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Mobilia M, Karakashian A, Neupane KR, Hage O, Whitus C, Carter A, Voy C, Johnson LA, Graf GA, Gordon SM. Enhancement of high-density lipoprotein-associated protease inhibitor activity prevents atherosclerosis progression. Atherosclerosis 2024; 396:118544. [PMID: 39126769 PMCID: PMC11404725 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammatory cells within atherosclerotic lesions secrete proteolytic enzymes that contribute to lesion progression and destabilization, increasing the risk for an acute cardiovascular event. Elastase is a serine protease, secreted by macrophages and neutrophils, that may contribute to the development of unstable plaque. We previously reported interaction of endogenous protease-inhibitor proteins with high-density lipoprotein (HDL), including alpha-1-antitrypsin, an inhibitor of elastase. These findings support a potential role for HDL as a modulator of protease activity. In this study, we test the hypothesis that enhancement of HDL-associated elastase inhibitor activity is protective against atherosclerotic lesion progression. METHODS We designed an HDL-targeting protease inhibitor (HTPI) that binds to HDL and confers elastase inhibitor activity. Lipoprotein binding and the impact of HTPI on atherosclerosis were examined using mouse models. Histology and immunofluorescence staining of aortic root sections were used to examine the impact of HTPI on lesion morphology and inflammatory features. RESULTS HTPI is a small (1.6 kDa) peptide with an elastase inhibitor domain, a soluble linker, and an HDL-targeting domain. When incubated with human plasma ex vivo, HTPI predominantly binds to HDL. Intravenous administration of HTPI to mice resulted in its binding to plasma HDL and increased elastase inhibitor activity on isolated HDL. Accumulation of HTPI within plaque was observed after administration to Apoe-/- mice. To examine the effect of HTPI treatment on atherosclerosis, prevention and progression studies were performed using Ldlr-/- mice fed Western diet. In both study designs, HTPI-treated mice had reduced lipid deposition in plaque. CONCLUSIONS These data support the hypothesis that HDL-associated anti-elastase activity can improve the atheroprotective potential of HDL and highlight the potential utility of HDL enrichment with anti-protease activity as an approach for stabilization of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Mobilia
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Khaga R Neupane
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Olivia Hage
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Callie Whitus
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Abigail Carter
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Clairity Voy
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lance A Johnson
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gregory A Graf
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Scott M Gordon
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Lutomski CA, El-Baba TJ, Clemmer DE, Jarrold MF. Thermal Remodeling of Human HDL Particles Reveals Diverse Subspecies. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:2002-2007. [PMID: 39051481 PMCID: PMC11311237 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are micelle-like particles consisting of a core of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters surrounded by a shell of phospholipid, cholesterol, and apolipoproteins. HDL is considered "good" cholesterol, and its concentration in plasma is used clinically in assessing cardiovascular health. However, these particles vary in structure, composition, and therefore function, and thus can be resolved into subpopulations, some of which have specific cardioprotective properties. Mass measurements of HDL by charge detection mass spectrometry (CD-MS) previously revealed seven distinct subpopulations which could be delineated by mass and charge [Lutomski, C. A. et al. Anal. Chem. 2018]. Here, we investigate the thermal stabilities of these subpopulations; upon heating, the particles within each subpopulation undergo structural rearrangements with distinct transition temperatures. In addition, we find evidence for many new families of structures within each subpopulation; at least 15 subspecies of HDL are resolved. These subspecies vary in size, charge, and thermal stability. While this suggests that these new subspecies have unique molecular compositions, we cannot rule out the possibility that we have found evidence for new structural forms within the known subpopulations. The ability to resolve new subspecies of HDL particles may be important in understanding and delineating the role of unique particles in cardiovascular health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne A. Lutomski
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Tarick J. El-Baba
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - David E. Clemmer
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Martin F. Jarrold
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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3
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Kim C, Tsai TH, Lopez R, McCullough A, Kasumov T. Obeticholic acid's effect on HDL function in MASH varies by diabetic status. Lipids 2024. [PMID: 39014264 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are the key factors in the pathogenesis of both metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and atherosclerosis. Obeticholic acid (OCA), a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, improves hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in patients with MASH. However, it also reduces HDL cholesterol, suggesting that OCA may increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with MASH. We assessed HDL cholesterol efflux function, antioxidant (paraoxonase and ceruloplasmin activity), pro-inflammatory index, and particle sizes in a small group of patients with and without diabetes (n = 10/group) at baseline and after 18 months of OCA treatment. Patients on lipid-lowering medications (statins, fibrates) were excluded. At baseline, ferritin levels were higher in patients with MASH without diabetes (336.5 [157.0, 451.0] vs. 83 [36.0, 151.0] ng/mL, p < 0.005). Markers of HDL functions were similar in both groups. OCA therapy significantly improved liver histology and liver enzymes but increased alkaline phosphatase levels in nondiabetic patients with MASH (p < 0.05). However, it did not have any significant effect on cholesterol efflux and the antioxidant paraoxonase functions. In nondiabetics, ceruloplasmin (CP) antioxidant activity decreased (p < 0.005) and the pro-inflammatory index of HDL increased (p < 0.005) due to OCA therapy. In contrast, in diabetics, OCA increased levels of pre-β-HDL-the HDL particles enhanced protective capacity (p = 0.005) with no alteration in HDL functionality. In all patients, serum glucose levels were negatively correlated with OCA-induced change in pro-inflammatory function in HDL (p < 0.001), which was primarily due to diabetes (p = 0.05). These preliminary results suggest a distinct effect of OCA therapy on diabetic and nondiabetic patients with MASH and warrant a future large-scale study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunki Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Tsung-Heng Tsai
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Rocio Lopez
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Arthur McCullough
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Takhar Kasumov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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4
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Geh EN, Swertfeger DK, Sexmith H, Heink A, Tarapore P, Melchior JT, Davidson WS, Shah AS. A novel assay to measure low-density lipoproteins binding to proteoglycans. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0291632. [PMID: 38295021 PMCID: PMC10830033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The binding of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to proteoglycans (PGs) in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the arterial intima is a key initial step in the development of atherosclerosis. Although many techniques have been developed to assess this binding, most of the methods are labor-intensive and technically challenging to standardize across research laboratories. Thus, sensitive, and reproducible assay to detect LDL binding to PGs is needed to screen clinical populations for atherosclerosis risk. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop a quantitative, and reproducible assay to evaluate the affinity of LDL towards PGs and to replicate previously published results on LDL-PG binding. METHODS Immunofluorescence microscopy was performed to visualize the binding of LDL to PGs using mouse vascular smooth muscle (MOVAS) cells. An in-cell ELISA (ICE) was also developed and optimized to quantitatively measure LDL-PG binding using fixed MOVAS cells cultured in a 96-well format. RESULTS We used the ICE assay to show that, despite equal APOB concentrations, LDL isolated from adults with cardiovascular disease bound to PG to a greater extent than LDL isolated from adults without cardiovascular disease (p<0.05). CONCLUSION We have developed an LDL-PG binding assay that is capable of detecting differences in PG binding affinities despite equal APOB concentrations. Future work will focus on candidate apolipoproteins that enhance or diminish this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmond N. Geh
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center & the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Debi K. Swertfeger
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center & the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hannah Sexmith
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center & the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anna Heink
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center & the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Pheruza Tarapore
- Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - John T. Melchior
- Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - W. Sean Davidson
- Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amy Sanghavi Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center & the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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5
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Sakamoto S, Hiraide H, Minoda M, Iwakura N, Suzuki M, Ando J, Takahashi C, Takahashi I, Murai K, Kagami Y, Mizuno T, Koike T, Nara S, Morizane C, Hijioka S, Kashiro A, Honda K, Watanabe R, Urano Y, Komatsu T. Identification of activity-based biomarkers for early-stage pancreatic tumors in blood using single-molecule enzyme activity screening. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100688. [PMID: 38218189 PMCID: PMC10831938 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Single-molecule enzyme activity-based enzyme profiling (SEAP) is a methodology to globally analyze protein functions in living samples at the single-molecule level. It has been previously applied to detect functional alterations in phosphatases and glycosidases. Here, we expand the potential for activity-based biomarker discovery by developing a semi-automated synthesis platform for fluorogenic probes that can detect various peptidases and protease activities at the single-molecule level. The peptidase/protease probes were prepared on the basis of a 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin fluorophore. The introduction of a phosphonic acid to the core scaffold made the probe suitable for use in a microdevice-based assay, while phosphonic acid served as the handle for the affinity separation of the probe using Phos-tag. Using this semi-automated scheme, 48 fluorogenic probes for the single-molecule peptidase/protease activity analysis were prepared. Activity-based screening using blood samples revealed altered single-molecule activity profiles of CD13 and DPP4 in blood samples of patients with early-stage pancreatic tumors. The study shows the power of single-molecule enzyme activity screening to discover biomarkers on the basis of the functional alterations of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideto Hiraide
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mayano Minoda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nozomi Iwakura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Misa Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jun Ando
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Chiharu Takahashi
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takahashi
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazue Murai
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yu Kagami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tadahaya Mizuno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tohru Koike
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nara
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Chigusa Morizane
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Susumu Hijioka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kashiro
- Institute for Advanced Medical Science, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Honda
- Institute for Advanced Medical Science, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Rikiya Watanabe
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Toru Komatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Liang N, Harsch BA, Zhou S, Borkowska A, Shearer GC, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Newman JW, Borkowski K. Oxylipin transport by lipoprotein particles and its functional implications for cardiometabolic and neurological disorders. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 93:101265. [PMID: 37979798 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipoprotein metabolism is critical to inflammation. While the periphery and central nervous system (CNS) have separate yet connected lipoprotein systems, impaired lipoprotein metabolism is implicated in both cardiometabolic and neurological disorders. Despite the substantial investigation into the composition, structure and function of lipoproteins, the lipoprotein oxylipin profiles, their influence on lipoprotein functions, and their potential biological implications are unclear. Lipoproteins carry most of the circulating oxylipins. Importantly, lipoprotein-mediated oxylipin transport allows for endocrine signaling by these lipid mediators, long considered to have only autocrine and paracrine functions. Alterations in plasma lipoprotein oxylipin composition can directly impact inflammatory responses of lipoprotein metabolizing cells. Similar investigations of CNS lipoprotein oxylipins are non-existent to date. However, as APOE4 is associated with Alzheimer's disease-related microglia dysfunction and oxylipin dysregulation, ApoE4-dependent lipoprotein oxylipin modulation in neurological pathologies is suggested. Such investigations are crucial to bridge knowledge gaps linking oxylipin- and lipoprotein-related disorders in both periphery and CNS. Here, after providing a summary of existent literatures on lipoprotein oxylipin analysis methods, we emphasize the importance of lipoproteins in oxylipin transport and argue that understanding the compartmentalization and distribution of lipoprotein oxylipins may fundamentally alter our consideration of the roles of lipoprotein in cardiometabolic and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuanyi Liang
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian A Harsch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sitong Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alison Borkowska
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Gregory C Shearer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences and Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John W Newman
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Western Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agriculture Research Service, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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7
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Price TR, Emfinger CH, Schueler KL, King S, Nicholson R, Beck T, Yandell BS, Summers SA, Holland WL, Krauss RM, Keller MP, Attie AD. Identification of genetic drivers of plasma lipoprotein size in the Diversity Outbred mouse population. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100471. [PMID: 37944753 PMCID: PMC10750189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite great progress in understanding lipoprotein physiology, there is still much to be learned about the genetic drivers of lipoprotein abundance, composition, and function. We used ion mobility spectrometry to survey 16 plasma lipoprotein subfractions in 500 Diversity Outbred mice maintained on a Western-style diet. We identified 21 quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting lipoprotein abundance. To refine the QTL and link them to disease risk in humans, we asked if the human homologs of genes located at each QTL were associated with lipid traits in human genome-wide association studies. Integration of mouse QTL with human genome-wide association studies yielded candidate gene drivers for 18 of the 21 QTL. This approach enabled us to nominate the gene encoding the neutral ceramidase, Asah2, as a novel candidate driver at a QTL on chromosome 19 for large HDL particles (HDL-2b). To experimentally validate Asah2, we surveyed lipoproteins in Asah2-/- mice. Compared to wild-type mice, female Asah2-/- mice showed an increase in several lipoproteins, including HDL. Our results provide insights into the genetic regulation of circulating lipoproteins, as well as mechanisms by which lipoprotein subfractions may affect cardiovascular disease risk in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara R Price
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Kathryn L Schueler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sarah King
- School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebekah Nicholson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tim Beck
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Brian S Yandell
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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8
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Lee Y, Ni J, Wasinger VC, Graham P, Li Y. Comparison Study of Small Extracellular Vesicle Isolation Methods for Profiling Protein Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Liquid Biopsies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15462. [PMID: 37895140 PMCID: PMC10607056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are an important intercellular communicator, participating in all stages of cancer metastasis, immunity, and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, protein cargoes within sEVs are considered as a superior source for breast cancer (BC) biomarker discovery. Our study aimed to optimise the approach for sEV isolation and sEV proteomic analysis to identify potential sEV protein biomarkers for BC diagnosis. sEVs derived from BC cell lines, BC patients' plasma, and non-cancer controls were isolated using ultracentrifugation (UC), a Total Exosome Isolation kit (TEI), and a combined approach named UCT. In BC cell lines, the UC isolates showed a higher sEV purity and marker expression, as well as a higher number of sEV proteins. In BC plasma samples, the UCT isolates showed the highest proportion of sEV-related proteins and the lowest percentage of lipoprotein-related proteins. Our data suggest that the assessment of both the quantity and quality of sEV isolation methods is important in selecting the optimal approach for the specific sEV research purpose, depending on the sample types and downstream analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- School of Clinical Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.L.); (J.N.); (P.G.)
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Jie Ni
- School of Clinical Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.L.); (J.N.); (P.G.)
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Valerie C. Wasinger
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Peter Graham
- School of Clinical Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.L.); (J.N.); (P.G.)
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Yong Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.L.); (J.N.); (P.G.)
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
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9
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Nieddu G, Formato M, Lepedda AJ. Searching for Atherosclerosis Biomarkers by Proteomics: A Focus on Lesion Pathogenesis and Vulnerability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15175. [PMID: 37894856 PMCID: PMC10607641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plaque rupture and thrombosis are the most important clinical complications in the pathogenesis of stroke, coronary arteries, and peripheral vascular diseases. The identification of early biomarkers of plaque presence and susceptibility to ulceration could be of primary importance in preventing such life-threatening events. With the improvement of proteomic tools, large-scale technologies have been proven valuable in attempting to unravel pathways of atherosclerotic degeneration and identifying new circulating markers to be utilized either as early diagnostic traits or as targets for new drug therapies. To address these issues, different matrices of human origin, such as vascular cells, arterial tissues, plasma, and urine, have been investigated. Besides, proteomics was also applied to experimental atherosclerosis in order to unveil significant insights into the mechanisms influencing atherogenesis. This narrative review provides an overview of the last twenty years of omics applications to the study of atherogenesis and lesion vulnerability, with particular emphasis on lipoproteomics and vascular tissue proteomics. Major issues of tissue analyses, such as plaque complexity, sampling, availability, choice of proper controls, and lipoproteins purification, will be raised, and future directions will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Junior Lepedda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.N.); (M.F.); Antonio Junior Lepedda (A.J.L.)
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10
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Darabi M, Lhomme M, Ponnaiah M, Pučić-Baković M, Guillas I, Frisdal E, Bittar R, Croyal M, Matheron-Duriez L, Poupel L, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Frere C, Varret M, Krempf M, Cariou B, Lauc G, Guerin M, Carrie A, Bruckert E, Giral P, Le Goff W, Kontush A. Integrated omics approach for the identification of HDL structure-function relationships in PCSK9-related familial hypercholesterolemia. J Clin Lipidol 2023; 17:643-658. [PMID: 37550151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in dyslipidemia may go beyond its immediate effects on low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) activity. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess PCSK9-derived alterations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) physiology, which bear a potential to contribute to cardiovascular risk profile. METHODS HDL was isolated from 33 patients with familial autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (FH), including those carrying PCSK9 gain-of-function (GOF) genetic variants (FH-PCSK9, n = 11), together with two groups of dyslipidemic patients employed as controls and carrying genetic variants in the LDL-R not treated (ntFH-LDLR, n = 11) and treated (tFH-LDLR, n = 11) with statins, and 11 normolipidemic controls. Biological evaluations paralleled by proteomic, lipidomic and glycomic analyses were applied to characterize functional and compositional properties of HDL. RESULTS Multiple deficiencies in the HDL function were identified in the FH-PCSK9 group relative to dyslipidemic FH-LDLR patients and normolipidemic controls, which involved reduced antioxidative, antiapoptotic, anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory activities. By contrast, cellular cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL was unchanged. In addition, multiple alterations of the proteomic, lipidomic and glycomic composition of HDL were found in the FH-PCSK9 group. Remarkably, HDLs from FH-PCSK9 patients were systematically enriched in several lysophospholipids as well as in A2G2S2 (GP13) glycan and apolipoprotein A-IV. Based on network analysis of functional and compositional data, a novel mosaic structure-function model of HDL biology involving FH was developed. CONCLUSION Several metrics of anti-atherogenic HDL functionality are altered in FH-PCSK9 patients paralleled by distinct compositional alterations. These data provide a first-ever overview of the impact of GOF PCSK9 genetic variants on structure-function relationships in HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Darabi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM (Drs Darabi, Guillas, Frisdal, Poupel, Carrie,Bittar, Guerin, Le Goff, and Kontush), Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France; LPS-BioSciences (Current affiliation of Dr Darabi), Université de Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Marie Lhomme
- ICAN Analytics (Dr Lhomme), Lipidomics Core, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (IHU-ICAN, ANR-10-IAHU-05), Paris, France
| | - Maharajah Ponnaiah
- ICAN I/O (Dr Ponnaiah), Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (IHU-ICAN, ANR-10-IAHU-05), Paris, France
| | - Maja Pučić-Baković
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory (Drs Pučić-Baković and Lauc), Borongajska cesta 83H, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Isabelle Guillas
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM (Drs Darabi, Guillas, Frisdal, Poupel, Carrie,Bittar, Guerin, Le Goff, and Kontush), Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Frisdal
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM (Drs Darabi, Guillas, Frisdal, Poupel, Carrie,Bittar, Guerin, Le Goff, and Kontush), Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Randa Bittar
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM (Drs Darabi, Guillas, Frisdal, Poupel, Carrie,Bittar, Guerin, Le Goff, and Kontush), Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France; Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (Drs Bittar and Bonnefont-Rousselot), Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- Université de Nantes (Drs Cariou et Croyal), CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'Institut du Thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France; Université de Nantes (Dr Croyal), CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, F-44000 Nantes, France; CRNH-Ouest Mass Spectrometry Core Facility (Drs Croyal and Krempf), F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Lucrèce Matheron-Duriez
- Platform MS3U (Dr Matheron), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine FR 3631, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Poupel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM (Drs Darabi, Guillas, Frisdal, Poupel, Carrie,Bittar, Guerin, Le Goff, and Kontush), Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry (Drs Bittar and Bonnefont-Rousselot), Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Université de Paris (Dr Bonnefont-Rousselot), CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Corinne Frere
- Department of Haematology (Dr Frere), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Varret
- Paris University and Sorbonne Paris Nord University (Dr Varret), National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM, LVTS), F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Michel Krempf
- CRNH-Ouest Mass Spectrometry Core Facility (Drs Croyal and Krempf), F-44000 Nantes, France; Clinique Bretéché (Dr Krempf), Groupe Elsan, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- Université de Nantes (Drs Cariou et Croyal), CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'Institut du Thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory (Drs Pučić-Baković and Lauc), Borongajska cesta 83H, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maryse Guerin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM (Drs Darabi, Guillas, Frisdal, Poupel, Carrie,Bittar, Guerin, Le Goff, and Kontush), Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Alain Carrie
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM (Drs Darabi, Guillas, Frisdal, Poupel, Carrie,Bittar, Guerin, Le Goff, and Kontush), Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Bruckert
- Endocrinologie Métabolisme et Prévention Cardiovasculaire (Drs Bruckert and Giral), Institut E3M et IHU Cardiométabolique (ICAN), Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Giral
- Endocrinologie Métabolisme et Prévention Cardiovasculaire (Drs Bruckert and Giral), Institut E3M et IHU Cardiométabolique (ICAN), Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM (Drs Darabi, Guillas, Frisdal, Poupel, Carrie,Bittar, Guerin, Le Goff, and Kontush), Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Anatol Kontush
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM (Drs Darabi, Guillas, Frisdal, Poupel, Carrie,Bittar, Guerin, Le Goff, and Kontush), Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France.
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11
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Merrill NJ, Davidson WS, He Y, Díaz Ludovico I, Sarkar S, Berger MR, McDermott JE, Van Eldik LJ, Wilcock DM, Monroe ME, Kyle JE, Bruce KD, Heinecke JW, Vaisar T, Raber J, Quinn JF, Melchior JT. Human cerebrospinal fluid contains diverse lipoprotein subspecies enriched in proteins implicated in central nervous system health. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi5571. [PMID: 37647397 PMCID: PMC10468133 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipoproteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the central nervous system (CNS) resemble plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), which are a compositionally and structurally diverse spectrum of nanoparticles with pleiotropic functionality. Whether CSF lipoproteins (CSF-Lps) exhibit similar heterogeneity is poorly understood because they are present at 100-fold lower concentrations than plasma HDL. To investigate the diversity of CSF-Lps, we developed a sensitive fluorescent technology to characterize lipoprotein subspecies in small volumes of human CSF. We identified 10 distinctly sized populations of CSF-Lps, most of which were larger than plasma HDL. Mass spectrometric analysis identified 303 proteins across the populations, over half of which have not been reported in plasma HDL. Computational analysis revealed that CSF-Lps are enriched in proteins important for wound healing, inflammation, immune response, and both neuron generation and development. Network analysis indicated that different subpopulations of CSF-Lps contain unique combinations of these proteins. Our study demonstrates that CSF-Lp subspecies likely exist that contain compositional signatures related to CNS health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J. Merrill
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - W. Sean Davidson
- Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Yi He
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ivo Díaz Ludovico
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Snigdha Sarkar
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Madelyn R. Berger
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jason E. McDermott
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Linda J. Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40504, USA
| | - Donna M. Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40504, USA
| | - Matthew E. Monroe
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Kyle
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Kimberley D. Bruce
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jay W. Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Radiation Medicine, ONPRC, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Neurology and Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center (PADRECC), VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland OR 97239, USA
| | - John T. Melchior
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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12
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Mobilia M, Karakashian A, Whitus C, Neupane KR, Johnson LA, Graf GA, Gordon SM. Enhancement of High-Density Lipoprotein-Associated Protease Inhibitor Activity Prevents Atherosclerosis Progression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.07.551670. [PMID: 37609198 PMCID: PMC10441367 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.07.551670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Inflammatory cells within atherosclerotic lesions secrete various proteolytic enzymes that contribute to lesion progression and destabilization, increasing the risk for an acute cardiovascular event. The relative contributions of specific proteases to atherogenesis is not well understood. Elastase is a serine protease, secreted by macrophages and neutrophils, that may contribute to the development of unstable plaque. We have previously reported interaction of endogenous protease-inhibitor proteins with high-density lipoprotein (HDL), including alpha-1-antitrypsin, an inhibitor of elastase. These findings support a potential role for HDL as an endogenous modulator of protease activity. In this study, we test the hypothesis that enhancement of HDL-associated elastase inhibitor activity is protective against atherosclerotic lesion progression. Methods We designed an HDL-targeting protease inhibitor (HTPI) that binds to HDL and confers elastase inhibitor activity. Lipoprotein binding and the impact of HTPI on atherosclerosis was examined using mouse models. Results HTPI is a small (1.6 kDa) peptide with an elastase inhibitor domain, a soluble linker, and an HDL-targeting domain. When incubated with human plasma ex vivo , HTPI predominantly binds to HDL. Intravenous administration of HTPI to mice resulted in its binding to plasma HDL and increased elastase inhibitor activity on isolated HDL. Accumulation of HTPI within plaque was observed after systemic administration to Apoe -/- mice. To examine the effect of HTPI treatment on atherosclerosis, prevention and progression studies were performed using Ldlr -/- mice fed Western diet. In both study designs, HTPI-treated mice had reduced lipid deposition in plaque. Histology and immunofluorescence staining of aortic root sections were used to examine the impact of HTPI on lesion morphology and inflammatory features. Conclusions These data support the hypothesis that HDL-associated anti-elastase activity can improve the atheroprotective potential of HDL and highlight the potential utility of HDL enrichment with anti-protease activity as an approach for stabilization of atherosclerotic lesions.
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13
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Huang C, Zhang J, Huang J, Li H, Wen K, Bao J, Wu X, Sun R, Abudukeremu A, Wang Y, He Z, Chen Q, Huang X, Wang H, Zhang Y. Proteomic and functional analysis of HDL subclasses in humans and rats: a proof-of-concept study. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:86. [PMID: 37386457 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The previous study investigated whether the functions of small, medium, and large high density lipoprotein (S/M/L-HDL) are correlated with protein changes in mice. Herein, the proteomic and functional analyses of high density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses were performed in humans and rats. METHODS After purifying S/M/L-HDL subclasses from healthy humans (n = 6) and rats (n = 3) using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) with calcium silica hydrate (CSH) resin, the proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry was conducted, as well as the capacities of cholesterol efflux and antioxidation was measured. RESULTS Of the 120 and 106 HDL proteins identified, 85 and 68 proteins were significantly changed in concentration among the S/M/L-HDL subclasses in humans and rats, respectively. Interestingly, it was found that the relatively abundant proteins in the small HDL (S-HDL) and large HDL (L-HDL) subclasses did not overlap, both in humans and in rats. Next, by searching for the biological functions of the relatively abundant proteins in the HDL subclasses via Gene Ontology, it was displayed that the relatively abundant proteins involved in lipid metabolism and antioxidation were enriched more in the medium HDL (M-HDL) subclass than in the S/L-HDL subclasses in humans, whereas in rats, the relatively abundant proteins associated with lipid metabolism and anti-oxidation were enriched in M/L-HDL and S/M-HDL, respectively. Finally, it was confirmed that M-HDL and L-HDL had the highest cholesterol efflux capacity among the three HDL subclasses in humans and rats, respectively; moreover, M-HDL exhibited higher antioxidative capacity than S-HDL in both humans and rats. CONCLUSIONS The S-HDL and L-HDL subclasses are likely to have different proteomic components during HDL maturation, and results from the proteomics-based comparison of the HDL subclasses may explain the associated differences in function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canxia Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Kexin Wen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jinlan Bao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Comprehensive Department, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Runlu Sun
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ayiguli Abudukeremu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhijian He
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qiaofei Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic & Cardiovascular Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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14
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Ahmed N, Kassis A, Malone J, Yang J, Zamzami E, Lin AH, Gordon SM, Gong M, Bardo M, Dalmasso C, Loria AS. Prenatal Morphine Exposure Increases Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Programs Neurogenic Hypertension in the Adult Offspring. Hypertension 2023; 80:1283-1296. [PMID: 37042247 PMCID: PMC10274123 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.20262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The opioid overdose and opioid use disorder epidemics are concomitant with increased metabolic and CVD risk. Although opioid use disorder causes adverse pregnancy outcomes, the offspring's cardiovascular health is understudied. We hypothesized that offspring exposed to in utero morphine exposure (IUME) would show increased CVD risk factors and endogenous opioid system dysregulation. METHODS Sprague Dawley dams were treated with saline (vehicle, n=10) or escalating doses of morphine (5-20 mg/kg per day, SC, n=10) during gestation. Cardiovascular and metabolic parameters were assessed in adult offspring. RESULTS Litter size and pups' birth weight were not different in response to IUME. Female and male IUME offspring showed reduced body length at birth (P<0.05) and body weight from weeks 1 to 3 of life (P<0.05), followed by a catch-up growth effect. By week 16, female and male IUME rats showed reduced tibia length (P<0.05) and fat mass. IUME increases the mean arterial pressure and the depressor response to mecamylamine (5 mg/kg per day, IP) induced by IUME were abolished by a chronic treatment with an alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker (prazosin; 1 mg/kg per day, IP). Although circulating levels of angiotensin peptides were similar between groups, IUME exacerbated maximal ex vivo Ang (angiotensin) II-induced vasoconstriction (P<0.05) and induced endothelial dysfunction in a sex-specific manner (P<0.05). Proenkephalin, an endogenous opioid peptide that lowers blood pressure and sympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction, showed reduced mRNA expression in the heart, aorta, and kidneys from morphine versus vehicle group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Among the effects of IUME, neurogenic hypertension, vascular dysfunction, and metabolic dysfunction could be associated with the dysregulation of the endogenous opioid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Alana Kassis
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Jena Malone
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Jodie Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Esraa Zamzami
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - An-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Scott M. Gordon
- SAHA Cardiovascular Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Ming Gong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Michael Bardo
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Carolina Dalmasso
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Analia S. Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- SAHA Cardiovascular Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
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15
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Lloyd-Jones C, Dos Santos Seckler H, DiStefano N, Sniderman A, Compton PD, Kelleher NL, Wilkins JT. Preparative Electrophoresis for HDL Particle Size Separation and Intact-Mass Apolipoprotein Proteoform Analysis. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:1455-1465. [PMID: 37053489 PMCID: PMC10436667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The most abundant proteins on high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), apolipoproteins A-I (APOA1) and A-II (APOA2), are determinants of HDL function with 15 and 9 proteoforms (chemical-structure variants), respectively. The relative abundance of these proteoforms in human serum is associated with HDL cholesterol efflux capacity, and cholesterol content. However, the association between proteoform concentrations and HDL size is unknown. We employed a novel native-gel electrophoresis technique, clear native gel-eluted liquid fraction entrapment electrophoresis (CN-GELFrEE) paired with mass spectrometry of intact proteins to investigate this association. Pooled serum was fractionated using acrylamide gels of lengths 8 and 25 cm. Western blotting determined molecular diameter and intact-mass spectrometry determined proteoform profiles of each fraction. The 8- and 25 cm experiments generated 19 and 36 differently sized HDL fractions, respectively. The proteoform distribution varied across size. Fatty-acylated APOA1 proteoforms were associated with larger HDL sizes (Pearson's R = 0.94, p = 4 × 10-7) and were approximately four times more abundant in particles larger than 9.6 nm than in total serum; HDL-unbound APOA1 was acylation-free and contained the pro-peptide proAPOA1. APOA2 proteoform abundance was similar across HDL sizes. Our results establish CN-GELFrEE as an effective lipid-particle separation technique and suggest that acylated proteoforms of APOA1 are associated with larger HDL particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Henrique Dos Santos Seckler
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nicholas DiStefano
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Allan Sniderman
- Royal Victoria Hospital-McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1W9, Canada
| | - Phillip D Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John T Wilkins
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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16
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Andraski AB, Singh SA, Higashi H, Lee LH, Aikawa M, Sacks FM. The distinct metabolism between large and small HDL indicates unique origins of human apolipoprotein A4. JCI Insight 2023; 8:162481. [PMID: 37092549 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A4's (APOA4's) functions on HDL in humans are not well understood. A unique feature of APOA4 is that it is an intestinal apolipoprotein secreted on HDL and chylomicrons. The goal of this study was to gain a better understanding of the origin and function of APOA4 on HDL by studying its metabolism across 6 HDL sizes. Twelve participants completed a metabolic tracer study. HDL was isolated by APOA1 immunopurification and separated by size. Tracer enrichments for APOA4 and APOA1 were determined by targeted mass spectrometry, and metabolic rates were derived by compartmental modeling. APOA4 metabolism on small HDL (alpha3, prebeta, and very small prebeta) was distinct from that of APOA4 on large HDL (alpha0, 1, 2). APOA4 on small HDL appeared in circulation by 30 minutes and was relatively rapidly catabolized. In contrast, APOA4 on large HDL appeared in circulation later (1-2 hours) and had a much slower catabolism. The unique metabolic profiles of APOA4 on small and large HDL likely indicate that each has a distinct origin and function in humans. This evidence supports the notion that APOA4 on small HDL originates directly from the small intestine while APOA4 on large HDL originates from chylomicron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B Andraski
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sasha A Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and
| | - Hideyuki Higashi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and
| | - Lang Ho Lee
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Woo JG, Melchior JT, Swertfeger DK, Remaley AT, Sise EA, Sosseh F, Welge JA, Prentice AM, Davidson WS, Moore SE, Woollett LA. Lipoprotein subfraction patterns throughout gestation in The Gambia: changes in subfraction composition and their relationships with infant birth weights. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:19. [PMID: 36737730 PMCID: PMC9896684 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein subfraction concentrations have been shown to change as gestation progresses in resource-rich settings. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of pregnancy on different-sized lipoprotein particle concentrations and compositions in a resource-poor setting. METHOD Samples were collected from pregnant women in rural Gambia at enrollment (8-20 weeks), 20 weeks, and 30 weeks of gestation. Concentrations of different-sized high-density, low-density, and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles (HDL, LDL, and TRL, respectively) were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance in 126 pooled plasma samples from a subset of women. HDL was isolated and the HDL proteome evaluated using mass spectroscopy. Subfraction concentrations from women in The Gambia were also compared to concentrations in women in the U.S. in mid gestation. RESULTS Total lipoprotein particles and all-sized TRL, LDL, and HDL particle concentrations increased during gestation, with the exception of medium-sized LDL and HDL particles which decreased. Subfraction concentrations were not associated with infant birth weights, though relationships were found between some lipoprotein subfraction concentrations in women with normal versus low birth weight infants (< 2500 kg). HDL's proteome also changed during gestation, showing enrichment in proteins associated with metal ion binding, hemostasis, lipid metabolism, protease inhibitors, proteolysis, and complement activation. Compared to women in the U.S., Gambian women had lower large- and small-sized LDL and HDL concentrations, but similar medium-sized LDL and HDL concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Most lipoprotein subfraction concentrations increase throughout pregnancy in Gambian women and are lower in Gambian vs U.S. women, the exception being medium-sized LDL and HDL particle concentrations which decrease during gestation and are similar in both cohorts of women. The proteomes of HDL also change in ways to support gestation. These changes warrant further study to determine how a lack of change or different changes could impact negative pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Woo
- Departments of Pediatrics and Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John T Melchior
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, WA, Richland, USA
| | - Debi K Swertfeger
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ebrima A Sise
- MRC Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Fatou Sosseh
- MRC Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Jeffrey A Welge
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- MRC Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sophie E Moore
- MRC Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Laura A Woollett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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18
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HDL Functions-Current Status and Future Perspectives. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010105. [PMID: 36671490 PMCID: PMC9855960 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Western countries. A low HDL-C is associated with the development of CVD. However, recent epidemiology studies have shown U-shaped curves between HDL-C and CVD mortality, with paradoxically increased CVD mortality in patients with extremely high HDL-C levels. Furthermore, HDL-C raising therapy using nicotinic acids or CETP inhibitors mostly failed to reduce CVD events. Based on this background, HDL functions rather than HDL-C could be a novel biomarker; research on the clinical utility of HDL functionality is ongoing. In this review, we summarize the current status of HDL functions and their future perspectives from the findings of basic research and clinical trials.
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19
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Sim RZH, Tham YC, Betzler BK, Zhou L, Wang X, Sabanayagam C, Cheung GCM, Wong TY, Cheng CY, Nusinovici S. Relationships between Lipid-Related Metabolites and Age-Related Macular Degeneration Vary with Complement Genotype. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2022; 2:100211. [PMID: 36531576 PMCID: PMC9755028 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2022.100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipid dysregulation and complement system (CS) activation are 2 important pathophysiology pathways for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We hypothesized that the relationship between lipids and AMD may also differ according to CS genotype profile. Thus, the objective was to investigate the relationships between lipid-related metabolites and AMD according to CS genotypes. DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 6947 participants from Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases study with complete relevant data were included. METHODS We investigated a total of 32 blood lipid-related metabolites from nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics data including lipoproteins and their subclasses, cholesterols, glycerides, and phospholipids, as well as 4 CS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs10922109 (complement factor H), rs10033900 (complement factor I), rs116503776 (C2-CFB-SKIV2L), and rs2230199 (C3). We first investigated the associations between AMD and the 32 lipid-related metabolites using multivariable logistic regression models. Then, to investigate whether the effect of lipid-related metabolites on AMD differ according to the CS SNPs, we tested the possible interactions between the CS SNPs and the lipid-related metabolites. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Age-related macular degeneration was defined using the Wisconsin grading system. RESULTS Among the 6947 participants, the prevalence of AMD was 6.1%, and the mean age was 58.3 years. First, higher levels of cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and medium and large HDL particles were associated with an increased risk of AMD, and higher levels of serum total triglycerides (TG) and several very-low-density lipoprotein subclass particles were associated with a decreased risk of AMD. Second, these lipids had significant interaction effects on AMD with 2 CS SNPs: rs2230199 and rs116503776 (after correction for multiple testing). For rs2230199, in individuals without risk allele, higher total cholesterol in HDL2 was associated with an increased AMD risk (odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation increase, 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.37; P = 0.005), whereas, in individuals with at least 1 risk allele, higher levels of these particles were associated with a decreased AMD risk (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.45-1.05; P = 0.079). Conversely, for rs116503776, in individuals without risk allele, higher serum total TG were associated with a decreased AMD risk (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74-0.95; P = 0.005), whereas, in individuals with 2 risk alleles, higher levels of these particles were associated with an increased risk of AMD (OR, 2.3, 95% CI, 0.99-5.39, P = 0.054). CONCLUSIONS Lipid-related metabolites exhibit opposite directions of effects on AMD according to CS genotypes. This indicates that lipid metabolism and CS may have synergistic interplay in the AMD pathogenesis.
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Key Words
- AMD, age-related macular degeneration
- Age-related macular degeneration
- CFH, complement factor H
- CS, complement system
- Complement system
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- Lipids
- Metabolites
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- OR, odds ratio
- RPE, retinal pigment epithelium
- SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism
- TG, triglycerides
- VLDL, very-low–density lipoprotein
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralene Zi Hui Sim
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Yih-Chung Tham
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Gemmy Chiu Ming Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Simon Nusinovici
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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20
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Human lipoproteins comprise at least 12 different classes that are lognormally distributed. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275066. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the results of HPLC, a gentler and rapid separation method in comparison with the conventional ultracentrifugation, for 55 human serum samples. The elution patterns were analysed parametrically, and the attribute of each class was confirmed biochemically. Human samples contained 12 classes of lipoproteins, each of which may consist primarily of proteins. There are three classes of VLDLs. The level of each class was distributed lognormally, and the standard amount and the 95% range were estimated. Some lipoprotein classes with a narrow range could become ideal indicators of specific diseases. This lognormal character suggests that the levels are controlled by the synergy of multiple factors; multiple undesirable lifestyle habits may drastically increase the levels of specific lipoprotein classes. Lipoproteins in medical samples have been measured by enzymatic methods that coincide with conventional ultracentrifugation; however, the high gravity and time required for ultracentrifugation can cause sample degradation. Actually, the enzymatic methods measured the levels of several mixed classes. The targets of enzymatic methods have to be revised.
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21
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Holzer M, Ljubojevic-Holzer S, Souza Junior DR, Stadler JT, Rani A, Scharnagl H, Ronsein GE, Marsche G. HDL Isolated by Immunoaffinity, Ultracentrifugation, or Precipitation is Compositionally and Functionally Distinct. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100307. [PMID: 36511335 PMCID: PMC9720336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The HDL proteome has been widely recognized as an important mediator of HDL function. While a variety of HDL isolation methods exist, their impact on the HDL proteome and its associated function remain largely unknown. Here, we compared three of the most common methods for HDL isolation, namely immunoaffinity (IA), density gradient ultracentrifugation (UC), and dextran-sulfate precipitation (DS), in terms of their effects on the HDL proteome and associated functionalities. We used state-of-the-art mass spectrometry to identify 171 proteins across all three isolation methods. IA-HDL contained higher levels of paraoxonase 1, apoB, clusterin, vitronectin, and fibronectin, while UC-HDL had higher levels of apoA2, apoC3, and α-1-antytrypsin. DS-HDL was enriched with apoA4 and complement proteins, while the apoA2 content was very low. Importantly, size-exclusion chromatography analysis showed that IA-HDL isolates contained subspecies in the size range above 12 nm, which were entirely absent in UC-HDL and DS-HDL isolates. Analysis of these subspecies indicated that they primarily consisted of apoA1, IGκC, apoC1, and clusterin. Functional analysis revealed that paraoxonase 1 activity was almost completely lost in IA-HDL, despite high paraoxonase content. We observed that the elution conditions, using 3M thiocyanate, during IA resulted in an almost complete loss of paraoxonase 1 activity. Notably, the cholesterol efflux capacity of UC-HDL and DS-HDL was significantly higher compared to IA-HDL. Together, our data clearly demonstrate that the isolation procedure has a substantial impact on the composition, subclass distribution, and functionality of HDL. In summary, our data show that the isolation procedure has a significant impact on the composition, subclass distribution and functionality of HDL. Our data can be helpful in the comparison, replication and analysis of proteomic datasets of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Holzer
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto-Loewi Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria,For correspondence: Michael Holzer
| | - Senka Ljubojevic-Holzer
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria,Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Julia T. Stadler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto-Loewi Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alankrita Rani
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto-Loewi Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Graziella Eliza Ronsein
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto-Loewi Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
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22
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Radeghieri A, Alacqua S, Zendrini A, Previcini V, Todaro F, Martini G, Ricotta D, Bergese P. Active antithrombin glycoforms are selectively physiosorbed on plasma extracellular vesicles. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e57. [PMID: 38938771 PMCID: PMC11080738 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Antithrombin (AT) is a glycoprotein produced by the liver and a principal antagonist of active clotting proteases. A deficit in AT function leads to AT qualitative deficiency, challenging to diagnose. Here we report that active AT may travel physiosorbed on the surface of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs), contributing to form the "EV-protein corona." The corona is enriched in specific AT glycoforms, thus suggesting glycosylation to play a key role in AT partitioning between EVs and plasma. Differences in AT glycoform composition of the corona of EVs separated from plasma of healthy and AT qualitative deficiency-affected subjects were also noticed. This suggests deconstructing the plasma into its nanostructured components, as EVs, could suggest novel directions to unravel pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Radeghieri
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
| | - Silvia Alacqua
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Andrea Zendrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
| | - Vanessa Previcini
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Francesca Todaro
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Giuliana Martini
- Clinical Chemistry LaboratorySpedali Civili HospitalBresciaItaly
| | - Doris Ricotta
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- GLG Klinikum Barnim GmbH, Werner Forßmann Klinikum EberswaldeEberswaldeGermany
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), National Research CouncilPalermoItaly
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23
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Abstract
Apolipoproteins, the protein component of lipoproteins, play an important role in lipid transport, lipoprotein assembly, and receptor recognition. Apolipoproteins are glycosylated and the glycan moieties play an integral role in apolipoprotein function. Changes in apolipoprotein glycosylation correlate with several diseases manifesting in dyslipidemias. Despite their relevance in apolipoprotein function and diseases, the total glycan repertoire of most apolipoproteins remains undefined. This review summarizes the current knowledge and knowledge gaps regarding human apolipoprotein glycan composition, structure, glycosylation site, and functions. Given the relevance of glycosylation to apolipoprotein function, we expect that future studies of apolipoprotein glycosylation will contribute new understanding of disease processes and uncover relevant biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Considering these future efforts, we also provide a brief overview of current mass spectrometry based technologies that can be applied to define detailed glycan structures, site-specific compositions, and the role of emerging approaches for clinical applications in biomarker discovery and personalized medicine.
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24
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Sacks F, Furtado J, Jensen M. Protein-based HDL subspecies: Rationale and association with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, and dementia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Saraswathi K, Suresh M, Pandurangan A. Synthesis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, spectral investigations, DFT calculations, ADME studies and molecular docking of Hexahydropyrimidines derivative against dimeric Apolipoprotein A-IV. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Elucidation of physico-chemical principles of high-density lipoprotein-small RNA binding interactions. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101952. [PMID: 35447119 PMCID: PMC9133651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular small RNAs (sRNAs) are abundant in many biofluids, but little is known about their mechanisms of transport and stability in RNase-rich environments. We previously reported that high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) in mice were enriched with multiple classes of sRNAs derived from the endogenous transcriptome, but also from exogenous organisms. Here, we show that human HDL transports tRNA-derived sRNAs (tDRs) from host and nonhost species, the profiles of which were found to be altered in human atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that HDL binds to tDRs through apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and that these interactions are conferred by RNA-specific features. We tested this using microscale thermophoresis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays and found that HDL binds to tDRs and other single-stranded sRNAs with strong affinity but did not bind to double-stranded RNA or DNA. Furthermore, we show that natural and synthetic RNA modifications influenced tDR binding to HDL. We demonstrate that reconstituted HDL bound to tDRs only in the presence of apoA-I, and purified apoA-I alone were able to bind sRNA. Conversely, phosphatidylcholine vesicles did not bind tDRs. In summary, we conclude that HDL binds to single-stranded sRNAs likely through nonionic interactions with apoA-I. These results highlight binding properties that likely enable extracellular RNA communication and provide a foundation for future studies to manipulate HDL-sRNA interactions for therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat disease.
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27
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Wu Y, Chen L, Xie Z, Wang C, Zhang J, Yan X. Effects of ABCG1 knockout on proteomic composition of HDL in mice on a chow diet and a High-Fat Diet. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100028. [PMID: 35234362 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) is a cellular transmembrane protein that transports oxysterol efflux from cells to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in the plasma. Previous studies have demonstrated that an ABCG1 deficiency exerts an antiatherosclerotic function through the effects of oxysterol accumulation in cells to enhance apoptosis and regulate inflammatory processes. However, whether the deficiency of ABCG1 and the corresponding changes in the efflux of oxysterols could take a series of impacts on the proteomic composition of HDL remains unclear. Here, plasma HDL of ABCG1(-/-) mice and their wild-type controls on a normal chow diet (NCD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) were isolated by ultracentrifugation. The proportion of 7-ketocholesterol and the proteomic composition of samples were comparatively analyzed by LC-MS/MS. In NCD-fed mice, lipid metabolism-related protein (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) and antioxidative protein (pantetheinase) exhibited increased accumulation, and inflammatory response protein (alpha-1-antitrypsin) was decreased in accumulation in ABCG1(-/-) mice HDL. In HFD-fed mice, fewer proteins were detected than that of NCD-fed mice. The ABCG1(-/-) mice HDL exhibited increased accumulation of lipid metabolism-related proteins (e.g., carboxylesterase 1C, apolipoprotein (apo)C-4) and decreased accumulation of alpha-1-antitrypsin, as well as significantly reduced proportion of 7-ketocholesterol. Additionally, positive correlations were found between 7-ketocholesterol and some essential proteins on HDL, such as alpha-1-antitrypsin, apoA-4, apoB-100 and serum amyloid A. These results suggest a detrimental impact of oxysterols on HDL composition, which might affect the antiatherosclerotic properties of HDL. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfeng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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28
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Mauschitz MM, Finger RP. Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Cardiovascular Diseases: Revisiting the Common Soil Theory. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2022; 11:94-99. [PMID: 35213420 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a complex disease associated with aging, remains one of the leading causes of visual loss in high-income countries and its prevalence is expected to increase over the next decades. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy has been considered a variant of neovascular AMD and is highly prevalent in Asian populations. Similarly, cardiovascular disease (CVD)-another complex disease associated with aging-is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in high-income countries and its prevalence is also expected to increase due to population aging. Previous studies reported an increased risk for CVD in AMD patients, indicating an underlying "common soil." Reviewing the current literature, consistent evidence for common risk factors and mutual comorbidity was identified for both diseases. Cardiovascular risk factors include smoking, diet, and low levels of physical activity, which also play a role in AMD pathogenesis. Several studies demonstrated AMD patients to be at higher risk for CVD compared to the general older population. The complexity of both diseases, however, complicates research on their relation, and thus studies ought to be interpreted with caution. Herein we present an overview of selected studies and their main "take-home messages" on this topic, and hypothesize on the patho-etiologic "common ground" of these 2 diseases.
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29
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Woollett LA, Catov JM, Jones HN. Roles of maternal HDL during pregnancy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159106. [PMID: 34995789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High density lipoproteins (HDL) were first linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) over 30 years ago when an inverse relationship was shown between CVD and HDL-cholesterol levels. It is now apparent that HDL composition and function, not cholesterol levels, are the pertinent measurements describing HDL's role in various disease processes, especially those with subclinical or overt inflammation. SCOPE OF REVIEW Pregnancy is also an inflammatory state. When inflammation becomes excessive during pregnancy, there is an increased risk for adverse outcomes that affect the health of the mother and fetus, including preterm birth and preeclampsia. Though studies on HDL during pregnancy are limited, recent evidence demonstrates that HDL composition and function change during pregnancy and in women with adverse outcomes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE In this review, we will discuss how HDL may play a role in maintaining a healthy pregnancy and how impairments in function could lead to pregnancies with adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Woollett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
| | - Janet M Catov
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
| | - Helen N Jones
- Center for Research in Perinatal Outcomes, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Center for Research in Perinatal Outcomes, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
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30
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Davidson WS, Shah AS, Sexmith H, Gordon SM. The HDL Proteome Watch: Compilation of studies leads to new insights on HDL function. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159072. [PMID: 34800735 PMCID: PMC8715479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW High density lipoproteins (HDL) are a heterogeneous family of particles that contain distinct complements of proteins that define their function. Thus, it is important to accurately and sensitively identify proteins associated with HDL. Here we highlight the HDL Proteome Watch Database which tracks proteomics studies from different laboratories across the world. RECENT FINDINGS In 45 published reports, almost 1000 individual proteins have been detected in preparations of HDL. Of these, 251 have been identified in at least three different laboratories. The known functions of these consensus HDL proteins go well beyond traditionally recognized roles in lipid transport with many proteins pointing to HDL functions in innate immunity, inflammation, cell adhesion, hemostasis and protease regulation, and even vitamin and metal binding. SUMMARY The HDL proteome derived across multiple studies using various methodologies provides confidence in protein identifications that can offer interesting new insights into HDL function. We also point out significant issues that will require additional study going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, United States of America.
| | - Amy S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America.
| | - Hannah Sexmith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America.
| | - Scott M Gordon
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America.
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31
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Wang D, Yu B, Li Q, Guo Y, Koike T, Koike Y, Wu Q, Zhang J, Mao L, Tang X, Sun L, Lin X, Wu J, Chen YE, Peng D, Zeng R. OUP accepted manuscript. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6547772. [PMID: 35278086 PMCID: PMC9254886 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein, especially high-density lipoprotein (HDL), particles are composed of multiple heterogeneous subgroups containing various proteins and lipids. The molecular distribution among these subgroups is closely related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here, we established high-resolution proteomics and lipidomics (HiPL) methods to depict the molecular profiles across lipoprotein (Lipo-HiPL) and HDL (HDL-HiPL) subgroups by optimizing the resolution of anion-exchange chromatography and comprehensive quantification of proteins and lipids on the omics level. Furthermore, based on the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis of molecular profiles across high-resolution subgroups, we achieved the relationship of proteome‒lipidome connectivity (PLC) for lipoprotein and HDL particles. By application of these methods to high-fat, high-cholesterol diet-fed rabbits and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, we uncovered the delicate dynamics of the molecular profile and reconstruction of lipoprotein and HDL particles. Of note, the PLC features revealed by the HDL-HiPL method discriminated ACS from healthy individuals better than direct proteome and lipidome quantification or PLC features revealed by the Lipo-HiPL method, suggesting their potential in ACS diagnosis. Together, we established HiPL methods to trace the dynamics of the molecular profile and PLC of lipoprotein and even HDL during the development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tomonari Koike
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yui Koike
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qingqing Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | | | | | - Rong Zeng
- Correspondence to: Rong Zeng, E-mail:
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32
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Hossaini Nasr S, Huang X. Nanotechnology for Targeted Therapy of Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:755569. [PMID: 34867370 PMCID: PMC8633109 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.755569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major cause of heart attack and stroke that are the leading causes of death in the world. Nanomedicine is a powerful tool that can be engineered to target atherosclerotic plaques for therapeutic and diagnosis purposes. In this review, advances in designing nanoparticles with therapeutic effects on atherosclerotic plaques known as atheroprotective nanomedicine have been summarized to stimulate further development and future translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedmehdi Hossaini Nasr
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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33
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Van Valkenburgh J, Meuret C, Martinez AE, Kodancha V, Solomon V, Chen K, Yassine HN. Understanding the Exchange of Systemic HDL Particles Into the Brain and Vascular Cells Has Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:700847. [PMID: 34552500 PMCID: PMC8450374 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.700847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are complex, heterogenous lipoprotein particles, consisting of a large family of apolipoproteins, formed in subspecies of distinct shapes, sizes, and functions and are synthesized in both the brain and the periphery. HDL apolipoproteins are important determinants of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology and vascular dementia, having both central and peripheral effects on brain amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation and vascular functions, however, the extent to which HDL particles (HLD-P) can exchange their protein and lipid components between the central nervous system (CNS) and the systemic circulation remains unclear. In this review, we delineate how HDL’s structure and composition enable exchange between the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartment, and vascular cells that ultimately affect brain amyloid metabolism and atherosclerosis. Accordingly, we then elucidate how modifications of HDL-P have diagnostic and therapeutic potential for brain vascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juno Van Valkenburgh
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cristiana Meuret
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ashley E Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vibha Kodancha
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Victoria Solomon
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Finamore F, Nieddu G, Rocchiccioli S, Spirito R, Guarino A, Formato M, Lepedda AJ. Apolipoprotein Signature of HDL and LDL from Atherosclerotic Patients in Relation with Carotid Plaque Typology: A Preliminary Report. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091156. [PMID: 34572342 PMCID: PMC8465382 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past years, it has become increasingly clear that the protein cargo of the different lipoprotein classes is largely responsible for carrying out their various functions, also in relation to pathological conditions, including atherosclerosis. Accordingly, detailed information about their apolipoprotein composition and structure may contribute to the revelation of their role in atherogenesis and the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to atherosclerotic degeneration and toward vulnerable plaque formation. With this aim, shotgun proteomics was applied to identify the apolipoprotein signatures of both high-density and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) plasma fractions purified from healthy volunteers and atherosclerotic patients with different plaque typologies who underwent carotid endarterectomy. By this approach, two proteins with potential implications in inflammatory, immune, and hemostatic pathways, namely, integrin beta-2 (P05107) and secretoglobin family 3A member 2 (Q96PL1), have been confirmed to belong to the HDL proteome. Similarly, the list of LDL-associated proteins has been enriched with 21 proteins involved in complement and coagulation cascades and the acute-phase response, which potentially double the protein species of LDL cargo. Moreover, differential expression analysis has shown protein signatures specific for patients with “hard” or “soft” plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Finamore
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Gabriele Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Silvia Rocchiccioli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Rita Spirito
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy; (R.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Anna Guarino
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy; (R.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Marilena Formato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Antonio Junior Lepedda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.N.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence:
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35
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Pregnancy is accompanied by larger high density lipoprotein particles and compositionally distinct subspecies. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100107. [PMID: 34416270 PMCID: PMC8441201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is accompanied by significant physiological changes, which can impact the health and development of the fetus and mother. Pregnancy-induced changes in plasma lipoproteins are well documented, with modest to no impact observed on the generic measure of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. However, the impact of pregnancy on the concentration and composition of HDL subspecies has not been examined in depth. In this prospective study, we collected plasma from 24 nonpregnant and 19 pregnant women in their second trimester. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), we quantified 11 different lipoprotein subspecies from plasma by size, including three in the HDL class. We observed an increase in the number of larger HDL particles in pregnant women, which were confirmed by tracking phospholipids across lipoproteins using high-resolution gel-filtration chromatography. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we identified 87 lipid-associated proteins across size-speciated fractions. We report drastic shifts in multiple protein clusters across different HDL size fractions in pregnant females compared with nonpregnant controls that have major implications on HDL function. These findings significantly elevate our understanding of how changes in lipoprotein metabolism during pregnancy could impact the health of both the fetus and the mother.
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36
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Zheng JJ, Agus JK, Hong BV, Tang X, Rhodes CH, Houts HE, Zhu C, Kang JW, Wong M, Xie Y, Lebrilla CB, Mallick E, Witwer KW, Zivkovic AM. Isolation of HDL by sequential flotation ultracentrifugation followed by size exclusion chromatography reveals size-based enrichment of HDL-associated proteins. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16086. [PMID: 34373542 PMCID: PMC8352908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles have multiple beneficial and cardioprotective roles, yet our understanding of their full structural and functional repertoire is limited due to challenges in separating HDL particles from contaminating plasma proteins and other lipid-carrying particles that overlap HDL in size and/or density. Here we describe a method for isolating HDL particles using a combination of sequential flotation density ultracentrifugation and fast protein liquid chromatography with a size exclusion column. Purity was visualized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and verified by proteomics, while size and structural integrity were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. This HDL isolation method can be used to isolate a high yield of purified HDL from a low starting plasma volume for functional analyses. This method also enables investigators to select their specific HDL fraction of interest: from the least inclusive but highest purity HDL fraction eluting in the middle of the HDL peak, to pooling all of the fractions to capture the breadth of HDL particles in the original plasma sample. We show that certain proteins such as lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), and clusterin (CLUS) are enriched in large HDL particles whereas proteins such as alpha-2HS-glycoprotein (A2HSG), alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT), and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) are enriched or found exclusively in small HDL particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne K Agus
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brian V Hong
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xinyu Tang
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Hannah E Houts
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chenghao Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jea Woo Kang
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maurice Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yixuan Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Emily Mallick
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angela M Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Melchior JT, Street SE, Vaisar T, Hart R, Jerome J, Kuklenyik Z, Clouet-Foraison N, Thornock C, Bedi S, Shah AS, Segrest JP, Heinecke JW, Davidson WS. Apolipoprotein A-I modulates HDL particle size in the absence of apolipoprotein A-II. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100099. [PMID: 34324889 PMCID: PMC8385444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are a complex mixture of structurally-related nanoparticles that perform distinct physiological functions. We previously showed human HDL containing apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) but not apolipoprotein A-II (APOA2), designated LpA-I, is composed primarily of two discretely sized populations. Here, we isolated these particles directly from human plasma by antibody affinity chromatography, separated them by high-resolution size exclusion chromatography and performed a deep molecular characterization of each species. The large and small LpA-I populations were spherical with mean diameters of 109 Å and 91 Å, respectively. Unexpectedly, isotope dilution MS/MS with [15N]-APOA1 in concert with quantitation of particle concentration by calibrated ion mobility analysis demonstrated that the large particles contained fewer APOA1 molecules than the small particles; the stoichiometries were 3.0 and 3.7 molecules of APOA1 per particle, respectively. MS/MS experiments showed that the protein cargo of large LpA-I particles was more diverse. Human HDL and isolated particles containing both APOA1 and APOA2 exhibit a much wider range and variation of particle sizes than LpA-I, indicating that APOA2 is likely the major contributor to HDL size heterogeneity. We propose a ratchet model based on the trefoil structure of APOA1 whereby the helical cage maintaining particle structure has two 'settings' - large and small - that accounts for these findings. This understanding of the determinants of HDL particle size and protein cargo distribution serves as a basis for determining the roles of HDL subpopulations in metabolism and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Melchior
- Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237; Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99354
| | - Scott E Street
- Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Rachel Hart
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Jay Jerome
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Zsuzsanna Kuklenyik
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341
| | - Noemie Clouet-Foraison
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Carissa Thornock
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Shimpi Bedi
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99354
| | - Amy S Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Jere P Segrest
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237.
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Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Loss-of-Function Is Detrimental to the Juvenile Host With Septic Shock. Crit Care Med 2021; 48:1513-1520. [PMID: 32769621 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 is a central regulator of lipid metabolism and has been implicated in regulating the host response to sepsis. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 loss-of-function is associated with improved sepsis outcomes in the adult host through increased hepatic bacterial clearance. Thus, there is interest in leveraging proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy in adults with sepsis. We sought to validate this association in children with septic shock and in a juvenile murine model of sepsis. DESIGN Prospectively enrolled cohort of children with septic shock; experimental mice. SETTING Seventeen participating institutions; research laboratory. PATIENTS AND SUBJECTS Five-hundred twenty-two children with septic shock; juvenile (14 d old) and adult (10-14 wk) mice with constitutive proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 null and wildtype control mice (C57BL/6). INTERVENTIONS Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, serum proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and lipid profiles in patients. Cecal slurry murine model of sepsis; survival studies in juvenile and adult mice, assessment of lipoprotein fractions, bacterial burden, and inflammation in juvenile mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS PCSK9 loss-of-function genetic variants were independently associated with increased odds of complicated course and mortality in children with septic shock. PCSK9, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein concentrations were lower among patients with complicated course relative to those without. PCSK9 concentrations negatively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-8. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 loss-of-function decreased survival in juvenile mice, but increased survival in adult mice with sepsis. PCSK9 loss-of-function resulted in low lipoproteins and decreased hepatic bacterial burden in juvenile mice. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the adult host, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 loss-of-function is detrimental to the juvenile host with septic shock. PCSK9 loss-of-function, in the context of low lipoproteins, may result in reduced hepatic bacterial clearance in the juvenile host with septic shock. Our data indicate that children should be excluded in sepsis clinical trials involving proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors.
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Vickers KC, Michell DL. HDL-small RNA Export, Transport, and Functional Delivery in Atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:38. [PMID: 33983531 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights recent advances on the mechanisms and impact of HDL-small non-coding RNAs (sRNA) on intercellular communication in atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Studies demonstrate that HDL-microRNAs (miRNA) are significantly altered in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and are responsive to diet, obesity, and diabetes. Immune cells, pancreatic beta cells, and neurons are shown to export miRNAs to HDL. In turn, HDL can deliver functional miRNAs to recipient hepatocytes and endothelial cells regulating adhesion molecule expression, cytokines, and angiogenesis. With high-throughput sRNA sequencing, we now appreciate the full sRNA signature on circulating HDL, including the transport of rRNA and tRNA-derived fragments. Strikingly, HDL were highly enriched with exogenous microbial sRNAs. HDL transport a diverse set of host and non-host sRNAs that are altered in cardiometabolic diseases. Given the bioactivity of these sRNAs, they likely contribute to cellular communication within atherosclerotic lesions, and are potential disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave. 312 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Danielle L Michell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave. 312 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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40
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Sokooti S, Flores-Guerrero JL, Kieneker LM, Heerspink HJL, Connelly MA, Bakker SJL, Dullaart RPF. HDL Particle Subspecies and Their Association With Incident Type 2 Diabetes: The PREVEND Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1761-1772. [PMID: 33567068 PMCID: PMC8118359 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT High-density lipoproteins (HDL) may be protective against type 2 diabetes (T2D) development, but HDL particles vary in size and function, which could lead to differential associations with incident T2D. A newly developed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-derived algorithm provides concentrations for 7 HDL subspecies. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the association of HDL particle subspecies with incident T2D in the general population. METHODS Among 4828 subjects of the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease (PREVEND) study without T2D at baseline, HDL subspecies with increasing size from H1P to H7P were measured by NMR (LP4 algorithm of the Vantera NMR platform). RESULTS A total of 265 individuals developed T2D (median follow-up of 7.3 years). In Cox regression models, HDL size and H4P (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD increase 0.83 [95% CI, 0.69-0.99] and 0.85 [95% CI, 0.75-0.95], respectively) were inversely associated with incident T2D, after adjustment for relevant covariates. In contrast, levels of H2P were positively associated with incident T2D (HR 1.15 [95% CI, 1.01-1.32]). In secondary analyses, associations with large HDL particles and H6P were modified by body mass index (BMI) in such a way that they were particularly associated with a lower risk of incident T2D, in subjects with BMI < 30 kg/m2. CONCLUSION Greater HDL size and lower levels of H4P were associated with a lower risk, whereas higher levels of H2P were associated with a higher risk of developing T2D. In addition, large HDL particles and H6P were inversely associated with T2D in nonobese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sokooti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
- Correspondence: Sara Sokooti Oskooei, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Jose L Flores-Guerrero
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lyanne M Kieneker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hiddo J L Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Margery A Connelly
- Laboratory Corporation of America® Holdings (LabCorp), Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
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41
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Gourgari E, Nadeau KJ, Pyle L, Playford MP, Ma J, Mehta NN, Remaley AT, Gordon SM. Effect of metformin on the high-density lipoprotein proteome in youth with type 1 diabetes. ENDOCRINOLOGY DIABETES & METABOLISM 2021; 4:e00261. [PMID: 34277985 PMCID: PMC8279605 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have normal or elevated High‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL‐C), however, the function of HDL, partly mediated by the HDL proteome, may be impaired. Metformin can be used as an adjunct therapy in youth with T1D, but its effects on the HDL proteome are unknown. Objective To determine the effect of metformin on the HDL proteome. Subjects Youth (12–20 years old) with T1D who had a BMI > 90th percentile, HbA1c > 8.0% and Tanner stage 5. Methods Double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled randomized sub‐study. We examined the effects of metformin (n = 25) or placebo (n = 10) after 6 months on HDL proteome. Changes in HDL proteins were measured by data‐independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry and compared between treatment groups. As a secondary outcome, associations between proteins of interest and the most studied function of HDL, the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), was examined. Results The relative abundance of 84 HDL‐associated proteins were measured. Two proteins were significantly affected by metformin treatment, peptidoglycan recognition protein 2 (PGRP2; +23.4%, p = .0058) and alpha‐2‐macroglobulin (A2MG; +29.8%, p = .049). Metformin did not significantly affect CEC. Changes in affected HDL proteins did not correlate with CEC. Conclusions Despite having little effect on HDL‐C, metformin increased PGRP2 and A2MG protein on HDL in youth with T1D, but had no significant effect on CEC. Further studies are needed to understand the impact of PGRP2 and A2MG on other HDL functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Gourgari
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Department of Pediatrics Georgetown University Washington DC USA
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Laura Pyle
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics Colorado School of Public Health Aurora CO USA
| | - Martin P Playford
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Scott M Gordon
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA.,Department of Physiology University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA
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42
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Davidson WS, Cooke AL, Swertfeger DK, Shah AS. The Difference Between High Density Lipoprotein Subfractions and Subspecies: an Evolving Model in Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:23. [PMID: 33772657 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00925-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The term high density lipoproteins (HDL) refers to an eclectic collection of subparticles that play diverse roles in physiology. Here, we define the term "HDL subspecies" and review recent work on their molecular characterization and relation to disease, focusing on cardiovascular disease and diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS The HDL family contains over 200 proteins and nearly 200 lipids that partition into different particles in plasma. Simple subfractionation of HDL based on a particular physicochemical property has not risen to the challenge of revealing the roles of specific particles in disease. However, by targeting minor protein or lipid components, a handful of compositionally defined HDL subspecies have been described and characterized. By combining targeted particle isolation techniques with the power of large human studies, progress is being made in understanding HDL subspecies functions and implications for disease. However, much work remains before these advancements can be translated into disease mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, USA.
| | | | - Debi K Swertfeger
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, 45229, USA
| | - Amy S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, 45229, USA
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Koike T, Koike Y, Yang D, Guo Y, Rom O, Song J, Xu J, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zhu T, Garcia-Barrio MT, Fan J, Chen YE, Zhang J. Human apolipoprotein A-II reduces atherosclerosis in knock-in rabbits. Atherosclerosis 2021; 316:32-40. [PMID: 33296791 PMCID: PMC7770079 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Apolipoprotein A-II (apoAII) is the second major apolipoprotein of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle, after apoAI. Unlike apoAI, the biological and physiological functions of apoAII are unclear. We aimed to gain insight into the specific roles of apoAII in lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis using a novel rabbit model. METHODS Wild-type (WT) rabbits are naturally deficient in apoAII, thus their HDL contains only apoAI. Using TALEN technology, we replaced the endogenous apoAI in rabbits through knock-in (KI) of human apoAII. The newly generated apoAII KI rabbits were used to study the specific function of apoAII, independent of apoAI. RESULTS ApoAII KI rabbits expressed exclusively apoAII without apoAI, as confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. On a standard diet, the KI rabbits exhibited lower plasma triglycerides (TG, 52%, p < 0.01) due to accelerated clearance of TG-rich particles and higher lipoprotein lipase activity than the WT littermates. ApoAII KI rabbits also had higher plasma HDL-C (28%, p < 0.05) and their HDL was rich in apoE, apoAIV, and apoAV. When fed a cholesterol-rich diet for 16 weeks, apoAII KI rabbits were resistant to diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia and developed significantly less aortic atherosclerosis compared to WT rabbits. HDL isolated from rabbits with apoAII KI had similar cholesterol efflux capacity and anti-inflammatory effects as HDL isolated from the WT rabbits. CONCLUSIONS ApoAII KI rabbits developed less atherosclerosis than WT rabbits, possibly through increased plasma HDL-C, reduced TG and atherogenic lipoproteins. These results suggest that apoAII may serve as a potential target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Koike
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yui Koike
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dongshan Yang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Oren Rom
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jun Song
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yajie Chen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianqing Zhu
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Kudinov VA, Alekseeva OY, Torkhovskaya TI, Baskaev KK, Artyushev RI, Saburina IN, Markin SS. High-Density Lipoproteins as Homeostatic Nanoparticles of Blood Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8737. [PMID: 33228032 PMCID: PMC7699323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that blood lipoproteins (LPs) are multimolecular complexes of lipids and proteins that play a crucial role in lipid transport. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are a class of blood plasma LPs that mediate reverse cholesterol transport (RCT)-cholesterol transport from the peripheral tissues to the liver. Due to this ability to promote cholesterol uptake from cell membranes, HDL possess antiatherogenic properties. This function was first observed at the end of the 1970s to the beginning of the 1980s, resulting in high interest in this class of LPs. It was shown that HDL are the prevalent class of LPs in several types of living organisms (from fishes to monkeys) with high resistance to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disorders. Lately, understanding of the mechanisms of the antiatherogenic properties of HDL has significantly expanded. Besides the contribution to RCT, HDL have been shown to modulate inflammatory processes, blood clotting, and vasomotor responses. These particles also possess antioxidant properties and contribute to immune reactions and intercellular signaling. Herein, we review data on the structure and mechanisms of the pleiotropic biological functions of HDL from the point of view of their evolutionary role and complex dynamic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily A. Kudinov
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Developmental Pathology, FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
- Experimental Drug Research and Production Department, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (K.K.B.); (R.I.A.)
| | - Olga Yu. Alekseeva
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biochemistry, People’s Friendship University (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana I. Torkhovskaya
- Laboratory of Phospholipid Transport Systems and Nanomedicines, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Konstantin K. Baskaev
- Experimental Drug Research and Production Department, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (K.K.B.); (R.I.A.)
| | - Rafael I. Artyushev
- Experimental Drug Research and Production Department, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (K.K.B.); (R.I.A.)
| | - Irina N. Saburina
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Developmental Pathology, FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey S. Markin
- Clinical Research Department, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
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45
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Sacks FM, Liang L, Furtado JD, Cai T, Davidson WS, He Z, McClelland RL, Rimm EB, Jensen MK. Protein-Defined Subspecies of HDLs (High-Density Lipoproteins) and Differential Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in 4 Prospective Studies. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2714-2727. [PMID: 32907368 PMCID: PMC7577984 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HDL (high-density lipoprotein) contains functional proteins that define single subspecies, each comprising 1% to 12% of the total HDL. We studied the differential association with coronary heart disease (CHD) of 15 such subspecies. Approach and Results: We measured plasma apoA1 (apolipoprotein A1) concentrations of 15 protein-defined HDL subspecies in 4 US-based prospective studies. Among participants without CVD at baseline, 932 developed CHD during 10 to 25 years. They were matched 1:1 to controls who did not experience CHD. In each cohort, hazard ratios for each subspecies were computed by conditional logistic regression and combined by meta-analysis. Higher levels of HDL subspecies containing alpha-2 macroglobulin, CoC3 (complement C3), HP (haptoglobin), or PLMG (plasminogen) were associated with higher relative risk compared with the HDL counterpart lacking the defining protein (hazard ratio range, 0.96-1.11 per 1 SD increase versus 0.73-0.81, respectively; P for heterogeneity <0.05). In contrast, HDL containing apoC1 or apoE were associated with lower relative risk compared with the counterpart (hazard ratio, 0.74; P=0.002 and 0.77, P=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Several subspecies of HDL defined by single proteins that are involved in thrombosis, inflammation, immunity, and lipid metabolism are found in small fractions of total HDL and are associated with higher relative risk of CHD compared with HDL that lacks the defining protein. In contrast, HDL containing apoC1 or apoE are robustly associated with lower risk. The balance between beneficial and harmful subspecies in a person's HDL sample may determine the risk of CHD pertaining to HDL and paths to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M. Sacks
- Corresponding author: Frank M. Sacks, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; ; 617-432-1420
| | | | | | - Tianxi Cai
- Departments of Nutrition (FMS, JFD, MKJ, EBR), Epidemiology (MKJ and EBR) and Biostatistics (ZH, TC, LL), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati (WSD); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (EBR, FMS); and University of Washington, Seattle, WA (RLM)
| | - W. Sean Davidson
- Departments of Nutrition (FMS, JFD, MKJ, EBR), Epidemiology (MKJ and EBR) and Biostatistics (ZH, TC, LL), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati (WSD); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (EBR, FMS); and University of Washington, Seattle, WA (RLM)
| | - Zeling He
- Departments of Nutrition (FMS, JFD, MKJ, EBR), Epidemiology (MKJ and EBR) and Biostatistics (ZH, TC, LL), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati (WSD); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (EBR, FMS); and University of Washington, Seattle, WA (RLM)
| | - Robyn L. McClelland
- Departments of Nutrition (FMS, JFD, MKJ, EBR), Epidemiology (MKJ and EBR) and Biostatistics (ZH, TC, LL), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati (WSD); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (EBR, FMS); and University of Washington, Seattle, WA (RLM)
| | - Eric B. Rimm
- Departments of Nutrition (FMS, JFD, MKJ, EBR), Epidemiology (MKJ and EBR) and Biostatistics (ZH, TC, LL), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati (WSD); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (EBR, FMS); and University of Washington, Seattle, WA (RLM)
| | - Majken K. Jensen
- Departments of Nutrition (FMS, JFD, MKJ, EBR), Epidemiology (MKJ and EBR) and Biostatistics (ZH, TC, LL), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati (WSD); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (EBR, FMS); and University of Washington, Seattle, WA (RLM)
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Pedrini S, Chatterjee P, Hone E, Martins RN. High‐density lipoprotein‐related cholesterol metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 2020; 159:343-377. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Pedrini
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Pratishtha Chatterjee
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Eugene Hone
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia
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47
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De Simone G, Pasquadibisceglie A, Polticelli F, di Masi A, Ascenzi P. Haptoglobin and the related haptoglobin protein: the N-terminus makes the difference. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:2244-2253. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1837675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabio Polticelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tre Section, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
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48
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Plubell DL, Fenton AM, Rosario S, Bergstrom P, Wilmarth PA, Clark W, Zakai NA, Quinn JF, Minnier J, Alkayed NJ, Fazio S, Pamir N. High-Density Lipoprotein Carries Markers That Track With Recovery From Stroke. Circ Res 2020; 127:1274-1287. [PMID: 32844720 PMCID: PMC7581542 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Prospective cohort studies question the value of HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) for stroke risk prediction. OBJECTIVE Investigate the relationship between long-term functional recovery and HDL proteome and function. METHODS AND RESULTS Changes in HDL protein composition and function (cholesterol efflux capacity) in patients after acute ischemic stroke at 2 time points (24 hours, 35 patients; 96 hours, 20 patients) and in 35 control subjects were measured. The recovery from stroke was assessed by 3 months, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and modified Rankin scale scores. When compared with control subject after adjustments for sex and HDL-C levels, 12 proteins some of which participate in acute phase response and platelet activation (APMAP [adipocyte plasma membrane-associated protein], GPLD1 [phosphate inositol-glycan specific phospholipase D], APOE [apolipoprotein E], IHH [Indian hedgehog protein], ITIH4 [inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor chain H4], SAA2 [serum amyloid A2], APOA4 [apolipoprotein A-IV], CLU [clusterin], ANTRX2 [anthrax toxin receptor 2], PON1 [serum paraoxonase/arylesterase], SERPINA1 [alpha-1-antitrypsin], and APOF [apolipoprotein F]) were significantly (adjusted P<0.05) altered in stroke HDL at 96 hours. The first 8 of these proteins were also significantly altered at 24 hours. Consistent with inflammatory remodeling, cholesterol efflux capacity was reduced by 32% (P<0.001) at both time points. Baseline stroke severity adjusted regression model showed that changes within 96-hour poststroke in APOF, APOL1, APMAP, APOC4 (apolipoprotein C4), APOM (apolipoprotein M), PCYOX1 (prenylcysteine oxidase 1), PON1, and APOE correlate with stroke recovery scores (R2=0.38-0.73, adjusted P<0.05). APOF (R2=0.73) and APOL1 (R2=0.60) continued to significantly correlate with recovery scores after accounting for tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) treatment. CONCLUSIONS Changes in HDL proteins during early acute phase of stroke associate with recovery. Monitoring HDL proteins may provide clinical biomarkers that inform on stroke recuperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L. Plubell
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Alex M. Fenton
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Sara Rosario
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Paige Bergstrom
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
| | | | - Wayne Clark
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Neil A. Zakai
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont
| | | | - Jessica Minnier
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Nabil J. Alkayed
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Nathalie Pamir
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
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49
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular (CV) disease is a major cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Dyslipidemia is prevalent in children with T2D and is a known risk factor for CVD. In this review, we critically examine the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and recommendations for dyslipidemia management in pediatric T2D. RECENT FINDINGS Dyslipidemia is multifactorial and related to poor glycemic control, insulin resistance, inflammation, and genetic susceptibility. Current guidelines recommend lipid screening after achieving glycemic control and annually thereafter. The desired lipid goals are low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) < 100 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) > 35 mg/dL, and triglycerides (TG) < 150 mg/dL. If LDL-C remains > 130 mg/dL after 6 months, statins are recommended with a treatment goal of < 100 mg/dL. If fasting TG are > 400 mg/dL or non-fasting TG are > 1000 mg/dL, fibrates are recommended. Although abnormal levels of atherogenic TG-rich lipoproteins, apolipoprotein B, and non-HDL-C are commonly present in pediatric T2D, their measurement is not currently considered in risk assessment or management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvana Sunil
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CPPII M30, 1601 4th Ave S, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Ambika P Ashraf
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CPPII M30, 1601 4th Ave S, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
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50
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Gordon SM, Amar MJ, Jeiran K, Stagliano M, Staller E, Playford MP, Mehta NN, Vaisar T, Remaley AT. Effect of niacin monotherapy on high density lipoprotein composition and function. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:190. [PMID: 32825822 PMCID: PMC7441610 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Niacin has modest but overall favorable effects on plasma lipids by increasing high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and lowering triglycerides. Clinical trials, however, evaluating niacin therapy for prevention of cardiovascular outcomes have returned mixed results. Recent evidence suggests that the HDL proteome may be a better indicator of HDL's cardioprotective function than HDL-C. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of niacin monotherapy on HDL protein composition and function. METHODS A 20-week investigational study was performed with 11 participants receiving extended-release niacin (target dose = 2 g/day) for 16-weeks followed by a 4-week washout period. HDL was isolated from participants at weeks: 0, 16, and 20. The HDL proteome was analyzed at each time point by mass spectrometry and relative protein quantification was performed by label-free precursor ion intensity measurement. RESULTS In this cohort, niacin therapy had typical effects on routine clinical lipids (HDL-C + 16%, q < 0.01; LDL-C - 20%, q < 0.01; and triglyceride - 15%, q = 0.1). HDL proteomics revealed significant effects of niacin on 5 proteins: serum amyloid A (SAA), angiotensinogen (AGT), apolipoprotein A-II (APOA2), clusterin (CLUS), and apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1). SAA was the most prominently affected protein, increasing 3-fold in response to niacin (q = 0.008). Cholesterol efflux capacity was not significantly affected by niacin compared to baseline, however, stopping niacin resulted in a 9% increase in efflux (q < 0.05). Niacin did not impact HDL's ability to influence endothelial function. CONCLUSION Extended-release niacin therapy, in the absence of other lipid-modifying medications, can increase HDL-associated SAA, an acute phase protein associated with HDL dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Gordon
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 741 South Limestone, BBSRB Room B259, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA.
| | - Marcelo J Amar
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kianoush Jeiran
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Stagliano
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emma Staller
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martin P Playford
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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