under simulated aging conditions, and showed clear changes to optical properties, morphology, mixing state, and chemical composition. These results highlight the important role of iron redox chemistry in BrC formation under atmospherically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind A. Al-Abadleh
- grid.268252.90000 0001 1958 9263Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5 Canada
| | - Fatemeh Motaghedi
- grid.268252.90000 0001 1958 9263Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5 Canada
| | - Wisam Mohammed
- grid.268252.90000 0001 1958 9263Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5 Canada
| | - Md Sohel Rana
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Kentucky, 40506 USA
| | - Kotiba A. Malek
- grid.164295.d0000 0001 0941 7177Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Dewansh Rastogi
- grid.164295.d0000 0001 0941 7177Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Akua A. Asa-Awuku
- grid.164295.d0000 0001 0941 7177Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Marcelo I. Guzman
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Kentucky, 40506 USA
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29
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Afsana S, Zhou R, Miyazaki Y, Tachibana E, Deshmukh DK, Kawamura K, Mochida M. Abundance, chemical structure, and light absorption properties of humic-like substances (HULIS) and other organic fractions of forest aerosols in Hokkaido. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14379. [PMID: 35999376 PMCID: PMC9399238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18201-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric organic aerosol (OA) are considered as a significant contributor to the light absorption of OA, but its relationship with abundance, composition and sources are not understood well. In this study, the abundance, chemical structural characteristics, and light absorption property of HULIS and other low-to-high polar organics in PM0.95 collected in Tomakomai Experimental Forest (TOEF) were investigated with consideration of their possible sources. HULIS were the most abundant (51%), and correlation analysis revealed that biogenic secondary organic aerosols significantly contribute to HULIS. The mass spectra obtained using a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS) showed that HULIS and highly polar water-soluble organic matter (HP-WSOM) were substantially oxygenated organic aerosol fractions, whereas water-insoluble organic matter (WISOM) had a low O/C ratio and more hydrocarbon-like structures. The WISOM fraction was the predominant light-absorbing organics. HULIS and WISOM showed a noticeable seasonal change in mass absorption efficiency (MAE365), which was highest in winter. Further, HULIS were shown to be less absorbing than those reported for urban sites. The findings in this study provide insights into the contribution of biogenic secondary OA on aerosol property and radiative forcing under varying contributions from other types of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Afsana
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ruichen Zhou
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuzo Miyazaki
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Eri Tachibana
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Dhananjay Kumar Deshmukh
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, 695022, India
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mochida
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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30
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D’Andrilli J, Silverman V, Buckley S, Rosario-Ortiz FL. Inferring Ecosystem Function from Dissolved Organic Matter Optical Properties: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11146-11161. [PMID: 35917372 PMCID: PMC9387109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, the optical property community has shifted from conducting dissolved organic matter (DOM) measurements on new complex mixtures in natural and engineered systems to furthering ecosystem understanding in the context of past, present, and future carbon (C) cycling regimes. However, the appropriate use of optical properties to understand DOM behavior in complex biogeochemical systems is of recent debate. This critical review provides an extensive survey of DOM optical property literature across atmospheric, marine, and terrestrial biospheres using a categorical approach that probes each biosphere and its subdivisions. Using this approach, a rubric of ecosystem variables, such as productive nature, C cycling rate, C inputs, and water quality, sets the foundation for interpreting commonly used optical property DOM metrics such as fluorescence index (FI), humification index (HIX), and specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254). Case studies and a meta-analysis of each biosphere and subdivision found substantial overlap and characteristic distributions corresponding to ecosystem context for FI, HIX, and SUVA254, signifying chromophores and fluorophores from different ecosystems may be more similar than originally thought. This review challenges researchers to consider ecosystem connectivity when applying optical property results rather than making traditional "if this, then that" results-style conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana D’Andrilli
- Louisiana
Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 Highway 56, Chauvin, Louisiana 70344, United States
- . Phone: (985) 851-2876. Fax: (985) 851-2874
| | - Victoria Silverman
- Louisiana
Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 Highway 56, Chauvin, Louisiana 70344, United States
- University
of San Francisco, 2130 Fulton Street, San Francisco, California 94117, United States
| | - Shelby Buckley
- Department
of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Environmental
Engineering Program, University of Colorado
Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United
States
| | - Fernando L. Rosario-Ortiz
- Department
of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Environmental
Engineering Program, University of Colorado
Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United
States
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31
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Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) from Photo-Oxidation of Toluene: 1 Influence of Reactive Nitrogen, Acidity and Water Vapours on Optical Properties. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Many climate models treat the light-absorbing SOA component called “brown carbon” (BrC) as non-light absorbing because its formation and transformations are poorly understood. We therefore investigated the influence of reactive nitrogen (NOx, NH3)-, acidity (H2SO4)-, and water-mediated chemistry on SOA formed by the photo-oxidation of toluene, the subsequent formation and transformation of BrC, and its optical properties. We discovered that nitrogen-poor (NP) SOA is formed when the molar ratio of NOx to reacted toluene (henceforth, [NOx/ΔHC]) is 0.15 or less, whereas nitrogen-rich (NR) SOA is formed when [NOx/ΔHC] > 0.15. NR and NP SOA have markedly different characteristics. The light absorption coefficient (Babs) and mass absorption cross-section (MAC) of the SOA increased with [NOx/ΔHC] under both the NP and NR regimes. For NP SOA, the MAC increased with [NOx/ΔHC] independently of the relative humidity (RH). However, the MAC of NR SOA was RH-dependent. Under both NP and NR regimes, acidity promoted SOA browning while NH3 increased Babs and MAC at 80% RH. The highest MAC was observed at the lowest RH (20%) for acidic NR SOA, and it was postulated that the MAC of SOA depends mainly on the pH and the [H+]free/[SOA mass] ratio of the aqueous SOA phase.
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32
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Frka S, Šala M, Brodnik H, Štefane B, Kroflič A, Grgić I. Seasonal variability of nitroaromatic compounds in ambient aerosols: Mass size distribution, possible sources and contribution to water-soluble brown carbon light absorption. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134381. [PMID: 35318013 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) as important constituents of atmospheric humic-like substances (HULIS) and brown carbon (BrC) affect the Earth's climate and pose a serious environmental hazard. We investigated seasonal size-segregated NACs in aerosol samples from the urban background environment in Ljubljana, Slovenia. Total concentrations of twenty NACs in PM15.6 were on average from 0.51 ng m-3 (summer) to 109 ng m-3 (winter), and contributed the most to submicron aerosols (more than 74%). Besides 4-nitrocatechol (4NC) as the prevailing species, methylnitrocatechols (MNCs) and nitrophenols (NPs), we reported on some very rarely mentioned, but also on five novel NACs (i.e., 3H4NBA: 3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoic acid, 3MeO4NP: 3-methoxy-4-nitrophenol, 4Et5NC: 4-ethyl-5-nitrocatechol, 3Et5NC: 3-ethyl-5-nitrocatechol and 3MeO5NC: 3-methoxy-5-nitrocatechol). Concentrations of 3MeO5NC, 4Et5NC and 3Et5NC were enhanced during cold seasons, contributing up to 11% to total NAC in winter. In cold season, NAC size distributions were characterized with the peaks in the broader size range of 0.305-1.01 μm (accumulation mode), with 4NC and alkyl-nitrocatechols (∑(M/Et)NC) as the most abundant, followed by 4-nitrosyringol, nitrophenols and nitroguaiacols. In spring, a pronounced peak of ∑(M/Et)NC was observed in the accumulation mode (0.305-0.56 μm) as well as in the coarse one. A strong correlation of all NACs with ∑(M/Et)NC and levoglucosan indicates that primary emissions of wood burning were the most important source of NACs, but their secondary formation (e.g., aqueous-phase at higher ambient RH) in cold season could also be a significant one. In warmer season, NACs may be mostly derived from traffic-related aromatic VOCs. The contribution of NACs to the light absorption of the aqueous extracts was up to 10-times higher (contribution to Abs365 up to 31%) than their mass contributions to WSOC (up to 3%) of corresponding size-segregated aerosols, confirming that most of the identified NACs are strong BrC chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Frka
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Martin Šala
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena Brodnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bogdan Štefane
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Kroflič
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Grgić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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33
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He Q, Li C, Siemens K, Morales AC, Hettiyadura AP, Laskin A, Rudich Y. Optical Properties of Secondary Organic Aerosol Produced by Photooxidation of Naphthalene under NOx Condition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4816-4827. [PMID: 35384654 PMCID: PMC9022426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) affect incoming solar radiation by interacting with light at ultraviolet and visible wavelength ranges. However, the relationship between the chemical composition and optical properties of SOA is still not well understood. In this study, the complex refractive index (RI) of SOA produced from OH oxidation of naphthalene in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx) was retrieved online in the wavelength range of 315-650 nm and the bulk chemical composition of the SOA was characterized by an online high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer. In addition, the molecular-level composition of brown carbon chromophores was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detector and a high-resolution mass spectrometer. The real part of the RI of the SOA increases with both the NOx/naphthalene ratio and aging time, likely due to the increased mean polarizability and decreased molecular weight due to fragmentation. Highly absorbing nitroaromatics (e.g., C6H5NO4, C7H7NO4, C7H5NO5, C8H5NO5) produced under higher NOx conditions contribute significantly to the light absorption of the SOA. The imaginary part of the RI linearly increases with the NOx/VOCs ratio due to the formation of nitroaromatic compounds. As a function of aging, the imaginary RI increases with the O/C ratio (slope = 0.024), mainly attributed to the achieved higher NOx/VOCs ratio, which favors the formation of light-absorbing nitroaromatics. The light-absorbing enhancement is not as significant with extensive aging as it is under a lower aging time due to the opening of aromatic rings by reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfu He
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Kyla Siemens
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ana C. Morales
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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34
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Bao M, Zhang YL, Cao F, Lin YC, Hong Y, Fan M, Zhang Y, Yang X, Xie F. Light absorption and source apportionment of water soluble humic-like substances (HULIS) in PM 2.5 at Nanjing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112554. [PMID: 34951988 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Humic-like substances (HULIS), as important components of brown carbon (BrC), play an important role in climate change. In this study, one-year PM2.5 samples from 2017 to 2018 were collected at Nanjing, China and the water soluble HULIS and other chemical species were analyzed to investigate the seasonal variations, optical properties and possible sources. The HULIS concentrations exhibited highest in winter and lowest in summer. The annual averaged HULIS concentration was 2.61 ± 1.79 μg m-3, accounting for 45 ± 13% of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). The HULIS light absorption coefficient at 365 nm (Abs365, HULIS) averagely accounted for 71 ± 19% of that of WSOC, suggesting that HULIS are the main light-absorbing components in WSOC. The annual averaged Ångström absorption exponent and mass absorption efficiency of HULIS at 365 nm were 5.22 ± 0.77 and 1.71 ± 0.70 m2 g-1. Good correlations between HULIS with levoglucosan and K+ suggested biomass burning (BB) influence on HULIS. High concentrations of HULIS and secondary species (e.g., NO3-, SO42-, NH4+, C2O42-) were found in present of high relative humidity, indicating strong aqueous phase secondary HULIS formation. Secondary HULIS produced from anthropogenic and biogenic precursors were quantified based on the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model and the results showed that both fossil (55%) and biogenic (45%) emission sources made great contributions to HULIS. Fossil fuel combustion significantly contributed to HULIS formation throughout the whole year, which were enriched with more secondary HULIS (30%) than primary HULIS (25%). Strongest BB contribution (39%) was found in winter and biogenic SOA contribution (32%) was found in summer. A multiple linear regression (MLR) method was further applied to obtain specific source contributions to Abs365, HULIS and the results showed that strong light-absorbing chromophores were produced from anthropogenic precursors. Our results highlight the anthropogenic SOA and fossil fuels combustion contributions to HULIS in addition to the biggest contributor, BB, in urban area in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Bao
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yan-Lin Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Fang Cao
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yihang Hong
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Meiyi Fan
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yuxian Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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35
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Bouzidi H, Fayad L, Coeur C, Houzel N, Petitprez D, Faccinetto A, Wu J, Tomas A, Ondráček J, Schwarz J, Ždímal V, Zuend A. Hygroscopic growth and CCN activity of secondary organic aerosol produced from dark ozonolysis of γ-terpinene. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:153010. [PMID: 35026240 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The hygroscopic growth factor (GF) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles produced during dark ozonolysis of γ-terpinene under different reaction conditions were investigated. The SOA particles were produced in the presence or absence of cyclohexane, an OH scavenger; 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, an anthropogenic volatile organic compound; and (NH4)2SO4 seed particles. A hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer was used to determine the GFs of the SOA particles at RHs ≤ 93%. For some experiments, a CCN counter was used for size-resolved measurement of CCN activation at supersaturation (S) in the range of 0.1 to 1%. The single hygroscopicity parameter κ was derived from both the GF and CCN measurements. Under subsaturated conditions, all the SOA (except those in the presence of the (NH4)2SO4 seeds) showed small GF values. These GFs demonstrated that SOA mass loading affected the GF. A decrease in the SOA mass loading led to increased GF and corresponding κGFvalues. However, in a supersaturation regime, the SOA mass loading and the size of the particles did not significantly alter the CCN activity of the SOA. Our CCN measurements showed higher κCCN values (κCCN = 0.20-0.24) than those observed in most monoterpene ozonolysis studies (κCCN = 0.1-0.14). This difference may have been due to the presence of the two endocyclic double bonds in the γ-terpinene structure, which may have affected the SOA chemical composition, in contrast to monoterpenes that contain an exocyclic double bond. Our comparisons of sub- and supersaturated conditions showed a larger range of κ values than other experiments. Average κCCN/κGF ratios of ~7 and 14 were obtained in the unseeded SOA experiments at low and high SOA mass loadings, respectively. The average κCCN of 0.23 indicated that the SOA produced during ozonolysis of γ-terpinene exhibited fairly high CCN activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Bouzidi
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque 59140, France; Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Department of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics, Prague CZ-16502, Czech Republic; IMT Lille Douai, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Layal Fayad
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque 59140, France
| | - Cecile Coeur
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque 59140, France
| | - Nicolas Houzel
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque 59140, France
| | | | | | - Junteng Wu
- Univ. Lille, CNRS PC2A, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Tomas
- IMT Lille Douai, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jakub Ondráček
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Department of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics, Prague CZ-16502, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Schwarz
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Department of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics, Prague CZ-16502, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Ždímal
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Department of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics, Prague CZ-16502, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Zuend
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B9, Canada
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36
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Zhang Q, Li Z, Shen Z, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Sun J, Zeng Y, Xu H, Wang Q, Hang Ho SS, Cao J. Source profiles of molecular structure and light absorption of PM 2.5 brown carbon from residential coal combustion emission in Northwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 299:118866. [PMID: 35077839 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Residential coal combustion is a prominent source of brown carbon (BrC) aerosols, but knowledge of their molecular structures and optical absorption were limited, which have notable used in ambient BrC source identification and radiative forcing calculation. In this study, the Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry combined with partial least squares regression analysis as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis were used to insight the molecular compounds and structures of BrC from anthracite and bituminous coal combustions between traditional and improved stoves. The absorption Ångström exponents (AAE) and mass absorption efficiency (MAE) values for the BrC emitted from the combinations of bituminous were both 1.2-2.5 times lower than those of anthracite, interpreting that the BrC from the anthracite emissions had greater light-absorbing capacity. In contrast, the emission factor of light absorption (EFAbs) at 365 nm for the bituminous coal combusted in the traditional stove was the highest among all the tested scenarios, which revealed that the incomplete combustion of bituminous coal could emit more BrC. It was noted that primary BrC emitted from the coal combustion with traditional stoves contains higher aromaticity groups of C-C and C=O and higher S containing organics, whereas more aliphatic groups were found in BrC using the improved stoves. N-containing (CHON and CHONS) compounds were dominated in the total molecular formula of BrC, whereas the sum of CHON and CHO groups had high double-bond equivalent (DBE) values contributed 53.5%-87.1% to the total BrC absorption. Moreover, for CHOS, the lowest of estimated molecular absorption, DBE, and DBE/C should attribute to the non-chromophoric or weak absorptive S-containing compounds. This study supplied an effective evaluation method to compare BrC emissions and their absorption for coal combustion on regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yaling Zeng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV89512, United States
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
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37
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Price CL, Preston TC, Davies JF. Hygroscopic Growth, Phase Morphology, and Optical Properties of Model Aqueous Brown Carbon Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3941-3951. [PMID: 35312301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Brown carbon aerosol in the atmosphere contain light-absorbing chromophores that influence the optical scattering properties of the particles. These chromophores may be hydrophobic, such as PAHs, or water soluble, such as nitroaromatics, imidazoles, and other conjugated oxygen-rich molecules. Water-soluble chromophores are expected to exist in aqueous solution in the presence of sufficient water and will exhibit physical properties (e.g., size, refractive index, and phase morphology) that depend on the environmental relative humidity (RH). In this work, we characterize the RH-dependent properties of 4-nitrocatechol (4-NC) and its mixtures with ammonium sulfate, utilizing a single-particle levitation platform coupled with Mie resonance spectroscopy to probe the size, real part of the complex refractive index (RI), and phase morphology of individual micron-sized particles. We measure the hygroscopic growth properties of pure 4-NC and apply mixing rules to characterize the growth of mixtures with ammonium sulfate. We report the RI at 589 nm for these samples as a function of RH and explore the wavelength dependence of the RI at non-absorbing wavelengths. The real part of the RI at 589 nm was found to vary in the range 1.54-1.59 for pure 4-NC from 92.5 to 75% RH, with an estimated pure component RI of 1.70. The real part of the RI was also measured for mixtures of AS and 4-NC and ranged from 1.39 to 1.51 depending on the component ratio and RH. We went on to characterize phase transitions in mixed particles, identifying the onset RH of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and efflorescence transitions. Mixtures showed LLPS in the range of 85-76% RH depending on the molar ratio, while efflorescence typically fell between 22 and 42% RH. Finally, we characterized the imaginary part of the complex RI using an effective oscillator model to capture the wavelength-dependent absorption properties of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Thomas C Preston
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - James F Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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38
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Liu S, Liu X, Wang Y, Zhang S, Wu C, Du W, Wang G. Effect of NOx and RH on the secondary organic aerosol formation from toluene photooxidation. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 114:1-9. [PMID: 35459475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation mechanism and physicochemical properties can highly be influenced by relative humidity (RH) and NOx concentration. In this study, we performed a laboratory investigation of the SOA formation from toluene/OH photooxidation system in the presence or absence of NOx in dry and wet conditions. The chemical composition of toluene-derived SOA was measured using Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). It was found that the mass concentration of toluene decreased with increasing RH and NOx concentration. However, the change of SOA chemistry composition (f44, O/C) with increased RH was not consistent in the condition with or without NOx. The light absorption and mass absorption coefficient (MAC) of the toluene-derived SOA only increased with RH in the presence of NOx. In contrast, MAC is invariant with RH in the absence of NOx. HR-ToF-AMS results showed that, in the presence of NOx, the increased nitro-aromatic compounds and N/C ratio concurrently caused the increase of SOA light absorption and O/C in wet conditions, respectively. The relative intensity of CHON and CHOxN family to the total nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) increased with the increasing RH, and be the major components of NOCs in wet condition. This work revealed a synergy effect of NOx and RH on SOA formation from toluene photooxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Liu
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 210062, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 210062, China
| | - Yiqian Wang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 210062, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 210062, China
| | - Can Wu
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 210062, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 210062, China
| | - Gehui Wang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 210062, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
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39
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Siemens K, Morales A, He Q, Li C, Hettiyadura APS, Rudich Y, Laskin A. Molecular Analysis of Secondary Brown Carbon Produced from the Photooxidation of Naphthalene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3340-3353. [PMID: 35231168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the chemical composition of organic light-absorbing components, also known as brown carbon (BrC) chromophores, formed in a proxy of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol generated from the photooxidation of naphthalene (naph-SOA) in the absence and presence of NOx. High-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode array detector and electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometer is employed to characterize naph-SOA and its BrC components. We provide molecular-level insights into the chemical composition and optical properties of individual naph-SOA components and investigate their BrC relevance. This work reveals the formation of strongly absorbing nitro-aromatic chromophores under high-NOx conditions and describes their degradation during atmospheric aging. NOx addition enhanced the light absorption of naph-SOA while reducing wavelength-dependence, as seen by the mass absorption coefficient (MAC) and absorption Ångström exponent (AAE). Optical parameters of naph-SOA generated under low- and high-NOx conditions showed a range of values from MACOM 405nm ∼ 0.12 m2 g-1 and AAE300-450nm ∼ 8.87 (low-NOx) to MACOM 405nm ∼ 0.19 m2 g-1 and AAE300-450nm ∼ 7.59 (high-NOx), consistent with "very weak" and "weak" BrC optical classes, respectively. The weak-BrC class is commonly attributed to biomass smoldering emissions, which appear to have optical properties comparable with the naph-SOA. Molecular chromophores contributing to naphthalene BrC absorption were identified with substantial nitro-aromatics, indicating that these species may be used as source-specific markers of BrC related to the anthropogenic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Siemens
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ana Morales
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Quanfu He
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Anusha P S Hettiyadura
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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40
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Pani SK, Lee CT, Griffith SM, Lin NH. Humic-like substances (HULIS) in springtime aerosols at a high-altitude background station in the western North Pacific: Source attribution, abundance, and light-absorption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151180. [PMID: 34699812 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric humic-like substances (HULIS) are important components of biomass-burning (BB) emissions and highly associated with light-absorbing organic aerosols (often referred to as brown carbon). This study highlights the importance of BB-emitted HULIS aerosols in peninsular Southeast Asian outflow to the subtropical western North Pacific. We determined various key light-absorbing characteristics of HULIS i.e. mass absorption cross-section (MACHULIS), absorbing component of the refractive index (kHULIS), and absorption Ångström exponent (AAEHULIS) based on ground-based aerosol light absorption measurements along with HULIS concentrations in springtime aerosols at Lulin Atmospheric Background Station (LABS; 2862 m above mean sea level), which is a representative high-altitude remote site in the western North Pacific. Daily variations of HULIS (0.58-12.92 μg m-3) at LABS were mostly linked with the influence from incoming air-masses, while correlations with BB tracers and secondary aerosols indicated the attribution of primary and secondary sources. Stronger light absorption capability of HULIS was clearly evident from MACHULIS and kHULIS values at 370 nm, which were about ~1.5 times higher during BB-dominated days (1.16 ± 0.75 m2 g-1 and 0.05 ± 0.03, respectively) than that during non-BB days (0.77 ± 0.89 m2 g-1 and 0.03 ± 0.04, respectively). Estimates from a simple radiative transfer model showed that HULIS absorption can add as much as 15.13 W g-1 to atmospheric warming, and ~46% more during BB-dominated than non-BB period, highlighting that HULIS light absorption may significantly affect the Earth-atmosphere system and tropospheric photochemistry over the western North Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Kumar Pani
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Te Lee
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Monitoring and Technology, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Stephen M Griffith
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Huei Lin
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Monitoring and Technology, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
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41
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Tang S, Li F, Lv J, Liu L, Wu G, Wang Y, Yu W, Wang Y, Jiang G. Unexpected molecular diversity of brown carbon formed by Maillard-like reactions in aqueous aerosols. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8401-8411. [PMID: 35919720 PMCID: PMC9297531 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02857c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) exerts a key impact on the global radiative balance due to its light-absorbing properties. Maillard-like reactions between carbonyl and amino compounds have been identified as an important pathway for forming secondary BrC. Although optical properties have been widely studied, the molecular composition of secondary BrC generated in Maillard chemistry remains unclear, resulting in a knowledge gap to understand its formation and light-absorbing mechanism. In this study, a combination of optical spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was employed to comprehensively characterize the chemical and light-absorbing characteristics of secondary BrC. The results indicate that both the light-absorbing and molecular characteristics of secondary BrC were highly related to the structures of their precursors. Organic amine precursors consistently result in enhanced light-absorbing capacities of BrC compared to ammonium, but have inconsistent effects on the molecular diversity of BrC. Compared to amino precursors (i.e., glycine, ethylamine, propylamine, and ammonium), carbonyl precursors play a more important role in determining the molecular diversity of BrC. Different from black carbon, the light-absorbing products from Maillard-like reactions are mainly nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Unexpectedly, 35–64% of molecular formulae detected in real atmospheric samples were found in simulated Maillard reaction products, implying a potentially important contribution of Maillard chemistry to the atmospheric organic molecular pool. These results will improve our understanding of the formation and molecular diversity of BrC, and further help to manage emissions of secondary aerosol precursors. We found unexpected molecular diversity of brown carbon formed by Maillard-like reactions in aqueous aerosols, and carbonyl precursors play a more important role in determining the molecular diversity of brown carbon.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Tang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Feifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jitao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Beihang Hangzhou Innovation Institute Yuhang, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Guangming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yarui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wanchao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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42
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Zhang M, Su H, Li G, Kuhn U, Li S, Klimach T, Hoffmann T, Fu P, Pöschl U, Cheng Y. High-Resolution Fluorescence Spectra of Airborne Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosols: Comparisons to Primary Biological Aerosol Particles and Implications for Single-Particle Measurements. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16747-16756. [PMID: 34699200 PMCID: PMC8697557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous extracts of biogenic secondary organic aerosols (BSOAs) have been found to exhibit fluorescence that may interfere with the laser/light-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs). In this study, we quantified the interference of BSOAs to PBAPs by directly measuring airborne BSOA particles, rather than aqueous extracts. BSOAs were generated by the reaction of d-limonene (LIM) or α-pinene (PIN) and ozone (O3) with or without ammonia in a chamber under controlled conditions. With an excitation wavelength of 355 nm, BSOAs exhibited peak emissions at 464-475 nm, while fungal spores exhibited peak emissions at 460-483 nm; the fluorescence intensity of BSOAs with diameters of 0.7 μm was in the same order of magnitude as that of fungal spores with diameters of 3 μm. The number fraction of 0.7 μm BSOAs that exhibited fluorescence above the threshold was in the range of 1.9-15.9%, depending on the species of precursors, relative humidity (RH), and ammonia. Similarly, the number fraction of 3 μm fungal spores that exhibited fluorescence above the threshold was 4.9-36.2%, depending on the species of fungal spores. Normalized fluorescence by particle volumes suggests that BSOAs exhibited fluorescence in the same order of magnitude as pollen and 10-100 times higher than that of fungal spores. A comparison with ambient particles suggests that BSOAs caused significant interference to ambient fine particles (15 of 16 ambient fine particle measurements likely detected BSOAs) and the interference was smaller for ambient coarse particles (4 of 16 ambient coarse particle measurements likely detected BSOAs) when using LIF instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhang
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Hang Su
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Guo Li
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Uwe Kuhn
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Siyang Li
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Thomas Klimach
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hoffmann
- Institute
for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute
of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Yafang Cheng
- Minerva
Research Group, Max Planck Institute for
Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
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Rastogi N, Satish R, Singh A, Kumar V, Thamban N, Lalchandani V, Shukla A, Vats P, Tripathi SN, Ganguly D, Slowik J, Prevot ASH. Diurnal variability in the spectral characteristics and sources of water-soluble brown carbon aerosols over Delhi. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148589. [PMID: 34214816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that light-absorbing organic aerosols (commonly known as brown carbon, BrC) impact climate. However, uncertainties remain as their contributions to absorption at different wavelengths are often ignored in climate models. Further, BrC exhibits differences in absorption at different wavelengths due to the variable composition including varying sources and meteorological conditions. However, diurnal variability in the spectral characteristics of water-soluble BrC (hereafter BrC) is not yet reported. This study presents unique measurement hitherto lacking in the literature. Online measurements of BrC were performed using an assembled system including a particle-into-liquid sampler, portable UV-Visible spectrophotometer with liquid waveguid capillary cell, and total carbon analyzer (PILS-LWCC-TOC). This system measured the absorption of ambient aerosol extracts at the wavelengths ranging from 300 to 600 nm with 2 min integration time and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) with 4 min integration time over a polluted megacity, New Delhi. Black carbon, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and the chemical composition of non-refractory submicron aerosols were also measured in parallel. Diurnal variability in absorption coefficient (0.05 to 65 Mm-1), mass absorption efficiency (0.01 to 3.4 m-2 gC-1) at 365 nm, and absorption angstrom exponent (AAE) of BrC for different wavelength range (AAE300-400: 4.2-5.8; AAE400-600: 5.5-8.0; and AAE300-600: 5.3-7.3) is discussed. BrC chromophores absorbing at any wavelength showed minimum absorption during afternoon hours, suggesting the effects of boundary layer expansion and their photo-sensitive/volatile nature. On certain days, a considerable presence of BrC absorbing at 490 nm was observed during nighttime that disappears during the daytime. It appeared to be associated with secondary BrC. Observations also infer that BrC species emitted from the biomass and coal burning are more absorbing among all sources. A fraction of BrC is likely associated with trash burning, as inferred from the spectral characteristics of Factor-3 from the PMF analysis of BrC spectra. Such studies are essential in understanding the BrC characteristics and their further utilization in climate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Rastogi
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, India.
| | - Rangu Satish
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Atinderpal Singh
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Varun Kumar
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Navaneeth Thamban
- Department of Civil Engineering and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Vipul Lalchandani
- Department of Civil Engineering and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ashutosh Shukla
- Department of Civil Engineering and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Pawan Vats
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - S N Tripathi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Dilip Ganguly
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Jay Slowik
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Andre S H Prevot
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
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44
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On the Water-Soluble Organic Matter in Inhalable Air Particles: Why Should Outdoor Experience Motivate Indoor Studies? APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11219917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The current understanding of water-soluble organic aerosol (OA) composition, sources, transformations, and effects is still limited to outdoor scenarios. However, the OA is also an important component of particulate matter indoors, whose complexity impairs a full structural and molecular identification. The current limited knowledge on indoor OA, and particularly on its water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) fraction is the basis of this feature paper. Inspired by studies on outdoor OA, this paper discusses and prioritizes issues related to indoor water-soluble OA and their effects on human health, providing a basis for future research in the field. The following three main topics are addressed: (1) what is known about the origin, mass contribution, and health effects of WSOM in outdoor air particles; (2) the current state-of-the-art on the WSOM in indoor air particles, the main challenges and opportunities for its chemical characterization and cytotoxicity evaluation; and (3) why the aerosol WSOM should be considered in future indoor air quality studies. While challenging, studies on the WSOM fraction in air particles are highly necessary to fully understand its origin, fate, toxicity, and long-term risks indoors.
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Kohli RK, Davies JF. Measuring the Chemical Evolution of Levitated Particles: A Study on the Evaporation of Multicomponent Organic Aerosol. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12472-12479. [PMID: 34455787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Single-particle levitation methods provide an effective platform for probing the physical properties of atmospheric aerosol via micrometer-sized particles. Until recently, chemical composition measurements on levitated particles were limited to spectroscopy, yielding only basic chemical information. Here, we describe, benchmark, and discuss the applications of an approach for probing the physical properties and chemical composition of single levitated particles using high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS). Using a linear quadrupole electrodynamic balance (LQ-EDB) coupled to paper spray mass spectrometry, we report accurate measurements of the evolving size within 5 nm (using broadband light scattering) and relative composition (using MS) of evaporating multicomponent levitated particles in real time. Measurements of the evaporation dynamics of semivolatile organic particles containing a range of n-ethylene glycols (n = 3, 4, and 6) in various binary and ternary mixtures were made under dry conditions and compared with predictions from a gas-phase diffusion evaporation model. Under assumptions of ideal mixing, excellent agreement for both size and composition evolution between measurements and models were obtained for these mixtures. At increased relative humidity, the presence of water in particles causes the assumption of ideality to break down, and the evaporative mass flux becomes a function of the mole fraction and activity coefficient. Through compositionally resolved evaporation measurements and thermodynamic models, we characterize the activity of organic components in multicomponent particles. Our results demonstrate that the LQ-EDB-MS platform can identify time-dependent size and compositional changes with high precision and reproducibility, yielding an effective methodology for future studies on chemical aging and gas-particle partitioning in suspended particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravleen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - James F Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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46
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Jiang H, Li J, Sun R, Tian C, Tang J, Jiang B, Liao Y, Chen CE, Zhang G. Molecular Dynamics and Light Absorption Properties of Atmospheric Dissolved Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10268-10279. [PMID: 34286571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The light-absorbing organic aerosol referred to as brown carbon (BrC) affects the global radiative balance. The linkages between its molecular composition and light absorption properties and how environmental factors influence BrC composition are not well understood. In this study, atmospheric dissolved organic matter (ADOM) in 55 aerosol samples from Guangzhou was characterized using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and light absorption measurements. The abundant components in ADOM were aliphatics and peptide-likes (in structure), or nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds (in elemental composition). The light absorption properties of ADOM were positively correlated with the levels of unsaturated and aromatic structures. Particularly, 17 nitrogen-containing species, which are identified by a random forest, characterized the variation of BrC absorption well. Aggregated boosted tree model and nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis show that the BrC composition was largely driven by meteorological conditions and anthropogenic activities, among which biomass burning (BB) and OH radical were the two important factors. BrC compounds often accumulate with elevated BB emissions and related secondary processes, whereas the photolysis/photooxidation of BrC usually occurs under high solar radiance/•OH concentration. This study first illuminated how environmental factors influence BrC at the molecular level and provided clues for the molecular-level research of BrC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chongguo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuhong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chang-Er Chen
- Environmental Research Institute/School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Zhao G, Hu M, Fang X, Tan T, Xiao Y, Du Z, Zheng J, Shang D, Wu Z, Guo S, Zhao C. Larger than expected variation range in the real part of the refractive index for ambient aerosols in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146443. [PMID: 33752017 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The real part of the refractive index (RRI) of ambient aerosol, which is widely used in remote sensing and atmospheric models, is one of the key factors determining its particles' optical properties. The characteristics of ambient aerosol RRI in China have not yet been well studied owing to a lack of observations. For the first time, the properties of aerosol RRI were studied based on field measurements in China at four sites with different atmospheres. The results revealed that the measured ambient aerosol RRI varied significantly between 1.36 and 1.78, increasing with the mass ratio of organic components. The scattering coefficient and direct radiative effects of the aerosols were estimated to increase by factors of 2 and 3, respectively, when RRI increased from 1.36 to 1.78. Our results indicate that variation in ambient aerosol RRI should be considered in aerosol and climate models to achieve an accurate estimation of aerosol's radiative impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xin Fang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianyi Tan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhuofei Du
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongjie Shang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chunsheng Zhao
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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48
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Modeling Investigation of Brown Carbon Aerosol and Its Light Absorption in China. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12070892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Brown carbon (BrC) is a type of organic carbon with light-absorbing abilities, especially in ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which could significantly contribute to global warming. Observations have shown high BrC concentrations and absorption in China, suggesting potentially large BrC emissions. The potential contribution of fossil fuel combustion to BrC emission has been ignored in most previous studies. Here, we use GEOS-Chem to simulate BrC distribution and absorption in China, accounting for three major primary BrC sources: residential coal and biofuel combustion, vehicle exhausts, and open biomass burning. Based on the literature and related energy consumption data, we estimate the specific emission ratio of BrC versus BC, and BrC mass absorption efficiency (MAE) for each source. Combined with BC emission, total BrC emission in China is then estimated to be 3.42 Tg yr−1 in 2018, of which 71% is from residential combustion, 14% is from vehicle exhaust, and 15% is from open biomass burning. Residential combustion is the main source of surface BrC in China, accounting for 60% on average, followed by open biomass burning (23%) and vehicle exhaust emissions (17%). There is a clear seasonality in surface BrC concentrations with the maximum in winter (5.1 µg m−3), followed by spring (2.8 µg m−3), autumn (2.3 µg m−3), and summer (1.3 µg m−3). BrC AAOD at 365 nm ranges from 0.0017 to 0.060 in China, mainly dominated by residential combustion (73%), followed by open biomass burning (16%), and vehicle exhaust emissions (11%). It is also estimated that BrC accounts for 45–67% (52% on average) of total carbonaceous aerosol AAOD at 365 nm, implying an equal importance of BrC and BC regarding the absorption in UV radiation.
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49
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Li Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Seinfeld JH, Zhang R. Multigeneration Production of Secondary Organic Aerosol from Toluene Photooxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8592-8603. [PMID: 34137267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photooxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produces secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and light-absorbing brown carbon (BrC) via multiple reaction steps/pathways, reflecting significant chemical complexity relevant to gaseous oxidation and subsequent gas-to-particle conversion. Toluene is an important VOC under urban conditions, but the fundamental chemical mechanism leading to SOA formation remains uncertain. Here, we elucidate multigeneration SOA production from toluene by simultaneously tracking the evolutions of gas-phase oxidation and aerosol formation in a reaction chamber. Large size increase and browning of monodisperse sub-micrometer seed particles occur shortly after initiating oxidation by hydroxyl radical (OH) at 10-90% relative humidity (RH). The evolution in gaseous products and aerosol properties (size/density/optical properties) and chemical speciation of aerosol-phase products indicate that the aerosol growth and browning result from earlier generation products consisting dominantly of dicarbonyl and carboxylic functional groups. While volatile dicarbonyls engage in aqueous reactions to yield nonvolatile oligomers and light-absorbing nitrogen heterocycles/heterochains (in the presence of NH3) at high RH, organic acids contribute to aerosol carboxylates via ionic dissociation or acid-base reaction in a wide RH range. We conclude that toluene contributes importantly to SOA/BrC formation from dicarbonyls and organic acids because of their prompt and high yields from photooxidation and unique functionalities for participation in aerosol-phase reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jiayun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yuan Wang
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - John H Seinfeld
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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50
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Pani SK, Lin NH, Griffith SM, Chantara S, Lee CT, Thepnuan D, Tsai YI. Brown carbon light absorption over an urban environment in northern peninsular Southeast Asia. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116735. [PMID: 33611195 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light-absorbing organic carbon (or brown carbon, BrC) has been recognized as a critical driver in regional-to-global climate change on account of its significant contribution to light absorption. BrC sources vary from primary combustion processes (burning of biomass, biofuel, and fossil fuel) to secondary formation in the atmosphere. This paper investigated the light-absorbing properties of BrC such as site-specific mass absorption cross-section (MACBrC), absorption Ångström exponent (AAEBrC), and the absorbing component of the refractive index (kBrC) by using light absorption measurements from a 7-wavelength aethalometer over an urban environment of Chiang Mai, Thailand in northern peninsular Southeast Asia (PSEA), from March to April 2016. The contribution of BrC to total aerosol absorption (mean ± SD) was 46 ± 9%, 29 ± 7%, 24 ± 6%, 20 ± 4%, and 15 ± 3% at 370, 470, 520, 590, and 660 nm, respectively, highlighting the significant influence of BrC absorption on the radiative imbalance over northern PSEA. Strong and significant associations between BrC light absorption and biomass-burning (BB) organic tracers highlighted the influence of primary BB emissions. The median MACBrC and kBrC values at 370 nm were 2.4 m2 g-1 and 0.12, respectively. The fractional contribution of solar radiation absorbed by BrC relative to BC (mean ± SD) in the 370-950 nm range was estimated to be 34 ± 7%, which can significantly influence the regional radiation budget and consequently atmospheric photochemistry. This study provides valuable information to understand BrC absorption over northern PSEA and can be used in model simulations to reassess the regional climatic impact with greater accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Kumar Pani
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Huei Lin
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Monitoring and Technology, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Stephen M Griffith
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Somporn Chantara
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Environmental Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chung-Te Lee
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Duangduean Thepnuan
- Environmental Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ying I Tsai
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710, Taiwan
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