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Crocetti L, Khlebnikov AI, Guerrini G, Schepetkin IA, Melani F, Giovannoni MP, Quinn MT. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Pyrazolo[1,5- a]quinazolines. Molecules 2024; 29:2421. [PMID: 38893295 PMCID: PMC11173647 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation contributes to a number of diseases. Therefore, control of the inflammatory response is an important therapeutic goal. To identify novel anti-inflammatory compounds, we synthesized and screened a library of 80 pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline compounds and related derivatives. Screening of these compounds for their ability to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcriptional activity in human THP-1Blue monocytic cells identified 13 compounds with anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 < 50 µM) in a cell-based test system, with two of the most potent being compounds 13i (5-[(4-sulfamoylbenzyl)oxy]pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline-3-carboxamide) and 16 (5-[(4-(methylsulfinyl)benzyloxy]pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline-3-carboxamide). Pharmacophore mapping of potential targets predicted that 13i and 16 may be ligands for three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), p38α, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3). Indeed, molecular modeling supported that these compounds could effectively bind to ERK2, p38α, and JNK3, with the highest complementarity to JNK3. The key residues of JNK3 important for this binding were identified. Moreover, compounds 13i and 16 exhibited micromolar binding affinities for JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3. Thus, our results demonstrate the potential for developing lead anti-inflammatory drugs based on the pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline and related scaffolds that are targeted toward MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Crocetti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino (NEUROFARBA), Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Andrei I. Khlebnikov
- Kizhner Research Center, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;
| | - Gabriella Guerrini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino (NEUROFARBA), Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Igor A. Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| | - Fabrizio Melani
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino (NEUROFARBA), Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino (NEUROFARBA), Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Mark T. Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
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Crocetti L, Catarzi F, Giovannoni MP, Vergelli C, Bartolucci G, Pallecchi M, Paoli P, Rossi P, Lippi M, Schepetkin IA, Quinn MT, Guerrini G. Ebselen analogues with dual human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitory and antiradical activity. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1247-1257. [PMID: 38665832 PMCID: PMC11042244 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00736g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) plays an essential role in host defense against bacteria but is also involved in several respiratory diseases. Recent reports suggest that compounds exhibiting a combination of HNE inhibitory activity with antiradical properties may be therapeutically beneficial for the treatment of respiratory diseases involving inflammation and oxidative stress. We report here the synthesis and biological evaluation of novel ebselen analogues exhibiting HNE inhibitory and antiradical activities. HNE inhibition was evaluated in an enzymatic system using human HNE, whereas antiradical activity was evaluated in a cell-based assay system using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated murine bone marrow leukocytes as the source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). HNE inhibition was due to the N-CO group targeting Ser195-OH at position 2 of the scaffold, while antiradical activity was due to the presence of the selenium atom. The most active compounds 4d, 4f, and 4j exhibited a good balance between anti-HNE (IC50 = 0.9-1.4 μM) and antiradical activity (IC50 = 0.05-0.7 μM). Additionally, the solid-state structure of 4d was determined and compared to that of the similar compound N-propionyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Crocetti
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence Via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy +39 055 4573683
| | - Francesca Catarzi
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence Via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy +39 055 4573683
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence Via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy +39 055 4573683
| | - Claudia Vergelli
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence Via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy +39 055 4573683
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence Via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy +39 055 4573683
| | - Marco Pallecchi
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence Via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy +39 055 4573683
| | - Paola Paoli
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence Via Santa Marta 3 50139 Florence Italy
| | - Patrizia Rossi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence Via Santa Marta 3 50139 Florence Italy
| | - Martina Lippi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence Via Santa Marta 3 50139 Florence Italy
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University Bozeman MT 59717 USA
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University Bozeman MT 59717 USA
| | - Gabriella Guerrini
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence Via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy +39 055 4573683
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Spectrofluorimetric and Computational Investigation of New Phthalimide Derivatives towards Human Neutrophil Elastase Inhibition and Antiproliferative Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010110. [PMID: 36613577 PMCID: PMC9820738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, nine phthalimide-based thiazoles (4a-4i) were synthesized and investigated as new human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors using spectrofluorimetric and computational methods. The most active compounds containing 4-trifluoromethyl (4c), 4-naphthyl (4e) and 2,4,6-trichloro (4h) substituents in the phenyl ring exhibited high HNE inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 12.98-16.62 µM. Additionally, compound 4c exhibited mixed mechanism of action. Computational investigation provided a consistent picture of the ligand-receptor pattern of inter-actions, common for the whole considered group of compounds. Moreover, compounds 4b, 4c, 4d and 4f showed high antiproliferative activity against human cancer cells lines MV4-11, and A549 with IC50 values of 8.21 to 25.57 µM. Additionally, compound 4g showed high activity against MDA-MB-231 and UMUC-3 with IC50 values of 9.66 and 19.81 µM, respectively. Spectrophotometric analysis showed that the most active compound 4c demonstrated high stability under physiological conditions.
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Molecular manipulation of the 1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-indazol-4-one scaffold to obtain new human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Discovery of New 3,3-Diethylazetidine-2,4-dione Based Thiazoles as Nanomolar Human Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitors with Broad-Spectrum Antiproliferative Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147566. [PMID: 35886913 PMCID: PMC9321231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 3,3-diethylazetidine-2,4-dione based thiazoles 3a–3j were designed and synthesized as new human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors in nanomolar range. The representative compounds 3c, 3e, and 3h exhibit high HNE inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 35.02–44.59 nM, with mixed mechanism of action. Additionally, the most active compounds 3c and 3e demonstrate high stability under physiological conditions. The molecular docking study showed good correlation of the binding energies with the IC50 values, suggesting that the inhibition properties are largely dependent on the stage of ligand alignment in the binding cavity. The inhibition properties are correlated with the energy level of substrates of the reaction of ligand with Ser195. Moreover, most compounds showed high and broad-spectrum antiproliferative activity against human leukemia (MV4-11), human lung carcinoma (A549), human breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231), and urinary bladder carcinoma (UMUC-3), with IC50 values of 4.59–9.86 μM. Additionally, compounds 3c and 3e can induce cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis via caspase-3 activation, leading to inhibition of A549 cell proliferation. These findings suggest that these new types of drugs could be used to treat cancer and other diseases in which immunoreactive HNE is produced.
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Ran D, Gomez K, Moutal A, Patek M, Perez-Miller S, Khanna R. Comparison of quinazoline and benzoylpyrazoline chemotypes targeting the CaVα-β interaction as antagonists of the N-type CaV2.2 channel. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:128-135. [PMID: 33416017 PMCID: PMC7808423 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2020.1863595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural studies with an α subunit fragment of voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels in complex with the CaVβ subunits revealed a high homology between the various CaVα-β subunits, predicting that targeting of this interface would result in nonselective compounds. Despite this likelihood, my laboratory initiated a rational structure-based screening campaign focusing on "hot spots" on the alpha interacting domain (AID) of the CaVβ2a subunits and identified the small molecule 2-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-N-((4-((3-phenylpropyl)amino)quinazolin-2-yl)methyl)acetamide ( IPPQ ) which selectively targeted the interface between the N-type calcium (CaV2.2) channel and CaVβ. IPPQ (i) specifically bound to CaVβ2a; (ii) inhibited CaVβ2 's interaction with CaV.2-AID; (iii) inhibited CaV2.2 currents in sensory neurons; (iv) inhibited pre-synaptic localization of CaV2.2 in vivo; and (v) inhibited spinal neurotransmission, which resulted in decreased neurotransmitter release. IPPQ was anti-nociceptive in naïve rats and reversed mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in rodent models of acute, neuropathic, and genetic pain. In structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies focused on improving binding affinity of IPPQ , another compound (BTT-369), a benzoyl-3,4-dihydro-1'H,2 H-3,4'-bipyrazole class of compounds, was reported by Chen and colleagues, based on work conducted in my laboratory beginning in 2008. BTT-369 contains tetraaryldihydrobipyrazole scaffold - a chemotype featuring phenyl groups known to be significantly metabolized, lower the systemic half-life, and increase the potential for toxicity. Furthermore, the benzoylpyrazoline skeleton in BTT-369 is patented across multiple therapeutic indications. Prior to embarking on an extensive optimization campaign of IPPQ , we performed a head-to-head comparison of the two compounds. We conclude that IPPQ is superior to BTT-369 for on-target efficacy, setting the stage for SAR studies to improve on IPPQ for the development of novel pain therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Ran
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kimberly Gomez
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Marcel Patek
- Bright Rock Path Consulting, LLC, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Regulonix LLC, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Peptides and Peptidomimetics as Inhibitors of Enzymes Involved in Fibrillar Collagen Degradation. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123217. [PMID: 34200889 PMCID: PMC8230458 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Collagen fibres degradation is a complex process involving a variety of enzymes. Fibrillar collagens, namely type I, II, and III, are the most widely spread collagens in human body, e.g., they are responsible for tissue fibrillar structure and skin elasticity. Nevertheless, the hyperactivity of fibrotic process and collagen accumulation results with joints, bone, heart, lungs, kidneys or liver fibroses. Per contra, dysfunctional collagen turnover and its increased degradation leads to wound healing disruption, skin photoaging, and loss of firmness and elasticity. In this review we described the main enzymes participating in collagen degradation pathway, paying particular attention to enzymes degrading fibrillar collagen. Therefore, collagenases (MMP-1, -8, and -13), elastases, and cathepsins, together with their peptide and peptidomimetic inhibitors, are reviewed. This information, related to the design and synthesis of new inhibitors based on peptide structure, can be relevant for future research in the fields of chemistry, biology, medicine, and cosmeceuticals.
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Bianchera A, Alomari E, Bruno S. Augmentation therapy with alpha 1-antitrypsin: present and future of production, formulation, and delivery. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:385-410. [PMID: 34036902 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210525161942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alpha 1-antitrypsin is one of the first protein therapeutics introduced on the market - more than 30 years ago - and, to date, it is indicated only for the treatment of the severe forms of a genetic condition known as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. The only approved preparations are derived from plasma, posing potential problems associated with its limited supply and high processing costs. Moreover, augmentation therapy with alpha 1-antitrypsin is still limited to intravenous infusions, a cumbersome regimen for patients. Here, we review the recent literature on its possible future developments, focusing on i) the recombinant alternatives to the plasma-derived protein, ii) novel formulations, and iii) novel administration routes. Regulatory issues and the still unclear noncanonical functions of alpha 1-antitrypsin - possibly associated with the glycosylation pattern found only in the plasma-derived protein - have hindered the introduction of new products. However, potentially new therapeutic indications other than the treatment of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency might open the way to new sources and new formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bianchera
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Esraa Alomari
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Exploration of nitrogen heterocycle scaffolds for the development of potent human neutrophil elastase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 29:115836. [PMID: 33218895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a potent protease that plays an important physiological role in many processes but is also involved in a variety of pathologies that affect the pulmonary system. Thus, compounds able to inhibit HNE proteolytic activity could represent effective therapeutics. We present here a new series of pyrazolopyridine and pyrrolopyridine derivatives as HNE inhibitors designed as modifications of our previously synthesized indazoles and indoles in order to evaluate effects of the change in position of the nitrogen and/or the insertion of an additional nitrogen in the scaffolds on biological activity and chemical stability. We obtained potent HNE inhibitors with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range (10-50 nM), and some compounds exhibited improved chemical stability in phosphate buffer (t1/2 > 6 h). Molecular modeling studies demonstrated that inhibitory activity was strictly dependent on the formation of a Michaelis complex between the OH group of HNE Ser195 and the carbonyl carbon of the inhibitor. Moreover, in silico ADMET calculations predicted that most of the new compounds would be optimally absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Thus, these new and potent HNE inhibitors represent novel leads for future therapeutic development.
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Al-Sayed E, Korinek M, Esmat A, Chen GY, Cheng YB, Hsieh PW, Chen BH, Hwang TL. Anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of ellagitannin isolated from Melaleuca styphelioides. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 177:112429. [PMID: 32559488 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ellagitannins have a marked antioxidant effect and can prevent liver injury induced by free radicals. An undescribed ellagitannin named styphelioidin was isolated from Melaleuca styphelioides Sm. The structure of styphelioidin was elucidated by using various spectroscopic methods. The hepatoprotective activity of styphelioidin (25, 50, and 100 μM) was tested using the CCl4-challenged HepG2 cell model by measuring alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in HepG2 cells treated with styphelioidin for 1 h followed by 40 mM CCl4. Glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) were evaluated to determine the mechanisms of the hepatoprotective activity. Styphelioidin significantly reduced the levels of ALT, AST, and MDA at all tested concentrations. Moreover, it conferred a marked increase in the GSH levels and the SOD activity compared to the CCl4-treated groups. Styphelioidin also exerted DPPH· radical-scavenging effects with an IC50 value of 3.67 μM. Results indicated the hepatoprotective therapeutic potential of styphelioidin comparable to silymarin. Moreover, anti-inflammatory activity was assessed and styphelioidin inhibited fMLF/CB-induced elastase release in human neutrophils with IC50 2.51 μM. Cell-free experiments with human neutrophil elastase indicated a direct enzymatic inhibitory effect of styphelioidin on the enzyme activity (IC50 2.58 μM). The potential of styphelioidin to interact with human neutrophil elastase binding sites was further confirmed by molecular docking of styphelioidin into human neutrophil elastase crystal structure using AutoDock 4.2. Styphelioidin represents a potent hepatoprotective and antioxidant agent with effects on ALT, AST, MDA, GSH, and SOD comparable to silymarin. The beneficial anti-elastase properties hold the potential for drug development against elastase-related inflammatory diseases. This study highlights a promising natural hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory candidate derived from M. styphelioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Al-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Michal Korinek
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Center for Natural Product Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Wen Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan.
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Cao T, Teng Z, Zheng L, Qian J, Ma H, Wang J, Qin W, Guo H. Activity-based ratiometric fluorescent small-molecule probe for endogenously monitoring neutrophil elastase in living cells. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1127:295-302. [PMID: 32800135 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase (NE), a representative protease which is closely related to many diseases, acts an indispensable role in inflammatory diseases and clinical medicine. In this work, one activity-based non-peptide ratiometric fluorescent probe DCDF was designed with pentafluoropropionic anhydride as identification group. To our knowledge, this is the first probe capable of detecting NE in ratio. After the addition of the NE, the emission spectrum of DCDF has obvious bathochromic-shift phenomenon, and there is large Stokes shifts of ∼60 nm. Compared to only a few reported NE probes, DCDF is sensitive and selective and has very low detection limit (0-14 μg/mL, DL = 30.8 ng/mL). A possible response mechanism was proposed and verified by HPLC and HRMS spectra. What's more, DCDF is capable of endogenous recognition imaging in biological cells without interference from other enzymes under the ratio signal. A549 and HeLa cells were used for endogenous cell imaging experiments of NE and the feasibility of DCDF for the specific detection of NE in cells was proved. This experimental result makes probe DCDF a very promising tool for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of NE related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cao
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Special Fund Project of Guiding Scientific and Technological Innovation Development of Gansu Province (2019ZX-04), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhidong Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, PR China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Special Fund Project of Guiding Scientific and Technological Innovation Development of Gansu Province (2019ZX-04), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Jing Qian
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Special Fund Project of Guiding Scientific and Technological Innovation Development of Gansu Province (2019ZX-04), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Hong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Special Fund Project of Guiding Scientific and Technological Innovation Development of Gansu Province (2019ZX-04), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Jiemin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Special Fund Project of Guiding Scientific and Technological Innovation Development of Gansu Province (2019ZX-04), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Wenwu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Special Fund Project of Guiding Scientific and Technological Innovation Development of Gansu Province (2019ZX-04), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
| | - Huichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, PR China.
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Nutraceutical Extract from Dulse ( Palmaria palmata L.) Inhibits Primary Human Neutrophil Activation. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17110610. [PMID: 31731428 PMCID: PMC6891576 DOI: 10.3390/md17110610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmaria palmata L. (Palmariaceae), commonly known as “dulse”, is a red alga that grows on the northern coasts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and is widely used as source of fiber and protein. Dulse is reported to contain anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds, albeit no study has investigated these effects in primary human neutrophils. Implication strategies to diminish neutrophil activation have the potential to prevent pathological states. We evaluated the ability of a phenolic dulse extract (DULEXT) to modulate the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated activation of primary human neutrophils. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by fluorescence analysis and nitric oxide (NO) production using the Griess reaction. Inflammatory enzymes and cytokines were detected by ELISA and RT-qPCR. The results show that DULEXT diminished the neutrophil activation related to the down-regulation of TLR4 mRNA expression, deceased gene expression and the LPS-induced release of the chemoattractant mediator IL-8 and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. ROS, NO, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were also depressed. The data indicated that DULEXT has the potential to disrupt the activation of human primary neutrophils and the derived inflammatory and prooxidant conditions, and suggest a new role for Palmaria palmata L. in the regulation of the pathogenesis of health disorders in which neutrophils play a key role, including atherosclerosis.
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Giovannoni MP, Cantini N, Crocetti L, Guerrini G, Iacovone A, Schepetkin IA, Vergelli C, Khlebnikov AI, Quinn MT. Further modifications of 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives as inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:617-628. [PMID: 31002441 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a potent protease that plays an important physiological role in many processes and is considered to be a multifunctional enzyme. HNE is also involved in a variety of pathologies affecting the respiratory system. Thus, compounds able to inhibit HNE proteolytic activity could represent effective therapeutics. We present here a new series of pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives of our previously reported potent HNE inhibitors. Our results show that position 2 of the pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine scaffold must be unsubstituted, and modifications of this position resulted in loss of HNE inhibitory activity. Conversely, the introduction of certain substituents at position 5 was tolerated, with retention of HNE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 15-51 nM) after most substitutions, indicating that bulky and/or lipophilic substituents at position 5 probably interact with the large pocket of the enzyme site and allow Michaelis complex formation. The possibility of Michaelis complex formation between Ser195 and the ligand carbonyl group was assessed by molecular docking, and it was found that highly active HNE inhibitors are characterized by geometries favorable for Michaelis complex formation and by relatively short lengths of the proton transfer channel via the catalytic triad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Giovannoni
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Niccolò Cantini
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Letizia Crocetti
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Guerrini
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Antonella Iacovone
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Claudia Vergelli
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia.,Scientific Research Institute of Biological Medicine, Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
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Otrubova K, Chatterjee S, Ghimire S, Cravatt BF, Boger DL. N-Acyl pyrazoles: Effective and tunable inhibitors of serine hydrolases. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1693-1703. [PMID: 30879861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-acyl pyrazoles was examined as candidate serine hydrolase inhibitors in which the active site acylating reactivity and the leaving group ability of the pyrazole could be tuned not only through the nature of the acyl group (reactivity: amide > carbamate > urea), but also through pyrazole C4 substitution with electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents. Their impact on enzyme inhibitory activity displayed pronounced effects with the activity improving substantially as one alters both the nature of the reacting carbonyl group (urea > carbamate > amide) and the pyrazole C4 substituent (CN > H > Me). It was further demonstrated that the acyl chain of the N-acyl pyrazole ureas can be used to tailor the potency and selectivity of the inhibitor class to a targeted serine hydrolase. Thus, elaboration of the acyl chain of pyrazole-based ureas provided remarkably potent, irreversible inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH, apparent Ki = 100-200 pM), dual inhibitors of FAAH and monoacylglycerol hydrolase (MGLL), or selective inhibitors of MGLL (IC50 = 10-20 nM) while simultaneously minimizing off-target activity (e.g., ABHD6 and KIAA1363).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Otrubova
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shreyosree Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Srijana Ghimire
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine: A new scaffold for human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5583-5595. [PMID: 30385225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a potent serine protease belonging to the chymotrypsin family. It is an important target for the development of novel and selective inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, especially pulmonary pathologies. Here, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a new series of HNE inhibitors with a pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine scaffold, which is an isomer of our previously reported indazoles, in order to assess how a shift of the nitrogen from position 2 to position 7 influences activity. The majority of new compounds were effective HNE inhibitors and had IC50 values in the micromolar/submicromolar range, with some compounds active in low nanomolar levels. For example, 2a and 2b inhibited HNE with IC50 values of 15 and 14 nM, respectively. Molecular modeling of compounds differing in the position of heteroatom(s) in the bicyclic moiety and in the oxadiazole ring demonstrated that the calculated geometries of enzyme-inhibitor complexes were in agreement with the observed biological activities. Docking experiments showed that orientation of the active pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines in the HNE catalytic triad Ser195-His57-Asp102 correlated with effectiveness of the inhibitor interaction with the enzyme. Thus, the pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine scaffold represents a novel scaffold for the development of potent HNE inhibitors.
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Giovannoni MP, Schepetkin IA, Quinn MT, Cantini N, Crocetti L, Guerrini G, Iacovone A, Paoli P, Rossi P, Bartolucci G, Menicatti M, Vergelli C. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modelling studies of potent human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:1108-1124. [PMID: 29969929 PMCID: PMC6032016 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1480615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a new series of 3- or 4-(substituted)phenylisoxazolones as HNE inhibitors. Due to tautomerism of the isoxazolone nucleus, two isomers were obtained as final compounds (2-NCO and 5-OCO) and the 2-NCO derivatives were the most potent with IC50 values in the nanomolar range (20–70 nM). Kinetic experiments indicated that 2-NCO 7d and 5-OCO 8d are both competitive HNE inhibitors. Molecular modelling on 7d and 8d suggests for the latter a more crowded region about the site of the nucleophilic attack, which could explain its lowered activity. In addition molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that the isomer 8d appears more prone to form H-bond interactions which, however, keep the reactive sites quite distant for the attack by Ser195. By contrast the amide 7d appears more mobile within the active pocket, since it makes single H-bond interactions affording a favourable orientation for the nucleophilic attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Giovannoni
- a NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section , University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- b Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT , USA
| | - Mark T Quinn
- b Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT , USA
| | - Niccolò Cantini
- a NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section , University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Letizia Crocetti
- a NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section , University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Gabriella Guerrini
- a NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section , University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Antonella Iacovone
- a NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section , University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Paola Paoli
- c Department of Industrial Engineering , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Patrizia Rossi
- c Department of Industrial Engineering , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- a NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section , University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Marta Menicatti
- a NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section , University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Claudia Vergelli
- a NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section , University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
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Ayoub IM, Korinek M, Hwang TL, Chen BH, Chang FR, El-Shazly M, Singab ANB. Probing the Antiallergic and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Biflavonoids and Dihydroflavonols from Dietes bicolor. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:243-253. [PMID: 29381070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Dietes bicolor (Iridaceae) is an ornamental plant used by African local healers to treat diarrhea and dysentery. A new dihydroflavonol, (2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavanone (1); two known dihydroflavonols, trans-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavanone (2) and trans-3-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavanone (3); the known isoflavone orobol 7,3'-di-O-methyl ether (4); the known biflavones lanaroflavone (5), robustaflavone (6), and amentoflavone (7); and β-sitosterol (8) were isolated from the CH2Cl2 fraction of D. bicolor leaves. The extract showed potent activity in antiallergic and anti-inflammatory assays. The structures of the isolates were identified by spectroscopic and spectrometric methods. Compounds 6 and 7 (400 μM) exhibited antiallergic activity by inhibiting antigen-induced β-hexosaminidase release at 45.7% and 46.3%, respectively. Moreover, 6 and 7 exerted anti-inflammatory activity as demonstrated by the inhibition of superoxide anion generation with an IC50 value of 1.0 μM as well as the inhibition of elastase release with IC50 values of 0.45 and 0.75 μM, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity was further explained by the virtual docking of the isolated compounds to the binding sites in the human neutrophil elastase (HNE) crystal structure using Discovery Studio 2.5. It was concluded that the biflavonoids bind directly to HNE and inhibit its enzymatic activity based on the CDOCKER algorithm. The data provided evidence for the potential use of D. bicolor against certain diseases related to allergy and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iriny M Ayoub
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University , African Union Organization Street, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | | | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, and Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University , Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | | | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University , African Union Organization Street, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo , Cairo 11432, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University , African Union Organization Street, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Nurkenov OA, Satpaeva ZB, Schepetkin IA, Khlebnikov AI, Turdybekov KM, Seilkhanov TM, Fazylov SD. Synthesis and biological activity of hydrazones of o- and p-hydroxybenzoic acids. Spatial structure of 5-Bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene-4-hydroxybenzohydrazide. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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19
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Nurkenov OA, Satpaeva ZB, Shchepetkin IA, Fazylov SD, Seilkhanov TM, Akhmetova SB. Synthesis of new hydrazones based on o- and p-hydroxybenzohydrazides. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217080114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Wu X, Fan H, Qiao Y. Identification of berberine as a direct thrombin inhibitor from traditional Chinese medicine through structural, functional and binding studies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44040. [PMID: 28276481 PMCID: PMC5343495 DOI: 10.1038/srep44040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin acts as a key enzyme in the blood coagulation cascade and represents a potential drug target for the treatment of several cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to identify small-molecule direct thrombin inhibitors from herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). A pharmacophore model and molecular docking were utilized to virtually screen a library of chemicals contained in compositions of traditional Chinese herbs, and these analyses were followed by in vitro bioassay validation and binding studies. Berberine (BBR) was first confirmed as a thrombin inhibitor using an enzymatic assay. The BBR IC50 value for thrombin inhibition was 2.92 μM. Direct binding studies using surface plasmon resonance demonstrated that BBR directly interacted with thrombin with a KD value of 16.39 μM. Competitive binding assay indicated that BBR could bind to the same argartroban/thrombin interaction site. A platelet aggregation assay demonstrated that BBR had the ability to inhibit thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in washed platelets samples. This study proved that BBR is a direct thrombin inhibitor that has activity in inhibiting thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. BBR may be a potential candidate for the development of safe and effective thrombin-inhibiting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen, Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Central Ring South Road, Wangjing, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen, Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen, Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hantian Fan
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen, Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanjiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of TCM-Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Central Ring South Road, Wangjing, Beijing 100102, China
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Vincent-Rocan JF, Ivanovich RA, Clavette C, Leckett K, Bejjani J, Beauchemin AM. Cascade reactions of nitrogen-substituted isocyanates: a new tool in heterocyclic chemistry. Chem Sci 2016; 7:315-328. [PMID: 29861985 PMCID: PMC5952554 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03197d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to normal C-substituted isocyanates, nitrogen-substituted isocyanates (N-isocyanates) are rare. Their high reactivity and amphoteric/ambident nature has prevented the scientific community from exploiting their synthetic potential. Recently, we have developed an in situ formation approach using a reversible equilibrium, which allows controlled generation and reactivity of N-isocyanates and prevents the dimerization that is typically observed with these intermediates. This blocked (masked) N-isocyanate approach enables the use of various N-isocyanate precursors to assemble heterocycles possessing the N-N-C[double bond, length as m-dash]O motif, which is often found in agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Cascade reactions for the rapid assembly of several valuable 5- and 6-membered heterocycles are reported, including amino-hydantoins, acyl-pyrazoles, acyl-phthalazinones and azauracils. Over 100 different compounds were synthesized using amino-, imino- and amido-substituted N-isocyanates, demonstrating their potential as powerful intermediates in heterocyclic synthesis. Their reactivity also enables access to unprecedented bicyclic derivatives and to substitution patterns of azauracils that are difficult to access using known methods, illustrating that controlled reactivity of N-isocyanates provides new disconnections, and a new tool to assemble complex N-N-C[double bond, length as m-dash]O containing motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Vincent-Rocan
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie-Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada .
| | - Ryan A Ivanovich
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie-Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada .
| | - Christian Clavette
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie-Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada .
| | - Kyle Leckett
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie-Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada .
| | - Julien Bejjani
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie-Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada .
| | - André M Beauchemin
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie-Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada .
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Giovannoni MP, Schepetkin IA, Crocetti L, Ciciani G, Cilibrizzi A, Guerrini G, Khlebnikov AI, Quinn MT, Vergelli C. Cinnoline derivatives as human neutrophil elastase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:628-39. [PMID: 26194018 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1057718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds that can effectively inhibit the proteolytic activity of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) represent promising therapeutics for treatment of inflammatory diseases. We present here the synthesis, structure-activity relationship analysis, and biological evaluation of a new series of HNE inhibitors with a cinnoline scaffold. These compounds exhibited HNE inhibitory activity but had lower potency compared to N-benzoylindazoles previously reported by us. On the other hand, they exhibited increased stability in aqueous solution. The most potent compound, 18a, had a good balance between HNE inhibitory activity (IC50 value = 56 nM) and chemical stability (t1/2 = 114 min). Analysis of reaction kinetics revealed that these cinnoline derivatives were reversible competitive inhibitors of HNE. Furthermore, molecular docking studies of the active products into the HNE binding site revealed two types of HNE inhibitors: molecules with cinnolin-4(1H)-one scaffold, which were attacked by the HNE Ser195 hydroxyl group at the amido moiety, and cinnoline derivatives containing an ester function at C-4, which is the point of attack of Ser195.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Giovannoni
- a NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- b Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT , USA
| | - Letizia Crocetti
- a NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Giovanna Ciciani
- a NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- c Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington , London , UK
| | - Gabriella Guerrini
- a NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- d Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry , Tomsk Polytechnic University , Tomsk , Russia , and.,e Department of Chemistry , Altai State Technical University , Barnaul , Russia
| | - Mark T Quinn
- b Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT , USA
| | - Claudia Vergelli
- a NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
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Schepetkin IA, Kushnarenko SV, Özek G, Kirpotina LN, Utegenova GA, Kotukhov YA, Danilova AN, Özek T, Başer KHC, Quinn MT. Inhibition of Human Neutrophil Responses by the Essential Oil of Artemisia kotuchovii and Its Constituents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:4999-5007. [PMID: 25959257 PMCID: PMC4479122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of the flowers+leaves and stems of Artemisia kotuchovii Kupr. (AKEO(f+l) and AKEO(stm), respectively) and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The primary components of the oils were estragole, (E)- and (Z)-β-ocimenes, methyleugenol, limonene, spathulenol, β-pinene, myrcene, and (E)-methyl cinnamate. Seventy-four constituents were present at concentrations from 0.1 to 1.0%, and 34 compounds were identified in trace (<0.1%) amounts in one or both plant components. Screening of the essential oils for biological activity showed that AKEO(stm), but not AKEOf+l, inhibited N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF)-stimulated Ca(2+) flux and chemotaxis and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human neutrophils. Selected pure constituents, representing >96% of the AKEO(stm) composition, were also tested in human neutrophils and HL-60 cells transfected with N-formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1). One component, 6-methyl-3,5-heptadien-2-one (MHDO), inhibited fMLF- and interleukin 8 (IL-8)-stimulated Ca(2+) flux, fMLF-induced chemotaxis, and PMA-induced ROS production in human neutrophils. MHDO also inhibited fMLF-induced Ca(2+) flux in FPR1-HL60 cells. These results suggest that MHDO may be effective in modulating some innate immune responses, possibly by inhibition of neutrophil migration and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- †Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | | | - Gulmira Özek
- #Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Liliya N Kirpotina
- †Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Gulzhakhan A Utegenova
- §Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Republic of Kazakhstan
- ΔFaculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Avenue, 050038 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Temel Özek
- #Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey
| | - K Hüsnü Can Başer
- #Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey
- ○Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark T Quinn
- †Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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Budnjo A, Narawane S, Grauffel C, Schillinger AS, Fossen T, Reuter N, Haug BE. Reversible ketomethylene-based inhibitors of human neutrophil proteinase 3. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9396-408. [PMID: 25365140 DOI: 10.1021/jm500782s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil serine proteases, proteinase 3 (PR3) and human neutrophil elastase (HNE), are considered as targets for chronic inflammatory diseases. Despite sharing high sequence similarity, the two enzymes have different substrate specificities and functions. While a plethora of HNE inhibitors exist, PR3 specific inhibitors are still in their infancy. We have designed ketomethylene-based inhibitors for PR3 that show low micromolar IC50 values. Their synthesis was made possible by amending a previously reported synthesis of ketomethylene dipeptide isosteres to allow for the preparation of derivatives suitable for solid phase peptide synthesis. The best inhibitor (Abz-VADnV[Ψ](COCH2)ADYQ-EDDnp) was found to be selective for PR3 over HNE and to display a competitive and reversible inhibition mechanism. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the interactions between enzyme and ketomethylene-containing inhibitors are similar to those with the corresponding substrates. We also confirm that N- and C-terminal FRET groups are important for securing high inhibitory potency toward PR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Budnjo
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen , Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
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25
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Otrubova K, Srinivasan V, Boger DL. Discovery libraries targeting the major enzyme classes: the serine hydrolases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3807-13. [PMID: 25037918 PMCID: PMC4130767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two libraries of modestly reactive ureas containing either electron-deficient acyl anilines or acyl pyrazoles were prepared and are reported as screening libraries for candidate serine hydrolase inhibitors. Within each library is a small but powerful subset of compounds that serve as a chemotype fragment screening library capable of subsequent structural diversification. Elaboration of the pyrazole-based ureas provided remarkably potent irreversible inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH, apparent Ki=100-200 pM) complementary to those previously disclosed enlisting electron-deficient aniline-based ureas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Otrubova
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla CA 92037, United States
| | - Venkat Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla CA 92037, United States
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla CA 92037, United States.
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26
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Lucas SD, Gonçalves LM, Carvalho LAR, Correia HF, Da Costa EMR, Guedes RA, Moreira R, Guedes RC. Optimization of O3-Acyl Kojic Acid Derivatives as Potent and Selective Human Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9802-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4011725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana D. Lucas
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento
(iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lídia M. Gonçalves
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento
(iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís A. R. Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento
(iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Henrique F. Correia
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento
(iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eduardo M. R. Da Costa
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento
(iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Romina A. Guedes
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento
(iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Moreira
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento
(iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita C. Guedes
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento
(iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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27
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Abdelrazek FM, Hassaneen HM, Nassar EM, Jager A. Phenacyl Bromides Revisited: Facile Synthesis of Some New Pyrazoles, Pyridazines, and Their Fused Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fathy M. Abdelrazek
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Hamdi M. Hassaneen
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Ekhlass M. Nassar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education; Ain Shams University; Heleopolis Cairo Egypt
| | - Anna Jager
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; TU-Dresden; Dresden 01062 Germany
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28
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Sun Q, Li J, Liu WN, Dong QJ, Yang WC, Yang GF. Non-Peptide-Based Fluorogenic Small-Molecule Probe for Elastase. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11304-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402097g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wan-Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Jian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 30071, People’s Republic of China
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Crocetti L, Schepetkin IA, Cilibrizzi A, Graziano A, Vergelli C, Giomi D, Khlebnikov AI, Quinn MT, Giovannoni MP. Optimization of N-benzoylindazole derivatives as inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6259-72. [PMID: 23844670 DOI: 10.1021/jm400742j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is an important therapeutic target for treatment of pulmonary diseases. Previously, we identified novel N-benzoylindazole derivatives as potent, competitive, and pseudoirreversible HNE inhibitors. Here, we report further development of these inhibitors with improved potency, protease selectivity, and stability compared to our previous leads. Introduction of a variety of substituents at position 5 of the indazole resulted in the potent inhibitor 20f (IC50 ∼10 nM) and modifications at position 3 resulted the most potent compound in this series, the 3-CN derivative 5b (IC50 = 7 nM); both derivatives demonstrated good stability and specificity for HNE versus other serine proteases. Molecular docking of selected N-benzoylindazoles into the HNE binding domain suggested that inhibitory activity depended on geometry of the ligand-enzyme complexes. Indeed, the ability of a ligand to form a Michaelis complex and favorable conditions for proton transfer between Hys57, Asp102, and Ser195 both affected activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Crocetti
- NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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30
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Highly regioselective and practical synthesis of 1-acyl-5-hydroxypyrazolines and 1-acyl pyrazoles from 1,2-allenic ketones and hydrazides. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Winiarski Ł, Oleksyszyn J, Sieńczyk M. Human Neutrophil Elastase Phosphonic Inhibitors with Improved Potency of Action. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6541-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300599x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Winiarski
- Department of Chemistry,
Division of Medicinal Chemistry
and Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27,
50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Józef Oleksyszyn
- Department of Chemistry,
Division of Medicinal Chemistry
and Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27,
50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Sieńczyk
- Department of Chemistry,
Division of Medicinal Chemistry
and Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27,
50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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32
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Asadollahi-Baboli M. Quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of human neutrophil elastase inhibitors using shuffling classification and regression trees and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 23:505-520. [PMID: 22452268 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2012.665811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop quantitative structure-activity relationship models for N-benzoylindazole derivatives as inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. These models were developed with the aid of classification and regression trees (CART) and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) combined with a shuffling cross-validation technique using interpretable descriptors. More than one hundred meaningful descriptors, representing various structural characteristics for all 51 N-benzoylindazole derivatives in the data set, were calculated and used as the original variables for shuffling CART modelling. Five descriptors of average Wiener index, Kier benzene-likeliness index, subpolarity parameter, average shape profile index of order 2 and folding degree index selected by the shuffling CART technique have been used as inputs of the ANFIS for prediction of inhibition behaviour of N-benzoylindazole derivatives. The results of the developed shuffling CART-ANFIS model compared to other techniques, such as genetic algorithm (GA)-partial least square (PLS)-ANFIS and stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR)-ANFIS, are promising and descriptive. The satisfactory results r2p = 0.845, Q2(LOO) = 0.861, r2(L25%O) = 0.829, RMSE(LOO) = 0.305 and RMSE(L25%O) = 0.336) demonstrate that shuffling CART-ANFIS models present the relationship between human neutrophil elastase inhibitor activity and molecular descriptors, and they yield predictions in excellent agreement with the experimental values.
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33
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Zapol'skii VA, Namyslo JC, de Meijere A, Kaufmann DE. Chemistry of polyhalogenated nitrobutadienes, 10: Synthesis of highly functionalized heterocycles with a rigid 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane moiety. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:621-8. [PMID: 22563360 PMCID: PMC3343288 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The nitropolychlorobutadienes 3, 4 are valuable building blocks for various amination and successive heterocyclization products. Nucleophilic substitution reactions of the partially protected, bioactive amines 1, 2 with either vinyl, imidoyl or carbonyl chlorides result in the formation of the enamines 11, 12, 13, 16, 25, the amidine 6, and the amides 20, 21, respectively. In the following, cyclization to the highly functionalized pyrazoles 27, 28, pyrimidine 26 and pyridopyrimidine 24 succeeded. Deprotection of 21, 12 and 28 proved to be only partially feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor A Zapol'skii
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr. 6, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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34
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Schepetkin IA, Kirpotina LN, Khlebnikov AI, Hanks TS, Kochetkova I, Pascual DW, Jutila MA, Quinn MT. Identification and characterization of a novel class of c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitors. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 81:832-45. [PMID: 22434859 DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.077446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In efforts to identify novel small molecules with anti-inflammatory properties, we discovered a unique series of tetracyclic indenoquinoxaline derivatives that inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor-κB/activating protein 1 activation. Compound IQ-1 (11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime) was found to be a potent, noncytotoxic inhibitor of pro-inflammatory cytokine [interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon-γ, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor] and nitric oxide production by human and murine monocyte/macrophages. Three additional potent inhibitors of cytokine production were identified through further screening of IQ-1 analogs. The sodium salt of IQ-1 inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 production in MonoMac-6 cells with IC(50) values of 0.25 and 0.61 μM, respectively. Screening of 131 protein kinases revealed that derivative IQ-3 [11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one-O-(2-furoyl)oxime]was a specific inhibitor of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) family, with preference for JNK3. This compound, as well as IQ-1 and three additional oxime indenoquinoxalines, were found to be high-affinity JNK inhibitors with nanomolar binding affinity and ability to inhibit c-Jun phosphorylation. Furthermore, docking studies showed that hydrogen bonding interactions of the active indenoquinoxalines with Asn152, Gln155, and Met149 of JNK3 played an important role in enzyme binding activity. Finally, we showed that the sodium salt of IQ-1 had favorable pharmacokinetics and inhibited the ovalbumin-induced CD4(+) T-cell immune response in a murine delayed-type hypersensitivity model in vivo. We conclude that compounds with an indenoquinoxaline nucleus can serve as specific small-molecule modulators for mechanistic studies of JNKs as well as a potential leads for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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35
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Wu AC, Wang PY, Chen KJ, Tsai SW. Lipase-catalyzed regioselective hydrolysis of 3(5)-methylpyrazole-N-carboxylates in water-saturated organic solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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36
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Meshram HM, Bangade VM, Reddy BC, Kumar GS, Thakur PB. DABCO Promoted an Efficient and Convenient Synthesis of Pyrrole in Aqueous Medium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ijoc.2012.22024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Lucas SD, Gonçalves LM, Cardote TAF, Correia HF, Moreira R, Guedes RC. Structure based virtual screening for discovery of novel human neutrophil elastase inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20090b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Crocetti L, Giovannoni MP, Schepetkin IA, Quinn MT, Khlebnikov AI, Cilibrizzi A, Piaz VD, Graziano A, Vergelli C. Design, synthesis and evaluation of N-benzoylindazole derivatives and analogues as inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4460-72. [PMID: 21741848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) plays an important role in tumour invasion and inflammation. A series of N-benzoylindazoles was synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit HNE. We found that this scaffold is appropriate for HNE inhibitors and that the benzoyl fragment at position 1 is essential for activity. The most active compounds inhibited HNE activity with IC₅₀ values in the submicromolar range. Furthermore, docking studies indicated that the geometry of an inhibitor within the binding site and energetics of Michaelis complex formation were key factors influencing the inhibitor's biological activity. Thus, N-benzoylindazole derivatives and their analogs represent novel structural templates that can be utilized for further development of efficacious HNE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Crocetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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39
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Lucas SD, Costa E, Guedes RC, Moreira R. Targeting COPD: advances on low-molecular-weight inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. Med Res Rev 2011; 33 Suppl 1:E73-101. [PMID: 21681767 DOI: 10.1002/med.20247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major increasing health problem and the World Health Organization (WHO) reports COPD as the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. COPD refers to a condition of inflammation and progressive weakening of the structure of the lung as well as irreversible narrowing of the airways. Current treatment is only palliative and no available drug halts the progression of the disease. Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a serine protease, which plays a major role in the COPD inflammatory process. The protease/anti-protease imbalance leads to an excess of extracellular HNE hydrolyzing elastin, the structural protein that confers elasticity to the lung tissue. Although HNE was identified as a therapeutic target for COPD more than 30 years ago, only Sivelestat (ONO-5046), an HNE inhibitor from Ono Pharmaceutical, has been approved for clinical use. Nevertheless, Sivelestat is only approved in Japan and its development in the USA was terminated in 2003. Other inhibitors in pre-clinical or phase I trials were discontinued for various reasons. Hence, there is an urgent need for low-molecular-weight synthetic elastase inhibitors and the present review discusses the recent advances on this field covering acylating agents, transition-state inhibitors, mechanism-based inhibitors, relevant natural products, and major patent disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana D Lucas
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, iMed UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av Prof Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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40
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Hansen G, Gielen-Haertwig H, Reinemer P, Schomburg D, Harrenga A, Niefind K. Unexpected active-site flexibility in the structure of human neutrophil elastase in complex with a new dihydropyrimidone inhibitor. J Mol Biol 2011; 409:681-91. [PMID: 21549129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE), a trypsin-type serine protease, is of pivotal importance in the onset and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD encompasses a group of slowly progressive respiratory disorders and is a major medical problem and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. HNE is a major target for the development of compounds that inhibit the progression of long-term lung function decline in COPD patients. Here, we present the three-dimensional structure of a potent dihydropyrimidone inhibitor (DHPI) non-covalently bound to HNE at a resolution of 2.0 Å. The inhibitor binds to the active site in a unique orientation addressing S1 and S2 subsites of the protease. To facilitate further analysis of this binding mode, we determined the structure of the uncomplexed enzyme at a resolution of 1.86 Å. Detailed comparisons of the HNE:DHPI complex with the uncomplexed HNE structure and published structures of other elastase:inhibitor complexes revealed that binding of DHPI leads to large conformational changes in residues located in the S2 subsite. The rearrangement of residues Asp95-Leu99B creates a deep, well-defined cavity, which is filled by the P2 moiety of the inhibitor molecule to almost perfect shape complementarity. The shape of the S2 subsite in complex with DHPI clearly differs from all other observed HNE structures. The observed structural flexibility of the S2 subsite is a key feature for the understanding of the binding mode of DHPIs in general and the development of new HNE selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Hansen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
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41
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) constitutes a worldwide health problem. There is currently an urgent and unmet need for the development of small molecule therapeutics capable of blocking and/or reversing the progression of the disorder. Recent studies have greatly illuminated our understanding of the multiple pathogenic processes associated with COPD. Of paramount importance is the key role played by proteases, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. Insights gained from these studies have made possible the exploration of new therapeutic approaches. AREAS COVERED An overview of major developments in COPD research with emphasis on low-molecular mass neutrophil elastase inhibitors is described in this review. EXPERT OPINION Great strides have been made toward our understanding of the biochemical and cellular events associated with COPD. However, our knowledge regarding the inter-relationships among the multiple pathogenic mechanisms and their mediators involved is still limited. The problem is further compounded by the unavailability of suitable validated biomarkers for assessing the efficacy of potential therapeutic interventions. The complexity of COPD suggests that effective therapeutic interventions may require the administration of more than one agent such as a human neutrophil elastase or MMP-12 inhibitor with an anti-inflammatory agent such as a PDE4 inhibitor or a dual function agent capable of disrupting the cycle of proteolysis, apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Groutas
- Wichita State University, Department of Chemistry, Wichita, KS 67260, USA.
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42
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Abdelrazek FM, Fadda AA, Mohamed SS. Heterosynthesis Using Nitriles: Novel Pyrrolo[2,3-<i>b</i>]pyridines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/ijoc.2011.14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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43
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Kumar G, Banerjee T, Kapoor N, Surolia N, Surolia A. SAR and pharmacophore models for the rhodanine inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase. IUBMB Life 2010; 62:204-13. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Abdelrazek FM, Metwally NH. Novel Synthesis of N-Arylpyrrole, Pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinazoline, and Pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazine Derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910902883710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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Schepetkin IA, Kirpotina LN, Jakiw L, Khlebnikov AI, Blaskovich CL, Jutila MA, Quinn MT. Immunomodulatory activity of oenothein B isolated from Epilobium angustifolium. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:6754-66. [PMID: 19846877 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Epilobium angustifolium has been traditionally used to treat of a number of diseases; however, not much is known regarding its effect on innate immune cells. In this study, we report that extracts of E. angustifolium activated functional responses in neutrophils and monocyte/macrophages. Activity-guided fractionation, followed by mass spectroscopy and NMR analysis, resulted in the identification of oenothein B as the primary component responsible for phagocyte activation. Oenothein B, a dimeric hydrolysable tannin, dose-dependently induced a number of phagocyte functions in vitro, including intracellular Ca(2+) flux, production of reactive oxygen species, chemotaxis, NF-kappaB activation, and proinflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, oenothein B was active in vivo, inducing keratinocyte chemoattractant production and neutrophil recruitment to the peritoneum after intraperitoneal administration. Biological activity required the full oenothein B structure, as substructures of oenothein B (pyrocatechol, gallic acid, pyrogallol, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid) were all inactive. The ability of oenothein B to modulate phagocyte functions in vitro and in vivo suggests that this compound is responsible for at least part of the therapeutic properties of E. angustifolium extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- Departments of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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Alkorta I, Elguero J. How Aromaticity Affects the Chemical and Physicochemical Properties of Heterocycles: A Computational Approach. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-68343-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Quiroga J, Portilla J, Abonía R, Insuasty B, Nogueras M, Cobo J. Synthesis of novel 5-amino-1-aroylpyrazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.07.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Khlebnikov AI, Schepetkin IA, Quinn MT. Structure-activity relationship analysis of N-benzoylpyrazoles for elastase inhibitory activity: a simplified approach using atom pair descriptors. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:2791-802. [PMID: 18234502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Revised: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we utilized high throughput screening of a chemical diversity library to identify potent inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase and found that many of these compounds had N-benzoylpyrazole core structures. We also found individual ring substituents had significant impact on elastase inhibitory activity and compound stability. In the present study, we utilized computational structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of a series of 53 N-benzoylpyrazole derivatives to further optimize these lead molecules. We present an improved approach to SAR methodology based on atom pair descriptors in combination with 2-dimensional (2D) molecular descriptors. This approach utilizes the rich representation of chemical structure and leads to SAR analysis that is both accurate and intuitively easy to understand. A sequence of ANOVA, linear discriminant, and binary classification tree analyses of the molecular descriptors led to the derivation of SAR rule-based algorithms. These rules revealed that the main factors influencing elastase inhibitory activity of N-benzoylpyrazole molecules were the presence of methyl groups in the pyrazole moiety and ortho-substituents in the benzoyl radical. Furthermore, our data showed that physicochemical characteristics (energy of frontier molecular orbitals, molar refraction, lipophilicity) were not necessary for achieving good SAR, as comparable quality of SAR classification was obtained with atom pairs and 2D descriptors only. This simplified SAR approach may be useful to qualitative SAR recognition problems in a variety of data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul 656038, Russia.
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