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Farruggia D, Di Miceli G, Licata M, Leto C, Salamone F, Novak J. Foliar application of various biostimulants produces contrasting response on yield, essential oil and chemical properties of organically grown sage ( Salvia officinalis L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1397489. [PMID: 39011298 PMCID: PMC11248988 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1397489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is a medicinal and aromatic plant (MAP) belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Its morphological, productive and chemical characteristics are affected by abiotic and biotic factors. The use of biostimulants seems to be one of the most interesting innovative practices due to fact they can represent a promising approach for achieving sustainable and organic agriculture. Despite a large application in horticulture, the use of biostimulants on MAPs has been poorly investigated. On this basis, a field experiment in a 2-year study was done to assess the effect of foliar treatments with different types of biostimulants (containing seaweeds, fulvic acids and protein hydrolysates) and two frequencies of application on morphological, productive, and chemical characteristics of S. officinalis grown organically in Mediterranean environment. Morphological, productive, and chemical parameters were affected by the factors. The biostimulant application generated higher plant height, chlorophyll content, relative water content, biomass yield and essential oil yield compared to control plants. In addition, more frequent application of biostimulants produced higher biomass and essential oil yield. The application of fulvic acid and protein hydrolysates every week produced the highest total fresh yields (between 3.9 and 8.7 t ha-1) and total dry yields (between 1.3 and 2.5 t ha-1). The essential oil yield almost doubled (33.9 kg ha-1) with a higher frequency of protein hydrolysates application. In this study, 44 essential oil compounds were identified, and the frequency factor significantly influenced the percentage of 38 compounds. The highest percentage of some of the most representative monoterpenes, such as 1,8-cineole, α-thujone and camphor, were observed in biostimulated plants, with average increases between 6% and 35% compared to control plants. The highest values for total phenolics, rosmarinic acid, antioxidant activity were obtained in control plants and with a lower frequency of biostimulant applications. This study emphasizes how biostimulant applications may be used to improve sage production performance and essential oil parameters when produced in agricultural organic system. At the same time, biostimulants application caused a decrease in total phenolic, antioxidant activity and rosmarinic acid values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Farruggia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Miceli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Licata
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Leto
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Research Consortium for the Development of Innovative Agro-Environmental Systems (CoRiSSIA), Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Salamone
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Johannes Novak
- Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Grzegorczyk-Karolak I, Ejsmont W, Kiss AK, Tabaka P, Starbała W, Krzemińska M. Improvement of Bioactive Polyphenol Accumulation in Callus of Salvia atropatana Bunge. Molecules 2024; 29:2626. [PMID: 38893502 PMCID: PMC11173501 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Callus cultures of the Iranian medicinal plant Salvia atropatana were initiated from three-week-old seedlings on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and various cytokinins. Although all tested hormonal variants of the medium and explant enabled callus induction, the most promising growth was noted for N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea (CPPU)-induced calli. Three lines obtained on this medium (cotyledon line-CL, hypocotyl line-HL, and root line-RL) were preselected for further studies. Phenolic compounds in the callus tissues were identified using UPLC-MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) and quantified with HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography). All lines exhibited intensive growth and contained twelve phenolic acid derivatives, with rosmarinic acid predominating. The cotyledon-derived callus line displayed the highest growth index values and polyphenol content; this was exposed to different light-emitting diodes (LED) for improving biomass accumulation and secondary metabolite yield. Under LED treatments, all callus lines exhibited enhanced RA and total phenolic content compared to fluorescent light, with the highest levels observed for white (48.5-50.2 mg/g dry weight) and blue (51.4-53.9 mg/g dry weight) LEDs. The selected callus demonstrated strong antioxidant potential in vitro based on the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests. Our findings confirm that the S. atropatana callus system is suitable for enhanced rosmarinic acid production; the selected optimized culture provide high-quality plant-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (W.E.); (W.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Wiktoria Ejsmont
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (W.E.); (W.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Anna Karolina Kiss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Przemyslaw Tabaka
- Institute of Electrical Power Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Wiktoria Starbała
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (W.E.); (W.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Marta Krzemińska
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (W.E.); (W.S.); (M.K.)
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Krushna BRR, Manjunatha K, Wu SY, Sivaganesh D, Sharma SC, Sridhar C, Joy FD, Ramesha H, Prakash Dalbanjan N, Devaraju KS, Nagabhushana H. Ultrasound-driven facile fabrication of Pd doped SnO 2 hierarchical superstructures: Structural, growth mechanism, dermatoglyphics, and anti-cancer activity. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 160:213855. [PMID: 38643692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
This research introduces a novel method that leverages Spirulina extract (S.E) as a bio-surfactant in the ultrasound-assisted synthesis (UAS) of Pd3+ (0.25-10 mol%) doped tin oxide (SnO2) self-assembled superstructures. Nanotechnology has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, driven by the exploration of novel synthesis methods and the development of advanced nanomaterials tailored for specific applications. Metal oxide nanoparticles, particularly SnO2, have garnered considerable attention due to their versatile properties and potential applications in various fields, including gas sensing, catalysis, and biomedical engineering. The study explores how varying influential parameters like S.E concentration, sonication time, pH, and sonication power can influence the resulting superstructures' morphology, size, and shape. A theoretical model for forming different hierarchical superstructures (HS) is proposed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the crystalline tetragonal rutile phase of the SnO2:Pd HS. Raman spectroscopy reveals a red shift in the A1g mode, indicating phonon confinement due to various defects in the SnO2 structure. Further characterization using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provides insights into particle size, surface morphology, elemental composition, and binding energy. The study also demonstrates the application of optimized SnO2:3Pd HS in developing latent fingerprints (LFPs) on different surfaces using a simple powder dusting (PD) method, with the fingerprints (FPs) visualized under normal light. A mathematical model developed in Python-based software is used to analyze various features of the developed FPs, including pore properties such as number, position, inter-spacing, area, and shape. Additionally, an in vitro MTT assay shows concentration-dependent anticancer activity of SnO2:3Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on MCF7 cell lines, highlighting their potential as a promising cancer treatment option. Overall, the study suggests that the optimized HS can serve as multifunctional platforms for biomedical and dermatoglyphics applications, demonstrating the versatility and potential of the synthesized materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Radha Krushna
- Prof. C.N.R. Rao Centre for Advanced Materials, Tumkur University, Tumkur 572 103, India
| | - K Manjunatha
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng Yun Wu
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - D Sivaganesh
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira str., Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - S C Sharma
- Honorary Professor of Law and Forensic Materials, Jain University, Bangalore-562112, India
| | - C Sridhar
- Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600078, India
| | - Fr Deepu Joy
- Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College, Autonomous, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560077, India
| | - H Ramesha
- Department of Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India
| | | | - K S Devaraju
- Department of Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India
| | - H Nagabhushana
- Prof. C.N.R. Rao Centre for Advanced Materials, Tumkur University, Tumkur 572 103, India.
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Chen C, Chen L, Mao C, Jin L, Wu S, Zheng Y, Cui Z, Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhu S, Jiang H, Liu X. Natural Extracts for Antibacterial Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306553. [PMID: 37847896 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria-induced epidemics and infectious diseases are seriously threatening the health of people around the world. In addition, antibiotic therapy has been inducing increasingly more serious bacterial resistance, which makes it urgent to develop new treatment strategies to combat bacteria, including multidrug-resistant bacteria. Natural extracts displaying antibacterial activity and good biocompatibility have attracted much attention due to greater concerns about the safety of synthetic chemicals and emerging drug resistance. These antibacterial components can be isolated and utilized as antimicrobials, as well as transformed, combined, or wrapped with other substances by using modern assistive technologies to fight bacteria synergistically. This review summarizes recent advances in natural extracts from three kinds of sources-plants, animals, and microorganisms-for antibacterial applications. This work discusses the corresponding antibacterial mechanisms and the future development of natural extracts in antibacterial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Chen
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Health Science & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Xiping Avenue 5340#, Tianjin, 300401, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5#, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Health Science & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Xiping Avenue 5340#, Tianjin, 300401, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5#, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Congyang Mao
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Liguo Jin
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5#, Beijing, 100871, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135#, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5#, Beijing, 100871, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135#, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5#, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhenduo Cui
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135#, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135#, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shengli Zhu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135#, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135#, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiangmei Liu
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Health Science & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Xiping Avenue 5340#, Tianjin, 300401, China
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Vo QV, Hoa NT, Flavel M, Thong NM, Boulebd H, Nam PC, Quang DT, Mechler A. A Comprehensive Study of the Radical Scavenging Activity of Rosmarinic Acid. J Org Chem 2023; 88:17237-17248. [PMID: 38011833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is reported in separate studies to be either an inducer or reliever of oxidative stress, and this contradiction has not been resolved. In this study, we present a comprehensive examination of the radical scavenging activity of RA using density functional theory calculations in comparison with experimental data. In model physiological media, RA exhibited strong HO• radical scavenging activity with overall rate constant values of 2.89 × 1010 and 3.86 × 109 M-1 s-1. RA is anticipated to exhibit excellent scavenging properties for HOO• in an aqueous environment (koverall = 3.18 × 108 M-1 s-1, ≈2446 times of Trolox) following the hydrogen transfer and single electron transfer pathways of the dianion state. The neutral form of the activity is equally noteworthy in a lipid environment (koverall = 3.16 × 104 M-1 s-1) by the formal hydrogen transfer mechanism of the O6(7,15,16)-H bonds. Chelation with RA may prevent Cu(II) from reduction by the ascorbic acid anion (AA-), hence blocking the OIL-1 pathway, suggesting that RA in an aqueous environment also serves as an OIL-1 antioxidant. The computational findings exhibit strong concurrence with the experimental observations, indicating that RA possesses a significant efficacy as a radical scavenger in physiological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan V Vo
- The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education, Danang550000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education, Danang550000, Vietnam
| | - Matthew Flavel
- TPM Bioactives Division, The Product Makers Pty. Ltd., Melbourne 3173, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Nguyen Minh Thong
- The University of Danang-University of Science and Education, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Houssem Boulebd
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, University of Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine 25017, Algeria
| | - Pham Cam Nam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Danang - University of Science and Technology, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Duong Tuan Quang
- University of Education, Hue University, Hue City 530000, Vietnam
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
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Zhang M, Xing Y, Ma J, Zhang Y, Yu J, Wang X, Jia X. Investigation of the response of Platycodongrandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC to salt stress using combined transcriptomics and metabolomics. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:589. [PMID: 38001405 PMCID: PMC10675982 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04536-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC is a famous traditional Chinese medicine in China and an authentic medicine in Inner Mongolia. It has been traditionally used as an expectorant in cough and also has anti-inflammatory and other pharmacological effects. As a homologous plant of medicine and food, P. grandiflorus is widely planted in Northeast China. Soil salinity isa limiting factor for its cultivation. In this study, we comprehensively described the physiological characteristics of P. grandiflorus and combined transcriptomics and metabolomics to study the response of roots of P. grandiflorus to salt stress. RESULTS Overall, 8,988 differentially expressed genes were activated and significantly altered the metabolic processes. In total, 428 differentially abundant metabolites were affected by salt stress. After moderate and severe salt stress, most of the differentially abundant metabolites were enriched in the L-phenylalanine metabolic pathway. Through the comprehensive analysis of the interaction between key genes and metabolites, the main pathways such as lignin compound biosynthesis and triterpene saponin biosynthesis were completed. The relative content of compounds related to lignin biosynthesis, such as caffeic acid, coniferin, and syringing, increased under salt stress, and the related genes such as PAL, C4H, and the key enzyme gene UGT72E2 were activated to adapt to the salt stress. Platycodon saponin is one of the major triterpene saponins in P. grandiflorus, and Platycodin D is its most abundant major bioactive component. Under severe salt stress, Platycodin D level increased by nearly 1.77-fold compared with the control group. Most of the genes involved insynthetic pathway of Platycodin D, such as HMGCR, GGPS, SE, and LUP, were upregulated under salt stress. CONCLUSION Salt stress led to a decrease in the biomass and affected the activities of antioxidant enzymes and contents of osmotic regulators in the plant. These results provided not only novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of response of P. grandiflorus to salt stress but also a foundation for future studies on the function of genes related to salt tolerance in the triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yushu Xing
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiannan Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Juan Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
| | - Xin Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
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Miljanović A, Dent M, Grbin D, Pedisić S, Zorić Z, Marijanović Z, Jerković I, Bielen A. Sage, Rosemary, and Bay Laurel Hydrodistillation By-Products as a Source of Bioactive Compounds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2394. [PMID: 37446955 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils from Mediterranean wild plants are widely used, but the hydrodistillation residues produced in parallel with these essential oils are significantly understudied and underexploited. Since there are only fragmentary data in the literature, we have, for the first time, systematically analyzed the chemical composition of the by-products obtained after hydrodistillation of sage, bay laurel, and rosemary leaves, i.e., hydrolates, water residues, and solid residues. The chemical composition of the hydrolates changed compared to their respective essential oils towards the dominance of more hydrophilic, oxygenated compounds, such as camphor in sage, 1,8-cineole in bay laurel, and berbenone in rosemary. However, some compounds, mostly sesquiterpenes, which were present in considerable amounts in essential oils, were absent or only present in very small amounts in the hydrolates. Furthermore, both the water and the solid residues were rich in polyphenols, such as procyanidins in bay laurel and rosmarinic acid in rosemary and sage. In conclusion, we demonstrate the valuable chemical composition of sage, rosemary, and bay laurel hydrodistillation by-products and discuss a wide range of their possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anđela Miljanović
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Dent
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dorotea Grbin
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Pedisić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Zorić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zvonimir Marijanović
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21 000 Split, Croatia
| | - Igor Jerković
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21 000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Bielen
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Schmiderer C, Steinborn R, Novak J. Monoterpene synthases of three closely related sage species (Salvia officinalis, S. fruticosa and S. pomifera, Lamiaceae). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:318-327. [PMID: 36738511 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of plant monoterpenes is largely based on the catalytic activity of monoterpene synthases. Additionally, copy number variation of monoterpene synthase genes may contribute to the quantity of transcripts and hence to the essential oil profile. This study used whole-genome sequencing and digital PCR for the measurement of copy number variation and quantification of gene expression in three closely related Salvia species, namely Salvia officinalis, Salvia pomifera and Salvia fruticosa. Twelve, 13 and 15 monoterpene synthase-encoding open-reading frames were predicted for Salvia officinalis, Salvia pomifera and Salvia fruticosa, respectively. In Salvia officinalis, one of the open reading frames was disrupted indicating a pseudogene. Monoterpene synthase genes were generally single copy per haploid genome, only a few were double or triple copy genes. Expression levels of monoterpene synthases in leaves corresponded generally well with essential oil composition. In some cases, a higher expression level of a certain monoterpene synthase could be explained by its duplication or triplication. The very high content of thujones in Salvia pomifera, for example, was accompanied by gene duplication and increased gene expression of (+)-sabinene synthase responsible for the thujone precursor sabinene. In Salvia officinalis, three individuals different in their essential oil profile showed significant differences in their monoterpene synthase expression levels corresponding roughly to the profile of the essential oils. Transcript expression of monoterpene synthase genes were measured in leaf, calyx and corolla. The corolla differed significantly from leaves, while calyces usually showed a profile intermediary between leaf and corolla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Schmiderer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralf Steinborn
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Novak
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Biodegradable and active zein-gelatin-based electrospun mats and solvent-cast films incorporating sage extract: Formulation and comparative characterization. Food Packag Shelf Life 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2023.101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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10
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Christaki S, Bouloumpasi E, Lalidou E, Chatzopoulou P, Irakli M. Bioactive Profile of Distilled Solid By-Products of Rosemary, Greek Sage and Spearmint as Affected by Distillation Methods. Molecules 2022; 27:9058. [PMID: 36558189 PMCID: PMC9783801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
By-products of essential oils (EOs) in the industry represent an exploitable material for natural and safe antioxidant production. One representative group of such by-products is distilled solid residues, whose composition is properly modulated by the distillation method applied for the recovery of EOs. Recently, in terms of Green Chemistry principles, conventional extraction and distillation processes are considered outdated and tend to be replaced by more environmentally friendly ones. In the present study, microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) was employed as a novel and green method for the recovery of EOs from three aromatic plants (rosemary, Greek sage and spearmint). The method was compared to conventional ones, hydro-distillation (HD) and steam-distillation (SD), in terms of phytochemical composition of distilled solid residues, which was estimated by spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH and FRAP) results highlighted the distilled solid residues as good sources of antioxidants. Moreover, higher antioxidant activity was achieved for MAHD extracts of solid residues in comparison to HD and SD extracts. A metabolomics approach was carried out on the methanolic extracts of solid residues obtained by different distillation methods using LC-MS analysis followed by multivariate data analysis. A total of 29 specialized metabolites were detected, and 26 of them were identified and quantified, presenting a similar phenolic profile among different treatments, whereas differences were observed among different species. Rosmarinic acid was the most abundant phenolic compound in all extracts, being higher in MAHD extracts. In rosemary and Greek sage extracts, carnosol and carnosic acid were quantified in significant amounts, while trimers and tetramers of caffeic acid (salvianolic acids isomers) were identified and quantified in spearmint extracts, being higher in MAHD extracts. The obtained results pointed out that MAHD extracts of distilled solid by-products could be a good source of bioactives with potential application in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, contributing to the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Christaki
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Dimitra, Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Institute, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elisavet Bouloumpasi
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Dimitra, Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Institute, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Lalidou
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Dimitra, Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Institute, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalina Chatzopoulou
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Dimitra, Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Institute, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Irakli
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Dimitra, Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Institute, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Bauhinia forficata Link Infusions: Chemical and Bioactivity of Volatile and Non-Volatile Fractions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175415. [PMID: 36080183 PMCID: PMC9457595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate Bauhinia forficata infusions prepared using samples available in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. As such, infusions at 5% (w/v) of different brands and batches commercialized in the city (CS1, CS2, CS3, and CS4) and samples of plant material botanically identified (BS) were evaluated to determine their total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC), antioxidant capacity (ABTS•+, DPPH•, and FRAP assays), phytochemical profile, volatile compounds, and inhibitory effects against the α-amylase enzyme. The results showed that infusions prepared using BS samples had lower TPC, TFC and antioxidant potential than the commercial samples (p < 0.05). The batch averages presented high standard deviations mainly for the commercial samples, corroborating sample heterogeneity. Sample volatile fractions were mainly composed of terpenes (40 compounds identified). In the non-volatile fraction, 20 compounds were identified, with emphasis on the CS3 sample, which comprised most of the compounds, mainly flavonoid derivatives. PCA analysis demonstrated more chemical diversity in non-volatile than volatile compounds. The samples also inhibited the α-amylase enzyme (IC50 value: 0.235−0.801 mg RE/mL). Despite the differences observed in this work, B. forficata is recognized as a source of bioactive compounds that can increase the intake of antioxidant compounds by the population.
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Hedayati A, Naseri F, Nourozi E, Hosseini B, Honari H, Hemmaty S. Response of Saponaria officinalis L. hairy roots to the application of TiO 2 nanoparticles in terms of production of valuable polyphenolic compounds and SO6 protein. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 178:80-92. [PMID: 35276598 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Saponaria officinalis L. is a perennial plant from the Caryophyllaceae family whose various parts are used in traditional medicine as the treatment agent of skin diseases, blood purifier, diuretic, sudorific, and bile purifier. The cultivation system of hairy roots is a proper alternative for improving the valuable pharmaceutical compounds production compared to other in-vitro methods. The extensive nanotechnology applications in hairy roots cultivation is a sustainable production foundation to produce such active elements. In this study, the effect of various concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) (0, 10, 20, 30, 50 mg L-1) with two treatments (24 and 48 h) was examined on the growth level, antioxidant capacity, total phenol and flavonoid contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, certain polyphenol compounds and SO6 protein in hairy roots of S. officinalis. According to the results, the maximum (3.09 g) and minimum (0.96 g) fresh weight (FW) of hairy roots were observed in treated culture media with 10 and 20 mg L-1 of TiO2 NPs after 24 and 48 h of exposure times, respectively. The highest rate of total phenol (9.79 mg GLA g-1 FW) and total flavonoid contents (1.06 mg QE g-1 FW) were obtained in the treated hairy roots with 50 and 30 mg L-1 of nano elicitor in 24 and 48 h of treatments, respectively. The maximum level of most polyphenols, such as rosmarinic acid, cinnamic acid, and rutin, was produced in 24 h of treatment. The use of TiO2 NP for 48 h with 50 mg L-1 concentration showed the highest production level of SO6 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahad Hedayati
- Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), West Azarbayjan Branch, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Naseri
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Elnaz Nourozi
- Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), West Azarbayjan Branch, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bahman Hosseini
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hossein Honari
- Biology Science and Technology Center, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Syavash Hemmaty
- Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), West Azarbayjan Branch, Urmia, Iran
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Jafari Khorsand G, Morshedloo MR, Mumivand H, Emami Bistgani Z, Maggi F, Khademi A. Natural diversity in phenolic components and antioxidant properties of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) accessions, grown under the same conditions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5813. [PMID: 35388099 PMCID: PMC8987097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09742-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) is a rich source of biologically active components such as phenolic compounds. Here, seven pot grown O. vulgare accessions belonging to three subspecies (subsp. virens, subsp. vulgare and subsp. gracile) were investigated for their content in sixteen bioactive phenolic compounds as well as their antioxidant capacities (DPPH• and FRAP tests), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in order to identify the most suitable ones on an industrial level. HPLC analyses showed that rosmarinic acid (659.6-1646.9 mg/100 g DW) was by far the most abundant constituent, followed by luteolin (46.5-345.4 mg/100 g DW), chicoric acid (36.3-212.5 mg/100 g DW), coumarin (65.7-193.9 mg/100 g DW) and quercetin (10.6-106.1 mg/100 g DW), with variability in concentration depending on the accession and subspecies. The highest level of rosmarinic acid and TPC was obtained from Ardabil accession (subsp. virens). There was a significant and positive correlation between rosmarinic acid and antioxidant activity (r = 0.46). TFC significantly correlated to TPC (r = 0.57) as well as to chicoric acid (r = 0.73). Cluster (CA) and principal component (PCA) analyses classified the investigated accessions in three different groups. Such natural variabilities in phenolics provide the possibility of using elite plants for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries and domestication of highly antioxidative accessions of oregano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Jafari Khorsand
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Morshedloo
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Hasan Mumivand
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Zohreh Emami Bistgani
- Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Abdolvahab Khademi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, USA
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Abdul Rahim R, Jayusman PA, Lim V, Ahmad NH, Abdul Hamid ZA, Mohamed S, Muhammad N, Ahmad F, Mokhtar N, Mohamed N, Shuid AN, Naina Mohamed I. Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Bone Anabolic Effects of Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:796509. [PMID: 35111063 PMCID: PMC8802550 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.796509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson [Asteraceae] (B. acmella) is an important medicinal plant native to Brazil, and it is widely known as a toothache plant. A plethora of studies have demonstrated the antioxidant activities of B. acmella and few studies on the stimulatory effects on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) secretion from bone cells; however, there is no study on its antioxidant and anabolic activity on bone cells. The study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical contents of aqueous and ethanol extracts of B. acmella using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) and liquid chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry (LCTOFMS) along with the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum colorimetric methods. The extracts of B. acmella leaves were used to scavenge synthetic-free radicals such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The bone anabolic effects of B. acmella extracts on MC3T3-E1 cells were measured with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazoium bromide (MTT) at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, Sirius-red and ALP at 7 and 14 days, and Alizarin Red S at 14 and 21 days. Comparatively, ethanol extract of B. acmella (BaE) contributed higher antioxidant activities (IC50 of 476.71 µg/ml and 56.01 ± 6.46 mg L-ascorbic acid/g against DPPH and FRAP, respectively). Anabolic activities in bone proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization were also higher in B. acmella of ethanol (BaE) than aqueous (BaA) extracts. Positive correlations were observed between phenolic content (TPC and TFC) to antioxidant (ABTS and FRAP) and anabolic activities. Conversely, negative correlations were present between phenolic content to antioxidant (DPPH) activity. These potential antioxidant and bone anabolic activities in BaE might be due to the phytochemicals confirmed through GCMS and LCTOFMS, revealed that terpenoids of α-cubebene, cryophyllene, cryophyllene oxide, phytol and flavonoids of pinostrobin and apigenin were the compounds contributing to both antioxidant and anabolic effects in BaE. Thus, B. acmella may be a valuable antioxidant and anti-osteoporosis agent. Further study is needed to isolate, characterize and elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the antioxidant and bone anabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohanizah Abdul Rahim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Putri Ayu Jayusman
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vuanghao Lim
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hazwani Ahmad
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sharlina Mohamed
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Muhammad
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fairus Ahmad
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norfilza Mokhtar
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norazlina Mohamed
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Salević A, Stojanović D, Lević S, Pantić M, Đorđević V, Pešić R, Bugarski B, Pavlović V, Uskoković P, Nedović V. The Structuring of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Extract-Incorporating Edible Zein-Based Materials with Antioxidant and Antibacterial Functionality by Solvent Casting versus Electrospinning. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030390. [PMID: 35159540 PMCID: PMC8834357 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, in order to develop zein-based, edible, functional food-contact materials in different forms incorporating sage extract (10, 20, and 30%), solvent casting and electrospinning were employed. The study aimed to assess the effects of the applied techniques and the extract’s incorporation on the materials’ properties. The solvent casting generated continuous and compact films, where the extract’s incorporation provided more homogenous surfaces. The electrospinning resulted in non-woven mats composed of ribbon-like fibers in the range of 1.275–1.829 µm, while the extract’s incorporation provided thinner and branched fibers. The results indicated the compatibility between the materials’ constituents, and efficient and homogenous extract incorporation within the zein matrices, with more probable interactions occurring during the solvent casting. All of the formulations had a high dry matter content, whereas the mats and the formulations incorporating the extract had higher solubility and swelling in water. The films and mats presented similar DPPH• and ABTS•+ radical scavenging abilities, while the influence on Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium bacteria, and the growth inhibition, were complex. The antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the materials were more potent after the extract’s incorporation. Overall, the results highlight the potential of the developed edible materials for use as food-contact materials with active/bioactive functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Salević
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.S.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.)
| | - Dušica Stojanović
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (P.U.)
| | - Steva Lević
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.S.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.)
| | - Milena Pantić
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.S.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.)
| | - Verica Đorđević
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.Đ.); (R.P.); (B.B.)
| | - Radojica Pešić
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.Đ.); (R.P.); (B.B.)
| | - Branko Bugarski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.Đ.); (R.P.); (B.B.)
| | - Vladimir Pavlović
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.S.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.)
| | - Petar Uskoković
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (P.U.)
| | - Viktor Nedović
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.S.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-441-3154
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Bodaghzadeh A, Alirezalu K, Amini S, Alirezalu A, Domínguez R, Lorenzo J. Fatty acid composition, phytochemicals and antioxidant potential of Capparis spinosa sedes. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2022. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.0890201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the contents in bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, oil content and fatty acid composition of Capparis spinosa seeds. Samples were collected from 5 different habitats (AH: Ahar; KU: Kurdistan; U1, U2 and U3: Urmia) in Iran. The oil content in the seeds ranged from 16 to 27%. The predominant fatty acid was linoleic acid (45-50%) followed by oleic acid (30-39%), palmitic acid (2-8%) and stearic acid (2-3%). Total phenolic content (TPC) varied from 16.3 to 24.2 mg GAE/ g DW; total flavonoid content (TFC) ranged from 1.48 to 3.05 mg QE/g DW; and the antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) of the seeds was between 35 and 63%. The compounds obtained from different genotypes of C. spinosa seeds had different compositions, great antioxidant capacity and unsaturated fatty acids, and therefore could be a prospective source of natural bioactive molecules for the food and health industry.
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Ohta K, Miyazaki M, Shiratsuchi H, Kobayashi H, Ishikawa H. The effect of herb extracts on the off-odor formation from lipid oxidation. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.fstr-d-22-00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mao Miyazaki
- Food Laboratory of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka Women’s University
| | - Haruna Shiratsuchi
- Food Laboratory of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka Women’s University
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Food Laboratory of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka Women’s University
| | - Hiroya Ishikawa
- Food Laboratory of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka Women’s University
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Lu P, Sui M, Zhang M, Wang M, Kamiya T, Okamoto K, Itoh H, Okuda S, Suzuki M, Asakura T, Fujiwara T, Nagata K. Rosmarinic Acid and Sodium Citrate Have a Synergistic Bacteriostatic Effect against Vibrio Species by Inhibiting Iron Uptake. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13010. [PMID: 34884815 PMCID: PMC8657459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New strategies are needed to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria. The restriction of iron uptake by bacteria is a promising way to inhibit their growth. We aimed to suppress the growth of Vibrio bacterial species by inhibiting their ferric ion-binding protein (FbpA) using food components. METHODS Twenty spices were selected for the screening of FbpA inhibitors. The candidate was applied to antibacterial tests, and the mechanism was further studied. RESULTS An active compound, rosmarinic acid (RA), was screened out. RA binds competitively and more tightly than Fe3+ to VmFbpA, the FbpA from V. metschnikovii, with apparent KD values of 8 μM vs. 17 μM. Moreover, RA can inhibit the growth of V. metschnikovii to one-third of the control at 1000 μM. Interestingly, sodium citrate (SC) enhances the growth inhibition effect of RA, although SC only does not inhibit the growth. The combination of RA/SC completely inhibits the growth of not only V. metschnikovii at 100/100 μM but also the vibriosis-causative pathogens V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus, at 100/100 and 1000/100 μM, respectively. However, RA/SC does not affect the growth of Escherichia coli. CONCLUSIONS RA/SC is a potential bacteriostatic agent against Vibrio species while causing little damage to indigenous gastrointestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Miaomiao Sui
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Mimin Zhang
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Takehiro Kamiya
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Ken Okamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Hideaki Itoh
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Suguru Okuda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Tomiko Asakura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Koji Nagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Bai Y, Liu H, Pan J, Zhang S, Guo Y, Xian Y, Sun Z, Zhang Z. Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Changes Triggered by Inflorescence Removal in Panax notoginseng (Burk.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:761821. [PMID: 34868157 PMCID: PMC8636121 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.761821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The root of Panax notoginseng (Burk.), in which saponins are the major active components, is a famous traditional Chinese medicine used to stop bleeding and to decrease inflammation and heart disease. Inflorescence removal increases the yield and quality of P. notoginseng, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Here, the differences between inflorescence-removal treatment and control groups of P. notoginseng were compared using transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses. Illumina sequencing of cDNA libraries prepared from the rhizomes, leaves and roots of the two groups independently identified 6,464, 4,584, and 7,220 differentially expressed genes (DEG), respectively. In total, 345 differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs), including MYB and WRKY family members, were induced by the inflorescence-removal treatment. Additionally, 215 DEGs involved in saponin terpenoid backbone biosynthetic pathways were identified. Most genes involved in the mevalonic acid (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways were activated by inflorescence removal. The co-expression analysis showed that the low expression levels of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes (e.g., C4H and F3H) decreased the biosynthesis and accumulation of some flavonoids after inflorescence removal. The results not only provide new insights into the fundamental mechanisms underlying the poorly studied inflorescence-removal process in P. notoginseng and other rhizome crops, but they also represent an important resource for future research on gene functions during inflorescence-removal treatments and the reproductive stage.
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Investigation of the long-term stability of various tinctures belonging to the lamiaceae family by HPLC and spectrophotometry method. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of the current study was to analyze the stability of rosmarinic acid in ethanolic tinctures of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), peppermint (Mentha x piperita), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). High-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC–DAD) was employed to monitor the concentration of the marker compound over a six month period. Furthermore, the tinctures were also evaluated for caffeic acid, total phenolic content, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. We observed that the concentration of rosmarinic acid in tincture stored in closed amber glasses at ambient temperature decreased significantly during 6-month storage. Furthermore, our study squarely confirms the fact that a part of rosmarinic acid is converted to caffeic acid. The tested tinctures can be listed in the following order according to the greatest stability of the marker compound: rosemary > peppermint > oregano > lemon balm > thyme > sage. The results of the study indicated a linear relationship between DPPH values and total phenolic (R2 = 0.92) or rosmarinic acid (R2 = 0.85) contents.
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Nourozi E, Hosseini B, Maleki R, Abdollahi Mandoulakani B. Inductive effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the anticancer compounds production and expression of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis genes in Dracocephalum kotschyi transformed roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:934-945. [PMID: 34555667 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Methoxylated flavonoids, mainly xanthomicrol and cirsimaritin that can be extracted from Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss, have anticancer, antispasmodic and antiplatelet effects. The production of these valuable pharmaceutical compounds is one of the major goals of biotechnology studies. In this work, induced transformed roots were influenced by various concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) at 24 or 48 h exposure time. The effects of TiO2 NPs were assessed on growth rate, activity of antioxidant enzymes, total phenol and flavonoid content (TPC and TFC) and rosmarinic acid (RA) and some flavonoids accumulation. The gene expression level of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) and rosmarinic acid synthase (ras) genes were assessed by real time PCR analysis. The transformed roots biomass was substantially increased in elicited roots in comparison with the control. The TPC, TFC and antioxidant enzymes activitywere affected by TiO2 NPs concentration and exposure time. Valuable flavonoids with anticancer characteristics along with xanthomicrol, cirsimaritin and isokaempferide exhibited an increase (70, 34.28 and 7.81-fold, respectively) versus the control. The maximum content of RA (530.5 μg g-1 FW), which was 4.30 times as great as that of control was detected in samples treated with TiO2 NPs (50 mg L-1) 24 h after elicitation. Real-time PCR analysis revealed a considerable increase in pal and ras expression rate engaged by TiO2 NPs levels and exposure time. Overall D. kotschyi transformed roots elicitation by TiO2 NPs led to a massive increment in the production of valuable anticancer flavonoids such as xanthomicrol, cirsimaritin and RA as polyphenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Nourozi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), West Azarbayjan Branch, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Bahman Hosseini
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ramin Maleki
- Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), West Azarbayjan Branch, Urmia, Iran
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Lim Ah Tock MJ, Chen W, Combrinck S, Sandasi M, Kamatou GPP, Viljoen AM. Exploring the phytochemical variation of non-volatile metabolites within three South African Salvia species using UPLC-MS fingerprinting and chemometric analysis. Fitoterapia 2021; 152:104940. [PMID: 34029652 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The South African Salvia species, Salvia africana-lutea, S. lanceolata and S. chamelaeagnea, are widely used to treat fever and inflammation associated with skin and lung infections. The aim of this study was to explore the non-volatile secondary metabolites and the phytochemical variation within these lesser known species, to support product development and commercialisation. Chemical profiles of the methanol extracts of 81 wild-harvested samples were obtained using ultra performance-quadrupole-Time-of-Flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-qToF-MS). Forty-one compounds, including caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, carnosol, carnosic acid and ursolic acid, were detected and confirmed across the three species. Nineteen compounds were tentatively identified of which 14 have not been reported in these species. Principal component analysis revealed distinct clusters corresponding to the three species, confirming chemical differences. Marker compounds for each species were revealed using orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis. Further chemometric analysis reflected a degree of intraspecies variation, although the chemistry within populations was mostly conserved. Potential chemotypes for each species were identified through unique compounds associated with each group. The concentrations of medicinally important metabolites, namely, rosmarinic acid, carnosol, carnosic acid and ursolic acid, were determined, using validated UPLC-PDA methods. Ursolic acid was present at levels up to 38.2 mg/g, confirming that these species are a rich source of this compound. No similar studies combining liquid chromatography with chemometric analysis, and utilising a large sample size from various habitats, have been reported for these three Salvia species. The results will guide selection of cultivars with the best attributes for the intended therapeutic application, thereby protecting wild populations from over-exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lim Ah Tock
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - W Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - S Combrinck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Sandasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - G P P Kamatou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A M Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Khan MS, Aziz S, Khan MZ, Khalid ZM, Riaz M, Ahmed D, Ali I, Arif N, Wang D, Ahmad MS, Zahid N. Antihyperglycemic effect and phytochemical investigation of Rubia cordifolia (Indian Madder) leaves extract. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2021-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Medicinal plants are used as an important source of medicines in pharmaceutical industry. Rubia cordifolia is widely used to cure diabetes mellitus. Present study was aimed to investigate the antihyperglycemic effects of different fractions of R. cordifolia leaves and to analyze its antioxidant effect and phytochemical composition. Male albino mice were randomly distributed into seven groups (n = 7). Group-I was normal control, group-II was Alloxan (100 mg/kg)-induced diabetic control, and group-III was standard drug (Glibenclamide 0.5 mg/kg)-treated group. Animals in groups IV–VII were treated with n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, n-butanol fraction and aqueous fraction of R. cordifolia, orally administered (100 mg/kg) once daily up to 28 days after Alloxan induction, respectively. Methanolic extract (ME) and fractions of R. cordifilia were analyzed for antioxidant activity and quantification of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. HPLC of ME and most active fractions were performed. The results showed that RCEF (G-V) and RCBF (G-VI) have significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the increased level of glucose as compared to toxicant control group. It was further revealed that EF and BF have higher antioxidant activity (having IC50 34.9, 36.86 (µg/mL)) owing to phenolic and flavonoid identified by HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences (FBAS), International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI) , Postal Code 44000 , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Shahid Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST) , Mirpur , AJ&K , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zakryya Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences (FBAS), International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI) , Postal Code 44000 , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Zafar Mahmood Khalid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences (FBAS), International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI) , Postal Code 44000 , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences (FBAS), International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI) , Postal Code 44000 , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Dawood Ahmed
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University of Haripur , Haripur , Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University , Gilgit Baltastan (GB) , Pakistan
| | - Nazia Arif
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir , Muzaffarabad , AJ&K , Pakistan
| | - Deiji Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Department of Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Quilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan , Shandong 250014 , China
| | - Muhammad Sheeraz Ahmad
- Department of National Center of Industrial Biotechnology (NCIB), PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi , Murree Road , Rawalpindi , Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Zahid
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST) , Mirpur 10250 , Azad Kashmir , Pakistan
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Shanaida M, Hudz N, Jasicka-Misiak I, Wieczorek PP. Polyphenols and Pharmacological Screening of a Monarda fistulosa L. dry Extract Based on a Hydrodistilled Residue By-Product. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:563436. [PMID: 33995001 PMCID: PMC8118672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.563436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the composition and content of polyphenols in the dry extract obtained from the hydrodistilled residue by-product of the wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa L., Lamiaceae Martinov family) herb (MFDE) and to evaluate its safety and pharmacological properties. The total phenolic content (TPC) in the MFDE was 120.64 mg GAE/g. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed the presence of a plethora of phenolic compounds, including hydroxycinnamic acids and flavone derivatives in the MFDE, with rosmarinic acid and luteolin-7-O-glucoside being the main components. With an IC50 value of 0.285 mg/mL, it was found to be a strong DPPH radical scavenger. The acute toxicity study results indicate that the oral administration of MFDE to rats at the doses of 500–5,000 mg/kg did not produce any side effects or death in animals which indicates its safety. The results of the in vivo assay showed that the MFDE dose-dependently inhibited paw oedema and significantly reduced the number of writings in mice induced by the acetic acid injection suggesting its potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, respectively. The conducted studies revealed that M. fistulosa hydrodistilled residue by-product could be regarded as a new natural source of polyphenols with valuable pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Shanaida
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Botany, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Hudz
- Department of Drug Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
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Polyphenol Diversity and Antioxidant Activity of European Cistus creticus L. (Cistaceae) Compared to Six Further, Partly Sympatric Cistus Species. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040615. [PMID: 33804933 PMCID: PMC8063833 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This investigation focused on the qualitative and quantitative composition of polyphenolic compounds of Mediterranean northern shore Cistus creticus and six further, partly sympatric Cistus species (C. albidus, C. crispus, C. ladanifer, C. monspeliensis, C. parviflorus, C. salviifolius). Aqueous extracts of 1153 individual plants from 13 countries were analyzed via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The extracts of C. creticus were primarily composed of two ellagitannins (punicalagin and punicalagin gallate) and nine flavonol glycosides (myricetin and quercetin glycosides, with m-3-O-rhamnoside as the dominant main compound). Differences in the proportions of punicalagin derivatives and flavonol glycosides allowed the classification into two chemovariants. Plants containing punicalagin derivatives and flavonol glycosides were especially abundant in the western and central Mediterranean areas and in Cyprus. From Albania eastwards, punicalagin and punicalagin gallate were of much lesser importance and the predominant chemovariant there was a nearly pure flavonol type. With its two chemovariants, C. creticus takes a central position between the flavonol-rich, purple-flowered clade (besides C. creticus, here represented by C. albidus and C. crispus) and the more ellagitannin-rich, white- or whitish-pink-flowered clade (here represented by C. ladanifer, C. monspeliensis, C. parviflorus and C. salviifolius). The median antioxidative capacity of C. creticus plant material was, with 166 mg Trolox equivalents/g dry wt, about half of the antioxidative capacity of C. ladanifer (301 mg te/g dry wt), the species with the highest antioxidative potential.
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Mohamed Ahmed IA, Özcan MM, AlJuhaimi F, Ghafoor K, Babiker EE, Osman MA, Alqah HAS. Quality characteristics of caper seed oils—The impact of extraction: Soxhlet versus cold pressing. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehmet Musa Özcan
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture University of Selçuk Konya Turkey
| | - Fahad AlJuhaimi
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Kashif Ghafoor
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Elfadıl E. Babiker
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi A. Osman
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture University of Selçuk Konya Turkey
| | - Hesham A. S. Alqah
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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Application of Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction of Carnosic Acid and Carnosol from Sage ( Salvia officinalis L.) with Response Surface Methodology Optimization. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010080. [PMID: 33401761 PMCID: PMC7824161 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Salvia officinalis L. is a good source of antioxidant compounds such as phenolic diterpenes carnosic acid and carnosol. From 17 deep eutectic solvents (DESs) used, choline chloride: lactic acid (1:2 molar ratio) was found to be the most suitable for the extraction of targeted compounds. The influence of H2O content, extraction time, and temperature (for stirring and heating and for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)), H2O content, extraction time, and vibration speed for mechanochemical extraction on the content of targeted compounds were investigated. Carnosic acid content obtained by the extraction assisted by stirring and heating was from 2.55 ± 0.04 to 14.43 ± 0.28 µg mg−1, for UAE it was from 1.62 ± 0.29 to 14.00 ± 0.02 µg mg−1, and for mechanochemical extraction the yield was from 1.80 ± 0.02 to 8.26 ± 0.45 µg mg−1. Determined carnosol content was in the range 0.81 ± 0.01 to 4.83 ± 0.09 µg mg−1 for the extraction with stirring and for UAE it was from 0.56 ± 0.02 to 4.18 ± 0.05 µg mg−1, and for mechanochemical extraction the yield was from 0.57 ± 0.11 to 2.01 ± 0.16 µg mg−1. Optimal extraction conditions determined by response surface methodology (RSM) were in accordance with experimentally demonstrated values. In comparison with previously published or own results using conventional solvents or supercritical CO2, used DES provided more efficient extraction of both targeted compounds.
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Oyeyinka BO, Afolayan AJ. Comparative and Correlational Evaluation of the Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Musa sinensis L. and Musa paradisiaca L. Fruit Compartments (Musaceae). ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:4503824. [PMID: 32831803 PMCID: PMC7428880 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4503824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites and their biological activity have pharmacological relevance in the prevention and therapeutic management of disease, including the facilitation of normal physiological processes through biochemical mechanisms. In this study, phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity were evaluated quantitatively on the acetone, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of the flesh, and peel, as well as the boiled peel extract compartments of Musa sinensis L. and Musa paradisiaca L. fruits. Total phenol, proanthocyanidin, and flavonoid contents were estimated and measured spectrophotometrically. The free radical scavenging antioxidant capacity of the extracts was tested on DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ethanol), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay models. Correlation between phytoconstituents and antioxidant activity was analysed using Pearson's coefficient. The results showed varying amounts of phytochemicals in the solvent extracts of the flesh and peel, including the boiled peel extract of M. sinensis and M. paradisiaca. All acetone extracts of M. sinensis flesh, M. paradisiaca flesh, and M. paradisiaca peel had the highest phytochemical contents, with the exception of the ethanol extract of M. sinensis peel which had the highest phenol content; just as on the overall scale, the peel compartments had generally higher phytochemical profiles than the soft flesh in both fruits. The boiled peel extracts of M. sinensis and M. paradisiaca had the highest ABTS (0.03 mg/mL) and DPPH (0.03 mg/mL) activity. Ferric reducing power (FRAP) was the highest in the ethanol extracts of M. sinensis flesh and peel, and M. paradisiaca flesh, while it was the highest in the acetone extract of M. paradisiaca at the peak concentration used (0.1 mg/mL). There was a significant negative correlation between the total phenol and flavonoid contents of M. sinensis flesh with its DPPH radical scavenging activity and proanthocyanidin content of M. paradisiaca flesh with its DPPH radical scavenging activity. The correlation outcomes indicate that none of the phytochemical constituents solely affected antioxidant activity; instead, a combination of the polyphenolic constituents contributed to antioxidant activity. This study shows the therapeutic potentials of the flesh and, importantly, the peel of M. sinensis and M. paradisiaca fruits on the basis of the polyphenolic constitution against free radicals and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnabas Oluwatomide Oyeyinka
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony Jide Afolayan
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Adegbaju OD, Otunola GA, Afolayan AJ. Effects of growth stage and seasons on the phytochemical content and antioxidant activities of crude extracts of Celosia argentea L.. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04086. [PMID: 32514483 PMCID: PMC7267717 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant properties of crude extracts of C. argentea at different maturity stages and seasons. Total phenols, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidin content from water, acetone and methanol extracts were evaluated spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activities were measured using 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) models. Results showed that the flowering stages in all the solvent extracts gave the highest polyphenolic content with the acetone extract significantly higher than the methanol and aqueous extracts (P < 0.05). The highest value for total polyhenolic content 80.75 ± 4.21 for the first trial and 89.69 ± 2.13 μg/mL in the second trial; while the flavonoids was 874.76 ± 7.87 and 946.19 ± 7.87 μg/mL in the first and second trials respectively; and proanthocyanidin content was 170.00 ± 0 and 100.90 ± 1.29 μg/mL. Overall, the aqueous extracts had the lowest content of all the phytochemicals. The antioxidant activities ranged from low to high at different growth stages of the plant. While low to no activity was observed in the aqueous extracts in all the assays, the methanol extracts of the flowering stages showeds the best activity in the first and second trials with IC50 values of 104.10 ± 8.59 and 120.02 ± 13.37 μg/mL respectively in ABTS. Similar trend was obtained in the DPPH assay with the highest activity in the methanol flowering extract with IC50 of 52.36 ± 0.76 μg/mL (first trial) and 49.36 ± 0.29 μg/mL (second trial). The FRAP and TAC also had the highest activity in the flowering stages in all solvents, but with the acetone extracts having the overall inhibition on both radicals. This study revealed that Celosia argentea phytoconsituents and antioxidant potential can be influenced by physiological and developmental stages of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- O D Adegbaju
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - G A Otunola
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - A J Afolayan
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Nourozi E, Hosseini B, Maleki R, Abdollahi Mandoulakani B. Iron oxide nanoparticles: a novel elicitor to enhance anticancer flavonoid production and gene expression in Dracocephalum kotschyi hairy-root cultures. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:6418-6430. [PMID: 31294466 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. is a valuable source of rosmarinic acid (RA) and methoxylated hydroxyflavones (such as xanthomicrol and cirsimaritin) with antioxidative and antiplatelet effects and with antiproliferative potential against various cancer cells. The extensive application of nanotechnology in hairy root cultures is a new sustainable production platform for producing these active constituents. In the present study, hairy roots derived from 4-week-old leaves and Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain ATCC15834 were used to investigate the impact of various concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe NPs) in two elicitation time exposures (24 and 48 h) on growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC and TFC), and some polyphenols. Gene expression levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) and rosmarinic acid synthase (ras) were also analyzed. RESULTS Iron nanoparticles enhanced biomass accumulation in hairy roots. The treatment time and Fe NP dosage largely improved the activity of antioxidant enzymes, TPC and TFC. The highest RA (1194 μg g-1 FW) content (9.7-fold), compared to controls, was detected with 24 h of exposure to 75 mg L-1 Fe NP, which was consistent with the expression of pal and ras genes under the influence of elicitation. The xanthomicrol, cirsimaritin, and isokaempferide content was increased 11.87, 3.85, and 2.27-fold, respectively. CONCLUSION Stimulation of D. kotschyi hairy roots by Fe NPs led to a significant increase in the induction and production of important pharmaceutical compounds such as rosmarinic acid and xanthomicrol. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Nourozi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bahman Hosseini
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ramin Maleki
- Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Urmia Branch, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Sahiner M, Blake DA, Fullerton ML, Suner SS, Sunol AK, Sahiner N. Enhancement of biocompatibility and carbohydrate absorption control potential of rosmarinic acid through crosslinking into microparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:836-843. [PMID: 31284004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA), a bioflavonoid and antioxidant that exists in plants of the Lamiaceae family, was crosslinked into particles as poly(Rosmarinic Acid) (p(RA)) via an emulsion crosslinking method. The particles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance 13C NMR spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The zeta potential values of p(RA) particles were determined at different pHs; the isoelectric point was estimated as pH 1.2. The release of monomeric RA from the particles at 37.5 °C was found to be similar at different pHs, 1.0, 7.4, and 11.0. The effects of p(RA) on hemolysis and coagulation were found to be minimal. The antioxidant activity of p(RA) particles and RA monomer were almost indistinguishable suggesting that p(RA) particles may be used as an antioxidant. On a per weight basis, p(RA) particles were ~66% less cytotoxic to mammalian cells that RA monomer, as assessed using COS-1 cells. In addition, p(RA) was an 8.6-fold stronger inhibitor of α-glycosidase than RA; the IC50s of the monomer and particles were 0.121 and 0.014 mg/mL, respectively. The strong inhibitory effect of p(RA) on α-glycosidase, coupled with its reduced cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity, provide new opportunities for the use of p(RA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Sahiner
- Fashion Design, Canakkale Applied Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Diane A Blake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70448, USA.
| | - Mitchell L Fullerton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70448, USA; Bioinnovation PhD Program, 605 Lindy Boggs Bldg, New Orleans, LA 70118, United States of America
| | - Selin S Suner
- Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC), Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Turkey; Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17100, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Aydin K Sunol
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Nurettin Sahiner
- Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC), Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Turkey; Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17100, Canakkale, Turkey; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 21, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Poulios E, Giaginis C, Vasios GK. Current Advances on the Extraction and Identification of Bioactive Components of Sage (Salvia spp.). Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:845-857. [PMID: 31333123 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190722130440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Common sage (Salvia spp., with the most common species Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) is an important medicinal and aromatic plant, with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. The polyphenolic compounds are mainly responsible for its diverse biological activity. Many different methods for extraction and identification of sage bioactive compounds, using various solvents, have been developed in recent years. The total phenolic content is usually measured and identified by various technical methodologies with different sensitivity and specificity. In this aspect, the present review is aimed to critically summarize and discuss various technical approaches for the extraction and identification of sage bioactive components in order to point out the more appropriate approaches of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymios Poulios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Metropolite Ioakeim 2, Myrina, Lemnos, GR 81400, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Metropolite Ioakeim 2, Myrina, Lemnos, GR 81400, Greece
| | - Georgios K Vasios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Metropolite Ioakeim 2, Myrina, Lemnos, GR 81400, Greece
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Gezek G, Hashemi P, Kalaycıoğlu Z, Kaygusuz H, Sarıoğlu G, Döker S, Dirmenci T, Erim FB. Evaluation of some Turkish Salvia species by principal component analysis based on their vitamin B2, mineral composition, and antioxidant properties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ben Farhat M, Sotomayor JA, Jordán MJ. Antioxidants of Salvia aegyptiaca L. residues depending on geographical origin. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Changes in Photosynthetic Pigments, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Salvia coccinea Buc'hoz Ex Etl. Induced by Exogenous Salicylic Acid and Soil Salinity. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061296. [PMID: 29843455 PMCID: PMC6099562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia coccinea (Lamiaceae) is a promising source of potential antioxidants, and its extracts can be used in pharmaceutical industry, as well as in food products and cosmetics. Salicylic acid (SA) affects many physiological and metabolic processes in vascular plants under salinity stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of S. coccinea to either SA, or sodium chloride (NaCl), or a combination of both. The plants were sprayed with a solution of 0.5 or 1.0 mM SA and watered with 0, 100, 200, or 300 mM NaCl. Exogenous application of SA increased the number of branches, fresh herbal weight, and total chlorophyll content vs control plants. Salinity-exposed plants showed reduced growth, content of photosynthetic pigments total polyphenols, and antioxidant activity. However, foliar application of SA relieved the adverse effects of 100 mM NaCl, as demonstrated by increased number of branches, greater fresh herbal weight, higher content of total chlorophyll, total carotenoids, and total polyphenols, as well as antioxidant potential, detected using ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and 2.2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), compared with untreated plants.
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Liao P, Shi Y, Li Z, Chen Q, Xu TR, Cui X, Guan H, Guo L, Yang Y. Impaired terpenoid backbone biosynthesis reduces saponin accumulation in Panax notoginseng under Cd stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 46:56-68. [PMID: 30939258 DOI: 10.1071/fp18003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are major secondary metabolite of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen. Previous studies identified that P. notoginseng planting soil usually with high content of Cd. However, the effects of Cd stress on the accumulation of PNS and the corresponding regulation mechanisms have yet to be reported. In the present study, the impact of Cd stress on the PNS accumulation of P. notoginseng was studied in pot culture experiments. The effect of Cd stress on antioxidant enzyme activity was studied using hydroponics. In addition, transcriptase sequencing analysis was used to study the effect of Cd stress on the expression of PNS metabolism transcripts in hydroponic experiments. Cd treatments significantly decreased the accumulation of PNS in the rhizome and main root. The sensitive concentration of antioxidant enzyme activity for both leaf and stem was 2.5μM, whereas the sensitive concentration for the root was 5.0μM. Transcriptome analysis showed that 5132 genes (2930 up- and 2202 downregulated) were regulated by 5.0μM Cd stress in the root of P. notoginseng. Among them, six upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were related to the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, whereas three of the downregulated DEGs were mevalonate kinase (MVK), phosphomevalonate kinase (PMK), and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (type II, GGPS). Of the 15 transcripts selected for real-time quantitative-PCR, 13 were expressed in the same manner as identified using RNA-seq. In conclusion, Cd stress inhibited the accumulation of PNS in the root of P. notoginseng by reducing the expression of MVK, PMK, and GGPS in the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway, and also caused by the removal of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Liao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of ; Key Laboratory of Resources Sustainable Development and Utilisation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Kunming Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Utilisation of Famous-Region Drug; University Based Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening and Utilisation of Targeted Drugs; Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No.727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of ; Key Laboratory of Resources Sustainable Development and Utilisation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Kunming Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Utilisation of Famous-Region Drug; University Based Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening and Utilisation of Targeted Drugs; Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No.727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of ; Key Laboratory of Resources Sustainable Development and Utilisation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Kunming Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Utilisation of Famous-Region Drug; University Based Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening and Utilisation of Targeted Drugs; Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No.727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of ; Key Laboratory of Resources Sustainable Development and Utilisation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Kunming Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Utilisation of Famous-Region Drug; University Based Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening and Utilisation of Targeted Drugs; Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No.727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Tian-Rui Xu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of ; Key Laboratory of Resources Sustainable Development and Utilisation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Kunming Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Utilisation of Famous-Region Drug; University Based Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening and Utilisation of Targeted Drugs; Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No.727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of ; Key Laboratory of Resources Sustainable Development and Utilisation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Kunming Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Utilisation of Famous-Region Drug; University Based Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening and Utilisation of Targeted Drugs; Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No.727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huilin Guan
- Yunnan Provincial Renewable Energy Engineering Key Laboratory, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China, 650504, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- Chinese Medica Resources Center, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of ; Key Laboratory of Resources Sustainable Development and Utilisation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Kunming Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Utilisation of Famous-Region Drug; University Based Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening and Utilisation of Targeted Drugs; Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No.727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
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Yang Y, Wang ZP, Gao SH, Ren HQ, Zhong RQ, Chen WS. The effects of Salvia przewalskii total phenolic acid extract on immune complex glomerulonephritis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:2153-2160. [PMID: 29025319 PMCID: PMC6130473 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1383486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Salvia przewalskii Maxim. (Lamiaceae) is a Chinese herbal medicine that has long been used for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE The study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of S. przewalskii total phenolic acid extract (SPE) on immune complex glomerulonephritis (ICG) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-two Wistar rats were randomized into six groups. ICG was induced in all groups except normal control group. SPE was administered intragastrically at 24 h intervals for 40 consecutive days. Urine protein (UP), total serum protein (TSP), serum albumin (SA), serum cholesterol (SC) and serum urea nitrogen (SUN) were measured one day before, on day 20 and 40 after SPE administration. On day 40 after SPE administration, the kidneys were removed and prepared into pathologic sections. In addition, kidney wet mass was measured for calculating the kidney wet mass coefficient (KWMC). RESULTS UP excretion was reduced significantly on day 20 after SPE administration in all three SPE groups as compared with that in medium group, and this effect was observable continuously until 40 days after SPE administration. Compared with medium group, TSP and SA were increased in all three SPE groups after 40 days treatment, while SC and SUN were decreased. KWMC was decreased significantly in 100 mg/kg SPE group after 40 days treatment compared with that in medium group. Histopathologic analyses showed that renal inflammatory infiltration and kidney intumesce were alleviated in all three SPE groups. CONCLUSIONS SPE may be a potential therapeutic drug for glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University of CPLA, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University of CPLA, Shanghai, China
- Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (The 97th Hospital of CPLA), Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University of CPLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Shou-Hong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University of CPLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Qi Ren
- Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (The 97th Hospital of CPLA), Xuzhou, China
| | - Ren-Qian Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University of CPLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University of CPLA, Shanghai, China
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Rjeibi I, Ben Saad A, Ncib S, Souid S, Alimi H. Characterization of Amaranthus spinosus
collected from different regions: Phytochemical and biological properties. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilhem Rjeibi
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk; Research unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetic; Gafsa 2112 Tunisia
| | - Anouar Ben Saad
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk; Research unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetic; Gafsa 2112 Tunisia
| | - Sana Ncib
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa; Common Services Unit for Research; Gafsa 2112 Tunisia
| | - Sami Souid
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk; Research unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetic; Gafsa 2112 Tunisia
| | - Hichem Alimi
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk; Research unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetic; Gafsa 2112 Tunisia
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Jiménez-Aguilar DM, Grusak MA. Minerals, vitamin C, phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of Amaranthus leafy vegetables. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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41
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Pacifico S, Piccolella S, Lettieri A, Nocera P, Bollino F, Catauro M. A metabolic profiling approach to an Italian sage leaf extract (SoA541) defines its antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase properties. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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LI HZ, ZHANG ZJ, XUE J, CUI LX, HOU TY, LI XJ, CHEN T. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds, antioxidants and rosmarinic acid from perilla leaves using response surface methodology. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-457x.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiao XUE
- North University of China, China
| | | | | | | | - Tie CHEN
- North University of China, China
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Xavier CP, Pereira-Wilson C. Medicinal plants of the genuses Salvia and Hypericum are sources of anticolon cancer compounds: Effects on PI3K/Akt and MAP kinases pathways. PHARMANUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gašić UM, Natić MM, Mišić DM, Lušić DV, Milojković-Opsenica DM, Tešić ŽL, Lušić D. Chemical markers for the authentication of unifloral Salvia officinalis L. honey. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Jiménez-Aguilar DM, Grusak MA. Evaluation of Minerals, Phytochemical Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Mexican, Central American, and African Green Leafy Vegetables. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 70:357-64. [PMID: 26490448 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-015-0512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The green leafy vegetables Cnidoscolus aconitifolius and Crotalaria longirostrata are native to Mexico and Central America, while Solanum scabrum and Gynandropsis gynandra are native to Africa. They are consumed in both rural and urban areas in those places as a main food, food ingredient or traditional medicine. Currently, there is limited information about their nutritional and phytochemical composition. Therefore, mineral, vitamin C, phenolic and flavonoid concentration, and antioxidant activity were evaluated in multiple accessions of these leafy vegetables, and their mineral and vitamin C contribution per serving was calculated. The concentrations of Ca, K, Mg and P in these leafy vegetables were 0.82-2.32, 1.61-7.29, 0.61-1.48 and 0.27-1.44 mg/g fresh weight (FW), respectively. The flavonoid concentration in S. scabrum accessions was up to 1413 μg catechin equivalents/g FW, while the highest antioxidant activities were obtained in C. longirostrata accessions (52-60 μmol Trolox equivalents/g FW). According to guidelines established by the US Food and Drug Administration, a serving size (30 g FW) of C. longirostrata would be considered an excellent source of Mo (20 % or more of the daily value), and a serving of any of these green leafy vegetables would be an excellent source of vitamin C. Considering the importance of the minerals, phytochemicals and antioxidants in human health and their presence in these indigenous green leafy vegetables, efforts to promote their consumption should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce M Jiménez-Aguilar
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030-2600, USA
| | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030-2600, USA.
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Lamien-Meda A, Kiendrebeogo M, Compaoré M, Meda RNT, Bacher M, Koenig K, Pacher T, Fuehrer HP, Noedl H, Willcox M, Novak J. Quality assessment and antiplasmodial activity of West African Cochlospermum species. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 119:51-61. [PMID: 26429632 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study focuses on development of phytochemical methods for quality assessment of two West-African Cochlospermum species (Cochlospermum planchonii and Cochlospermum tinctorium) traditionally used for malaria treatment in Burkina Faso. Antimalarial activity of preparations from dried rhizomes (decoction) was tested against the chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium strain 3D7 using the histidine-rich protein II (HRP2) drug susceptibility assay and compared with extract preparations using organic solvents of different polarity. Two main apocarotenoids were isolated from rhizomes of C. planchonii and unambiguously identified as dihydrocochloxanthine and cochloxanthine by spectroscopic methods. Comparative HPLC analyses of thirty-nine (39) samples from markets and from collections in natural habitats of both species showed a high variability in the accumulation of cochloxanthines and related carotenoids which were proven to be characteristic for rhizomes of both species and generally absent in leaves. Furthermore, content of total phenolics and antioxidant activities (DPPH and FRAP) as well as haemolytic activity of various extracts was tested. The HPLC method presented here was validated and provides a good separation of both compounds including 10 minor carotenoids. Extracts from both species and pure cochloxanthine offered pronounced antioxidant activities and weak haemolytic activity while, in contrast, dihydrocochloxanthine had a strong haemolytic effect at the highest concentration analysed. However, cochloxanthine as well as dihydrocochloxanthine showed erythroprotective effects against the haemolytic activity of the reference saponin. Moderate antiplasmodial activity between 16 and 63 μg/ml were observed with all tested extracts, and lower IC50 values were obtained with pure dihydrocochloxanthine (IC50=6.9 μg/ml), cochloxanthine (IC50=6.8 μg/ml), the DCM fraction (IC50=2.4 μg/ml) and the ethyl acetate fraction (IC50=11.5μg/ml) derived from a methanolic extract of C. planchonii. This study shows a major variability of carotenoid content and antiplasmodial activity of both C. planchonii and C. tinctorium. The high haemolytic activity of dihydrocochloxanthine (at 100 μg/ml) should be considered as a selection criterion for choosing species phenotypes for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Lamien-Meda
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Martin Kiendrebeogo
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Chimie Appliquées, LABIOCA, University of Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Moussa Compaoré
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Chimie Appliquées, LABIOCA, University of Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Roland N T Meda
- UFR Sciences et Techniques, Polytechnic University of Bobo Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091 Bobo 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Markus Bacher
- Division of Chemistry of Renewables, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Karin Koenig
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Pacher
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Fuehrer
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Noedl
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Merlin Willcox
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Johannes Novak
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
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By-product of Lavandula latifolia essential oil distillation as source of antioxidants. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:225-233. [PMID: 28911377 PMCID: PMC9351776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of Lavandula latifolia waste obtained after essential oil distillation. Samples of 12 wild populations of the Lavandula genus collected between 2009 and 2010 were hydrodistilled and their by-products were analyzed using the Folin–Ciocalteu, free radical scavenging activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Rosmarinic acid, apigenin, and luteolin contents were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection. The mean of total phenolic content ranged from 1.89 ± 0.09 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight to 3.54 ± 0.22 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight. The average value of the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) for scavenging activity ranged from 5.09 ± 0.17 mg/mL to 14.30 ± 1.90 mg/mL and the variability of the EC50 in FRAP ranged from 3.72 ± 0.12 mg/mL to 18.55 ± 0.77 mg/mL. Annual variation was found among this samples and the environmental conditions of 2009 were found to be more favorable. The plants collected from Sedano showed the highest antioxidant power. Our results show that rosmarinic acid and apigenin in L. latifolia contributed to the antioxidant properties of the waste. In conclusion, the by-product of the distillation industry could be valorizing as a source of natural antioxidants.
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Bakota EL, Winkler-Moser JK, Berhow MA, Eller FJ, Vaughn SF. Antioxidant activity and sensory evaluation of a rosmarinic acid-enriched extract of Salvia officinalis. J Food Sci 2015; 80:C711-7. [PMID: 25808312 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An extract of Salvia officinalis (garden sage) was prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2 ) extraction, followed by hot water extraction. The resulting extract was enriched in polyphenols, including rosmarinic acid (RA), which has shown promising health benefits in animals. The extract contained RA at a concentration of 28.4 mg/g, representing a significant enrichment from the RA content in sage leaves. This extract was incorporated into oil-in-water emulsions as a source of lipid antioxidants and compared to emulsions containing pure rosmarinic acid. Both treatments were effective in suppressing lipid oxidation. The extract was evaluated by a trained sensory panel in a tea formulation. While the panel could discriminate among extract-treated and control samples, panelists demonstrated high acceptability of the sage extract in a tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Bakota
- United States Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natl. Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Functional Foods Research, 1815 N. Univ. St., Peoria, IL, 61604, U.S.A
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Sahiner N, Sagbas S. Multifunctional tunable p(inulin) microgels. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 40:366-72. [PMID: 24857504 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inulin, inulin-silica and modified inulin microgels were prepared in a single step via crosslinking within microemulsion, and used as drug delivery devices. Inulin-silica composite micro particles were also synthesized in the presence of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) via a water-in-oil microemulsion polymerization/crosslinking technique. To generate porous inulin particles, inulin-silica particles were treated with 0.5M NaOH solution to dissolve silica particles. Furthermore, virgin inulin (p(inulin)) and porous inulin microgels (por-p(inulin)) were quaternized successfully by treatment with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTMAC) in aqueous solution, generating positive charges on the biopolymer as q-p(inulin). Rosmarinic acid (RA) was used as model drug for loading and release studies by synthesized inulin-based microgels in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH7.4. It was shown that the absorption and release rate are influenced by zeta potential and porosity of the microgels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurettin Sahiner
- Faculty of Science & Arts, Chemistry Department, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey; Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC), Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey.
| | - Selin Sagbas
- Faculty of Science & Arts, Chemistry Department, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey
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Karioti A, Milošević-Ifantis T, Pachopos N, Niryiannaki N, Hadjipavlou-Litina D, Skaltsa H. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory potential and chemical constituents ofOriganum dubiumBoiss., growing wild in Cyprus. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2014; 30:38-43. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2013.871008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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