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Mao X, Yang Y, Yang L, Qian H, Li W, Zhao W, Deng S, Jin S, Jiang L, Liu C, Li W, Yi M, Deng R, Zhu J. Orthogonal printing of uniform nanocomposite monolayer and oriented organic semiconductor crystals for high-performance nano-crystal floating gate memory. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 668:232-242. [PMID: 38677212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Inkjet printing is of great interest in the preparation of optoelectronic and microelectronic devices due to its low cost, low process temperature, versatile material compatibility, and ability to precisely manufacture multi-layer devices on demand. However, interlayer solvent erosion is a typical problem that limits the printing of organic semiconductor devices with multi-layer structures. In this study, we proposed a solution to address this erosion problem by designing polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinyl pyridine)-grafted Au nanoparticles (Au@PS-b-P4VP NPs). With a colloidal ink containing the Au@PS-b-P4VP NPs, we obtained a uniform monolayer of Au nano-crystal floating gates (NCFGs) embedded in the PS-b-P4VP tunneling dielectric (TD) layer using direct-ink-writing (DIW). Significantly, PS-b-P4VP has high erosion resistance against the semiconductor ink solvent, which enables multi-layer printing. An active layer of semiconductor crystals with high crystallinity and well-orientation was obtained by DIW. Moreover, we developed a strategy to improve the quality of the TD/semiconductor interface by introducing a polystyrene intermediate layer. We show that the NCFG memory devices exhibit a low threshold voltage (<3 V), large memory window (66 V), stable endurance (>100 cycles), and long-term retention (>10 years). This study provides universal guidance for printing functional coatings and multi-layer devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Mao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), and State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yonghao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lisong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockholm Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Haowen Qian
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wang Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), and State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), and State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shaohong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), and State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liangzhu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), and State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Changxu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), and State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mingdong Yi
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Renhua Deng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), and State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), and State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
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2
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Li M, Liu M, Qi F, Lin FR, Jen AKY. Self-Assembled Monolayers for Interfacial Engineering in Solution-Processed Thin-Film Electronic Devices: Design, Fabrication, and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2138-2204. [PMID: 38421811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Interfacial engineering has long been a vital means of improving thin-film device performance, especially for organic electronics, perovskites, and hybrid devices. It greatly facilitates the fabrication and performance of solution-processed thin-film devices, including organic field effect transistors (OFETs), organic solar cells (OSCs), perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, due to the limitation of traditional interfacial materials, further progress of these thin-film devices is hampered particularly in terms of stability, flexibility, and sensitivity. The deadlock has gradually been broken through the development of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), which possess distinct benefits in transparency, diversity, stability, sensitivity, selectivity, and surface passivation ability. In this review, we first showed the evolution of SAMs, elucidating their working mechanisms and structure-property relationships by assessing a wide range of SAM materials reported to date. A comprehensive comparison of various SAM growth, fabrication, and characterization methods was presented to help readers interested in applying SAM to their works. Moreover, the recent progress of the SAM design and applications in mainstream thin-film electronic devices, including OFETs, OSCs, PVSCs and OLEDs, was summarized. Finally, an outlook and prospects section summarizes the major challenges for the further development of SAMs used in thin-film devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Francis R Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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3
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Park H, Choi H, Kim J, Yoo S, Mun HJ, Shin TJ, Won JC, Kim HY, Kim YH. Density Functional Theory-Based Approach For Dielectric Constant Estimation of Soluble Polyimide Insulators. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38422507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Evaluation of the insulating properties of polymers, such as the dielectric constant and dissipation factor, is crucial in electronic devices, including field-effect transistors and wireless communication applications. This study applies density functional theory (DFT) to predict the dielectric constant of soluble polyimides (SPIs). Various SPIs containing trifluoromethyl groups in the backbone with different pendant types, numbers, and symmetries are successfully synthesized, and their dielectric constants are evaluated and compared with the DFT-estimated values. Two types of DFT-optimized SPIs, single-chain and stacked-chain models, are used to describe the local geometries of the SPIs. In addition, to reveal the relationship between the molecular structure and dielectric constant, further investigations are conducted by considering the dielectric constant of composing ionic and electronic components. The DFT-estimated static dielectric constant of the single-chain model accurately reproduces the corresponding experimental value with at least 80% accuracy. Our approach provides a rational and accelerated strategy to evaluate polymer insulators for electronic devices based on cost-effective DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Park
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseok Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmi Yoo
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Mun
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Chan Won
- Advanced Functional Polymers Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- KRICT School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun You Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Ho Kim
- Advanced Functional Polymers Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- KRICT School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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4
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Perinot A, Scuratti F, Scaccabarozzi AD, Tran K, Salazar-Rios JM, Loi MA, Salvatore G, Fabiano S, Caironi M. Solution-Processed Polymer Dielectric Interlayer for Low-Voltage, Unipolar n-Type Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:56095-56105. [PMID: 37990398 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The integration of organic electronic circuits into real-life applications compels the fulfillment of a range of requirements, among which the ideal operation at a low voltage with reduced power consumption is paramount. Moreover, these performance factors should be achieved via solution-based fabrication schemes in order to comply with the promise of cost- and energy-efficient manufacturing offered by an organic, printed electronic technology. Here, we propose a solution-based route for the fabrication of low-voltage organic transistors, encompassing ideal device operation at voltages below 5 V and exhibiting n-type unipolarization. This process is widely applicable to a variety of semiconducting and dielectric materials. We achieved this through the use of a photo-cross-linked, low-k dielectric interlayer, which is used to fabricate multilayer dielectric stacks with areal capacitances of up to 40 nF/cm2 and leakage currents below 1 nA/cm2. Because of the chosen azide-based cross-linker, the dielectric promotes n-type unipolarization of the transistors and demonstrated to be compatible with different classes of semiconductors, from conjugated polymers to carbon nanotubes and low-temperature metal oxides. Our results demonstrate a general applicability of our unipolarizing dielectric, facilitating the implementation of complementary circuitry of emerging technologies with reduced power consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perinot
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Scuratti
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto D Scaccabarozzi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Karolina Tran
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Mario Salazar-Rios
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155─Alfa Building, 30172 Mestre Venice, Italy
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60 174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milan, Italy
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5
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Can A, Deneme I, Demirel G, Usta H. Solution-Processable Indenofluorenes on Polymer Brush Interlayer: Remarkable N-Channel Field-Effect Transistor Characteristics under Ambient Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41666-41679. [PMID: 37582254 PMCID: PMC10485804 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of solution-processable n-type molecular semiconductors that exhibit high electron mobility (μe ≥ 0.5 cm2/(V·s)) under ambient conditions, along with high current modulation (Ion/Ioff ≥ 106-107) and near-zero turn on voltage (Von) characteristics, has lagged behind that of other semiconductors in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Here, we report the design, synthesis, physicochemical and optoelectronic characterizations, and OFET performances of a library of solution-processable, low-LUMO (-4.20 eV) 2,2'-(2,8-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-6,12-diylidene)dimalononitrile small molecules, β,β'-Cn-TIFDMTs, having varied alkyl chain lengths (n = 8, 12, 16). An intriguing correlation is identified between the solid-isotropic liquid transition enthalpies and the solubilities, indicating that cohesive energetics, which are tuned by alkyl chains, play a pivotal role in determining solubility. The semiconductors were spin-coated under ambient conditions on densely packed (grafting densities of 0.19-0.45 chains/nm2) ultrathin (∼3.6-6.6 nm) polystyrene-brush surfaces. It is demonstrated that, on this polymer interlayer, thermally induced dispersive interactions occurring over a large number of methylene units between flexible alkyl chains (i.e., zipper effect) are critical to achieve a favorable thin-film crystallization with a proper microstructure and morphology for efficient charge transport. While C8 and C16 chains show a minimal zipper effect upon thermal annealing, C12 chains undergo an extended interdigitation involving ∼6 methylene units. This results in the formation of large crystallites having lamellar stacking ((100) coherence length ∼30 nm) in the out-of-plane direction and highly favorable in-plane π-interactions in a slipped-stacked arrangement. Uninterrupted microstructural integrity (i.e., no face-on (010)-oriented crystallites) was found to be critical to achieving high mobilities. The excellent crystallinity of the C12-substituted semiconductor thin film was also evident in the observed crystal lattice vibrations (phonons) at 58 cm-1 in low-frequency Raman scattering. Two-dimensional micrometer-sized (∼1-3 μm), sharp-edged plate-like grains lying parallel with the substrate plane were observed. OFETs fabricated by the current small molecules showed excellent n-channel behavior in ambient with μe values reaching ∼0.9 cm2/(V·s), Ion/Ioff ∼ 107-108, and Von ≈ 0 V. Our study not only demonstrates one of the highest performing n-channel OFET devices reported under ambient conditions via solution processing but also elucidates significant relationships among chemical structures, molecular properties, self-assembly from solution into a thin film, and semiconducting thin-film properties. The design rationales presented herein may open up new avenues for the development of high-electron-mobility novel electron-deficient indenofluorene and short-axis substituted donor-acceptor π-architectures via alkyl chain engineering and interface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Can
- Department
of Nanotechnology Engineering, Abdullah
Gül University, 38080 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Deneme
- Department
of Nanotechnology Engineering, Abdullah
Gül University, 38080 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Demirel
- Bio-inspired
Materials Research Laboratory (BIMREL), Department of Chemistry, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Usta
- Department
of Nanotechnology Engineering, Abdullah
Gül University, 38080 Kayseri, Turkey
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6
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Kim Y, Lee D, Nguyen KV, Lee JH, Lee WH. Optimization of Gas-Sensing Properties in Poly(triarylamine) Field-Effect Transistors by Device and Interface Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3463. [PMID: 37631519 PMCID: PMC10459528 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the gas-sensing mechanism in bottom-gate organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) using poly(triarylamine) (PTAA). A comparison of different device architectures revealed that the top-contact structure exhibited superior gas-sensing performance in terms of field-effect mobility and sensitivity. The thickness of the active layer played a critical role in enhancing these parameters in the top-contact structure. Moreover, the distance and pathway for charge carriers to reach the active channel were found to significantly influence the gas response. Additionally, the surface treatment of the SiO2 dielectric with hydrophobic self-assembled mono-layers led to further improvement in the performance of the OFETs and gas sensors by effectively passivating the silanol groups. Under optimal conditions, our PTAA-based gas sensors achieved an exceptionally high response (>200%/ppm) towards NO2. These findings highlight the importance of device and interface engineering for optimizing gas-sensing properties in amorphous polymer semiconductors, offering valuable insights for the design of advanced gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngnan Kim
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggeun Lee
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ky Van Nguyen
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Wi Hyoung Lee
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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7
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Ye H, Ryu KY, Kwon HJ, Lee H, Wang R, Hong J, Choi HH, Nam SY, Lee J, Kong H, Kim SH. Amorphous Fluorinated Acrylate Polymer Dielectrics for Flexible Transistors and Logic Gates with High Operational Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37376772 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated amorphous polymeric gate-insulating materials for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) not only form hydrophobic surfaces but also significantly reduce traps at the interface between the organic semiconductor and gate insulator. Therefore, these polymeric materials can enhance the OTFT's operation stability. In this study, we synthesized a new polymeric insulating material series composed of acrylate and fluorinated functional groups (with different ratios) named MBHCa-F and used them as gate insulators for OTFTs and in other applications. The insulating features of the MBHCa-F polymers, including surface energy, surface atomic content properties, dielectric constant, and leakage current, were clearly analyzed with respect to the content of the fluorinated functional groups. At higher fluorine-based functional group content, the polymeric series exhibited higher fluorine-based contents at the surface and superior electrical properties, such as field-effect mobility and driving stability, at OTFTs. Therefore, we believe that this study provides a substantial method for synthesizing polymeric insulating materials to enhance the operational stability and electrical performance of OTFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqing Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Ka Yeon Ryu
- Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Techonology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Nature Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok-Jin Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Hyunji Lee
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
| | - Rixuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Jisu Hong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hyun Ho Choi
- Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Techonology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yong Nam
- Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Techonology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyoul Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Nature Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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8
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Yin F, De J, Liu M, Huang H, Geng H, Yao J, Liao Q, Fu H. High-Performance Organic Laser Semiconductor Enabling Efficient Light-Emitting Transistors and Low-Threshold Microcavity Lasers. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5803-5809. [PMID: 35848711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An organic light-emitting transistor (OLET) is a candidate device architecture for developing electrically pumped organic solid-state lasers, but it remains a critical challenge because of the lack of organic semiconductors that simultaneously possess a high solid-state emission efficiency (Φs), a high and balanced ambipolar mobility (μh,e), and a large stimulated emission cross-section. Here, we designed a molecule of 4,4'-bis(2-dibenzothiophenyl-vinyl)-biphenyl (DBTVB) and prepared its ultrathin single-crystal microplates with herringbone packing arrangements, which achieve balanced mobilities of μh = 3.55 ± 0.5 and μe = 2.37 ± 0.5 cm2 V-1 s-1, a high Φs of 85 ± 3%, and striking low-threshold laser characteristics. Theoretical and experimental investigations reveal that a strong electronic coupling and a small reorganization energy ensure efficient charge transport; meanwhile, the exciton-vibration effect and negligible π-π orbital overlap give rise to highly emissive H-aggregates and facilitate laser emission. Furthermore, OLET-based DBTVB crystals offer an internal quantum efficiency approaching 100% and a record-high electroluminescence external quantum efficiency of 4.03%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo De
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Meihui Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Han Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Hua Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Qing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
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9
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Liu D, Wu X, Gao C, Li C, Zheng Y, Li Y, Xie Z, Ji D, Liu X, Zhang X, Li L, Peng Q, Hu W, Dong H. Integrating Unexpected High Charge-Carrier Mobility and Low-Threshold Lasing Action in an Organic Semiconductor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200791. [PMID: 35298062 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Integrating high charge-carrier mobility and low-threshold lasing action in an organic semiconductor is crucial for the realization of an electrically pumped laser, but remains a great challenge. Herein, we present an organic semiconductor, named as 2,7-di(2-naphthyl)-9H-fluorene (LD-2), which shows an unexpected high charge-carrier mobility of 2.7 cm2 V-1 s-1 and low-threshold lasing characteristic of 9.43 μJ cm-2 and 9.93 μJ cm-2 and high-quality factor (Q) of 2131 and 1684 at emission peaks of 420 and 443 nm, respectively. Detailed theoretical calculations and photophysical data analysis demonstrate that a large intermolecular transfer integral of 10.36-45.16 meV together with a fast radiative transition rate of 8.0×108 s-1 are responsible for the achievement of the superior integrated optoelectronic properties in the LD-2 crystal. These optoelectronic performances of LD-2 are among the highest reported low-threshold lasing organic semiconductors with efficient charge transport, suggesting its promise for research of electrically pumped organic lasers (EPOLs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianxin Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Can Gao
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chenguang Li
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yingshuang Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yang Li
- Normal College, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Ziyi Xie
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Deyang Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qian Peng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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10
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Abstract
Ambipolar transistor properties have been observed in various small-molecule materials. Since a small energy gap is necessary, many types of molecular designs including extended π-skeletons as well as the incorporation of donor and acceptor units have been attempted. In addition to the energy levels, an inert passivation layer is important to observe ambipolar transistor properties. Ambipolar transport has been observed in extraordinary π-electron systems such as antiaromatic compounds, biradicals, radicals, metal complexes, and hydrogen-bonded materials. Several donor/acceptor cocrystals show ambipolar transport as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Higashino
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Mori
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, 152-8552, Japan.
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11
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Wang Z, Chen X, Yu L, Guo S, Hu Y, Huang Y, Wang S, Qi J, Han C, Ma X, Zhang X, Dong H, Chen W, Li L, Hu W. Polymer Electrolyte Dielectrics Enable Efficient Exciton-Polaron Quenching in Organic Semiconductors for Photostable Organic Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:13584-13592. [PMID: 35286804 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The photoelectric response of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) will cause severe photoelectric interference, which hinders the applications of OFETs in the light environment. It is highly challenging to relieve this problem because of the high photosensitivity of most organic semiconductors. Here, we propose an efficient "exciton-polaron quenching" strategy to suppress the photoelectric response and thus construct highly photostable OFETs by utilizing a polymer electrolyte dielectric─poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). This dielectric produces high-density polarons in organic semiconductors under a gate electric field that quench the photogenerated excitons with high efficiency (∼70%). As a result, the OFETs with PAA dielectric exhibit unprecedented photostability against strong light irradiation up to 214 mW/cm2, which far surpasses the reported values and solar irradiance value (∼138 mW/cm2). The strategy shows high universality in OFETs with different OSCs and electrolytes. As a demonstration, the photostable OFET can stably drive an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) under light irradiation. This work presents an efficient exciton modulation strategy in OSC and proves a high potential in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Li Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shujing Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yongxu Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yinan Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiannan Qi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Cheng Han
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Liqiang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
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12
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Liu D, Wu X, Gao C, Li C, Zheng Y, Li Y, Xie Z, Ji D, Liu X, Zhang X, Li L, Peng Q, Hu W, Dong H. Integrating unexpected high charge‐carrier mobility and low‐threshold lasing action in an organic semiconductor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key laboratory of organic solids CHINA
| | - Xianxin Wu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CHINA
| | - Can Gao
- Institute of Chemistry CAS: Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids CHINA
| | - Chenguang Li
- Henan University Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering ,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications CHINA
| | - yingshuang Zheng
- tian jin da xue: Tianjin University Tian jin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Department of Chemistry, Insititue of Molecular Aggregation Science CHINA
| | - Yang Li
- Shenyang University Normal College CHINA
| | - Ziyi Xie
- Institute of Chemistry CAS: Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids CHINA
| | - Deyang Ji
- Tianjin University Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectrinic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Sciencs CHINA
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechlolgy CHINA
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin University Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry,Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science CHINA
| | - Liqiang Li
- Tianjin University Tianjin Key Laboratory of Mecular Optoelectronic Sciences,Deportment of Chemistry, Institute of Melecular Aggregation Science CHINA
| | - Qian Peng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Computer and Control Engineering: University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Computer Science and Technology School of Chemical Science CHINA
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin University Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University &Collaborative Innovation Center od Chemical Science and Enginering CHINA
| | - Huanli Dong
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key laboratory of organic solids zhongguancun 100190 Beijing CHINA
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13
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Li M, Lv A. Recent Progress in Ambipolar Organic Field-Effect Transistors Based on Organic Semiconductor Bilayer. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202107016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Yu B, Ha Y. Organic–inorganic hybrid gate dielectric using bifunctional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane for low‐voltage organic thin‐film transistors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byungseok Yu
- Department of Chemistry Kyonggi University Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Young‐Geun Ha
- Department of Chemistry Kyonggi University Suwon Republic of Korea
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15
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Zhang Q, Barrett B, Lee T, Mukhopadhyaya T, Lu C, Plunkett EC, Kale T, Chi C, Livi KJT, McGuiggan P, Reich DH, Thon S, Bragg AE, Katz HE. Maximized Hole Trapping in a Polystyrene Transistor Dielectric from a Highly Branched Iminobis(aminoarene) Side Chain. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34584-34596. [PMID: 34254769 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized highly branched and electron-donating side chain subunits and attached them to polystyrene (PS) used as a dielectric layer in a pentacene field-effect transistor. The influence of these groups on dielectric function, charge retention, and threshold voltage shifts (ΔVth) depending on their positions in dielectric multilayers was determined. We compared the observations made on an N-perphenylated iminobisaniline side chain with those from the same side chains modified with ZnO nanoparticles and with an adduct formed from tetracyanoethylene (TCNE). We also synthesized an analogue in which six methoxy groups are present instead of two amine nitrogens. At 6 mol % side chain, hopping transport was sufficient to cause shorting of the gate, while at 2 mol %, charge trapping was observable as transistor threshold voltage shifts (ΔVth). We created three types of devices: with the substituted PS layer as single-layer dielectric, on top of a cross-linked PS layer but in contact with the pentacene (bilayers), and sandwiched between two PS layers in trilayers. Especially large bias stress effects and ΔVth, larger than those in the case of the hexamethoxy and previously studied dimethoxy analogues, were observed in the second case, and the effects increased with the increasing electron-donating properties of the modified side chains. The highest ΔVth was consistent with a majority of the side chains stabilizing the trapped charge. Trilayer devices showed decreased charge storage capability compared to previous work in which we used less donating side chains but in higher concentrations. The ZnO and TCNE modifications resulted in slightly more and less negative ΔVth, respectively, when the side chain polystyrene was not in contact with the pentacene and isolated from the gate electrode. The results indicate a likely maximum combination of molecular charge stabilizing activity and side chain concentration that still allows gate dielectric function.
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16
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Zhang F, Zhang Q, Liu X, Hu Y, Lou Z, Hou Y, Teng F. Property Modulation of Two-Dimensional Lead-Free Perovskite Thin Films by Aromatic Polymer Additives for Performance Enhancement of Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24272-24284. [PMID: 33983724 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The inevitable oxidation of Sn2+ and p-type self-doping has plagued the development of two-dimensional (2D) Sn-based perovskite field effect transistors. In this work, we demonstrate the modulation of the properties of phenethylammonium tin iodide ((PEA)2SnI4) perovskite thin films by introducing the aromatic polymer additives of poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVPD) during the crystallization processes, keeping the 2D layered structure of (PEA)2SnI4 unchanged. The proposed formation mechanisms of the polymer-assisted (PEA)2SnI4:PVP and (PEA)2SnI4:PVPD films disclose that the interactions between the polymers and (PEA)2SnI4, such as hydrogen bonds, π-π interactions, and coordination bonds, lead to the improvement of the morphology and crystallization as well as the inhibition of Sn2+ oxidation of the films. However, the field-effect transistors based on the two polymer-assisted (PEA)2SnI4 thin films constructed on the dielectric of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) modified by crosslinking PVP (CL-PVP) exhibit quite a different performance. Compared with the (PEA)2SnI4 transistor, without sacrificing the hole mobility, the on-off current ratio of the (PEA)2SnI4:PVP device increases by one order of magnitude, and the subthreshold slope declines slightly due to the reduced leakage current, which results from the reduction of p-type self-doping of the perovskite film and the improved quality of the perovskite/dielectric interface because of the strong π-π interactions between the benzene rings in CL-PVP and (PEA)2SnI4:PVP. In contrast, the (PEA)2SnI4:PVPD transistor exhibits relatively poor overall performance because of the N-vinylpyrrolidone of PVPD. More importantly, employing PVP and PVPD as additives can effectively enhance the chemical stability of (PEA)2SnI4 as well as the operational stabilities of the corresponding transistors. Our work provides an effective strategy for selecting chemical additives to improve 2D perovskite properties and suppress the oxidation of Sn-based perovskites, and paves a way toward the future applications of Sn-based perovskite optoelectronic devices with high performance and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhidong Lou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yanbing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Feng Teng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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17
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Song Y, Ha Y. One‐Step Fabricated and Solution‐Processed Hybrid Gate Dielectrics for Low‐Voltage Organic Thin‐Film Transistors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Song
- Department of Chemistry Kyonggi University Suwon Gyeonggi‐Do 443‐760 Republic of Korea
| | - Young‐Geun Ha
- Department of Chemistry Kyonggi University Suwon Gyeonggi‐Do 443‐760 Republic of Korea
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18
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Shi Y, Zheng Y, Wang J, Zhao R, Wang T, Zhao C, Chang KC, Meng H, Wang X. Hysteresis-Free, High-Performance Polymer-Dielectric Organic Field-Effect Transistors Enabled by Supercritical Fluid. RESEARCH 2020; 2020:6587102. [PMID: 33015635 PMCID: PMC7510345 DOI: 10.34133/2020/6587102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are of the core units in organic electronic circuits, and the performance of OFETs replies critically on the properties of their dielectric layers. Owing to the intrinsic flexibility and natural compatibility with other organic components, organic polymers, such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), have emerged as highly interesting dielectric materials for OFETs. However, unsatisfactory issues, such as hysteresis, high subthreshold swing, and low effective carrier mobility, still considerably limit the practical applications of the polymer-dielectric OFETs for high-speed, low-voltage flexible organic circuits. This work develops a new approach of using supercritical CO2 fluid (SCCO2) treatment on PVA dielectrics to achieve remarkably high-performance polymer-dielectric OFETs. The SCCO2 treatment is able to completely eliminate the hysteresis in the transfer characteristics of OFETs, and it can also significantly reduce the device subthreshold slope to 0.25 V/dec and enhance the saturation regime carrier mobility to 30.2 cm2 V−1 s−1, of which both the numbers are remarkable for flexible polymer-dielectric OFETs. It is further demonstrated that, coupling with an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), the SCCO2-treated OFET is able to function very well under fast switching speed, which indicates that an excellent switching behavior of polymer-dielectric OFETs can be enabled by this SCCO2 approach. Considering the broad and essential applications of OFETs, we envision that this SCCO2 technology will have a very broad spectrum of applications for organic electronics, especially for high refresh rate and low-voltage flexible display devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Shi
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yingkai Zheng
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Changbin Zhao
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kuan-Chang Chang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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19
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Sinclair GS, Kukor AJ, Imperial KKG, Schipper DJ. Transition-Metal-Free ipso-Arylative Condensation. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey S. Sinclair
- Institute for Polymer Research and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Andrew J. Kukor
- Institute for Polymer Research and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Kevin Karl G. Imperial
- Institute for Polymer Research and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Derek J. Schipper
- Institute for Polymer Research and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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20
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Kwon HJ, Tang X, Shin S, Hong J, Jeong W, Jo Y, An TK, Lee J, Kim SH. Facile Photo-cross-linking System for Polymeric Gate Dielectric Materials toward Solution-Processed Organic Field-Effect Transistors: Role of a Cross-linker in Various Polymer Types. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:30600-30615. [PMID: 32527080 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Energy-efficient solution-processed organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are highly sought after in the low-cost printing industry as well as for the manufacture of flexible and other next-generation devices. The fabrication of such electronic devices requires high-functioning insulating materials that are chemically and mechanically robust to avoid lowering insulating properties during the device fabrication process or utilization of devices. In this study, we report a facile, fluorinated, UV-assisted cross-linker series using a fluorophenyl azide (FPA), which reacts with the C-H groups of a conventional polymer. This demonstrates the application of the cross-linked films in OFET gate dielectrics. The effects of the cross-linkable chemical structure of the FPA series on the cross-linking chemistry, photopatternability, and dielectric properties of the resulting films are investigated for low/high-k or amorphous/crystalline polymeric gate dielectric materials. The characteristics of insulating layers and behavior of OFETs containing these cross-linked gate dielectrics (for example, leakage current density (J), hysteresis, and charge trap density) depend on the polymer type. Furthermore, an organic-based complementary inverter and various printable OFETs with excellent electrical characteristics are successfully fabricated. Thus, these reported cross-linkers that enable the solution process and patterning of well-developed conventional polymer dielectric materials are promising for the realization of a more sustainable next-generation industrial technology for flexible and printable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeok-Jin Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaowu Tang
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjun Shin
- Department of IT Energy Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonkyo Jeong
- Department of IT Energy Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Jo
- Department of IT Energy Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyu An
- Department of IT Energy Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Lee
- Department of IT Energy Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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21
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Chen H, Zhang W, Li M, He G, Guo X. Interface Engineering in Organic Field-Effect Transistors: Principles, Applications, and Perspectives. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2879-2949. [PMID: 32078296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous interfaces that are ubiquitous in optoelectronic devices play a key role in the device performance and have led to the prosperity of today's microelectronics. Interface engineering provides an effective and promising approach to enhancing the device performance of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and even developing new functions. In fact, researchers from different disciplines have devoted considerable attention to this concept, which has started to evolve from simple improvement of the device performance to sophisticated construction of novel functionalities, indicating great potential for further applications in broad areas ranging from integrated circuits and energy conversion to catalysis and chemical/biological sensors. In this review article, we provide a timely and comprehensive overview of current efficient approaches developed for building various delicate functional interfaces in OFETs, including interfaces within the semiconductor layers, semiconductor/electrode interfaces, semiconductor/dielectric interfaces, and semiconductor/environment interfaces. We also highlight the major contributions and new concepts of integrating molecular functionalities into electrical circuits, which have been neglected in most previous reviews. This review will provide a fundamental understanding of the interplay between the molecular structure, assembly, and emergent functions at the molecular level and consequently offer novel insights into designing a new generation of multifunctional integrated circuits and sensors toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Weining Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Mingliang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Gen He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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22
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Jeong SI, Lee EJ, Hong GR, Jo Y, Jung SM, Lee SY, Choi Y, Jeong S. Three-Dimensional Multistack-Printed, Self-Powered Flexible Pressure Sensor Arrays: Piezoelectric Composites with Chemically Anchored Heterogeneous Interfaces. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1956-1965. [PMID: 32039332 PMCID: PMC7003512 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the development of pressure sensor devices composed of mechanically flexible materials has gained a tremendous attention for emerging wearable electronics applications. Compared with various sensing materials, piezoelectric composite materials provide a characteristic advantage of enabling energy unit-free integration of sensor compartments. In this study, we develop a new chemical method of synthesizing highly functioning piezoelectric composite materials with electrostatically reinforced heterogeneous interfaces to improve the voltage output signal in all-printed sensor arrays. The surfaces of piezoelectric oxide nanoparticles are decorated subsequently with a cationic polyelectrolyte, polyethyleneimine, and a tri-block copolymer, styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene grafted with maleic anhydride. To elucidate the factors determining the performance of pressure sensor devices, both the electrical properties and piezoelectric characteristics are investigated comprehensively for various compositional composite materials prepared from chemical and physical rubbers. The resulting device exhibits a sensitivity of 0.28 V·kPa-1 with a linear increment of output voltage in a pressure range up to 30 kPa. It is also demonstrated that the all-printed sensor array is fabricated successfully by a multistack-printing process of conductive, insulating, and piezoelectric composite materials in an additive manufacturing fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-In Jeong
- Division
of Thin Film Materials, Korea Research Institute
of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Division
of Thin Film Materials, Korea Research Institute
of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Gyu Ri Hong
- Technology
Center, Magnachip Semiconductor, 215 Daesin-ro,
Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28429, Korea
| | - Yejin Jo
- Division
of Thin Film Materials, Korea Research Institute
of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea
- Department
of Chemical Convergence Materials, Korea
University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sung Mook Jung
- Division
of Thin Film Materials, Korea Research Institute
of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Su Yeon Lee
- Division
of Thin Film Materials, Korea Research Institute
of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea
- E-mail: (S.Y.L.)
| | - Youngmin Choi
- Division
of Thin Film Materials, Korea Research Institute
of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea
- Department
of Chemical Convergence Materials, Korea
University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- E-mail: (Y.C.)
| | - Sunho Jeong
- Department
of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea
- E-mail: (S.J.)
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23
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Demirel G, Gieseking RLM, Ozdemir R, Kahmann S, Loi MA, Schatz GC, Facchetti A, Usta H. Molecular engineering of organic semiconductors enables noble metal-comparable SERS enhancement and sensitivity. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5502. [PMID: 31796731 PMCID: PMC6890673 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured molecular semiconductor films are promising Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) platforms for both fundamental and technological research. Here, we report that a nanostructured film of the small molecule DFP-4T, consisting of a fully π-conjugated diperfluorophenyl-substituted quaterthiophene structure, demonstrates a very large Raman enhancement factor (>105) and a low limit of detection (10-9 M) for the methylene blue probe molecule. This data is comparable to those reported for the best inorganic semiconductor- and even intrinsic plasmonic metal-based SERS platforms. Photoluminescence spectroscopy and computational analysis suggest that both charge-transfer energy and effective molecular interactions, leading to a small but non-zero oscillator strength in the charge-transfer state between the organic semiconductor film and the analyte molecule, are required to achieve large SERS enhancement factors and high molecular sensitivities in these systems. Our results provide not only a considerable experimental advancement in organic SERS figure-of-merits but also a guidance for the molecular design of more sensitive SERS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Demirel
- Bio-inspired Materials Research Laboratory (BIMREL), Department of Chemistry, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Rebecca L M Gieseking
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-3113, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Resul Ozdemir
- Bio-inspired Materials Research Laboratory (BIMREL), Department of Chemistry, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, 38080, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Simon Kahmann
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria A Loi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-3113, USA.
- Flexterra Inc., 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, IL, 60077, USA.
| | - Hakan Usta
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, 38080, Kayseri, Turkey.
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24
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Xue Z, Chen S, Gao N, Xue Y, Lu B, Watson OA, Zang L, Xu J. Structural Design and Applications of Stereoregular Fused Thiophenes and Their Oligomers and Polymers. POLYM REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2019.1673404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zexu Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Baoyang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olivia Anielle Watson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ling Zang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jingkun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
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25
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Eguchi K, Matsushita MM, Awaga K. Ionic liquid thin layer-induced memory effects in organic field-effect transistors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18823-18829. [PMID: 31168557 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01647c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We examined the morphologies and structures of pentacene and C60 thin films grown on thin layers of an ionic liquid, N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (DEME-TFSI), and found that the characteristics of the films depended significantly on the thickness of DEME-TFSI. In addition, we fabricated organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) of pentacene and C60 in which a thin layer of DEME-TFSI was inserted between the organic semiconductor (pentacene or C60) and the gate insulating layer, and measured their performance in situ. We found that 1.5-2 ML (ML: monolayer) DEME-TFSI produced a large hysteresis loop in the transfer characteristics in these OFETs, but 5 ML DEME-TFSI resulted in the formation of normally-on states with far smaller memory effects. The curvatures of the hysteresis loops were caused by the formation of trap states induced by the DEME-TFSI layers. This novel technique provides a simple tool for creating hysteresis behavior and could potentially be applied to transistor memory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya Univeristy, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8602 Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Michio M Matsushita
- Department of Chemistry and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya Univeristy, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8602 Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Kunio Awaga
- Department of Chemistry and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya Univeristy, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8602 Nagoya, Japan.
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26
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Zhu H, Liu A, Luque HL, Sun H, Ji D, Noh YY. Perovskite and Conjugated Polymer Wrapped Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Films for High-Performance Transistors and Phototransistors. ACS NANO 2019; 13:3971-3981. [PMID: 30844243 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although organic-inorganic halide perovskites continue to generate considerable interest due to great potentials for various optoelectronic devices, there are some critical obstacles to practical applications, including lead toxicity, relatively low field-effect mobility, and strong hysteresis during operation. This paper proposes a universal approach to significantly improve mobility and operational stability with reduced dual-sweep hysteresis for perovskite-based thin film transistors (TFTs) by coupling low-dimensional lead-free perovskite material (C6H5C2H4NH3)2SnI4 (hereafter abbreviated as (PEA)2SnI4) with embedded conjugated polymer wrapped semiconducting carbon nanotubes (semi-CNTs). In (PEA)2SnI4/semi-CNT hybrid TFTs, semi-CNTs can provide highway-like transport paths, enabling smoother carrier transport with less trapping and scattering. We also demonstrate the performance of (PEA)2SnI4/semi-CNT hybrid phototransistors with ultrahigh photoresponsivity ( R) of 6.3 × 104 A/W and detectivity ( D*) of 1.12 × 1017 Jones, which is about 2 or 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the best devices available to date. The results indicate promising potentials for solution-processed perovskite/semi-CNT hybrid platforms, and the developed strategy can be applied for high-performance perovskite nanomaterial optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering , Dongguk University , 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu , Seoul 04620 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ao Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering , Dongguk University , 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu , Seoul 04620 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hector Lopez Luque
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering , Dongguk University , 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu , Seoul 04620 , Republic of Korea
| | - Huabin Sun
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering , Dongguk University , 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu , Seoul 04620 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dongseob Ji
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering , Dongguk University , 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu , Seoul 04620 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
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27
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Rockson TK, Baek S, Jang H, Choi G, Oh S, Kim J, Cho H, Kim SH, Lee HS. Engineering Asymmetric Charge Injection/Extraction to Optimize Organic Transistor Performances. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:10108-10117. [PMID: 30784260 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of an appropriate functionality on the electrode/active layer interface has been found to be an efficient methodology to enhance the electrical performances of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Herein, we efficiently optimized the charge injection/extraction characteristics of source/drain (S/D) electrodes by applying an asymmetric functionalization at each individual electrode/organic semiconductor (OSC) interface. To further clarify the functionalizing effects of the electrode/OSC interface, we systematically designed five different OFETs: one with pristine S/D electrodes (denoted as pristine S/D) and the remaining ones made by symmetrically or asymmetrically functionalizing the S/D electrodes with up to two different self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) based on thiolated molecules, the strongly electron-donating thiophenol (TP) and electron-withdrawing 2,3,4,5-pentafluorobenzenethiol (PFBT). Both the S and D electrodes were functionalized with TP (denoted as TP-S/D) in one of the two symmetric cases and with PFBT in the other (PFBT-S/D). In each of the two asymmetric cases, one of the S/D electrodes was functionalized with TP and the other with PFBT (to produce PFBT-S/TP-D and TP-S/PFBT-D OFETs). The vapor-deposited p-type dinaphtho[2,3- b:2',3'- f]thieno[3,2- b]thiophene was used as the OSC active layer. The PFBT-S/TP-D case exhibited a field-effect mobility (μFET) of 0.86 ± 0.23 cm2 V-1 s-1, about three times better than that of the pristine S/D case (0.31 ± 0.12 cm2 V-1 s-1). On the other hand, the μFET of the TP-S/PFBT-D case (0.18 ± 0.10 cm2 V-1 s-1) was significantly lower than that of the pristine case and even lower than those of the TP-S/D (0.23 ± 0.07 cm2 V-1 s-1) and PFBT-S/D (0.58 ± 0.19 cm2 V-1 s-1) cases. These results were clearly correlated with the additional hole density, surface potential, and effective work function. In addition, the contact resistance ( RC) for the asymmetric PFBT-S/TP-D case was 10-fold less than that for the TP-S/PFBT-D case and more than five times lower than that for the pristine case. The results contribute a meaningful step forward in improving the electrical performances of various organic electronics such as OFETs, inverters, solar cells, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonnah Kwesi Rockson
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seolhee Baek
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeong Jang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Republic of Korea
| | - Giheon Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seungtaek Oh
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehan Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Cho
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Sung Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Republic of Korea
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28
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Study on Correlation between Structural and Electronic Properties of Fluorinated Oligothiophenes Transistors by Controlling Film Thickness. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
α,ω-diperfluorohexylquaterthiophene (DFH-4T) has been an attractive n-type material employed in the development of high-mobility organic field-effect transistors. This paper presents a systematic study of the relationship between DFH-4T transistor performance and film structure properties as controlled by deposited thickness. When the DFH-4T thickness increases from 8 nm to 80 nm, the room-temperature field-effect mobility increases monotonically from 0.01 to 1 cm2·V−1·s−1, while the threshold voltage shows a different trend of first decrease then increase. The morphology of thin films revealed by atomic force microscopy shows a dramatic change from multilayered terrace to stacked rod like structures as the film thickness is increased. Yet the crystallite structure and the orientation of molecular constituent, as determined by X-ray diffraction and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure respectively, do not differ much with respect to film thickness increase. Further analyses of low-temperature transport measurements with mobility-edge model demonstrate that the electronic states of DFH-4T transistors are mainly determined by the film continuity and crystallinity of the bottom multilayered terrace. Moreover, the capacitance-voltage measurements of DFH-4T metal-insulator-semiconductor diodes demonstrate a morphological dependence of charge injection from top contacts, which well explains the variation of threshold voltage with thickness. The overall study provides a deeper understanding of microstructural and molecular growth of DFH-4T film and clarify the structural effects on charge transport and injection for implementation of high-mobility top-contact transistors.
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29
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Leonardi F, Tamayo A, Casalini S, Mas-Torrent M. Modification of the gate electrode by self-assembled monolayers in flexible electrolyte-gated organic field effect transistors: work function vs. capacitance effects. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27509-27515. [PMID: 30713682 PMCID: PMC6333246 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05300f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the physics behind the operational mechanism of Electrolyte-Gated Organic Field-Effect Transistors (EGOFETs) is of paramount importance for the correct interpretation of the device response. Here, we report the systematic functionalization of the gate electrode of an EGOFET with self-assembled monolayers with a variety of dipolar moments showing that both the chemical nature and the monolayer density influence the electrical characteristics of the device. The functionalisation of the gate electrode in electrolyte-gated field effect transistors (EGOFETs) with self-assembled monolayers effect the device electrical performance mainly due to the induced capacitance changes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Leonardi
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Adrián Tamayo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Stefano Casalini
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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30
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Kyndiah A, Ablat A, Guyot-Reeb S, Schultz T, Zu F, Koch N, Amsalem P, Chiodini S, Yilmaz Alic T, Topal Y, Kus M, Hirsch L, Fasquel S, Abbas M. A Multifunctional Interlayer for Solution Processed High Performance Indium Oxide Transistors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10946. [PMID: 30026501 PMCID: PMC6053378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple functionality of tungsten polyoxometalate (POM) has been achieved applying it as interfacial layer for solution processed high performance In2O3 thin film transistors, which results in overall improvement of device performance. This approach not only reduces off-current of the device by more than two orders of magnitude, but also leads to a threshold voltage reduction, as well as significantly enhances the mobility through facilitated charge injection from the electrode to the active layer. Such a mechanism has been elucidated through morphological and spectroscopic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrica Kyndiah
- CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système (IMS), UMR 5218, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Abduleziz Ablat
- CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système (IMS), UMR 5218, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607, Pessac Cedex, France.,School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, People's Republic of China
| | - Seymour Guyot-Reeb
- CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système (IMS), UMR 5218, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Thorsten Schultz
- Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fengshuo Zu
- Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Koch
- Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Amsalem
- Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefano Chiodini
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tugbahan Yilmaz Alic
- Advanced Technology Research and Application Center, Selcuk University, 42031, Campus, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Topal
- Advanced Technology Research and Application Center, Selcuk University, 42031, Campus, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey.,Pamukkale University, Cal Vocational School, 20700, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Kus
- Advanced Technology Research and Application Center, Selcuk University, 42031, Campus, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey.,Gebze Technical University, Institute of Energy Technologies, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Lionel Hirsch
- CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système (IMS), UMR 5218, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Fasquel
- CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système (IMS), UMR 5218, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Mamatimin Abbas
- CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système (IMS), UMR 5218, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607, Pessac Cedex, France.
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31
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Senanayak SP, Sangwan VK, McMorrow JJ, Everaerts K, Chen Z, Facchetti A, Hersam MC, Marks TJ, Narayan KS. Self-Assembled Photochromic Molecular Dipoles for High-Performance Polymer Thin-Film Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21492-21498. [PMID: 29847908 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-performance multifunctional polymer-based electronic circuits is a major step toward future flexible electronics. Here, we demonstrate a tunable approach to fabricate such devices based on rationally designed dielectric super-lattice structures with photochromic azobenzene molecules. These nanodielectrics possessing ionic, molecular, and atomic polarization are utilized in polymer thin-film transistors (TFTs) to realize high-performance electronics with a p-type field-effect mobility (μFET) exceeding 2 cm2 V-1 s-1. A crossover in the transport mechanism from electrostatic dipolar disorder to ionic-induced disorder is observed in the transistor characteristics over a range of temperatures. The facile supramolecular design allows the possibility to optically control the extent of molecular and ionic polarization in the ultrathin nanodielectric. Thus, we demonstrate a 3-fold increase in the capacitance from 0.1 to 0.34 μF/cm2, which results in a 200% increase in TFT channel current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Bangalore 560064 , India
- Optoelectronics Group , Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , U.K
| | | | | | | | - Zhihua Chen
- Flexterra Inc. , 8025 Lamon Avenue , Skokie , Illinois 60077 , United States
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Flexterra Inc. , 8025 Lamon Avenue , Skokie , Illinois 60077 , United States
| | | | | | - K S Narayan
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Bangalore 560064 , India
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32
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Copolymer dielectrics with balanced chain-packing density and surface polarity for high-performance flexible organic electronics. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2339. [PMID: 29904130 PMCID: PMC6002412 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing demand for flexible electronics calls for the development of low-voltage and high-mobility organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) that can be integrated into emerging display and labeling technologies. Polymer dielectrics with comprehensive and balanced dielectric properties (i.e., a good balance between their insulating characteristics and compatibility with organic semiconductors) are considered particularly important for this end. Here, we introduce a simple but highly efficient strategy to realize this target by using a new type of copolymer as dielectrics. Benefiting from both high chain packing density guaranteeing dielectric properties and surface polarity optimizing molecular packing of organic semiconductors, this rationally designed copolymer dielectric endows flexible OTFTs with high mobility (5.6 cm2 V−1 s−1), low operating voltage (3 V) and outstanding stability. Further, their applicability in integrated circuits is verified. The excellent device performance shows exciting prospects of this molecular-scale engineered copolymer for the realization of plastic high-performance integrated electronics. Developing large-scale flexible display technologies calls for new gate dielectric materials balancing the insulating property and molecular packing of organic semiconductors. Ji et al. synthesize a dielectric copolymer contributing with charge mobility of 5 cm2 V−1 s−1 and low operating voltage of 3 V.
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33
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Baek SW, Ha JW, Yoon M, Hwang DH, Lee J. Shellac Films as a Natural Dielectric Layer for Enhanced Electron Transport in Polymer Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18948-18955. [PMID: 29756443 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Shellac, a natural polymer resin obtained from the secretions of lac bugs, was evaluated as a dielectric layer in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) on the basis of donor (D)-acceptor (A)-type conjugated semiconducting copolymers. The measured dielectric constant and breakdown field of the shellac layer were ∼3.4 and 3.0 MV/cm, respectively, comparable with those of a poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) film, a commonly used dielectric material. Bottom-gate/top-contact OFETs were fabricated with shellac or PVP as the dielectric layer and one of three different D-A-type semiconducting copolymers as the active layer: poly(cyclopentadithiophene- alt-benzothiadiazole) with p-type characteristics, poly(naphthalene-bis(dicarboximide)- alt-bithiophene) [P(NDI2OD-T2)] with n-type characteristics, and poly(dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole- alt-thienothiophene) [P(DPP2T-TT)] with ambipolar characteristics. The electrical characteristics of the fabricated OFETs were then measured. For all active layers, OFETs with a shellac film as the dielectric layer exhibited a better mobility than those with PVP. For example, the mobility of the OFET with a shellac dielectric and n-type P(NDI2OD-T2) active layer was approximately 2 orders of magnitude greater than that of the corresponding OFET with a PVP insulating layer. When P(DPP2T-TT) served as the active layer, the OFET with shellac as the dielectric exhibited ambipolar characteristics, whereas the corresponding OFET with the PVP dielectric operated only in hole-accumulation mode. The total density of states was analyzed using technology computer-aided design simulations. The results revealed that compared with the OFETs with PVP as the dielectric, the OFETs with shellac as the dielectric had a lower trap-site density at the polymer semiconductor/dielectric interface and much fewer acceptor-like trap sites acting as electron traps. These results demonstrate that shellac is a suitable dielectric material for D-A-type semiconducting copolymer-based OFETs, and the use of shellac as a dielectric layer facilitates electron transport at the interface with D-A-type copolymer channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woon Baek
- Department of Graphic Arts Information Engineering , Pukyong National University , Busan 48547 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woon Ha
- Department of Chemistry , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Yoon
- Department of Physics , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoul Lee
- Department of Graphic Arts Information Engineering , Pukyong National University , Busan 48547 , Republic of Korea
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34
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Campos A, Riera-Galindo S, Puigdollers J, Mas-Torrent M. Reduction of Charge Traps and Stability Enhancement in Solution-Processed Organic Field-Effect Transistors Based on a Blended n-Type Semiconductor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:15952-15961. [PMID: 29671315 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed n-type organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are essential elements for developing large-area, low-cost, and all organic logic/complementary circuits. Nonetheless, the development of air-stable n-type organic semiconductors (OSCs) lags behind their p-type counterparts. The trapping of electrons at the semiconductor-dielectric interface leads to a lower performance and operational stability. Herein, we report printed small-molecule n-type OFETs based on a blend with a binder polymer, which enhances the device stability due to the improvement of the semiconductor-dielectric interface quality and a self-encapsulation. Both combined effects prevent the fast deterioration of the OSC. Additionally, a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor-like inverter is fabricated depositing p-type and n-type OSCs simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Campos
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering , Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus UAB , Cerdanyola del Vallès , 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Sergi Riera-Galindo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering , Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus UAB , Cerdanyola del Vallès , 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Joaquim Puigdollers
- Department Enginyeria Electrònica , Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Jordi Girona 1-3 , 08034 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering , Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus UAB , Cerdanyola del Vallès , 08193 Barcelona , Spain
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35
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Wang C, Luo Y, Zheng J, Liu L, Xie Z, Huang F, Yang B, Ma Y. Spontaneous Interfacial Dipole Orientation Effect of Acetic Acid Solubilized PFN. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:10270-10279. [PMID: 29512383 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly[(9,9-dioctyl-2,7-fluorene)- alt-(9,9-bis(3'-( N, N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)] (PFN) is a very important interfacial modifier in organic photovoltaic and organic light-emitting diodes to improve device performance, where their molecular dipole has been regarded to play a key role. In this work, we have reported a spontaneous interfacial dipole orientation effect in acetic acid dissolved PFN, which is strongly related to the interfacial dipole and the corresponding device performance. In direct spin-coating, the interfacial dipole is 1.08 Debye with interfacial contact angle 84.8°, whereas after self-assembly of 10 min, the interfacial dipole is balanced at 4.21 Debye, with the interfacial contact angle decreasing to 76.8°. Without strong interaction with the substrate, the energy of upward amine groups is much lower than that of downward ones in theoretical simulation, which would be the driving force of this spontaneous process. The preferred conformations of PFN molecules on hydroxylated substrates have over 99% amine groups outward, and the theoretical average dipole calculated from the weight of these conformations is 4.48 Debye, which is close to the experimental result and indicates a high ratio of upward amine groups in self-assembled films. This effect obviously changes the device performance, such as an obvious positive threshold voltage shift in transistors and a distinct increase of the short-circuit current/open-circuit voltage in organic solar cells. This effect provides a deeper understanding of the PFN interlayer mechanism and has potential application in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Yinqi Luo
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Jieming Zheng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Zengqi Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
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36
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Li J, Zhou K, Liu J, Zhen Y, Liu L, Zhang J, Dong H, Zhang X, Jiang L, Hu W. Aromatic Extension at 2,6-Positions of Anthracene toward an Elegant Strategy for Organic Semiconductors with Efficient Charge Transport and Strong Solid State Emission. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17261-17264. [PMID: 29111716 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors integrating excellent charge transport with efficient solid emission are very challenging to be attained in the construction of light-emitting transistors and even for realization of electrically pumped organic lasers. Herein, we introduce naphthyl units at 2,6-positions of anthracene to achieve 2,6-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (dNaAnt), which adopts J-aggregated mode in the solid state as a balanced strategy for excellent charge transporting and efficient solid state emission. Single crystal field-effect transistors show mobility up to 12.3 cm2·V-1·s-1 and a photoluminescence quantum yield of 29.2% was obtained for dNaAnt crystals. Furthermore, organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) based on dNaAnt single crystals distribute outstanding balanced ambipolar charge transporting property (μh = 1.10 cm2·V-1·s-1, μe = 0.87 cm2·V-1·s-1) and spatially controllable emission, which is one of the best performances for OLETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yonggang Zhen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer, Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer, Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072, China
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37
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Li Q, Li S, Yang D, Su W, Wang Y, Zhou W, Liu H, Xie S. Designing hybrid gate dielectric for fully printing high-performance carbon nanotube thin film transistors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:435203. [PMID: 28832342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa87fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The electrical characteristics of carbon nanotube (CNT) thin-film transistors (TFTs) strongly depend on the properties of the gate dielectric that is in direct contact with the semiconducting CNT channel materials. Here, we systematically investigated the dielectric effects on the electrical characteristics of fully printed semiconducting CNT-TFTs by introducing the organic dielectrics of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) to modify SiO2 dielectric. The results showed that the organic-modified SiO2 dielectric formed a favorable interface for the efficient charge transport in s-SWCNT-TFTs. Compared to single-layer SiO2 dielectric, the use of organic-inorganic hybrid bilayer dielectrics dramatically improved the performances of SWCNT-TFTs such as mobility, threshold voltage, hysteresis and on/off ratio due to the suppress of charge scattering, gate leakage current and charge trapping. The transport mechanism is related that the dielectric with few charge trapping provided efficient percolation pathways for charge carriers, while reduced the charge scattering. High density of charge traps which could directly act as physical transport barriers and significantly restrict the charge carrier transport and, thus, result in decreased mobile carriers and low device performance. Moreover, the gate leakage phenomenon is caused by conduction through charge traps. So, as a component of TFTs, the gate dielectric is of crucial importance to the manufacture of high quality TFTs from the aspects of affecting the gate leakage current and device operation voltage, as well as the charge carrier transport. Interestingly, the OTS-modified SiO2 allows to directly print horizontally aligned CNT film, and the corresponding devices exhibited a higher mobility than that of the devices with the hybrid PMMA/SiO2 dielectric although the thickness of OTS layer is only ∼2.5 nm. Our present result may provide key guidance for the further development of printed nanomaterial electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China. Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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38
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Huang W, Zhuang X, Melkonyan FS, Wang B, Zeng L, Wang G, Han S, Bedzyk MJ, Yu J, Marks TJ, Facchetti A. UV-Ozone Interfacial Modification in Organic Transistors for High-Sensitivity NO 2 Detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1701706. [PMID: 28614602 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new type of nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) gas sensor based on copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin film transistors (TFTs) with a simple, low-cost UV-ozone (UVO)-treated polymeric gate dielectric is reported here. The NO2 sensitivity of these TFTs with the dielectric surface UVO treatment is ≈400× greater for [NO2 ] = 30 ppm than for those without UVO treatment. Importantly, the sensitivity is ≈50× greater for [NO2 ] = 1 ppm with the UVO-treated TFTs, and a limit of detection of ≈400 ppb is achieved with this sensing platform. The morphology, microstructure, and chemical composition of the gate dielectric and CuPc films are analyzed by atomic force microscopy, grazing incident X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, revealing that the enhanced sensing performance originates from UVO-derived hydroxylated species on the dielectric surface and not from chemical reactions between NO2 and the dielectric/semiconductor components. This work demonstrates that dielectric/semiconductor interface engineering is essential for readily manufacturable high-performance TFT-based gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xinming Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Ferdinand S Melkonyan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Binghao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Shijiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Michael J Bedzyk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Flexterra Inc., 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, IL, 60077, USA
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39
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Van Dyck C, Marks TJ, Ratner MA. Chain Length Dependence of the Dielectric Constant and Polarizability in Conjugated Organic Thin Films. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5970-5981. [PMID: 28575578 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric materials are ubiquitous in optics, electronics, and materials science. Recently, there have been new efforts to characterize the dielectric performance of thin films composed of molecular assemblies. In this context, we investigate here the relationship between the polarizability of the constituent molecules and the film dielectric constant, using periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations, for polyyne and saturated alkane chains. In particular, we explore the implication of the superlinear chain length dependence of the polarizability, a specific feature of conjugated molecules. We show and explain from DFT calculations and a simple depolarization model that this superlinearity is attenuated by the collective polarization. However, it is not completely suppressed. This confers a very high sensitivity of the dielectric constant to the thin film thickness. This latter can increase by a factor of 3-4 at reasonable coverages, by extending the molecular length. This significantly limits the decline of the thin film capacitance with the film thickness. Therefore, the conventional fit of the capacitance versus thickness is not appropriate to determine the dielectric constant of the film. Finally, we show that the failures of semilocal approximations of the exchange-correlation functional lead to a very significant overestimation of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Van Dyck
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark A Ratner
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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40
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Shan B, Miao Q. Molecular design of n-type organic semiconductors for high-performance thin film transistors. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Ji D, Xu X, Jiang L, Amirjalayer S, Jiang L, Zhen Y, Zou Y, Yao Y, Dong H, Yu J, Fuchs H, Hu W. Surface Polarity and Self-Structured Nanogrooves Collaboratively Oriented Molecular Packing for High Crystallinity toward Efficient Charge Transport. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2734-2740. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deyang Ji
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany & Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Longfeng Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Saeed Amirjalayer
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany & Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center
for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lang Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yonggang Zhen
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ye Zou
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yifan Yao
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School
of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany & Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Wenping Hu
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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42
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Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Huang J. Detecting 100 fW cm -2 Light with Trapped Electron Gated Organic Phototransistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 27897347 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultraweak light detection with solid-state and cooling-free photodetectors is important for both fundamental research and practical applications. A general phototransistor architecture for detecting ultraviolet-visible light down to 100 fW cm-2 at room temperature is demonstrated. The exceptional sensitivity stems from an amplification process triggered by incident light. A responsivity of ≈107 A W-1 is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0656, USA
| | - Yongbo Yuan
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0656, USA
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0656, USA
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43
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Adhikari JM, Gadinski MR, Li Q, Sun KG, Reyes-Martinez MA, Iagodkine E, Briseno AL, Jackson TN, Wang Q, Gomez ED. Controlling Chain Conformations of High-k Fluoropolymer Dielectrics to Enhance Charge Mobilities in Rubrene Single-Crystal Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:10095-10102. [PMID: 27717022 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel photopatternable high-k fluoropolymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride-bromotrifluoroethylene) P(VDF-BTFE), with a dielectric constant (k) between 8 and 11 is demonstrated in thin-film transistors. Crosslinking P(VDF-BTFE) reduces energetic disorder at the dielectric-semiconductor interface by controlling the chain conformations of P(VDF-BTFE), thereby leading to approximately a threefold enhancement in the charge mobility of rubrene single-crystal field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwala M Adhikari
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, 106 Fenske Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Matthew R Gadinski
- Material Science and Engineering, N-348 Millennium Science Complex, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Qi Li
- Material Science and Engineering, N-348 Millennium Science Complex, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kaige G Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Marcos A Reyes-Martinez
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, The Dow Chemical Company, 455 Forest St, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
| | - Elissei Iagodkine
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, The Dow Chemical Company, 455 Forest St, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, The Dow Chemical Company, 455 Forest St, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
| | - Thomas N Jackson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Material Science and Engineering, N-348 Millennium Science Complex, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Enrique D Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, 106 Fenske Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Zhang X, Chen X, Liu J, Zhen Y, Dong H, Li L, Hu W. Tuning the aggregation structure and electrical property of 2.6-diphenyl-anthracene by the density of octadecyltrichlorosilane. Sci China Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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Ruiz C, Pandey UK, Termine R, García-Frutos EM, López-Espejo G, Ortiz RP, Huang W, Marks TJ, Facchetti A, Ruiz Delgado MC, Golemme A, Gómez-Lor B. Mobility versus Alignment of a Semiconducting π-Extended Discotic Liquid-Crystalline Triindole. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:26964-26971. [PMID: 27643623 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The p-type semiconducting properties of a triphenylene-fused triindole mesogen, have been studied by applying two complementary methods which have different alignment requirements. The attachment of only three flexible alkyl chains to the nitrogen atoms of this π-extended core is sufficient to induce columnar mesomorphism. High hole mobility values (0.65 cm2 V-1 s-1) have been estimated by space-charge limited current (SCLC) measurements in a diode-like structure which are easily prepared from the melt, rendering this material a good candidate for OPVs and OLEDs devices. The mobility predicted theoretically via a hole-hopping mechanism is in very good agreement with the experimental values determined at the SCLC regime. On the other hand the hole mobility determined on solution processed thin film transistors (OFETs) is significantly lower, which can be rationalized by the high tendency of these large molecules to align on surfaces with their extended π-conjugated core parallel to the substrate as demonstrated by SERS. Despite the differences obtained with the two methods, the acceptable performance found on OFETs fabricated by simple drop-casting processing of such an enlarged aromatic core is remarkable and suggests facile hopping between neighboring molecular columns owing to the large conducting/isolating ratio found in this discotic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC , Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Upendra K Pandey
- LASCAMM CR-INSTM, CNR-NANOTEC Lab LiCryL, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria , 87036 Rende, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Energy Research, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Roberto Termine
- LASCAMM CR-INSTM, CNR-NANOTEC Lab LiCryL, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria , 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Eva M García-Frutos
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC , Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guzmán López-Espejo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga , 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rocío Ponce Ortiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga , 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | - Attilio Golemme
- LASCAMM CR-INSTM, CNR-NANOTEC Lab LiCryL, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria , 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Berta Gómez-Lor
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC , Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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46
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Heitzer HM, Marks TJ, Ratner MA. Computation of Dielectric Response in Molecular Solids for High Capacitance Organic Dielectrics. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1614-23. [PMID: 27576058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The dielectric response of a material is central to numerous processes spanning the fields of chemistry, materials science, biology, and physics. Despite this broad importance across these disciplines, describing the dielectric environment of a molecular system at the level of first-principles theory and computation remains a great challenge and is of importance to understand the behavior of existing systems as well as to guide the design and synthetic realization of new ones. Furthermore, with recent advances in molecular electronics, nanotechnology, and molecular biology, it has become necessary to predict the dielectric properties of molecular systems that are often difficult or impossible to measure experimentally. In these scenarios, it is would be highly desirable to be able to determine dielectric response through efficient, accurate, and chemically informative calculations. A good example of where theoretical modeling of dielectric response would be valuable is in the development of high-capacitance organic gate dielectrics for unconventional electronics such as those that could be fabricated by high-throughput printing techniques. Gate dielectrics are fundamental components of all transistor-based logic circuitry, and the combination high dielectric constant and nanoscopic thickness (i.e., high capacitance) is essential to achieving high switching speeds and low power consumption. Molecule-based dielectrics offer the promise of cheap, flexible, and mass producible electronics when used in conjunction with unconventional organic or inorganic semiconducting materials to fabricate organic field effect transistors (OFETs). The molecular dielectrics developed to date typically have limited dielectric response, which results in low capacitances, translating into poor performance of the resulting OFETs. Furthermore, the development of better performing dielectric materials has been hindered by the current highly empirical and labor-intensive pace of synthetic progress. An accurate and efficient theoretical computational approach could drastically decrease this time by screening potential dielectric materials and providing reliable design rules for future molecular dielectrics. Until recently, accurate calculation of dielectric responses in molecular materials was difficult and highly approximate. Most previous modeling efforts relied on classical formalisms to relate molecular polarizability to macroscopic dielectric properties. These efforts often vastly overestimated polarizability in the subject materials and ignored crucial material properties that can affect dielectric response. Recent advances in first-principles calculations via density functional theory (DFT) with periodic boundary conditions have allowed accurate computation of dielectric properties in molecular materials. In this Account, we outline the methodology used to calculate dielectric properties of molecular materials. We demonstrate the validity of this approach on model systems, capturing the frequency dependence of the dielectric response and achieving quantitative accuracy compared with experiment. This method is then used as a guide to new high-capacitance molecular dielectrics by determining what materials and chemical properties are important in maximizing dielectric response in self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). It will be seen that this technique is a powerful tool for understanding and designing new molecular dielectric systems, the properties of which are fundamental to many scientific areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry M. Heitzer
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark A. Ratner
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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47
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Mao Z, Guo Y, Chen H, Zhang W, Yu G. Tailoring molecular weight of polymeric dielectric to enhance electron and hole mobilities in polymer field-effect transistors. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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Hoffman BC, McAfee T, Conrad BR, Loth MA, Anthony JE, Ade HW, Dougherty DB. Intrinsic Charge Trapping Observed as Surface Potential Variations in diF-TES-ADT Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21490-21496. [PMID: 27466823 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Spatial variations in surface potential are measured with Kelvin probe force microscopy for thin films of 2,8-difluoro-5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl)anthradithiophenes (diF-TES-ADT) grown on SiO2 and silane-treated SiO2 substrates by organic molecular beam deposition. The variations are observed both between and within grains of the polycrystalline organic film and are quantitatively different than electrostatic variations on the substrate surfaces. The skewness of surface potential distributions is larger on SiO2 than on HMDS-treated substrates. This observation is attributed to the impact of substrate functionalization on minimizing intrinsic crystallographic defects in the organic film that can trap charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Hoffman
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Terry McAfee
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Brad R Conrad
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Appalachian State University , Boone, North Carolina 28608, United States
| | - Marsha A Loth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - John E Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Harald W Ade
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Daniel B Dougherty
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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49
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Watanabe S, Fujita T, Ribierre JC, Takaishi K, Muto T, Adachi C, Uchiyama M, Aoyama T, Matsumoto M. Microcrystallization of a Solution-Processable Organic Semiconductor in Capillaries for High-Performance Ambipolar Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:17574-17582. [PMID: 27150559 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the use of microcrystallization in capillaries to fabricate patterned crystalline microstructures of the low-bandgap ambipolar quinoidal quaterthiophene derivative (QQT(CN)4) from a chloroform solution. Aligned needle-shaped QQT(CN)4 crystals were formed in thin film microstructures using either open- or closed- capillaries made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Their charge transport properties were evaluated in a bottom-gate top-contact transistor configuration. Hole and electron mobilities were found to be as high as 0.17 and 0.083 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), respectively, approaching the values previously obtained in individual QQT(CN)4 single crystal microneedles. It was possible to control the size of the needle crystals and the microline arrays by adjusting the structure of the PDMS mold and the concentration of QQT(CN)4 solution. These results demonstrate that the microcrystallization in capillaries technique can be used to simultaneously pattern organic needle single crystals and control the microcrystallization processes. Such a simple and versatile method should be promising for the future development of high-performance organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takuma Fujita
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Tokyo 162-0825, Japan
| | | | - Kazuto Takaishi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University , Okayama 700-0082 Japan
- Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN , Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Muto
- Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN , Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN , Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Aoyama
- Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN , Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mutsuyoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Tokyo 162-0825, Japan
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Khim D, Shin EY, Xu Y, Park WT, Jin SH, Noh YY. Control of Threshold Voltage for Top-Gated Ambipolar Field-Effect Transistor by Gate Buffer Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:17416-20. [PMID: 27323003 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The threshold voltage and onset voltage for p-channel and n-channel regimes of solution-processed ambipolar organic transistors with top-gate/bottom-contact (TG/BC) geometry were effectively tuned by gate buffer layers in between the gate electrode and the dielectric. The work function of a pristine Al gate electrode (-4.1 eV) was modified by cesium carbonate and vanadium oxide to -2.1 and -5.1 eV, respectively, which could control the flat-band voltage, leading to a remarkable shift of transfer curves in both negative and positive gate voltage directions without any side effects. One important feature is that the mobility of transistors is not very sensitive to the gate buffer layer. This method is simple but useful for electronic devices where the threshold voltage should be precisely controlled, such as ambipolar circuits, memory devices, and light-emitting device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoon Khim
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University , 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
- Center for Plastic Electronics, Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Eul-Yong Shin
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University , 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University , 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Tae Park
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University , 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Jin
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, and Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University , 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
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