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Sampsonidis I, Michailidou K, Spritinoudi K, Dimitriadi A, Ainali NM, Bobori DC, Lambropoulou DA, Kyzas GZ, Bikiaris DN, Kalogiannis S. Genotoxicity and metabolic changes induced via ingestion of virgin and UV-aged polyethylene microplastics by the freshwater fish Perca fluviatilis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142619. [PMID: 38880257 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The present study aims to compare and assess the toxicity induced by aged (irradiated with ultraviolet radiation for 120 days) polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) in comparison to virgin (non-irradiated) ones, after feeding the freshwater fish Perca fluviatilis. To this end, MPs mediated genotoxicity was assessed by the investigation of micronucleus nuclear abnormalities frequency in fish blood, and the degree of DNA damage in the liver and muscle tissues, while metabolic alterations were also recorded in both tissues. Results showed that both virgin and aged PE-MPs induced signaling pathways leading to DNA damage and nuclear abnormalities, as well as metabolites changes in all tissues studied. Metabolic changes revealed that the metabolism of nucleic acids, energy, amino acids, and neurotransmitters was more disrupted in the liver and by aged PE-MPs compared to muscles. Fish fed with aged PE-MPs exhibited greater DNA damage, while blood cells of fish fed with virgin PE-MPs seemed to be more vulnerable to nuclear abnormalities in relation to those fed with aged PE-MPs. Moreover, aged PE-MPs induced more acute overall effects on the metabolic profiles of fish tissues, and initiated stronger stress responses, inflammation, and cellular damages in fish tissues in relation to virgin ones. Characterization of both virgin and aged MPs revealed that the latter exhibited lower crystallinity and melting point, more irregular shapes and higher moiety of oxygen and carbonyl groups, which could be attributed for their observed higher toxicity. The research outcomes provide significant insights for advancing toxicological investigations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Sampsonidis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, GR-57400, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kostantina Michailidou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece; Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Spritinoudi
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece; Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Nina Maria Ainali
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece; Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra C Bobori
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra A Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, GR-570 01, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Z Kyzas
- Hephaestus Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Kavala, GR-654 04, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Stavros Kalogiannis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, GR-57400, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Chen CY, Lin Z. Exploring the potential and challenges of developing physiologically-based toxicokinetic models to support human health risk assessment of microplastic and nanoplastic particles. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108617. [PMID: 38599027 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) pollution has emerged as a significant and widespread environmental issue. Humans are inevitably exposed to MPs and NPs via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contacts from various sources. However, mechanistic knowledge of their distribution, interaction, and potency in the body is still lacking. To address this knowledge gap, we have undertaken the task of elucidating the toxicokinetic (TK) behaviors of MPs and NPs, aiming to provide mechanistic information for constructing a conceptual physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model to support in silico modeling approaches. Our effort involved a thorough examination of the existing literature and data collation on the presence of MPs in the human body and in vitro/ex vivo/in vivo biodistribution across various cells and tissues. By comprehending the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion mechanisms of MPs and NPs in relation to their physicochemical attributes, we established a foundational understanding of the link between external exposure and internal tissue dosimetry. We observed that particle size and surface chemistry have been thoroughly explored in previous experimental studies. However, certain attributes, such as polymer type, shape, and biofilm/biocorona, warrant attention and further examination. We discussed the fundamental disparities in TK properties of MPs/NPs from those of engineered nanoparticles. We proposed a preliminary PBTK framework with several possible modeling approaches and discussed existing challenges for further investigation. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive compilation of existing TK data of MPs/NPs, a critical overview of TK processes and mechanisms, and proposes potential PBTK modeling approaches, particularly regarding their applicability to the human system, and outlines future perspectives for developing PBTK models and their integration into human health risk assessment of MPs and NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yun Chen
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, FL 32608, United States
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, FL 32608, United States.
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Dailianis S, Rouni M, Ainali NM, Vlastos D, Kyzas GZ, Lambropoulou DA, Bikiaris DN. New insights into the size-independent bioactive potential of pristine and UV-B aged polyethylene microplastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170616. [PMID: 38311086 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigates the morphological, physicochemical, and structural changes occurred by the UV-B aging process of low-density polyethylene microplastics (LDPE MPs), as well as the bioactive potential of both pristine and UVaged MPs towards healthy peripheral blood lymphocytes. Specifically, LDPE MPs (100-180 μm) prepared by mechanical milling of LDPE pellets, were UV-B irradiated for 120 days (wavelength 280 nm; temperature 25 °C; relative humidity 50 %) and further examined for alterations in their particle size and surface, their functional groups, thermal stability, and crystallinity (by means of SEM, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD patterns, and TGA measurements, respectively). In parallel, isolated human peripheral blood lymphocytes were treated with different concentrations (25-500 μg mL-1) of either pristine or aged MPs (UVfree and UV120d LDPE MPs) for assessing the cytogenotoxic (by means of trypan blue exclusion test and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay using cytochalasin-B) and oxidative effects (using the DCFH-DA staining) in both cases. According to the results, UVfree and UV120d-LDPE MPs, with a size ranging from 100 to 180 μm, can differentially promote cytogenotoxic and oxidative alterations in human lymphocytes. In fact, UVfree LDPE MPs not being able to be internalized by cells due to their size, could indirectly promote the onset of mild oxidative and cytogenotoxic damage in human peripheral lymphocytes, via a dose-dependent but size-independent manner. The latter is more profound in case of the irregular-shaped UV120d-LDPE MPs, bearing improved dispersibility and sharp edges (by means of cracks and holes), as well as oxygen-containing and carbonyl groups. To our knowledge, the present findings provide new data regarding the bioactive behavior of pristine and UV-B aged LDPE MPs, at least in the in vitro biological model tested, thus giving new evidence for their size-independent and/or indirect mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Dailianis
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500, Rio, Patras, Greece.
| | - Maria Rouni
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Nina Maria Ainali
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitris Vlastos
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - George Z Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, GR-65404 Kavala, Greece
| | - Dimitra A Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Zhang Y, Jia Z, Gao X, Zhao J, Zhang H. Polystyrene nanoparticles induced mammalian intestine damage caused by blockage of BNIP3/NIX-mediated mitophagy and gut microbiota alteration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168064. [PMID: 37884137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics possess the capacity for cellular internalization, and consequentially disrupt mitochondrial functionality, precipitating aberrations in energy metabolism. Given this, the potential accumulation of nanoplastics in alimentary sources presents a considerable hazard to the mammalian gastrointestinal system. While mitophagy serves as a cytoprotective mechanism that sustains redox homeostasis through the targeted removal of compromised mitochondria, the regulatory implications of mitophagy in nanoplastic-induced toxicity remain an underexplored domain. In the present investigation, polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles, with a diameter of 80 nm employed as a representative model to assess their toxicological impact and propensity to instigate mitophagy in intestinal cells both in vitro and in vivo. Data indicated that PS nanoparticles elicited BNIP3/NIX-mediated mitophagy within the intestinal milieu. Strikingly, the impediment of this degradation process at elevated concentrations was correlated with exacerbated pathological ramifications. In vitro assays corroborated that high-dosage cellular uptake of PS nanoparticles obstructed the mitophagy pathway. Furthermore, treatment with PS nanoparticles engendered alterations in gut microbiota composition and manifested a proclivity to modulate nutritional metabolism. Collectively, these findings elucidate that oral exposure to PS nanoparticles culminates in the inhibition of mitophagy and induces perturbations in the intestinal microbiota. This contributes valuable insights into the toxicological repercussions of nanoplastics on mammalian gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Zhenzhen Jia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Xianlei Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.
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Le VG, Nguyen MK, Nguyen HL, Lin C, Hadi M, Hung NTQ, Hoang HG, Nguyen KN, Tran HT, Hou D, Zhang T, Bolan NS. A comprehensive review of micro- and nano-plastics in the atmosphere: Occurrence, fate, toxicity, and strategies for risk reduction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166649. [PMID: 37660815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) have received considerable attention over the past 10 years due to their environmental prevalence and potential toxic effects. With the increase in global plastic production and disposal, MNP pollution has become a topic of emerging concern. In this review, we describe MNPs in the atmospheric environment, and potential toxicological effects of exposure to MNPs. Studies have reported the occurrence of MNPs in outdoor and indoor air at concentrations ranging from 0.0065 items m-3 to 1583 items m-3. Findings have identified plastic fragments, fibers, and films in sizes predominantly <1000 μm with polyamide (PA), polyester (PES), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), rayon, polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) as the major compounds. Exposure through indoor air and dust is an important pathway for humans. Airborne MNPs pose health risks to plants, animals, and humans. Atmospheric MNPs can enter organism bodies via inhalation and subsequent deposition in the lungs, which triggers inflammation and other adverse health effects. MNPs could be eliminated through source reduction, policy/regulation, environmental awareness and education, biodegradable materials, bioremediation, and efficient air-filtration systems. To achieve a sustainable society, it is crucial to implement effective strategies for reducing the usage of single-use plastics (SUPs). Further, governments play a pivotal role in addressing the pressing issue of MNPs pollution and must establish viable solutions to tackle this significant challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Giang Le
- Central Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Vietnam National University (CRES-VNU), Hanoi, 111000, Viet Nam
| | - Minh-Ky Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University of Ho Chi Minh City, Hamlet 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Hoang-Lam Nguyen
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Mohammed Hadi
- Department of Ocean Operations and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Nguyen Tri Quang Hung
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University of Ho Chi Minh City, Hamlet 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Hong-Giang Hoang
- Faculty of Medicine, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai 810000, Viet Nam
| | - Khoi Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 270000, Viet Nam
| | - Huu-Tuan Tran
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Management, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
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K C PB, Maharjan A, Acharya M, Lee D, Kusma S, Gautam R, Kwon JT, Kim C, Kim K, Kim H, Heo Y. Polytetrafluorethylene microplastic particles mediated oxidative stress, inflammation, and intracellular signaling pathway alteration in human derived cell lines. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165295. [PMID: 37419366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are now widely distributed across the aerial, terrestrial, and aquatic environments. Thus, exposure to MPs via the oral, inhalation, or dermal routes is inevitable. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-MPs is mainly used for manufacturing nonstick cookware, semiconductors, and medical devices; however, their toxicity has been rarely studied. In the present study, six different human cell lines, which are representative of tissues and cells that directly or indirectly come into contact with MPs, were exposed to two different sizes of irregular shape PTFE-MPs (with an average diameter of 6.0 or 31.7 μm). PTFE-MPs-mediated cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and changes in proinflammatory cytokine production were then evaluated. We found that the PTFE-MPs did not induce cytotoxicity under any of the experimental conditions. However, PTFE-MPs (especially average diameter of 6.0 μm) induced nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production in all the cell lines tested. Moreover, both sizes of PTFE-MPs increased the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 from the U937 macrophage cell line and the A549 lung epithelial cell line, respectively. In addition, PTFE-MPs activated the MAPK signaling pathways, especially the ERK pathway, in A549 and U937 cells, and in the THP-1 dendritic cell line. We also found that the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome was reduced in the U937 and THP-1 cell lines following treatment with the PTFE-MPs sized 31.7 μm average diameter. Furthermore, expression of the apoptosis regulator, BCL2, was markedly increased in the A549 and U937 cell lines. Thus, although PTFE-MPs exert different effects on different cell types, our findings suggest that PTFE-MPs-associated toxicity may be specifically linked to the activation of the ERK pathway, which ultimately induces oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Bahadur K C
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Anju Maharjan
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Manju Acharya
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - DaEun Lee
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarina Kusma
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Gautam
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Taek Kwon
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, 22689 Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - ChangYul Kim
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea.
| | - KilSoo Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Center, 41061 Daegu, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - HyoungAh Kim
- College of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Heo
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Urrutia-Pereira M, Guidos-Fogelbach G, Chong-Neto HJ, Solé D. Microplastics exposure and immunologic response. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2023; 51:57-65. [PMID: 37695231 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v51i5.834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of microplastics (MPs) on human health. DATA SOURCE The authors conducted a non-systematic review of articles published in English, Portuguese, French, and Spanish in the last decade in the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and SciELO. The keywords used were: microplastics OR nanoplastics OR marine litter OR toxicology OR additives AND human health OR children OR adults. DATA SUMMARY MPs are a group of emerging contaminants that have attracted scientific interest and societal attention in the last decade due to their ubiquitous detection in all environments. Humans can primarily be exposed to MPs and nanoplastics via oral and inhalation routes, but dermal contact cannot be overlooked, especially in young children. The possible toxic effects of plastic particles are due to their potential toxicity, often combined with that of leachable additives and adsorbed contaminants. CONCLUSIONS Unless the plastic value chain is transformed over the next two decades, the risks to species, marine ecosystems, climate, health, economy, and communities will be unmanageable. However, along with these risks are the unique opportunities to help transition to a more sustainable world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Herberto José Chong-Neto
- Department of Pediatrics, Divison of Allergy and Pneumology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Dirceu Solé
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lin YD, Huang PH, Chen YW, Hsieh CW, Tain YL, Lee BH, Hou CY, Shih MK. Sources, Degradation, Ingestion and Effects of Microplastics on Humans: A Review. TOXICS 2023; 11:747. [PMID: 37755757 PMCID: PMC10534390 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Celluloid, the predecessor to plastic, was synthesized in 1869, and due to technological advancements, plastic products appear to be ubiquitous in daily life. The massive production, rampant usage, and inadequate disposal of plastic products have led to severe environmental pollution. Consequently, reducing the employment of plastic has emerged as a pressing concern for governments globally. This review explores microplastics, including their origins, absorption, and harmful effects on the environment and humans. Several methods exist for breaking down plastics, including thermal, mechanical, light, catalytic, and biological processes. Despite these methods, microplastics (MPs, between 1 and 5 mm in size) continue to be produced during degradation. Acknowledging the significant threat that MPs pose to the environment and human health is imperative. This form of pollution is pervasive in the air and food and infiltrates our bodies through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. It is essential to assess the potential hazards that MPs can introduce. There is evidence suggesting that MPs may have negative impacts on different areas of human health. These include the respiratory, gastrointestinal, immune, nervous, and reproductive systems, the liver and organs, the skin, and even the placenta and placental barrier. It is encouraging to see that most of the countries have taken steps to regulate plastic particles. These measures aim to reduce plastic usage, which is essential today. At the same time, this review summarizes the degradation mechanism of plastics, their impact on human health, and plastic reduction policies worldwide. It provides valuable information for future research on MPs and regulatory development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Duan Lin
- Department of Seafood Science, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; (Y.-D.L.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Ping-Hsiu Huang
- School of Food, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, No.4, Meicheng Road, Higher Education Park, Huai’an 223003, China;
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-W.C.); (C.-W.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-W.C.); (C.-W.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Bao-Hong Lee
- Department of Horticulture, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; (Y.-D.L.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Ming-Kuei Shih
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung 812301, Taiwan
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Jones LR, Wright SJ, Gant TW. A critical review of microplastics toxicity and potential adverse outcome pathway in human gastrointestinal tract following oral exposure. Toxicol Lett 2023; 385:51-60. [PMID: 37659479 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are typically produced via environmental degradation of larger plastics, where they enter the human food chain. MPs are complex materials containing chemical and physical characteristics that can potentially affect their hazard and exposure. These physical properties can be altered by environmental exposure potentially altering any risk assessment conducted on the primary material. We conducted a literature review using an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP)-based approach from Molecular Initiating Event (MIE) to cell effect event to identify multiple knowledge gaps that affect MPs hazard assessment. There is some convergence of key biological events but could relate to most lying along well-established biological effector pathways such as apoptosis which can respond to many MIEs. In contrast, MIEs of chemicals will be via protein interaction. As MPs may occur in the lumen of the alimentary canal for example to the mucus, therefore, not requiring translocation of MPs across the epithelial membrane. At the other end of the AOP, currently it is not possible to identify a single adverse outcome at the organ level. This work did establish a clear need to understand both external and internal exposure (resulting from translocation) and develop hazard data at both levels to inform on risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna R Jones
- UK Health Security Agency. Toxicology Department, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom; Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, United Kingdom.
| | - Stephanie J Wright
- Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy W Gant
- UK Health Security Agency. Toxicology Department, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom; Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, United Kingdom
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10
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Jing B, Wan W, Hu B, Jin W, Zhang Z, Peng C, Wang M, Deng J, Dong X, Liu Y, Gao Z. Plastic nanoparticles cause proteome stress and aggregation by compromising cellular protein homeostasis ex vivo and in vivo. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115347. [PMID: 37572624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Decomposition of plastic materials into minuscule particles and their long-term uptake pose increasing concerns on environmental sustainability and biosafety. Besides common cell viability and cytotoxicity evaluations, how plastic nanoparticles interfere with different stress response pathways and affect cellular fitness has been less explored. Here, we provided the first piece of evidence to demonstrate plastic nanoparticles potentially can deteriorate proteome stability, compromise cellular protein homeostasis, and consequently cause global proteome misfolding and aggregation. Polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles of different sizes and surface charges were exploited as model plastic materials. In cell lysate and human blood plasma, naked PS nanoparticles with hydrophobic surface deteriorated proteome thermodynamic stability and exaggerated its aggregation propensity. While no cell viability ablation was observed in cells treated with PS nanoparticles up to 200 μg·mL-1, global proteome aggregation and stress was detected by a selective proteome aggregation sensor. Further proteomics analysis revealed how protein homeostasis network was remodeled by positively charged PS nanoparticles via differential expression of key proteins to counteract proteome stress. In mice model, size-dependent liver accumulation of positively charged PS nanoparticles induced hepatocellular proteome aggregation and compromised protein homeostasis network capacity that were invisible to standard alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase (ALT/AST) liver function as-say and histology. Meanwhile, long-term liver accumulation of plastic nanoparticles deteriorated liver metabolism and saturated liver detoxification capacity of overdosed acetaminophen. This work highlighted the impact of nanoplastics on cellular proteome integrity and cellular fitness that are invisible to current biochemical assays and clinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Jing
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Wang Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Bo Hu
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Wenhan Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Zhenduo Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Congcong Peng
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Mengdie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Jintai Deng
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Xuepeng Dong
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China.
| | - Zhenming Gao
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China.
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11
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Haque MK, Uddin M, Kormoker T, Ahmed T, Zaman MRU, Rahman MS, Rahman MA, Hossain MY, Rana MM, Tsang YF. Occurrences, sources, fate and impacts of plastic on aquatic organisms and human health in global perspectives: What Bangladesh can do in future? ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5531-5556. [PMID: 37382719 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Bangladesh is not an exception to the growing global environmental problem of plastic pollution. Plastics have been deemed a blessing for today's world thanks to their inexpensive production costs, low weight, toughness, and flexibility, but poor biodegradability and massive misuse of plastics are to blame for widespread contamination of the environmental components. Plastic as well as microplastic pollution and its adverse consequences have attracted significant investigative attention all over the world. Plastic pollution is a rising concern in Bangladesh, but scientific studies, data, and related information are very scarce in numerous areas of the plastic pollution problem. The current study examined the effects of plastic and microplastic pollution on the environment and human health, and it examined Bangladesh's existing knowledge of plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems in light of the rapidly expanding international research in this field. We also made an effort to investigate the current shortcomings in Bangladesh's assessment of plastic pollution. This study proposed several management approaches to the persistent plastic pollution problem by analyzing studies from industrialized and emerging countries. Finally, this work pushed investigators to investigate Bangladesh's plastic contamination thoroughly and develop guidelines and policies to address the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kamrul Haque
- Institute of Bangabandhu War of Liberation Bangladesh Studies, National University, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh
| | - Minhaz Uddin
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Tapos Kormoker
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong.
| | - Tareq Ahmed
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Science, University of London, Birkbeck, UK
| | - Md Rahat Uz Zaman
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - M Safiur Rahman
- Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashekur Rahman
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Yeamin Hossain
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Masud Rana
- Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
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12
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Menéndez D, Blanco-Fernandez C, Machado-Schiaffino G, Ardura A, Garcia-Vazquez E. High microplastics concentration in liver is negatively associated with condition factor in the Benguela hake Merluccius polli. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115135. [PMID: 37320916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) affect both marine and terrestrial biota worldwide for their harmful effects, which range from physical cell damage to physiological deterioration. In this research, microplastics were quantified from gills, liver and muscle of demersal Benguela hakes Merluccius polli (n = 94), caught by commercial trawling from northwest African waters. Plastic polymers were identified using Fourier Transformed-infraRed spectroscopy (FT-iR). Fulton's k condition factor and the degree of DNA degradation in liver were measured. None of the individuals were free of MPs, whose concentration ranged from 0.18 particles/g in muscle to 0.6 in liver. Four hazardous polymers were identified: 2-ethoxyethylmethacrylate, polyester, polyethylene terephthalate, and poly-acrylics. MP concentration in liver was correlated negatively with the condition factor, suggesting physiological damage. Positive association of MP concentration and liver DNA degradation was explained from cell breakage during trawl hauls during decompression, suggesting an additional way of MPs harm in organisms inhabiting at great depth. This is the first report of potential MPs-driven damage in this species; more studies are recommended to understand the impact of MP pollution on demersal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Menéndez
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julian Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen Blanco-Fernandez
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julian Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Machado-Schiaffino
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julian Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alba Ardura
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julian Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Garcia-Vazquez
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julian Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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13
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Akhtar S, Pranay K, Kumari K. Personal protective equipment and micro-nano plastics: A review of an unavoidable interrelation for a global well-being hazard. HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ADVANCES 2023; 6:100055. [PMID: 37102160 PMCID: PMC10089666 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2023.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The usage and the demand for personal protective equipments (PPEs) for our day-to-day survival in this pandemic period of COVID-19 have seen a steep rise which has consequently led to improper disposal and littering. Fragmentation of these PPE units has eventually given way to micro-nano plastics (MNPs) emission in the various environmental matrices and exposure of living organisms to these MNPs has proven to be severely toxic. Numerous factors contribute to the toxicity imparted by these MNPs that mainly include their shape, size, functional groups and their chemical diversity. Even though multiple studies on the impacts of MNPs toxicity are available for other organisms, human cell line studies for various plastic polymers, other than the most common ones namely polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS) and polypropylene (PP), are still at their nascent stage and need to be explored more. In this article, we cover a concise review of the literature on the impact of these MNPs in biotic and human systems focusing on the constituents of the PPE units and the additives that are essentially used for their manufacturing. This review will subsequently identify the need to gather scientific evidence at the smaller level to help combat this microplastic pollution and induce a more in-depth understanding of its adverse effect on our existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen Akhtar
- Kolkata Zonal Centre, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Kolkata 700107, West Bengal, India
| | - Kumar Pranay
- Department of Biochemistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna 800014, Bihar, India
| | - Kanchan Kumari
- Kolkata Zonal Centre, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Kolkata 700107, West Bengal, India
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14
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Lee Y, Cho S, Park K, Kim T, Kim J, Ryu DY, Hong J. Potential lifetime effects caused by cellular uptake of nanoplastics: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121668. [PMID: 37087090 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plastics have been used for about 100 years, and daily-use products composed of plastics are now prevalent. As a result, humans are very easily exposed to the plastic particles generated from the daily-use plastics. However, studies on cellular uptake of nanoplastics in "human cells" have only recently begun to attract attention. In previous studies, definitions of nanoplastics and microplastics were vague, but recently, they have been considered to be different and are being studied separately. However, nanoplastics, unlike plastic particles of other sizes such as macro- and microplastics, can be absorbed by human cells, and thus can cause various risks such as cytotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and even diseases such as cancer82, 83. and diabetes (Fan et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2023). Thus, in this review, we defined microplastics and nanoplastics to be different and described the potential risks of nanoplastics to human caused by cellular uptake according to their diverse factors. In addition, during and following plastic product usage a substantial number of fragments of different sizes can be generated, including nanoplastics. Fragmentation of microplastics into nanoplastics may also occur during ingestion and inhalation, which can potentially cause long-term hazards to human health. However, there are still few in vivo studies conducted on the health effect of nanoplastics ingestion and inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seongeun Cho
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungtae Park
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Taihyun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyu Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Du-Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkee Hong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Wang J, Zhu J, Zheng Q, Wang D, Wang H, He Y, Wang J, Zhan X. In vitro wheat protoplast cytotoxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163560. [PMID: 37080310 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics are an emerging environmental pollutant, having a potential risk to the terrestrial ecosystem. In the natural environment, almost all the micro-or nano-plastics will be aged by many factors and their characterizations of the surface will be modified. However, the toxicity and mechanism of the modified polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) to plant cells are not clear. In the study, the amino- and carboxyl-modified PS-NPs with different sizes (20 and 200 nm) were selected as the typical representatives to investigate their effects on protoplast cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the cell and the leakage of cell-inclusion and apoptosis. The results indicated that the 20 nm amino-modified PS-NPs (PS-20A) could significantly damage the structure of the cell, especially the cell membrane, chloroplast and mitochondrion. After being modified by amino group, smaller size nanoplastics had the potential to cause more severe damage. In addition, compared with carboxyl-modified PS-NPs, the amino-modified PS-NPs induced more ROS production and caused higher membrane permeability/lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Apoptosis assay indicated that the proportion of viable cells in the PS-20A treatment decreased significantly, and the proportion of necrotic cells increased by four times. This study provides new insights into the toxicity and damage mechanism of PS-NPs to terrestrial vascular plants at the cellular level, and guides people to pay attention to the quality and safety of agricultural products caused by nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuping Zheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongru Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqian Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan He
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Landrigan PJ, Raps H, Cropper M, Bald C, Brunner M, Canonizado EM, Charles D, Chiles TC, Donohue MJ, Enck J, Fenichel P, Fleming LE, Ferrier-Pages C, Fordham R, Gozt A, Griffin C, Hahn ME, Haryanto B, Hixson R, Ianelli H, James BD, Kumar P, Laborde A, Law KL, Martin K, Mu J, Mulders Y, Mustapha A, Niu J, Pahl S, Park Y, Pedrotti ML, Pitt JA, Ruchirawat M, Seewoo BJ, Spring M, Stegeman JJ, Suk W, Symeonides C, Takada H, Thompson RC, Vicini A, Wang Z, Whitman E, Wirth D, Wolff M, Yousuf AK, Dunlop S. The Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health. Ann Glob Health 2023; 89:23. [PMID: 36969097 PMCID: PMC10038118 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plastics have conveyed great benefits to humanity and made possible some of the most significant advances of modern civilization in fields as diverse as medicine, electronics, aerospace, construction, food packaging, and sports. It is now clear, however, that plastics are also responsible for significant harms to human health, the economy, and the earth's environment. These harms occur at every stage of the plastic life cycle, from extraction of the coal, oil, and gas that are its main feedstocks through to ultimate disposal into the environment. The extent of these harms not been systematically assessed, their magnitude not fully quantified, and their economic costs not comprehensively counted. Goals The goals of this Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health are to comprehensively examine plastics' impacts across their life cycle on: (1) human health and well-being; (2) the global environment, especially the ocean; (3) the economy; and (4) vulnerable populations-the poor, minorities, and the world's children. On the basis of this examination, the Commission offers science-based recommendations designed to support development of a Global Plastics Treaty, protect human health, and save lives. Report Structure This Commission report contains seven Sections. Following an Introduction, Section 2 presents a narrative review of the processes involved in plastic production, use, and disposal and notes the hazards to human health and the environment associated with each of these stages. Section 3 describes plastics' impacts on the ocean and notes the potential for plastic in the ocean to enter the marine food web and result in human exposure. Section 4 details plastics' impacts on human health. Section 5 presents a first-order estimate of plastics' health-related economic costs. Section 6 examines the intersection between plastic, social inequity, and environmental injustice. Section 7 presents the Commission's findings and recommendations. Plastics Plastics are complex, highly heterogeneous, synthetic chemical materials. Over 98% of plastics are produced from fossil carbon- coal, oil and gas. Plastics are comprised of a carbon-based polymer backbone and thousands of additional chemicals that are incorporated into polymers to convey specific properties such as color, flexibility, stability, water repellence, flame retardation, and ultraviolet resistance. Many of these added chemicals are highly toxic. They include carcinogens, neurotoxicants and endocrine disruptors such as phthalates, bisphenols, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), brominated flame retardants, and organophosphate flame retardants. They are integral components of plastic and are responsible for many of plastics' harms to human health and the environment.Global plastic production has increased almost exponentially since World War II, and in this time more than 8,300 megatons (Mt) of plastic have been manufactured. Annual production volume has grown from under 2 Mt in 1950 to 460 Mt in 2019, a 230-fold increase, and is on track to triple by 2060. More than half of all plastic ever made has been produced since 2002. Single-use plastics account for 35-40% of current plastic production and represent the most rapidly growing segment of plastic manufacture.Explosive recent growth in plastics production reflects a deliberate pivot by the integrated multinational fossil-carbon corporations that produce coal, oil and gas and that also manufacture plastics. These corporations are reducing their production of fossil fuels and increasing plastics manufacture. The two principal factors responsible for this pivot are decreasing global demand for carbon-based fuels due to increases in 'green' energy, and massive expansion of oil and gas production due to fracking.Plastic manufacture is energy-intensive and contributes significantly to climate change. At present, plastic production is responsible for an estimated 3.7% of global greenhouse gas emissions, more than the contribution of Brazil. This fraction is projected to increase to 4.5% by 2060 if current trends continue unchecked. Plastic Life Cycle The plastic life cycle has three phases: production, use, and disposal. In production, carbon feedstocks-coal, gas, and oil-are transformed through energy-intensive, catalytic processes into a vast array of products. Plastic use occurs in every aspect of modern life and results in widespread human exposure to the chemicals contained in plastic. Single-use plastics constitute the largest portion of current use, followed by synthetic fibers and construction.Plastic disposal is highly inefficient, with recovery and recycling rates below 10% globally. The result is that an estimated 22 Mt of plastic waste enters the environment each year, much of it single-use plastic and are added to the more than 6 gigatons of plastic waste that have accumulated since 1950. Strategies for disposal of plastic waste include controlled and uncontrolled landfilling, open burning, thermal conversion, and export. Vast quantities of plastic waste are exported each year from high-income to low-income countries, where it accumulates in landfills, pollutes air and water, degrades vital ecosystems, befouls beaches and estuaries, and harms human health-environmental injustice on a global scale. Plastic-laden e-waste is particularly problematic. Environmental Findings Plastics and plastic-associated chemicals are responsible for widespread pollution. They contaminate aquatic (marine and freshwater), terrestrial, and atmospheric environments globally. The ocean is the ultimate destination for much plastic, and plastics are found throughout the ocean, including coastal regions, the sea surface, the deep sea, and polar sea ice. Many plastics appear to resist breakdown in the ocean and could persist in the global environment for decades. Macro- and micro-plastic particles have been identified in hundreds of marine species in all major taxa, including species consumed by humans. Trophic transfer of microplastic particles and the chemicals within them has been demonstrated. Although microplastic particles themselves (>10 µm) appear not to undergo biomagnification, hydrophobic plastic-associated chemicals bioaccumulate in marine animals and biomagnify in marine food webs. The amounts and fates of smaller microplastic and nanoplastic particles (MNPs <10 µm) in aquatic environments are poorly understood, but the potential for harm is worrying given their mobility in biological systems. Adverse environmental impacts of plastic pollution occur at multiple levels from molecular and biochemical to population and ecosystem. MNP contamination of seafood results in direct, though not well quantified, human exposure to plastics and plastic-associated chemicals. Marine plastic pollution endangers the ocean ecosystems upon which all humanity depends for food, oxygen, livelihood, and well-being. Human Health Findings Coal miners, oil workers and gas field workers who extract fossil carbon feedstocks for plastic production suffer increased mortality from traumatic injury, coal workers' pneumoconiosis, silicosis, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. Plastic production workers are at increased risk of leukemia, lymphoma, hepatic angiosarcoma, brain cancer, breast cancer, mesothelioma, neurotoxic injury, and decreased fertility. Workers producing plastic textiles die of bladder cancer, lung cancer, mesothelioma, and interstitial lung disease at increased rates. Plastic recycling workers have increased rates of cardiovascular disease, toxic metal poisoning, neuropathy, and lung cancer. Residents of "fenceline" communities adjacent to plastic production and waste disposal sites experience increased risks of premature birth, low birth weight, asthma, childhood leukemia, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer.During use and also in disposal, plastics release toxic chemicals including additives and residual monomers into the environment and into people. National biomonitoring surveys in the USA document population-wide exposures to these chemicals. Plastic additives disrupt endocrine function and increase risk for premature births, neurodevelopmental disorders, male reproductive birth defects, infertility, obesity, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and cancers. Chemical-laden MNPs formed through the environmental degradation of plastic waste can enter living organisms, including humans. Emerging, albeit still incomplete evidence indicates that MNPs may cause toxicity due to their physical and toxicological effects as well as by acting as vectors that transport toxic chemicals and bacterial pathogens into tissues and cells.Infants in the womb and young children are two populations at particularly high risk of plastic-related health effects. Because of the exquisite sensitivity of early development to hazardous chemicals and children's unique patterns of exposure, plastic-associated exposures are linked to increased risks of prematurity, stillbirth, low birth weight, birth defects of the reproductive organs, neurodevelopmental impairment, impaired lung growth, and childhood cancer. Early-life exposures to plastic-associated chemicals also increase the risk of multiple non-communicable diseases later in life. Economic Findings Plastic's harms to human health result in significant economic costs. We estimate that in 2015 the health-related costs of plastic production exceeded $250 billion (2015 Int$) globally, and that in the USA alone the health costs of disease and disability caused by the plastic-associated chemicals PBDE, BPA and DEHP exceeded $920 billion (2015 Int$). Plastic production results in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions equivalent to 1.96 gigatons of carbon dioxide (CO2e) annually. Using the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) social cost of carbon metric, we estimate the annual costs of these GHG emissions to be $341 billion (2015 Int$).These costs, large as they are, almost certainly underestimate the full economic losses resulting from plastics' negative impacts on human health and the global environment. All of plastics' economic costs-and also its social costs-are externalized by the petrochemical and plastic manufacturing industry and are borne by citizens, taxpayers, and governments in countries around the world without compensation. Social Justice Findings The adverse effects of plastics and plastic pollution on human health, the economy and the environment are not evenly distributed. They disproportionately affect poor, disempowered, and marginalized populations such as workers, racial and ethnic minorities, "fenceline" communities, Indigenous groups, women, and children, all of whom had little to do with creating the current plastics crisis and lack the political influence or the resources to address it. Plastics' harmful impacts across its life cycle are most keenly felt in the Global South, in small island states, and in disenfranchised areas in the Global North. Social and environmental justice (SEJ) principles require reversal of these inequitable burdens to ensure that no group bears a disproportionate share of plastics' negative impacts and that those who benefit economically from plastic bear their fair share of its currently externalized costs. Conclusions It is now clear that current patterns of plastic production, use, and disposal are not sustainable and are responsible for significant harms to human health, the environment, and the economy as well as for deep societal injustices.The main driver of these worsening harms is an almost exponential and still accelerating increase in global plastic production. Plastics' harms are further magnified by low rates of recovery and recycling and by the long persistence of plastic waste in the environment.The thousands of chemicals in plastics-monomers, additives, processing agents, and non-intentionally added substances-include amongst their number known human carcinogens, endocrine disruptors, neurotoxicants, and persistent organic pollutants. These chemicals are responsible for many of plastics' known harms to human and planetary health. The chemicals leach out of plastics, enter the environment, cause pollution, and result in human exposure and disease. All efforts to reduce plastics' hazards must address the hazards of plastic-associated chemicals. Recommendations To protect human and planetary health, especially the health of vulnerable and at-risk populations, and put the world on track to end plastic pollution by 2040, this Commission supports urgent adoption by the world's nations of a strong and comprehensive Global Plastics Treaty in accord with the mandate set forth in the March 2022 resolution of the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA).International measures such as a Global Plastics Treaty are needed to curb plastic production and pollution, because the harms to human health and the environment caused by plastics, plastic-associated chemicals and plastic waste transcend national boundaries, are planetary in their scale, and have disproportionate impacts on the health and well-being of people in the world's poorest nations. Effective implementation of the Global Plastics Treaty will require that international action be coordinated and complemented by interventions at the national, regional, and local levels.This Commission urges that a cap on global plastic production with targets, timetables, and national contributions be a central provision of the Global Plastics Treaty. We recommend inclusion of the following additional provisions:The Treaty needs to extend beyond microplastics and marine litter to include all of the many thousands of chemicals incorporated into plastics.The Treaty needs to include a provision banning or severely restricting manufacture and use of unnecessary, avoidable, and problematic plastic items, especially single-use items such as manufactured plastic microbeads.The Treaty needs to include requirements on extended producer responsibility (EPR) that make fossil carbon producers, plastic producers, and the manufacturers of plastic products legally and financially responsible for the safety and end-of-life management of all the materials they produce and sell.The Treaty needs to mandate reductions in the chemical complexity of plastic products; health-protective standards for plastics and plastic additives; a requirement for use of sustainable non-toxic materials; full disclosure of all components; and traceability of components. International cooperation will be essential to implementing and enforcing these standards.The Treaty needs to include SEJ remedies at each stage of the plastic life cycle designed to fill gaps in community knowledge and advance both distributional and procedural equity.This Commission encourages inclusion in the Global Plastic Treaty of a provision calling for exploration of listing at least some plastic polymers as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under the Stockholm Convention.This Commission encourages a strong interface between the Global Plastics Treaty and the Basel and London Conventions to enhance management of hazardous plastic waste and slow current massive exports of plastic waste into the world's least-developed countries.This Commission recommends the creation of a Permanent Science Policy Advisory Body to guide the Treaty's implementation. The main priorities of this Body would be to guide Member States and other stakeholders in evaluating which solutions are most effective in reducing plastic consumption, enhancing plastic waste recovery and recycling, and curbing the generation of plastic waste. This Body could also assess trade-offs among these solutions and evaluate safer alternatives to current plastics. It could monitor the transnational export of plastic waste. It could coordinate robust oceanic-, land-, and air-based MNP monitoring programs.This Commission recommends urgent investment by national governments in research into solutions to the global plastic crisis. This research will need to determine which solutions are most effective and cost-effective in the context of particular countries and assess the risks and benefits of proposed solutions. Oceanographic and environmental research is needed to better measure concentrations and impacts of plastics <10 µm and understand their distribution and fate in the global environment. Biomedical research is needed to elucidate the human health impacts of plastics, especially MNPs. Summary This Commission finds that plastics are both a boon to humanity and a stealth threat to human and planetary health. Plastics convey enormous benefits, but current linear patterns of plastic production, use, and disposal that pay little attention to sustainable design or safe materials and a near absence of recovery, reuse, and recycling are responsible for grave harms to health, widespread environmental damage, great economic costs, and deep societal injustices. These harms are rapidly worsening.While there remain gaps in knowledge about plastics' harms and uncertainties about their full magnitude, the evidence available today demonstrates unequivocally that these impacts are great and that they will increase in severity in the absence of urgent and effective intervention at global scale. Manufacture and use of essential plastics may continue. However, reckless increases in plastic production, and especially increases in the manufacture of an ever-increasing array of unnecessary single-use plastic products, need to be curbed.Global intervention against the plastic crisis is needed now because the costs of failure to act will be immense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Landrigan
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Medical Biology Department, MC
| | - Hervé Raps
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Medical Biology Department, MC
| | - Maureen Cropper
- Economics Department, University of Maryland, College Park, US
| | - Caroline Bald
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Fenichel
- Université Côte d’Azur
- Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Nice, FR
| | - Lora E. Fleming
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
| | | | | | | | - Carly Griffin
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | - Mark E. Hahn
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
- Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, US
| | - Budi Haryanto
- Department of Environmental Health, Universitas Indonesia, ID
- Research Center for Climate Change, Universitas Indonesia, ID
| | - Richard Hixson
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Hannah Ianelli
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | - Bryan D. James
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | | | - Amalia Laborde
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of the Republic, UY
| | | | - Keith Martin
- Consortium of Universities for Global Health, US
| | - Jenna Mu
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | | | - Adetoun Mustapha
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
- Lead City University, NG
| | - Jia Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, US
| | - Sabine Pahl
- University of Vienna, Austria
- University of Plymouth, UK
| | | | - Maria-Luiza Pedrotti
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche sur mer (LOV), Sorbonne Université, FR
| | | | | | - Bhedita Jaya Seewoo
- Minderoo Foundation, AU
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, AU
| | | | - John J. Stegeman
- Biology Department and Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | - William Suk
- Superfund Research Program, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US
| | | | - Hideshige Takada
- Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (LOG), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, JP
| | | | | | - Zhanyun Wang
- Technology and Society Laboratory, WEmpa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials and Technology, CH
| | - Ella Whitman
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | | | | | - Aroub K. Yousuf
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | - Sarah Dunlop
- Minderoo Foundation, AU
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, AU
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17
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Haldar S, Muralidaran Y, Míguez D, Mulla SI, Mishra P. Eco-toxicity of nano-plastics and its implication on human metabolism: Current and future perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160571. [PMID: 36471520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the current scenario, plastic pollution has become one of the serious environmental hazard problems due to its improper handling and insufficiency in degradation. Nanoplastics (NPs) are formed when plastic fragments are subjected to ultraviolet radiation, natural weathering, and biodegradation. This review paper focuses on the source of origin, bioaccumulation, potential nanoplastics toxicity impact towards environment and human system and management strategies towards plastic pollution. Moreover, this study demonstrates that nanoplastics interfere with metabolic pathways and cause organ dysfunction. A wide range of studies have documented the alteration of organism physiology and behavior, caused by NPs exposure. A major source of NPs exposure is via ingestion because these plastics are found in foods or food packaging, however, they can also enter the human body via inhalation but in a less well-defined form. In recent literature, the studies demonstrate the mechanisms for NP uptake, affecting factors that have been discussed followed by cytotoxic mechanisms of NPs. However, study on challenges regarding NPs toxicity for the risk assessment of human health is limited. It is important to perform and focus more on the possible impacts of NPs on human health to identify the key challenges and explore the potential impacts of their environmental accumulation and its toxicity impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoumi Haldar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Yuvashree Muralidaran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Diana Míguez
- Latitud - Fundación LATU, Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay (LATU), Edificio Los Abetos, Avenida Italia 6201, C.P. 11500, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sikandar I Mulla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Health Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prabhakar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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18
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Koner S, Florance I, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N. Cellular response of THP-1 macrophages to polystyrene microplastics exposure. Toxicology 2023; 483:153385. [PMID: 36464069 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Microplastic in the environment have the capability to reach the human immune system via the ingestion, inhalation and direct contact. Polystyrene (PS) is one of the most widely used plastics, which is made up by polymerization of styrene monomers. Mounting evidences on the presence of microplastics in blood clearly indicate their access to macrophages that are major component of the immune system. However, data on the response of macrophages to microplastics exposure are limited. Our study reports the response of human macrophages transformed by PMA (phorbol 12-myristrate 13-acetate) to exposure to PSNPs of size range (≤ 450 nm). The polystyrene particles utilized in this study, were formulated from beads to powder by grinding and filtering the particles to acquire a range of size ≤ 450 nm particles with deionized water. This size variation used in this experiment imitates the size of plastic that humans can ingest plastic particles through food that gets fragmented from plastic cups and plates. Here we report that exposure to PSNPs (50-500 µg/mL) significantly decreased the viability of human macrophages. In addition, PSNPs (500 µg/mL) induced oxidative stress and decrease cell proliferation. Exposure to PSNPs decrease the membrane potential of mitochondria and caused damage to the DNA of macrophages. Overall, our study reports the differential toxic effects of PSNPs on human macrophages, delineating the potential risks of PSNPs exposure to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shramana Koner
- Center for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ida Florance
- Center for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Center for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natarajan Chandrasekaran
- Center for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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19
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Alberghini L, Truant A, Santonicola S, Colavita G, Giaccone V. Microplastics in Fish and Fishery Products and Risks for Human Health: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:ijerph20010789. [PMID: 36613111 PMCID: PMC9819327 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, plastic waste has become a universally significant environmental problem. Ingestion of food and water contaminated with microplastics is the main route of human exposure. Fishery products are an important source of microplastics in the human diet. Once ingested, microplastics reach the gastrointestinal tract and can be absorbed causing oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and translocation to other tissues. Furthermore, microplastics can release chemical substances (organic and inorganic) present in their matrix or previously absorbed from the environment and act as carriers of microorganisms. Additives present in microplastics such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP), and potentially toxic elements can be harmful for humans. However, to date, the data we have are not sufficient to perform a reliable assessment of the risks to human health. Further studies on the toxicokinetics and toxicity of microplastics in humans are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Alberghini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Truant
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Serena Santonicola
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Colavita
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Valerio Giaccone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
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20
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Zhang YX, Wang M, Yang L, Pan K, Miao AJ. Bioaccumulation of differently-sized polystyrene nanoplastics by human lung and intestine cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129585. [PMID: 35850063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation of nanoplastics (NPs) has been intensively examined using the fluorescence-labeling technique. As the fluorescence intensity per particle is different for NPs with different physicochemical properties, it's hard to directly compare their bioaccumulation based on fluorescence. Therefore, how physicochemical properties may affect NPs' bioaccumulation remains unclear. In the present study, we chose polystyrene NPs (PSNPs) with the primary particle size of 70 nm (PS70), 200 nm (PS200), and 500 nm (PS500), and examined their uptake by human lung and intestine cells. We found that PSNPs had low cytotoxicity, but could be taken up by both cell lines. The particle-mass-, particle-number-, and particle-surface-area-based accumulation of the differently-sized PSNPs were then compared. Smaller PSNPs showed lower particle-mass-based but higher particle-number-based uptake rate than the larger ones. Nevertheless, much less difference was observed when the unit of uptake rate was based on particle surface area, suggesting the critical role of surface area during PSNPs' interaction with the cell membrane. Additionally, all three PSNPs could enter the cells by phagocytosis and PS70 could also be internalized by clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Overall, the effects of size on the bioaccumulation of NPs need to be considered when evaluating their environmental and health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ai-Jun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China.
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21
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Derivatives of Plastics as Potential Carcinogenic Factors: The Current State of Knowledge. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194637. [PMID: 36230560 PMCID: PMC9562888 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nowadays, micro- and nanoplastic particles can be found almost everywhere, being especially harmful for humans. Their absorption, primarily via inhalation and digestive routes, might lead to a particularly dangerous accumulation of those substances within the human body. Due to the alarming increase in contamination worldwide and excessive production of plastics and synthetic materials, there is an urgent need to investigate the effects of those substances on human health. So far, it has been observed that nano- and microplastics might be extremely harmful, leading to serious health conditions, such as cancers of various human body systems. Abstract Micro- and nanoplatics have been already reported to be potential carcinogenic/mutagenic substances that might cause DNA damage, leading to carcinogenesis. Thus, the effects of micro- and nanoplastics exposure on human health are currently being investigated extensively to establish clear relationships between those substances and health consequences. So far, it has been observed that there exists a definite correlation between exposure to micro- and nanoplastic particles and the onset of several cancers. Therefore, we have conducted research using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, searching for all the research papers devoted to cancers that could be potentially related to the subject of exposure to nano- and microplastics. Ultimately, in this paper, we have discussed several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, biliary tract cancer, and some endocrine-related cancers.
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22
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Gautam R, Jo J, Acharya M, Maharjan A, Lee D, K C PB, Kim C, Kim K, Kim H, Heo Y. Evaluation of potential toxicity of polyethylene microplastics on human derived cell lines. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156089. [PMID: 35605862 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics bare of major concern for environmental conservation and animal welfare in recent years as its use has increased tremendously. Polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) are the most common microplastics and could get exposed to humans via different routes with oral>inhalation>dermal. Internalization of MPs through epithelial tissue could expose MPs to various cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages/monocytes, and/or T cells. In this study, we aimed at identifying the effects of two different sized (30.5 ± 10.5 and 6.2 ± 2.0 μm) PE-MPs on different human cell lines representing different tissues or cells that get exposed to MPs directly or indirectly. Six cell lines were cultured with different concentrations of PE-MPs and cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and cytokines were measured. PE-MPs did not substantially lower the cell viability of cells however highest concentration (1000 μg/mL) of both sized MPs slightly reduced cell viability in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 and lung epithelial A549 cells. Both sized PE-MPs induced higher NO in all the cell lines and upregulation of ROS generation was demonstrated at THP-1, Jurkat, and U937 immune cell lines. A pro-inflammatory cytokine response was seen in HaCaT keratinocyte cells when cultured with PE-MPs whereas the opposite effect was observed in THP-1 and U937 cells except with THP-1 cells cultured with larger-sized MPs. We found that the PE-MPs do not have the same effects on all kinds of cells and tissues exposed and the immune modulation is not necessarily inflammatory. Thus, this study gives insight into why more detailed studies focused on exposure routes and organ-specific effects of different MPs need to be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Gautam
- Department of occupational health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea.
| | - JiHun Jo
- Department of occupational health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Manju Acharya
- Department of occupational health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Anju Maharjan
- Department of occupational health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - DaEun Lee
- Department of occupational health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Pramod Bahadur K C
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - ChangYul Kim
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - KilSoo Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Center, 41061 Daegu, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - HyoungAh Kim
- College of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Heo
- Department of occupational health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea; Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Wen S, Zhao Y, Wang M, Yuan H, Xu H. Micro(nano)plastics in food system: potential health impacts on human intestinal system. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1429-1447. [PMID: 36066327 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2116559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) in human food system have been broadly recognized by researchers and have drawn an increasing public attention to their potential health risks, particularly the risk to the intestinal system regarding the long-term exposure to MNPs through food consumption. This study aims to review the environmental properties (formation and composition) of MNPs and MNPs pollution in human food system following the order of food production, food processing and food consumption. The current analytic and identical technologies utilized by researchers are also summarized in this review. In fact, parts of commonly consumed food raw materials, processed food and the way to take in food all become the possible sources for human MNPs ingestion. In addition, the available literatures investigating MNPs-induced intestinal adverse effect are discussed from in vitro models and in vivo mammalian experiments, respectively. Particle translocation, cytotoxicity, damaged gut barrier, intestinal inflammation as well as microbial alteration are mostly reported. Moreover, the practical remediation strategies for MNPs pollution are also illustrated in the last section. This review is expected to provide a research insight for foodborne MNPs and arouse more public awareness of MNPs pollution in food and potential risk for human intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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24
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Sangkham S, Faikhaw O, Munkong N, Sakunkoo P, Arunlertaree C, Chavali M, Mousazadeh M, Tiwari A. A review on microplastics and nanoplastics in the environment: Their occurrence, exposure routes, toxic studies, and potential effects on human health. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 181:113832. [PMID: 35716489 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are emerging environmental pollutants, having a major ecotoxicological concern to humans and many other biotas, especially aquatic animals. The physical and chemical compositions of MPs majorly determine their ecotoxicological risks. However, comprehensive knowledge about the exposure routes and toxic effects of MPs/NPs on animals and human health is not fully known. Here this review focuses on the potential exposure routes, human health impacts, and toxicity response of MPs/NPs on human health, through reviewing the literature on studies conducted in different in vitro and in vivo experiments on organisms, human cells, and the human experimental exposure models. The current literature review has highlighted ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contacts as major exposure routes of MPs/NPs. Further, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, DNA damage, inflammation, immune response, neurotoxicity, metabolic disruption, and ultimately affecting digestive systems, immunology, respiratory systems, reproductive systems, and nervous systems, as serious health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarawut Sangkham
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Muang District, Phayao 56000, Thailand.
| | - Orasai Faikhaw
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Narongsuk Munkong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Muang District, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Pornpun Sakunkoo
- Department of Environmental Health, Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Chumlong Arunlertaree
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Murthy Chavali
- Office of the Dean (Research) & Division of Chemistry, Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Alliance University, Chandapura-Anekal Main Road, Bengaluru 562106, Karnataka, India
| | - Milad Mousazadeh
- Student research committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ananda Tiwari
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Neulaniementie 4, Kuopio, Finland
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25
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Ng YZ, Tan KW, Chung LY, Salim F, Low ML, Ooi IH, Yip FW, Ng CH. Zinc(II)-Schiff base complex functionalized on gold nanospheres: synthesis, characterization, anticancer study and interaction with proteins. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2097869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhuang Ng
- Chemistry Department, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kong Wai Tan
- Chemistry Department, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Salim
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi Mara, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - May Lee Low
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ing Hong Ooi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Foo Win Yip
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Chew Hee Ng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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26
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Bioanalytical approaches for the detection, characterization, and risk assessment of micro/nanoplastics in agriculture and food systems. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4591-4612. [PMID: 35459968 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the most recent literature (mostly since 2019) on the presence and impact of microplastics (MPs, particle size of 1 μm to 5 mm) and nanoplastics (NPs, particle size of 1 to 1000 nm) throughout the agricultural and food supply chain, focusing on the methods and technologies for the detection and characterization of these materials at key entry points. Methods for the detection of M/NPs include electron and atomic force microscopy, vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR and Raman), hyperspectral (bright field and dark field) and fluorescence imaging, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Microfluidic biosensors and risk assessment assays of MP/NP for in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models have also been used. Advantages and limitations of each method or approach in specific application scenarios are discussed to highlight the scientific and technological obstacles to be overcome in future research. Although progress in recent years has increased our understanding of the mechanisms and the extent to which MP/NP affects health and the environment, many challenges remain largely due to the lack of standardized and reliable detection and characterization methods. Most of the methods available today are low-throughput, which limits their practical application to food and agricultural samples. Development of rapid and high-throughput field-deployable methods for onsite screening of MP/NPs is therefore a high priority. Based on the current literature, we conclude that detecting the presence and understanding the impact of MP/NP throughout the agricultural and food supply chain require the development of novel deployable analytical methods and sensors, the combination of high-precision lab analysis with rapid onsite screening, and a data hub(s) that hosts and curates data for future analysis.
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Inhibition of Xenobiotics Transporters’ Efflux Ability after Nanoplastics Exposure in Larval Japanese Medaka. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14060863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics can enter into the aquatic environment as primary nano-sized or fragmented from larger-sized plastic particles, and their ecological effects and environmental fate have aroused increasing public concerns. Here, we identified the disruption of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux after polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics (76 ± 7 nm) exposure in larval Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Nanoplastics (0.001–10 μg/mL) caused 3–6-fold higher lipid peroxidation in fish larvae than the control, with concomitant downregulated expression of efflux transporter-related genes (abcb6a, abcc2, abcg2). Two probes of rhodamine (indicative of p-glycoprotein function for parent compounds’ efflux, P-gp) and fluorescein (indicative of multidrug resistance-associated protein function for metabolites’ efflux, MRP) were further used to verify the inhibited ABC efflux ability, via rhodamine and fluorescein bioaccumulation results. Three-fold higher accumulation of rhodamine was observed following treatment with 10 μg/mL of nanoplastics. Excessive accumulation also occurred for fluorescein, with 1.7–1.8-fold higher concentrations than controls in larvae treated with 0.01–0.1 μg/mL of nanoplastics. Although the inhibition of ABC transporters diminished after two hours of depuration, the co-existence of nanoplastics and other contaminants still raises concerns. Collectively, this study suggests that nanoplastics can negatively impact ABC transporters’ efflux ability and could cause unanticipated accumulation of co-existing organic pollutants in aquatic organisms.
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Gündogdu S, Rathod N, Hassoun A, Jamroz E, Kulawik P, Gokbulut C, Aït-Kaddour A, Özogul F. The impact of nano/micro-plastics toxicity on seafood quality and human health: facts and gaps. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6445-6463. [PMID: 35152807 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2033684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of the food and especially marine environment with nano/micro-plastic particles has raised serious concern in recent years. Environmental pollution and the resulting seafood contamination with microplastic (MP) pose a potential threat to consumers. The absorption rate of the MP by fish is generally considered low, although the bioavailability depends on the physical and chemical properties of the consumed MP. The available safety studies are inconclusive, although there is an indication that prolonged exposure to high levels of orally administered MP can be hazardous for consumers. This review details novel findings about the occurrence of MP, along with its physical and chemical properties, in the marine environment and seafood. The effect of processing on the content of MP in the final product is also reviewed. Additionally, recent findings regarding the impact of exposure of MP on human health are discussed. Finally, gaps in current knowledge are underlined, and the possibilities for future research are indicated in the review. There is an urgent need for further research on the absorption and bioavailability of consumed MP and in vivo studies on chronic exposure. Policymakers should also consider the implementation of novel legislation related to MP presence in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Gündogdu
- Department of Basic Sciences, Cukurova University Faculty of Fisheries, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nikheel Rathod
- Department of Post Harvest Management of Meat, Poultry and Fish, Post Graduate Institute of Post-harvest Management (Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth), Dapoli, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Abdo Hassoun
- Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR), Arras, France
- Syrian Academic Expertise (SAE), Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ewelina Jamroz
- Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Karakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Kulawik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Adnan Menderes, Isikli Koyu, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Gokbulut
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Balikesir University, Cagis Campus, Balikesir, Turkey
| | | | - Fatih Özogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Cukurova University Faculty of Fisheries, Adana, Turkey
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Hao W, Cha R, Wang M, Zhang P, Jiang X. Impact of nanomaterials on the intestinal mucosal barrier and its application in treating intestinal diseases. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 7:6-30. [PMID: 34889349 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00315a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB) is one of the important barriers to prevent harmful substances and pathogens from entering the body environment and to maintain intestinal homeostasis. The dysfunction of the IMB is associated with intestinal diseases and disorders. Nanomaterials have been widely used in medicine and as drug carriers due to their large specific surface area, strong adsorbability, and good biocompatibility. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the impact of typical nanomaterials on the IMB and summarize the treatment of intestinal diseases by using nanomaterials. The effects of nanomaterials on the IMB are mainly influenced by factors such as the dosage, size, morphology, and surface functional groups of nanomaterials. There is huge potential and a broad prospect for the application of nanomaterials in regulating the IMB for achieving an optimal therapeutic effect for antibiotics, oral vaccines, drug carriers, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Ruitao Cha
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Mingzheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Pai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China.
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Khalid N, Aqeel M, Noman A, Khan SM, Akhter N. Interactions and effects of microplastics with heavy metals in aquatic and terrestrial environments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118104. [PMID: 34500399 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of waters and soils with microplastics (MPs) is an emerging environmental issue worldwide. MPs constitute a cocktail of various additives and polymers besides adsorbing toxic heavy metals from the environment. This co-occurrence of MPs with heavy metals poses a threat to the health of organisms and is poorly understood. Ingestion of MPs contaminated with heavy metals may also result in subsequent transfer of heavy metals up in the food chain. MPs surfaces play a crucial role in the adsorption of heavy metals. Aged/biofouled MPs facilitate greater adsorption of metals and certain microplastic (MP) polymers adsorb some metals more specifically. External factors involved in the process of adsorption/accumulation of heavy metals are the solution pH, salinity, and the concentration of relevant heavy metals in the media. Desorption greatly depends upon pH of the external solution. This is more concerning as the guts/digestive systems of organisms have low pH which could enhance the desorption of toxic metals and making them accumulate in their bodies. The aim of this article is to discuss the abundance, distribution, adsorption, and desorption behavior of MPs for heavy metals, and their combined toxic effects on flora and fauna based on the limited research on this topic in the literature. There is an overarching need to understand the interactions of MPs with heavy metals in different ecosystems so that the extent of ecotoxic effects they pose could be assessed which would help in the environmental regulation of these pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Khalid
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, 51310, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Shujaul Mulk Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Akhter
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Zehra N, Tanwar AS, Khatun MN, Adil LR, Iyer PK. AIE active polymers for biological applications. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 185:137-177. [PMID: 34782103 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomenon, significantly altered the understanding of the scientific world about the luminophore aggregation. Polymers with AIE features have recently emerged as promising materials with wide range of applications in optoelectronics devices, chemosensors, bioimaging, cancer theranostics and drug delivery. By introducing the AIE active molecule into the polymer structure, novel materials encompassing the characteristics properties of both the functional materials such as excellent brightness, versatile structure modification, high biocompatibility, exceptional stability and facile processability are achieved. This chapter presents the advances in synthetic design as well as potential biological applications of AIE active polymers, beginning with a brief introduction to the AIE phenomenon. The versatile synthetic route, easier functionalization, and light up feature of the AIE active polymers offer direct visualization of the physiological processes within or outside the living organisms. This chapter also precisely describes the photodynamic therapy/photothermal therapy (PDT/PTT) with up-to-date advancement of AIE active polymer and their emerging applications in biomedical field. The AIE active Photosensitizers (PSs) are much more efficient in singlet oxygen (1O2) production than their small molecule AIE active PSs due to their enhanced inter system crossing (ISC) process and improved light-harvesting ability. Additionally, the present chapter aims to focus on all recent AIE active polymers for drug screening and drug delivery. The AIE active polymer often shows decent drug loading capacity, high stability and good biocompatibility comprising image guided drug monitoring features. Lastly, the concluding discussion reveals the future prospective of the AIE active polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Zehra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Arvin Sain Tanwar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mst Nasima Khatun
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Laxmi Raman Adil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Parameswar Krishnan Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India; School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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Ang MJY, Chan SY, Goh YY, Luo Z, Lau JW, Liu X. Emerging strategies in developing multifunctional nanomaterials for cancer nanotheranostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113907. [PMID: 34371084 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer involves a collection of diseases with a common trait - dysregulation in cell proliferation. At present, traditional therapeutic strategies against cancer have limitations in tackling various tumors in clinical settings. These include chemotherapeutic resistance and the inability to overcome intrinsic physiological barriers to drug delivery. Nanomaterials have presented promising strategies for tumor treatment in recent years. Nanotheranostics combine therapeutic and bioimaging functionalities at the single nanoparticle level and have experienced tremendous growth over the past few years. This review highlights recent developments of advanced nanomaterials and nanotheranostics in three main directions: stimulus-responsive nanomaterials, nanocarriers targeting the tumor microenvironment, and emerging nanomaterials that integrate with phototherapies and immunotherapies. We also discuss the cytotoxicity and outlook of next-generation nanomaterials towards clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melgious Jin Yan Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; NUS Graduate School (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Siew Yin Chan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Yi-Yiing Goh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; NUS Graduate School (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Zichao Luo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jun Wei Lau
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; NUS Graduate School (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore.
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Nigro L, Freitas R, Maggioni D, Hamza H, Coppola F, Protano G, Della Torre C. Coating with polysaccharides influences the surface charge of cerium oxide nanoparticles and their effects to Mytilus galloprovincialis. NANOIMPACT 2021; 24:100362. [PMID: 35559821 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the effects of surface coating, acquired through the interaction with natural biomolecules, on the behavior and ecotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs). To this aim, the effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) naked and coated with chitosan and alginate on the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were compared. Mussels were exposed for 7 days to 100 μg L-1 of CeO2NPs and for 28 days to 1 μg L-1 of CeO2NPs. In both experiments CeO2NPs were used naked and coated with the two polysaccharides. The lowest tested concentration allowed to understand the environmental relevance of this biological process. A set of biomarkers related to oxidative stress/damage and energy metabolism was applied to assess the ecotoxicity of CeO2NPs. The aggregation and stability in water of CeO2NPs were measured through dynamic light scattering analysis and the levels of Ce in the exposure media and in mussels soft tissues were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results showed a different hydrodynamic behavior and stability of CeO2NPs in saltwater related to the different coatings. Despite this, no differences in the bioaccumulation of CeO2NPs were observed among the experimental groups. Different coatings affected also CeO2NPs toxicological outcomes in both 7- and 28-days exposures. Coating with chitosan enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities while coating with alginate triggered oxidative damage. Although the oxidant pathways did not differ that much among the exposures, biomarkers of energetic supplies suggested a different strategy of defense in response to CeO2NP exposure at a lower concentration and for a longer period of time. The obtained results are in line with findings of a previous study on freshwater mussels, suggesting that the coating with biomolecules, which impart negative charge to the NPs, might enhance their biological effects. This study highlighted that interactions of NPs with natural biomolecules largely present in the aquatic environment could affect NPs toxicity altering the interaction towards organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Nigro
- Department of Biosciences, University of Study of Milan, Italy; Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Hady Hamza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Study of Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Coppola
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Protano
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Study of Siena, Italy
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Matthews S, Mai L, Jeong CB, Lee JS, Zeng EY, Xu EG. Key mechanisms of micro- and nanoplastic (MNP) toxicity across taxonomic groups. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 247:109056. [PMID: 33894368 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial environments, and detrimental biological effects have been observed on a variety of organisms, from bacteria and alga to plants and animals. A fast-growing number of toxicological studies report diverse responses and wide species-dependent sensitivity upon MNP exposure. While studies are dominated by in vivo animal tests, our understanding of cellular toxicity and the corresponding toxicity mechanisms is still limited. This challenges the proper assessment of environmental hazards and health risks of MNPs. In this review, we gathered and analyzed the up-to-date studies on humans, animals, plants, alga, and bacteria, and identified the similarities and differences in key toxicity mechanisms of MNPs across different taxonomic groups. Particularly, human cell-based studies at the cellular level provide fundamental and valuable information on the key toxicity mechanisms, which are essential to answer the question of whether and how MNPs pose health threats. In general, toxicity mechanisms of MNPs depend on their size, surface characteristics, polymer type, as well as cell type. Plausible toxicity mechanisms mainly include membrane disruption, extracellular polymeric substance disruption, reactive oxygen species generation, DNA damage, cell pore blockage, lysosome destabilization, and mitochondrial depolarization. A deeper understanding of these key mechanisms in different taxonomic groups can also improve both in vivo and in vitro models useful for predictive impact assessments of plastic pollution on the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Matthews
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Lei Mai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Marine Science, College of Nature Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark.
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Čapek J, Roušar T. Detection of Oxidative Stress Induced by Nanomaterials in Cells-The Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species and Glutathione. Molecules 2021; 26:4710. [PMID: 34443297 PMCID: PMC8401563 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of nanomaterials use is huge, especially in fields such as medicine or industry. Due to widespread use of nanomaterials, their cytotoxicity and involvement in cellular pathways ought to be evaluated in detail. Nanomaterials can induce the production of a number of substances in cells, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), participating in physiological and pathological cellular processes. These highly reactive substances include: superoxide, singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide. For overall assessment, there are a number of fluorescent probes in particular that are very specific and selective for given ROS. In addition, due to the involvement of ROS in a number of cellular signaling pathways, understanding the principle of ROS production induced by nanomaterials is very important. For defense, the cells have a number of reparative and especially antioxidant mechanisms. One of the most potent antioxidants is a tripeptide glutathione. Thus, the glutathione depletion can be a characteristic manifestation of harmful effects caused by the prooxidative-acting of nanomaterials in cells. For these reasons, here we would like to provide a review on the current knowledge of ROS-mediated cellular nanotoxicity manifesting as glutathione depletion, including an overview of approaches for the detection of ROS levels in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Čapek
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic;
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Kik K, Bukowska B, Krokosz A, Sicińska P. Oxidative Properties of Polystyrene Nanoparticles with Different Diameters in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (In Vitro Study). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094406. [PMID: 33922469 PMCID: PMC8122768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the ongoing commercialization, human exposure to plastic nanoparticles will dramatically increase, and evaluation of their potential toxicity is essential. There is an ongoing discussion on the human health effects induced by plastic particles. For this reason, in our work, we assessed the effect of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) of various diameters (29, 44 and 72 nm) on selected parameters of oxidative stress and the viability of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the in vitro system. Cells were incubated with PS-NPs for 24 h in the concentration range of 0.001 to 100 µg/mL and then labeled: formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (including hydroxyl radical), protein and lipid oxidation and cell viability. We showed that PS-NPs disturbed the redox balance in PBMCs. They increased ROS levels and induced lipid and protein oxidation, and, finally, the tested nanoparticles induced a decrease in PBMCs viability. The earliest changes in the PBMCs were observed in cells incubated with the smallest PS-NPs, at a concentration of 0.01 μg/mL. A comparison of the action of the studied nanoparticles showed that PS-NPs (29 nm) exhibited a stronger oxidative potential in PBMCs. We concluded that the toxicity and oxidative properties of the PS-NPs examined depended to significant degree on their diameter.
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Zhang Q, Reinhard BM. Characterizing nanoplastics‐induced stress and its SERS fingerprint in an intestinal membrane model. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Björn M. Reinhard
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
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Liu S, Xu A, Gao Y, Xie Y, Liu Z, Sun M, Mao H, Wang X. Graphene oxide exacerbates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis via ROS/AMPK/p53 signaling to mediate apoptosis. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:85. [PMID: 33766052 PMCID: PMC7995754 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Graphene oxide (GO), a novel carbon-based nanomaterial, has promising applications in biomedicine. However, it induces potential cytotoxic effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract cells, and these effects have been largely uncharacterized. The present study aimed to explore the toxic effects of GO on the intestinal tract especially under pre-existing inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and elucidate underlying mechanisms. Results Our findings indicated that oral gavage of GO worsened acute colitis induced by 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice. In vitro, GO exacerbated DSS-induced inflammation and apoptosis in the FHC cell line, an ideal model of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Further, the potential mechanism underlying GO aggravated mice colitis and cell inflammation was explored. Our results revealed that GO treatment triggered apoptosis in FHC cells through the activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/p53 pathway, as evidenced by the upregulation of cytochrome c (Cytc), Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 (c-cas3) and the downregulation of Bcl-2. Interestingly, pretreatment with an antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and a specific inhibitor of AMPK activation, Compound C (Com.C), effectively inhibited GO-induced apoptosis in FHC cells. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that GO-induced IECs apoptosis via ROS/AMPK/p53 pathway activation accounts for the exacerbation of colitis in vivo and aggravation of inflammation in vitro. These findings provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of IBD induced by environmental factors. Furthermore, our findings enhance our understanding of GO as a potential environmental toxin, which helps delineate the risk of exposure to patients with disturbed intestinal epithelial barrier/inflammatory disorders such as IBD. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Siliang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Angao Xu
- Huizhou Medicine Institute, Huizhou, 516003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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Rahman A, Sarkar A, Yadav OP, Achari G, Slobodnik J. Potential human health risks due to environmental exposure to nano- and microplastics and knowledge gaps: A scoping review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143872. [PMID: 33310568 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are an emerging global environmental contaminant that are affecting multiple spheres. Despite their ubiquity in all spheres of life and ecology, little is known about the health effects of microplastics exposure to humans. This scoping review explores the existing evidence on the potential human health effects of microplastics and subsequent knowledge gaps. An electronic search of published articles in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane databases, and Google Scholar was conducted using a combination of subject headings and keywords relating to microplastics and human health effects. The initial search resulted in 17,043 published articles and grey literature documents. After a full review of published articles and their references, 129 publications were identified for further detailed review. These articles indicate that human exposure to microplastics can occur through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact due to their presence in food, water, air, and consumer products. Microplastics exposure can cause toxicity through oxidative stress, inflammatory lesions, and increased uptake or translocation. Several studies have demonstrated the potentiality of metabolic disturbances, neurotoxicity, and increased cancer risk in humans. Moreover, microplastics have been found to release their constituent compounds as well as those that are adsorbed onto their surface. Further research is needed to quantify the effects of microplastics on human health and their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arifur Rahman
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada.
| | - Atanu Sarkar
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada.
| | - Om Prakash Yadav
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada.
| | - Gopal Achari
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Yee MSL, Hii LW, Looi CK, Lim WM, Wong SF, Kok YY, Tan BK, Wong CY, Leong CO. Impact of Microplastics and Nanoplastics on Human Health. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:496. [PMID: 33669327 PMCID: PMC7920297 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plastics have enormous impacts to every aspect of daily life including technology, medicine and treatments, and domestic appliances. Most of the used plastics are thrown away by consumers after a single use, which has become a huge environmental problem as they will end up in landfill, oceans and other waterways. These plastics are discarded in vast numbers each day, and the breaking down of the plastics from micro- to nano-sizes has led to worries about how toxic these plastics are to the environment and humans. While, there are several earlier studies reported the effects of micro- and nano-plastics have on the environment, there is scant research into their impact on the human body at subcellular or molecular levels. In particular, the potential of how nano-plastics move through the gut, lungs and skin epithelia in causing systemic exposure has not been examined thoroughly. This review explores thoroughly on how nanoplastics are created, how they behave/breakdown within the environment, levels of toxicity and pollution of these nanoplastics, and the possible health impacts on humans, as well as suggestions for additional research. This paper aims to inspire future studies into core elements of micro- and nano-plastics, the biological reactions caused by their specific and unusual qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Swee-Li Yee
- Centre of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
| | - Ling-Wei Hii
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.-W.H.); (C.K.L.); (W.-M.L.)
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Chin King Looi
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.-W.H.); (C.K.L.); (W.-M.L.)
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Meng Lim
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.-W.H.); (C.K.L.); (W.-M.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Shew-Fung Wong
- Center for Environmental and Population Health, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (S.-F.W.); (Y.-Y.K.); (B.-K.T.); (C.-Y.W.)
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Yih-Yih Kok
- Center for Environmental and Population Health, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (S.-F.W.); (Y.-Y.K.); (B.-K.T.); (C.-Y.W.)
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Boon-Keat Tan
- Center for Environmental and Population Health, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (S.-F.W.); (Y.-Y.K.); (B.-K.T.); (C.-Y.W.)
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Chiew-Yen Wong
- Center for Environmental and Population Health, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (S.-F.W.); (Y.-Y.K.); (B.-K.T.); (C.-Y.W.)
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.-W.H.); (C.K.L.); (W.-M.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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Filip GA, Florea A, Olteanu D, Clichici S, David L, Moldovan B, Cenariu M, Scrobota I, Potara M, Baldea I. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Sambucus nigra L. fruit extract for targeting cell death in oral dysplastic cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:111974. [PMID: 33812602 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to evaluate the impact of silver nanoparticles, phytosynthesized with polyphenols from Sambucus nigra L. (SN) fruit extract (AgSN), on dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOK) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) in terms of cell viability and apoptosis. The morphology and ultrastructure of treated cells as well as the mechanisms involved in cell death induction were investigated in DOK cultures. The structure of AgSN was studied by using the appropriate analysis tools such as UV-Vis, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential assessment. DOK and HGF were treated either with silver nanoparticles capped with Sambucus nigra L. extract or with SN extract. Untreated cells were used as controls. Viability was determined by MTS assay. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) was used to evaluate the intracellular localization of the nanoparticles at 4 and 24 h. Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining and the expressions of p53, BAX, BCL2, NFkB, phosphorylated NFkB (pNFkB), pan AKT, pan phosphoAKT, LC3B and ɣH2AX were evaluated to quantify the cell death. ELISA measurements of TNF-α and TRAIL was used for the study of the inflammatory response. Oxidative stress damage induced by nanoparticles was assessed by the malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Silver nanoparticles stimulated HGF proliferation and significantly diminished DOK viability at doses higher than 20 μg/ml. TEM analysis demonstrated the internalization of silver nanoparticles and showed ultrastructural changes of cells such as the appearance of vacuoles, autophagosomes, endosomes. AgSN inhibited the pro-survival molecules and regulators of apoptosis, diminished oxidative stress and inflammation and induced cell death through various mechanisms: necrosis, autophagy and DNA lesions. SN extract had antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect and increased the DNA lesions and autophagy in DOK cells. Silver nanoparticles protected the normal cells and induced cell death in dysplastic cells by different mechanisms thus offering beneficial effects in the treatment of oral dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Florea
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Olteanu
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Clichici
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Luminita David
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bianca Moldovan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Mihai Cenariu
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Scrobota
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Monica Potara
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Baldea
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Banerjee A, Shelver WL. Micro- and nanoplastic induced cellular toxicity in mammals: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142518. [PMID: 33065507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plastic based products are ubiquitous due to their tremendous utility in our daily lives. However, the limited biodegradable nature of plastics has recently raised pollution concerns globally, especially micro- and nanoplastics. These anthropogenic pollutants are either manufactured specifically in the small size range for various commercial applications or formed due to fragmentation of macro plastics in the environment. Micro- and nanoplastics are currently widespread in the oceans, freshwater bodies, land and even present in our food. The biological effects of micro- and nanoplastics on aquatic organisms are well documented but their impacts on mammalian system have not been rigorously investigated. This review discusses the potential routes of exposure to micro- and nanoplastics, biological effects of these particles in mammalian cells, factors influencing toxicity, and the probable mechanisms of cytotoxicity. In general, small size, positive charge, high dose, and presence of toxic additives or pollutants in the micro/nanoplastics appear to induce cellular toxicity through oxidative stress, membrane damage, immune response and genotoxicity. Understanding the cellular fate and toxicity of these materials may help extrapolate risks to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1616 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Weilin L Shelver
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1616 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102, USA.
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Busch M, Bredeck G, Kämpfer AAM, Schins RPF. Investigations of acute effects of polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride micro- and nanoplastics in an advanced in vitro triple culture model of the healthy and inflamed intestine. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110536. [PMID: 33253701 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The continuous degradation of plastic waste in the environment leads to the generation of micro- and nanoplastic fragments and particles. Due to the ubiquitous presence of plastic particles in natural habitats as well as in food, beverages and tap water, oral exposure of the human population with plastic particles occurs worldwide. We investigated acute toxicological effects of polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) micro- and nanoparticles in an advanced in vitro triple culture model (Caco-2/HT29-MTX-E12/THP-1) mimicking the healthy and inflamed human intestine to study the effect of inflammatory processes on plastic particle toxicity. We monitored barrier integrity, cytotoxicity, cell layer integrity, DNA damage, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) and mucus distribution after 24 h of particle exposure. In addition, we investigated cytotoxicity, DNA damage and IL-1β release in monocultures of the three cell lines. Amine-modified polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NH2) served as a positive control for particle-induced toxicity. No acute effects in the investigated endpoints were observed in the model of the healthy intestine after PS or PVC exposure. However, during active inflammatory processes, exposure to PVC particles was found to augment the release of IL-1β and to cause a loss of epithelial cells. Our results suggest that prevalent intestinal inflammation might be an important factor to consider when assessing the hazard of ingested micro- and nanoplastic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Busch
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerrit Bredeck
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angela A M Kämpfer
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Fernandes S, Nogueira V, Lourenço J, Mendo S, Pereira R. Inter-species bystander effect: Eisenia fetida and Enchytraeus albidus exposed to uranium and cadmium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 399:122972. [PMID: 32526440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The bystander effect is commonly defined as the observation of effects in nonirradiated cells and tissues when the later are in contact with irradiated cells/ tissues. More recently the occurrence of bystander effect between organisms of the same species has been also demonstrated. Nevertheless, there is limited knowledge about this effect between soil dwelling organisms from different taxonomic groups, as well as in response to stressors other than ionizing radiation. Moreover, data reporting this phenomenon for soil invertebrates are scarce. The results herein presented contribute for the understanding of the impacts of cadmium and uranium in the DNA integrity of two terrestrial oligochaetes species (Eisenia fetida and Enchytraeus albidus). The evaluation was based on the quantification of the effects in the DNA integrity of the coelomocytes using the alkaline comet assay technique. This work reports the existence of bystander signaling from terrestrial earthworms to enchytraeids and from enchytraeids to earthworms when the organisms were exposed to Cd. These results reinforce that the bystander effect seems to be related with the genotoxic activity of stressors, and not exclusive of radiotoxic contaminants. Further, the bystander effect occurs between different species and under real environmental conditions, even in complex matrices, as the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fernandes
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Center & Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto, Portugal.
| | - V Nogueira
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research and Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Lourenço
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - S Mendo
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - R Pereira
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Center & Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto, Portugal
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Hu M, Palić D. Micro- and nano-plastics activation of oxidative and inflammatory adverse outcome pathways. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101620. [PMID: 32863185 PMCID: PMC7767742 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have attracted considerable attention in the recent years as potential threats to the ecosystem and public health. This review summarizes current knowledge of pathological events triggered by micro- and nano-plastics (MP/NPs) with focus on oxidative damages at different levels of biological complexity (molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, individual and population). Based on published information, we matched the apical toxicity endpoints induced by MP/NPs with key event (KE) or adverse outcomes (AO) and categorized them according to the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) online knowledgebase. We used existing AOPs and applied them to highlight formal mechanistic links between identified KEs and AOs in two possible scenarios: first from ecological, and second from public health perspective. Ecological perspective AOP based literature analysis revealed that MP/NPs share formation of reactive oxygen species as their molecular initiating event, leading to adverse outcomes such as growth inhibition and behavior alteration through oxidative stress cascades and inflammatory responses. Application of AOP on literature data related to public health perspective of MP/NPs showed that oxidative stress and its responding pathways, including inflammatory responses, could play the role of key events. However insufficient information prevented precise definitions of AOPs at this level. To overcome this knowledge gap, further mammalian model and epidemiological studies are necessary to support development and construction of detailed AOPs with public health focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyan Hu
- Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Dušan Palić
- Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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Yuan P, Hu X, Zhou Q. The nanomaterial-induced bystander effects reprogrammed macrophage immune function and metabolic profile. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:1137-1155. [PMID: 32916084 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1817598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bystander effects in biological systems are the responses shown by nontargeted neighboring cells, and critical to the bio-nano interface interactions. In addition to direct effects, bystander effects also determine the design, applications and safety of nanomaterials, although the related information of nanomaterial-induced bystander effects remain largely unknown. A coculture system of A549 and THP-1 was established to mimic the lung microenvironment to study the bystander effects of WS2 nanosheets (representative transition-metal dichalcogenide nanosheets) on microenvironment macrophages during the inhalation exposure or the nanomaterial biomedical application in the lung. Lung cells exposed to WS2 nanosheet resulted in an increase in reactive oxygen species and the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential in neighboring macrophages. Bystander exposure also induced macrophage polarization toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, which is adverse to disease therapy. Metabolomics showed that WS2 nanosheets disturbed the energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism of macrophages, consistent with the metabolic characteristics of M2 macrophages. Nitric oxide-transforming growth factor-β1 played an important mediator in the bystander effects. Importantly, WS2 nanosheet bystander exposure affected macrophage phagocytosis and migration and altered the macrophage immune response to endotoxin. This study improves the current understanding of bio-nano interactions and highlights the importance of neighboring cell responses, allowing us to use the maximum benefits of nanomaterials while limiting their adverse bystander effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Shi XD, Tian YQ, Wu JL, Wang SY. Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of selenium nanoparticles conjugated with polysaccharides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2225-2236. [PMID: 32567982 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1774497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles with unique properties have potential applications in food, medicine, pharmacology, and agriculture industries. Accordingly, many significant researches have been conducted to develop novel nanoparticles using chemical and biological techniques. This review focuses on the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using polysaccharides as templates. Various instrumental techniques being used to confirm the formation of polysaccharide-SeNPs conjugates and characterize the properties of nanoparticles are also introduced. Finally, the biological activities of the synthesized SeNPs and the influence of structural factors of polysaccharides on the property of synthetic nanocomposites are highlighted. In general, the polysaccharides functionalized SeNPs can be easily obtained using sodium selenite as precursor and ascorbic acid as reductant. The final products having different particle size, morphology, and selenium content exhibit abundant physiological activities. Structural factors of polysacchairdes involving molecular weights, substitution of functional groups, and chain conformation play determinant roles on the properties of nanocomposites, resulting in different biological performances. The review on the achievements and current status of polysaccharides conjugated SeNPs provides insights into this exciting research topic for further studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Shi
- Institute of Food and Marine Bio-Resources, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong-Qi Tian
- Institute of Food and Marine Bio-Resources, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiu-Lin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shao-Yun Wang
- Institute of Food and Marine Bio-Resources, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
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Cui X, Bao L, Wang X, Chen C. The Nano-Intestine Interaction: Understanding the Location-Oriented Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials in the Intestine. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907665. [PMID: 32347646 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are used in food additives, food packages, and therapeutic purposes owing to their useful properties, Therefore, human beings are orally exposed to exogenous nanomaterials frequently, which means the intestine is one of the primary targets of nanomaterials. Consequently, it is of great importance to understand the interaction between nanomaterials and the intestine. When nanomaterials enter into gut lumen, they inevitably interact with various components and thereby display different effects on the intestine based on their locations; these are known as location-oriented effects (LOE). The intestinal LOE confer a new biological-effect profile for nanomaterials, which is dependent on the involvement of the following biological processes: nano-mucus interaction, nano-intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) interaction, nano-immune interaction, and nano-microbiota interaction. A deep understanding of NM-induced LOE will facilitate the design of safer NMs and the development of more efficient nanomedicine for intestine-related diseases. Herein, recent progress in this field is reviewed in order to better understand the LOE of nanomaterials. The distant effects of nanomaterials coupling with microbiota are also highlighted. Investigation of the interaction of nanomaterials with the intestine will stimulate other new research areas beyond intestinal nanotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lin Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong, 510700, China
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49
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Wu S, Wu M, Tian D, Qiu L, Li T. Effects of polystyrene microbeads on cytotoxicity and transcriptomic profiles in human Caco-2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:495-506. [PMID: 31797534 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution is a global paradigm that raises concern in relation to environment and human health. In order to investigate the molecular toxicity mechanisms of MPs, transcriptomic analyses were performed on in vitro Caco-2 cell model. After observing that polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, the responsible genes and involved pathways that might make contribution to PS-MBs-induced toxicity to Caco-2 cells were identified with Illumina RNA seq. A total of 442 genes including, 210 up-regulated ones and 232 down-regulated ones, showed differential expression after treatment by PS-MPs with a concentration of 12.5 mg L-1 or 50.0 mg L-1 for 24 hours. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation enriched unigenes can be grouped into three separated clusters: cellular component (CC), biological process (BP), and molecular function (MF). The dominate pathways related to NF-κB, MAPK signaling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and toll-like receptor were strongly influenced by PS-MBs. These pathways are involved in modulating cell inflammatory and proliferation. The qPCR were applied to investigate the transcriptional level of five proliferation related genes (Ras, ERK, MER, CDK4, Cyclin D1) and four inflammation related genes (TRPV1, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-8), and the results were consistent with RNA-seq data. This study has provided new insight into the understanding of the toxicity effects of PS-MBs-induced intestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongcan Tian
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lequan Qiu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Li
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Yuan X, Nie W, He Z, Yang J, Shao B, Ma X, Zhang X, Bi Z, Sun L, Liang X, Tie Y, Liu Y, Mo F, Xie D, Wei Y, Wei X. Carbon black nanoparticles induce cell necrosis through lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cause subsequent inflammatory response. Theranostics 2020; 10:4589-4605. [PMID: 32292516 PMCID: PMC7150486 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The adverse health effects of nano-particulate pollutants have attracted much attention in recent years. Carbon nanomaterials are recognized as risk factors for prolonged inflammatory responses and diffuse alveolar injury. Previous research indicated a central role of alveolar macrophages in the pathogenesis of particle-related lung disease, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were intratracheally instilled with carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs). Cell necrosis and the infiltrated neutrophils in the lungs were detected by flow cytometry. Release of mitochondria was observed with Mito Tracker and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was quantified by qPCR via Taqman probes. TLR9-p38 MAPK signaling pathway was detected by Western blotting. The production of lipid chemoattractant leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in the supernatant and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was quantitated using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Results: In the present study, we found that a single instillation of CBNPs induced neutrophil influx in C57BL/6 mice as early as 4 h post-exposure following the rapid appearance of cell damage indicators in BALF at 30 min. Macrophages exposed to CBNPs showed necrotic features and were characterized by lysosome rupture, cathepsin B release, reactive oxygen species generation, and reduced intracellular ATP level. Necrosis was partly inhibited by a specific lysosomal cathepsin B inhibitor CA074 Me. Further analyses suggested that the resulting leakage of mtDNA from the necrotic cells activated neutrophils and triggered severe inflammation in vivo. Pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation induced by mtDNA was reduced in TLR9-/- mice. Additionally, mtDNA induced LTB4 production from macrophages, which may contribute to neutrophil recruitment. Conclusion: We demonstrated here that CBNPs induce acute cell necrosis through lysosomal rupture and that mtDNA released from necrotic cells functions as a key event mediating pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation. This study described a novel aspect of the pathogenesis of particle-induced inflammatory response and provided a possible therapeutic target for the regulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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