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Mitra S, Saran RK, Srivastava S, Rensing C. Pesticides in the environment: Degradation routes, pesticide transformation products and ecotoxicological considerations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173026. [PMID: 38750741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Among rising environmental concerns, emerging contaminants constitute a variety of different chemicals and biological agents. The composition, residence time in environmental media, chemical interactions, and toxicity of emerging contaminants are not fully known, and hence, their regulation becomes problematic. Some of the important groups of emerging contaminants are pesticides and pesticide transformation products (PTPs), which present a considerable obstacle to maintaining and preserving ecosystem health. This review article aims to thoroughly comprehend the occurrence, fate, and ecotoxicological importance of pesticide transformation products (PTPs). The paper provides an overview of pesticides and PTPs as contaminants of emerging concern and discusses the modes of degradation of pesticides, their properties and associated risks. The degradation of pesticides, however, does not lead to complete destruction but can instead lead to the generation of PTPs. The review discusses the properties and toxicity of PTPs and presents the methods available for their detection. Moreover, the present study examines the existing regulatory framework and suggests the need for the development of new technologies for easy, routine detection of PTPs to regulate them effectively in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Mitra
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata 741245, WB, India
| | - R K Saran
- Department of Microbiology, Maharaja Ganga Singh University, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India.
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
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Wang H, Wang S, Jia Z, Li H, Wang J, Zhang T, Dong J, Yang P, Chen J, Ji Y, Lu J. Photo-transformation of isoproturon under UV-A irradiation: The synergy of nitrite and natural organic matter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 353:124153. [PMID: 38750808 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Isoproturon (IPU), a widely utilized phenylurea herbicide, is recognized as an emerging contaminant. Previous studies have predominantly attributed the degradation of IPU in natural waters to indirect photolysis by natural organic matter (NOM). Here, we demonstrate that nitrite (NO2-) also serves as an important photosensitizer that induces the photo-degradation of IPU. Through radical quenching tests, we identify hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and nitrogen dioxide radicals (NO2•) originating from NO2- photolysis as key players in IPU degradation, resulting in the generation of a series of hydroxylated and nitrated byproducts. Moreover, we demonstrate a synergistic effect on the photo-transformation of IPU when both NOM and NO2- are present in the reaction mixture. The observed rate constant (kobs) for IPU removal increases to 0.0179 ± 0.0002 min-1 in the co-presence of NO2- (50 μM) and NOM (2.5 mgC/L), surpassing the sum of those in the presence of each alone (0.0135 ± 0.0004 min-1). NOM exhibits multifaceted roles in the indirect photolysis of IPU. It can be excited by UV and transformed to excited triplet states (3NOM*) which oxidize IPU to IPU•+ that undergoes further degradation. Simultaneously, NOM can mitigate the reaction by reducing the IPU•+ intermediate back to the parent IPU. However, the presence of NO2- alters this dynamic, as IPU•+ rapidly couples with NO2•, accelerating IPU degradation and augmenting the formation of mono-nitrated IPU. These findings provide in-depth understandings on the photochemical transformation of environmental contaminants, especially phenylurea herbicides, in natural waters where NOM and NO2- coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sunxinyi Wang
- Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zixuan Jia
- Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiayue Dong
- Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuefei Ji
- Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junhe Lu
- Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Oladoye PO, Wang K, Aguilar K, Liu G, Cai Y. Particles-involved photochemical processes: A review for the case of mercury reduction in relation to aquatic mercury cycling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172845. [PMID: 38685427 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is one of the toxic metals of global and environmental concern, with aquatic Hg cycling being central in determining the production of highly toxic methylmercury and the air-water Hg exchange influencing the long-range intercontinental atmospheric Hg transport. Both inorganic and organic forms of Hg can be bound by suspended particles, including inorganic minerals (in particular metal oxides/sulfides) and particulate organic matter. Photochemical transformation is a critical process in surface water, and the role of suspended particles in Hg redox photoreactions has increasingly emerged, albeit in limited studies in comparison to extensive studies on aqueous (homogeneous) photoreactions of Hg. The lack of understanding of what roles suspended particles play might result in inaccurate estimation of how Hg species transform and/or cycle in the environment. In view of this gap, this paper critically reviews and synthesizes information on the studies conducted on different natural surface waters with respect to the potential roles of suspended particles on Hg photo-redox reactions. It robustly discusses the various possible pathways and/or mechanisms of particle-mediated Hg (II) reduction, in enhancing or lowering the production of dissolved gaseous mercury. These processes include photo hole-electron pair formation and reactive oxygen species generation from particle excitation and their involvement in Hg photoreduction, in addition to the light attenuation effect of particles. This paper highlights the necessity of future studies exploiting these particles-mediated Hg photoreactions pathways and the implications of including these heterogeneous photoreactions (together with particulate elemental Hg species) on the air-water Hg exchange estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Olusakin Oladoye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Kate Aguilar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Guangliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Yong Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
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4
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Vione D, Arey JS, Parkerton TF, Redman AD. Direct and indirect photodegradation in aquatic systems mitigates photosensitized toxicity in screening-level substance risk assessments of selected petrochemical structures. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 257:121677. [PMID: 38728777 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Photochemical processes are typically not incorporated in screening-level substance risk assessments due to the complexity of modeling sunlight co-exposures and resulting interactions on environmental fate and effects. However, for many substances, sunlight exerts a profound influence on environmental degradation rates and ecotoxicities. Recent modeling advances provide an improved technical basis for estimating the effect of sunlight in modulating both substance exposure and toxicity in the aquatic environment. Screening model simulations were performed for 25 petrochemical structures with varied uses and environmental fate properties. Model predictions were evaluated by comparing the ratios of predicted exposure concentrations with and without light to the corresponding ratios of toxicity thresholds under the same conditions. The relative ratios of exposure and hazard in light vs. dark were then used to evaluate how inclusion of light modulates substance risk analysis. Results indicated that inclusion of light reduced PECs by factors ranging from 1.1- to 63-fold as a result of photodegradation, while reducing PNECs by factors ranging from 1- to 49-fold due to photoenhanced toxicity caused by photosensitization. Consequently, the presence of light altered risk quotients by factors that ranged from 0.1- to 17-fold, since the predicted increase in substance hazard was mitigated by the reduction in exposure. For many structures, indirect photodegradation decreases environmental exposures independently of the direct photolysis pathway which is associated with enhanced phototoxicity. For most of the scenarios and chemicals in the present work, photosensitization appears to be mitigated by direct and indirect degradation from sunlight exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Vione
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | | | | | - Aaron D Redman
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc Annandale, NJ USA 08801.
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Hübner U, Spahr S, Lutze H, Wieland A, Rüting S, Gernjak W, Wenk J. Advanced oxidation processes for water and wastewater treatment - Guidance for systematic future research. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30402. [PMID: 38726145 PMCID: PMC11079112 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are a growing research field with a large variety of different process variants and materials being tested at laboratory scale. However, despite extensive research in recent years and decades, many variants have not been transitioned to pilot- and full-scale operation. One major concern are the inconsistent experimental approaches applied across different studies that impede identification, comparison, and upscaling of the most promising AOPs. The aim of this tutorial review is to streamline future studies on the development of new solutions and materials for advanced oxidation by providing guidance for comparable and scalable oxidation experiments. We discuss recent developments in catalytic, ozone-based, radiation-driven, and other AOPs, and outline future perspectives and research needs. Since standardized experimental procedures are not available for most AOPs, we propose basic rules and key parameters for lab-scale evaluation of new AOPs including selection of suitable probe compounds and scavengers for the measurement of (major) reactive species. A two-phase approach to assess new AOP concepts is proposed, consisting of (i) basic research and proof-of-concept (technology readiness levels (TRL) 1-3), followed by (ii) process development in the intended water matrix including a cost comparison with an established process, applying comparable and scalable parameters such as UV fluence or ozone consumption (TRL 3-5). Subsequent demonstration of the new process (TRL 6-7) is briefly discussed, too. Finally, we highlight important research tools for a thorough mechanistic process evaluation and risk assessment including screening for transformation products that should be based on chemical logic and combined with complementary tools (mass balance, chemical calculations).
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Hübner
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Xylem Services GmbH, Boschstraße 4-14, 32051, Herford, Germany
| | - Stephanie Spahr
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, 12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Lutze
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute IWAR, Chair of Environmental Analytics and Pollutants, Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Arne Wieland
- Xylem Services GmbH, Boschstraße 4-14, 32051, Herford, Germany
| | - Steffen Rüting
- Xylem Services GmbH, Boschstraße 4-14, 32051, Herford, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Gernjak
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003, Girona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jannis Wenk
- University of Bath, Department of Chemical Engineering and Water Innovation & Research Centre (WIRC@Bath), Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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Chen Y, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Liu X, Li Y, Liu R, Wang Y, Song Y, Li Y, Yin Y, Cai Y. Light-induced degradation of dimethylmercury in different natural waters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134113. [PMID: 38565021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Photo-induced degradation of dimethylmercury (DMHg) is considered to be an important source for the generation of methylmercury (MMHg). However, studies on DMHg photodegradation are scarce, and it is even debatable about whether DMHg can be degraded in natural waters. Herein, we found that both DMHg and MMHg could be photodegraded in three natural waters collected from the Yellow River Delta, while in pure water only DMHg photodegradation occurred under visible light irradiation. The effects of different environmental factors on DMHg photodegradation were investigated, and the underlying mechanisms were elucidated by density functional theory calculations and a series of control experiments. Our findings revealed that the DMHg degradation rate was higher in the tidal creek water compared to Yellow River, Yan Lake, and purified water. NO3-, NO2-, and DOM could promote the photodegradation with DOM and NO3- showing particularly strong positive effects. Different light sources were employed, and UV light was found to be more effective in DMHg photodegradation. Moreover, MMHg was detected during the photodegradation of DMHg, confirming that the photochemical demethylation of DMHg is a source of MMHg in sunlit water. This work may provide a novel mechanistic insight into the DMHg photodegradation in natural waters and enrich the study of the global biogeochemical cycle of Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qingzhe Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Lian Zhang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Xinning Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Yantai Port United General Wharf Company, Yantai 264012, China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Runzeng Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yue Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yongguang Yin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yong Cai
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
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7
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de Souza Freitas G, Rodrigues NG, Lastre-Acosta AM, Feirreira-Pinto L, Teixeira ACSC, Parizi MPS. Attenuation photochemical potential of Pontal of Paranapanema river waters (Brazil) from agrochemicals: geographical and temporal assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33358-y. [PMID: 38632196 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge of the environmental photochemical fate of pesticides is essential to assess their potential impacts. However, there are few studies in the literature focused on the photochemical attenuation of micropollutants in Brazilian rivers. In this context, this study characterized the surface waters of the Pontal of Paranapanema region (region which concentrates more than 80% of Brazilian sugarcane cultivations), in order to determine its photochemical attenuation potential against micropollutants in different seasons. Thus, the steady-state concentrations of the photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRIs) (hydroxyl radical, HO•; singlet oxygen, 1O2, and triplet-excited state chromophoric dissolved organic matter, 3CDOM*), formed in the rivers, were simulated by using the APEX model (Aquatic Photochemistry of Environmentally-occurring Xenobiotics), considering the sunlight irradiance, water chemistry, and depth. Based on our simulations, these concentrations vary between 0.35 × 10-15 and 4.52 × 10-14 mol L-1 for HO•, 1.3 × 10-15 and 1.2 × 10--14 mol L-1 for 3CDOM*, and 2.5 × 10-15 and 2.5 × 10-14 mol L-1 for 1O2. Finally, mathematical simulations were used for predicting persistence of pesticides atrazine (ATZ) and diuron (DIR) in Pontal of Paranapanema surface waters and the half-life times (t1/2) of the pollutants ranged from a few hours to one week.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arlen Mabel Lastre-Acosta
- Vale Do Paraíba Environmental Agency, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Chemical Systems Engineering Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Carlos Silva Costa Teixeira
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Chemical Systems Engineering Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Li Y, Zhang K, Apell J, Ruan Y, Huang X, Nah T. Photoproduction of reactive intermediates from dissolved organic matter in coastal seawater around an urban metropolis in South China: Characterization and predictive modeling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:170998. [PMID: 38365044 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is an important photochemical precursor to reactive intermediates (RIs) (e.g., excited triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM⁎), hydroxyl radicals (·OH), and singlet oxygen (1O2)) in aquatic systems to drive the photodegradation of contaminants. There have been limited studies on the photoproduction of RIs in coastal seawater CDOM in Asia, which impedes our ability to model the lifetimes and fates of contaminants in these coastal seawater systems. Hong Kong is an urban metropolis in South China, whose coastal seawater is susceptible to anthropogenic activities from the surrounding areas and the nearby Pearl River. We investigated the photoproduction of RIs in seawater around Hong Kong during the wet vs. dry season. Higher intensities of fluorescent components, dissolved organic carbon concentration ([DOC]), apparent quantum yields of RIs (ΦRIs), and steady-state concentrations of photogenerated RIs ([RIs]ss) were observed for samples collected in the areas closest to the Pearl River during the wet season. Lower humification degrees and ΦRIs but higher intensities of fluorescent components and [RIs]ss were generally observed for the wet season samples compared to the dry season samples. Statistical analysis revealed strong significant correlations (Spearman |r| > 0.6, p < 0.05) between ΦRIs and the absorbance properties (including the absorbance ratio E2:E3, spectral slope coefficients S350-400, and spectral slope ratio SR) of CDOM, and between [RIs]ss and the quantity-reflected properties (including the fluorescence intensity of humic-like components) of CDOM. Our modeling analyses combining orthogonal partial least squares and stepwise multiple linear regression showed excellent prediction strengths for [1O2]ss and [3CDOM⁎]ss (R2adj > 0.7) when [DOC] and the chemical and optical properties of CDOM were used as predictor variables. These modeling results demonstrate the feasibility of predicting the concentrations and quantum yields of RIs in seawater around Hong Kong, and potentially other coastal cities in South China, from easily measurable chemical and optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Li
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Kai Zhang
- National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao, Macao Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao.
| | - Jennifer Apell
- Department of Civil and Urban Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Xinming Huang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Theodora Nah
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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9
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Xue S, Jiang C, Lin Y, Zhang Z, Liu J. Spectroscopic studies of the role of dissolved organic matter in acenaphthene photodegradation in liquid water and ice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123805. [PMID: 38493863 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The effect of concentration and origin of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on acenaphthene (Ace) photodegradation in liquid water and ice was investigated, and the components in DOM which were involved in Ace photodegradation were identified. The DOM samples included Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA), Elliott soil humic acid (ESHA), and an effluent organic matter (EfOM) sample. Due to the production of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and triplet excited-state DOM (3DOM*) which react with Ace, DOM had promotion effects on Ace photodegradation. However, the promotion effects of DOM were prevailed over by their suppressing effect of DOM including screening light effect, intermediates reducing effect and RS quenching effect, and thus, the photodegradation rates of Ace decreased in the presence of the three DOM with concentrations of 0.5-7.5 mg C/L in liquid water and ice. ESHA had higher light absorption and thus had higher screening light effect on Ace photodegradation in liquid water than SRFA and EfOM. At each DOM concentration, ESHA exhibited higher promotion effect on Ace photodegradation than SRFA and EfOM, in liquid water and ice. The binding of Ace with DOM was indicated by decreases in fluorescence intensity of Ace when coexisted with DOM. However, the binding of Ace to DOM played an unimportant role in suppressing Ace photodegradation. The photodegradation behavior of fluorophores in Ace with DOM present in ice was not similar to that in liquid water. C-O, C═O, carboxyl groups O-H and aliphatic C-H functional groups in DOM were involved in the interaction of DOM with Ace. The presence of Ace seemed to have no influence on the photodegradation behavior of functional groups in DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Xue
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Caihong Jiang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Yingzi Lin
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhaohong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Jiyang Liu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
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10
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Zhou C, Wu B, Zheng X, Chen B, Chu C. Wavelength-dependent direct and indirect photochemical transformations of organic pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170414. [PMID: 38272084 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Sunlight-induced photochemical transformations greatly affect the persistence of organic pollutants in natural environment. Whereas sunlight intensity is well-known to affect pollutant phototransformation rates, the reliance of pollutant phototransformation kinetics on sunlight spectrum remains poorly understood, which may greatly vary under different spatial-temporal, water matrix, and climatic conditions. Here, we systematically assessed the wavelength-dependent direct and indirect phototransformations of 12 organic pollutants. Their phototransformation rates dramatically decreased with light wavelength increasing from 375 to 632 nm, with direct photolysis displaying higher wavelength-dependence than indirect photolysis. Remarkably, UV light dominated both direct (90.4-99.5 %) and indirect (64.6-98.7 %) photochemical transformations of all investigated organic pollutants, despite its minor portion in sunlight spectrum (e.g., 6.5 % on March 20 at the equator). Based on wavelength-dependent rate constant spectrum, the predicted phototransformation rate of chloramphenicol (4.5 ± 0.7 × 10-4 s-1) agreed well with the observed rate under outdoor sunlight irradiation (4.3 ± 0.0 × 10-4 s-1), and there is no significant difference between the predicted rate and the observed rate (p-value = 0.132). Moreover, rate constant and quantum yield coefficient (QYC) spectrum could be applied for facilely investigate the influence of spectral changes on the phototransformation of pollutants under varying spatial-temporal (e.g., season, latitude) and climatic conditions (e.g., cloud cover). Our study highlights the wavelength-dependence of both direct and indirect phototransformation of pollutants, and the UV part of natural sunlight plays a decisive role in the phototransformation of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Binbin Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chiheng Chu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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11
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Zhou Z, Yang L, Qu X, Fu H. Dissolved black carbon mediated photo-oxidation of arsenic(III) to arsenic(V) in water: The key role of triplet states. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140718. [PMID: 37972870 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a common contaminant found in natural waters, and has raised significant environmental concerns due to its toxicity and carcinogenicity. In this study, we investigated the mediated photo-oxidation of arsenite (As(III)) under simulated sunlight by dissolved black carbon (DBC), an important dissolved organic matter (DOM) constituent released from black carbon. Five DBC were collected from the water extracts of black carbons that were derived by pyrolyzing different biomass (i.e., bamboo, rice, peanuts, corn, and sorghum stalks), and four well-studied dissolved humic substances (DHS) were selected for benchmarking. The presence of DBC (i.e., 5 mg C-1) significantly accelerated the photo-oxidation of As(III) to arsenate (As(V)), with the observed pseudo-first-order rate constant of reaction increased by 5∼11 times. Quenching experiments of photochemically produced reactive intermediates suggested that As(III) was mainly oxidized by triplet-excited DBC (3DBC*, contribution of 48%), singlet oxygen (1O2, 18%) and superoxide anions (O2•-, 28%) in sunlight-irradiated DBC solutions. The average apparent quantum yield of As(III) photo-oxidation for DBC was found to be more than 4 times higher in comparison with DHS. Such a strong mediation efficiency of DBC was due to its smaller molecular size and higher aromaticity than DHS, which facilitated the non-charge-transfer process to produce triplet-excited states and their sensitized 1O2. Consistently, DBC exhibited a higher apparent quantum yield and a longer lifetime of triplet states as compared with DHS. The results imply that DBC may play a previously unrecognized important role in the fate of arsenic in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse/School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Lanqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse/School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse/School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Heyun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse/School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China.
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12
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Liao Z, Lu J, Xie K, Wang Y, Yuan Y. Prediction of Photochemical Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter Using Machine Learning. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17971-17980. [PMID: 37029743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Apparent quantum yields (Φ) of photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRIs) formed by dissolved organic matter (DOM) are vital to element cycles and contaminant fates in surface water. Simultaneous determination of ΦPPRI values from numerous water samples through existing experimental methods is time consuming and ineffective. Herein, machine learning models were developed with a systematic data set including 1329 data points to predict the values of three ΦPPRIs (Φ3DOM*, Φ1O2, and Φ·OH) based on DOM spectral parameters, experimental conditions, and calculation parameters. The best predictive performances for Φ3DOM*, Φ1O2, and Φ·OH were achieved using the CatBoost model, which outperformed the traditional linear regression models. The significances of the wavelength range and spectral parameters on the three ΦPPRI predictions were revealed, suggesting that DOM with lower molecular weight, lower aromatic content, and a more autochthonous portion possessed higher ΦPPRIs. Chain models were constructed by adding the predicted Φ3DOM* as a new feature into the Φ1O2 and Φ·OH models, which consequently improved the predictive performance of Φ1O2 but worsened the Φ·OH prediction likely due to the complex formation pathways of ·OH. Overall, this study offered robust ΦPPRI prediction across interlaboratory differences and provided new insights into the relationship between PPRIs formation and DOM properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinrong Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kunting Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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13
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Liu J, Xue S, Jiang C, Zhang Z, Lin Y. Effect of dissolved organic matter on sulfachloropyridazine photolysis in liquid water and ice. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 246:120714. [PMID: 37837902 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an ubiquitous component of environmental snow and ice, which can absorb light and produce reactive species (RS) and thus is of importance in ice photochemistry. The photodegradation of sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) without and with DOM present in liquid water and ice were investigated in this study. The photodegradation rate constants for SCP without DOM present was enhanced by 52.5 % in ice relative to liquid water, likely due to the enhanced role of SCP self-sensitized RS in ice. DOM significantly promoted SCP photolysis in both liquid water and ice, which was mainly attributed to roles of singlet oxygen (1O2) and triplet excited-state DOM (3DOM*) generated from DOM. 1O2 production from DOM was significantly enhanced in ice relative to liquid water. Hydroxyl radical (•OH) production from DOM in ice was similar to those in liquid water. Enhancement in 3DOM* production in ice was observed at low DOM concentrations. Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA) and Elliott Soil Humic Acid (ESHA) exhibited differences in RS production in liquid water and ice, as well as in enhancement of 1O2 and 3DOM* produced in ice relative to liquid water. DOM induced reaction pathways of SCP different from those without DOM present, and therefore affected toxicity of SCP photoproducts. There were differences in photodegradation pathways of SCP as well as in toxicity of SCP photoproducts between liquid water and ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Liu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Shuang Xue
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Caihong Jiang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Zhaohong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Yingzi Lin
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
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14
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Milstead RP, Berg SM, Kelly BM, Knellwolf CD, Larson CJ, Wammer KH, Remucal CK. Limitations of conventional approaches to identify photochemically produced reactive intermediates involved in contaminant indirect photodegradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:1694-1707. [PMID: 37728410 PMCID: PMC10591881 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00304c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) mediated indirect photodegradation can play an important role in the degradation of aquatic contaminants. Predicting the rate of this process requires knowledge of the photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRI) that react with the compound of interest, as well as the ability of individual DOM samples to produce PPRI. Key PPRI are typically identified using quencher studies, yet this approach often leads to results that are difficult to interpret. In this work, we analyze the indirect photodegradation of atorvastatin, carbamazepine, sulfadiazine, and benzotriazole using a diverse set of 48 waters from natural and engineered aquatic systems. We use this large data set to evaluate relationships between PPRI formation and indirect photodegradation rate constants, which are directly compared to results using standard quenching experiments. These data demonstrate that triplet state DOM (3DOM) and singlet oxygen (1O2) are critical PPRI for atorvastatin, carbamazepine, and sulfadiazine, while hydroxyl radical (˙OH) contributes to the indirect photodegradation of benzotriazole. We caution against relying on quenching studies because quenching of 3DOM limits the formation of 1O2 and all studied quenchers react with ˙OH. Furthermore, we show that DOM composition directly influences indirect photodegradation and that low molecular weight, microbial-like DOM is positively correlated with the indirect photodegradation rates of carbamazepine, sulfadiazine, and benzotriazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid P Milstead
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 N. Park St., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
| | - Stephanie M Berg
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 N. Park St., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
| | - Bella M Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105, USA
| | | | - Cooper J Larson
- Department of Chemistry, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105, USA
| | - Kristine H Wammer
- Department of Chemistry, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105, USA
| | - Christina K Remucal
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 N. Park St., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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15
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Yu P, Guo Z, Wang T, Wang J, Guo Y, Zhang L. Insights into the mechanisms of natural organic matter on the photodegradation of indomethacin under natural sunlight and simulated light irradiation. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120539. [PMID: 37659181 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Indomethacin (INDO) is an antipyretic and analgesic pharmaceutical that has been widely detected in the aquatic environment. Photodegradation is an essential pathway for removal of INDO in sunlit surface water, however the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on its photodegradation and the ecotoxicity of photodegradation products are largely unknown. In this study, the effect of DOM on the photodegradation of INDO under both natural and simulated light irradiation was studied. The results showed that indirect photolysis is the main photodegradation pathway of INDO in presence of DOM where 3DOM* plays the most important promoting role. Compared to commercial DOM (SRNOM and SRFA), DOM extracted from local-lake water (SLDOM) promoted the photodegradation to the highest extent. Although the steady-state concentrations of 3DOM* of SRNOM and SRFA were higher than SLDOM, their inhibition effect surpassed SLDOM namely higher light screening effect and phenolic antioxidant concentrations. The photodegradation pathway in pure water is different from that in DOM system where the decarboxylation of acetic acid chain and the oxidative fracture of indole ring are the main degradation pathways. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation further supports the proposed degradation pathways of INDO. ECOSAR calculation showed that the toxicity of INDO photodegradation products to aquatic organisms may maintain or even exceed its parent compound. Therefore, comprehensive understanding of the impact of DOM on the photodegradation of INDO is of crucial significance for evaluating its ecological risk in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Zhongyu Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Tingting Wang
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lilan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
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16
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Wei B, Li L, Xie X, Qi K, Wang Y, Wang Z. Effect of adsorption on ferrihydrite on the photoreactivity of dissolved black carbon for photodegradation of sulfadiazine. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139359. [PMID: 37379979 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The selective adsorption of dissolved black carbon (DBC) on inorganic minerals is a widespread geochemical process in the natural environment, which could change the chemical and optical properties of DBC. However, it remains unclear how selective adsorption affects the photoreactivity of DBC for photodegradation of organic pollutants. This paper was the first to investigate the effect of DBC adsorption on ferrihydrite at different Fe/C molar ratios (Fe/C molar ratios of 0, 7.50 and 11.25, and marked as DBC0, DBC7.50 and DBC11.25) on the photoproduction of reactive intermediates generated from DBC and their interaction with sulfadiazine (SD). Results showed that UV absorbance, aromaticity, molecular weight and contents of phenolic antioxidants of DBC were significantly decreased after adsorption on ferrihydrite, and higher decrease was observed at higher Fe/C ratio. Photodegradation kinetics experiments showed that observed photodegradation rate constant of SD (kobs) increased from 3.99 × 10-5 s-1 in DBC0 to 5.69 × 10-5 s-1 in DBC7.50 while decreased to 3.44 × 10-5 s-1 in DBC11.25, in which 3DBC* played important roles and 1O2 played a minor role, while ·OH was not involved in the reaction. Meanwhile, the second-order reaction rate constant between 3DBC* and SD (kSD, 3DBC*) increased from 0.84 × 108 M-1 s-1 for DBC0 to 2.53 × 108 M-1 s-1 for DBC7.50 while decreased to 0.90 × 108 M-1 s-1 for DBC11.25. The above results might be mainly attributed to the fact that the decrease of phenolic antioxidants in DBC weakened the back-reduction of 3DBC* and reactive intermediates of SD as the Fe/C ratio increased, while the decrease of quinones and ketones reduced the photoproduction of 3DBC*. The research revealed adsorption on ferrihydrite affected the photodegradation of SD by changing the reactivity of 3DBC*, which was helpful to understand the dynamic roles of DBC in the photodegradation of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wei
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Liangyu Li
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Kemin Qi
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yaodong Wang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhaowei Wang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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17
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Fu Y, Yan Y, Wei Z, Spinney R, Dionysiou DD, Vione D, Liu M, Xiao R. Overlooked Transformation of Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Natural Waters: Role of Self-Photosensitization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37327199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical transformation is an important process that involves trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in sunlit surface waters. However, the environmental implications of their self-photosensitization pathway have been largely overlooked. Here, we selected 1-nitronaphthalene (1NN), a representative nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, to study the self-photosensitization process. We investigated the excited-state properties and relaxation kinetics of 1NN after sunlight absorption. The intrinsic decay rate constants of triplet (31NN*) and singlet (11NN*) excited states were estimated to be 1.5 × 106 and 2.5 × 108 s-1, respectively. Our results provided quantitative evidence for the environmental relevance of 31NN* in waters. Possible reactions of 31NN* with various water components were evaluated. With the reduction and oxidation potentials of -0.37 and 1.95 V, 31NN* can be either oxidized or reduced by dissolved organic matter isolates and surrogates. We also showed that hydroxyl (•OH) and sulfate (SO4•-) radicals can be generated via the 31NN*-induced oxidation of inorganic ions (OH- and SO42-, respectively). We further investigated the reaction kinetics of 31NN* and OH- forming •OH, an important photoinduced reactive intermediate, through complementary experimental and theoretical approaches. The rate constants for the reactions of 31NN* with OH- and 1NN with •OH were determined to be 4.22 × 107 and 3.95 ± 0.01 × 109 M-1 s-1, respectively. These findings yield new insights into self-photosensitization as a pathway for TrOC attenuation and provide more mechanistic details into their environmental fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifu Fu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yiqi Yan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zongsu Wei
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC) & Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, Aarhus N DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Richard Spinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Davide Vione
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 5, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ruiyang Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
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18
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Du R, Zhang Q, Wang B, Huang J, Deng S, Yu G. Quantitative structure-activity relationship models for the reaction rate coefficients between dissolved organic matter and PPCPs. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131845. [PMID: 37354719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
To predict PPCPs' photolysis rate in natural aquatic environment, it is essential to grasp the reaction rates between DOM and PPCPs, yet there are few measured data and no prediction models for this important photochemical parameter. To address this, a reaction rate coefficient (αDOM) was defined to describe the apparent rate of DOM-involved photoreaction for PPCPs. The measured αDOM values for 40 PPCPs in 9 DOM samples varied dramatically, ranging from (-2.1 ± 0.1)× 1010 to (2.2 ± 0.1)× 1011 M-1 s-1. Then the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were developed using chemical and water quality descriptors via the random forest method. We initially separated positive and negative values by a classifier with an AUC value of 0.965, followed by the construction of regression models for positive and negative values, respectively, using a regressor. Positive models achieved satisfactory goodness-of-fit and predictive ability (R2adj=0.92 and Q2ext=0.86), while negative models demonstrated acceptable performance (R2adj=0.71 and Q2ext=0.70). Finally, a comprehensive photolysis model that incorporates the QSAR models for αDOM was established and the significance of water quality parameters was emphasized through sensitive analysis. This model enables more elaborate predictions of PPCPs' photolysis rates in various water samples, providing valuable assistance for forecasting PPCPs' environmental fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roujia Du
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qianxin Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shubo Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environmental and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
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19
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Berg SM, Wammer KH, Remucal CK. Dissolved Organic Matter Photoreactivity Is Determined by Its Optical Properties, Redox Activity, and Molecular Composition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6703-6711. [PMID: 37039298 PMCID: PMC11095828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the formation of photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRI) during the irradiation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) has remained challenging given the complex nature of this material and differences in PPRI formation mechanisms. We investigate the role of DOM composition in photoreactivity using 48 samples that span the range of DOM in freshwater systems and wastewater. We relate quantum yields for excited triplet-state organic matter (fTMP), singlet oxygen (Φ1O2), and hydroxylating species (Φ•OH) to DOM composition determined using spectroscopy, Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, and electron-donating capacity (EDC). fTMP and Φ1O2 follow similar trends and are correlated with bulk properties derived from UV-vis spectra and EDC. In contrast, no individual bulk property can be used to predict Φ•OH. At the molecular level, the subset of DOM that is positively correlated to both Φ•OH and EDC is distinct from DOM formulas related to Φ1O2, demonstrating that •OH and 1O2 are formed from different DOM fractions. Multiple linear regressions are used to relate quantum yields of each PPRI to DOM composition parameters derived from multiple techniques, demonstrating that complementary methods are ideal for characterizing DOM because each technique only samples a subset of DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Berg
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Kristine H. Wammer
- Department of Chemistry, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105
| | - Christina K. Remucal
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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20
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Zhao S, Qi J, Ding X. Characteristics, seasonal variations, and dry deposition fluxes of carbonaceous and water-soluble organic components in atmospheric aerosols over China's marginal seas. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 191:114940. [PMID: 37087828 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A total of 37 atmospheric aerosol samples were collected over the Yellow and Bohai Seas (YBS) during four cruises in autumn, winter, spring and summer from 2017 to 2018. The concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) ranged from 1.04 to 15.43 μg m-3 and 0.77-5.49 μg m-3, respectively, with higher values in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. WSOC contributed 68.49 % to OC in summer and 34.55 % in winter and was affected by temperature and relative humidity. Dicarboxylic acid showed a predominance of oxalic acid followed by malonic and then succinic acids. The contributions of secondary sources to OC and WSOC were 54 % and 65.3 %, respectively, indicating the importance of secondary aging in improving the water solubility of OC. The dry deposition flux of WSOC over the YBS was estimated to be 0.87 mg m-2 d-1, which might play a potential role in the marine carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jianhua Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Xue Ding
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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21
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Gan P, Lu Y, Li Y, Liu W, Chen L, Tong M, Liang J. Non-radical degradation of organic pharmaceuticals by g-C 3N 4 under visible light irradiation: The overlooked role of excitonic energy transfer. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130549. [PMID: 36495635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an excitonic energy transfer (EET) based non-radical mechanism was proposed for the degradation of organic pharmaceuticals by graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) under visible light irradiation. Using diclofenac (DCF) as a model molecule, the competition between single electron transfer (SET) and EET was studied through modulating the exciton binding energy of g-C3N4. The different mechanisms of SET and EET for DCF degradation were predicted by DFT calculation, and further confirmed by their different degradation pathways. When EET played an important role, the rationality of some very popular radical scavengers, such as p-BQ, TEMPOL and furfuryl alcohol must be reconsidered. In addition, humic acid (HA) had a distinct effect on EET and SET. Specifically, HA enhanced the EET process through photosensitization, but suppressed SET through radical quenching effect. The effect of HA on DCF degradation depended on the contribution ratio of SET and ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Gan
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Yunyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Wen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Long Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Meiping Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
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22
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Wang H, Zhang T, Ji Y, Lu J. Photodegradation of phenylurea herbicides sensitized by norfloxacin and the influence of natural organic matter. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130135. [PMID: 36303339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical activity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) has gained attention due to the discovery of their phototoxicity and photocarcinogenicity in clinics. This study reveals that norfloxacin (NOR) can sensitize the photodegradation of phenylurea (PU) herbicides. This is attributed to the formation of an excited triplet of norfloxacin (3NOR*) by UV-A irradiation of its quinolone chromophore, which can further react with O2 to form singlet oxygen (1O2). The second-order rate of 3NOR* with PU ranges from 1.54 × 1010 to 2.76 × 1010 M-1s-1. The steady-state concentrations of 3NOR* were calculated as (4.29-31.2)× 10-16 M at 10 μM NOR under UV365nm irradiation. Natural organic matter (NOM) inhibited the degradation of PU induced by 3NOR*. In the presence of 10 mg L-1 NOM, the pseudo-first-order rate constants (kobs,NOM) of the degradation of diuron (DIU), isoproturon (IPU), monuron (MOU), and chlorotoluron (CLU) decreased by 65%, 19%, 36%, and 62%, respectively. NOM mainly acts as a reductant which reacted with the radical intermediates of the PU generated by 3NOR*oxidation, thus reversing the oxidation. The inhibitory effect increases with increasing NOM concentration. Results of this study underscore the role of NOR as a photosensitizer in accelerating the abatement of PU pesticides in sunlit surface waters. This study significantly advances the understandings of the behavior of NOR in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuefei Ji
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junhe Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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23
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Mundhenke TF, Li SC, Maurer-Jones MA. Photodegradation of polyolefin thin films in simulated freshwater conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:2284-2293. [PMID: 36398693 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00359g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) are commonly used polyolefins in a variety of applications, which have resulted in their accumulation in the environment. Once in the environment, these polymers undergo various chemical and physical transformations as the result of environmental stressors such as sunlight. While photodegradation has been studied for decades, there are key gaps in knowledge on the phototransformations of polyolefins that occur under aqueous conditions. Therefore, the goal of this study is to characterize the phototransformations of PP and PE in simulated freshwater conditions. Polymer thin films were irradiated with 254 nm and 350 nm UV light in air, ultra-pure water, and solutions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to simulate natural systems. Irradiated plastics were evaluated for oxidation and chain scission. It was observed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) that oxidation in aqueous environments happened at a slower rate compared to oxidations in air. However, photo-oxidation was accelerated in the presence of DOM compared to ultrapure water, with singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical causing varied amounts of degradation depending on the polymer. The vinyl characteristic, a chain scission product, revealed an increased yield but the reaction rate showed that these photoproducts were more likely to occur when oxidation is less favorable. Compared to naturally weathered samples, lab observed transformations were on par with naturally degraded samples and support the importance of the in-lab measurements. This work quantifies the extent and rate of photodegradation pathways in PP and PE to demonstrate the importance of photodegradation in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Mundhenke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Dr., Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
| | - Sonia C Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Dr., Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
| | - Melissa A Maurer-Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Dr., Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
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24
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Tu YN, Li C, Shi F, Li Y, Zhang Z, Liu H, Tian S. Enhancive and inhibitory effects of copper complexation on triplet dissolved black carbon-sensitized photodegradation of organic micropollutants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135968. [PMID: 35964723 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Excited-triplet dissolved black carbon (DBC) was deemed as a significant reactive intermediate in the phototransformation of environmental micropollutants, but the impacts of concomitant metal ions on photochemical behavior of excited-triplet DBC (3DBC*) are poorly understood. Here, the photolytic kinetics of sulfadiazine and carbamazepine induced by 3DBC* involving Cu2+ was explored. The presence of Cu2+ reduced the 3DBC*-induced photodegradation rate of sulfadiazine; whereas for carbamazepine, Cu2+ enhanced 3DBC*-induced photodegradation. Cu(II)-DBC complex was formed due to the decreasing fluorescence intensities of DBC in the presence of Cu2+. Cu2+ complexation caused the decrease of 3DBC* steady-state concentrations, which markedly reduced 3DBC*-induced photodegradation rate of sulfadiazine due to its high triplet reactivity. Kinetic model showed that 3DBC* quenching rate by Cu2+ was 7.98 × 109 M-1 s-1. Cu2+ complexation can also enhance the electron transfer ability, thereby producing more ∙OH in Cu(II)-DBC complex, which explains the promoting effect of Cu2+ complexation on carbamazepine photodegradation in view of its low triplet reaction rate. These indicate that 3DBC* reactivity differences of organic micropollutants may explain their photodegradation kinetics differences in DBC system with/without Cu2+, which was supported by the linearized relationship between the photodegradation rate ratios of ten micropollutants with/without Cu2+ and their triplet reaction activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Na Tu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Chen Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Fengli Shi
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Huaying Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
| | - Senlin Tian
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
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25
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Zhao Z, Gan P, Zhu C, Li Y, Liu W, Tong M, Ye J, Liang J. Comparative evaluation of MSW incineration leachate treatment by heterogeneous catalytic O 3 and UV/O 3: The unexpected contribution of high salinity and overlooked role of excited state. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136143. [PMID: 36037945 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency and mechanism of heterogeneous catalytic O3 and UV/O3 for municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration leachate advanced treatment was systematically compared. Prior to comparison, catalyst used in heterogenous catalytic O3 and operation parameters for each technology were optimized. The COD removal of CuO@Al2O3/O3 under its optimal parameters was 57.2%, which failed to meet the standard (≥75%). In contrast, the COD removal by UV/O3 could be 82.3%. The superior efficiency of UV/O3 over CuO@Al2O3/O3 could be summarized into three aspects: (I) Cu bounded ·OH (≡Cu-O·) preferentially attacked hydrophilic groups, while free hydroxyl radical (·OH) was non-selective, thus UV/O3 exhibited a unique three-stage mechanism; (II) The oxidation potential of ≡Cu-O· was higher than that of ·OH, therefore was more vulnerable to the negative effect of radical self-quenching; (III) The existence of UV-induced excited states made organics in UV/O3 more active than in CuO@Al2O3/O3 system, thus high concentration of anions enhanced COD removal in UV/O3 but affected that in CuO@Al2O3/O3. The study further revealed the characteristics of heterogeneous catalytic O3 and UV/O3, and UV induced excited state should be considered in UV-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Pengfei Gan
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Chengjun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Yunyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Wen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Meiping Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Jiangyu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China.
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26
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Shang X, Liu X, Ren W, Huang J, Zhou Z, Lin C, He M, Ouyang W. Comparison of peroxodisulfate and peroxymonosulfate activated by microwave for degradation of chlorpyrifos in soil: Effects of microwaves, reaction mechanisms and degradation products. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Song N, Wu D, Xu H, Jiang H. Integrated evaluation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production characteristics in one large lake under alternating flood and drought conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119136. [PMID: 36155006 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are omnipresent in natural aquatic environments, and play an important role in biogeochemical cycles. One of the dominant sources of ROS in surface waters was thought to be from dissolved organic matter (DOM) interacting with photochemical process. The properties of DOM were different between the flood and drought periods in lakes; yet, information on how these variations influence ROS photoproduction is unknown. Through a three-year study, the photochemical properties of DOM and the resultant ROS photoproduction between the flood and drought period were determined in the largest freshwater lake in China (Lake Poyang). Results found that quantum yield coefficients of excited triplets (3CDOM*), apparent quantum yields of singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were holistically higher in the flood period than those in the drought period. The optical properties of DOM showed that DOM in the flood period featured an allochthonous input, accompanied by higher molecular size (E2/E3), aromatic content (SUVA254), humification degree (HIX), while DOM in the drought period was mainly internal input. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FI-ICR MS) further revealed that some refractory components, such as lignin-like and carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM) presented higher abundance in the flood period, and played the positive impacts on ROS production. Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) were used to build novel multivariate predictive models for indicating the spatio-temporal ROS production. Also, the relatively higher steady-state concentrations of 3CDOM* and 1O2 in the flood period could significantly diminish the half-lives of acetochlor. Considering the photochemical activity of DOM varied considerably at different periods, this study provided a new method to predict ROS production and contributed to a new insight into stage-specific emerging contaminants removing in natural aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Dinggui Wu
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Huacheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Helong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
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28
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Hsieh MC, Su YH, Hsu MH, Lin AYC. Enhanced MnO 2 oxidation of methotrexate through self-sensitized photolysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129494. [PMID: 35792433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
MnO2, which is ubiquitous in soil and sediment in natural water environments, may play an important role in the photolysis of contaminants by sunlight, but the interactions between MnO2 and contaminants in aqueous environments under sunlight irradiation have not been investigated. In this study, the simultaneous presence of sunlight and MnO2 significantly enhanced the degradation efficiency of methotrexate (MTX). Accordingly, we hypothesized that the overall enhancement of this synergistic reaction is due to the additional production of Mn(III) via MTX self-sensitized photolysis. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model for the photoreaction of MTX with MnO2 (Light/MTX+MnO2) during the initial reaction kinetics (0-2 h) revealed a rate constant of 0.43 h1 ([MTX] = 20 μM, [MnO2] = 200 μM, and pH = 7), which is faster than that obtained with sunlight alone (0.14 h1) or MnO2 alone; Mn(II) and Mn(III) were formed at concentrations of 24.3 ± 1.0 μM and 14.8 ± 1.4 μM, respectively. Dissolved Mn(III) species were identified as the main oxidant species responsible for the degradation of MTX. Two reaction pathways for the production of Mn(III) through Light/MTX+MnO2 were proposed; MTX acts as a photosensitizer to produce 3MTX* responsible for the reduction of MnO2 to Mn(III), whereas O2• participates in the oxidation of Mn(Ⅱ) to Mn(Ⅲ). Byproduct analysis demonstrated that the Mn(III) generated in the Light/MTX+MnO2 system enhances C-N bond cleavage, ketonization, and hydrolysis pathways in the MTX transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chi Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Su
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hao Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Angela Yu-Chen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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29
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Bhat A, Pomerantz WCK, Arnold WA. Finding Fluorine: Photoproduct Formation during the Photolysis of Fluorinated Pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12336-12346. [PMID: 35972505 PMCID: PMC9454825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The photolysis of pesticides with different fluorine motifs was evaluated to quantify the formation of fluorinated products in buffered aqueous systems, advanced oxidation (AOP) and reduction processes (ARP), and river water. Simulated sunlight quantum yields at pH 7 were 0.0033, 0.0025, 0.0015, and 0.00012 for penoxsulam, florasulam, sulfoxaflor, and fluroxypyr, respectively. The bimolecular rate constants with hydroxyl radicals were 2 to 5.7 × 1010 M-1 s-1 and, with sulfate radicals, 1.6 to 2.6 × 108 M-1 s-1 for penoxsulam, florasulam, and fluroxypyr, respectively. The rate constants of sulfoxaflor were 100-fold lower. Using quantitative 19F-NMR, complete fluorine mass balances were obtained. The maximum fluoride formation was 53.4 and 87.4% for penoxsulam and florasulam under ARP conditions, and 6.1 and 100% for sulfoxaflor and fluroxypyr under AOP conditions. Heteroaromatic CF3 and aliphatic CF2 groups were retained in multiple fluorinated photoproducts. Aryl F and heteroaromatic F groups were readily defluorinated to fluoride. CF3 and CF2 groups formed trifluoroacetate and difluoroacetate, and yields increased under oxidizing conditions. 19F-NMR chemical shifts and coupling analysis provided information on hydrogen loss on adjacent bonds or changes in chirality. Mass spectrometry results were consistent with the observed 19F-NMR products. These results will assist in selecting treatment processes for specific fluorine motifs and in the design of agrochemicals to reduce byproduct formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash
P. Bhat
- Department
of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-, Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Dr. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William C. K. Pomerantz
- Department
of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant St. SE, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States
| | - William A. Arnold
- Department
of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-, Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Dr. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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30
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Wu B, Zhou C, Zhao G, Wang J, Dai H, Liu T, Zheng X, Chen B, Chu C. Enhanced photochemical production of reactive intermediates at the wetland soil-water interface. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118971. [PMID: 35977437 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRIs) formed by sunlight-irradiation of natural photosensitizers play critical roles in accelerating biogeochemical cycles on earth surface. Existing PPRI studies mostly focus on bulk phase reactions (e.g., bulk water), with PPRI processes at the environmental interfaces largely unexplored. Here, we report the wetland soil-water interface (SWI) as a widespread but previously unappreciated hotspot for PPRI productions. Massive productions of four important PPRI species (i.e., triplet-state excited organic matter (3OM*), singlet oxygen (1O2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (•OH)) were observed at the SWI. All four PPRI species exhibited higher productions at the SWI than those in bulk water, where •OH production was largely elevated by up to one order of magnitude. The enhanced PPRI productions at the SWI were caused by intensified photon absorption and vibrant Fe-mediated redox processes, where the light absorption by less- or non-photoactive soil substances partially offset the enhancement on PPRI productions. Nationwide wetland investigations demonstrate that the SWI was a ubiquitous hotspot for PPRI productions. Simulations on PPRIs-mediated reactions suggest that the enhanced PPRI productions could greatly affect the kinetics and transformation pathways of nutrients and pollutants. Given that the SWI also acts a hotspot for nutrient and pollutant accumulation, incorporating the SWI enhanced PPRI productions into biogeochemical process assessments is pivotal for advancing our understandings on the element cycles and pollutant dynamics in wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chong Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hengyi Dai
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chiheng Chu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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31
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Hong AJ, Lee J, Cha Y, Zoh KD. Propiconazole degradation and its toxicity removal during UV/H 2O 2 and UV photolysis processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134876. [PMID: 35551935 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Propiconazole (PRO) is a triazole fungicide that is frequently detected in the water. In this study, we investigated the kinetics and degradation mechanism of PRO during the UV photolysis and UV/H2O2 processes. PRO was removed by the pseudo-first-order kinetics in both processes. The removal of PRO was enhanced by increasing H2O2 concentration in the UV/H2O2 process. The highest removal under neutral conditions, and lower removal of PRO were observed in acidic and alkaline pHs in the UV/H2O2 process. The presence of natural water ingredients such as Cl-, NO3-, humic acid acted as radical scavengers, but HCO3- ion acted as both radical promoter and scavenger in the UV/H2O2 process. The transformation products (TPs) of PRO during both processes were identified using LC-QTOF/MS. Four TPs ([M+H]+ = 238, 256, 306, and 324) were identified during UV photolysis, and six TPs ([M+H]+ = 238, 256, 306, 324, 356, and 358) were identified in the UV/H2O2 process. Among the identified TPs, TP with [M+H]+ values of 356 and 358 were newly identified in the UV/H2O2 process. In addition, ionic byproducts, such as Cl-, NO3-, formate (HCOO-), and acetate (CH3COO-), were newly identified, indicating that significant mineralization was achieved in the UV/H2O2 process. Based on the identified TPs and ionic byproducts, the degradation mechanisms of PRO during two processes were proposed. The major reactions in both processes were ring cleavage and cyclization, and hydroxylation by OH radicals. The Microtox test with Vibrio fischeri showed that, while the toxicity of the reaction solution increased first, then gradually decreased during UV photolysis, the UV/H2O2 process initially increased toxicity at 10 min due to the production of TPs, but toxicity was completely removed as the reaction progressed. The results obtained in this study imply that the UV/H2O2 process is an effective treatment for eliminating PRO, its TPs, and the resulting toxicity in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae-Jung Hong
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Youngho Cha
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Duk Zoh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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32
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Fang N, Lu Z, Hou Z, Zhang C, Zhao X. Hydrolysis and photolysis of flupyradifurone in aqueous solution and natural water: Degradation kinetics and pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134294. [PMID: 35283145 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flupyradifurone (FPO) easily spreads to the water environment after application because of its high solubility in water (3200 mg/L, 20 °C), but as a novel neonicotinoid pesticide, its environmental fate study is still lacking. Here, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the degradation kinetics and pathways of FPO in aqueous solutions and natural waters. The results showed that FPO was fairly stable in water under natural conditions (the hydrolysis half-lives at 15 °C, 25 °C, and 35 °C were >150 d, and the photolysis half-lives under sunlight were >168 h). However, FPO was photodegraded rapidly under ultraviolet (UV) light (half-lives of 2.37-3.81 min). Then, indirect photolysis under UV light was examined with the addition of photosensitizers, revealing that direct photolysis is the main FPO degradation pathway in water, and the contribution of indirect photolysis was limited. Moreover, two photoproducts were separated, purified and collected via preparative HPLC, and identified via high resolution mass spectrometry. Then, the plausible photolysis pathway was proposed. The results of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the fate of FPO in the water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Fang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Zhongbin Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Zhiguang Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Changpeng Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Xueping Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
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Tong X, Mohapatra S, Zhang J, Tran NH, You L, He Y, Gin KYH. Source, fate, transport and modelling of selected emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment: Current status and future perspectives. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 217:118418. [PMID: 35417822 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of emerging contaminants (ECs), such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in aquatic environments represent a major threat to water resources due to their potential risks to the ecosystem and humans even at trace levels. Mathematical modelling can be a useful tool as a comprehensive approach to study their fate and transport in natural waters. However, modelling studies of the occurrence, fate and transport of ECs in aquatic environments have generally received far less attention than the more widespread field and laboratory studies. In this study, we reviewed the current status of modelling ECs based on selected representative ECs, including their sources, fate and various mechanisms as well as their interactions with the surrounding environments in aquatic ecosystems, and explore future development and perspectives in this area. Most importantly, the principles, mathematical derivations, ongoing development and applications of various ECs models in different geographical regions are critically reviewed and discussed. The recommendations for improving data quality, monitoring planning, model development and applications were also suggested. The outcomes of this review can lay down a future framework in developing a comprehensive ECs modelling approach to help researchers and policymakers effectively manage water resources impacted by rising levels of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuneng Tong
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Sanjeeb Mohapatra
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create way, Create Tower, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Jingjie Zhang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create way, Create Tower, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Shenzhen Municipal Engineering Lab of Environmental IoT Technologies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Ngoc Han Tran
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create way, Create Tower, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Luhua You
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create way, Create Tower, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create way, Create Tower, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore.
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Rocha CM, Lastre-Acosta AM, Parizi MPS, Teixeira ACSC. Environmental photochemical fate of pesticides ametryn and imidacloprid in surface water (Paranapanema River, São Paulo, Brazil). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:42290-42304. [PMID: 35031991 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In addition to direct photolysis studies, in this work the second-order reaction rate constants of pesticides imidacloprid (IMD) and ametryn (AMT) with hydroxyl radicals (HO●), singlet oxygen (1O2), and triplet excited states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*) were determined by kinetic competition under sunlight. IMD and AMT exhibited low photolysis quantum yields: (1.23 ± 0.07) × 10-2 and (7.99 ± 1.61) × 10-3 mol Einstein-1, respectively. In contrast, reactions with HO● radicals and 3CDOM* dominate their degradation, with 1O2 exhibiting rates three to five orders of magnitude lower. The values of kIMD,HO● and kAMT,HO● were (3.51 ± 0.06) × 109 and (4.97 ± 0.37) × 109 L mol-1 s-1, respectively, while different rate constants were obtained using anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQ2S) or 4-carboxybenzophenone (CBBP) as CDOM proxies. For IMD this difference was significant, with kIMD,3AQ2S* = (1.02 ± 0.08) × 109 L mol-1 s-1 and kIMD,3CBBP* = (3.17 ± 0.14) × 108 L mol-1 s-1; on the contrary, the values found for AMT are close, kAMT,3AQ2S* = (8.13 ± 0.35) × 108 L mol-1 s-1 and kAMT,3CBBP* = (7.75 ± 0.80) × 108 L mol-1 s-1. Based on these results, mathematical simulations performed with the APEX model for typical levels of water constituents (NO3-, NO2-, CO32-, TOC, pH) indicate that the half-lives of these pesticides should vary between 24.1 and 18.8 days in the waters of the Paranapanema River (São Paulo, Brazil), which can therefore be impacted by intensive agricultural activity in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mendes Rocha
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Chemical Systems Engineering Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, 380, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Arlen Mabel Lastre-Acosta
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Chemical Systems Engineering Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, 380, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Prado Silva Parizi
- Energy Engineering Department, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. dos Barrageiros, 1881, Rosana, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Silva Costa Teixeira
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Chemical Systems Engineering Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, 380, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Sardana A, Weaver L, Aziz TN. Effects of dissolved organic matter characteristics on the photosensitized degradation of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:805-824. [PMID: 35481471 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00545f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment wetlands are aquatic systems where diverse dissolved organic matter (DOM) compositions physically interact. Complex photochemical behaviors ensue, leading to uncertainties in the prediction of indirect photodegradation rates for organic contaminants. Here, we evaluate the photosensitization ability of whole water DOM samples from a treatment wetland and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in North Carolina to photodegrade target pharmaceuticals. Optical characterization using ultraviolet-visible and excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy shows that wetland DOM has higher aromaticity than WWTP DOM and that WWTP secondary treatment processes increase aromaticity, overall molecular weight, and humic character of wastewater DOM. Our application of a reversed-phase HPLC method to assess DOM polarity distinctly reveals that a subset of the wetland samples possesses an abundance of hydrophobic DOM moieties. Hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) mediate the majority (>50%) of the indirect photodegradation for amoxicillin (AMX), atenolol (ATL), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), while singlet oxygen (1O2) is presumed to be solely responsible for the photodegradation of cimetidine (CME). Our findings suggest that hydrophobic interactions and improved accessibility to photogenerated reactive intermediates lead to significant increases in photosensitization efficiencies and overall indirect photodegradation rates of AMX, ATL, and EE2 for the hydrophobic wetland samples. In contrast, CME photosensitization yields are unaffected by polarity and trend positively with optical indicators of sunlight-induced DOM photobleaching and humification, suggesting that wetland processing favors faster 1O2 photogeneration. These relationships highlight the uncertainties in photosensitization yields and effects of DOM optical properties and polarity on the photochemical fate of organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Sardana
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, 3250 Fitts-Woolard Hall, 915 Partners Way, Raleigh NC 27695, USA.
- Geosyntec Consultants Inc., 2501 Blue Ridge Road, Suite 430, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Leah Weaver
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, 3250 Fitts-Woolard Hall, 915 Partners Way, Raleigh NC 27695, USA.
| | - Tarek N Aziz
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, 3250 Fitts-Woolard Hall, 915 Partners Way, Raleigh NC 27695, USA.
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Wu D, Li M, Du L, Ren D, Wang J. Straw return in paddy field alters photodegradation of organic contaminants by changing the quantity rather than the quality of water-soluble soil organic matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153371. [PMID: 35085639 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Straw return, an important agricultural management practice, is worldwide adopted to enhance soil carbon sequestration and soil fertility. Although water-soluble soil organic matter (WSOM) in paddy field is known to affect the photodegradation of organic contaminants, how straw return regulates the photosensitization of WSOM by changing its properties remain unclear. Here, we determined the temporal variations in the content, chemical characteristics, and photosensitizing ability of WSOM after wheat straw return in a wheat-rice rotation system using optical spectroscopy and steady-state photodegradation tests. After straw return, the WSOM content first increased to a maximum and then gradually decreased to pre-return level at day 90. Nevertheless, the relative abundance of humic-like components in WSOM was not shifted by straw return, and protein-like component in WSOM just showed a slight decrease at day 45. All the WSOM samples inhibited sulfamethoxazole (SMX) photodegradation by light filtering, reactive species quenching and other mechanisms, while promoted diuron (DIU) degradation via reacting with •OH, 1O2 and excited triplet WSOM. The photodegradation of SMX and DIU was little affected by straw return changing WSOM composition and photochemical activity. However, straw return could decelerate SMX and DIU photodegradation by elevating WSOM content in a relatively short-term. This study emphasizes that straw return may reduce the photodegradation of organic contaminants by increasing WSOM concentration instead of altering WSOM chemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Wu
- Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Ling Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Dong Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China; Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China.
| | - Junjian Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Pal S, Basu A, Thakur RG, Balachandran S, Chaudhury S. Consumption of Pila globosa (Swainson) collected from organophosphate applied paddy fields: human health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:33281-33294. [PMID: 35022966 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Unregulated use of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and monocrotophos (MCP) in agriculture casts adverse effects on non-target freshwater mollusc, Pila globosa and humans. Levels of CPF and MCP were assessed in the paddy field from the edible foot tissue of apple snail (Pila globosa) exposed to low (1.5 ml l-1 water) and high (2.5 ml l-1 water) agricultural doses for 48 h to determine human health risk associated with consumption of tissue. CPF and MCP were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and analysed by QuEChERS method using GC-MS/MS. For low and high concentrations of CPF exposure, the pesticide residue levels in the paddy field water ranged from 4.43 to 1.08 and 5.13 to 1.53 µg l-1, respectively, whereas, for low and high concentrations of MCP exposure, the residue levels in water ranged from 16.43 to 5.78 and 31.41 to 9. 27 µg l-1, respectively, for 3-48 h. In the foot tissue, residues ranged from 4.36 to 15.54 µg kg-1 for low-dose CPF, 7.1 to 18.05 µg kg-1for high-dose CPF and from 5.28 to 12.3 µg kg-1 and 8.94 to 18.21 µg kg-1 for low and high dose of MCP, respectively, during 3 to 48 h of exposure. Pesticides in the tissue were lower than the recommended maximum residue limits. Estimated health risk for adults and children revealed that the estimated daily intake values did not exceed the threshold values of acceptable daily intake. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health effects were less than the safe value of 1.0 and 1 × 10-6, respectively, suggesting that CPF and MCP residues from ingestion of apple snail posed low risks to both children and adults. This preliminary result suggests regular monitoring of pesticides residues in Pila globosa collected from the paddy field of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasis Pal
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India, 731235
| | - Aman Basu
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India, 731235
- Department of Biology, University of York, Toronto, Canada
| | - Richik Ghosh Thakur
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India, 731235
| | - Srinivasan Balachandran
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India, 731235.
| | - Shibani Chaudhury
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India, 731235.
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Lewer JM, Stickelman ZR, Huang JH, Peloquin JF, Kostal J. Structure-to-process design framework for developing safer pesticides. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn2058. [PMID: 35353571 PMCID: PMC8967227 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Rational design of pesticides with tunable degradation properties and minimal ecotoxicity is among the grand challenges of green chemistry. While computational approaches have gained traction in predictive toxicology, current methods lack the necessary multifaceted approach and design-vectoring tools needed for system-based chemical development. Here, we report a tiered computational framework, which integrates kinetics and thermodynamics of indirect photodegradation with predictions of ecotoxicity and performance, based on cutoff values in mechanistically derived physicochemical properties and electronic parameters. Extensively validated against experimental data and applied to 700 pesticides on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's registry, our simple yet powerful approach can be used to screen existing molecules to identify application-ready candidates with desirable characteristics. By linking structural attributes to process-based outcomes and by quantifying trade-offs in safety, depletion, and performance, our method offers a user-friendly roadmap to rational design of novel pesticides.
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Liu Y, Wang M, Yin S, Xie L, Qu X, Fu H, Shi Q, Zhou F, Xu F, Tao S, Zhu D. Comparing Photoactivities of Dissolved Organic Matter Released from Rice Straw-Pyrolyzed Biochar and Composted Rice Straw. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:2803-2815. [PMID: 35089700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, we systematically compared the photoactivity and photobleaching behavior between dissolved black carbon (DBC) from rice straw biochar and leached dissolved organic carbon (LDOC) from rice straw compost using complementary techniques. The Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analysis showed that DBC was dominated by polycyclic aromatic (55.1%) and tannin-like molecules (24.1%), while LDOC was dominated by lignin-like (58.9%) and tannin-like molecules (19.7%). Under simulated sunlight conditions, DBC had much higher apparent quantum yields for 3DOM* and 1O2 but much lower apparent quantum yields for •OH than LDOC. After a 168 h irradiation, the total number of LDOC formulas identified by FT-ICR MS decreased by 40.1% with concurrent increases in O/C and H/C ratios and also decreases in double bond equivalence minus oxygen (DBE - O) and average molecular weight identified by gel permeation chromatography. However, despite the large decreases in UVA254 and DOC, the total number of DBC formulas decreased only by 12.0% with nearly unchanged O/C ratio, DBE - O values, molecular weight distribution, and benzenepolycarboxylic aromatic condensation (BACon) index regardless of the decreased percentage of condensed aromatic carbon (ConAC %). Compared with LDOC, the photolysis of DBC was much less oxidative and destructive mainly via breakup of a small portion of the highly condensed aromatic rings, probably accompanied by photodecarboxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Liu
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Minli Wang
- School of the Environment, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Shujun Yin
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lekai Xie
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- School of the Environment, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Heyun Fu
- School of the Environment, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Quan Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fuliu Xu
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongqiang Zhu
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Liang X, Guan F, Ling Z, Wang H, Tao Y, Kraka E, Huang H, Yu C, Li D, He J, Fang H. Pivotal role of water molecules in the photodegradation of pymetrozine: New insights for developing green pesticides. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127197. [PMID: 34844343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photodegradation of the insecticide pymetrozine (PYM) was studied on surface of wax films, and in aqueous and nonaqueous phase. The half-life of PYM on the wax surface was approximately 250 times longer than in water. Scavenging experiments, laser flash photolysis, and spectra analysis indicated the first singlet excited state of PYM (S1 *PYM) to be the most important photoinduced species initiating the photodegradation. Quantum chemistry calculations identified significant molecular torsion and changes in the structure C-CN-N of S1 *PYM, and the absolute charges of the CN atoms increased and the bond strength weakened. Free energy surface analysis, and O18 labeling experiments further confirmed that the mechanism was two-step photoinduced hydrolysis. The first step is the hydrolysis of S1 *PYM at CN upon reaction with 2-3 water molecules (one H2O molecule as the catalyst). The second step is an intramolecular hydrogen transfer coupled with the cleavage of C-N bond and formation of two cyclic products. During the interactions, water molecules experience catalytic activation by transferring protons, while there is a negligible solvent effect. Clarifying the detailed photodegradation mechanisms of PYM is beneficial for the development of green pesticides that are photostable and effective on leaf surfaces, and photolabile and detoxified in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Fangling Guan
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resource and Ecology of Jiangxi Province, College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhiyou Ling
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resource and Ecology of Jiangxi Province, College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Honghong Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yunwen Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave, Dallas, TX 75275-0314, USA
| | - Elfi Kraka
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave, Dallas, TX 75275-0314, USA
| | - Huajun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resource and Ecology of Jiangxi Province, College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Chenglong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resource and Ecology of Jiangxi Province, College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Danping Li
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resource and Ecology of Jiangxi Province, College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jinbao He
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resource and Ecology of Jiangxi Province, College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Hansun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resource and Ecology of Jiangxi Province, College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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Yao Y, Hu X, Zhang Y, He H, Li S. Visible light promoted the removal of tetrabromobisphenol A from water by humic acid-FeS colloid. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133192. [PMID: 34890606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ferrous sulfide (FeS) and humic acid (HA) are typical black substances in black bloom water. Based on the strong reduction ability of FeS and the photosensitivity of HA, the transformation of toxic organic pollutants by the combination of FeS and HA (HA-FeS) is not clear. In order to explore this issue, the stability of HA-FeS was analyzed by measuring the hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of HA-FeS, and then the removal mechanism and possible degradation pathway of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) by HA-FeS under continuous illumination were discussed. The results showed that the hydrodynamic diameter of FeS was reduced and the stability of FeS was improved, and it was easily suspended after FeS combined with the HA in the water. The combination of HA and FeS promoted the removal of TBBPA in water, no matter it was in the presence or absence of light. Besides, compared with the absence of light, the removal efficiency of TBBPA was improved by HA-FeS with continuous light. There were two reasons for the increase in the removal efficiency of TBBPA by HA-FeS. On the one hand, Fe2+ and S2- of HA-FeS had more stable chemical valence and obtained better reducibility under continuous light than that in the dark. On the other hand, light induced the release of active species (O2-, 1O2, and OH) in the HA-FeS composite colloid and further promoted the degradation of organic pollutants. Therefore, the black substances (FeS) of black blooms may play a beneficial role in the removal of pollutants under sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youru Yao
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Xin Hu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Li Y, Wang L, Xu H, Lu J, Chovelon JM, Ji Y. Direct and nitrite-sensitized indirect photolysis of effluent-derived phenolic contaminants under UV 254 irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:127-139. [PMID: 34981110 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00381j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UV254 photolysis has increasingly been utilized for disinfection of water-born pathogens in wastewater. During disinfection, wastewater-derived trace organic contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), may be subjected to direct photolysis and indirect photolysis sensitized by wastewater constituents such as nitrite (NO2-). Herein, we reported the direct photolysis and NO2--sensitized indirect photolysis of four phenolic contaminants commonly observed in wastewaters (i.e., bisphenol A (BPA), acetaminophen (ATP), salbutamol (SAL), and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP1)). Spectroscopic characterization and quantum yield measurement were carried out to evaluate the photochemical reactivity of these phenolic compounds. In NO2--sensitized photolysis, the relative contribution of direct and indirect photolysis was quantified by light screening factor calculation and radical quenching studies. The experimental results highlight the important roles of HO˙ and NO2˙ in the NO2--sensitized photolysis of phenolic compounds. A series of intermediate products, including hydroxylated, nitrated, nitrosated, dimerized, and alkyl chain cleavage products, were identified by solid phase extraction (SPE) combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyses. On the basis of identified products, the underlying mechanisms and transformation pathways for NO2--sensitized photolysis of these phenolic compounds were elucidated. The second-order rate constants of BPA, SAL, BP1 with NO2˙ were calculated to be 2.25 × 104, 1.35 × 104 and 2.44 × 104 M-1 s-1, respectively, by kinetic modeling. Suwanee River natural organic matter (SRNOM) played complex roles in the direct and NO2--sensitized photolysis of phenolic compounds by serving as a photosensitizer, light screening and radical quenching agent. Wastewater constituents, such as NO3- and EfOM, could accelerate direct and NO2--sensitized photolysis of BPA, SAL, and BP1 in the wastewater matrix. Our results suggest that NO2- at the WWTP effluent-relevant level can sensitize the photolysis of effluent-derived phenolic contaminants during the UV254 disinfection process; however, the formation of potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic nitrated/nitrosated derivatives should be scrutinized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Lixiao Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Haiyan Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Junhe Lu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jean-Marc Chovelon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yuefei Ji
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Liao Z, Wang Y, Xie K, Xie N, Cai X, Zhou L, Yuan Y. Photochemistry of dissolved organic matter in water from the Pearl river (China): Seasonal patterns and predictive modelling. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 208:117875. [PMID: 34837813 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) vary widely in natural and engineered water systems due to the different dominant compositions. However, seasonal patterns of DOM photochemical properties in urban rivers remain unclear. In this study, two seasons (wet and dry) of water samples were collected from eleven sites throughout the Pearl River (China) to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of DOM optical and photochemical properties. The optical properties of DOM in the Pearl River were characterized by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies, which showed the substantial decrease in absorption coefficient and fluorescence intensity and increase in absorbence ratio (E2/E3) and specific absorption coefficient (SUVA) from the wet to dry season. The photochemical properties in terms of the apparent quantum yields of 3DOM*, 1O2 and ·OH from DOM (Φ3DOM*, Φ1O2 and Φ·OH, DOM) under illumination also displayed a significant decrease from the wet to the dry season. Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed the strongest relationships between Φ3DOM*, Φ1O2 and Φ·OH, DOM and the relative abundance of microbial humic-like component (C2%) derived from parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Partial least squares regression (PLSR) modelling exhibited an excellent prediction strength for steady-state concentrations of 1O2 ([1O2]ss) and ·OH ([·OH]ss) with adjusted R2 values of 0.85 and 0.91, respectively, by using DOC concentration ([DOC]), optical properties, nitrate and nitrite concentrations as the response variables. In addition, the model identified that the Fmax of humic-like component C4 (Fmax-C4) was the most effective predictor amongst the used response variables. This study provides an approach to describe and predict the seasonal patterns of DOM photochemical properties in urbanized rivers, offering a good understanding of the formation mechanism of reactive species from river DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Kunting Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Nangeng Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xixi Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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44
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Liao X, Cao J, Hu Y, Zhang C, Hu L. Mechanism of unactivated peroxymonosulfate-induced degradation of methyl parathion: Kinetics and transformation pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131332. [PMID: 34198067 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although various activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) processes have been applied widely for the destruction of recalcitrant organics due to its high generation potential of various electrophiles reactive oxygen species (e.g., sulfate and hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen), non-radical-based PMS reactions with pollutants are poorly understood. Especially, relatively little information exists on the reactivity of PMS towards organic ester compounds such an organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs). Herein, we systematically studied the unactivated PMS-induced transformation of methyl parathion, a stubborn and toxic OPP. Specifically, direct reaction rather than electrophile radical-based oxidation was responsible for the rapid degradation of methyl parathion. The contribution of the produced singlet oxygen (1O2) from the self-decomposition of PMS to methyl parathion degradation can be neglected. The degradation rate constant (kobs) was strongly dependent on PMS loading and solution pH. The implication of the PMS reaction with methyl parathion for environment treatment was further evaluated by investigating the effects of common water matrices such as sediment humic acids, Cl-, and natural water. The identified metabolic products revealed that exposure to PMS resulted in hydrolysis and oxidation to methyl parathion. Further study demonstrated that PMS was also capable of effectively oxidizing other typical OPPs without explicit activation. This study provides novel insights into the reaction of methyl parathion with PMS, which indicate feasibility for the decontamination of OPP-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Liao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Jinru Cao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Caixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Lisong Hu
- School of Xingfa Mining Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
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Drouin G, Droz B, Leresche F, Payraudeau S, Masbou J, Imfeld G. Direct and indirect photodegradation of atrazine and S-metolachlor in agriculturally impacted surface water and associated C and N isotope fractionation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:1791-1802. [PMID: 34709265 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00246e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of direct and indirect photodegradation of pesticides and associated isotope fractionation can help to assess pesticide degradation in surface waters. Here, we investigated carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotope fractionation during direct and indirect photodegradation of the herbicides atrazine and S-metolachlor in synthetic agriculturally impacted surface waters containing nitrates (20 mg L-1) and dissolved organic matter (DOM, 5.4 mgC L-1). Atrazine and S-metolachlor were quickly photodegraded by both direct and indirect processes (half-lives <5 and <7 days, respectively). DOM slowed down photodegradation while nitrates increased degradation rates. The analysis of transformation products showed that oxidation mediated by hydroxyl radicals (HO˙) predominated during indirect photodegradation. UV light (254 nm) led to significant C and N isotope fractionation, yielding isotopic fractionation values εC = 2.7 ± 0.3 and 0.8 ± 0.1‰, and εN = 2.4 ± 0.3 and -2.6 ± 0.7‰ for atrazine and S-metolachlor, respectively. In contrast, photodegradation under simulated sunlight led to negligible C and slight N isotope fractionation, emphasizing the effect of the radiation wavelengths on the isotope fractionation induced by direct photodegradation. Altogether, these results highlight the importance of using simulated sunlight to obtain environmentally-relevant isotopic fractionation values and to distinguish photodegradation and other dissipation pathways in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Drouin
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg (ITES), Université de Strasbourg, EOST, ENGEES, CNRS, UMR 7063, 5 rue Descartes, Strasbourg F-67084, France.
| | - Boris Droz
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg (ITES), Université de Strasbourg, EOST, ENGEES, CNRS, UMR 7063, 5 rue Descartes, Strasbourg F-67084, France.
| | - Frank Leresche
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Sylvain Payraudeau
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg (ITES), Université de Strasbourg, EOST, ENGEES, CNRS, UMR 7063, 5 rue Descartes, Strasbourg F-67084, France.
| | - Jérémy Masbou
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg (ITES), Université de Strasbourg, EOST, ENGEES, CNRS, UMR 7063, 5 rue Descartes, Strasbourg F-67084, France.
| | - Gwenaël Imfeld
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg (ITES), Université de Strasbourg, EOST, ENGEES, CNRS, UMR 7063, 5 rue Descartes, Strasbourg F-67084, France.
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46
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Wenk J, Graf C, Aeschbacher M, Sander M, Canonica S. Effect of Solution pH on the Dual Role of Dissolved Organic Matter in Sensitized Pollutant Photooxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15110-15122. [PMID: 34714642 PMCID: PMC8735754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has a dual role in indirect phototransformations of aquatic contaminants by acting both as a photosensitizer and an inhibitor. Herein, the pH dependence of the inhibitory effect of DOM and the underlying mechanisms were studied in more than 400 kinetic irradiation experiments over the pH range of 6-11. Experiments employed various combinations of one of three DOM isolates, one of two model photosensitizers, the model antioxidant phenol, and one of nine target compounds (TCs), comprising several aromatic amines, in particular anilines and sulfonamides, and 4-cyanophenol. Using model photosensitizers without antioxidants, the phototransformation of most TCs increased with increasing pH, even for TCs for which pH did not affect speciation. This trend was attributed to pH-dependent formation yields of TC-derived radicals and their re-formation to the parent TC. Analogous trends were observed with DOM as a photosensitizer. Comparison of model and DOM photosensitizer data sets showed increasing inhibitory effects of DOM on TC phototransformation kinetics with increasing pH. In systems with anilines as a TC and phenol as a model antioxidant, pH trends of the inhibitory effect could be rationalized based on the reduction potential difference (ΔEred) of phenoxyl/phenol and anilinyl/aniline couples. Our results indicate that the light-induced transformation of aromatic amines in the aquatic environment is governed by the pH-dependent inhibitory effects of antioxidant phenolic moieties of DOM and pH-dependent processes related to the formation of amine oxidation intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Wenk
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Water Innovation & Research Centre
(WIRC), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
- . Tel: +44-1225-383246
| | - Cornelia Graf
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- INFRAS
Research and Consulting, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Aeschbacher
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sander
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Canonica
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- . Tel: +41-58-765-5453. Fax: +41-58-765-5210
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Leresche F, Salazar JR, Pfotenhauer DJ, Hannigan MP, Majestic BJ, Rosario-Ortiz FL. Photochemical Aging of Atmospheric Particulate Matter in the Aqueous Phase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:13152-13163. [PMID: 34529399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the photoaging of atmospheric particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in the aqueous phase. PM2.5 was collected during a winter, a spring, and a summer campaign in urban and rural settings in Colorado and extracted into water. The aqueous extracts were photoirradiated using simulated sunlight, and the production rate (r•OH) and the effects of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were measured as well as the optical properties as a function of the photoaging of the extracts. r•OH was seen to have a strong seasonality with low mean values for the winter and spring extracts (4.8 and 14 fM s-1 mgC-1 L, respectively) and a higher mean value for the summer extracts (65.4 fM s-1 mgC-1 L). For the winter extracts, •OH was seen to mostly originate from nitrate photolysis while for the summer extracts, a correlation was seen between r•OH and iron concentration. The extent of photobleaching of the extracts was correlated with r•OH, and the correlation also indicated that non-•OH processes took place. Using the •OH measurements and singlet oxygen (1O2) measurements, the half-life of a selection of compounds was modeled in the atmospheric aqueous phase to be between 1.9 and 434 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Leresche
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Joseph R Salazar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - David J Pfotenhauer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Michael P Hannigan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Brian J Majestic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Fernando L Rosario-Ortiz
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Zhang R, Olomthong M, Fan YU, Wang L, Pan D, Shi Y, Ye W. Dissipation of Chlorpyrifos in Bottled Tea Beverages and the Effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1836-1843. [PMID: 34115868 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bottled tea beverages (BTB) are popular for the health benefits and convenience. Because chlorpyrifos (CP) is commonly used as a biomarker for exposure, as well as a pesticide in the field, it is important to determine the dynamics of CP dissipation in BTB to better perform risk assessments. This study focused on the dynamic behavior of CP for 22 days by fortifying bottled green tea, dark tea, and oolong tea beverages with the parent chemical and analyzing the degradation products. Photoinduction was used to generate the two transient intermediates: the reactive oxygen species from H2O2 and the triplet excited state of CP from the parent chemical in water were designed to observe the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the dissipation and transformation of CP. The results indicated that the CP degraded in BTB and the main products were detected. The half-life values of CP illustrated that EGCG increased the dissipation of CP by combination with CP and inhibited the generation of CP-oxon by scavenging the emerged oxidant, the reactive oxygen species, and interfering with the transformation of the triplet excited state of CP. This work suggests EGCG could play various roles in the dissipation and transformation of CP. Thus, a comprehensive identification of CP degradation should be performed when assessing the exposure risk in drinking BTB. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Mekky Olomthong
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Y U Fan
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Pan
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Shi
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlin Ye
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
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49
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Lewer J, Huang J, Peloquin J, Kostal J. Structure-Energetics-Property Relationships Support Computational Design of Photodegradable Pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:11713-11722. [PMID: 34428037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Development of high-performing pesticides with tunable degradation properties is vital to increasing the safety and effectiveness of tomorrow's analogs. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the excited triple state (3CDOM*) is known to play a key role in the removal of pesticides via indirect photodegradation. However, the potential of these transformations to guide the design of safer chemicals has not yet been fully realized. Here, we report a two-tier computational framework developed to probe and predict both kinetics and thermodynamics of 3CDOM*-pesticide interactions. In the first tier, robust in silico models were constructed by fitting free energies obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations to cell potentials and second-order rate constants for the 3CDOM*-pesticide electron transfer. In the second tier, Gibbs free energies and corresponding free energy barriers, determined in solution using the Marcus theory, were applied to develop a quick yet accurate screening approach based on the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) Theory. Being highly mechanistic and spanning ca. 1500 unique 3CDOM*-pesticide interactions, our approach is both robust and broadly applicable. To that end, the outcomes of our computational models were integrated into an easy-to-use decision framework that can guide structure-based design of less persistent pesticide analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lewer
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Ste 4000, Washington, District of Columbia 20052-0066, United States
| | - Jessica Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Ste 4000, Washington, District of Columbia 20052-0066, United States
| | - John Peloquin
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Ste 4000, Washington, District of Columbia 20052-0066, United States
| | - Jakub Kostal
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Ste 4000, Washington, District of Columbia 20052-0066, United States
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50
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Partanen SB, Apell JN, Lin J, McNeill K. Factors affecting the mixed-layer concentrations of singlet oxygen in sunlit lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:1130-1145. [PMID: 34231605 PMCID: PMC8372756 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00062d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The steady-state concentration of singlet oxygen within a lake ([1O2]SS) is an important parameter that can affect the environmental half-life of pollutants and environmental fate modelling. However, values of [1O2]SS are often determined for the near-surface of a lake, and these values typically do not represent the average over the epilimnia of lakes. In this work, the environmental and physical factors that have the largest impact on [1O2]SS within lake epilimnia were identified. It was found that the depth of the epilimnion has the largest impact on depth-averaged [1O2]SS, with a factor of 8.8 decrease in [1O2]SS when epilimnion depth increases from 2 m to 20 m. The next most important factors are the wavelength-dependent singlet oxygen quantum yield relationship and the latitude of the lake, causing variations in [1O2]SS by factors of 3.2 and 2.5 respectively, over ranges of representative values. For a set of representative parameters, the depth-averaged value of [1O2]SS within an average epilimnion depth of 9.0 m was found to be 5.8 × 10-16 M and the near-surface value of [1O2]SS was found to be 1.9 × 10-14 M. We recommend a range of 6 × 10-17 to 5 × 10-15 M as being more representative of [1O2]SS values within the epilimnia of lakes globally and potentially more useful for estimating pollutant lifetimes than those calculated using [1O2]SS values that correspond to near-surface, summer midday values. This work advances our understanding of [1O2]SS inter-lake variability in the environment, and provides estimates of [1O2]SS for practitioners and researchers to assess environmental half-lives of pollutants due to reaction with singlet oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B. Partanen
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jennifer N. Apell
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Civil and Urban Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering6 MetroTech CenterBrooklynNY 11201USA
| | - Jianming Lin
- Firmenich IncorporatedP.O. Box 5880PrincetonNew Jersey 08543USA
| | - Kristopher McNeill
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland
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