1
|
Lamar RT, Gralian J, Hockaday WC, Jerzykiewicz M, Monda H. Investigation into the role of carboxylic acid and phenolic hydroxyl groups in the plant biostimulant activity of a humic acid purified from an oxidized sub-bituminous coal. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1328006. [PMID: 38751833 PMCID: PMC11095639 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1328006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Humic substances (HS) are increasingly being applied as crop plant biostimulants because they have been shown to increase plant productivity, especially under environmentally stressful conditions. There has been intense interest in elucidating the HS molecular structures responsible for eliciting the plant biostimulant response (PBR). The polar and weakly acidic carboxylic (COOH) and phenolic hydroxyl (ArOH) functional groups play major roles in the acid nature, pH dependent solubilities, conformation, and metal- and salt-binding capabilities of HS. Reports on the role played by these groups in the PBR of HS found growth parameters being both positively and negatively correlated with COOH and ArOH functionalities. Materials and methods To investigate the role of COOH and ArOH in HS biostimulant activity we used a humic acid (HA), purified from an oxidized sub bituminous coal to prepare HAs with COOH groups methylated (AHA), ArOH groups acetylated (OHA), and with both COOH and ArOH groups methylated (FHA). The original HA was designated (NHA). The four HAs were subjected to elemental, 13C-NMR, FTIR, and EPR analyses and their antioxidant properties were assessed using the trolox equivalents antioxidant capacity assay (TEAC). 13C-NMR and FTIR analysis revealed significant alkylation/acetylation. To determine the effects of alkylating/acetylating these functional groups on the HA elicited PBR, the HAs were evaluated in a plant bioassay on corn (Zea mays L.) seedling under nutrient and non-nutrient stressed conditions. Treatments consisted of the four HAs applied to the soil surface at a concentration of 80 mg C L-1, in 50 ml DI H2O with the control plants receiving 50ml DI H2O. Results The HA-treated plants, at both fertilization rates, were almost always significantly larger than their respective control plants. However, the differences produced under nutrient stress were always much greater than those produced under nutrient sufficiency, supporting previous reports that HA can reduce the effects of stress on plant growth. In addition, for the most part, the HAs with the alkylated/acetylated groups produced plants equal to or larger than plants treated with NHA. Conclusion These results suggests that COOH and ArOH groups play a limited or no role in the HA elicited PBR. Alternatively, the HA pro-oxidant to antioxidant ratio may play a role in the magnitude of the biostimulant response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason Gralian
- R&D Department, Huma, Inc., Gilbert, AZ, United States
| | | | | | - Hiarhi Monda
- R&D Department, Huma, Inc., Gilbert, AZ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
da Silva HFO, de Oliveira Torchia DF, van Tol de Castro TA, de Abreu Lopes S, Cantarino RE, Tavares OCH, de Moura OVT, Rodrigues NF, Berbara RLL, Santos LA, García AC. Role of the molecular structure of humified organic matter in rice plant response to environmental lead pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:27203-27220. [PMID: 38507164 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Humified organic matter has been shown to decrease Pb toxicity in plants. However, there are still gaps in our understanding of the mechanism by which this phenomenon occurs. In this study, we aimed to assess the ability of humic substances (HSs), humic acids (HAs), and fulvic acids (FAs) to enhance defense mechanisms in rice plants under lead (Pb)-stressed conditions. HS fractions were isolated from vermicompost using the chemical fractionation methodology established by the International Humic Substances Society. These fractions were characterized by solid-state NMR and FTIR. Chemometric analysis was used to compare humic structures and correlate them with bioactivity. Three treatments were tested to evaluate the protective effect of humic fractions on rice plants. The first experiment involved the application of humic fractions along with Pb. The second comprised pretreatment with humic fractions followed by subsequent exposure to Pb stress. The third experiment involved Pb stress and subsequent treatment with humic fractions. The root morphology and components of the antioxidative defense system were evaluated and quantified. The results showed that HS + Pb, HA + Pb, and FA + Pb treatment preserved root growth and reduced the levels of O2- and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the roots by up to 5% and 2%, respectively. Pretreatment of the plants with humic fractions promoted the maintenance of root growth and reduced the contents of O2-, H2O2, and MDA by up to 48%, 22%, and 20%, respectively. Combined application of humic fractions and Pb reduced the Pb content in plant tissues by up to 60%, while pretreatment reduced it by up to 80%. The protective capacity of humic fractions is related to the presence of peptides, lignin, and carbohydrate fragments in their molecular structures. These results suggest that products could be developed that can mitigate the adverse effects of heavy metals on agricultural crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Fernanda Oliveira da Silva
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Tadeu Augusto van Tol de Castro
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Samuel de Abreu Lopes
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphaella Esterque Cantarino
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Orlando Carlos Huertas Tavares
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Octávio Vioratti Telles de Moura
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natália Fernandes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luiz Louro Berbara
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro Azevedo Santos
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrés Calderin García
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rathor P, Upadhyay P, Ullah A, Gorim LY, Thilakarathna MS. Humic acid improves wheat growth by modulating auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis pathways. AOB PLANTS 2024; 16:plae018. [PMID: 38601216 PMCID: PMC11005776 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Humic acids have been widely used for centuries to enhance plant growth and productivity. The beneficial effects of humic acids have been attributed to different functional groups and phytohormone-like compounds enclosed in macrostructure. However, the mechanisms underlying the plant growth-promoting effects of humic acids are only partially understood. We hypothesize that the bio-stimulatory effect of humic acids is mainly due to the modulation of innate pathways of auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis in treated plants. A physiological investigation along with molecular characterization was carried out to understand the mechanism of bio-stimulatory effects of humic acid. A gene expression analysis was performed for the genes involved in auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis pathways in wheat seedlings. Furthermore, Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic lines generated by fusing the auxin-responsive DR5 and cytokinin-responsive ARR5 promoter to ß-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter were used to study the GUS expression analysis in humic acid treated seedlings. This study demonstrates that humic acid treatment improved the shoot and root growth of wheat seedlings. The expression of several genes involved in auxin (Tryptophan Aminotransferase of Arabidopsis and Gretchen Hagen 3.2) and cytokinin (Lonely Guy3) biosynthesis pathways were up-regulated in humic acid-treated seedlings compared to the control. Furthermore, GUS expression analysis showed that bioactive compounds of humic acid stimulate endogenous auxin and cytokinin-like activities. This study is the first report in which using ARR5:GUS lines we demonstrate the biostimulants activity of humic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Rathor
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, 9011-116St, NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Punita Upadhyay
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, 9011-116St, NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Aman Ullah
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, 9011-116St, NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Linda Yuya Gorim
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, 9011-116St, NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Malinda S Thilakarathna
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, 9011-116St, NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Christudoss AC, Dimkpa CO, Mukherjee A. Eco-corona formation diminishes the cytogenotoxicity of graphene oxide on Allium cepa: Role of soil extracted-extracellular polymeric substances in combating oxidative stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108123. [PMID: 37935068 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is widely acknowledged for its exceptional biological and industrial applications. However, its discharge into the environment negatively impacts the ecosystem. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of GO in Allium cepa root tip cells and the role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in modulating its toxic effects. To evaluate toxicity, various endpoints like cell viability using Evans blue dye, cytotoxicity (mitotic index), genotoxicity (chromosomal aberrations), and oxidative stress assessments (total ROS, superoxide, hydroxyl radical production, and lipid peroxidation) were considered. The results suggest that pristine GO caused a dose-dependent increase in various toxicity parameters, especially the genotoxic effects. Oxidative stress generation by GO is proposed to be the principal mode of action. The EPS-corona formed on GO could potentially counteract the toxic effects, substantially reducing the oxidative stress within the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian O Dimkpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Symanczik S, Lipp C, Mäder P, Thonar C, Kundel D. Limited effectiveness of selected bioeffectors combined with recycling phosphorus fertilizers for maize cultivation under Swiss farming conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1239393. [PMID: 37719227 PMCID: PMC10501308 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1239393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of plant biostimulants, also known as bioeffectors (BEs), has attracted increasing attention as an environmentally friendly strategy for more sustainable crop production. BEs are substances or microorganisms that are applied to plants or the surrounding soil to stimulate natural processes to enhance nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, and plant growth. Here, we tested the effectiveness of five BEs to enhance maize growth and phosphorus (P) uptake from various recycled P fertilizers in a series of pot and field experiments. First, the impact of two bacterial BEs and one soil-specific plant-based BE on crop performance was assessed in a 4-week screening experiment conducted in two arable, P-deficient soils of differing soil pH (a silty clay loam of pH 7.1 and a silty loam of pH 7.8) amended with recycled P-fertilizers (rock phosphate, biogas digestate, green waste compost, composted dairy manure, and chicken manure pellets). Then, for each soil type, the plant growth-promoting effect of the most promising BE-fertilizer combinations was re-assessed in an 8-week experiment. In addition, over a period of up to 3 years, three field experiments were conducted with maize in which up to two bacterial BEs were used either alone or in combination with a plant-based BE. Our experiments show that while BEs in combination with specific P-fertilizers can promote maize growth within the first weeks of growth under controlled conditions, the observed effects vanished in the long term, both in pots and under field conditions. In a tracing experiment, in which we tested the persistence of one bacterial BE over a period of 5 weeks, we observed a drastic decrease in colony-forming units already 2 weeks after inoculation. As previously shown in other studies, our data indicate that the plant growth-promoting effects of BEs found under controlled conditions are not directly transferable to field conditions. It is suggested that the drastic decline in inoculated bacterial strains in the tracing experiment is the reason for the decline in plant growth effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Symanczik
- Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Carina Lipp
- Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Paul Mäder
- Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Thonar
- Plant Genetics and Rhizosphere Processes Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
- Agroecology Lab, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominika Kundel
- Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Lu Y, Wang L, Song G, Ni L, Xu M, Nie C, Li B, Bai Y. Analysis of the molecular composition of humic substances and their effects on physiological metabolism in maize based on untargeted metabolomics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1122621. [PMID: 37284724 PMCID: PMC10239833 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1122621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Humic substances (HSs), components of plant biostimulants, are known to influence plant physiological processes, nutrient uptake and plant growth, thereby increasing crop yield. However, few studies have focused on the impact of HS on overall plant metabolism, and there is still debate over the connection between HS' structural characteristics and their stimulatory actions. Methods In this study, two different HSs (AHA, Aojia humic acid and SHA, Shandong humic acid) screened in a previous experiment were chosen for foliar spraying, and plant samples were collected on the tenth day after spraying (62 days after germination) to investigate the effects of different HSs on photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, carbon and nitrogen metabolism and overall metabolism in maize leaf. Results and discussion The results showed different molecular compositions for AHA and SHA and a total of 510 small molecules with significant differences were screened using an ESI-OPLC-MS techno. AHA and SHA exerted different effects on maize growth, with the AHA inducing more effective stimulation than the SHA doing. Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that the phospholipid components of maize leaves treated by SHA generally increased significantly than that in the AHA and control treatments. Additionally, both HS-treated maize leaves exhibited different levels of accumulation of trans-zeatin, but SHA treatment significantly decreased the accumulation of zeatin riboside. Compared to CK treatment, AHA treatment resulted in the reorganization of four metabolic pathways: starch and sucrose metabolism, TCA cycle, stilbenes, diarylheptanes, and curcumin biosynthesis, and ABC transport, SHA treatment modified starch and sucrose metabolism and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. These results demonstrate that HSs exert their function through a multifaceted mechanism of action, partially connected to their hormone-like activity but also involving hormoneindependent signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guipei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengze Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caie Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Li
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Youlu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and humic substances increased the salinity tolerance of rice plants. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
8
|
Lamar RT, Monda H, Sleighter R. Use of Ore-Derived Humic Acids With Diverse Chemistries to Elucidate Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) of Humic Acids in Plant Phenotypic Expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:758424. [PMID: 34925408 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.758424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For legal reasons, the publisher has withdrawn this article from public view. For additional information, please contact the publisher.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiarhi Monda
- Bio Huma Netics, Inc., Gilbert, AZ, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang P, Zhang H, Wu G, Chen X, Gruda N, Li X, Dong J, Duan Z. Dose-Dependent Application of Straw-Derived Fulvic Acid on Yield and Quality of Tomato Plants Grown in a Greenhouse. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:736613. [PMID: 34707627 PMCID: PMC8542715 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.736613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fulvic acids are organic compounds widely distributed in soils, and the application of fulvic acids is thought to increase crop yield and quality. However, the effects vary among various sources and doses of fulvic acids and environmental and growth conditions of crops. Here, we investigated the effects of bioresource-derived (corn straw) fulvic acids on plant production and quality of tomato plants and soil chemical properties in soil cultures while experiments on seed germination and hydroponics were conducted to explore the underlying mechanism. Base dressing with 2.7 g kg-1 increased the yield of tomato by 35.0% at most as increased fruit number. Fulvic acids increased the concentrations of minerals, such as Ca, Fe, and Zn and the concentrations of citric, malic, and some amino acids in berries of tomato but did not affect the concentrations of soluble sugars and aromatic substances in tomato fruits. Similarly, fulvic acids at 80-160 mg L-1 increased germination rate, growth vigor, and radicle elongation of tomato seeds while it increased plant biomass, concentrations of nutrients, and root length of tomato plants in hydroponics to the greatest extent in general. The increases in yield and quality can be attributed to the improvement in root growth and, thus, increased nutrient uptake. In addition, the base application of fulvic acids improved soil cation exchange capacity and soil organic matter to an extent. In conclusion, base dressing and the addition into solution of fulvic acids at moderate doses facilitate root growth and nutrient uptake and, thus, vegetable production and quality; therefore, fulvic acids can be an effective component for designing new biofertilizers for sustainable agricultural production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peijia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjia Zhang
- Nutrition and Health Research Institute, COFCO, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Wu
- Nutrition and Health Research Institute, COFCO, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Nutrition and Health Research Institute, COFCO, Beijing, China
| | - Nazim Gruda
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Division of Horticultural Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinlong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengqiang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Figueiredo de Souza YA, Leite MGP, Fujaco MAG. A hydroelectric dam borrow pit rehabilitation. Two decades after the project, what went wrong? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112850. [PMID: 34052612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although environmental rehabilitation projects that did not succeed are not uncommon, there are few research papers that deal with the subject. Works on the rehabilitation of borrow pits are even more rare. In an attempt to fulfill some gaps, the present study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a program for the restoration of a clay borrow pit used for the construction of a hydroelectric plant, twenty years after its execution. In order to assess the current degradation stage and to identify the possible errors of this intervention, the area was mapped using an unmanned aerial vehicle, which allowed the identification of the remaining physical structures, dimensioning of the actual degraded area and characterization of vegetation cover and types of exposed soil. Physical and chemical parameters of the degraded area soils were compared to those of a contiguous preserved area, which was used as a control. Soils of the degraded area are significantly more compacted (with significant reduction in macroporosity) and depleted in organic matter and nutrients. The results showed that the methodologies used in the rehabilitation project were not sufficient to recover the resilience of a deeply degraded ecosystem. The long-term success of a rehabilitation project is only possible with the guarantee of the ecological sustainability of the area, which is largely related to the restoration of soil ecological processes. Most of the time, this cannot be achieved with the simple use of classical erosion control and revegetation techniques and without the addition of sediment material to aid the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariangela G P Leite
- Crustal Evolution and Natural Resources Graduated Program, Brazil; Department of Geology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Maria A G Fujaco
- Department of Geology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
van Tol de Castro TA, Berbara RLL, Tavares OCH, Mello DFDG, Pereira EG, Souza CDCBD, Espinosa LM, García AC. Humic acids induce a eustress state via photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism leading to a root growth improvement in rice plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:171-184. [PMID: 33684776 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical eustressors induce a eustress state "positive stress" increasing the resistance and improve the plant growth. The potentiality of humic acids (HA) to act as a eustressor has been scarcely explored. The present study aims to evaluate how HA with different structural characteristics induce differently, a eustress state in rice plants through the regulation of photosynthesis. The photosynthetic performance index showed an initial eustress state in plant by HA application characterized by reduction in photosynthesis followed by an increase in photosynthetic efficiency. The HA as a chemical eustressor triggering changes in plant metabolism indicate that the interaction of HA with root system induces a roots growth stimulus preceded by an initial positive stress. The eustress caused by HA is differentiated and is related to its chemical-physics characteristics. The HAVC, with a predominance of CAlkyl-(O,N), CAlkyl-di-O, CAromatic-O structures and greater polarity, stimulated the accumulation of N-NO3- and of soluble sugars in the sheath, increase carbohydrates content in the root and the root emission, resulting in higher total biomass production. The HASOIL, with a predominance of CCOOH-(H,R), CAlkyl-O, CAromatic-H,R structures and greater hydrophobicity caused a decrease in N-NH4+ and N-amine. The HARN, with a predominance of CAlkyl-O, CAlkyl-H,R, and CO, characterized by average polarity, caused an increase in photosynthetic pigment and N-NH4+ content. These results are keys to understand that quality of soil organic matter is related to plant development and that HA are efficient proxies for elucidate its function in natural environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadeu Augusto van Tol de Castro
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Luiz Louro Berbara
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Orlando Carlos Huertas Tavares
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Débora Fernandes da Graça Mello
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Erinaldo Gomes Pereira
- Laboratory of Plant Mineral Nutrition, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Maqueira Espinosa
- Laboratory of Physical-Chemistry of Surfactants (LASURF), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrés Calderín García
- Laboratory of Soil Biological Chemistry, Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Y, Yue D, Fang D, Dong X, Li W. Enhanced darkening effect from the interaction of MnO 2 and oxygen on the component evolution of amino-phenolic humic-like substances. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127956. [PMID: 33297022 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Humification is greatly enhanced by metallic oxides in nature, and the related products are critical to various environmental processes. However, little is known about the interaction between metallic oxides and oxygen in promoting the oxidative polymerization of small organic molecules during the humification process. The synthesis of humic-like acids (HLAs) with MnO2 was performed in the presence and absence of oxygen, and the influence of oxygen and MnO2 on the composition evolution of amino-phenolic HLAs was illustrated. The results of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectra of reaction mixtures associated with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) combined with the XPS spectra of N 1s content changes in HLAs demonstrated that MnO2 induced pyrrole-type nitrogen formation and enhanced darkening. Furthermore, MnO2 mainly acted as a catalyst, and oxygen activated the regeneration of MnO2 by oxidizing free manganese ions, thus substantially promoting the formation and accumulation of HLAs, whereas it decreased the reaction rate of HLAs formation. Moreover, carbon dioxide release was found during the process of the formation of fulvic-like acids (FLAs), and the reaction was oxygen-independent. Additionally, the formation and transformation of products without MnO2 do not obey kinetics equations, whereas the darkening reaction with MnO2 followed the pseudo-second-order and pseudo-zero-order kinetics equations. These findings provide new insights into the behaviours and fate of the oxygen-mediated humification process and related reaction products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Dongbei Yue
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Ding Fang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Xinwei Dong
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Wenlong Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee JG, Yoon HY, Cha JY, Kim WY, Kim PJ, Jeon JR. Artificial humification of lignin architecture: Top-down and bottom-up approaches. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107416. [PMID: 31323257 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Humic substances readily identifiable in the environment are involved in several biotic and abiotic reactions affecting carbon turnover, soil fertility, plant nutrition and stimulation, xenobiotic transformation and microbial respiration. Inspired by natural roles of humic substances, several applications of these substances, including crop stimulants, redox mediators, anti-oxidants, human medicines, environmental remediation and fish feeding, have been developed. The annual market for humic substances has grown rapidly for these reasons and due to eco-conscious features, but there is a limited supply of natural coal-related resources such as lignite and leonardite from which humic substances are extracted in bulk. The structural similarity between humic substances and lignin suggests that lignocellulosic refinery resulting in lignin residues as a by-product could be a potential candidate for a bulk source of humic-like substances, but structural differences between the two polymeric materials indicate that additional transformation procedures allowing lignin architecture to fully mimic commercial humic substances are required. In this review, we introduce the emerging concept of artificial humification of lignin-related materials as a promising strategy for lignin valorization. First, the core structural features of humic substances and the relationship between these features and the physicochemical properties, natural functions and versatile applications of the substances are described. In particular, the mechanism by which humic substances stimulate the growth of plants and hence can improve crop productivity is highlighted. Second, top-down and bottom-up transformation pathways for scalable humification of small lignin-derived phenols, technical lignins and lignin-containing plant residues are described in detail. Finally, future directions are suggested for research and development of artificial lignin humification to achieve alternative ways of producing customized analogues of humic substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Gu Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Young Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science & Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science & Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; RILS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Joo Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science & Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Rok Jeon
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science & Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Biostimulants Application in Horticultural Crops under Abiotic Stress Conditions. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9060306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses strongly affect plant growth, development, and quality of production; final crop yield can be really compromised if stress occurs in plants’ most sensitive phenological phases. Additionally, the increase of crop stress tolerance through genetic improvements requires long breeding programmes and different cultivation environments for crop performance validation. Biostimulants have been proposed as agronomic tools to counteract abiotic stress. Indeed, these products containing bioactive molecules have a beneficial effect on plants and improve their capability to face adverse environmental conditions, acting on primary or secondary metabolism. Many companies are investing in new biostimulant products development and in the identification of the most effective bioactive molecules contained in different kinds of extracts, able to elicit specific plant responses against abiotic stresses. Most of these compounds are unknown and their characterization in term of composition is almost impossible; therefore, they could be classified on the basis of their role in plants. Biostimulants have been generally applied to high-value crops like fruits and vegetables; thus, in this review, we examine and summarise literature on their use on vegetable crops, focusing on their application to counteract the most common environmental stresses.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou L, Yuan L, Zhao B, Li Y, Lin Z. Structural characteristics of humic acids derived from Chinese weathered coal under different oxidizing conditions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217469. [PMID: 31150428 PMCID: PMC6544225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humic acids derived from Chinese weathered coal were oxidized with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under various conditions, and their chemical composition and structure were examined. The raw material humic acids (HA) and oxidized humic acids (OHAs) were characterized by elemental analysis and ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Our results show that aromatic functional groups accounted for more than 70% of the HA and OHAs and there were significant differences in their structures and compositions. Compared to the HA, the average H and N contents of the OHAs decreased by 5.15% and 2.52%, respectively, and the average O content of those of the OHAs increased by 5.30%. The hydrophobicity index (HI) of HA is higher than those of the OHAs. Importantly, in the hypothesis test between the properties and preparation conditions of humic acid using SPSS, the partial η2 of the temperature, hydrogen peroxide concentration, liquid-solid ratio, and time were 0.809, 0.771, 0.748 and 0.729, respectively; thus, among the preparation conditions, temperature is the most important factor affecting the humic acids properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yanting Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zherebtsov SI, Malyshenko NV, Bryukhovetskaya LV, Lyrshchikov SY, Ismagilov ZR. Sorption of Cobalt Cations by Humic Acids. COKE AND CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068364x18070086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
Wei S, Wu M, Li G, Liu M, Jiang C, Li Z. Fungistatic Activity of Multiorigin Humic Acids in Relation to Their Chemical Structure. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7514-7521. [PMID: 29987927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Humic acid (HA) has an inhibitory effect on phytopathogenic fungi, but the structure-activity relationship remains unclear. HAs were extracted from 14 different materials, and their fungistatic activities and elemental C, N, S, and O contents were measured. Cross-polarization magic-angle spinning 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMAS 13C NMR) was used to measure the organic carbon composition. The results showed that all HAs suppressed phytopathogenic fungi growth, with Yunnan lignite HAs showing the highest inhibition (85.3%) against Physalospora piricola. The soil and compost HA aromaticity (ARO) was <50%, except for black soil HAs, while the ARO of all coal HAs was >60%. The ARO of meadow and moss peat HAs was <50%, while the ARO of woody peat HAs was 50.61%. Mantel test and redundancy analysis (RDA) were applied to evaluate the structure-activity relationship. The Mantel test revealed that the N, S, O, N/O, carbonyl C, aromatic C-O, and anomeric C contents were significantly correlated with fungistatic activity. The RDA analysis showed that the S content was positively correlated with fungistatic activity, while the O content was negatively correlated. The carbonyl C content had a positive correlation with fungistatic activity, while the anomeric C and aromatic C-O content had a negative correlation. A high S content and an active composition (carbonyl C) in HAs would lead to a high degree of fungistatic activity. Phytotoxicity test indicated all HAs were beneficial to plant growth. This work identified the basic properties of HAs from various raw materials that control their fungistatic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 71, East Beijing Road , P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Meng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 71, East Beijing Road , P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Guilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 71, East Beijing Road , P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008 , China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 71, East Beijing Road , P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Chunyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 71, East Beijing Road , P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zhongpei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 71, East Beijing Road , P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pittarello M, Busato JG, Carletti P, Zanetti LV, da Silva J, Dobbss LB. Effects of different humic substances concentrations on root anatomy and Cd accumulation in seedlings of Avicennia germinans (black mangrove). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 130:113-122. [PMID: 29866537 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove areas are among most threatened tropical ecosystems worldwide. Among polluting agents Cadmium is often found in high concentrations in mangrove sediments. Humic substances, complex biomolecules formed in soil and sediments during animal and plant residuals decomposition, have a known biostimulant activity and can be adopted to counteract various plant stresses. This study explores, in controlled conditions, the effect of humic substances on Avicennia germinans seedlings, with or without cadmium contamination. Humic compounds significantly changed plant root architecture, and, when coupled with cadmium, root anatomy and Cortex to Vascular Cylinder diameter ratio. These modifications led to lower Cd uptake by humic substances-treated plants. Humic substances amendment could be effective, depending on their concentrations, on improving plant health in mangrove areas, for forest recuperation and/or dredged sediments phytoremediation purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pittarello
- University of Vila Velha, Ecology of organic matter laboratory, Biopraticas Compound, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
| | - Jader Galba Busato
- University of Brasilia, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Sciences Central Institute, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Paolo Carletti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Valandro Zanetti
- Federal University of Espirito Santo, Biological sciences Department, Botany Sector, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Juscimar da Silva
- Embrapa Hortaliças, Rodovia BR-060, Km 09, Fazenda Tamanduà, CEP70351-970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Barros Dobbss
- Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Unaí, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dobbss LB, Dos Santos TC, Pittarello M, de Souza SB, Ramos AC, Busato JG. Alleviation of iron toxicity in Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) by humic substances. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:9416-9425. [PMID: 29349744 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the industrial pillars of Espírito Santo state, South East of Brazil, is iron-mining products processing. This activity brings to a high level of coastal pollution due to deposition of iron particulate on fragile ecosystems as mangroves and restinga. Schinus therebinthifolius (aroeira) is a widespread restinga species. This work tested iron toxicity alleviation by vermicompost humic substances (HS) added to aroeira seedlings in hydroponic conditions. Catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase are antioxidant enzymes that work as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers: they increase their activity as an answer to ROS concentration rise that is the consequence of metal accumulation or humic substance stimulation. S. terebinthifolius seedlings treated with HS and Fe augmented their antioxidant enzyme activities significantly less than seedlings treated separately with HS and Fe; their significantly lower Fe accumulation and the slight increase of root and leaf area confirm the biostimulating effect of HS and their role in blocking Fe excess outside the roots. The use of HS can be useful for the recovery of areas contaminated by heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Barros Dobbss
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Instituto de Ciências Agrárias (ICA), Avenida Vereador João Narciso, 1380, Cachoeira, Unaí, MG, 38610-000, Brazil.
| | - Tamires Cruz Dos Santos
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Laboratório de Biotecnologia (LBT), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Marco Pittarello
- Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Campus N. Sra. da Penha, Complexo Biopráticas, Rua Mercúrio, s/n, Boa Vista 1, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-623, Brazil
| | - Sávio Bastos de Souza
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Coutinho Ramos
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB). Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos (LFBM), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Jader Galba Busato
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Veterinária (FAV), Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Caixa Postal 4508, Brasília, DF, 70910-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Giachin G, Nepravishta R, Mandaliti W, Melino S, Margon A, Scaini D, Mazzei P, Piccolo A, Legname G, Paci M, Leita L. The mechanisms of humic substances self-assembly with biological molecules: The case study of the prion protein. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188308. [PMID: 29161325 PMCID: PMC5697873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Humic substances (HS) are the largest constituent of soil organic matter and are considered as a key component of the terrestrial ecosystem. HS may facilitate the transport of organic and inorganic molecules, as well as the sorption interactions with environmentally relevant proteins such as prions. Prions enter the environment through shedding from live hosts, facilitating a sustained incidence of animal prion diseases such as Chronic Wasting Disease and scrapie in cervid and ovine populations, respectively. Changes in prion structure upon environmental exposure may be significant as they can affect prion infectivity and disease pathology. Despite its relevance, the mechanisms of prion interaction with HS are still not completely understood. The goal of this work is to advance a structural-level picture of the encapsulation of recombinant, non-infectious, prion protein (PrP) into different natural HS. We observed that PrP precipitation upon addition of HS is mainly driven by a mechanism of "salting-out" whereby PrP molecules are rapidly removed from the solution and aggregate in insoluble adducts with humic molecules. Importantly, this process does not alter the protein folding since insoluble PrP retains its α-helical content when in complex with HS. The observed ability of HS to promote PrP insolubilization without altering its secondary structure may have potential relevance in the context of "prion ecology". These results suggest that soil organic matter interacts with prions possibly without altering the protein structures. This may facilitate prions preservation from biotic and abiotic degradation leading to their accumulation in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Giachin
- Department of Neurosciences, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
- * E-mail: (GG); (LL)
| | - Ridvan Nepravishta
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- School of Pharmacy, East Anglia University, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Walter Mandaliti
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Melino
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Alja Margon
- CREA Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (Council for Agricultural Research and Economics), Gorizia, Italy
| | - Denis Scaini
- Life Science Department, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- ELETTRA Synchrotron Light Source, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mazzei
- Interdepartmental Research Centre (CERMANU), University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piccolo
- Interdepartmental Research Centre (CERMANU), University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Legname
- Department of Neurosciences, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
- ELETTRA Synchrotron Light Source, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Paci
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Liviana Leita
- CREA Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (Council for Agricultural Research and Economics), Gorizia, Italy
- * E-mail: (GG); (LL)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Morozesk M, Bonomo MM, Souza IDC, Rocha LD, Duarte ID, Martins IO, Dobbss LB, Carneiro MTWD, Fernandes MN, Matsumoto ST. Effects of humic acids from landfill leachate on plants: An integrated approach using chemical, biochemical and cytogenetic analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:309-317. [PMID: 28601664 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological process treatment of landfill leachate produces a significant amount of sludge, characterized by high levels of organic matter from which humic acids are known to activate several enzymes of energy metabolism, stimulating plant growth. This study aimed to characterize humic acids extracted from landfill sludge and assess the effects on plants exposed to different concentrations (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mM C L-1) by chemical and biological analysis, to elucidate the influence of such organic material and minimize potential risks of using sludge in natura. Landfill humic acids showed high carbon and nitrogen levels, which may represent an important source of nutrients for plants. Biochemical analysis demonstrated an increase of enzyme activity, especially H+-ATPase in 2 mM C L-1 landfill humic acid. Additionally, cytogenetic alterations were observed in meristematic and F1 cells, through nuclear abnormalities and micronuclei. Multivariate statistical analysis provided integration of physical, chemical and biological data. Despite all the nutritional benefits of humic acids and their activation of plant antioxidant systems, the observed biological effects showed concerning levels of mutagenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Morozesk
- Physiological Science Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Av. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Marques Bonomo
- Physiological Science Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Av. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iara da Costa Souza
- Physiological Science Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Av. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Dorsch Rocha
- Biological Science Department, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Ian Drumond Duarte
- Biological Science Department, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Ian Oliveira Martins
- Biological Science Department, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Barros Dobbss
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Avenida Vereador Joao Narciso, 1380, 38610-000, Unai, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Physiological Science Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Av. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Tamie Matsumoto
- Biological Science Department, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pittarello M, Busato JG, Carletti P, Dobbss LB. Possible developments for ex situ phytoremediation of contaminated sediments, in tropical and subtropical regions - Review. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:707-719. [PMID: 28531837 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The growing problem of remediation of contaminated sediments dredged from harbor channels needs to be resolved by a cost effective and sustainable technology. Phytoremediation, by ex situ remediation plants, seems to have the potential to replace traditional methods in case of moderately contaminated sediments. On the other side, the need to mix sediments with soil and/or sand to allow an easier establishment of most employed species causes an increase of the volume of the processed substrate up to 30%. Moreover the majority of phytoremediating species are natives of temperate climate belt. Mangroves, with a special focus on the genus Avicennia - a salt secreting species - should represent an effective alternative in terms of adaptation to salty, anoxic sediments and an opportunity to develop ex situ phytoremediation plants in tropical and subtropical regions. The use of humic acid to increase root development, cell antioxidant activity and the potential attenuation of the "heavy metals exclusion strategy" to increase phytoextraction potentials of mangroves will be reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pittarello
- University of Vila Velha, Ecology of Organic Matter Laboratory, Biopraticas Compound, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
| | - Jader Galba Busato
- University of Brasilia, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Sciences Central Institute, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Paolo Carletti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Barros Dobbss
- Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Unaí, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Monda H, Cozzolino V, Vinci G, Spaccini R, Piccolo A. Molecular characteristics of water-extractable organic matter from different composted biomasses and their effects on seed germination and early growth of maize. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 590-591:40-49. [PMID: 28288420 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Four water extractable organic matter (WEOM) were obtained from composts made out of residues of: 1. artichoke (C-CYN), 2. artichoke/fennel (C-CYNF), 3. tomato/woodchips (C-TOM), 4. Municipal solid waste (C-MSW), and their bioactivity was tested for maize seed germination and maize seedling growth. The molecular properties of both original composts and their WEOM were characterized by spectroscopic (13C-CPMAS- and 1H NMR, FTIR-ATR), thermochemolysis-GC/MS, and thermal methods (TGA, DSC). While all WEOM had significant effects on plant growth, CYN-WEOM was the only material that concomitantly increased germination rate and primary and lateral root length of maize seedlings. The lignin-rich WEOM from green composts were generally more effective than those obtained from equally hydrophobic, but mainly alkyl-rich municipal organic wastes. A flexible conformational structure, due to the balanced content of aromatic compounds and carbohydrates, appeared to facilitate the release of bioactive molecules from WEOM suprastructures and stimulate plant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiarhi Monda
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agro-Alimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Vincenza Cozzolino
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agro-Alimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Vinci
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agro-Alimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Riccardo Spaccini
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agro-Alimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piccolo
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agro-Alimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Scaglia B, Pognani M, Adani F. The anaerobic digestion process capability to produce biostimulant: the case study of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) vs. auxin-like property. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 589:36-45. [PMID: 28259834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulants improve plant growth by stimulating nutrient uptake and efficiency, improving tolerance to abiotic stress and raising crop quality. Biostimulants are currently only recognised in five categories. However, the recent interest in this sector has led to the identification of some new ones. The aim of this work was to study the auxin-like activity of digestate dissolved organic matter (DOM) obtained from full scale anaerobic digester plants. All DOMs had biostimulant capacity comparable with humic acid and amino acids. The auxin-like activities depended mainly on the hydrophobic DOM fractions for the presence of auxin-active and other auxin-like molecules. Significant correlations were found for the auxin-effect in relation to auxin-active molecules and fatty acids responsible for most of the auxin-like effects (67% of the total importance in giving auxin-like activity) while a minor or null contribution was attributable to the carboxylic acids and aminoacid categories. Therefore, the anaerobic digestion process seems to be a useful biotechnology to produce biostimulants. Basing on these first results, the expanding anaerobic digestion sector could become important for the production of new biostimulant classes to meet the agricultural sector's new requirements and saving on raw materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Scaglia
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milano, Italy.
| | - Michele Pognani
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yakhin OI, Lubyanov AA, Yakhin IA, Brown PH. Biostimulants in Plant Science: A Global Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 7:2049. [PMID: 28184225 PMCID: PMC5266735 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive and systematic study of the field of plant biostimulants and considers the fundamental and innovative principles underlying this technology. The elucidation of the biological basis of biostimulant function is a prerequisite for the development of science-based biostimulant industry and sound regulations governing these compounds. The task of defining the biological basis of biostimulants as a class of compounds, however, is made more complex by the diverse sources of biostimulants present in the market, which include bacteria, fungi, seaweeds, higher plants, animals and humate-containing raw materials, and the wide diversity of industrial processes utilized in their preparation. To distinguish biostimulants from the existing legislative product categories we propose the following definition of a biostimulant as "a formulated product of biological origin that improves plant productivity as a consequence of the novel or emergent properties of the complex of constituents, and not as a sole consequence of the presence of known essential plant nutrients, plant growth regulators, or plant protective compounds." The definition provided here is important as it emphasizes the principle that biological function can be positively modulated through application of molecules, or mixtures of molecules, for which an explicit mode of action has not been defined. Given the difficulty in determining a "mode of action" for a biostimulant, and recognizing the need for the market in biostimulants to attain legitimacy, we suggest that the focus of biostimulant research and validation should be upon proof of efficacy and safety and the determination of a broad mechanism of action, without a requirement for the determination of a specific mode of action. While there is a clear commercial imperative to rationalize biostimulants as a discrete class of products, there is also a compelling biological case for the science-based development of, and experimentation with biostimulants in the expectation that this may lead to the identification of novel biological molecules and phenomenon, pathways and processes, that would not have been discovered if the category of biostimulants did not exist, or was not considered legitimate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg I. Yakhin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of SciencesUfa, Russia
- R&D Company Eco PrirodaUlkundy, Russia
| | | | | | - Patrick H. Brown
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yakhin OI, Lubyanov AA, Yakhin IA, Brown PH. Biostimulants in Plant Science: A Global Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 7:2049. [PMID: 28184225 DOI: 10.3389/fpls] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive and systematic study of the field of plant biostimulants and considers the fundamental and innovative principles underlying this technology. The elucidation of the biological basis of biostimulant function is a prerequisite for the development of science-based biostimulant industry and sound regulations governing these compounds. The task of defining the biological basis of biostimulants as a class of compounds, however, is made more complex by the diverse sources of biostimulants present in the market, which include bacteria, fungi, seaweeds, higher plants, animals and humate-containing raw materials, and the wide diversity of industrial processes utilized in their preparation. To distinguish biostimulants from the existing legislative product categories we propose the following definition of a biostimulant as "a formulated product of biological origin that improves plant productivity as a consequence of the novel or emergent properties of the complex of constituents, and not as a sole consequence of the presence of known essential plant nutrients, plant growth regulators, or plant protective compounds." The definition provided here is important as it emphasizes the principle that biological function can be positively modulated through application of molecules, or mixtures of molecules, for which an explicit mode of action has not been defined. Given the difficulty in determining a "mode of action" for a biostimulant, and recognizing the need for the market in biostimulants to attain legitimacy, we suggest that the focus of biostimulant research and validation should be upon proof of efficacy and safety and the determination of a broad mechanism of action, without a requirement for the determination of a specific mode of action. While there is a clear commercial imperative to rationalize biostimulants as a discrete class of products, there is also a compelling biological case for the science-based development of, and experimentation with biostimulants in the expectation that this may lead to the identification of novel biological molecules and phenomenon, pathways and processes, that would not have been discovered if the category of biostimulants did not exist, or was not considered legitimate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg I Yakhin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of SciencesUfa, Russia; R&D Company Eco PrirodaUlkundy, Russia
| | | | | | - Patrick H Brown
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bryukhovetskaya LV, Zherebtsov SI, Malyshenko NV, Ismagilov ZR. Sorption of copper cations by native and modified humic acids. COKE AND CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068364x16110041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
28
|
Scaglia B, Nunes RR, Rezende MOO, Tambone F, Adani F. Investigating organic molecules responsible of auxin-like activity of humic acid fraction extracted from vermicompost. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 562:289-295. [PMID: 27100009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This work studied the auxin-like activity of humic acids (HA) obtained from vermicomposts produced using leather wastes plus cattle dung at different maturation stages (fresh, stable and mature). Bioassays were performed by testing HA concentrations in the range of 100-6000mgcarbonL(-1). (13)C CPMAS-NMR and GC-MS instrumental methods were used to assess the effect of biological processes and starting organic mixtures on HA composition. Not all HAs showed IAA-like activity and in general, IAA-like activity increased with the length of the vermicomposting process. The presence of leather wastes was not necessary to produce the auxin-like activity of HA, since HA extracted from a mix of cattle manure and sawdust, where no leather waste was added, showed IAA-like activity as well. CPMAS (13)CNMR revealed that HAs were similar independently of the mix used and that the humification process involved the increasing concentration of pre-existing alkali soluble fractions in the biomass. GC/MS allowed the identification of the molecules involved in IAA-like effects: carboxylic acids and amino acids. The concentration of active molecules, rather than their simple presence in HA, determined the bio-stimulating effect, and a good linear regression between auxin-like activity and active stimulating molecules concentration was found (R(2)=-0.85; p<0.01, n=6).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Scaglia
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs - DiSAA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Italy.
| | - Ramom Rachide Nunes
- Laboratório de Química Ambiental, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Maria Olímpia Oliveira Rezende
- Laboratório de Química Ambiental, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Fulvia Tambone
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs - DiSAA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs - DiSAA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
de O. Pinto T, García AC, Guedes JDN, do A. Sobrinho NMB, Tavares OCH, Berbara RLL. Assessment of the Use of Natural Materials for the Remediation of Cadmium Soil Contamination. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157547. [PMID: 27341440 PMCID: PMC4920433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice plants accumulate cadmium (Cd2+) within the grain, increasing the danger of human exposure. Natural materials have been used in soil remediation, but few studies have examined the risks (based on the bioavailability of these metals to plants) of using these materials, so the practice remains controversial. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of biochar produced from sugarcane bagasse, vermicompost (VC), vermicompost solid residue (VCR) and humin for remediation of Cd2+-contaminated soils. We characterized the interactions between these materials and Cd2+ and evaluated their capacity to alter Cd2+ availability to rice plants. Our results show that under the conditions in this study, biochar and humin were not effective for soil remediation. Although biochar had high Cd2+ retention, it was associated with high Cd2+ bioavailability and increased Cd2+ accumulation in rice plants. VC and VCR had high Cd2+ retention capacity as well as low Cd2+ availability to plants. These characteristics were especially notable for VCR, which was most effective for soil remediation. The results of our study demonstrate that in the tested materials, the bioavailability of Cd2+ to plants is related to their structural characteristics, which in turn determine their retention of Cd2+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana de O. Pinto
- Soil Science Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro, CEP, Brazil
| | - Andrés C. García
- Soil Science Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro, CEP, Brazil
| | - Jair do N. Guedes
- Soil Science Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro, CEP, Brazil
| | - Nelson M. B. do A. Sobrinho
- Soil Science Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro, CEP, Brazil
| | - Orlando C. H. Tavares
- Soil Science Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro, CEP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L. L. Berbara
- Soil Science Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro, CEP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Involvement of Hormone- and ROS-Signaling Pathways in the Beneficial Action of Humic Substances on Plants Growing under Normal and Stressing Conditions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3747501. [PMID: 27366744 PMCID: PMC4913021 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3747501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The importance of soil humus in soil fertility has been well established many years ago. However, the knowledge about the whole mechanisms by which humic molecules in the rhizosphere improve plant growth remains partial and rather fragmentary. In this review we discuss the relationships between two main signaling pathway families that are affected by humic substances within the plant: one directly related to hormonal action and the other related to reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this sense, our aims are to try the integration of all these events in a more comprehensive model and underline some points in the model that remain unclear and deserve further research.
Collapse
|
31
|
García AC, de Souza LGA, Pereira MG, Castro RN, García-Mina JM, Zonta E, Lisboa FJG, Berbara RLL. Structure-Property-Function Relationship in Humic Substances to Explain the Biological Activity in Plants. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20798. [PMID: 26862010 PMCID: PMC4748406 DOI: 10.1038/srep20798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the structure-property-function relationship of humic substances (HSs) is key for understanding their role in soil. Despite progress, studies on this topic are still under discussion. We analyzed 37 humic fractions with respect to their isotopic composition, structural characteristics, and properties responsible for stimulating plant root parameters. We showed that regardless of the source of origin of the carbon (C3 or C4), soil-extracted HSs and humic acids (HAs) are structurally similar to each other. The more labile and functionalized HS fraction is responsible for root emission, whereas the more recalcitrant and less functionalized HA fraction is related to root growth. Labile structures promote root stimulation at lower concentrations, while recalcitrant structures require higher concentrations to promote a similar stimulus. These findings show that lability and recalcitrance, which are derived properties of humic fractions, are related to the type and intensity of their bioactivity. In summary, the comparison of humic fractions allowed a better understanding of the relationship between the source of origin of plant carbon and the structure, properties, and type and intensity of the bioactivity of HSs in plants. In this study, scientific concepts are unified and the basis for the agronomic use of HSs is established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Calderín García
- Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Soil Science Dept. Rodovia BR 465 km 7, Seropédica, RJ, CEP 23890-000, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Gervasio Pereira
- Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Soil Science Dept. Rodovia BR 465 km 7, Seropédica, RJ, CEP 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Rosane Nora Castro
- Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Chemistry Department, Rodovia BR 465 km 7, Seropédica, RJ, CEP 23890-000, Brazil
| | - José María García-Mina
- Department of Environmental Biology, Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group-CMI Roullier, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra 31008, Spain
| | - Everaldo Zonta
- Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Soil Science Dept. Rodovia BR 465 km 7, Seropédica, RJ, CEP 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Francy Junior Gonçalves Lisboa
- Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Soil Science Dept. Rodovia BR 465 km 7, Seropédica, RJ, CEP 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luis Louro Berbara
- Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Soil Science Dept. Rodovia BR 465 km 7, Seropédica, RJ, CEP 23890-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Water-Soluble Lignins from Different Bioenergy Crops Stimulate the Early Development of Maize (Zea mays, L.). Molecules 2015; 20:19958-70. [PMID: 26556330 PMCID: PMC6332221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular composition of water-soluble lignins isolated from four non-food bioenergy crops (cardoon CAR, eucalyptus EUC, and two black poplars RIP and LIM) was characterized in detail, and their potential bioactivity towards maize germination and early growth evaluated. Lignins were found to not affect seed germination rates, but stimulated the maize seedling development, though to a different extent. RIP promoted root elongation, while CAR only stimulated the length of lateral seminal roots and coleoptile, and LIM improved only the coleoptile development. The most significant bioactivity of CAR was related to its large content of aliphatic OH groups, C-O carbons and lowest hydrophobicity, as assessed by 31P-NMR and 13C-CPMAS-NMR spectroscopies. Less bioactive RIP and LIM lignins were similar in composition, but their stimulation of maize seedling was different. This was accounted to their diverse content of aliphatic OH groups and S- and G-type molecules. The poorest bioactivity of the EUC lignin was attributed to its smallest content of aliphatic OH groups and largest hydrophobicity. Both these features may be conducive of a EUC conformational structure tight enough to prevent its alteration by organic acids exuded from vegetal tissues. Conversely the more labile conformational arrangements of the other more hydrophilic lignin extracts promoted their bioactivity by releasing biologically active molecules upon the action of exuded organic acids. Our findings indicate that water-soluble lignins from non-food crops may be effectively used as plant biostimulants, thus contributing to increase the economic and ecological liability of bio-based industries.
Collapse
|
33
|
Silva MACD, Santos WOD, Simoura NT, Tesch JA, Ruas KF, Colodete CM, Tannure FP, Barbirato JDO, Ramos AC, Dobbss LB. Ácidos húmicos de vermicomposto estimulam o crescimento in vitro de plântulas de Cattleya warneri(Orchidaceae). RODRIGUÉSIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860201566307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ResumoA Cattleya warneri var. concolor(Orchidaceae) é uma planta epífita ameaçada de extinção com potencial econômico ornamental. Este trabalho objetivou estudar o crescimentoin vitro de plântulas da espécie supracitada em diferentes doses de ácidos húmicos (AH) isolados de vermicomposto. A avaliação do crescimento promovido pelos AH foi realizada por meio das variáveis número de folhas e raízes, massas frescas e secas das folhas e de raízes e de estimativas da atividade da enzima H+-ATPase. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o material húmico obtido foi capaz de incrementar o crescimento da planta estudada e promover estímulos associados à atividade da referida enzima. Estabelece-se assim, um bioestimulante eficiente visando a produção de mudas deCattleya warneri var. concolor.
Collapse
|
34
|
Martinez-Balmori D, Spaccini R, Aguiar NO, Novotny EH, Olivares FL, Canellas LP. Molecular characteristics of humic acids isolated from vermicomposts and their relationship to bioactivity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:11412-9. [PMID: 25379603 DOI: 10.1021/jf504629c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Vermitechnology is an effective composting method, which transforms biomass into nutrient-rich organic fertilizer. Mature vermicompost is a renewable organic product containing humic substances with high biological activity. The aim of this study was to assess the chemical characteristics and the bioactivity of humic acids isolated from different vermicomposts produced with either cattle manure, sugar cane bagasse, sunflower cake from seed oil extraction, or filter cake from a sugar cane factory. More than 200 different molecules were found, and it was possible to identify chemical markers on humic acids according to the nature of the organic source. The large hydrophobic character of humic extracts and the preservation of altered lignin derivatives confer to humic acids the ability to induce lateral root emergence in maize seedlings. Humic acid-like substances extracted from plant biomass residues represent an additional valuable product of vermicomposting that can be used as a plant growth promoter.
Collapse
|
35
|
Valero N, Gómez L, Pantoja M, Ramírez R. Production of humic substances through coal-solubilizing bacteria. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:911-8. [PMID: 25477925 PMCID: PMC4204976 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000300021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the production of humic substances (HS) through the bacterial solubilization of low rank coal (LRC) was evaluated. The evaluation was carried out by 19 bacterial strains isolated in microenvironments with high contents of coal wastes. The biotransformed LRC and the HS produced were quantified in vitro in a liquid growth medium. The humic acids (HA) obtained from the most active bacterial strain were characterized via elemental composition (C, H, N, O), IR analyses, and the E4/E6 ratio; they were then compared with the HA extracted chemically using NaOH. There was LRC biotransformation ranged from 25 to 37%, and HS production ranged from 127 to 3100 mg.L−1. More activity was detected in the isolated strains of Bacillus mycoides, Microbacterium sp, Acinetobacter sp, and Enterobacter aerogenes. The HA produced by B. mycoides had an IR spectrum and an E4/E6 ratio similar to those of the HA extracted with NAOH, but their elemental composition and their degree of aromatic condensation was different. Results suggest that these bacteria can be used to exploit the LRC resulting from coal mining activities and thus produce HS in order to improve the content of humified organic matter in soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Valero
- Laboratory of Environmental and Agricultural Microbiology Universidad Popular del Cesar Campus Sabanas, Valledupar Colombia Laboratory of Environmental and Agricultural Microbiology, Universidad Popular del Cesar, Campus Sabanas, Valledupar, Colombia. ; Faculty of Basic Science Universidad de La Guajira Riohacha Colombia Faculty of Basic Science, Universidad de La Guajira, Riohacha, Colombia
| | - Liliana Gómez
- Laboratory of Environmental and Agricultural Microbiology Universidad Popular del Cesar Campus Sabanas, Valledupar Colombia Laboratory of Environmental and Agricultural Microbiology, Universidad Popular del Cesar, Campus Sabanas, Valledupar, Colombia
| | - Manuel Pantoja
- Laboratory of Environmental and Agricultural Microbiology Universidad Popular del Cesar Campus Sabanas, Valledupar Colombia Laboratory of Environmental and Agricultural Microbiology, Universidad Popular del Cesar, Campus Sabanas, Valledupar, Colombia
| | - Ramiro Ramírez
- Soil Physics Laboratory Universidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín Colombia Soil Physics Laboratory, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Calvo P, Nelson L, Kloepper JW. Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants. PLANT AND SOIL 2014. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-014-2131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
|
37
|
|
38
|
Molecular evaluation of soil organic matter characteristics in three agricultural soils by improved off-line thermochemolysis: The effect of hydrofluoric acid demineralisation treatment. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 802:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
39
|
Marino G, Righi V, Simoni A, Schenetti L, Mucci A, Tugnoli V, Muzzi E, Francioso O. Effect of a peat humic acid on morphogenesis in leaf explants of Pyrus communis and Cydonia oblonga . Metabolomic analysis at an early stage of regeneration. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4979-4987. [PMID: 23627499 DOI: 10.1021/jf4004785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant regeneration is a critical step in most in vitro breeding techniques. This paper studies the effects of a low-molecular-weight humic acid (HA) on morphogenesis from pear and quince leaf explants. Variable HA amounts [0 (control), 1, 5, 10, and 20 mg C L(-1)] were added to the regeneration media. A dose-response effect was observed in pear for root and shoot production; it was improved at HA 1 mg C L(-1) and considerably reduced at the highest amounts. HA was, instead, ineffective in quince. The (1)H HR-MAS NMR analyses of calli in the induction phase showed more evident metabolite (asparagine, alanine, and γ-aminobutyric acid) signals in quince than in pear. The assignment of overlapped signals in both genotypes was supported by the 2D NMR analyses. Spectroscopic characterization suggested also an enhancement of asparagine contents in morphogenic calli of pear with respect to the control and higher HA amount treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Marino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Università di Bologna , V.le Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Novoa-Carballal R, Fernandez-Megia E, Jimenez C, Riguera R. NMR methods for unravelling the spectra of complex mixtures. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 28:78-98. [PMID: 20936238 DOI: 10.1039/c005320c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The main methods for the simplification of the NMR of complex mixtures by selective attenuation/suppression of the signals of certain components are presented. The application of relaxation, diffusion and PSR filters and other techniques to biological samples, pharmaceuticals, foods, living organisms and natural products are illustrated with examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Novoa-Carballal
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Centre for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mora V, Bacaicoa E, Zamarreño AM, Aguirre E, Garnica M, Fuentes M, García-Mina JM. Action of humic acid on promotion of cucumber shoot growth involves nitrate-related changes associated with the root-to-shoot distribution of cytokinins, polyamines and mineral nutrients. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 167:633-642. [PMID: 20185204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported the ability of humic substances to increase shoot growth in different plant species cultivated under diverse growth conditions. However, the mechanism responsible for this effect of humic substances is poorly understood. It is possible that the shoot promoting effect of humic substances involves a primary effect on root H(+)-ATPase activity and nitrate root-shoot distribution that, in turn, causes changes in the root-shoot distribution of certain cytokinins, polyamines and abscisic acid, thus affecting shoot growth. We investigated this hypothesis in the present study. The results showed that the root application of a purified humic acid causes a significant increase in shoot growth that is associated with an enhancement in root H(+)-ATPase activity, an increase in nitrate shoot concentration, and a decrease in roots. These effects were associated with significant increases in the shoot concentration of several cytokinins and polyamines (principally putrescine), concomitant with decreases in roots. Likewise, these changes in the root-shoot distribution of diverse active cytokinins correlated well to significant changes in the root-shoot distribution of several mineral nutrients. These results, taken together, indicate that the beneficial effects of humic substances on shoot development in cucumber could be directly associated with nitrate-related effects on the shoot concentration of several active cytokinins and polyamines (principally putrescine).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Mora
- Department of Chemistry and Soil Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, P.O. Box 273, 31080 Pamplona (Navarra), Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|