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Mulugeta SM, Pluhár Z, Radácsi P. Phenotypic Variations and Bioactive Constituents among Selected Ocimum Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:64. [PMID: 38202372 PMCID: PMC10780635 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Basil (Ocimum species) represents an extraordinary group of aromatic plants that have gained considerable economic importance, primarily due to their essential oils, which have applications in medicine, culinary, and perfumery. The Ocimum genus encompasses more than 60 species of herbs and shrubs originally native to tropical regions. This genus stands out for its remarkable diversity, displaying a wide spectrum of variations in phenotype, chemical composition, and genetic makeup. In addition to genetic factors, the growth, development, and essential oil production of basil are also influenced by environmental conditions, ontogeny, and various other factors. Consequently, the primary objective of this study was to explore the diversity in both the morphological characteristics and essential oil composition among basil genotypes preserved within the gene bank of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences' Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. The investigation involved the assessment of fifteen basil genotypes, representing four distinct species: Ocimum basilicum (including 'Anise', 'Clove', 'Fino Verde', 'Licorice', 'Mammoth', 'Mrs. Burns', 'Thai tömzsi', 'Thai hosszú', and 'Vietnamese basil'), Ocimum sanctum (green holy basils), Ocimum citrodora (Lemon basil), and Ocimum gratissimum (African and Vana holy basil). The genotypes exhibited significant variations in their morphological growth, essential oil content (EOC), and composition. African basil produced more biomass (408.3 g/plant) and showed robust growth. The sweet basil cultivars clove, licorice, Thai tömzsi, and Thai hosszú also exhibited similar robust growth trends. Vietnamese basil, on the other hand, displayed the lowest fresh biomass of 82.0 g per plant. Both holy basils showed EOC levels below 0.5%, while Mrihani basil stood out with the highest EOC of 1.7%. The predominant constituents of the essential oil among these genotypes comprised estragole, thymol, methyl cinnamate, linalool, and eugenol. In conclusion, this study showed that the genotypes of basil stored in the department's gene bank exhibit a wide range of variability, both within and between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sintayehu Musie Mulugeta
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary (P.R.)
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Ivanova T, Bosseva Y, Chervenkov M, Dimitrova D. Sweet Basil between the Soul and the Table-Transformation of Traditional Knowledge on Ocimum basilicum L. in Bulgaria. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2771. [PMID: 37570924 PMCID: PMC10420671 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The study tracks the utilization of Ocimum basilicum L. (sweet basil)-a garden plant popular for its ritual and ornamental value in the past, that is currently applied in various forms and ways as medicine, food, insect repellent, etc.-in Bulgaria. Previous data for Bulgarian rural home gardens showed a significant number of preserved local landraces; however, it remained unclear how people perceive the large varietal diversity of this species and how the traditions related to its use are preserved. We combined a literature review on the cultural value of sweet basil and the breeding of local genetic resources with an online questionnaire, directed to adult laypeople, that sought to access different aspects of past (recalled) and present use and related knowledge. The identification skills of the participants were tested using images of local plant landraces and foreign varieties. Responses from 220 participants showed that potted "Genovese"-type individual was most frequently identified as sweet basil (89.9%), followed by two examples of local landraces in flower. Participants who grow sweet basil or used it in more varied ways had significantly better identification skills. Ocimum basilicum was most frequently reported as food, while ritual/symbolic use was preserved while devalued during the Communism regime (1945-1989). Food and religious uses were negatively associated in the past, but presently, the tendency is completely reversed. Preferences for the informal exchange of seeds and seed-saving practices were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Ivanova
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.B.); (M.C.); (D.D.)
| | - Yulia Bosseva
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.B.); (M.C.); (D.D.)
| | - Mihail Chervenkov
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.B.); (M.C.); (D.D.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dessislava Dimitrova
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.B.); (M.C.); (D.D.)
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Sayarer M, Aytaç Z, Kürkçüoğlu M. The Effect of Irrigation and Humic Acid on the Plant Yield and Quality of Sweet Basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) with Mulching Application under Semi-Arid Ecological Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1522. [PMID: 37050148 PMCID: PMC10097155 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of suitable irrigation levels (IRL), humic acid doses (HAD) and soil mulching (SM) are important tools for improving the morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of medicinal and aromatic plants. Ocimum basilicum L. cultivated under four IRL: IRL 100 = 100% FC-IRL 75 = 75% FC-IRL 50 = 50% FC-IRL 25 = 25% FC and four HAD: HA 0 = 0.0 Lha-1-HA 10 = 10.0 Lha-1-HA 20 = 20.0 L ha-1-HA 40 = 40.0 L ha-1 were applied in order to evaluate morpho-physiological and biochemical traits under the ecological conditions of Eskişehir in 2016 and 2017. A second trial was conducted with black plastic soil mulch (SM) and compared with the control plots (CP) in 2016. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with split plots and three replications. The plant height (PH), fresh herb yield (FHY), dry herb yield (DHY), dry leaf yield (DLY), protein ratio (PR), and main essential oil compounds (MEOC) of Ocimum basilicum L. increased and the essential oil ratio (EOR) and essential oil yield (EOY) decreased with increasing IRL (IRL 100 and IRL 75). FHY (7268.3 and 7472.7 kg ha-1) and DLY (635.3 and 637.5 kg ha-1) increased with increasing HAD (HA 20 and HA 40) compared to the values of FHY and DLY at HA 0 (6852.6 and 587.0 respectively). The SM application at IRL 50 increased the PH between 8.8 and 13.5%, FHY 11.7 and 16.7%, DLY 22.5 and 29.2%, and at IRL 75 the EOY between 20.0 and 23.9% compared to CP. In addition, PH, FHY, DLY, and EOY were highest at HA 40 and HA 20. The MEOC (linalool, 1,8-cineole, and (E) - β-bergamotene) under SM were more pronounced at IRL 25 and IRL 50 compared to CP. HA particularly improved FHY, DLY, and the main essential oil compounds that can be considered plant biostimulants, which were defined by several studies and regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Sayarer
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir 26160, Türkiye
| | - Zehra Aytaç
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir 26160, Türkiye
| | - Mine Kürkçüoğlu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Türkiye
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Davidsen JM, Cohen SM, Eisenbrand G, Fukushima S, Gooderham NJ, Guengerich FP, Hecht SS, Rietjens IMCM, Rosol TJ, Harman CL, Taylor SV. FEMA GRAS assessment of derivatives of basil, nutmeg, parsley, tarragon and related allylalkoxybenzene-containing natural flavor complexes. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113646. [PMID: 36804339 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) initiated a program for the re-evaluation of the safety of over 250 natural flavor complexes (NFCs) used as flavoring ingredients in food. In this publication, tenth in the series, NFCs containing a high percentage of at least one naturally occurring allylalkoxybenzene constituent with a suspected concern for genotoxicity and/or carcinogenicity are evaluated. In a related paper, ninth in the series, NFCs containing anethole and/or eugenol and relatively low percentages of these allylalkoxybenzenes are evaluated. The Panel applies the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept and evaluates relevant toxicology data on the NFCs and their respective constituent congeneric groups. For NFCs containing allylalkoxybenzene constituent(s), the estimated intake of the constituent is compared to the TTC for compounds with structural alerts for genotoxicity and when exceeded, a margin of exposure (MOE) is calculated. BMDL10 values are derived from benchmark dose analyses using Bayesian model averaging for safrole, estragole and methyl eugenol using EPA's BMDS software version 3.2. BMDL10 values for myristicin, elemicin and parsley apiole were estimated by read-across using relative potency factors. Margins of safety for each constituent congeneric group and MOEs for each allylalkoxybenzene constituent for each NFC were determined that indicate no safety concern. The scope of the safety evaluation contained herein does not include added use in dietary supplements or any products other than food. Ten NFCs, derived from basil, estragon (tarragon), mace, nutmeg, parsley and Canadian snakeroot were determined or affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) under their conditions of intended use as flavor ingredients based on an evaluation of each NFC and the constituents and congeneric groups therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Davidsen
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C, 20036, USA
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Havlik-Wall Professor of Oncology, Dept. of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983135 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-3135, USA
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- University of Kaiserslautern, Germany (Retired), Kühler Grund 48/1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shoji Fukushima
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Nigel J Gooderham
- Dept. of Metabolism, Digestion, Reproduction, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center and Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, 2231 6th St, S.E, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Christie L Harman
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C, 20036, USA
| | - Sean V Taylor
- Scientific Secretary to the FEMA Expert Panel, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C, 20036, USA.
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Farina P, Ascrizzi R, Bedini S, Castagna A, Flamini G, Macaluso M, Mannucci A, Pieracci Y, Ranieri A, Sciampagna MC, Venturi F, Conti B. Chitosan and Essential Oils Combined for Beef Meat Protection against the Oviposition of Calliphora vomitoria, Water Loss, Lipid Peroxidation, and Colour Changes. Foods 2022; 11:foods11243994. [PMID: 36553736 PMCID: PMC9778219 DOI: 10.3390/foods11243994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat production has a higher economic and ecological impact than other commodities. The reduction in meat loss and waste throughout the whole supply chain is a demanding challenge. In recent years, the interest in the food-grade polysaccharide chitosan (CH) and essential oils (EOs) employed as allies in meat protection has increased. In this work, we selected five EOs obtained from plants traditionally used as spices, and after their chemical characterisation, a trained panel of expert sensorial analysts determined that, among them, Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae) and Piper nigrum (Piperaceae) EOs were the most suitable to season meat. Therefore, the effect of CH, the L. nobilis and P. nigrum EOs, and EOs-enriched CH solutions on meat was tested to assess how they deter the oviposition behaviour of the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and against water loss, lipid peroxidation, and colour changes. All the applied treatments, compared to the control, did not accelerate meat dehydration but increased colour lightness, an attractive feature for consumers, and discouraged the blowfly's oviposition. In particular, the P. nigrum EO-enriched CH was the most active in repelling C. vomitoria without negatively affecting the organoleptic qualities and shelf-life of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Farina
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Ascrizzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Bedini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Flamini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Macaluso
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessia Mannucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ylenia Pieracci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Calogera Sciampagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Venturi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Conti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Thoma JL, Cantrell CL, Zheljazkov VD. Effects of Essential Oil Fumigation on Potato Sprouting at Room-Temperature Storage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223109. [PMID: 36432838 PMCID: PMC9695867 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
As a global staple, potato plays an important role in meeting human dietary needs and alleviating malnutrition. Potato sprouting during storage is a major issue that threatens food security by increasing food waste and must therefore be controlled. Biopesticides, including essential oils (EOs), have a history of use as potato sprout suppressants, and interest in their use has been renewed in response to stricter regulations on CIPC, the dominant chemical sprout suppressant over the last half-century. We evaluated twenty-one EOs as potential sprout suppressants in cv. Ranger Russet potatoes at room-temperature storage. Treatment with Artemisia herba-alba EO was the most effective at suppressing both sprout length and sprout number over a 90-day storage period. GC—MS—FID analysis of A. herba-alba EO revealed the presence of α-thujone, hexadecenoic acid, β-thujone, camphor, sabinene, and camphene at amounts >1%. Cistus ladanifer, Ocimum basilicum, Ormenis mixta, and Salvia sclarea EOs significantly reduced sprout length for shorter storage periods, whereas Cinnamomum zeylanicum (bark) and Laurus nobilis EOs also significantly reduced sprout number. Syzygium aromaticum (clove) EO did not significantly suppress sprouting at room temperature. These results indicate the potential of certain EOs to be used as sprout suppressants for room-temperature potato storage, providing needed alternatives for both organic and conventional potato industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena L. Thoma
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Charles L. Cantrell
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University City, MS 38677, USA
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Chu HTT, Vu TN, Dinh TTT, Do PT, Chu HH, Tien TQ, Tong QC, Nguyen MH, Ha QT, Setzer WN. Effects of Supplemental Light Spectra on the Composition, Production and Antimicrobial Activity of Ocimum basilicum L. Essential Oil. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175599. [PMID: 36080366 PMCID: PMC9457840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effects of different supplemental light spectra and doses (duration and illuminance) on the essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivated in the net-house in Vietnam during four months. Ten samples of basil aerial parts were hydrodistilled to obtain essential oils which had the average yields from 0.88 to 1.30% (v/w, dry). The oils analyzed using GC-FID and GC-MS showed that the main component was methyl chavicol (87.4−90.6%) with the highest values found in the oils of basil under lighting conditions of 6 h/day and 150−200 µmol·m−2·s−1. Additional lighting conditions caused the significant differences (p < 0.001) in basil biomass and oil production with the highest values found in the oils of basil under two conditions of (1) 71% Red: 20% Blue: 9.0% UVA in at 120 μmol·m−2·s−1 in 6 h/day and (2) 43.5% Red: 43.5% Blue: 8.0% Green: 5.0% Far-Red at 100 μmol·m−2·s−1 in 6 h/day. The oils of basil in some formulas showed weak inhibitory effects on only the Bacillus subtilis strain. Different light spectra affect the biomass and essential oil production of basil, as well as the concentrations of the major components in the oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Thi Thu Chu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi 10072, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi 10072, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (H.T.T.C.); (T.N.V.)
| | - Thi Nghiem Vu
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi 10072, Vietnam
- Institute of Materials Science, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi 10072, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (H.T.T.C.); (T.N.V.)
| | - Thuy Thi Thu Dinh
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Phat Tien Do
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi 10072, Vietnam
- Institute of Biotechnology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Ha Hoang Chu
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi 10072, Vietnam
- Institute of Biotechnology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Tran Quoc Tien
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi 10072, Vietnam
- Institute of Materials Science, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Quang Cong Tong
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi 10072, Vietnam
- Institute of Materials Science, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Manh Hieu Nguyen
- Institute of Materials Science, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Quyen Thi Ha
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, VNU University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University Hanoi, 144 Xuan Thuy, Ha Noi 10053, Vietnam
| | - William N. Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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Sevindik B, Sevindik O, Selli S. Effect of drought stress induced by PEG 6000 on
Ocimum basilicum
L. aroma profile. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Başar Sevindik
- Vocational School of Higher Education University of İzmir Demokrasi İzmir Turkey
| | - Onur Sevindik
- Cukurova University Central Research Laboratory (CUMERLAB) Adana Turkey
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University Adana Turkey
| | - Serkan Selli
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Cukurova University Adana Turkey
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Birenboim M, Chalupowicz D, Maurer D, Barel S, Chen Y, Falik E, Kengisbuch D, Shimshoni JA. Optimization of sweet basil harvest time and cultivar characterization using near-infrared spectroscopy, liquid and gas chromatography, and chemometric statistical methods. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3325-3335. [PMID: 34820846 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terpene, eugenol and polyphenolic contents of basil are major determinants of quality, which is affected by genetics, weather, growing practices, pests and diseases. Here, we aimed to develop a simple predictive analytical method for determining the polyphenol, eugenol and terpene content of the leaves of major Israeli sweet basil cultivars grown hydroponically, as a function of harvest time, through the use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, liquid/gas chromatography, and chemometric methods. We also wanted to identify the harvest time associated with the highest terpene, eugenol and polyphenol content. RESULTS Six different cultivars and four different harvest times were analyzed. Partial least square regression (PLS-R) analysis yielded an accurate, predictive model that explained more than 93% of the population variance for all of the analyzed compounds. The model yielded good/excellent prediction (R2 > 0.90, R2 cv and R2 pre > 0.80) and very good residual predictive deviation (RPD > 2) for all of the analyzed compounds. Concentrations of rosmarinic acid, eugenol and terpenes increased steadily over the first 3 weeks, peaking in the fourth week in most of the cultivars. Our PLS-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model provided accurate harvest classification and prediction as compared to cultivar classification. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of harvest classification were larger than 0.82 for all harvest time points, whereas the cultivar classification, resulted in sensitivity values lower than 0.8 in three cultivars. CONCLUSION The PLS-R model provided good predictions of rosmarinic acid, eugenol and terpene content. Our NIR coupled with a PLS-DA demonstrated reasonable solution for harvest and cultivar classification. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matan Birenboim
- Department of Food Safety, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- Department of Plant Science, The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniel Chalupowicz
- Department of Food Quality, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dalia Maurer
- Department of Food Quality, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Shimon Barel
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Department of Toxicology, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Yaira Chen
- Department of Food Safety, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- Department of Plant Science, The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elazar Falik
- Department of Food Quality, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - David Kengisbuch
- Department of Food Quality, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Jakob A Shimshoni
- Department of Food Safety, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- Department of Plant Science, The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot, Israel
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Ciriello M, Formisano L, Kyriacou MC, Colla G, Graziani G, Ritieni A, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y. Biostimulatory Action of Vegetal Protein Hydrolysate Compensates for Reduced Strength Nutrient Supply in a Floating Raft System by Enhancing Performance and Qualitative Features of "Genovese" Basil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:906686. [PMID: 35677231 PMCID: PMC9168677 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.906686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The floating raft constitutes a valuable system for growing herbs as it effectuates high yield and prime functional quality. However, the pressing need for advancing sustainability in food production dictates the reduction of chemical fertilizer inputs in such intensive production schemes through innovative cultivation practices. In this perspective, our work appraised the productive and qualitative responses of two "Genovese" basil genotypes (Eleonora and Italiano Classico) grown in a floating raft system with nutrient solutions of varied electrical conductivity (EC; 2 and 1 dS m-1) combined with root application of protein hydrolysate biostimulant at two dosages (0.15 and 0.3 0 ml L-1 of Trainer®). The phenolic composition, aromatic profile, and antioxidant activities (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP) of basil were determined by UHPLC/HRMS, GC/MS, and spectrophotometry, respectively. "Eleonora" demonstrated higher number of leaves (37.04 leaves per plant), higher fresh yield (6576.81 g m-2), but lower polyphenol concentration (1440.81 μg g-1 dry weight) compared to "Italiano Classico." The lower EC solution (1 dS m-1) increased total phenols (+32.5%), ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP antioxidant activities by 33.2, 17.1, and 15.8%, respectively, and decreased linalool relative abundance by 5.5%. Biostimulant application improved crop performance and increased total phenolic concentration in both genotypes, with the highest phenolic concentration (1767.96 μg g-1 dry weight) registered at the lowest dose. Significant response in terms of aromatic profile was detected only in "Eleonora." Our results demonstrate that the application of protein hydrolysate may compensate for reduced strength nutrient solution by enhancing yield and functional quality attributes of "Genovese" basil for pesto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ciriello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marios C. Kyriacou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, Aglantzia, Cyprus
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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11
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dos Santos ÉRQ, Maia JGS, Fontes-Júnior EA, Maia CDSF. Linalool as a Therapeutic and Medicinal Tool in Depression Treatment: A Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1073-1092. [PMID: 34544345 PMCID: PMC9886818 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210920094504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent disease worldwide, limiting psychosocial functioning and thequality of life. Linalool is the main constituent of some essential oils from aromatic plants, representing about 70% of these volatile concentrates. Evidence of the linalool activity on the central nervous system, mainly acting as an antidepressant agent, is increasingly abundant. This review aimed to extend the knowledge of linalool's antidepressant action mechanisms, which is fundamental for future research, intending to highlight this natural compound as a new antidepressant phytomedication. A critical analysis is proposed here with probable hypotheses of the synergic mechanisms that support the evidence of antidepressant effects of the linalool. The literature search has been conducted in databases for published scientific articles before December 2020, using relevant keywords. Several pieces of evidence point to the anticonvulsant, sedative, and anxiolytic actions. In addition to these activities, other studies have revealed that linalool acts on the monoaminergic and neuroendocrine systems, inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and neurotrophic factors, such as BDNF, resulting in considerable advances in the knowledge of the etiology of depression. In this context, linalool emerges as a promising bioactive compound in the therapeutic arsenal, capable of interacting with numerous pathophysiological factors and acting on several targets. This review claims to contribute to future studies, highlighting the gaps in the linalool knowledge, such as its kinetics, doses, routes of administration, and multiple targets of interaction, to clarify its antidepressant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éverton Renan Quaresma dos Santos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil;
| | - José Guilherme S. Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65080-805 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Enéas Andrade Fontes-Júnior
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil;
| | - Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz Maia
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil; ,Address correspondence to this author at the Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 1, Campus do Guamá, Belém-Pará 66075-900, Brazil; Tel: +55 (91) 3201-7202; E-mails: ;
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12
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Biostimulatory Action of a Plant-Derived Protein Hydrolysate on Morphological Traits, Photosynthetic Parameters, and Mineral Composition of Two Basil Cultivars Grown Hydroponically under Variable Electrical Conductivity. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Hydroponics is a viable alternative to open field cultivation for year-round vegetable production in urban areas. However, the total dependence on external chemical inputs (fertilizers) makes these systems often less environmentally sustainable. In this perspective, the use of biostimulants could represent a valuable and eco-friendly tool to limit the excessive use of fertilizers without a negative impact on the yield. To this end, our work aimed to evaluate the productive and physiological response of two cultivars of ‘Genovese’ basil (Eleonora and Italiano Classico) for the industrial production of “pesto” grown for 22 days in two nutrient solutions with different electrical conductivity (1 and 2 dS m−1) and the application of two doses of protein hydrolysates (0.15- and 0.30-mL L−1 of Trainer® in the nutrient solution). The mineral profile was evaluated by ion chromatography coupled with a conductivity detector, while pigments were evaluated by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Generally, the nutrient solution concentration did not significantly affect the fresh yield of the two cultivars tested. On the contrary, the use of the maximum dose of biostimulant (BT2 = 0.30 mL L−1 of nutrient solution) increased fresh yield, leaf area, and ACO2 by 20.7, 27.5, and 17.6%, respectively, compared with the control. Using the lowest dose of biostimulant (BT1 = 0.15 mL L−1 of the nutrient solution) reduced nitrate by 6.6% compared with the control. The results obtained showed that basil cultivation in a floating raft system combined with biostimulant in the nutrient solution could be an excellent solution to improve productivity, reduce nitrate, and cut fertilizer costs.
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13
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Sneha K, Narayanankutty A, Job JT, Olatunji OJ, Alfarhan A, Famurewa AC, Ramesh V. Antimicrobial and Larvicidal Activities of Different Ocimum Essential Oils Extracted by Ultrasound-Assisted Hydrodistillation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051456. [PMID: 35268557 PMCID: PMC8911667 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases and their vectors have remained a concern for human population from their historical origin. Microbial pathogens have also emerged as a potent threat to the healthcare systems even in developed countries. Essential oils remain a less explored method for infectious disease control; besides, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of essential oil production has emerged as promising source of bioactive volatiles over conventional methods. This study analyzed the possible use of UAE- Essential oils (EOs) from different species of Ocimum plants (Ocimum basilicum (OB), O. gratissimum (OG), O. tenuiflorum (OT), and O. canum (OC)) in the management of microbial pathogens and mosquito larval control. The antibacterial activity was estimated in terms of a disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentrations against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enteritidis. The larvicidal property was found using three important mosquito vectors and the LC50 value was determined. Furthermore, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties were estimated in terms of radical scavenging activities and the inhibition of lipoxygenase enzyme activity. The EOs exhibited significant DPPH radical scavenging (high in OG), hydrogen-peroxide scavenging (OB) and lipoxygenase inhibition (OB). The antibacterial activity was high in OB and OG (p < 0.05) and the larvicidal activity was of higher sensitivity against Aedis and Culex, whereas Armigeres was more resistant. However, no sign of toxicity in the Allium cepa model or non-targeted organism Guppy fishes was observed. Overall, the UAE extracted Ocimum essential oils were found to be effective against various human pathogenic microbial organisms, with OB and OG being highly active. Likewise, the EOs was also able to induce mortality in the larval forms of various mosquito vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuzhimbattil Sneha
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut 673 008, Kerala, India; (K.S.); (J.T.J.)
| | - Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut 673 008, Kerala, India; (K.S.); (J.T.J.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (O.J.O.); Tel.: +91-9847-7935278 (A.N.); +66-850423155 (O.J.O.)
| | - Joice Tom Job
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut 673 008, Kerala, India; (K.S.); (J.T.J.)
| | - Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (O.J.O.); Tel.: +91-9847-7935278 (A.N.); +66-850423155 (O.J.O.)
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ademola C. Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, P.M.B. 1010, Abakaliki 482131, Nigeria;
| | - Varsha Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia;
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14
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Volatile Organic Compounds from Basil Essential Oils: Plant Taxonomy, Biological Activities, and Their Applications in Tropical Fruit Productions. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Basils of the genus Ocimum are aromatic plants grown widely throughout the tropical and temperate regions. The essential oils obtained from their aerial parts are enriched with volatile organic compounds with high market demand for food and pharmaceutical industries. The volatile organic compounds have been shown to exhibit biological activities. Therefore, their novel applications have been extensively explored in the last few decades. The most widely available basils in the tropical areas include white holy basil (O. sanctum var. Shyama), red holy basil (O. sanctum var. Rama), Thai basil (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflorum), lemon basil (O. citriodorum), and tree basil (O. gratissimum). Over 60 volatiles of different classes have been exclusively described, and some of them could be useful as biomarkers for genotype specification. The major volatile ingredient is the phenylpropanoids, such as methyl eugenol, which has the potential as a natural product for mitigating Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) during tropical fruit production. Moreover, basil essential oils are also used to control diseases of the fruits during post-harvest storage. As a result, the application of basil essential oils as a sustainable defect control strategy for tropical fruit value chains seems intriguing. This review provides comprehensive information on plant taxonomy and volatile compositions of the essential oil fractions from different basil species. Their biological activities and applications are also discussed, mainly during the pre- and post-production of tropical fruits. Additionally, the available techniques to enhance the efficacy of the volatile active compounds are also described.
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15
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Takada M, Sakamoto M, Yamada H, Kishikawa N, Mutoh J, Shiraishi Y, Kuroda N, Wada M. HPLC Fluorescence Method for Eugenols in Basil Products Derivatized with DIBI. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:37-42. [PMID: 34980731 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Eugenols (Eugs) such as eugenol (Eug), methyleugenol (MeEug), and linalool (Lin) in basil product are the main bioactive components of basil products and have a terminal double-bond. A sensitive HPLC-fluorescence method for Eugs derivatized with 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)iodobenzene (DIBI) was developed. Good separation of DIB-Eugs was achieved within 20 min on an Atlantis T3 column (50 × 2.1 mm i.d., 3 µm) with a mobile phase of methanol-water. The calibration curves obtained with Eug standards showed good linearities in the range of 0.1-50 µM (r ≥ 0.999). The limits of detection at a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) = 3 for Eug, MeEug, and Lin were 1.0, 6.0, and 4.8 nM, respectively. The limits of quantitation (S/N = 10) of the Eugs were lower than 19.9 nM. The accuracies for the Eugs were within 96.8-104.6%. The intra- and inter-day precisions as relative standard deviations for the Eugs were less than 1.2 and 9.6% (n = 3). The recoveries of Eug, MeEug, and Lin were 99.0 ± 0.1, 98.0 ± 0.2, and 96.0 ± 0.4% (n = 3), respectively. The DIB-Eugs were confirmed to be stable for 2 h (>90%) at room temperature and 24 h (>95%) at 4 °C. These parameters of the proposed method were useful for the simultaneous determination of Eugs in basil products. Therefore, the developed method may be a powerful tool for the quality evaluation of dried commercially available basil products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University
| | | | | | | | - Junpei Mutoh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University
| | | | - Naotaka Kuroda
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Mitsuhiro Wada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University
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16
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The Effect of Antagonist Abiotic Stress on Bioactive Compounds from Basil (Ocimum basilicum). APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11199282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drought and flooding are some of the most common stressful conditions for plants. Due to the recent climate changes, they can occur one after another. This study is focused on the effect of antagonistic abiotic stress such as drought and flooding on the different metabolites from Ocimum basilicum leaves. Six-week-old plants of Ocimum basilicum were exposed to drought or flooding stress for 15 days, followed by antagonist stress for 14 days. The assimilation rates decrease drastically for plants under consecutive stresses from 18.9 to 0.25 µmol m−2 s−1 starting at day 3 of treatment. The stomatal conductance to water vapor gs was also reduced from 86 to 29 mmol m−2 s−1. The emission of green leaf volatiles compounds increases from 0.14 to 2.48 nmol m−2 s−1, and the emission of monoterpenes increased from 2.00 to 7.37 nmol m−2 s−1. The photosynthetic pigment concentration (chlorophyll a and b, and β-carotene), the flavonoid content, and total phenolic content decrease for all stressed plants. The results obtained in this study could indicate that the water status (drought and/or flooding) directly impacts basil plants’ physiological parameters and secondary metabolites.
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17
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Tangpao T, Krutmuang P, Kumpoun W, Jantrawut P, Pusadee T, Cheewangkoon R, Sommano SR, Chuttong B. Encapsulation of Basil Essential Oil by Paste Method and Combined Application with Mechanical Trap for Oriental Fruit Fly Control. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12070633. [PMID: 34357294 PMCID: PMC8303667 DOI: 10.3390/insects12070633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Essential oils of the Ocimum spp. comprised of the volatile phenylpropanoids known for the Oriental fruit fly attractant property. However, fully exposing the essential oils in the field limited their ability. Therefore, we proposed a cheap yet effective paste encapsulation technique combined with a plastic trap for controlling tropical fruit fly in tropical fruit orchard. Abstract In this work, the chemical compositions of basils oils, including those of lemon basil, white holy basil, Thai basil, tree basil and red holy basil, were analysed. Methyl eugenol was detected in all types of basils. The essential oils of red and white holy basils possessed a comparable ability (~25%) to attract male Oriental fruit fly to the synthesised fruit fly attractant in the laboratory experiment. To control the release of the active ingredients, the white holly basil oil (WBO) was encapsulated with maltodextrin (MD) and gum arabic (GA) by paste method. The essential oil is retained in the wall complex much longer with the addition of MD. The results also revealed that the combination of the MD:GA (25:75) had the highest loading efficiency of the oil (9.40%) as observed by the numerous porous structures by scanning electron microscopy. Fourier-transform infrared spectra of the encapsulated polymer confirmed traces of essential oil functional groups. The field test study advised that WBO-encapsulated products improved fruit fly attractive efficiency by maintaining the release rate of basil essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibet Tangpao
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Patcharin Krutmuang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (R.C.)
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wilawan Kumpoun
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Pensak Jantrawut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Tonapha Pusadee
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (R.C.)
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (S.R.S.); (B.C.)
| | - Bajaree Chuttong
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (R.C.)
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (S.R.S.); (B.C.)
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18
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Antonescu (Mintas) AI, Miere (Groza) F, Fritea L, Ganea M, Zdrinca M, Dobjanschi L, Antonescu A, Vicas SI, Bodog F, Sindhu RK, Cavalu S. Perspectives on the Combined Effects of Ocimum basilicum and Trifolium pratense Extracts in Terms of Phytochemical Profile and Pharmacological Effects. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071390. [PMID: 34371593 PMCID: PMC8309466 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the tendency in pharmaceutical and food industries is to replace synthetic antioxidants with the natural ones. For this reason, there is a growing interest in analyzing natural, healthy and non-toxic additives as potential antioxidants. Some plants, which contain high levels of phenolic compounds, present an increasing interest for medicine due to their ability to scavenge free radicals, along with other pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial activity, wound healing and anti-inflammatory effect, to mention only a few. The aim of this review is to explore the therapeutic potential of Ocimum basilicum and Trifolium pratense in relation with their phytochemical profile and to highlight the pharmacological activity of aqueous or ethanol extracts. Special attention was devoted to the dermal pathology and wound healing effects, in the context of multiple skin conditions such as acne, eczema boils, psoriasis and rashes. Additionally, both extracts (Trifolium sp. and Ocimum sp.) are characterized by high content of antioxidant compounds, which are responsible for the radiance and resistance of the skin and slowing down of the aging process by maintaining estrogen levels. Moreover, the potential combined effect of the mixed extract is pointed out in terms of future applications for wound healing, based on some preliminary results obtained from a “scratch tests” assay performed with respect to human dermal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea-Ina Antonescu (Mintas)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Doctoral School of Biomedical Science, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Florina Miere (Groza)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.Z.); (L.D.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Luminita Fritea
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.Z.); (L.D.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Mariana Ganea
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.Z.); (L.D.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Mihaela Zdrinca
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.Z.); (L.D.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Luciana Dobjanschi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.Z.); (L.D.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Angela Antonescu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.Z.); (L.D.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Simona Ioana Vicas
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 26 Gen. Magheru Street, 410048 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Florin Bodog
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.Z.); (L.D.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Rakesh K. Sindhu
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India;
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.Z.); (L.D.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
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19
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Patel M, Lee R, Merchant EV, Juliani HR, Simon JE, Tepper BJ. Descriptive aroma profiles of fresh sweet basil cultivars (Ocimum spp.): Relationship to volatile chemical composition. J Food Sci 2021; 86:3228-3239. [PMID: 34160060 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have linked sensory descriptions of the aroma profiles of fresh, sweet basil varieties with their volatile chemistry. Using a recently developed lexicon for fresh basil, a descriptive panel characterized the aroma profiles of seven basil varieties. Chemical analysis of fresh basil leaves was performed using GC-MS headspace analysis. Analysis of variance probed for differences in the sensory attributes among varieties and principal component analysis (PCA) related the sensory profiles to volatile chemical composition. Three commercial specialty basils, "Queenette Thai" (QT), "Sweet-Dani" (SD) lemon basil, and MC-9 (cinnamon basil) had strong anise, lemon, and cinnamon-like aromas, respectively. These basils were distinguished from breeding lines of traditional Italian sweet basils where SB-22, CB-1, and CB-39 exhibited strong anise-like aroma and SB-17 had strong "general spice" aromas, characteristic of a warm spice blend. The PCA accounted for 58.7% of the variation in the data and characterized the samples in two dimensions: general spice-citrus and cinnamon-like-anise. There was a strong correspondence between the sensory attributes and volatile chemical composition. SD associated with lemon aroma and citral content; QT, CB-1, and CB-39 associated with anise aroma and methyl chavicol; and MC-9 associated with the cinnamon-like aroma, methyl cinnamate. SB-17 and SB-22 associated with general spice aroma and were in close proximity to the spice-like volatiles, 1,8 cineole, and eugenol, associated with clove aroma. We constructed precise sensory/chemical profiles for fresh basil aroma that can be used to guide breeding programs for variety improvement to meet consumer expectations or market demand. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Sweet basil aroma is due to a complex array of several aromatic volatile compounds. The presence, concentration, and the particular ratios in which these aroma compounds accumulate significantly impact the sensory attributes. Understanding aroma profiles for fresh basil have practical applications in product development, procurement, food preparation, ethnic cuisine, and processing. Plant genetics and breeding of aroma profiles can be used and incorporated in plant improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Patel
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Rachel Lee
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Emily V Merchant
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Center for Agricultural Food Ecosystems, The New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - H Rodolfo Juliani
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jame E Simon
- Center for Sensory Science & Innovation, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Center for Agricultural Food Ecosystems, The New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Beverly J Tepper
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Center for Sensory Science & Innovation, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Luhmer K, Schulze-Kaysers N, Feuereisen M, Wirth L, Maretzky F, Wüst M, Blum H, Dörr E, Pude R. Fatty Acid Composition, Tocopherols, Volatile Compounds, and Sensory Evaluation of Low Morphine Yielding Varieties of Poppy ( Papaver somniferum L.) Seeds and Oils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3439-3451. [PMID: 33722000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low morphine yielding winter ('Zeno Morphex') and summer ('Viola', 'Mieszko', 'Borowski') poppy varieties were investigated for their chemical composition and sensory properties. The oil content of the 13 seed samples as well as that of fatty acids, tocopherols, and volatile compounds in the respective oils were determined, and the sensory profiles of the seeds and oils were established. Linoleic acid made up 70.7-75.2% of the fatty acids. High amounts of γ-tocopherol were detected, especially in variety 'Viola' (287 ± 34 mg kg-1), while δ-tocopherol was only present in 'Zeno Morphex' (3.9 ± 0.6 mg kg-1). The most abundant volatiles were caproic acid (1.4-148 μg g-1), hexanal (0.9-15.2 μg g-1), 1-hexanol (0.3-20.1 μg g-1), limonene (1.3-9.4 μg g-1), and 2-pentylfuran (1.0-7.8 μg g-1). The sensory panel distinguished samples in particular by fatty/oily, rancid, sweet, and green attributes, the green aroma being correlated to three methoxypyrazines only present in summer poppies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Luhmer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation-Renewable Resources, Bonn University, Klein-Altendorf 2, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Nadine Schulze-Kaysers
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Science-Molecular Food Technology, Bonn University, Endenicher Allee 19b, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michelle Feuereisen
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Science-Molecular Food Technology, Bonn University, Endenicher Allee 19b, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Wirth
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Science-Food Chemistry, Bonn University, Endenicher Allee 19b, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Fabian Maretzky
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Science-Food Chemistry, Bonn University, Endenicher Allee 19b, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Wüst
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Science-Food Chemistry, Bonn University, Endenicher Allee 19b, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hanna Blum
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation-Renewable Resources, Bonn University, Klein-Altendorf 2, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Elisa Dörr
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Science-Molecular Food Technology, Bonn University, Endenicher Allee 19b, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ralf Pude
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation-Renewable Resources, Bonn University, Klein-Altendorf 2, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
- Field Lab Campus Klein-Altendorf, Bonn University, Klein-Altendorf 2, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
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21
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Mironescu M, Georgescu C. Comparative analysis and antimicrobial action of some essential oils from plants. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, essential oils (EOs) were extracted through steaming from aerial parts of three plants: basil (Ocinum basilicum L.), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) form Sibiu County, Romania. The GC-MS analysis indicated that eugenol and apiol were the major compounds in the basil EO. Timol, ɣ-terpinene, and p-cymene were the major compounds in the volatile oil extracted from oregano and menthol and methone the main components in the peppermint EO. In the first 48 h of analysis, basil EO inhibition action was the highest against Salmonella anatum (48%), followed by Aspergillus niger (26%), Bacillus cereus (21%) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (15%); this action was maintained for 120 h for all samples. In the first 48 h, the peppermint EO showed the highest inhibition rate (50%) on B. cereus, followed by A. niger (45%), S. cerevisiae (20%) and no action against Salmonella; this action varied after 72h and 120 h by slightly increasing in case of B. cereus, strongly decreasing in case of A. niger and remaining constant in case of S. cerevisiae. Oregano EO showed a very small antimicrobial action, only on S. anatum (12%) and this action was maintained for 120 h.
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22
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Yoshikawa M, Okano Y, Masaki H. An Ocimum basilicum Extract Containing Rosmarinic Acid Restores the Disruption of Collagen Fibers Caused by Repetitive UVA Irradiation of Dermal Fibroblasts. J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:1487-1495. [PMID: 33055443 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoaged skin is characterized by the appearance of pigmented spots such as solar lentigos, deep wrinkles and sags, and progresses due to chronic sun exposure. Among the wavelengths of sunlight, UVA is responsible for the appearance of wrinkles and sags that originate from structural alterations in the dermis of photoaged skin such as the depletion of collagen fibers. Thus, improving and restoring collagen fibers is an effective approach to reduce skin photoaging and maintain a youthful appearance. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of an extract of Ocimum basilicum (OC), which contains rosmarinic acid (RA), as an anti-photoaging material focusing on the capacity to restore collagen fibers that are disrupted due to intracellular oxidative stress. In spite of their relatively low capacities for chemical scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), both OC and RA showed efficient removal of biological oxidative stress by reducing levels of intracellular ROS and carbonylated proteins (CPs) in fibroblasts following exposure to single or repetitive UVA irradiations. Fibroblasts irradiated with repetitive UVA as a model for chronic sun-exposed cells showed significant increases in matrix metalloproteinase-1 and decreases in type I collagen synthesis and formed reduced numbers of collagen fibers. Since both OC and RA restored the adverse phenomena caused by repetitive UVA irradiation, we conclude that OC containing RA is an effective anti-photoaging material.
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23
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Zheljazkov VD, Sikora V, Semerdjieva IB, Kačániová M, Astatkie T, Dincheva I. Grinding and Fractionation during Distillation Alter Hemp Essential Oil Profile and Its Antimicrobial Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:E3943. [PMID: 32872359 PMCID: PMC7504750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis of this study was that we can modify the essential oil (EO) profile of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and obtain fractions with differential composition and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effects of grinding of hemp biomass before EO extraction and fractionation during distillation on EO profile and antimicrobial activity. The study generated a several EO fractions with a diversity of chemical profile and antimicrobial activity. The highest concentrations of β-pinene and myrcene in the EO can be obtained in the 5-10 min distillation time (DT) of ground material or in the 80-120 min DT of nonground material. High δ-3-carene and limonene EO can be obtained from 0-5 min DT fraction of nonground material. High eucalyptol EO can be sampled either in the 0-5 min DT of the ground material or in the 80-120 min of nonground material. Overall, the highest concentrations of β-caryophyllene, α-(E)-bergamotene, (Z)-β-farnesene, α-humulene, caryophyllenyl alcohol, germacrene D-4-ol, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, humulene epoxide 2, β-bisabolol, α-bisabolol, sesquiterpenes, and cannabidiol (CBD) can be obtained when EO is sampled in the 80-120 min DT and the material is nonground. Monoterpenes in the hemp EO can be increased twofold to 85% by grinding the material prior to distillation and collecting the EO in the first 10 min. However, grinding resulted in a slight but significant decrease in the CBD concentration of the EO. CBD-rich oil can be produced by collecting at 120-180 min DT. Different EO fractions had differential antimicrobial activity. The highest antimicrobial activity of EO fraction was found against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus. THC-free EO can be obtained if the EO distillation is limited to 120 min. The results can be utilized by the hemp processing industry and by companies developing new hemp EO-infused products, including perfumery, cosmetics, dietary supplements, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Crop and Soil Science Department, 3050 SW Campus Way, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Vladimir Sikora
- Institute for Field and Vegetable Crops, Alternative Crops and Organic Production Department, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Ivanka B. Semerdjieva
- Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Faculty of Agronomy, Agricultural University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Department of Fruit Science, Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic;
- Department of Bioenergetics and Food Analysis, Institution of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, Cwiklinskiej 1, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- Plant Genetic Research Group, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 “Dragan Tsankov” Blvd, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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Al-Subhi L, Ibrahim Waly M. Two Cultivars of <i>Ocimum basilicum</i> Leaves Extracts Attenuate Streptozotocin-mediated Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:1010-1017. [PMID: 32700851 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1010.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Leaves of basil plant (Ocimum basilicum) are often used for medicinal purposes because of their bioactive constituents, yet the antioxidant properties of this plant are not fully studied in the field of diabetes. The present study investigated the antioxidant property and anti-diabetic effect of two basil cultivars of Ocimum basilicum, 'Italian Genovese' and 'Thyrsiflora', in a Streptozotocin (STZ) rat model of diabetes . MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty adult Sprague Dawley rats (n = 10/group) were divided into 6 groups: Three non-diabetic and three diabetic groups that either did not receive any supplementation or were supplemented with the leaves extract of one or the other cultivar. After 13 weeks of feeding, all rats were sacrificed, pancreatic tissues were homogenized and used for evaluating oxidative DNA damage and dichlorofluorescein fluorescence (DCF) assay. Blood was collected for the measurements of glucose and insulin. RESULTS The STZ caused oxidative stress in the diabetic group as evidenced by an increase in oxidative DNA damage and also caused DCF production in pancreatic tissues as compared to non-diabetic groups, (p<0.05). The STZ treatment resulted in hyperglycemia and low serum insulin level in diabetic rats. Supplementation with extracts of 'Italian Genovese' and 'Thyrsiflora' to the diabetic groups significantly abrogated the STZ-mediated effects (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The results indicated that the extracts from the leaves of the two examined basil cultivars act as potent antioxidants and combat the STZ-mediated diabetogenic effect.
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25
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Application of Super Absorbent Polymer and Plant Mucilage Improved Essential Oil Quantity and Quality of Ocimum basilicum var. Keshkeni Luvelou. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112503. [PMID: 32481510 PMCID: PMC7321180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major factors limiting the production of medicinal plants in arid and semi-arid areas is water deficit or drought stress. One-third of the land in the world is arid and semi-arid and is inhabited by nearly 4 × 108 people. Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil) is a valuable medicinal plant that is sensitive to water deficit, and water shortage negatively affects sweet basil yield and quality. Water availability in the root zone of basil could ameliorate the negative effects of water shortage. To the best of our knowledge, although the effects of hydrophilic polymers (HPs) have been studied in different agricultural crops, the effects of HP application in medicinal plants have not been previously investigated. This investigation was conducted to explore the effects on water use efficiency when using Stockosorb® (STS) and psyllium seed mucilage (PSM) as hydrophilic polymers (HPs) and the effects of these HPs on essential oil quality, quantity, and yield. The research was set up in a factorial experiment on the basis of completely randomized block design with three replications. We used two HPs, STS (industrial) and PSM (herbal), with two methods of application (mixed with soil, mixed with soil + root) at four concentrations (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% (w/w)). Results showed that the STS and PSM significantly increased the dry herb yield (both shoot and root) in comparison to the control, and the improving effect was higher when these HPs were mixed with soil + root. The highest dry herb yield (6.74 and 3.68 g/plant for shoot and root, respectively) was detected in the PSM at 0.1% mixed with soil + root. There was not any significant difference in dry herb yield among PSM (0.1%), PSM (0.2%), and STS (0.2%) when mixed with soil + root. Soil application of PSM and soil + root application of STS at a concentration of 0.3% increased the Essential Oil (EO) content almost three-fold in comparison to the control (0.5% and 0.52% to 0.18% v/w, respectively). The maximum essential oil yield was recorded in plants treated with STS (0.2% in) or PSM (0.1%) by soil + root application (0.21 and 0.19 mL/plant, respectively). PSM at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.2% (mixed with soil + root) showed the highest water use efficiency (1.91 and 1.82 g dry weight (DW)/L H2O, respectively). STS mixed with soil also significantly improved water use efficiency (WUE) in comparison to the control. The application of these HPs improved the quality of sweet basil essential oil by increasing the linalool and decreasing the eugenol, epi-α-cadinol, and trans-α-bergamotene content.
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26
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Auezova L, Najjar A, Kfoury M, Fourmentin S, Greige‐Gerges H. Antibacterial activity of free or encapsulated selected phenylpropanoids against
Escherichia coli
and
Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 128:710-720. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Auezova
- Bioactive Molecules Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences, Section II Lebanese University Beirut Lebanon
| | - A. Najjar
- Bioactive Molecules Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences, Section II Lebanese University Beirut Lebanon
| | - M. Kfoury
- Bioactive Molecules Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences, Section II Lebanese University Beirut Lebanon
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV) EA 4492 SFR Condorcet FR CNRS3417 Université du Littoral‐Côte d'Opale Dunkerque France
| | - S. Fourmentin
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV) EA 4492 SFR Condorcet FR CNRS3417 Université du Littoral‐Côte d'Opale Dunkerque France
| | - H. Greige‐Gerges
- Bioactive Molecules Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences, Section II Lebanese University Beirut Lebanon
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Kiferle C, Ascrizzi R, Martinelli M, Gonzali S, Mariotti L, Pistelli L, Flamini G, Perata P. Effect of Iodine treatments on Ocimum basilicum L.: Biofortification, phenolics production and essential oil composition. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226559. [PMID: 31841559 PMCID: PMC6913995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodine biofortification has been gaining interest in recent years as a sustainable and innovative approach to eradicate iodine deficiency disorders. Studying the impact of iodine biofortification on plant phenotype, biochemical and physiological parameters is crucial to leverage the expertise and best practices for the agro-food industry and human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate iodine biofortification on the main quantitative and qualitative traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants cultivated both in open field and in growth chamber. The impact of KI and KIO3 treatments was evaluated on biomass production, as well as on the synthesis of phenolic compounds, especially rosmarinic acid and other caffeic acid derivatives, and on the essential oil (EO) composition. These compounds are typically accumulated in basil leaves and strongly contribute to the plant nutraceutical value and aroma. In open field, the use of increasing concentrations of both iodine salts gradually enhanced iodine accumulation in leaves, also determining an increase of the antioxidant power, total phenolics, rosmarinic acid and cinnamic acid accumulation. The composition of EO was only slightly affected by the treatments, as all the samples were characterized by a linalool chemotype and a minor alteration in their relative content was observed. A growth chamber experiment was performed to test EO variation in controlled conditions, broadening the range of iodine concentrations. In this case, plant chemotype was significantly affected by the treatments and large EO variability was observed, suggesting that iodine form and concentration can potentially influence the EO composition but that in open field this effect is overcome by environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Ascrizzi
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Mariotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Pistelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Flamini
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
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In Vitro Antidiabetic, Anti-Obesity and Antioxidant Analysis of Ocimum basilicum Aerial Biomass and in Silico Molecular Docking Simulations with Alpha-Amylase and Lipase Enzymes. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8040092. [PMID: 31817095 PMCID: PMC6955989 DOI: 10.3390/biology8040092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored phytochemicals, porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA) and lipase (PPL) inhibitory activities and antioxidant potential of polar and nonpolar extracts of the leaves and flowers of Ocimum basilicum and the in-silico mode of interaction between these enzymes and the major chemical constituents of the herb. The hexane extract (HE) and hydro-ethanolic extract (EE) obtained sequentially were used to estimate PPA and PPL inhibitory and antioxidant activities, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Chemical constituents of the essential oils and HE were determined by GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). For PPA inhibition, IC50 (µg/mL) of the extracts were 0.27-0.37, which were close to 0.24 of acarbose, while for PPL inhibition, IC50 (µg/mL) of the extracts were 278.40-399.65, and that of Orlistat 145.72. The flowers EE was most potent antioxidant followed by leaves EE. The leaves EE had highest TPC and TFC followed of flowers EE. The essential oil of flowers had higher estragole (55%) than linalool (37%), while the essential oil of the leaves had higher linalool (42%) than estragole (38%). The HE of the flowers contained higher estragole (42%) than linalool (23%), while of the HE of the leaves too had higher estragole (65%) than linalool (18%). The in-silico molecular docking study showed linalool and estragole to have considerable PPA and PPL binding potential, which were further investigated through molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations. The PPA and PPL inhibitory activities of O. basilicum extracts and their notable antioxidant potential propose the herb as a multi-target complimentary medicine for diabetes, obesity and oxidative stress.
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29
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Erkoç T, Sevgili LM, Çavuş S. Liquid−Liquid Extraction of Linalool from Methyl Eugenol with 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate [EMIM][HSO4] Ionic Liquid. OPEN CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2019-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for a ternary system {methyl eugenol + linalool +1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [EMIM][HSO4]} (Meu-Lin-IL) were measured at 298.2 K and atmospheric pressure. The Othmer–Tobias correlation was used to verify the reliability of the experimental tie-line data. The solubility curves were obtained using the cloud point titration indicating the liquid-liquid equilibrium of the ternary system was in Type II class where two immiscible curve pairs were attained. Distribution coefficients, separation factors and selectivity were calculated for the immiscibility regions. The calculated results were compared with the experimental data. Characterization studies were performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Erkoç
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 34320 Avcilar, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Lutfullah M. Sevgili
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 34320 Avcilar, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Selva Çavuş
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 34320 Avcilar, İstanbul, Turkey
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Wang Q, Guo M, Adu-Frimpong M, Zhang K, Yang Q, Toreniyazov E, Ji H, Xu X, Cao X, Yu J. Self-Micro-Emulsifying Controlled Release of Eugenol Pellets: Preparation, In vitro/In vivo Investigation in Beagle Dogs. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:284. [PMID: 31407165 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This report aimed to formulate self-micro-emulsifying (SMEDDS) controlled-release pellets delivery system to improve aqueous solubility and in vivo availability of eugenol, a main constituent of clove oil with multiple pharmacological activities. The optimal formulation of eugenol-SMEDDS was eugenol: ethyl oleate: cremophor EL: 1, 2-propylene glycol at the ratio of 5:5:12:8. The SMEDDS were observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the size distribution was measured with dynamic laser light scatting (DLS). The particle size, index of dispersity (PDI), and zeta potential (Z-potential) were 68.8 ± 0.1 nm, 0.285 ± 0.031, and - 11.62 ± 0.63 mV, respectively. Eugenol-SMEDDS exhibited substantial increased in vitro dissolution compared with the free eugenol. The eugenol-SMEDDS sustained-release pellets (eugenol-SMEDDS-SR pellets) comprising of eugenol-SMEDDS, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and ethyl cellulose (EC) coats were obtained via extrusion spheronization technique. Consequently, the obtained pellets observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed spherical shape with smooth surface, desirable drug loading capacity (7.18 ± 0.17%), greater stability, and controlled release. Meanwhile, the oral test showed that bioavailability of eugenol in pellets was highly improved 23.6-fold to the free eugenol. Overall, these results suggested that the improvement of the oral bioavailability of eugenol-SMEDDS-SR could be due to the successful incorporation of the drug into SMEDDS.
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31
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Raina AP, Gupta V. Chemotypic characterization of diversity in essential oil composition of Ocimum species and varieties from India. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2018.1495109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Archana P. Raina
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Veena Gupta
- Division of Germplasm Conservation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
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Li J, Liu H, Wang C, Yang J, Han G. Stable isotope labeling-assisted GC/MS/MS method for determination of methyleugenol in food samples. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:3485-3491. [PMID: 29314056 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methyleugenol is a common phenylpropanoid compound found in many plants and has been widely used as a flavoring agent in people's daily life. In this study, a stable isotope dilution assay-coupled gas chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (SIDA-GC/MS/MS) method was developed for the quantitative determination of methyleugenol in food samples. Methyleugenol-D3 was synthesized and used as an isotope internal standard for the determination of methyleugenol. The QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) method was applied to the clean-up of food sample extracts. Confirmation and quantification were carried out by GC/MS/MS. RESULTS The analytical performance of the method was validated. The determination range of methyleugenol was linear from 4 to 500 µg L-1 . Method detection limits for solid food samples, semi-solid food samples and liquid beverages were 50, 50 and 1 µg kg-1 respectively. Satisfactory recoveries in the range 94.29-100.27% were obtained. Intra- and inter-day precision was also validated and the values were all lower than 9%. The method was successfully applied to quantify methyleugenol in different kinds of food samples. CONCLUSION This article describes a new method for the accurate quantification of methyleugenol in food samples based on a stable isotope labeling-assisted GC/MS/MS method. Methyleugenol-D3 was synthesized and used as an isotope internal standard for the determination of methyleugenol. Excellent results were generated with the method, and the detection sensitivity and accuracy of the method were good. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Li
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoying Wang
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jien Yang
- College of Physics and Materials Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Xinxiang, China
| | - Gang Han
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Sestili P, Ismail T, Calcabrini C, Guescini M, Catanzaro E, Turrini E, Layla A, Akhtar S, Fimognari C. The potential effects of Ocimum basilicum on health: a review of pharmacological and toxicological studies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:679-692. [PMID: 29865879 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1484450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Basil (Ocimum basilicum L., OB) is a plant world widely used as a spice and a typical ingredient of the healthy Mediterranean diet. In traditional medicine, OB is indicated for many maladies and conditions; OB-containing nutritional supplements are increasingly sold. Conversely, safety concerns have been raised about the promutagens and procarcinogens alkenylbenzenes contained in OB. Areas covered: A critical review of the current status of OB as a nutraceutical, the pharmacology of its bioactive components, the rationale for its indications, and its safety. Expert opinion: Due to the polyphenolic and flavonoidic content, OB can be considered as an important ingredient in healthy diets; OB preparations may be effective as chemopreventive agents or adjunctive therapy in the treatment of different clinical conditions. From a toxicological perspective, since the tumorigenic potential of alkenylbenzenes is counteracted by other OB constituents such as nevadensin, it can be concluded that OB consumption in food and preparations is safe. The only concern relates to OB essential oils: in this case, a concentration limit for alkenylbenzenes should be precautionary defined, and the use of plant chemotypes with no or low levels of these alkylbenzenes for the preparation of essential oils should be made compulsory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Sestili
- a Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino Carlo Bo , Urbino (PU) , Italy
| | - Tariq Ismail
- b Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Punjab , Pakistan
| | - Cinzia Calcabrini
- c Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini (RN) , Italy
| | - Michele Guescini
- a Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino Carlo Bo , Urbino (PU) , Italy
| | - Elena Catanzaro
- c Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini (RN) , Italy
| | - Eleonora Turrini
- c Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini (RN) , Italy
| | - Anam Layla
- b Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Punjab , Pakistan
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- b Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Punjab , Pakistan
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- c Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini (RN) , Italy
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Oyouni AAA, Saggu S, Tousson E, Rehman H. Immunosuppressant drug tacrolimus induced mitochondrial nephrotoxicity, modified PCNA and Bcl-2 expression attenuated by Ocimum basilicum L. in CD1 mice. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:687-694. [PMID: 30003047 PMCID: PMC6041355 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tacrolimus (TAC) is used sporadically as an immunosuppressive agent for organ transplantation, but its clinical used is limited due to its marked nephrotoxicity. Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) (OB) had been shown to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and nephroprotective activity, and effective at improving renal inflammation and glomerular. In our study, we aim to evaluate the efficacy of the OB against TAC-induced mitochondrial nephrotoxicity in CD1 mice. Mice were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 (control group); administered orally with normal saline (1 mL/kg) for two weeks; Group 2 (OB extract treated-group) (500 mg/kg b.wt) gavaged once/day for two weeks; Group 3 (TAC-treated group) (3 mg/kg b.wt, administered ip once a day for two weeks); and Group 4; (TAC plus OB extract treated-group). Tacrolimus-induced nephrotoxicity was assessed biochemically and histopathologically. The OB extract was high in phenolic content (50.3 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent), total flavonoids (14.5 mg/g CE equivalent). The potential antioxidant efficacy of the extract (IC50) was 24.5 μg/mL. OB pretreatment significantly improved the TAC-induced changes in biochemical markers of nephrotoxicity for instance blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, total protein, and albumin (P < 0.01, when compared with TAC treated group). Also, it significantly restored the increase activities of TBARS, protein carbonyl (PC) (P < 0.001, when compared to healthy control group) and decreased activities of nonprotein thiol (NP-SH) levels, Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) antioxidants of mitochondria. The nephroprotective efficacy of the OB leaves extract was further evident by histopathological analysis together with the PCNA-ir and Bcl2. The upshot of the present study revealed that the OB possessed significant antioxidant and nephroprotective activity and had a preventive effect on the biochemical alterations and histological changes in TAC-treated mice.
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Key Words
- ABC, Avidin-Biotin- Peroxidase
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- Bcl-2
- DNPH, dinitrophenylhydrazine
- DPPH, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- EOBPV, Egyptian Organization for Biological Products and Vaccines
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, glutathione
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- H2O2, hydrogenperoxide
- IAEC, Institutional Animals Ethics Committee
- IC, inhibitory concentration
- Ip, intraperitoneal
- Mn-SOD, Mn-superoxide dismutase
- NP-SH, nonprotein thiol
- Nephrotoxicity
- OB, Ocimum basilicum
- OPA, orthophosphoric acid
- Ocimum basilicum
- PC, protein carbonyl
- PCNA
- PCNA-ir, proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunoreactivity
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TAC, tacroliums
- Tacrolimus
- mLPO, mitochondrial lipid peroxidation
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shalini Saggu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Tousson
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Hasibur Rehman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
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Freitas JVB, Alves Filho EG, Silva LMA, Zocolo GJ, de Brito ES, Gramosa NV. Chemometric analysis of NMR and GC datasets for chemotype characterization of essential oils from different species of Ocimum. Talanta 2018; 180:329-336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Supercritical CO2 Extracts and Volatile Oil of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Comparison with Conventional Methods. SEPARATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/separations5020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Pourhosseini SH, Hadian J, Sonboli A, Nejad Ebrahimi S, Mirjalili MH. Genetic and Chemical Diversity in Perovskia abrotanoides Kar. (Lamiaceae) Populations Based on ISSRs Markers and Essential Oils Profile. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1700508. [PMID: 29350879 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and the essential oil composition variability among twelve Perovskia abrotanoides populations (PAbPs) growing wild in Iran were assessed by ISSR markers, GC-FID and GC/MS, respectively. Nine selected ISSR primers produced 119 discernible bands, of them 96 (80.7%) being polymorphic. Genetic similarity values among populations ranged between 0.07 and 0.79 which indicated a high level of genetic variation. Polymorphic information content, resolving power and marker index generated by ISSR primers were, 0.31, 6.14, and 3.32, respectively. UPGMA grouped PAbPs into four main clusters. Altogether, 38 chemical compounds were identified in the oils, and a relatively high variation in their contents was found. Camphor (11.9 - 27.5%), 1,8-cineole (11.3 - 21.3%), α-bisabolol (0.0 - 13.1%), α-pinene (5.9 - 10.8%), and δ-3-carene (0.1 - 10.5%) were the major compounds. Oxygenated monoterpenes (32.1 - 35.8%) and monoterpene hydrocarbons (25.7 - 30.4%) were the main groups of compounds in the oils studied. Cluster analysis and principal-component analysis were used to characterize the samples according to oil components. Four main chemotypes were found to be Chemotype I (camphor/1,8-cineol), Chemotype II (1,8-cineole/camphor), Chemotype III (camphor/1,8-cineol/α-bisabolol), and Chemotype IV (camphor/δ-3-carene/α-bisabolol). The information, provided here on P. abrotanoides populations, will be useful to introduce this plant into agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Hossein Pourhosseini
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Hadian
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sonboli
- Department of Biology, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Nejad Ebrahimi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
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Mendi AH, Gökçınar Yağcı B, Sarac N, Kızıloğlu M, Yılmaz D, Uçkan D. Effect of Ocimum basilicum on mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation: Does the effect change according to niches? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2017. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.356244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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39
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Raina AP, Misra RC. Chemo-divergence in essential oil composition among germplasm collection of fiveOcimumspecies from eastern coastal plains of India. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2017.1371087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Archana P. Raina
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - R. C. Misra
- Regional Station ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Cuttack, India
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Sevgili LM, Gök A, Kayman Ü, Çavuş S. Swelling behaviors of poly(dodecyl methacrylate-co-methyl eugenol) and poly(dodecyl methacrylate-co-methyl chavicol) gels in essential oil components. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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41
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Tshilanda DD, Babady PB, Onyamboko DNV, Tshiongo CMT, Tshibangu DST, Ngbolua KTN, Tsalu PV, Mpiana PT. Chemo-type of essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. from DR Congo and relative in vitro antioxidant potential to the polarity of crude extracts. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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42
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Franklyne JS, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N. Essential oil micro- and nanoemulsions: promising roles in antimicrobial therapy targeting human pathogens. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 63:322-334. [PMID: 27542872 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major health concern worldwide. A narrowing of the antibiotic development pipeline and a resurgence in public opinion towards 'natural' therapies have renewed the interest in using essential oils as antimicrobial agents. The drawbacks of bulk dosing of essential oils can be mitigated by formulating them as micro- and nanoemulsions. These emulsions have an added advantage as they are in the nanometre size range whose thermodynamic properties enable them to be used as an effective drug delivery system. This review describes the current work on the antimicrobial activities of essential oil micro- and nanoemulsions and their role as drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Franklyne
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Kalily E, Hollander A, Korin B, Cymerman I, Yaron S. Mechanisms of resistance to linalool inSalmonellaSenftenberg and their role in survival on basil. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:3673-3688. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kalily
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering; and The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa Israel
| | - Amit Hollander
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering; and The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa Israel
| | - Ben Korin
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering; and The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa Israel
| | - Itamar Cymerman
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering; and The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa Israel
| | - Sima Yaron
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering; and The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa Israel
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Guan Y, Wu J, Zhong Q. Eugenol improves physical and chemical stabilities of nanoemulsions loaded with β-carotene. Food Chem 2016; 194:787-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Zheljazkov VD, Shiwakoti S, Jeliazkova EA, Astatkie T. Chemical Profile and Bioactivity of Essential Oil Fractions as a Function of Distillation Time. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2016-1218.ch010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Columbia Agricultural Research Station, Oregon State University, 48037 Tubbs Ranch Road, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, Oregon 97801, United States
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
- Present Address: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Ph:
| | - Santosh Shiwakoti
- Columbia Agricultural Research Station, Oregon State University, 48037 Tubbs Ranch Road, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, Oregon 97801, United States
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
- Present Address: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Ph:
| | - Ekaterina A. Jeliazkova
- Columbia Agricultural Research Station, Oregon State University, 48037 Tubbs Ranch Road, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, Oregon 97801, United States
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
- Present Address: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Ph:
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Columbia Agricultural Research Station, Oregon State University, 48037 Tubbs Ranch Road, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, Oregon 97801, United States
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
- Present Address: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Ph:
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Azizkhani M, Tooryan F, Azizkhani M. Inhibitory Potential of S
alvia sclarea
and O
cimum basilicum
against Chemical and Microbial Spoilage in Cheese. J Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Azizkhani
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Amol University of Special Modern Technologies; Amol Iran
| | - Fahimeh Tooryan
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Amol University of Special Modern Technologies; Amol Iran
| | - Mohammad Azizkhani
- Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil isolated from Omani basil (Ocimum basilicum Linn.). ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Azizkhani M, Parsaeimehr M. Effects ofCinnamomum zeylanicum and Ocimum basilicumessential oils on the growth ofStaphylococcus aureusATCC 29213 and gene expression of enterotoxins A, C and E. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2015.1065774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Murugan K, Aarthi N, Kovendan K, Panneerselvam C, Chandramohan B, Kumar PM, Amerasan D, Paulpandi M, Chandirasekar R, Dinesh D, Suresh U, Subramaniam J, Higuchi A, Alarfaj AA, Nicoletti M, Mehlhorn H, Benelli G. Mosquitocidal and antiplasmodial activity of Senna occidentalis (Cassiae) and Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae) from Maruthamalai hills against Anopheles stephensi and Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:3657-64. [PMID: 26122992 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Each year, mosquito-borne diseases infect nearly 700 million people, resulting to more than 1 million deaths. In this study, we evaluated the larvicidal, pupicidal, and smoke toxicity of Senna occidentalis and Ocimum basilicum leaf extracts against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi. Furthermore, the antiplasmodial activity of plant extracts was evaluated against chloroquine (CQ)-resistant (CQ-r) and CQ-sensitive (CQ-s) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. In larvicidal and pupicidal experiments, S. occidentalis LC50 ranged from 31.05 (I instar larvae) to 75.15 ppm (pupae), and O. basilicum LC50 ranged from 29.69 (I instar larvae) to 69 ppm (pupae). Smoke toxicity experiments conducted against adults showed that S. occidentalis and O. basilicum coils evoked mortality rates comparable to the pyrethrin-based positive control (38, 52, and 42%, respectively). In antiplasmodial assays, Senna occidentalis 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) were 48.80 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 54.28 μg/ml (CQ-r), while O. basilicum IC50 were 68.14 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 67.27 μg/ml (CQ-r). Overall, these botanicals could be considered as potential sources of metabolites to build newer and safer malaria control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadarkarai Murugan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
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Handheld Raman Spectroscopy for the Distinction of Essential Oils Used in the Cosmetics Industry. COSMETICS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics2020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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