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Koppula S, Wankhede NL, Sammeta SS, Shende PV, Pawar RS, Chimthanawala N, Umare MD, Taksande BG, Upaganlawar AB, Umekar MJ, Kopalli SR, Kale MB. Modulation of cholesterol metabolism with Phytoremedies in Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102389. [PMID: 38906182 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurological ailment that causes cognitive decline and memory loss. Cholesterol metabolism dysregulation has emerged as a crucial element in AD pathogenesis, contributing to the formation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and tau tangles, the disease's hallmark neuropathological characteristics. Thus, targeting cholesterol metabolism has gained attention as a potential therapeutic method for Alzheimer's disease. Phytoremedies, which are generated from plants and herbs, have shown promise as an attainable therapeutic option for Alzheimer's disease. These remedies contain bioactive compounds like phytochemicals, flavonoids, and polyphenols, which have demonstrated potential in modulating cholesterol metabolism and related pathways. This comprehensive review explores the modulation of cholesterol metabolism by phytoremedies in AD. It delves into the role of cholesterol in brain function, highlighting disruptions observed in AD. Additionally, it examines the underlying molecular mechanisms of cholesterol-related pathology in AD. The review emphasizes the significance of phytoremedies as a potential therapeutic intervention for AD. It discusses the drawbacks of current treatments and the need for alternative strategies addressing cholesterol dysregulation and its consequences. Through an in-depth analysis of specific phytoremedies, the review presents compelling evidence of their potential benefits. Molecular mechanisms underlying phytoremedy effects on cholesterol metabolism are examined, including regulation of cholesterol-related pathways, interactions with Aβ pathology, influence on tau pathology, and anti-inflammatory effects. The review also highlights challenges and future perspectives, emphasizing standardization, clinical evidence, and personalized medicine approaches to maximize therapeutic potential in AD treatment. Overall, phytoremedies offer promise as a potential avenue for AD management, but further research and collaboration are necessary to fully explore their efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushruta Koppula
- College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-Si, Chungcheongbuk Do 27478, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nitu L Wankhede
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India.
| | - Shivkumar S Sammeta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
| | - Prajwali V Shende
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India.
| | - Rupali S Pawar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India.
| | | | - Mohit D Umare
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India.
| | - Brijesh G Taksande
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India.
| | - Aman B Upaganlawar
- SNJB's Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Nashik, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Milind J Umekar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India.
| | - Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mayur B Kale
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India.
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Bai X, Wang S, Shu L, Cao Q, Hu H, Zhu Y, Chen C. Hawthorn leaf flavonoids alleviate the deterioration of atherosclerosis by inhibiting SCAP-SREBP2-LDLR pathway through sPLA2-ⅡA signaling in macrophages in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 327:118006. [PMID: 38442806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hawthorn leaves are a combination of the dried leaves of the Rosaceae plants, i.e., Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. or Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N. E. Br., is primarily cultivated in East Asia, North America, and Europe. hawthorn leaf flavonoids (HLF) are the main part of extraction. The HLF have demonstrated potential in preventing hypertension, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. However, the potential pharmacological mechanism behind its anti-atherosclerotic effect has yet to be explored. AIM OF THE STUDY The in vivo and in vitro effects of HLF on lipid-mediated foam cell formation were investigated, with a specific focus on the levels of secreted phospholipase A2 type IIA (sPLA2-II A) in macrophage cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The primary constituents of HLF were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In vivo, HLF, at concentrations of 5 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg, were administered to apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoE-/-) fed by high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Aorta and serum samples were collected to identify lesion areas and lipids through mass spectrometry analysis to dissect the pathological process. RAW264.7 cells were incubated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) alone, or ox-LDL combined with different doses of HLF (100, 50, and 25 μg/ml), or ox-LDL plus 24-h sPLA2-IIA inhibitors, for cell biology analysis. Lipids and inflammatory cytokines were detected using biochemical analyzers and ELISA, while plaque size and collagen content of plaque were assessed by HE and the Masson staining of the aorta. The lipid deposition in macrophages was observed by Oil Red O staining. The expression of sPLA2-IIA and SCAP-SREBP2-LDLR was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS The chemical profile of HLF was studied using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, allowing the tentative identification of 20 compounds, comprising 1 phenolic acid, 9 flavonols and 10 flavones, including isovitexin, vitexin-4″-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-robibioside, rutin, vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, quercetin, etc. HLF decreased total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels in ApoE-/- mice (P < 0.05), reduced ox-LDL uptake, inhibited level of inflammatory factors, such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1ꞵ (P < 0.001), and alleviated aortic plaques with a thicker fibrous cap. HLF effectively attenuated foam cell formation in ox-LDL-treated RAW264.7 macrophages, and reduced levels of intracellular TC, free cholesterol (FC), cholesteryl ester (CE), IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β (P < 0.001). In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, HLF significantly downregulated the expression of sPLA2-IIA, SCAP, SREBP2, LDLR, HMGCR, and LOX-1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, sPLA2-IIA inhibitor effectively mitigated inflammatory release in RAW264.7 macrophages and regulated SCAP-SREBP2-LDLR signaling pathway by inhibiting sPLA2-IIA secretion (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION HLF exerted a protective effect against atherosclerosis through inhibiting sPLA2-IIA to diminish SCAP-SREBP2-LDLR signaling pathway, to reduce LDL uptake caused foam cell formation, and to slow down the progression of atherosclerosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Shuwen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Limei Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Qingyu Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, China
| | - Huiming Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Quality Evaluation on Anti-Inflammatory Chinese Herbs, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, 330052, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
| | - Yanchen Zhu
- College of Computer Science, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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Baron G, Altomare A, Della Vedova L, Gado F, Quagliano O, Casati S, Tosi N, Bresciani L, Del Rio D, Roda G, D'Amato A, Lammi C, Macorano A, Vittorio S, Vistoli G, Fumagalli L, Carini M, Leone A, Marino M, Del Bo' C, Miotto G, Ursini F, Morazzoni P, Aldini G. Unraveling the parahormetic mechanism underlying the health-protecting effects of grapeseed procyanidins. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102981. [PMID: 38104483 PMCID: PMC10770607 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs), the predominant constituents within Grape Seed Extract (GSE), are intricate compounds composed of interconnected flavan-3-ol units. Renowned for their health-affirming properties, PACs offer a shield against a spectrum of inflammation associated diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, degenerations and possibly cancer. While monomeric and dimeric PACs undergo some absorption within the gastrointestinal tract, their larger oligomeric and polymeric counterparts are not bioavailable. However, higher molecular weight PACs engage with the colonic microbiota, fostering the production of bioavailable metabolites that undergo metabolic processes, culminating in the emergence of bioactive agents capable of modulating physiological processes. Within this investigation, a GSE enriched with polymeric PACs was employed to explore in detail their impact. Through comprehensive analysis, the present study unequivocally verified the gastrointestinal-mediated transformation of medium to high molecular weight polymeric PACs, thereby establishing the bioaccessibility of a principal catabolite termed 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone (VL). Notably, our findings, encompassing cell biology, chemistry and proteomics, converge to the proposal of the notion of the capacity of VL to activate, upon oxidation to the corresponding quinone, the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway-an intricate process that incites cellular defenses and mitigates stress-induced responses, such as a challenge brought by TNFα. This mechanistic paradigm seamlessly aligns with the concept of para-hormesis, ultimately orchestrating the resilience to stress and the preservation of cellular redox equilibrium and homeostasis as benchmarks of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Baron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - A Altomare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - L Della Vedova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - F Gado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - O Quagliano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - S Casati
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - N Tosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - L Bresciani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - D Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - G Roda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - A D'Amato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - C Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - A Macorano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - S Vittorio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - G Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - L Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - M Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - A Leone
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), Via Sandro Botticelli 21, 20133, Milan, Italy; Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - M Marino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - C Del Bo'
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - G Miotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - F Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - P Morazzoni
- Divisione Nutraceutica, Distillerie Umberto Bonollo S.p.A, 35035, Mestrino, Italy
| | - G Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Bartolomei M, Li J, Capriotti AL, Fanzaga M, d’Adduzio L, Laganà A, Cerrato A, Mulinacci N, Cecchi L, Bollati C, Lammi C. Olive ( Olea europaea L.) Seed as New Source of Cholesterol-Lowering Bioactive Peptides: Elucidation of Their Mechanism of Action in HepG2 Cells and Their Trans-Epithelial Transport in Differentiated Caco-2 Cells. Nutrients 2024; 16:371. [PMID: 38337656 PMCID: PMC10857614 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The production of olive oil has important economic repercussions in Mediterranean countries but also a considerable impact on the environment. This production generates enormous quantities of waste and by-products, which can be exploited as new raw materials to obtain innovative ingredients and therefore make the olive production more sustainable. In a previous study, we decided to foster olive seeds by generating two protein hydrolysates using food-grade enzymes, alcalase (AH) and papain (PH). These hydrolysates have shown, both in vitro and at the cellular level, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities, being able to inhibit the activity of the DPP-IV enzyme and modulate the secretion of GLP-1. Given the multifunctional behavior of peptides, both hydrolysates displayed dual hypocholesterolemic activity, inhibiting the activity of HMGCoAR and impairing the PPI of PCSK9/LDLR, with an IC50 equal to 0.61 mg/mL and 0.31 mg/mL for AH and PH, respectively. Furthermore, both samples restored LDLR protein levels on the membrane of human hepatic HepG2 cells, increasing the uptake of LDL from the extracellular environment. Since intestinal bioavailability is a key component of bioactive peptides, the second objective of this work is to evaluate the capacity of AH and PH peptides to be transported by differentiated human intestinal Caco-2 cells. The peptides transported by intestinal cells have been analyzed using mass spectrometry analysis, identifying a mixture of stable peptides that may represent new ingredients with multifunctional qualities for the development of nutraceuticals and functional foods to delay the onset of metabolic syndrome, promoting the principles of environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bartolomei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (M.F.); (L.d.)
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (M.F.); (L.d.)
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy (A.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Melissa Fanzaga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (M.F.); (L.d.)
| | - Lorenza d’Adduzio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (M.F.); (L.d.)
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy (A.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Cerrato
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy (A.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Nadia Mulinacci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Cecchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies, University of Florence, Via Donizetti, 50144 Florence, Italy;
| | - Carlotta Bollati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (M.F.); (L.d.)
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (M.F.); (L.d.)
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Liu J, Wang X, Zhu Y, Deng H, Huang X, Jayavanth P, Xiao Y, Wu J, Jiao R. Theabrownin from Dark Tea Ameliorates Insulin Resistance via Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Modulating IRS-1/PI3K/Akt Pathway in HepG2 Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:3862. [PMID: 37764646 PMCID: PMC10536292 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dark tea has great potential in regulating glycolipid metabolism, and theabrownin (TB) is considered to be the characteristic and bioactive constituent of dark tea. This study evaluated the ability of TB1 (fermented for 7 days) and TB2 (fermented for 14 days) isolated from dark tea to reverse insulin resistance (IR) in HepG2 cells. The results indicated that TB significantly ameliorated oxidative stress by improving mitochondrial function. In addition, TB improved glycogen synthesis and glucose consumption, and inhibited gluconeogenesis and fatty acid synthesis, by regulating GSK3β (Glycogen synthase kinase 3β), G6Pase (Glucose-6-phosphatase), GCK (Glucokinase), PEPCK1 (Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase 1), SREBP-1C (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1C), FASN (fatty acid synthase), and ACC (Acetyl-CoA carboxylase). Additionally, the results of Western blot and real-time PCR experiments demonstrated that TB modulated glucolipid metabolism through the IRS-1 (Insulin receptor substrate 1)/PI3K (phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase)/Akt (protein kinase B) signaling pathway. Treatment with the PI3K inhibitor demonstrated a favorable correlation between PI3K activation and TB action on glycolipid metabolism. Notably, we observed that TB2 had a greater effect on improving insulin resistance compared with TB1, which, due to its prolonged fermentation time, increased the degree of oxidative polymerization of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, China; (X.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Yuanqin Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Huilin Deng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Pallavi Jayavanth
- International School, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Road, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Ying Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, China;
| | - Jianlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, China; (X.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Rui Jiao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (X.H.)
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Lammi C. Plant bioactive peptides for cardiovascular disease prevention. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 106:219-239. [PMID: 37722773 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of deaths in industrialized countries and a constantly growing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide Hypercholesterolemia is one of the main risk factors for CVD progression that may be prevented by lifestyle changes, including diet. This chapter will discuss the role of peptides from plants (soybean, lupin, cowpea, hempseed, and rice bran) sources with pleotropic activity for the prevention of CVD. Overall, the bioactivity that will be mainly discussed it is the hypocholesterolemic one. The very diversified structures of the hypocholesterolemic peptides so far identified explains the reason why they exert their activity through different mechanisms of action that will be extensively described in this review. Doubtlessly, their potential use in nutritional application is desirable, however, only few of them have been tested in vivo. Therefore, more efforts need to be pursued for singling out good candidates for the development of functional foods or dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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7
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Cheung B, Sikand G, Dineen EH, Malik S, Barseghian El-Farra A. Lipid-Lowering Nutraceuticals for an Integrative Approach to Dyslipidemia. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103414. [PMID: 37240523 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a treatable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease that can be addressed through lifestyle changes and/or lipid-lowering therapies. Adherence to statins can be a clinical challenge in some patients due to statin-associated muscle symptoms and other side effects. There is a growing interest in integrative cardiology and nutraceuticals in the management of dyslipidemia, as some patients desire or are actively seeking a more natural approach. These agents have been used in patients with and without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We provide an updated review of the evidence on many new and emerging nutraceuticals. We describe the mechanism of action, lipid-lowering effects, and side effects of many nutraceuticals, including red yeast rice, bergamot and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Cheung
- Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute, 856 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92521, USA
| | - Geeta Sikand
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92521, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Dineen
- Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute, 856 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92521, USA
| | - Shaista Malik
- Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute, 856 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92521, USA
| | - Ailin Barseghian El-Farra
- Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute, 856 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92521, USA
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Chukwuejim S, Utioh A, Choi TD, Aluko RE. Lupin Seed Proteins: A Comprehensive Review of Composition, Extraction Technologies, Food Functionality, and Health Benefits. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2191701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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9
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Effects of collagen peptide supplementation on cardiovascular markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised, placebo-controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:779-794. [PMID: 35658958 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have advocated that collagen peptide supplementation (CPS) can positively affect cardiovascular health. However, the widespread impact of CPS on CVD-related markers is not fully resolved. Consequently, the current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of CPS on CVD-related markers. A systematic search in the Scopus, PubMed and ISI Web of Science databases were completed to identify relevant randomised, placebo-controlled trials (RCT) published up to November 2021. Mean Differences were pooled using a random-effects model, while publication bias, sensitivity analyses and heterogeneity were assessed using previously validated methods. Twelve RCT, comprising of a total of eleven measured markers, were selected for the quantitative analysis. Pooled data revealed that CPS significantly decreased fat mass (-1·21 kg; 95 % CI: -2·13, -0·29; I2 = 0·0 %; P = 0·010) and increased fat-free mass, based on body mass percentage (1·49 %; 95 % CI: 0·57, 2·42; I2 = 0·0 %; P = 0·002). Moreover, collagen peptide supplementation led to a significant decrease in serum LDL (-4·09 mg/dl; 95 % CI: -8·13, -0·04; I2 = 93·4 %; P = 0·048) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (-5·04 mmHg; 95 % CI: -9·22, -0·85; I2 = 98·9 %; P = 0·018). Our analysis also indicated that CPS did not affect glycemic markers. Our outcomes indicate that CPS reduces fat mass, LDL and SBP while increasing fat-free mass. Future investigations with longer CPS duration are needed to expand on our results.
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Bartolomei M, Cropotova J, Bollati C, Kvangarsnes K, d’Adduzio L, Li J, Boschin G, Lammi C. Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) as Source of Multifunctional Peptides with Antioxidant, ACE and DPP-IV Inhibitory Activities. Nutrients 2023; 15:829. [PMID: 36839187 PMCID: PMC9960528 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at characterizing the possible biological activities of the multifunctional low molecular weight fractions (<3 kDa) peptides isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis. The fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) was tested for its antioxidant property along with its angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activities. In particular, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay and the 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assays were carried out for the evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant activity. The cell-free ACE and DPP-IV inhibitory activity assays were also estimated, showing a dose-dependent inhibition. These biological properties were additionally quantified at the cellular level using human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Namely, the antioxidant activity was determined by evaluating the capability of the hydrolysate to reduce the H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels, and the DPP-IV activity assays show a reduction of enzyme activity of up to 27.57 ± 3.7% at 5 mg/mL. The results indicate that Oncorhynchus mykiss-derived peptides may have potential employment as health-promoting ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bartolomei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Janna Cropotova
- Department of Biological Sciences Ålesund, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 6009 Ålesund, Norway
| | - Carlotta Bollati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Kristine Kvangarsnes
- Department of Biological Sciences Ålesund, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 6009 Ålesund, Norway
| | - Lorenza d’Adduzio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Boschin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Cruz-Chamorro I, Santos-Sánchez G, Álvarez-López AI, Pedroche J, Lardone PJ, Arnoldi A, Lammi C, Carrillo-Vico A. Pleiotropic biological effects of Lupinus spp. protein hydrolysates. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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12
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Fang Y, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Liu L, Wang H. Protective effects of mitochondrial fission inhibition on ox-LDL induced VSMC foaming via metabolic reprogramming. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:970151. [PMID: 36120304 PMCID: PMC9478346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.970151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the most common diseases in middle-age and elderly population. Lipid metabolism disorder induced foaming of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is an important pathological process of AS. Mitochondria plays an important role in lipids metabolism. While it is not known whether regulating mitochondrial function can protect ox-LDL induced VSMC foaming via metabolic reprogramming. With ox-LDL induced mouse model of VSMC injury, the injury effect of ox-LDL and the protective effect of mdivi-1, the mitochondrial fission inhibitor on mitochondrial morphology and function of VSMC, and the formation of lipid droplet were observed. With metabonomics and proteomics techniques, the main lipid metabolites and regulation proteins were identified. The results showed that Ox-LDL induced a significant mitochondrial fission and fragmentation of VSMC, and mitochondrial function disorder along with lipid deposition and foaming. Mdivi-1 significantly antagonized the damage effect of ox-LDL on mitochondrial morphology and function of VSMC, and blocked the lipid deposition. Metabonomics analysis found 848 different metabolites between ox-LDL and mdivi-1 treatment group, in which the lipid metabolites were the main, and heptadecanoic acid, palmitoleic acid and myristic acid were the critical metabolites changed most. Proteomics results showed that there were 125 differential expressed proteins between ox-LDL and mdivi-1 treatment, acetyl -CoA carboxylase1 and fatty acid synthase were the main differential expressed proteins. This study suggest that Mitochondrial fission plays an important role in VSMC lipid deposition and foaming. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission may effectively fight against ox-LDL induced lipid deposition and foaming of VSMC via improving mitochondrial function and metabolic reprogramming. This finding provides a new insight for prevention and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Fang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Liangming Liu, ; Huadong Wang,
| | - Huadong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liangming Liu, ; Huadong Wang,
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13
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Bartolomei M, Capriotti AL, Li Y, Bollati C, Li J, Cerrato A, Cecchi L, Pugliese R, Bellumori M, Mulinacci N, Laganà A, Arnoldi A, Lammi C. Exploitation of Olive (Olea europaea L.) Seed Proteins as Upgraded Source of Bioactive Peptides with Multifunctional Properties: Focus on Antioxidant and Dipeptidyl-Dipeptidase—IV Inhibitory Activities, and Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Improved Modulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091730. [PMID: 36139804 PMCID: PMC9495363 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Agri-food industry wastes and by-products include highly valuable components that can upgraded, providing low-cost bioactives or used as an alternative protein source. In this context, by-products from olive production and olive oil extraction process, i.e., seeds, can be fostered. In particular, this work was aimed at extracting and characterizing proteins for Olea europaea L. seeds and at producing two protein hydrolysates using alcalase and papain, respectively. Peptidomic analysis were performed, allowing to determine both medium- and short-sized peptides and to identify their potential biological activities. Moreover, an extensive characterization of the antioxidant properties of Olea europaea L. seed hydrolysates was carried out both in vitro by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and by 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assays, respectively, and at cellular level by measuring the ability of these hydrolysates to significant reduce the H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. The results of the both hydrolysates showed significant antioxidant properties by reducing the free radical scavenging activities up to 65.0 ± 0.1% for the sample hydrolyzed with alcalase and up to 75.7 ± 0.4% for the papain hydrolysates tested at 5 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, similar values were obtained by the ABTS assays, whereas the FRAP increased up to 13,025.0 ± 241.5% for the alcalase hydrolysates and up to 12,462.5 ± 311.9% for the papain hydrolysates, both tested at 1 mg/mL. According to the in vitro results, both papain and alcalase hydrolysates restore the cellular ROS levels up 130.4 ± 4.24% and 128.5 ± 3.60%, respectively, at 0.1 mg/mL and reduce the lipid peroxidation levels up to 109.2 ± 7.95% and 73.0 ± 7.64%, respectively, at 1.0 mg/mL. In addition, results underlined that the same hydrolysates reduced the activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) in vitro and at cellular levels up to 42.9 ± 6.5% and 38.7 ± 7.2% at 5.0 mg/mL for alcalase and papain hydrolysates, respectively. Interestingly, they stimulate the release and stability of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) hormone through an increase of its levels up to 660.7 ± 21.9 pM and 613.4 ± 39.1 pM for alcalase and papain hydrolysates, respectively. Based on these results, olive seed hydrolysates may represent new ingredients with antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties for the development of nutraceuticals and functional foods for the prevention of metabolic syndrome onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bartolomei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Yuchen Li
- Longping Biotech Co., Ltd., Sanya 572000, China
| | - Carlotta Bollati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Cerrato
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cecchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Raffaele Pugliese
- NeMO Lab, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Bellumori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Nadia Mulinacci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-50319372
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14
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Santos-Sánchez G, Cruz-Chamorro I, Álvarez-Ríos AI, Álvarez-Sánchez N, Rodríguez-Ortiz B, Álvarez-López AI, Fernández-Pachón MS, Pedroche J, Millán F, Millán-Linares MDC, Lardone PJ, Bejarano I, Carrillo-Vico A. Bioactive Peptides from Lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius) Prevent the Early Stages of Atherosclerosis in Western Diet-Fed ApoE -/- Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8243-8253. [PMID: 35767743 PMCID: PMC9284549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported the in vitro hypocholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of Alcalase-generated lupin protein hydrolysate (LPH). Given that lipoprotein deposition, oxidative stress, and inflammation are the main components of atherogenesis, we characterized the LPH composition, in silico identified LPH-peptides with activities related to atherosclerosis, and evaluated the in vivo LPH effects on atherosclerosis risk factors in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. After 15 min of Alcalase hydrolysis, peptides smaller than 8 kDa were obtained, and 259 peptides out of 278 peptides found showed biological activities related to atherosclerosis risk factors. Furthermore, LPH administration for 12 weeks reduced the plasma lipids, as well as the cardiovascular and atherogenic risk indexes. LPH also increased the total antioxidant capacity, decreased endothelial permeability, inflammatory response, and atherogenic markers. Therefore, this study describes for the first time that LPH prevents the early stages of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Santos-Sánchez
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Ivan Cruz-Chamorro
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
- .
Phone: +34955923106
| | - Ana Isabel Álvarez-Ríos
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Clínica, Unidad de Gestión de Laboratorios, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Nuria Álvarez-Sánchez
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Ortiz
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Álvarez-López
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - María-Soledad Fernández-Pachón
- Área
de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Biología
Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Justo Pedroche
- Department
of Food & Health, Instituto de la grasa,
CSIC, Ctra Utrera Km
1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Millán
- Department
of Food & Health, Instituto de la grasa,
CSIC, Ctra Utrera Km
1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Millán-Linares
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Department
of Food & Health, Instituto de la grasa,
CSIC, Ctra Utrera Km
1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Patricia Judith Lardone
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bejarano
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Carrillo-Vico
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
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15
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Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides protect against obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats fed a high-fat diet. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Hempseed (Cannabis sativa) protein hydrolysates: A valuable source of bioactive peptides with pleiotropic health-promoting effects. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Santos-Sánchez G, Cruz-Chamorro I, Bollati C, Bartolomei M, Pedroche J, Millán F, Millán-Linares MDC, Capriotti AL, Cerrato A, Laganà A, Arnoldi A, Carrillo-Vico A, Lammi C. A Lupinus angustifolius protein hydrolysate exerts hypocholesterolemic effects in Western diet-fed ApoE -/- mice through the modulation of LDLR and PCSK9 pathways. Food Funct 2022; 13:4158-4170. [PMID: 35316320 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03847h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lupin protein hydrolysates (LPHs) are gaining attention in the food and nutraceutical industries due to their several beneficial health effects. Recently, we have shown that LPH treatment reduces liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels in hypercholesterolemic mice. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of LPH treatment on the molecular mechanism underlying liver cholesterol metabolism in ApoE-/- mice fed the Western diet. After identifying the composition of the peptide within the LPH mixture and determining its ability to reduce HMGCoAR activity in vitro, its effect on the LDLR and PCSK9 pathways was measured in liver tissue from the same mice. Thus, the LPH reduced the protein levels of HMGCoAR and increased the phosphorylated inactive form of HMGCoAR and the pHMGCoAR/HMGCoAR ratio, which led to the deactivation of de novo cholesterol synthesis. Furthermore, the LPH decreased the protein levels of SREBP2, a key upstream transcription factor involved in the expression of HMGCoAR and LDLR. Consequently, LDLR protein levels decreased in the liver of LPH-treated animals. Interestingly, the LPH also increased the protein levels of pAMPK responsible for HMGCoAR phosphorylation. Furthermore, the LPH controlled the PSCK9 signal pathway by decreasing its transcription factor, the HNF1-α protein. Consequently, lower PSCK9 protein levels were found in the liver of LPH-treated mice. This is the first study elucidating the molecular mechanism at the basis of the hypocholesterolemic effects exerted by the LPH in an in vivo model. All these findings point out LPHs as a future lipid-lowering ingredient to develop new functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Santos-Sánchez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy. .,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain. .,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Ivan Cruz-Chamorro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy. .,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain. .,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Carlotta Bollati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Martina Bartolomei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Justo Pedroche
- Department of Food & Health, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra, Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Millán
- Department of Food & Health, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra, Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Millán-Linares
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain. .,Department of Food & Health, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra, Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cerrato
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonio Carrillo-Vico
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain. .,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Computational Design and Biological Evaluation of Analogs of Lupin Peptide P5 Endowed with Dual PCSK9/HMG-CoAR Inhibiting Activity. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030665. [PMID: 35336039 PMCID: PMC8951016 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) is responsible for the degradation of the hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which regulates the circulating cholesterol level. In this field, we discovered natural peptides derived from lupin that showed PCSK9 inhibitory activity. Among these, the most active peptide, known as P5 (LILPHKSDAD), reduced the protein-protein interaction between PCSK9 and LDLR with an IC50 equals to 1.6 µM and showed a dual hypocholesterolemic activity, since it shows complementary inhibition of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR). (2) Methods: In this study, by a computational approach, the P5 primary structure was optimized to obtain new analogs with improved affinity to PCSK9. Then, biological assays were carried out for fully characterizing the dual cholesterol-lowering activity of the P5 analogs by using both biochemical and cellular techniques. (3) Results: A new peptide, P5-Best (LYLPKHSDRD) displayed improved PCSK9 (IC50 0.7 µM) and HMG-CoAR (IC50 88.9 µM) inhibitory activities. Moreover, in vitro biological assays on cells demonstrated that, not only P5-Best, but all tested peptides maintained the dual PCSK9/HMG-CoAR inhibitory activity and remarkably P5-Best exerted the strongest hypocholesterolemic effect. In fact, in the presence of this peptide, the ability of HepG2 cells to absorb extracellular LDL was improved by up to 254%. (4) Conclusions: the atomistic details of the P5-Best/PCSK9 and P5-Best/HMG-CoAR interactions represent a reliable starting point for the design of new promising molecular entities endowed with hypocholesterolemic activity.
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19
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Characterisation of Endogenous Peptides Present in Virgin Olive Oil. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031712. [PMID: 35163634 PMCID: PMC8836281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The low molecular weight peptide composition of virgin olive oil (VOO) is mostly unknown. We aimed to investigate the composition of the endogenous peptides present in VOO, the protein sources from which those peptides originate and their biological activities. A water-soluble extract containing peptides was obtained from VOO. The peptides were separated by size-exclusion using fast protein liquid chromatography, and the low molecular weight fraction (1600–700 kDa) was analysed by nanoscale liquid chromatography Orbitrap coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and de novo sequencing. Nineteen new peptides were identified by Peaks database algorithm, using the available Olea europaea (cv. Farga) genome database. Eight new peptides were also identified by Peaks de novo sequencing. The protein sources of the peptides detected in the database by Peaks DB were identified by BLAST-P search. Seed storage proteins were among the most frequent sources of VOO peptides. BIOPEP software was used to predict the biological activities of peptides and to simulate (in silico) the proteolytic activity of digestive enzymes on the detected peptide sequences. A selection of synthetic peptides was obtained for investigation of their bioactivities. Peptides VCGEAFGKA, NALLCSNS, CPANGFY, CCYSVY and DCHYFL possessed strong ACE-inhibitory and antioxidant activities in vitro. Antioxidant peptides could play a role in VOO quality.
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20
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Nutraceuticals in Paediatric Patients with Dyslipidaemia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030569. [PMID: 35276928 PMCID: PMC8840379 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the main cause of death and morbidity in the world. Childhood is a critical period during which atherosclerosis may begin to develop; in the presence of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH), the lifelong elevation of LDL cholesterol levels greatly accelerates atherosclerosis. Lowering LDL-C levels is associated with a well-documented reduction in cardiovascular disease risk. Current guidelines support the dietary and lifestyle approach as the primary strategy of intervention in children and adolescents with FH. Nutraceuticals (functional foods or dietary supplements of plant or microbial origin) are included in the EU guidelines as lifestyle interventions and may provide an additional contribution in reducing LDL levels when pharmacological therapy is not yet indicated. Meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials have demonstrated that the same nutraceuticals improve lipid profile, including lowering LDL-C, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In this narrative review, starting from current scientific evidence, we analyse the benefits and limitations of the nutraceuticals in children and adolescents with dyslipidaemia, and we try to evaluate their use and safety in clinical practice.
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21
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Bao X, Yuan X, Li X, Liu X. Flaxseed-derived peptide, IPPF, inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption in Caco-2 cells and hepatic cholesterol synthesis in HepG2 cells. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14031. [PMID: 34893975 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseed peptides reduced serum cholesterol levels in Sprague-Dawley rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet. However, the mechanism of this action remains unclear. Flaxseed-hydrolyzed proteins were separated through ultrafiltration. The fifth fraction (FP5 , ≤ 1 kDa) had the highest cholesterol micelle solubility inhibition rate (CMSR) of 72.39% among the other fractions. Eleven peptides were identified from FP5 . Ile-Pro-Pro-Phe (IPPF), which had the highest CMSR of 93.47%, was selected for further analyses. IPPF substantially reduced the cholesterol transported content in Caco-2 cells and the total cholesterol content in HepG2 cells. Moreover, IPPF modulated the protein levels of NCP1L1 and ABCG5/8 (cholesterol transporters) in Caco-2 cells and reduced the mRNA levels of Srebp-2 and Hmgcr (cholesterol synthesis enzymes) in HepG2 cells. IPPF inhibits cholesterol intestinal absorption by modulating the cholesterol transporters expression and reduces hepatic cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting the SREBP2-regulated mevalonate pathway. IPPF is a new food-derived cholesterol-lowering nutritional supplement. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: We isolated active peptides with cholesterol-lowering properties from flaxseed protein, a by-product of industrial oil production, which greatly improved the economic and medicinal value of flaxseed protein. According to our research, IPPF can be used as a new food-derived type of cholesterol intestinal absorption inhibitor to reduce dietary cholesterol absorption and cholesterol synthesis inhibitor (same pharmacological mechanism as statins). IPPF provide a nutritional therapy component for hypercholesterolemia and prevent atherosclerosis. Our research provides theoretical basis for development and utilization of new nutritional supplements and plant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Bao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Yuan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Xuexin Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P. R. China
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22
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Dietary supplementation of encapsulated anthocyanin loaded-chitosan nanoparticles attenuates hyperlipidemic aberrations in male Wistar rats. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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23
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Boukid F, Pasqualone A. Lupine (Lupinus spp.) proteins: characteristics, safety and food applications. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Shan MY, Dai Y, Ren XD, Zheng J, Zhang KB, Chen B, Yan J, Xu ZH. Berberine mitigates nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis by downregulating SIRT1-FoxO1-SREBP2 pathway for cholesterol synthesis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2021; 19:545-554. [PMID: 34686466 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate effects of berberine (BBR) on cholesterol synthesis in HepG2 cells with free fatty acid (FFA)-induced steatosis and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS A steatosis cell model was induced in HepG2 cell line fed with FFA (0.5 mmol/L, oleic acid:palmitic acid = 2:1), and then treated with three concentrations of BBR; cell viability was assessed with cell counting kit-8 assays. Lipid accumulation in cells was observed through oil red O staining and total cholesterol (TC) content was detected by TC assay. The effects of BBR on cholesterol synthesis mediators were assessed by Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, both silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FoxO1) inhibitors were employed for validation. RESULTS FFA-induced steatosis was successfully established in HepG2 cells. Lipid accumulation and TC content in BBR groups were significantly lower (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), associated with significantly higher mRNA and protein levels of SIRT1(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), significantly lower sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase levels (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), as well as higher Acetyl-FoxO1 protein level (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) compared to the FFA only group. Both SIRT1 inhibitor SIRT1-IN-1 and FoxO1 inhibitor AS1842856 blocked the BBR-mediated therapeutic effects. Immunofluorescence showed that the increased SIRT1 expression increased FoxO1 deacetylation, and promoted its nuclear translocation. CONCLUSION BBR can mitigate FFA-induced steatosis in HepG2 cells by activating SIRT1-FoxO1-SREBP2 signal pathway. BBR may emerge as a potential drug candidate for treating nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ya Shan
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Ying Dai
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Ren
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Ke-Bin Zhang
- National Drug Clinical Trail Institution, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department 1, Research Institute of Surgery & Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zi-Hui Xu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
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25
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Chelliah R, Wei S, Daliri EBM, Elahi F, Yeon SJ, Tyagi A, Liu S, Madar IH, Sultan G, Oh DH. The Role of Bioactive Peptides in Diabetes and Obesity. Foods 2021; 10:2220. [DOI: https:/doi.10.3390/foods10092220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are present in most soy products and eggs and have essential protective functions. Infection is a core feature of innate immunity that affects blood pressure and the glucose level, and ageing can be delayed by killing senescent cells. Food also encrypts bioactive peptides and protein sequences produced through proteolysis or food processing. Unique food protein fragments can improve human health and avoid metabolic diseases, inflammation, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. This review focuses on drug targets and fundamental mechanisms of bioactive peptides on metabolic syndromes, namely obesity and type 2 diabetes, to provide new ideas and knowledge on the ability of bioactive peptide to control metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Chelliah
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Shuai Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Fazle Elahi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Su-Jung Yeon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Akanksha Tyagi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Shucheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Inamul Hasan Madar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Ghazala Sultan
- Department of Computer Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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26
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Okagu IU, Ndefo JC, Aham EC, Obeme-Nmom JI, Agboinghale PE, Aguchem RN, Nechi RN, Lammi C. Lupin-Derived Bioactive Peptides: Intestinal Transport, Bioavailability and Health Benefits. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093266. [PMID: 34579144 PMCID: PMC8469740 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a renewed interest on the reliance of food-based bioactive compounds as sources of nutritive factors and health-beneficial chemical compounds. Among these food components, several proteins from foods have been shown to promote health and wellness as seen in proteins such as α/γ-conglutins from the seeds of Lupinus species (Lupin), a genus of leguminous plant that are widely used in traditional medicine for treating chronic diseases. Lupin-derived peptides (LDPs) are increasingly being explored and they have been shown to possess multifunctional health improving properties. This paper discusses the intestinal transport, bioavailability and biological activities of LDPs, focusing on molecular mechanisms of action as reported in in vitro, cell culture, animal and human studies. The potentials of several LDPs to demonstrate multitarget mechanism of regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, chemo- and osteoprotective properties, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities position LDPs as good candidates for nutraceutical development for the prevention and management of medical conditions whose etiology are multifactorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent U. Okagu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (I.U.O.); (E.C.A.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Joseph C. Ndefo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
- Correspondence: (J.C.N.); (C.L.)
| | - Emmanuel C. Aham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (I.U.O.); (E.C.A.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Joy I. Obeme-Nmom
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran 251101, Nigeria;
| | | | - Rita N. Aguchem
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (I.U.O.); (E.C.A.); (R.N.A.)
| | - Regina N. Nechi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria;
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.C.N.); (C.L.)
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27
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The Role of Bioactive Peptides in Diabetes and Obesity. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092220. [PMID: 34574330 PMCID: PMC8469013 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are present in most soy products and eggs and have essential protective functions. Infection is a core feature of innate immunity that affects blood pressure and the glucose level, and ageing can be delayed by killing senescent cells. Food also encrypts bioactive peptides and protein sequences produced through proteolysis or food processing. Unique food protein fragments can improve human health and avoid metabolic diseases, inflammation, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. This review focuses on drug targets and fundamental mechanisms of bioactive peptides on metabolic syndromes, namely obesity and type 2 diabetes, to provide new ideas and knowledge on the ability of bioactive peptide to control metabolic syndromes.
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28
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Cicero AFG, Fogacci F, Stoian AP, Vrablik M, Al Rasadi K, Banach M, Toth PP, Rizzo M. Nutraceuticals in the Management of Dyslipidemia: Which, When, and for Whom? Could Nutraceuticals Help Low-Risk Individuals with Non-optimal Lipid Levels? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:57. [PMID: 34345932 PMCID: PMC8332568 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00955-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The aim of this review is to summarize the available clinical efficacy and safety data related to the most studied and used lipid-lowering nutraceuticals. Recent Findings A growing number of meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials supports the effectiveness and tolerability of some lipid-lowering nutraceuticals such as red yeast rice, plant sterols and stanols, soluble fibers, berberine, artichoke extracts, bergamot polyphenol fraction, garlic, green tea, and spiruline. No significant safety concern has been raised for the use of such products. Association of more lipid-lowering nutraceuticals and of some nutraceuticals with lipid-lowering drugs has been tested as well. Summary Current evidence suggests that some clinically tested lipid-lowering nutraceuticals could be safely used to improve plasma lipid levels in subjects affected by mild-to-moderate dyslipidaemia with low cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,Italian Society of Nutraceuticals (SINut), Bologna, Italy. .,IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,Atherosclerosis Research Center, University of Bologna, Via Albertoni, 15, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Italian Society of Nutraceuticals (SINut), Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Michal Vrablik
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Peter P Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA.,Cicarrone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Italian Society of Nutraceuticals (SINut), Bologna, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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29
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Heres A, Mora L, Toldrá F. Inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase enzyme by dipeptides identified in dry-cured ham. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-021-00058-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHigh cholesterolemia is a key risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, which are the main cause of mortality in developed countries. Most therapies are focused on the modulation of its biosynthesis through 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR) inhibitors. In this sense, food-derived bioactive peptides might act as promising health alternatives through their ability to interact with crucial enzymes involved in metabolic pathways, avoiding the adverse effects of synthetic drugs. Dry-cured ham has been widely described as an important source of naturally-generated bioactive peptides exerting ACEI-inhibitory activity, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory activity between others. Based on these findings, the aim of this work was to assess, for the first time, the in vitro inhibitory activity of HMG-CoAR exerted by dipeptides generated during the manufacturing of dry-cured ham, previously described with relevant roles on other bioactivities.The in vitro inhibitory activity of the dipeptides was assessed by measuring the substrate consumption rate of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase in their presence, with the following pertinent calculations.Further research was carried out to estimate the possible interactions of the most bioactive dipeptides with the enzyme by performing in silico analysis consisting of molecular docking approaches.Main findings showed DA, DD, EE, ES, and LL dipeptides as main HMG-CoAR inhibitors. Additionally, computational analysis indicated statin-like interactions of the dipeptides with HMG-CoAR.This study reveals, for the first time, the hypocholesterolemic potential of dry-cured ham-derived dipeptides and, at the same time, converges in the same vein as many reports that experimentally argue the cardiovascular benefits of dry-cured ham consumption due to its bioactive peptide content.
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30
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Abstract
Legumes are an essential food source worldwide. Their high-quality proteins, complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and relatively low-fat content make these an important functional food. Known to possess a multitude of health benefits, legume consumption is associated with the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Legume crude protein isolates and purified peptides possess many cardiopreventive properties. Here, we review selected economically valued legumes, their taxonomy and distribution, biochemical composition, and their protein components and the mechanism(s) of action associated with cardiovascular health. Most of the legume protein studies had shown upregulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor leading to increased binding and uptake, in effect significantly reducing total lipid levels in the blood serum and liver. This is followed by decreased biosynthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids. To understand the relationship of identified genes from legume studies, we performed gene network analysis, pathway, and gene ontology (GO) enrichment. Results showed that the genes were functionally interrelated while enrichment and pathway analysis revealed involvement in lipid transport, fatty acid and triglyceride metabolic processes, and regulatory processes. This review is the first attempt to collate all known mechanisms of action of legume proteins associated with cardiovascular health. This also provides a snapshot of possible targets leading to systems-level approaches to further investigate the cardiometabolic potentials of legumes.
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31
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Cruz-Chamorro I, Álvarez-Sánchez N, Álvarez-Ríos AI, Santos-Sánchez G, Pedroche J, Millán F, Carrera Sánchez C, Fernández-Pachón MS, Millán-Linares MC, Martínez-López A, Lardone PJ, Bejarano I, Guerrero JM, Carrillo-Vico A. Safety and Efficacy of a Beverage Containing Lupine Protein Hydrolysates on the Immune, Oxidative and Lipid Status in Healthy Subjects: An Intervention Study (the Lupine-1 Trial). Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100139. [PMID: 34015184 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE We have previously demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of in vitro administered Lupinus angustifolius protein hydrolysates (LPHs) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a beverage containing LPHs (LPHb) on the immune, oxidative and metabolic status of healthy subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS In this open-label intervention, 33 participants daily ingest a LPHb containing 1 g LPHs for 28 days. Biochemical parameters are assayed in fasting peripheral blood and urine samples before, during (14 days) and after LPHb ingestion. Participants' health status and the immune and antioxidant responses of PBMCs are also evaluated throughout the trial. The LPHb ingestion is safe and effective in both increasing the anti-/pro-inflammatory response of PBMCs and improving the cellular anti-oxidant capacity. LPHb also reduces the low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C)/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) atherogenic index. LPHb effect is particularly beneficial on decreasing not only the LDL-C/HDL-C index but also serum total cholesterol levels in the male cohort that shows the highest baseline levels of well-known cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION This is the first study to show the pleiotropic actions of a lupine bioactive peptides-based functional food on key steps of atherosclerosis including inflammation, oxidative stress, and cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Cruz-Chamorro
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Nuria Álvarez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Álvarez-Ríos
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Unidad de Gestión, de Laboratorios, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Guillermo Santos-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Justo Pedroche
- Plant Protein Group, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | - Francisco Millán
- Plant Protein Group, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | - Cecilio Carrera Sánchez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - María Soledad Fernández-Pachón
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | - María Carmen Millán-Linares
- Plant Protein Group, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Seville, 41013, Spain.,Cell Biology Unit, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | - Alicia Martínez-López
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Patricia Judith Lardone
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bejarano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Guerrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Unidad de Gestión, de Laboratorios, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Carrillo-Vico
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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32
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Pugliese R, Arnoldi A, Lammi C. Nanostructure, Self-Assembly, Mechanical Properties, and Antioxidant Activity of a Lupin-Derived Peptide Hydrogel. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030294. [PMID: 33805635 PMCID: PMC8000348 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring food peptides are frequently used in the life sciences due to their beneficial effects through their impact on specific biochemical pathways. Furthermore, they are often leveraged for applications in areas as diverse as bioengineering, medicine, agriculture, and even fashion. However, progress toward understanding their self-assembling properties as functional materials are often hindered by their long aromatic and charged residue-enriched sequences encrypted in the parent protein sequence. In this study, we elucidate the nanostructure and the hierarchical self-assembly propensity of a lupin-derived peptide which belongs to the α-conglutin (11S globulin, legumin-like protein), with a straightforward N-terminal biotinylated oligoglycine tag-based methodology for controlling the nanostructures, biomechanics, and biological features. Extensive characterization was performed via Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), rheological measurements, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analyses. By using the biotin tag, we obtained a thixotropic lupin-derived peptide hydrogel (named BT13) with tunable mechanical properties (from 2 to 11 kPa), without impairing its spontaneous formation of β-sheet secondary structures. Lastly, we demonstrated that this hydrogel has antioxidant activity. Altogether, our findings address multiple challenges associated with the development of naturally occurring food peptide-based hydrogels, offering a new tool to both fine tune the mechanical properties and tailor the antioxidant activities, providing new research directions across food chemistry, biochemistry, and bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Pugliese
- NeMO Lab, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (C.L.)
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33
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Trans-Epithelial Transport, Metabolism, and Biological Activity Assessment of the Multi-Target Lupin Peptide LILPKHSDAD (P5) and Its Metabolite LPKHSDAD (P5-Met). Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030863. [PMID: 33808034 PMCID: PMC8000724 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
P5 (LILPKHSDAD) is a hypocholesterolemic peptide from lupin protein with a multi-target activity, since it inhibits both 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCoAR) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9). This work shows that, during epithelial transport experiments, the metabolic transformation mediated by intestinal peptidases produces two main detected peptides, ILPKHSDAD (P5-frag) and LPKHSDAD (P5-met), and that both P5 and P5-met are linearly absorbed by differentiated human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Extensive comparative structural, biochemical, and cellular characterizations of P5-met and the parent peptide P5 demonstrate that both peptides have unique characteristics and share the same mechanisms of action. In fact, they exert an intrinsically multi-target behavior being able to regulate cholesterol metabolism by modulating different pathways. The results of this study also highlight the dynamic nature of bioactive peptides that may be modulated by the biological systems they get in contact with.
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HPP and SGQR peptides from silkworm pupae protein hydrolysates regulated biosynthesis of cholesterol in HepG2 cell line. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Kumar V, Tiku PK. A Cholesterol Homeostasis by Bioactive Peptide Fraction from Pigeon Pea By-Product: An In-Vitro Study. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Lammi C, Aiello G, Dellafiora L, Bollati C, Boschin G, Ranaldi G, Ferruzza S, Sambuy Y, Galaverna G, Arnoldi A. Assessment of the Multifunctional Behavior of Lupin Peptide P7 and Its Metabolite Using an Integrated Strategy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13179-13188. [PMID: 32223157 PMCID: PMC7997369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
LTFPGSAED (P7) is a multifunctional hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic lupin peptide. While assessing its angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, it was more effective in intestinal Caco-2 cells (IC50 of 13.7 μM) than in renal HK-2 cells (IC50 of 79.6 μM). This discrepancy was explained by the metabolic transformation mediated by intestinal peptidases, which produced two main detected peptides, TFPGSAED and LTFPG. Indeed LTFPG, dynamically generated by intestinal dipeptidyl peptidase IV as well as its parent peptide P7 were linearly absorbed by mature Caco-2 cells. An in silico study demonstrated that the metabolite was a better ligand of the ACE enzyme than P7. These results are in agreement with an in vivo study, previously performed by Aluko et al., which has shown that LTFPG is an effective hypotensive peptide. Our work highlights the dynamic nature of bioactive food peptides that may be modulated by the metabolic activity of intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Telephone: +39-0250319912. Fax: +39-0250319372. E-mail:
| | - Gilda Aiello
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Dellafiora
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Carlotta Bollati
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Boschin
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Ranaldi
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Council
for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Ferruzza
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Council
for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Yula Sambuy
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Council
for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Galaverna
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Naturally Occurring PCSK9 Inhibitors. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051440. [PMID: 32429343 PMCID: PMC7284437 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic, epidemiological and pharmacological data have led to the conclusion that antagonizing or inhibiting Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) reduces cardiovascular events. This clinical outcome is mainly related to the pivotal role of PCSK9 in controlling low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. The absence of oral and affordable anti-PCSK9 medications has limited the beneficial effects of this new therapeutic option. A possible breakthrough in this field may come from the discovery of new naturally occurring PCSK9 inhibitors as a starting point for the development of oral, small molecules, to be used in combination with statins in order to increase the percentage of patients reaching their LDL-cholesterol target levels. In the present review, we have summarized the current knowledge on natural compounds or extracts that have shown an inhibitory effect on PCSK9, either in experimental or clinical settings. When available, the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of the listed compounds are described.
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Li Y, Aiello G, Bollati C, Bartolomei M, Arnoldi A, Lammi C. Phycobiliproteins from Arthrospira Platensis (Spirulina): A New Source of Peptides with Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitory Activity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030794. [PMID: 32197331 PMCID: PMC7146380 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) is a cyanobacterium, which contains mainly two phycobiliproteins (PBP), i.e., C-phycocyanin (C-PC) and allophycocyanin (APC). In this study, PBP were hydrolyzed using trypsin, and the composition of the hydrolysate was characterized by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Furthermore, the potential anti-diabetic activity was assessed by using either biochemical or cellular techniques. Findings suggest that PBP peptides inhibit DPP-IV activity in vitro with a dose-response trend and an IC50 value falling in the range between 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL. A lower inhibition of the DPP-IV activity expressed by Caco-2 cells was observed, which was explained by a secondary metabolic degradation exerted by the same cells.
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Dellafiora L, Pugliese R, Bollati C, Gelain F, Galaverna G, Arnoldi A, Lammi C. "Bottom-Up" Strategy for the Identification of Novel Soybean Peptides with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2082-2090. [PMID: 31984733 PMCID: PMC7997397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
IAVPTGVA (Soy1) and LPYP are two soybean peptides, which display a multifunctional behavior, showing in vitro hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic activities. A preliminary screening of their structures using BIOPEP suggested that they might be potential angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Therefore, a bottom-up-aided approach was developed in order to clarify the in vitro hypotensive activity. Soy1 and LPYP dropped the intestinal and renal ACE enzyme activity with IC50 values equal to 14.7 ± 0.28 and 5.0 ± 0.28 μM (Caco-2 cells), and 6.0 ± 0.35 and 6.8 ± 0.20 μM (HK-2 cells), respectively. In parallel, a molecular modeling study suggested their capability to act as competitive inhibitors of this enzyme. Finally, in order to increase both their stability and hypotensive properties, a suitable strategy for the harmless control of their release from a nanomaterial was developed through their encapsulation into the RADA16-assembling peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Dellafiora
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Raffaele Pugliese
- Tissue
Engineering Unit, Institute for Stem Cell
Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies-ISBReMIT,
Fondazione IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Foggia, Italy
| | - Carlotta Bollati
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gelain
- Tissue
Engineering Unit, Institute for Stem Cell
Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies-ISBReMIT,
Fondazione IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Foggia, Italy
- Center
for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering (CNTE), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan 20162, Italy
| | - Gianni Galaverna
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
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Lammi C, Bollati C, Lecca D, Abbracchio MP, Arnoldi A. Lupin Peptide T9 (GQEQSHQDEGVIVR) Modulates the Mutant PCSK9 D374Y Pathway: in vitro Characterization of its Dual Hypocholesterolemic Behavior. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071665. [PMID: 31330826 PMCID: PMC6683083 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
GQEQSHQDEGVIVR (T9) is a peptide originated by the tryptic digestion of lupin β-conglutin that is absorbed in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. A previous study has shown that T9 impairs the protein–protein interaction between mutant D374Y Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9 (PCSK9D374Y) and the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), thus exerting a hypocholesterolemic effect. Moreover, a bioinformatic study predicting that T9 may potentially act as an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCoAR), has suggested a complementary cholesterol-lowering activity. The present study demonstrates that T9 inhibits in vitro the HMGCoAR functionality with an IC50 value of 99.5 ± 0.56 µM. Through the inhibition of either HMGCoAR or PCSK9D374Y activities, T9 enhances the LDLR protein levels leading to an improved ability of HepG2 cells transfected with the mutant PCSK9D374Y-FLAG plasmid to uptake extracellular LDL with a final cholesterol-lowering effect. In addition, T9 modulates the PCSK9D374Y signaling pathway in transfected HepG2 cells leading to a decrease of PCSK9D374Y and HNF-1α protein levels. All these results indicate that the hypocholesterolemic effects of T9 are due to a dual mechanism of action involving either the modulation of the PCSK9D374Y or LDLR pathways. This may represent an added value from a therapeutic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Bollati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Lecca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Abbracchio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Lammi C, Arnoldi A, Aiello G. Soybean Peptides Exert Multifunctional Bioactivity Modulating 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Targets in Vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4824-4830. [PMID: 30969121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at evaluating the cellular mechanism through which peptic (P) and tryptic (T) soybean hydrolysates modulate the targets involved in hypocholesterolemic pathways in HepG2 and antidiabetic pathways in Caco-2 cells. Both hydrolysates (tested in the concentration range of 0.5-2.5 mg/mL) inhibited the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity in HepG2 cells. In addition, Soybean P increased LDLR protein levels on HepG2 membranes by 51.5 ± 11.6% and 63.0 ± 6.9% (0.5-1.0 mg/mL) whereas Soybean T increased them by 55.2 ± 9.7% and 85.8 ± 21.5% (0.5-1.0 mg/mL) vs the control, with a final improved HepG2 capacity in the uptake of extracellular LDL. Soybean P reduced in vitro the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activity by 16.3 ± 3.0% and 31.4 ± 0.12% (1.0 and 2.5 mg/mL), whereas Soybean T reduced it by 15.3 ± 11.0% and 11.0 ± 0.30% (1.0 and 2.5 mg/mL) vs the control. Finally, both hydrolysates inhibited dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activity in situ in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. This investigation may help to explain the activities observed in experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Gilda Aiello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , 20133 Milan , Italy
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42
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Lammi C, Sgrignani J, Roda G, Arnoldi A, Grazioso G. Inhibition of PCSK9 D374Y/LDLR Protein-Protein Interaction by Computationally Designed T9 Lupin Peptide. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:425-430. [PMID: 30996774 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of the PCSK9/LDLR protein-protein interaction is a promising strategy for developing new hypocholesterolemic agents. Familial hypercholesterolemia is linked to specific PCSK9 mutations: the D374Y is the most potent gain-of-function (GOF) PCSK9 mutation among clinically relevant ones. Recently, a lupin peptide (T9) showed inhibitory effects on this mutant PCSK9 form, being also capable to increase liver uptake of low density lipoprotein cholesterol. In this Letter, aiming to improve the potency of this peptide, the T9 residues mainly responsible for the interaction with PCSK9D374Y (hot spots) were computationally predicted. Then, the "non-hot" residues were suitably substituted by new amino acids capable to theoretically increase the structural complementarity between T9 and PCSK9D374Y. The outcomes of this study were confirmed by in vitro biochemical assays and cellular investigations, showing that a new T9 analog is able to increase the LDLR expression on the liver cell surface by 84% at the concentration of 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lammi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Sgrignani
- Istituto di Ricerca in Biomedicina (IRB), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Via V. Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Roda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grazioso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Kumar V, Sharma P, Bairagya HR, Sharma S, Singh TP, Tiku PK. Inhibition of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase by peptides leading to cholesterol homeostasis through SREBP2 pathway in HepG2 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:604-615. [PMID: 30954578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), a rate-limiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bonded enzyme, plays a central role in the cholesterol homeostasis via the negative feedback mechanism. The present study indicates that the interactions of novel peptides with the catalytic domain of HMGCR, provides an alternative therapeutic candidate for reducing cholesterol. The potential natural origin of HMGCR peptide inhibitors were filtered from the peptide library using the molecular docking, which revealed three strong candidates for inhibition. This information was used for synthesizing peptides, which were evaluated for inhibition against HMGCR. The stronger docking interactions were confirmed by experimental dissociation constant (KD) values of 9.1 × 10-9 M, 1.4 × 10-8 M and 1.2 × 10-8 M for peptides NALEPDNRIESEGG (Pep-1), NALEPDNRIES (Pep-2) and PFVKSEPIPETNNE (Pep-3) respectively. The immunological based interactions show a strong evidence of peptide-HMGCR complexes. The LDL uptake showed enhancements after treatments with peptides in the extracellular environment of HepG2 cells, which was further, corroborated through increase in the immunofluorescence signal of the localized LDL-R protein expression on the cell membrane. The results showed that the mRNA and protein expression of transcription factors were significantly up-regulated showing regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis in peptide treated HepG2 cells. The binding of transcription factors, sterol regulatory element (SRE) and cAMP-response element (CRE) on HMGCR promotor further confirms the cholesterol biosynthesis regulation. All the above results suggested a key role of peptide/s in alleviating cholesterol accumulation in tissue via inhibition of rate-limiting HMGCR enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kumar
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - P Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Science, 110029, New Delhi
| | - H R Bairagya
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Science, 110029, New Delhi
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Science, 110029, New Delhi
| | - T P Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Science, 110029, New Delhi
| | - Purnima Kaul Tiku
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
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Pugliese R, Bollati C, Gelain F, Arnoldi A, Lammi C. A Supramolecular Approach to Develop New Soybean and Lupin Peptide Nanogels with Enhanced Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-IV) Inhibitory Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3615-3623. [PMID: 30879293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soy1 (IAVPTGVA) and Lup1 (LTFPGSAED), two peptides from soybean and lupin protein hydrolysis, have been singled out as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) activity inhibitors in different model systems. However, their activity is affected by their instability toward intestinal proteases. Here, an innovative strategy based on nanogels was developed in order to increase both their stability and antidiabetic properties through encapsulation into the RADA16 peptide. The nanogel formation was stimulated by a solvent-triggered approach, allowing us to produce stable nanogels ( G' = 1826 Pa, stress-failure ≥50 Pa) with shear-thinning propensity. ThT binding assay, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy experiments showed that nanogels self-aggregated into stable cross-β structures providing higher resistance against proteases (ex vivo experiments) and increased bioavailability of Soy1 and Lup1 peptides (in situ experiments on Caco-2 cells). Hence, this simple and harmless nanotechnological approach could be a key-step in making innovative nanomaterials for nutraceuticals delivering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Pugliese
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology , Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies-ISBReMIT, Fondazione IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza , San Giovanni Rotondo ( FG ), Italy
- Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering (CNTE) , ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda , Milan , Italy
| | - Carlotta Bollati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gelain
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology , Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies-ISBReMIT, Fondazione IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza , San Giovanni Rotondo ( FG ), Italy
- Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering (CNTE) , ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda , Milan , Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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Lammi C, Bollati C, Gelain F, Arnoldi A, Pugliese R. Enhancement of the Stability and Anti-DPPIV Activity of Hempseed Hydrolysates Through Self-Assembling Peptide-Based Hydrogels. Front Chem 2019; 6:670. [PMID: 30733941 PMCID: PMC6353790 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is an increasing interest for bioactive food protein hydrolysates as valuable ingredients for functional food and dietary supplement formulations, their potential applications are hampered by their insufficient stability in physiological conditions. In this study, an innovative strategy based on nanomaterials was developed in order to increase the hempseed hydrolysate stability and the anti-diabetic properties, through their encapsulation into ionic self-complementary RADA16 peptide based-hydrogels. Atomic force microscope (AFM) morphological analysis indicated that the new nanomaterials were composed of a nanofibril network, whose increased diameter in respect to native RADA16 suggests the presence of transient non-covalent interactions among the RADA16 supramolecular assemblies and the embedded hempseed peptides. Structural analysis by FT-IR spectroscopy indicated typical β-sheet signatures. The RADA16-hempseed protein hydrolysate hydrogel was shown to act as a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) inhibitor in different biological assays. Finally, this nanoformulation was used as a drug delivery system of the anti-diabetic drug sitagliptin, helping to reduce its dosage and eventually associated side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, >Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Bollati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, >Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gelain
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies-ISBReMIT, Fondazione IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, >San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, >Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Pugliese
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies-ISBReMIT, Fondazione IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, >San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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Guo X, Shang W, Strappe P, Zhou Z, Blanchard C. Peptides derived from lupin proteins confer potent protection against oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:5225-5234. [PMID: 29635691 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lupin seeds are rich in proteins, which are utilized in the food industry. There is an increased interest in lupin research due to its association with health-related benefits, such as reduction of hypertension and hyperglycemia. However, studies on the peptides derived from lupin proteins are rare. RESULTS Lupin protein hydrolysates (LPHs) were prepared by proteolysis using alcalase, trypsin and pepsin, respectively. All the hydrolysates demonstrated higher antioxidant and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities compared to lupin proteins. The hydrolysates were fractionated into three fractions based on molecular weight (MW), and the peptides with MW < 3 kDa (LPH3) had the highest antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities compared to other fractions. Cell model study revealed that LPH3 fraction had the highest protection against the generation of reactive oxygen species in HepG2 cells, which was associated with increased activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase through upregulation of SOD1, GPX1, GCLM, SLC7A11 and SRXN1 expression. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of amino acid composition indicated that the peptides were characterized with high content of hydrophobic amino acids, which may be responsible for the greatest antioxidant activity. This study highlights the promising potential of lupin peptides as a functional ingredient in healthy foods. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Guo
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenting Shang
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Padraig Strappe
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Zhongkai Zhou
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Chris Blanchard
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
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Grazioso G, Bollati C, Sgrignani J, Arnoldi A, Lammi C. First Food-Derived Peptide Inhibitor of the Protein-Protein Interaction between Gain-of-Function PCSK9 D374Y and the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10552-10557. [PMID: 30226051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is involved in cholesterol homeostasis, because it induces the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) degradation. This protein may carry some positive or negative mutations: PCSK9D374Y is one of the most dangerous gain-of-function mutations. This paper reports the identification of the first food-derived peptide able to inhibit the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between PCSK9D374Y and LDLR. In fact, T9 (GQEQSHQDEGVIVR), an absorbable peptide deriving from lupin β-conglutin, is able to impair the PPI between PCSK9D374Y and the LDLR, with an IC50 value equal to 285.6 ± 2.46 μM. The consequence of this inhibition is an increase of the protein level of the LDLR located on hepatic cell membranes up to 74.3 ± 4.4% and the restoration of the functional capability of HepG2 cells to uptake extracellular low-density lipoprotein up to 83.1 ± 1.6%. Finally, the putative binding mode of T9 to the LDLR binding site located on PCSK9D374Y was postulated by in silico tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Grazioso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Carlotta Bollati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Jacopo Sgrignani
- Istituto di Ricerca in Biomedicina (IRB) , Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI) , Via Vincenzo Vela 6 , CH-6500 Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25 , 20133 Milan , Italy
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Banach M, Patti AM, Giglio RV, Cicero AFG, Atanasov AG, Bajraktari G, Bruckert E, Descamps O, Djuric DM, Ezhov M, Fras Z, von Haehling S, Katsiki N, Langlois M, Latkovskis G, Mancini GBJ, Mikhailidis DP, Mitchenko O, Moriarty PM, Muntner P, Nikolic D, Panagiotakos DB, Paragh G, Paulweber B, Pella D, Pitsavos C, Reiner Ž, Rosano GMC, Rosenson RS, Rysz J, Sahebkar A, Serban MC, Vinereanu D, Vrablík M, Watts GF, Wong ND, Rizzo M. The Role of Nutraceuticals in Statin Intolerant Patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 72:96-118. [PMID: 29957236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Statins are the most common drugs administered for patients with cardiovascular disease. However, due to statin-associated muscle symptoms, adherence to statin therapy is challenging in clinical practice. Certain nutraceuticals, such as red yeast rice, bergamot, berberine, artichoke, soluble fiber, and plant sterols and stanols alone or in combination with each other, as well as with ezetimibe, might be considered as an alternative or add-on therapy to statins, although there is still insufficient evidence available with respect to long-term safety and effectiveness on cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment. These nutraceuticals could exert significant lipid-lowering activity and might present multiple non-lipid-lowering actions, including improvement of endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness, as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. The aim of this expert opinion paper is to provide the first attempt at recommendation on the management of statin intolerance through the use of nutraceuticals with particular attention on those with effective low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, and the Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
| | - Angelo Maria Patti
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Vincenza Giglio
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gani Bajraktari
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Kosovo, and the Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Eric Bruckert
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Endocrinology Department, Hopital Pitié Salpetrière, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Descamps
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centres Hospitaliers Jolimont, Haine Saint-Paul, Belgium; Department of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxells, Belgium
| | - Dragan M Djuric
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian" Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marat Ezhov
- National Cardiology Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zlatko Fras
- Preventive Cardiology Unit, Department of Vascular Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michel Langlois
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, AZ Sint-Jan Hospital, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Gustavs Latkovskis
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Cardiology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - G B John Mancini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Olena Mitchenko
- Dyslipidaemia Department, Institute of Cardiology AMS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Patrick M Moriarty
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Paul Muntner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Dragana Nikolic
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- School of Health Science and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gyorgy Paragh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bernhard Paulweber
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Pella
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Christos Pitsavos
- Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Željko Reiner
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Department of Internal Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Giuseppe M C Rosano
- Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group St. George's Hospitals NHS Trust University of London, London, United Kingdom; IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert S Rosenson
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, and the Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute and Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maria-Corina Serban
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dragos Vinereanu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila," and Department of Cardiology, University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Michal Vrablík
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Cardiometabolic Service, Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, and School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nathan D Wong
- Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Marques MR, Cerda A, Fontanari GG, Pimenta DC, Soares-Freitas RM, Hirata MH, Hirata RDC, Arêas JAG. Transport of cowpea bean derived peptides and their modulator effects on mRNA expression of cholesterol-related genes in Caco-2 and HepG2 cells. Food Res Int 2018; 107:165-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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