1
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Choi Y, Lee MJ, Kim D, Kim SJ, Kim TH, Jeong B, Li OL, Kim HD. Liquid Nitrogen Exfoliation and Nanodispersion of WS 2 for Thermocatalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39374266 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c11888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
The efficient and clean exfoliation of single and/or few-layer nanosheets of WS2, a two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides, remains a significant challenge. In this study, a simple exfoliation method was proposed to produce ultrathin WS2 nanosheets by combining the liquid nitrogen exfoliation and nanodispersion techniques. This approach efficiently exfoliated WS2 into several layers of nanosheets via rapid temperature changes and mechanical stress without inducing defects or contamination. After five cycles of heating/liquid nitrogen and nanodispersion, the resulting WS2 nanosheets (WS2-5N ND) were confirmed to have been successfully exfoliated into 1-4 layers. When applied as a promoter in a thermocatalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NOX using NH3, 2V3WS2/Ti (WS2-5N ND) exhibited excellent NOX conversion and N2 selectivity, along with excellent durability even in the presence of SO2. This result was greater than 2V3WS2/Ti (WS2-5N) subjected to only liquid nitrogen exfoliation, proving the importance of the simultaneous action of both methods. This method is expected to be an important contribution to ongoing research on high-performance WS2-based catalysts, thereby opening up potential opportunities for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Choi
- Ulsan Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ulsan 44413, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeung-Jin Lee
- Ulsan Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ulsan 44413, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyeok Kim
- Ulsan Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ulsan 44413, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- Ulsan Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ulsan 44413, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- Ulsan Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ulsan 44413, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Jeong
- Ulsan Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ulsan 44413, Republic of Korea
| | - Oi Lun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Dae Kim
- Ulsan Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ulsan 44413, Republic of Korea
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2
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Zhang Z, Hocking M, Peng Z, Pendharkar M, Courtney EDS, Hu J, Kastner MA, Goldhaber-Gordon D, Heinz TF, Mannix AJ. Phase-Selective Synthesis of Rhombohedral WS 2 Multilayers by Confined-Space Hybrid Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 39373237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Rhombohedral polytype transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) multilayers exhibit non-centrosymmetric interlayer stacking, which yields intriguing properties such as ferroelectricity, a large second-order susceptibility coefficient χ(2), giant valley coherence, and a bulk photovoltaic effect. These properties have spurred significant interest in developing phase-selective growth methods for multilayer rhombohedral TMDC films. Here, we report a confined-space, hybrid metal-organic chemical vapor deposition method that preferentially grows 3R-WS2 multilayer films with thickness up to 130 nm. We confirm the 3R stacking structure via polarization-resolved second-harmonic generation characterization and the 3-fold symmetry revealed by anisotropic H2O2 etching. The multilayer 3R WS2 shows a dendritic morphology, which is indicative of diffusion-limited growth. Multilayer regions with large, stepped terraces enable layer-resolved evaluation of the optical properties of 3R-WS2 via Raman, photoluminescence, and differential reflectance spectroscopy. These measurements confirm the interfacial quality and suggest ferroelectric modification of the exciton energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhepeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Marisa Hocking
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Zhenghan Peng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Mihir Pendharkar
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Elijah David Solomon Courtney
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jenny Hu
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Marc A Kastner
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David Goldhaber-Gordon
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Tony F Heinz
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Photon Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Andrew J Mannix
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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3
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Cui M, Zhang J, Han P, Shi L, Li X, Zhang Z, Bao H, Ma Y, Tao Z, Dong X, Fu L, Wu Y. Two-dimensional nanomaterials: A multifunctional approach for robust for diabetic wound repair. Mater Today Bio 2024; 28:101186. [PMID: 39221220 PMCID: PMC11364902 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wounds pose a clinical challenge due to persistent inflammation, severe bacterial infections, inadequate vascularization, and pronounced oxidative stress. Current therapeutic modalities fail to provide satisfactory outcomes in managing these conditions, resulting in considerable patient distress. Two-dimensional nanomaterials (2DNMs), characterized by their unique nanosheet structures, expansive surface areas, and remarkable physicochemical properties, have garnered considerable attention for their potential in therapeutic applications. Emerging 2DNMs can be loaded with various pharmacological agents, including small molecules, metal ions, and liposomes. Moreover, they can be integrated with various biomaterials such as hydrogels, microneedles, and microspheres, thus demonstrating unprecedented advantages in expediting the healing process of diabetic wounds. Moreover, 2DNMs exhibit exceptional performance characteristics, including high biocompatibility, effective antimicrobial properties, optimal phototherapeutic effects, and enhanced electrostimulation capabilities. These properties enable them to modulate the wound microenvironment, leading to widespread application in tissue repair with remarkable outcomes. This review delineates several emerging 2DNMs, such as graphene and its derivatives, black phosphorus, MXenes, and transition metal dichalcogenides, in the context of diabetic wound repair. Furthermore, it elucidates the translational challenges and future perspectives of 2DNMs in wound healing treatments. Overall, 2DNMs present a highly promising strategy for ameliorating diabetic wounds, thus providing novel avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in diabetic wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Medical & Health Group Quzhou Hospital, Quzhou, 324004, China
| | - Pengfei Han
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Ling Shi
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Quzhou Afiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Quzhou People's Hospital), Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Haihua Bao
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Yubo Ma
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Ziwei Tao
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xianghui Dong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
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4
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Prakash O, T A, Nagpal P, Perumal V, Karak S, Singh UB, Ghosh S. Highly sensitive label-free biomolecular detection using Au-WS 2 nanohybrid based SERS substrates. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024:d4na00464g. [PMID: 39372440 PMCID: PMC11447697 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00464g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based rapid and low-cost technologies for ultra-sensitive label-free detection and identification of molecular analytes. Herein, we utilized the synergistic plasmonic and chemical enhancement effects of Au-WS2 nanohybrids to attain the high-intensity Raman signals of targeted analytes. To develop these nanohybrids, a series of monodispersed Au nanoparticles (NPs) of varying diameters from 20 to 80 nm was chemically synthesized and successively blended with liquid-phase exfoliated WS2 nano-flakes of average lateral size 90 nm. They provided a maximum enhancement factor (EF) of ∼1.80 × 109 corresponding to the characteristic peaks at 1364 cm-1 and 1512 cm-1 for R6G analyte molecules. Theoretical studies based on the finite-difference time-domain simulations on Au-WS2 nanohybrid systems revealed a huge field-intensity enhancement with an EF of more than 1000 at the plasmonic hotspots, which was induced by the strong coupling of individual plasmon oscillations of the adjacent Au NPs upon light interactions. These electromagnetic effects along with the chemical enhancement effects of WS2 nanoflakes were found to be mainly responsible for such huge enhancement in Raman signals. Furthermore, these hybrids were successfully employed for achieving highly sensitive detection of the E. coli ATCC 35218 bacterial strain with a concentration of 104 CFU mL-1 in phosphate-buffered saline media, indicating their real capabilities for practical scenarios. The findings of the present study will indeed provide vital information in the development of innovative nanomaterial-based biosensors, that will offer new possibilities for addressing critical public health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash
- Nanostech Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Abhijith T
- Organic and Hybrid Electronic Device Laboratory, Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies Peelamedu Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 641004 India
| | - Priya Nagpal
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Vivekanandan Perumal
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Supravat Karak
- Organic and Hybrid Electronic Device Laboratory, Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Udai B Singh
- Department of Physics, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University Gorakhpur 273009 India
| | - Santanu Ghosh
- Nanostech Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India
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5
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Majumdar D. 2D Material-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Platforms (Either Alone or in Nanocomposite Form)-From a Chemical Enhancement Perspective. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:40242-40258. [PMID: 39346812 PMCID: PMC11425813 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c06398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a vibrational spectroscopic technique with molecular fingerprinting capability and high sensitivity, even down to the single-molecule level. As it is 50 years since the observation of the phenomenon, it has now become an important task to discuss the challenges in this field and determine the areas of development. Electromagnetic enhancement has a mature theoretical explanation, while a chemical mechanism which involves more complex interactions has been difficult to elucidate until recently. This article focuses on the 2D material-based platforms where chemical enhancement (CE) is a significant contributor to SERS. In the context of a diverse range (transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, etc.) and categories (insulating, semiconducting, semimetallic, and metallic) of 2D materials, the review aims to realize the influence of various factors on SERS response such as substrates (layer thickness, structural phase, etc.), analytes (energy levels, molecular orientation, etc.), excitation wavelengths, molecular resonances, charge-transfer transitions, dipole interactions, etc. Some examples of special treatments or approaches have been outlined for overcoming well-known limitations of SERS and include how CE benefits from the defect-induced physicochemical changes to 2D materials mostly via the charge-transport ability or surface interaction efficiency. The review may help readers understand different phenomena involved in CE and broaden the substrate-designing approaches based on a diverse set of 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Majumdar
- Satyendra Nath Bose National Centre
for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
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6
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Michail A, Yang JA, Filintoglou K, Balakeras N, Nattoo CA, Bailey CS, Daus A, Parthenios J, Pop E, Papagelis K. Biaxial Strain Transfer in Monolayer MoS 2 and WSe 2 Transistor Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:49602-49611. [PMID: 39226175 PMCID: PMC11420877 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides are intensely explored as active materials in 2D material-based devices due to their potential to overcome device size limitations, sub-nanometric thickness, and robust mechanical properties. Considering their large band gap sensitivity to mechanical strain, single-layered TMDs are well-suited for strain-engineered devices. While the impact of various types of mechanical strain on the properties of a variety of TMDs has been studied in the past, TMD-based devices have rarely been studied under mechanical deformations, with uniaxial strain being the most common one. Biaxial strain on the other hand, which is an important mode of deformation, remains scarcely studied as far as 2D material devices are concerned. Here, we study the strain transfer efficiency in MoS2- and WSe2-based flexible transistor structures under biaxial deformation. Utilizing Raman spectroscopy, we identify that strains as high as 0.55% can be efficiently and homogeneously transferred from the substrate to the material in the transistor channel. In particular, for the WSe2 transistors, we capture the strain dependence of the higher-order Raman modes and show that they are up to five times more sensitive compared to the first-order ones. Our work demonstrates Raman spectroscopy as a nondestructive probe for strain detection in 2D material-based flexible electronics and deepens our understanding of the strain transfer effects on 2D TMD devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Michail
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH - ICE/HT), Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Jerry A Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kyriakos Filintoglou
- School of Physics, Department of Solid State Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Balakeras
- School of Physics, Department of Solid State Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Crystal Alicia Nattoo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Connor Scott Bailey
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Alwin Daus
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - John Parthenios
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH - ICE/HT), Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Eric Pop
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Konstantinos Papagelis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH - ICE/HT), Patras 26504, Greece
- School of Physics, Department of Solid State Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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7
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Ge M, Chu L, Zeng F, Cao Z, Zhang J. First-principles study of valley splitting of transition-metal dichalcogenides in MX 2/CrI 3 (M = W, Mo; X = S, Se, Te) van der Waals heterostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:23784-23791. [PMID: 39229752 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02486a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
The rapid development of valleytronics makes the application of two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in valley electronics important. As a new degree of freedom, valley splitting of TMDs has been achieved and tuned by many methods. Among them, using the magnetic proximity effect (MPE) generated from the interface of 2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures stacked with TMDs and one magnetic substrate, valley splitting can be achieved through band edge lifting at the adjacent K/K' valley. However, the comprehensive mechanism and strategy of valley splitting in 2D TMD heterostructures need to be explored ulteriorly. Here, we systematically investigated valley splitting of MX2 in MX2/CrI3 (M = W, Mo; X = S, Se, Te) vdW heterostructures using first-principles approaches. We demonstrated that twisting is an effective method to enhance valley splitting in MX2/CrI3 vdW heterostructures. Furthermore, we also showed a ∼10 times enhancement in valley splitting by changing the stacking patterns between WTe2 and CrI3 layers. We attribute this to the interlayer magnetic and electronic coupling between the two layers of the vdW heterostructure. The present results provide a theoretical basis and effective methods for tuning valley splitting 2D TMD heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ge
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
| | - Leiting Chu
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Fanmin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Zhongyin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
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8
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Zhang Z, Hoang L, Hocking M, Peng Z, Hu J, Zaborski G, Reddy PD, Dollard J, Goldhaber-Gordon D, Heinz TF, Pop E, Mannix AJ. Chemically Tailored Growth of 2D Semiconductors via Hybrid Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS NANO 2024; 18:25414-25424. [PMID: 39230253 PMCID: PMC11412230 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are an exciting platform for excitonic physics and next-generation electronics, creating a strong demand to understand their growth, doping, and heterostructures. Despite significant progress in solid-source (SS-) and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), further optimization is necessary to grow highly crystalline 2D TMDCs with controlled doping. Here, we report a hybrid MOCVD growth method that combines liquid-phase metal precursor deposition and vapor-phase organo-chalcogen delivery to leverage the advantages of both MOCVD and SS-CVD. Using our hybrid approach, we demonstrate WS2 growth with tunable morphologies─from separated single-crystal domains to continuous monolayer films─on a variety of substrates, including sapphire, SiO2, and Au. These WS2 films exhibit narrow neutral exciton photoluminescence line widths down to 27-28 meV and room-temperature mobility up to 34-36 cm2 V-1 s-1. Through simple modifications to the liquid precursor composition, we demonstrate the growth of V-doped WS2, MoxW1-xS2 alloys, and in-plane WS2-MoS2 heterostructures. This work presents an efficient approach for addressing a variety of TMDC synthesis needs on a laboratory scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhepeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lauren Hoang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Marisa Hocking
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhenghan Peng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jenny Hu
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Gregory Zaborski
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Pooja D Reddy
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Johnny Dollard
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - David Goldhaber-Gordon
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Tony F Heinz
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Photon Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric Pop
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Andrew J Mannix
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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9
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Fan Y, Shen Y, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Li H, Peng Y, Weng J, Xie R, Zhang W, Han Y, Xiao Y, Zhang S, Zheng B, Zhang HL, Li S, Huang W, Huo F, Zhang W. Wedging crystals to fabricate crystalline framework nanosheets via mechanochemistry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6973. [PMID: 39143058 PMCID: PMC11324900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry studies the effect of mechanical force on chemical bonds, bringing opportunities for synthesizing alloys, ceramics, organics, polymers, and biomaterials. A vital issue of applying macro-scale mechanical force to manipulate crystal structures is finding ways to precisely adjust the force directions to break micro-scale target chemical bonds. Inspired by a common technique of driving a wedge into the wood to make wood chopping much easier, a wedging strategy of splitting three-dimensional structured crystalline frameworks and then converting them to nanosheets was proposed, where specific molecules were wedged into crystalline frameworks to drive the directional transmission of mechanical force to break chemical bonds. As a result, various crystalline framework nanosheets including metal-organic framework nanosheets, covalent organic framework nanosheets, and coordination polymer nanosheets were fabricated. This wedging crystal strategy exhibits advantages of operability, flexibility and designability, and furthermore, it is expected to expand mechanochemistry applications in material preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xinglong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zeqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yong Peng
- School of Materials and Energy and Electron Microscopy Centre of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiena Weng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Ruijie Xie
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Wenlei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yu Han
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yawen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Suoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Bing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Fengwei Huo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Weina Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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10
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Kim H, Adinolfi V, Lee SH. Photoluminescence of Chemically and Electrically Doped Two-Dimensional Monolayer Semiconductors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3962. [PMID: 39203138 PMCID: PMC11356262 DOI: 10.3390/ma17163962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers exhibit unique physical properties, such as self-terminating surfaces, a direct bandgap, and near-unity photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY), which make them attractive for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Surface charge transfer has been widely used as a technique to control the concentration of free charge in 2D semiconductors, but its estimation and the impact on the optoelectronic properties of the material remain a challenge. In this work, we investigate the optical properties of a WS2 monolayer under three different doping approaches: benzyl viologen (BV), potassium (K), and electrostatic doping. Owing to the excitonic nature of 2D TMDC monolayers, the PL of the doped WS2 monolayer exhibits redshift and a decrease in intensity, which is evidenced by the increase in trion population. The electron concentrations of 3.79×1013 cm-2, 6.21×1013 cm-2, and 3.12×1012 cm-2 were measured for WS2 monolayers doped with BV, K, and electrostatic doping, respectively. PL offers a direct and versatile approach to probe the doping effect, allowing for the measurement of carrier concentration in 2D monolayer semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Valerio Adinolfi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Sin-Hyung Lee
- Department of Intelligent Semiconductor Engineering, School of Advanced Fusion Studies, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
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11
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Qin S, Zhu H, Ren Z, Zhai Y, Wang Y, Liu M, Lai W, Rahimi-Iman A, Zhao S, Wu H. Floating-gate memristor based on a MoS 2/h-BN/AuNPs mixed-dimensional heterostructure. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:425202. [PMID: 38941985 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad5cfc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Memristors have recently received substantial attention because of their promising and unique emerging applications in neuromorphic computing, which can achieve gains in computation speed by mimicking the topology of the brain in electronic circuits. Traditional memristors made of bulk MoO3and HfO2, for example, suffer from a low switching ratio and poor durability and stability. In this work, a floating-gate memristor is developed based on a mixed-dimensional heterostructure comprising two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and zero-dimensional (0D) Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) separated by an insulating hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) layer (MoS2/h-BN/AuNPs). We find that under the modulation of back-gate voltages, the MoS2/h-BN/AuNPs device operates reliably between a high-resistance state (HRS) and a low-resistance state (LRS) and shows multiple stable LRS states, demonstrating the excellent potential of our memristor in multibit storage applications. The modulation effect can be attributed to electron quantum tunneling between the AuNP charge-trapping layer and the MoS2channel. Our memristor exhibits excellent durability and stability: the HRS and LRS are retained for more than 104s without obvious degradation and the on/off ratio is >104after more than 3000 switching cycles. We also demonstrate frequency-dependent memory properties upon stimulation with electrical and optical pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Qin
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Devices, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Devices, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Ren
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Devices, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihui Zhai
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Devices, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Devices, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjuan Liu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Devices, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Weien Lai
- National Engineering Laboratory of Special Display Technology, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Technology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Arash Rahimi-Iman
- Physics Institute, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sihan Zhao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Devices, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhen Wu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Devices, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China
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12
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Blaga C, Labordet Álvarez Á, Balgarkashi A, Banerjee M, Fontcuberta I Morral A, Dimitrievska M. Unveiling the complex phonon nature and phonon cascades in 1L to 5L WSe 2 using multiwavelength excitation Raman scattering. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024:d4na00399c. [PMID: 39157051 PMCID: PMC11325308 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00399c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Tungsten diselenide (WSe2) is a 2D semiconducting material, promising for novel optoelectronic and phononic applications. WSe2 has complex lattice dynamics and phonon structure. Numerous discrepancies in the literature exist regarding the interpretation and identification of phonon modes. This work presents a complete investigation of the vibrational properties of 1L to 5L flakes and bulk WSe2 using multi-wavelength Raman spectroscopy. We especially highlight measurements using 785 nm excitation, which have not been performed before. These allow us to solve inconsistences in the literature in terms of defect-activated non-Γ point single phonon modes and Breit-Wigner-Fano type resonance. We identify 35 Raman peaks per flake thickness, which we attribute to either one-phonon or multi-phonon modes, including two-phonon scattering due to a van Hove singularity (vHs). The measurements are in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions. Using photoluminescence measurements, we identify photon-exciton coupling leading to resonant Raman scattering, suggesting wavelength laser excitations best suited for further investigations of specific WSe2 flake thicknesses. Finally, we report the observation of phonon-cascades for all WSe2 flake thicknesses, indicating strong phonon-electron interactions during early carrier relaxation processes in WSe2. This research provides a solid foundation and reference for future investigations of the vibrational properties of WSe2, paving the way for further development of this material towards applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Blaga
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Ángel Labordet Álvarez
- Nanomaterials Spectroscopy and Imaging Group, Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology (EMPA) Ueberlandstrasse 129 8600 Duebendorf Switzerland
| | - Akshay Balgarkashi
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Mitali Banerjee
- Laboratory of Quantum Physics, Topology and Correlations, Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Anna Fontcuberta I Morral
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Mirjana Dimitrievska
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Nanomaterials Spectroscopy and Imaging Group, Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology (EMPA) Ueberlandstrasse 129 8600 Duebendorf Switzerland
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13
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Wang H, Zhang Z, Huang W, Chen P, He Y, Ming Z, Wang Y, Cheng Z, Shen J, Zhang Z. Programmable Optical Encryption Based on Electrical-Field-Controlled Exciton-Trion Transitions in Monolayer WS 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39047193 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Optical encryption is receiving much attention with the rapid growth of information technology. Conventional optical encryption usually relies on specific configurations, such as metasurface-based holograms and structure colors, not meeting the requirements of increasing dynamic and programmable encryption. Here, we report a programmable optical encryption approach using WS2/SiO2/Au metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices, which is based on the electrical-field-controlled exciton-trion transitions in monolayer WS2. The modulation depth of the MOS device reflection amplitude up to 25% related to the excitons ensures the fidelity of information, and the decryption based on the near excitonic resonance assures security. With such devices, we successfully demonstrate their applications in real-time encryption of ASCII codes and visual images. For the latter, it can be implemented at the pixel level. The strategy shows significant potential for low-cost, low-energy-consumption, easily integrated, and high-security programmable optical encryptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wentao Huang
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Penghao Chen
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yaping He
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ziyu Ming
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zengguang Cheng
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiabin Shen
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zengxing Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- National Integrated Circuit Innovation Center, Shanghai 201203, China
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14
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Jin L, Wen J, Odlyzko M, Seaton N, Li R, Haratipour N, Koester SJ. High-Performance WS 2 MOSFETs with Bilayer WS 2 Contacts. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:32159-32166. [PMID: 39072129 PMCID: PMC11270543 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
WS2 is a promising transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) for use as a channel material in extreme-scaled metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) due to its monolayer thickness, high carrier mobility, and its potential for symmetric n-type and p-type MOSFET performance. However, the formation of stable, low-barrier-height contacts to monolayer TMDCs continues to be a challenge. This study introduces an innovative approach to realize high-performance WS2 MOSFETs by utilizing bilayer WS2 (2L-WS2) in the contact region grown through a two-step chemical vapor deposition process. The 2L-WS2 devices demonstrate a high I ON/I OFF ratio of 108 and a saturated drain current, I D(SAT), of 280 μA/μm (386 μA/μm) at room temperature (78 K), even while still using conventional metal (Pd or Ni) contacts. Devices featuring a 1L-WS2 channel and 2L-WS2 in the contact regions were also fabricated, and they exhibited performance comparable to that of 2L-WS2 devices. The devices also exhibit good stability with nearly identical performance after storage over a 13 month period. The study highlights the benefits of a hybrid channel thickness approach for TMDC transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jiaxuan Wen
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Michael Odlyzko
- College
of Science and Engineering Characterization Facility, Shepherd Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 100 Union St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nicholas Seaton
- College
of Science and Engineering Characterization Facility, Shepherd Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 100 Union St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ruixue Li
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nazila Haratipour
- Components
Research, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, Oregon 97124, United States
| | - Steven J. Koester
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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15
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Han H, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Liu C, Singh AK, Song A, Li Y, Jin J, Zhang J. Light-Triggered Anti-ambipolar Transistor Based on an In-Plane Lateral Homojunction. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:8602-8608. [PMID: 38954477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Currently, the construction of anti-ambipolar transistors (AATs) is primarily based on asymmetric heterostructures, which are challenging to fabricate. AATs used for photodetection are accompanied by dark currents that prove difficult to suppress, resulting in reduced sensitivity. This work presents light-triggered AATs based on an in-plane lateral WSe2 homojunction without van der Waals heterostructures. In this device, the WSe2 channel is partially electrically controlled by the back gate due to the screening effect of the bottom electrode, resulting in a homojunction that is dynamically modulated with gate voltage, exhibiting electrostatically reconfigurable and light-triggered anti-ambipolar behaviors. It exhibits high responsivity (188 A/W) and detectivity (8.94 × 1014 Jones) under 635 nm illumination with a low power density of 0.23 μW/cm2, promising a new approach to low-power, high-performance photodetectors. Moreover, the device demonstrates efficient self-driven photodetection. Furthermore, ternary inverters are realized using monolithic WSe2, simplifying the manufacturing of multivalued logic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hecheng Han
- Shandong Technology Center of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Integrated Circuit, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Baoqing Zhang
- Shandong Technology Center of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Integrated Circuit, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Shandong Technology Center of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Integrated Circuit, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Shandong Technology Center of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Integrated Circuit, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Aimin Song
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Institute of Nanoscience and Applications, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Shandong Technology Center of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Integrated Circuit, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Jidong Jin
- Department of Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Shandong Technology Center of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Integrated Circuit, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
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16
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Varghese A, Pandey AH, Sharma P, Yin Y, Medhekar NV, Lodha S. Electrically Controlled High Sensitivity Strain Modulation in MoS 2 Field-Effect Transistors via a Piezoelectric Thin Film on Silicon Substrates. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:8472-8480. [PMID: 38950892 PMCID: PMC11262308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Strain can modulate bandgap and carrier mobilities in two-dimensional (2D) materials. Conventional strain-application methodologies relying on flexible/patterned/nanoindented substrates are limited by low thermal tolerance, poor tunability, and/or scalability. Here, we leverage the converse piezoelectric effect to electrically generate and control strain transfer from a piezoelectric thin film to electromechanically coupled 2D MoS2. Electrical bias polarity change across the piezo film tunes the nature of strain transferred to MoS2 from compressive (∼0.23%) to tensile (∼0.14%) as verified through Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies and substantiated by density functional theory calculations. The device architecture, on silicon substrate, integrates an MoS2 field-effect transistor on a metal-piezoelectric-metal stack enabling strain modulation of transistor drain current (130×), on/off ratio (150×), and mobility (1.19×) with high precision, reversibility, and resolution. Large, tunable tensile (1056) and compressive (-1498) strain gauge factors, electrical strain modulation, and high thermal tolerance promise facile integration with silicon-based CMOS and micro-electromechanical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abin Varghese
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- IITB-Monash
Research Academy, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Adityanarayan H. Pandey
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Yuefeng Yin
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Nikhil V. Medhekar
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Saurabh Lodha
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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17
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Li C, Sang D, Ge S, Zou L, Wang Q. Recent Excellent Optoelectronic Applications Based on Two-Dimensional WS 2 Nanomaterials: A Review. Molecules 2024; 29:3341. [PMID: 39064919 PMCID: PMC11280397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tungsten disulfide (WS2) is a promising material with excellent electrical, magnetic, optical, and mechanical properties. It is regarded as a key candidate for the development of optoelectronic devices due to its high carrier mobility, high absorption coefficient, large exciton binding energy, polarized light emission, high surface-to-volume ratio, and tunable band gap. These properties contribute to its excellent photoluminescence and high anisotropy. These characteristics render WS2 an advantageous material for applications in light-emitting devices, memristors, and numerous other devices. This article primarily reviews the most recent advancements in the field of optoelectronic devices based on two-dimensional (2D) nano-WS2. A variety of advanced devices have been considered, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), sensors, field-effect transistors (FETs), photodetectors, field emission devices, and non-volatile memory. This review provides a guide for improving the application of 2D WS2 through improved methods, such as introducing defects and doping processes. Moreover, it is of great significance for the development of transition-metal oxides in optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dandan Sang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | | | | | - Qinglin Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
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18
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de Simoni B, Rybak M, Antonatos N, Herman AP, Ciesiołkiewicz K, Tołłoczko AK, Peter M, Piejko A, Mosina K, Sofer Z, Kudrawiec R. Electronic Band Structure and Optical Properties of HgPS 3 Crystal and Layers. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:9270-9280. [PMID: 38864003 PMCID: PMC11163980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal thiophosphates (MPS3) are of great interest due to their layered structure and magnetic properties. Although HgPS3 may not exhibit magnetic properties, its uniqueness lies in its triclinic crystal structure and in the substantial mass of mercury, rendering it a compelling subject for exploration in terms of fundamental properties. In this work, we present comprehensive experimental and theoretical studies of the electronic band structure and optical properties for the HgPS3 crystal and mechanically exfoliated layers from a solid crystal. Based on absorption, reflectance and photoluminescence measurements supported by theoretical calculations, it is shown that the HgPS3 crystal has an indirect gap of 2.68 eV at room temperature. The direct gap is identified at the Γ point of the Brillouin zone (BZ) ≈ 50 meV above the indirect gap. The optical transition at the Γ point is forbidden due to selection rules, but the oscillator strength near the Γ point increases rapidly and therefore the direct optical transitions are visible in the reflectance spectra approximately at 60-120 meV above the absorption edge, across the temperature range of 40 to 300 K. The indirect nature of the bandgap and the selection rules for Γ point contribute to the absence of near-bandgap emission in HgPS3. Consequently, the photoluminescence spectrum is primarily governed by defect-related emission. The electronic band structure of HgPS3 undergoes significant changes when the crystal thickness is reduced to tri- and bilayers, resulting in a direct bandgap. Interestingly, in the monolayer regime, the fundamental transition is again indirect. The layered structure of the HgPS3 crystal was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by mechanical exfoliation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de Simoni
- Department
of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Miłosz Rybak
- Department
of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Nikolas Antonatos
- Department
of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology, 5 Technická, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Artur P. Herman
- Department
of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Ciesiołkiewicz
- Department
of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata K. Tołłoczko
- Department
of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej Peter
- Department
of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adrianna Piejko
- Department
of Nanometrology, Wroclaw University of
Science and Technology, Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kseniia Mosina
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology, 5 Technická, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology, 5 Technická, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Kudrawiec
- Department
of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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19
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Pradhan A, Alboteanu G, Ya'akobovitz A, Niv A. Toward Monolayered Solar Cells: Luminescence Properties and Light Soaking in TMDs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:28435-28440. [PMID: 38768216 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The optical and photonic characteristics of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) play a pivotal role in their functionality as solar cell materials, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and other electro-optical applications. In this study, we reveal the impact of prolonged illumination on the luminescence properties and Raman spectra of monolayered MoS2 and WS2─a process known as "light soaking". We find a light-induced transition from the physisorption to the chemisorption of ambient O2 and H2O molecules. In parallel, we observe the activation and passivation of defect sites in the samples (depending on their initial defect density), which is attributed to the adsorbed ambient molecules and the resulting light-driven interactions with defect sites. Thus, we can control the active defect density of monolayered TMDs and shed light on the fundamental mechanisms underlying their luminescence properties. Therefore, this work clarifies the source of changes to the luminescence properties of TMDs and opens the path toward their integration into advanced applications that may be affected by light soaking, such as solar cells and energy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anway Pradhan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8499000, Israel
| | - Guy Alboteanu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8499000, Israel
| | - Assaf Ya'akobovitz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8499000, Israel
| | - Avi Niv
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8499000, Israel
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20
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Ağırcan H, Convertino D, Rossi A, Martini L, Pace S, Mishra N, Küster K, Starke U, Kartal Şireli G, Coletti C, Forti S. Determination and investigation of defect domains in multi-shape monolayer tungsten disulfide. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:2850-2859. [PMID: 38817435 PMCID: PMC11134227 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00125g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Single-layer tungsten disulfide (WS2) is among the most widely investigated two-dimensional materials. Synthesizing it over large areas would enable the exploitation of its appealing optical and electronic properties in industrial applications. However, defects of different nature, concentration and distribution profoundly affect the optical as well as the electronic properties of this crystal. Controlling the defect density distribution can be an effective way to tailor the local dielectric environment and therefore the electronic properties of the system. In this work we investigate the defects in single-layer WS2, grown in different shapes by liquid phase chemical vapor deposition, where the concentration of certain defect species can be controlled by the growth conditions. The properties of the material are surveyed by means of optical spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy. We determine the chemical nature of the defects and study their influence on the optical and electronic properties of WS2. This work contributes to the understanding of the microscopic nature of the intrinsic defects in WS2, helping the development of defect-based technologies which rely on the control and engineering of defects in dielectric 2D crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ağırcan
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro 12 I-56127 Pisa Italy
- Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Istanbul Technical University 34469 Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - D Convertino
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro 12 I-56127 Pisa Italy
| | - A Rossi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro 12 I-56127 Pisa Italy
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - L Martini
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro 12 I-56127 Pisa Italy
| | - S Pace
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro 12 I-56127 Pisa Italy
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - N Mishra
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro 12 I-56127 Pisa Italy
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - K Küster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung Heisenbergstr. 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - U Starke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung Heisenbergstr. 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - G Kartal Şireli
- Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Istanbul Technical University 34469 Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - C Coletti
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro 12 I-56127 Pisa Italy
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - S Forti
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro 12 I-56127 Pisa Italy
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21
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Patel RP, Shah PV, Siraj S, Sahatiya P, Pataniya PM, Sumesh CK. Fabrication of a wearable and foldable photodetector based on a WSe 2-MXene 2D-2D heterostructure using a scalable handprint technique. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10011-10029. [PMID: 38700054 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00615a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Several studies on semiconductor material-based single-band, high-performance photosensitive, and chemically stable photodetectors are available; however, the lack of broad spectral response, device flexibility, and biodegradability prevents them from being used in wearable and flexible electronics. Apart from that, the selection of the device fabrication technique is a very crucial factor nowadays in terms of equipment utilization and environmental friendliness. This report presents a study demonstrating a straightforward solvent- and equipment-free handprint technique for the fabrication of WSe2-Ti3C2TX flexible, biodegradable, robust, and broadband (Vis-NIR) photodetectors. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV-visible spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirm the formation of a WSe2-Ti3C2TX film. The WSe2-Ti3C2TX van der Waals heterostructure plays a key role in enhancing the optoelectrical properties. The as-prepared photodetector exhibits efficient broadband response with a photoresponsivity and a detectivity of 0.3 mA W-1 and 6.8 × 1010 Jones, respectively, under NIR (780 nm) irradiation (1.0 V bias). Under various pressure and temperature conditions, the device's flexibility and durability were tested. The biodegradable photodetector prepared through the solvent- and equipment-free handprint technique has the potential to attract significant interest in wearable and flexible electronics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul P Patel
- Department of Physical Sciences, P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT, Changa, Gujarat, India.
| | - Parth V Shah
- Department of Physical Sciences, P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT, Changa, Gujarat, India.
| | - Sohel Siraj
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, BITS Pilani Hyderabad, Secunderabad-500078, India
| | - Parikshit Sahatiya
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, BITS Pilani Hyderabad, Secunderabad-500078, India
| | - Pratik M Pataniya
- Department of Physical Sciences, P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT, Changa, Gujarat, India.
| | - C K Sumesh
- Department of Physical Sciences, P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT, Changa, Gujarat, India.
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22
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Huang S, Bai J, Long H, Yang S, Chen W, Wang Q, Sa B, Guo Z, Zheng J, Pei J, Du KZ, Zhan H. Thermally Activated Photoluminescence Induced by Tunable Interlayer Interactions in Naturally Occurring van der Waals Superlattice SnS/TiS 2. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6061-6068. [PMID: 38728017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
van der Waals (vdW) superlattices, comprising different 2D materials aligned alternately by weak interlayer interactions, offer versatile structures for the fabrication of novel semiconductor devices. Despite their potential, the precise control of optoelectronic properties with interlayer interactions remains challenging. Here, we investigate the discrepancies between the SnS/TiS2 superlattice (SnTiS3) and its subsystems by comprehensive characterization and DFT calculations. The disappearance of certain Raman modes suggests that the interactions alter the SnS subsystem structure. Specifically, such structural changes transform the band structure from indirect to direct band gap, causing a strong PL emission (∼2.18 eV) in SnTiS3. In addition, the modulation of the optoelectronic properties ultimately leads to the unique phenomenon of thermally activated photoluminescence. This phenomenon is attributed to the inhibition of charge transfer induced by tunable intralayer strains. Our findings extend the understanding of the mechanism of interlayer interactions in van der Waals superlattices and provide insights into the design of high-temperature optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jiahui Bai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hanyan Long
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shichao Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wenwei Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Baisheng Sa
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jingying Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jiajie Pei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Ke-Zhao Du
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Hongbing Zhan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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23
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Li C, Luo H, Hou L, Wang Q, Liu K, Gan X, Zhao J, Xiao F. Giant Photoluminescence Enhancement of Monolayer WSe 2 Using a Plasmonic Nanocavity with On-Demand Resonance. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5879-5885. [PMID: 38652056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are considered promising building blocks for next-generation photonic and optoelectronic devices, owing to their fascinating optical properties. However, their inherent weak light absorption and low quantum yield severely hinder their practical applications. Here, we report up to 18000-fold photoluminescence (PL) enhancement in a monolayer WSe2-coupled plasmonic nanocavity. A spectroscopy-assisted nanomanipulation technique enables the assembly of a nanocavity with customizable resonances to simultaneously enhance the excitation and emission processes. In particular, precise control over the magnetic cavity mode facilitates spectral and spatial overlap with the exciton, resulting in plasmon-exciton intermediate coupling that approaches the maximum emission rate in the hybrid system. Meanwhile, the cavity mode exhibits high radiation directivity, which overwhelmingly directs surface-normal PL emission and leads to a 17-fold increase in the collection efficiency. Our approach opens up a new avenue to enhance the PL intensity of monolayer TMDs, facilitating their implementation in highly efficient optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Huan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Liping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Qifa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuetao Gan
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Jianlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Fajun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
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24
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Dai Y, He Q, Huang Y, Duan X, Lin Z. Solution-Processable and Printable Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Inks. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5795-5845. [PMID: 38639932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with layered crystal structures have been attracting enormous research interest for their atomic thickness, mechanical flexibility, and excellent electronic/optoelectronic properties for applications in diverse technological areas. Solution-processable 2D TMD inks are promising for large-scale production of functional thin films at an affordable cost, using high-throughput solution-based processing techniques such as printing and roll-to-roll fabrications. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the chemical synthesis of solution-processable and printable 2D TMD ink materials and the subsequent assembly into thin films for diverse applications. We start with the chemical principles and protocols of various synthesis methods for 2D TMD nanosheet crystals in the solution phase. The solution-based techniques for depositing ink materials into solid-state thin films are discussed. Then, we review the applications of these solution-processable thin films in diverse technological areas including electronics, optoelectronics, and others. To conclude, a summary of the key scientific/technical challenges and future research opportunities of solution-processable TMD inks is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiyuan He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 99907, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zhaoyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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25
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Mia AK, Meyyappan M, Giri PK. Asymmetric contact-induced selective doping of CVD-grown bilayer WS 2 and its application in high-performance photodetection with an ultralow dark current. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:8583-8596. [PMID: 38602125 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06118c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are excellent candidates for high-performance optoelectronics due to their high carrier mobility, air stability and strong optical absorption. However, photodetectors made with monolayer TMDs often exhibit a high dark current, and thus, there is a scope for further improvement. Herein, we developed a 2D bilayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) based photodetector (PD) with asymmetric contacts that exhibits an exceptionally low dark current and high specific detectivity. High-quality and large-area monolayer and bilayer WS2 flakes were synthesized using a thermal chemical vapor deposition system. Compared to conventional symmetric contact electrodes, utilizing metal electrodes with higher and lower work functions relative to bilayer WS2 aids in achieving asymmetric lateral doping in the WS2 flakes. This doping asymmetry was confirmed through the photoluminescence spectral profile and Raman mapping analysis. With the asymmetric contacts on bilayer WS2, we find evidence of selective doping of electrons and holes near the Ti and Au contacts, respectively, while the WS2 region away from the contacts remains intrinsic. When compared with the symmetric contact case, the dark current in the WS2 PD with asymmetric (Au, Ti) contact decreases by an order of magnitude under reverse bias with a concomitant increase in the photocurrent, resulting in an improved on/off ratio of ∼105 and overall improved device performance under identical illumination conditions. We explained this improved performance based on the energy band alignment showing a unidirectional charge flow under light illumination. Our results indicate that the planar device structure and compatibility with current nanofabrication technologies can facilitate its integration into advanced chips for futuristic low-power optoelectronic and nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Kaium Mia
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
| | - M Meyyappan
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
| | - P K Giri
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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26
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Yuan X, Jiang G, Liu P, Fu Q, Zhang Z, Liu T, Jiang Y, Zhao W, Wang W, Zhao B, Li Z, Liu D, Ni Z, Lu J. Validated enhancement and temperature modulated absorbance of a WS 2 monolayer based on a planar structure. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:2401-2404. [PMID: 38691729 DOI: 10.1364/ol.522089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), as emerging optoelectronic materials, necessitate the establishment of an experimentally viable system to study their interaction with light. In this study, we propose and analyze a WS2/PMMA/Ag planar Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity, enabling the direct experimental measurement of WS2 absorbance. By optimizing the structure, the absorbance of A exciton of WS2 up to 0.546 can be experimentally achieved, which matches well with the theoretical calculations. Through temperature and thermal expansion strain induced by temperature, the absorbance of the A exciton can be tuned in situ. Furthermore, temperature-dependent photocurrent measurements confirmed the consistent absorbance of the A exciton under varying temperatures. This WS2/PMMA/Ag planar structure provides a straightforward and practical platform for investigating light interaction in TMDCs, laying a solid foundation for future developments of TMDC-based optoelectronic devices.
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27
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Kim SW, Seo J, Lee S, Shen D, Kim Y, Choi HH, Yoo H, Kim HH. Nonvolatile Reconfigurable Logic Device Based on Photoinduced Interfacial Charge Trapping in van der Waals Gap. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:22131-22138. [PMID: 38632927 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Due to the increasing complexity in miniaturization of electronic devices, reconfigurable field-effect transistors (RFETs) have emerged as a solution. Although the foundational concepts of RFETs have matured over two decades, ongoing breakthroughs are needed to address challenges such as improving the device performance as well as achieving balanced symmetry between n-type and p-type transport modes with long-term stability. Herein, we present a nonvolatile WSe2-based RFET that utilizes photoassisted interfacial charge trapping at the h-BN and SiO2 interface. Unlike typical RFETs with two gate electrodes, our RFETs achieved polarity control with a single operating gate activated exclusively under white-light exposure. The threshold voltage was tunable, ranging from 27.4 (-31.6 V) to 0.9 (+19.5 V), allowing selective activation of n-type (p-type) operation at VGS = 0 V. Additionally, our WSe2-based RFETs show superior repeatability and long-term stability. Leveraging these advantages, various reconfigurable logic circuits were successfully demonstrated, including complementary inverters and switch circuits as well as pull-up and pull-down circuits, highlighting the potential of WSe2 FETs for future advancements of integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Woo Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
- Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Juhyung Seo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Subin Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Daozhi Shen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Youngjin Kim
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Choi
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hocheon Yoo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
- Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
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28
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Zhou Z, Zhang X, Chen X, Cheng Z, Wang Z. Band Gap Engineering of Mo xW 1-xS 2 Alloy Monolayers with Wafer-Scale Uniformity. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7714-7724. [PMID: 38630017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Modulating the band gap of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductors is critical for their application in a wider spectral range. Alloying has been demonstrated as an effective method for regulating the band gap of 2D TMDC semiconductors. The fabrication of large-area 2D TMDC alloy films with centimeter-scale uniformity is fundamental to the application of integrated devices. Herein, we report a liquid-phase precursor one-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method for fabricating a MoxW1-xS2 alloy monolayer with a large size and an adjustable band gap. Good crystalline quality and high uniformity on a wafer scale enable the continuous adjustment of its band gap in the range of 1.8-2.0 eV. Density functional theory calculations provided a deep understanding of the Raman-active vibration modes of the MoxW1-xS2 alloy monolayer and the change in the conductivity of the alloy with photon energy. The synthesis of large-area MoxW1-xS2 alloy monolayers is a critical step toward the application of 2D layered semiconductors in practical optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- Engineering Research Center of Continuous Extrusion, Ministry of Education, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China
| | - Xingchen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xinya Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Zhihai Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physic, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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29
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Liu B, Yue X, Sheng C, Chen J, Tang C, Shan Y, Han J, Shen S, Wu W, Li L, Lu Y, Hu L, Liu R, Qiu ZJ, Cong C. High-Performance Contact-Doped WSe 2 Transistors Using TaSe 2 Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:19247-19253. [PMID: 38591143 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have garnered significant attention due to their potential for next-generation electronics, which require device scaling. However, the performance of TMD-based field-effect transistors (FETs) is greatly limited by the contact resistance. This study develops an effective strategy to optimize the contact resistance of WSe2 FETs by combining contact doping and 2D metallic electrode materials. The contact regions were doped using a laser, and the metallic TaSe2 flakes were stacked on doped WSe2 as electrodes. Doping the contact areas decreases the depletion width, while introducing the TaSe2 contact results in a lower Schottky barrier. This method significantly improves the electrical performance of the WSe2 FETs. The doped WSe2/TaSe2 contact exhibits an ultralow Schottky barrier height of 65 meV and a contact resistance of 11 kΩ·μm, which is a 50-fold reduction compared to the conventional Cr/Au contact. Our method offers a way on fabricating high-performance 2D FETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaofei Yue
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chenxu Sheng
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chengjie Tang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yabing Shan
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jinkun Han
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shuwen Shen
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wenxuan Wu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lijia Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ye Lu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Laigui Hu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ran Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Qiu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chunxiao Cong
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
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30
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Carey T, Maughan J, Doolan L, Caffrey E, Garcia J, Liu S, Kaur H, Ilhan C, Seyedin S, Coleman JN. Knot Architecture for Biocompatible and Semiconducting 2D Electronic Fiber Transistors. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301654. [PMID: 38602193 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Wearable devices have generally been rigid due to their reliance on silicon-based technologies, while future wearables will utilize flexible components for example transistors within microprocessors to manage data. Two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting flakes have yet to be investigated in fiber transistors but can offer a route toward high-mobility, biocompatible, and flexible fiber-based devices. Here, the electrochemical exfoliation of semiconducting 2D flakes of tungsten diselenide (WSe2) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is shown to achieve homogeneous coatings onto the surface of polyester fibers. The high aspect ratio (>100) of the flake yields aligned and conformal flake-to-flake junctions on polyester fibers enabling transistors with mobilities μ ≈1 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a current on/off ratio, Ion/Ioff ≈102-104. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effects of the MoS2 and WSe2 flakes with human keratinocyte cells are investigated and found to be biocompatible. As an additional step, a unique transistor 'knot' architecture is created by leveraging the fiber diameter to establish the length of the transistor channel, facilitating a route to scale down transistor channel dimensions (≈100 µm) and utilize it to make a MoS2 fiber transistor with a human hair that achieves mobilities as high as μ ≈15 cm2 V-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Carey
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jack Maughan
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Luke Doolan
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eoin Caffrey
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - James Garcia
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shixin Liu
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Harneet Kaur
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Cansu Ilhan
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shayan Seyedin
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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31
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Fujii S, Fang N, Yamashita D, Kozawa D, Fong CF, Kato YK. van der Waals Decoration of Ultra-High- Q Silica Microcavities for χ (2)-χ (3) Hybrid Nonlinear Photonics. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4209-4216. [PMID: 38557205 PMCID: PMC11010230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Optical nonlinear processes are indispensable in a wide range of applications, including ultrafast lasers, microscopy, and quantum information technologies. Among the diverse nonlinear processes, second-order effects usually overwhelm the higher-order ones, except in centrosymmetric systems, where the second-order susceptibility vanishes to allow the use of the third-order nonlinearity. Here we demonstrate a hybrid photonic platform whereby the balance between second- and third-order susceptibilities can be tuned flexibly. By decorating ultra-high-Q silica microcavities with atomically thin tungsten diselenide, we observe cavity-enhanced second-harmonic generation and sum-frequency generation with continuous-wave excitation at a power level of only a few hundred microwatts. We show that the coexistence of second- and third-order nonlinearities in a single device can be achieved by carefully choosing the size and location of the two-dimensional material. Our approach can be generalized to other types of cavities, unlocking the potential of hybrid systems with controlled nonlinear susceptibilities for novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Fujii
- Quantum
Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Nan Fang
- Nanoscale
Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster
for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daiki Yamashita
- Quantum
Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Platform
Photonics Research Center, National Institute
of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Daichi Kozawa
- Quantum
Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Nanoscale
Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster
for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Research
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Chee Fai Fong
- Nanoscale
Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster
for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuichiro K. Kato
- Quantum
Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Nanoscale
Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster
for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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32
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Zhai W, Li Z, Wang Y, Zhai L, Yao Y, Li S, Wang L, Yang H, Chi B, Liang J, Shi Z, Ge Y, Lai Z, Yun Q, Zhang A, Wu Z, He Q, Chen B, Huang Z, Zhang H. Phase Engineering of Nanomaterials: Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4479-4539. [PMID: 38552165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Crystal phase, a critical structural characteristic beyond the morphology, size, dimension, facet, etc., determines the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials. As a group of layered nanomaterials with polymorphs, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted intensive research attention due to their phase-dependent properties. Therefore, great efforts have been devoted to the phase engineering of TMDs to synthesize TMDs with controlled phases, especially unconventional/metastable phases, for various applications in electronics, optoelectronics, catalysis, biomedicine, energy storage and conversion, and ferroelectrics. Considering the significant progress in the synthesis and applications of TMDs, we believe that a comprehensive review on the phase engineering of TMDs is critical to promote their fundamental studies and practical applications. This Review aims to provide a comprehensive introduction and discussion on the crystal structures, synthetic strategies, and phase-dependent properties and applications of TMDs. Finally, our perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in phase engineering of TMDs will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yongji Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Li Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Banlan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jinzhe Liang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yiyao Ge
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhuangchai Lai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Qinbai Yun
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - An Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhiying Wu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Qiyuan He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhiqi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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33
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Shin JC, Jeong JH, Kwon J, Kim YH, Kim B, Woo SJ, Woo KY, Cho M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kim YD, Cho YH, Lee TW, Hone J, Lee CH, Lee GH. Electrically Confined Electroluminescence of Neutral Excitons in WSe 2 Light-Emitting Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310498. [PMID: 38169481 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have drawn significant attention for their potential in optoelectronic applications due to their direct band gap and exceptional quantum yield. However, TMD-based light-emitting devices have shown low external quantum efficiencies as imbalanced free carrier injection often leads to the formation of non-radiative charged excitons, limiting practical applications. Here, electrically confined electroluminescence (EL) of neutral excitons in tungsten diselenide (WSe2) light-emitting transistors (LETs) based on the van der Waals heterostructure is demonstrated. The WSe2 channel is locally doped to simultaneously inject electrons and holes to the 1D region by a local graphene gate. At balanced concentrations of injected electrons and holes, the WSe2 LETs exhibit strong EL with a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ≈8.2 % at room temperature. These experimental and theoretical results consistently show that the enhanced EQE could be attributed to dominant exciton emission confined at the 1D region while expelling charged excitons from the active area by precise control of external electric fields. This work shows a promising approach to enhancing the EQE of 2D light-emitting transistors and modulating the recombination of exciton complexes for excitonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Chul Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Kwon
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ho Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumho Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Seung-Je Woo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kie Young Woo
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyun Cho
- Department of Physics and Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Young Duck Kim
- Department of Physics and Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Cho
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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34
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Cheng H, Qu J, Mao W, Chen S, Dong H. Continuous-Wave Pumped Monolayer WS 2 Lasing for Photonic Barcoding. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:614. [PMID: 38607148 PMCID: PMC11013185 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Micro/nano photonic barcoding has emerged as a promising technology for information security and anti-counterfeiting applications owing to its high security and robust tamper resistance. However, the practical application of conventional micro/nano photonic barcodes is constrained by limitations in encoding capacity and identification verification (e.g., broad emission bandwidth and the expense of pulsed lasers). Herein, we propose high-capacity photonic barcode labels by leveraging continuous-wave (CW) pumped monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) lasing. Large-area, high-quality monolayer WS2 films were grown via a vapor deposition method and coupled with external cavities to construct optically pumped microlasers, thus achieving an excellent CW-pumped lasing with a narrow linewidth (~0.39 nm) and a low threshold (~400 W cm-2) at room temperature. Each pixel within the photonic barcode labels consists of closely packed WS2 microlasers of varying sizes, demonstrating high-density and nonuniform multiple-mode lasing signals that facilitate barcode encoding. Notably, CW operation and narrow-linewidth lasing emission could significantly simplify detection. As proof of concept, a 20-pixel label exhibits a high encoding capacity (2.35 × 10108). This work may promote the advancement of two-dimensional materials micro/nanolasers and offer a promising platform for information encoding and security applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (H.C.); (J.Q.)
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Junyu Qu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (H.C.); (J.Q.)
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wangqi Mao
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Shula Chen
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (H.C.); (J.Q.)
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hongxing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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35
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De-Eknamkul C, Huang W, Zhang X, Ren Y, Cubukcu E. Transport and Spatial Separation of Valley Coherence via Few Layer WS 2 Exciton-Polaritons. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:1078-1084. [PMID: 38576862 PMCID: PMC10993736 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The optical response in two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) is dominated by excitons. The lack of spatial inversion symmetry in the hexagonal lattice within each TMDC layer leads to valley-dependent excitonic emission of photoluminescence. Here, we demonstrate experimentally the spatial separation of valley coherent emission into orthogonal directions through self-resonant exciton polaritons of a free-standing three-layer (3L) WS2 waveguide. This was achieved by patterning a photonic crystal consisting of a square array of holes allowing for the far field probing of valley coherence of engendered exciton-polaritons. Furthermore, we report detailed experimental modal characterization of this coupled system in good agreement with theory. Momentum space measurements reveal a degree of valley coherence in the range 30-60%. This work provides a platform for manipulation of valley excitons in coherent light-matter states for potential implementations of valley-coherent optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawina De-Eknamkul
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Wenzhuo Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, United State
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yundong Ren
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Ertugrul Cubukcu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, United State
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36
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Chen D, Anantharaman SB, Wu J, Qiu DY, Jariwala D, Guo P. Optical spectroscopic detection of Schottky barrier height at a two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide/metal interface. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5169-5176. [PMID: 38390639 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05799b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Atomically thin two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs) have emerged as semiconductors for next-generation nanoelectronics. As 2D-TMD-based devices typically utilize metals as the contacts, it is crucial to understand the properties of the 2D-TMD/metal interface, including the characteristics of the Schottky barriers formed at the semiconductor-metal junction. Conventional methods for investigating the Schottky barrier height (SBH) at these interfaces predominantly rely on contact-based electrical measurements with complex gating structures. In this study, we introduce an all-optical approach for non-contact measurement of the SBH, utilizing high-quality WS2/Au heterostructures as a model system. Our approach employs a below-bandgap pump to excite hot carriers from the gold into WS2 with varying thicknesses. By monitoring the resultant carrier density changes within the WS2 layers with a broadband probe, we traced the dynamics and magnitude of charge transfer across the interface. A systematic sweep of the pump wavelength enables us to determine the SBH values and unveil an inverse relationship between the SBH and the thickness of the WS2 layers. First-principles calculations reveal the correlation between the probability of injection and the density of states near the conduction band minimum of WS2. The versatile optical methodology for probing TMD/metal interfaces can shed light on the intricate charge transfer characteristics within various 2D heterostructures, facilitating the development of more efficient and scalable nano-electronic and optoelectronic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Surendra B Anantharaman
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jinyuan Wu
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Diana Y Qiu
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peijun Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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37
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Wu F, Tan H, Palummo M, Camilli L. Mechanical properties of bilayer WS 2and Graphene-WS 2Hybrid composites by molecular dynamics simulations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:225301. [PMID: 38346347 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad2886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
In the present work, by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigate the mechanical properties of different nanostructures that may be core elements in next generation flexible/wearable photovoltaic devices, namely double layer WS2nanosheets (DLNS), graphene/WS2(layer) composites and graphene/WS2nanotube (NT) composites. Our results reveal that the mechanical properties of DLNS deteriorate when compared to those of monolayer WS2. Owing to graphene's reinforcement action, the mechanical properties of graphene/WS2(layer) composite with both layers deformed are superior than those of WS2, even though inferior than those of bare graphene. If stress is applied only to the graphene layer, the graphene/WS2composite retains the most of the strength and toughness of monolayer graphene, decreasing the fracture strength and Young's modulus by only 9.7% and 16.3%, respectively. Similarly, in the case of the graphene/WS2NT composite the mechanical strength and toughness experience a reduction compared to monolayer graphene, specifically by 15% and 53% for fracture strength and Young's modulus, respectively. Considering the market's keen interest in nanomaterials, particularly van der Waals (vdW) ones, for flexible and wearable photovoltaic devices, the findings presented here will significantly enhance the effective utilization of vdW composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Huifeng Tan
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Maurizia Palummo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Luca Camilli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
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38
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Lan C, Zhou L, Kang J, Zheng W, Xue T, Li Y, Yuan X, Xiao S, Li H, He J. Interfacial Charge Transfer for Enhancing Nonlinear Saturable Absorption in WS 2/graphene Heterostructure. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306096. [PMID: 38225721 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Interlayer charge-transfer (CT) in 2D atomically thin vertical stacks heterostructures offers an unparalleled new approach to regulation of device performance in optoelectronic and photonics applications. Despite the fact that the saturable absorption (SA) in 2D heterostructures involves highly efficient optical modulation in the space and time domain, the lack of explicit SA regulation mechanism at the nanoscale prevents this feature from realizing nanophotonic modulation. Here, the enhancement of SA response via CT in WS2/graphene vertical heterostructure is proposed and the related mechanism is demonstrated through simulations and experiments. Leveraging this mechanism, CT-induced SA enhancement can be expanded to a wide range of nonlinear optical modulation applications for 2D materials. The results suggest that CT between 2D heterostructures enables efficient nonlinear optical response regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiduo Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Changyong Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jianlong Kang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Wanxin Zheng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Tianyu Xue
- Center for High-Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Yejun Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaoming Yuan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Si Xiao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Heping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Jun He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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Tan Z, Han S, Jia J, Zhu M, Xu H, Mi S, Li K, Wang L, Cheng Z, Chen S. Angle-Resolved Optical Imaging of Interlayer Rotations in Twisted Bilayer Graphene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10867-10876. [PMID: 38381066 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) is a prototypical layered material whose properties are strongly correlated to interlayer coupling. The two stacked graphene layers with distinct orientations are investigated to generate peculiar optical and electronic phenomena. Thus, the rapid, reliable, and nondestructive twist angle identification technique is of essential importance. Here, we integrated the white light reflection spectra (WLRS), the Raman spectroscopy, and the transmission electron microscope (TEM) to propose a facile RGB optical imaging technique that identified the twist angle of the TBG in a large area intuitively with high efficiency. The RGB technique established a robust correlation between the interlayer rotation angle and the contrast difference in the RGB color channels of a standard optical image. The angle-resolved optical behavior is attributed to the absorption resonance matching with the separation of van Hove singularities in the density of states of the TBG. Our study thus developed a route to identify the rotation angle of stacked bilayer graphene by means of a straightforward optical method, which can be further applied in other stacked van der Waals layered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoquan Tan
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Natural Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Natural Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jiaqi Jia
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Natural Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Meijie Zhu
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Natural Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Natural Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shuo Mi
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Natural Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Natural Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Natural Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Zhihai Cheng
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Natural Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Natural Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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40
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Yin Z, Cao J, Li X, Li N. Computational investigation of single and multiple boron atom doped WS 2 monolayers for superior electrocatalytic reduction of nitrogen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7674-7687. [PMID: 38372006 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05648a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The efficient conversion of nitrogen into ammonia plays a significant role in our modern society. Therefore, the design and development of associated catalysts have become an area of major research interest. Nowadays, an increasing number of studies have been exploring single-atom or double-atom metal-free electrocatalysts for the N2 reduction reaction, where regulating the precise number of catalyst atoms anchored on the substrate posed a real challenge. Herein, with density functional theory (DFT) simulations, this study investigated the activity of single and multiple B atom doped monolayer WS2 catalysts and observed superior efficiencies for nitrogen fixation and reduction. Computational results reveal that these novel catalysts have excellent thermodynamic stability, suitable adsorption of N2, superior catalytic activity and high selectivity for the nitrogen reduction reaction. Notably, this study clearly illustrates that the steric hindrance arising from the adjacent atoms of catalytic sites can be an effective route for manipulating the catalytic performance, offering new insights for the synthesis of high efficiency catalysts. In summary, this series of novel boron doped monolayer WS2 catalysts does not require precise control of the number of catalytic atoms on the substrate, making their preparation easier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Yin
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Jingeng Cao
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Xiuyuan Li
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Nan Li
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
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41
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Coelho PM. Magnetic doping in transition metal dichalcogenides. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:203001. [PMID: 38324890 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad271b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are materials with unique electronic properties due to their two-dimensional nature. Recently, there is a large and growing interest in synthesizing ferromagnetic TMDCs for applications in electronic devices and spintronics. Apart from intrinsically magnetic examples, modification via either intrinsic defects or external dopants may induce ferromagnetism in non-magnetic TMDCs and, hence expand the application of these materials. Here, we review recent experimental work on intrinsically non-magnetic TMDCs that present ferromagnetism as a consequence of either intrinsic defects or doping via self-flux approach, ion implantation or e-beam evaporation. The experimental work discussed here is organized by modification/doping mechanism. We also review current work on density functional theory calculations that predict ferromagnetism in doped systems, which also serve as preliminary data for the choice of new doped TMDCs to be explored experimentally. Implementing a controlled process to induce magnetism in two-dimensional materials is key for technological development and this topical review discusses the fundamental procedures while presenting promising materials to be investigated in order to achieve this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mariel Coelho
- Department of Physics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
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42
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Zhang W, Ma Z, Wang J, Shao B, Zuo X. Tunability of electronic properties in the 2D MoS 2/α-tellurene/WS 2 heterotrilayer via biaxial strain and electric field. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6362-6371. [PMID: 38315005 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06002k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Alpha-tellurene (α-Te), a two-dimensional (2D) material that has been theoretically predicted and experimentally verified, has garnered significant attention due to its unique properties. In this study, we investigated the 2D trilayer MoS2/α-Te/WS2 van der Waals heterostructure with different stacking orders using first-principles calculations. Our results indicate that this heterotrilayer exhibits an intrinsic type-I band alignment and an indirect band gap similar to that of monolayer α-Te. Notably, the band edges of the heterostructure can be modulated by biaxial strain and an external electric field, enabling these edges to arise from different monolayers. This controlled manipulation facilitates the effective separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and prolongs the carrier lifetime. Moreover, the heterostructure can undergo a transition from an indirect to a direct band gap under biaxial compressive strain or a moderate negative electric field, and semiconductor-to-metal transition can also be achieved by intensifying the biaxial strain and external electric field. Overall, our research provides valuable theoretical insights into the potential applications of α-Te-based heterostructures, rendering them promising candidates for the next generation of nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Zhuang Ma
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Bin Shao
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xu Zuo
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin 300350, China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300350, China
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43
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Zhang Y, Chang Y, Zhao L, Liu H, Gao J. Atomic insight into the effects of precursor clusters on monolayer WSe 2. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2391-2401. [PMID: 38226664 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05562k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have been attracting much attention due to their rich physical and chemical properties. At the end of the chemical vapor deposition growth of 2D TMDCs, the adsorption of excess precursor clusters onto the sample is unavoidable, which will have significant effects on the properties of TMDCs. This is a concern to the academic community. However, the structures of the supported precursor clusters and their effects on the properties of the prepared 2D TMDCs are still poorly understood. Herein, taking monolayer WSe2 as the prototype, we investigated the structure and electronic properties of SeN, WN (N = 1-8), and W8-NSeN (N = 1-7) clusters adsorbed on monolayer WSe2 to gain atomic insight into the precursor cluster adsorption. In contrast to W clusters that tightly bind to the WSe2 surface, Se clusters except for Se1 and Se2 are weakly adsorbed onto WSe2. The interaction between W8-NSeN (N = 1-7) clusters and the WSe2 monolayer decreases with the increase in the Se/W ratio and eventually becomes van der Waals interaction for W1Se7. According to the phase diagram, increasing the Se/W ratio by changing the experimental conditions will increase the ratio of SeN and W1Se7 clusters in the precursor, which can be removed by proper annealing after growth. W clusters induce lots of defect energy levels in the band gap region, while the adsorption of W1Se7 and SeN clusters (N = 3-6, 8) promotes the spatial separation of photo generated carriers at the interface, which is important for optoelectronic applications. Our results indicate that by controlling the Se/W ratio, the interaction between the precursor clusters and WSe2 as well as the electronic properties of the prepared WSe2 monolayer can be effectively tuned, which is significant for the high-quality growth and applications of WSe2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxue Zhang
- Key laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Yuan Chang
- Key laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Luneng Zhao
- Key laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Key laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Junfeng Gao
- Key laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116024, China.
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44
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Liu H, Wu Y, Wu Z, Liu S, Zhang VL, Yu T. Coexisting Phases in Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Overview, Synthesis, Applications, and Prospects. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2708-2729. [PMID: 38252696 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, significant advancements have been made in phase engineering of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), thereby allowing controlled synthesis of various phases of TMDCs and facile conversion between them. Recently, there has been emerging interest in TMDC coexisting phases, which contain multiple phases within one nanostructured TMDC. By taking advantage of the merits from the component phases, the coexisting phases offer enhanced performance in many aspects compared with single-phase TMDCs. Herein, this review article thoroughly expounds the latest progress and ongoing efforts on the syntheses, properties, and applications of TMDC coexisting phases. The introduction section overviews the main phases of TMDCs (2H, 3R, 1T, 1T', 1Td), along with the advantages of phase coexistence. The subsequent section focuses on the synthesis methods for coexisting phases of TMDCs, with particular attention to local patterning and random formations. Furthermore, on the basis of the versatile properties of TMDC coexisting phases, their applications in magnetism, valleytronics, field-effect transistors, memristors, and catalysis are discussed. Lastly, a perspective is presented on the future development, challenges, and potential opportunities of TMDC coexisting phases. This review aims to provide insights into the phase engineering of 2D materials for both scientific and engineering communities and contribute to further advancements in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Liu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yaping Wu
- School of Physics and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhiming Wu
- School of Physics and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
| | - Vanessa Li Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ting Yu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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45
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Dai B, Su Y, Guo Y, Wu C, Xie Y. Recent Strategies for the Synthesis of Phase-Pure Ultrathin 1T/1T' Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets. Chem Rev 2024; 124:420-454. [PMID: 38146851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed a notable increase in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) related research not only because of the large family of TMD candidates but also because of the various polytypes that arise from the monolayer configuration and layer stacking order. The peculiar physicochemical properties of TMD nanosheets enable an enormous range of applications from fundamental science to industrial technologies based on the preparation of high-quality TMDs. For polymorphic TMDs, the 1T/1T' phase is particularly intriguing because of the enriched density of states, and thus facilitates fruitful chemistry. Herein, we comprehensively discuss the most recent strategies for direct synthesis of phase-pure 1T/1T' TMD nanosheets such as mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, wet chemical synthesis, atomic layer deposition, and more. We also review frequently adopted methods for phase engineering in TMD nanosheets ranging from chemical doping and alloying, to charge injection, and irradiation with optical or charged particle beams. Prior to the synthesis methods, we discuss the configuration of TMDs as well as the characterization tools mostly used in experiments. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and opportunities as well as emphasize the promising fields for the future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohu Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yueqi Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuqiao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Changzheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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46
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Beytür S, Essiz S, Özuğur Uysal B. Investigation of Structural and Antibacterial Properties of WS 2-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:4037-4049. [PMID: 38284036 PMCID: PMC10809239 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles, well-known for their structural, optical, and antibacterial properties, are widely applied in diverse fields. The doping of different materials to ZnO, such as metals or metal oxides, is known to ameliorate its properties. Here, nanofilms composed of ZnO doped with WS2 at 5, 15, and 25% ratios are synthesized, and their properties are investigated. Supported by molecular docking analyses, the enhancement of the bactericidal properties after the addition of WS2 at different ratios is highlighted and supported by the inhibitory interaction of residues playing a crucial role in the bacterial survival through the targeting of proteins of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Beytür
- Faculty of Engineering and
Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, Cibali, Fatih, Istanbul 34083, Turkey
| | - Sebnem Essiz
- Faculty of Engineering and
Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, Cibali, Fatih, Istanbul 34083, Turkey
| | - Bengü Özuğur Uysal
- Faculty of Engineering and
Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, Cibali, Fatih, Istanbul 34083, Turkey
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47
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Xu C, Barden N, Alexeev EM, Wang X, Long R, Cadore AR, Paradisanos I, Ott AK, Soavi G, Tongay S, Cerullo G, Ferrari AC, Prezhdo OV, Loh ZH. Ultrafast Charge Transfer and Recombination Dynamics in Monolayer-Multilayer WSe 2 Junctions Revealed by Time-Resolved Photoemission Electron Microscopy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1931-1947. [PMID: 38197410 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The ultrafast carrier dynamics of junctions between two chemically identical, but electronically distinct, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) remains largely unknown. Here, we employ time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy (TR-PEEM) to probe the ultrafast carrier dynamics of a monolayer-to-multilayer (1L-ML) WSe2 junction. The TR-PEEM signals recorded for the individual components of the junction reveal the sub-ps carrier cooling dynamics of 1L- and 7L-WSe2, as well as few-ps exciton-exciton annihilation occurring on 1L-WSe2. We observe ultrafast interfacial hole (h) transfer from 1L- to 7L-WSe2 on an ∼0.2 ps time scale. The resultant excess h density in 7L-WSe2 decays by carrier recombination across the junction interface on an ∼100 ps time scale. Reminiscent of the behavior at a depletion region, the TR-PEEM image reveals the h density accumulation on the 7L-WSe2 interface, with a decay length ∼0.60 ± 0.17 μm. These charge transfer and recombination dynamics are in agreement with ab initio quantum dynamics. The computed orbital densities reveal that charge transfer occurs from the basal plane, which extends over both 1L and ML regions, to the upper plane localized on the ML region. This mode of charge transfer is distinctive to chemically homogeneous junctions of layered materials and constitutes an additional carrier deactivation pathway that should be considered in studies of 1L-TMDs found alongside their ML, a common occurrence in exfoliated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Xu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, and School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Natalie Barden
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, and School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Evgeny M Alexeev
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Alisson R Cadore
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | | | - Anna K Ott
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Giancarlo Soavi
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea C Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Zhi-Heng Loh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, and School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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48
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Sun C, Zhou H, Sheng T, Li S, Zhu H. Ultrafast Interlayer Charge Transfer Outcompeting Intralayer Valley Relaxation in Few-Layer 2D Heterostructures. ACS NANO 2024; 18:931-938. [PMID: 38154000 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
While 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) feature interesting layer-tunable multivalley band structures, their preeminent role in determining the photoexcitation charge transfer dynamics in 2D heterostructures (HSs) is yet to be unraveled, as previous charge transfer studies on TMD HSs have been mostly focused on monolayers with a direct bandgap at the K valley. By ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy and deliberately designed few-layer WSe2/WS2 HSs, we have observed an ultrafast interlayer electron transfer from photoexcited few-layer WSe2 to WS2, prior to intralayer relaxation to lower lying dark valleys. More interestingly, we have identified an unconventional ∼0.5 ps electron back-transfer process after the initial interlayer electron transfer in HSs with WSe2 layers ≥ 3, regenerating indirect intralayer excitons. The result reveals an ielectron and valley relaxation pathway mediated by interlayer charge transfer in 2D HSs, faster than intralayer relaxation. It also sheds light on the origin of generally observed robust ultrafast interlayer charge transfer in TMD HSs and provides guidance toward optoelectronic and valleytronic devices using few-layer TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310027
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 311215
| | - Hongzhi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310027
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 311215
| | - Tianyu Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310027
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310027
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310027
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 311215
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49
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Tufail S, Sherwani MA, Shamim Z, Abdullah, Goh KW, Alomary MN, Ansari MA, Almosa AA, Ming LC, Abdullah ADI, Khan FB, Menhali AA, Mirza S, Ayoub MA. 2D nanostructures: Potential in diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116070. [PMID: 38163396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have garnered enormous attention seemingly due to their unusual architecture and properties. Graphene and graphene oxide based 2D nanomaterials remained the most sought after for several years but the quest to design superior 2D nanomaterials which can find wider application gave rise to development of non-graphene 2D materials as well. Consequently, in addition to graphene based 2D nanomaterials, 2D nanostructures designed using macromolecules (such as DNAs, proteins, peptides and peptoids), transition metal dichalcogenides, transition-metal carbides and/or nitrides (MXene), black phosphorous, chitosan, hexagonal boron nitrides, and graphitic carbon nitride, and covalent organic frameworks have been developed. Interestingly, these 2D nanomaterials have found applications in diagnosis and treatment of various diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although AD is one of the most debilitating neurodegenerative conditions across the globe; unfortunately, there remains a paucity of effective diagnostic and/or therapeutic intervention for it till date. In this scenario, nanomaterial-based biosensors, or therapeutics especially 2D nanostructures are emerging to be promising in this regard. This review summarizes the diagnostic and therapeutic platforms developed for AD using 2D nanostructures. Collectively, it is worth mentioning that these 2D nanomaterials would seemingly provide an alternative and intriguing platform for biomedical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Tufail
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | | | - Zahid Shamim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad N Alomary
- Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Almosa
- Wellness and Preventive Medicine Institute, King AbdulAziz City of Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia.
| | - Amar Daud Iskandar Abdullah
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia.
| | - Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Asma Al Menhali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sameer Mirza
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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50
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Ren T, Wang J, Han K, Kang Y, Kumar A, Zhang G, Wang Z, Oulton RF, Eda G, Gong X. Optical Gain Spectrum and Confinement Factor of a Monolayer Semiconductor in an Ultrahigh-Quality Cavity. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11601-11607. [PMID: 38063776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have attracted great attention as a novel class of gain materials for low-threshold, on-chip coherent light sources. Despite several experimental reports on lasing, the underlying gain mechanism of 2D materials remains elusive due to a lack of key information, including modal gain and the confinement factor. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach to directly determine the absorption coefficient of monolayer WS2 by characterizing the whispering gallery modes in a van der Waals microdisk cavity. By exploiting the cavity's high intrinsic quality factor of 2.5 × 104, the absorption coefficient spectrum and confinement factor are experimentally resolved with unprecedented accuracy. The excitonic gain reduces the WS2 absorption coefficient by 2 × 104 cm-1 at room temperature, and the experimental confinement factor is found to agree with the theoretical prediction. These results are essential for unveiling the gain mechanism in emergent, low-threshold 2D-semiconductor-based laser devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Ren
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Junyong Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaizhen Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Yuye Kang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Annie Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Gong Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Rupert F Oulton
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Goki Eda
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiao Gong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
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