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Jenkins BN, Martin LT, Helen Lee HY, Hunter JF, Acevedo AM, Pressman SD. Affect variability and cortisol in context: The moderating roles of mean affect and stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 166:107064. [PMID: 38713929 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Positive and negative affect have been shown to have implications for hormones like cortisol but how moment to moment changes in affect (i.e., affect variability) influence cortisol secretion is less well understood. Additionally, context characteristics such as mean affect and stress may influence the association between affect variability and cortisol output. In the current study, we examined affect, stress, and cortisol data from 113 participants (age range = 25-63, M = 35.63, SD = 11.34; 29% male; 42% White/Caucasian, 37% Asian or Pacific Islander, 13% Hispanic/Latino, 4% Black/African American, 1% Native American, Eskimo, or Aleut, 4% selected "other" for their race/ethnicity). Participants completed ecological momentary assessments assessing positive and negative affect and stress four times per day for five days and provided saliva samples at each time point. Saliva was assayed for cortisol, and area under the curve with respect to ground was computed. In a three-way interaction, both positive affect mean level and stress moderated the association between positive affect variability and cortisol (b = -1.55, t(100) = -3.29, SE = 0.47, p <.01, β = -4.05). When breaking down this three-way interaction, in the context of low stress and high mean positive affect, variability was positively related to total cortisol output. In contrast, in the context of high stress and high mean positive affect, variability was negatively related to total cortisol output. While greater positive affect variability is generally worse for health-relevant outcomes (as prior research has shown and as we show here at low levels of stress), at high levels of stress, fluctuation in affect may be adaptive. For someone experiencing a high stress week, having fluctuations in positive affect may mean that they are adaptively changing to meet their environmental needs especially when they typically report high mean positive affect levels. There were no associations between negative affect variability and cortisol secretion nor did mean negative affect or stress play a moderating role for negative affect variability. This study provides evidence that positive affect variability's association with cortisol secretion throughout the day may vary based on stress and mean positive affect levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke N Jenkins
- Chapman University, USA; University of California, Irvine, USA; Center on Stress and Health, USA.
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2
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Willroth EC, Pfund GN, Rule PD, Hill PL, John A, Kyle K, Hassenstab J, James BD. A review of the literature on wellbeing and modifiable dementia risk factors. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102380. [PMID: 38880341 PMCID: PMC11260526 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Wellbeing-defined broadly as experiencing one's life as enjoyable and fulfilling-has been associated with lower risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. The mechanisms underlying this association are largely unknown. However, prior research and theory suggest that wellbeing impacts health behaviors and biological systems that are relevant to cognitive and brain health. Several of these factors have also been identified by the 2020 Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention, Intervention, and Care as modifiable dementia risk factors. In the current review, we summarize and evaluate the evidence for associations between wellbeing and each of the 12 Lancet Commission risk factors. We found relatively consistent evidence for associations between higher wellbeing and lower levels of most of the risk factors: physical inactivity, social isolation, smoking, depression, hypertension, diabetes, hearing loss, traumatic brain injury, and air pollution. By contrast, we found evidence for only modest associations between wellbeing and education and mixed evidence for associations of wellbeing with alcohol use and body weight. Although most of the reviewed evidence was observational, longitudinal and experimental evidence suggests that many of the observed associations are likely bidirectional. These findings suggest that modifiable dementia risk factors may be mediators (i.e., intermediate steps in the causal chain) and/or confounders (i.e., variables that impact both wellbeing and dementia, and thus could induce a spurious association) of the association between wellbeing and dementia. We conclude by discussing next steps to test mediation hypotheses and to account for potential confounding in the relation between wellbeing and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Willroth
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, United States.
| | - Gabrielle N Pfund
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Payton D Rule
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Patrick L Hill
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Amber John
- Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kalista Kyle
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, United States; Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Bryan D James
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, United States; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, United States
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Zhang M, Ho E, Nowinski CJ, Fox RS, Ayturk E, Karpouzian-Rogers T, Novack M, Dodge HH, Weintraub S, Gershon R. The Paradox in Positive and Negative Aspects of Emotional Functioning Among Older Adults with Early Stages of Cognitive Impairment. J Aging Health 2024; 36:471-483. [PMID: 37800686 DOI: 10.1177/08982643231199806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Emotional functioning in older adults is influenced by normal aging and cognitive impairment, likely heterogeneous across positive versus negative aspects of emotional functioning. Little is known about positive emotional experiences at the early stages of cognitive impairment. Methods: We assessed different aspects of emotional functioning among 448 participants aged 65+ (Normal Control (NC) = 276, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) = 103, and mild dementia of the Alzheimer type (mild DAT) = 69) and tested moderators. Results: Compared to NC, older adults with MCI and mild DAT have maintained many positive aspects of emotional functioning, despite higher levels of negative affect, sadness, and loneliness. Among the oldest-old, the mild DAT group experienced higher fear and lower self-efficacy. Discussion: Older adults at early stages of cognitive impairment can experience positive aspects of emotional functioning, such as positive affect, purpose, and life satisfaction, all of which are important buildable psychological resources for coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manrui Zhang
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cindy J Nowinski
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rina S Fox
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ, USA
| | - Ezgi Ayturk
- College of Social Sciences and Humanities, KOC Universitesi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tatiana Karpouzian-Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Miriam Novack
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hiroko H Dodge
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard Gershon
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Yang X, Sun P, Yao X, Kou Y. The reciprocal relationship between prosocial behaviour and self-perceived physical health: The role of positive affect and openness to experience. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053241267095. [PMID: 39077848 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241267095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study used a cross-lagged design to explore the bidirectional relationship between adolescents' prosocial behaviour and self-perceived physical health and to explore the mediating role of positive affect and the moderating role of openness to experience. A total of 1525 middle school students (Mage = 12.41, 47% male) in northern China were surveyed for 3 years. The results showed the following: (1) prosocial behaviour at T1 positively predicted self-perceived physical health at T3; and vice versa; and (2) this observed relation between prosocial behaviour and self-perceived physical health was explained by positive affect; (3) the mediating role of positive affect on the path from prosocial behaviour at T1 to self-perceived physical health at T3 was observed only among adolescents with high openness traits. This finding verified the protective effect of prosocial behaviour on the healthy development of the actor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaonan Yao
- School of Education and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Kou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Jenkins BN, Martin LT, Halterman JS, Moskowitz JT, Glynn LM, Tirakitsoontorn P, Kamath S, Kain ZN. The role of positive affect in asthma control and symptom severity in adolescents. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 39015022 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We test the effects of positive affect and its arousal subscale components of calm, wellbeing, and vigor on asthma control and symptom severity in adolescents with moderate to severe asthma. Additionally, we test whether positive affect (and its arousal components) moderate how stress impacts asthma control and symptom severity. METHODS Adolescents with asthma (N = 66, ages 12-17) completed brief surveys 4 times a day for 7 days reporting on their positive affect, stress, and asthma symptom severity and conducted a morning peak expiratory flow assessment each day. Asthma control and psychological asthma triggers were assessed at the end of the 7 days. RESULTS Positive affect moderated the association between stress and asthma control (b = -0.33, p = 0.009) as well as the association between psychological triggers and asthma control (b = -0.74, p = 0.007). When assessing the positive affect arousal components, calm and wellbeing seemed to be driving these effects. Additionally, calm moderated the association between stress and asthma symptom severity (b = -0.33, p = 0.036) as well as the association between psychological triggers and asthma symptom severity (b = -0.75, p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS When considering patient stress (e.g., general stress, psychological asthma triggers), positive affect and its arousal components of calm and wellbeing may be helpful for patients with higher levels of stress and/or for patients experiencing greater numbers of psychological triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke N Jenkins
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
- Center on Stress & Health, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Logan T Martin
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jill S Halterman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Judith T Moskowitz
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Laura M Glynn
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
| | - Pornchai Tirakitsoontorn
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Pulmonology Division, Orange, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sunil Kamath
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Pulmonology Division, Orange, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Zeev N Kain
- Center on Stress & Health, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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Mayerhofer L, Nes RB, Yu B, Ayorech Z, Lan X, Ystrom E, Røysamb E. Stability and change in maternal wellbeing and illbeing from pregnancy to three years postpartum. Qual Life Res 2024:10.1007/s11136-024-03730-z. [PMID: 38992240 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-024-03730-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Motherhood affects women's mental health, encompassing aspects of both wellbeing and illbeing. This study investigated stability and change in wellbeing (i.e., relationship satisfaction and positive affect) and illbeing (i.e., depressive and anxiety symptoms) from pregnancy to three years postpartum. We further investigated the mutual and dynamic relations between these constructs over time and the role of genetic propensities in their time-invariant stability. DATA AND METHODS This four-wave longitudinal study included 83,124 women from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) linked to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Data were collected during pregnancy (30 weeks) and at 6, 18 and 36 months postpartum. Wellbeing and illbeing were based on the Relationship Satisfaction Scale, the Differential Emotions Scale and Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-8. Genetics were measured by the wellbeing spectrum polygenic index. Analyses were based on random intercept cross-lagged panel models using R. RESULTS All four outcomes showed high stability and were mutually interconnected over time, with abundant cross-lagged predictions. The period of greatest instability was from pregnancy to 6 months postpartum, followed by increasing stability. Prenatal relationship satisfaction played a crucial role in maternal mental health postpartum. Women's genetic propensity to wellbeing contributed to time-invariant stability of all four constructs. CONCLUSION Understanding the mutual relationship between different aspects of wellbeing and illbeing allows for identifying potential targets for health promotion interventions. Time-invariant stability was partially explained by genetics. Maternal wellbeing and illbeing develop in an interdependent way from pregnancy to 36 months postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ragnhild Bang Nes
- PROMENTA Research Center, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Philosophy, Classics, and History of Arts and Ideas, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Baeksan Yu
- Gwangju National University of Education, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ziada Ayorech
- PROMENTA Research Center, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiaoyu Lan
- PROMENTA Research Center, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- PROMENTA Research Center, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- PsychGen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Røysamb
- PROMENTA Research Center, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Wang K, Rees VW, Dorison CA, Kawachi I, Lerner JS. The role of positive emotion in harmful health behavior: Implications for theory and public health campaigns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320750121. [PMID: 38950367 PMCID: PMC11252813 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320750121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Meta-analyses have concluded that positive emotions do not reduce appetitive risk behaviors (risky behaviors that fulfill appetitive or craving states, such as smoking and excessive alcohol use). We propose that this conclusion is premature. Drawing on the Appraisal Tendency Framework and related theories of emotion and decision-making, we hypothesized that gratitude (a positive emotion) can decrease cigarette smoking, a leading cause of premature death globally. A series of multimethod studies provided evidence supporting our hypothesis (collective N = 34,222). Using nationally representative US samples and an international sample drawn from 87 countries, Studies 1 and 2 revealed that gratitude was inversely associated with likelihood of smoking, even after accounting for numerous covariates. Other positive emotions (e.g., compassion) lacked such consistent associations, as expected. Study 3, and its replication, provided further support for emotion specificity: Experimental induction of gratitude, unlike compassion or sadness, reduced cigarette craving compared to a neutral state. Study 4, and its replication, showed that inducing gratitude causally increased smoking cessation behavior, as evidenced by enrollment in a web-based cessation intervention. Self-reported gratitude mediated the effects in both experimental studies. Finally, Study 5 found that current antismoking messaging campaigns by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention primarily evoked sadness and compassion, but seldom gratitude. Together, our studies advance understanding of positive emotion effects on appetitive risk behaviors; they also offer practical implications for the design of public health campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Vaughan W. Rees
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA02115
| | - Charles A. Dorison
- McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University, Washington, DC20057
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA02115
| | - Jennifer S. Lerner
- Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
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8
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Schwartz-Attias I, Krulik T, Ronen T. Well-being in parents of children with cancer: illness perceptions' mediating role for hope and social support. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1206520. [PMID: 39021645 PMCID: PMC11252627 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1206520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parents of children with cancer may experience enormous physical and emotional pressures. During such times, perception of the situation can be important in mediating the link between one's basic resources (mainly cognitive and social) and the well-being one attains as an emotional and cognitive response. This study aimed to explore the role of illness impact perceptions in mediating the link between hope, social support and subjective well-being in parents of children with cancer. Methods The cross-sectional study included 108 parents of children aged 7-18 diagnosed with cancer at least 6 months prior to the study. The parents completed one questionnaire comprising five instruments: perceived impact of illness, hope, social support, positive and negative affect (the emotional component of well-being) and life satisfaction (the cognitive component of well-being). Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations were conducted for all study variables. SEM analysis was performed to examine the study's theoretical model. Results The current sample included 108 parents of children with cancer recruited from two pediatric hematology-oncology wards in two different hospitals in central Israel. Most participants were mothers (70.4%), and the mean age was 44.46. The main results indicated that hope and social support correlated negatively with perceptions of the illness' impact. Illness impact perceptions mediated the relations between hope, social support and positive emotions, which means that when the parents perceived their child's illness as less impactful on the family, they experienced higher levels of emotional well-being. Conclusion A parent with social support resources and higher levels of hope experiences higher levels of positive perceptions regarding their child's illness. Higher levels of positive perceptions allow the parent to express more positive than negative emotions, thus maintaining a more optimal level of subjective emotional well-being. The findings offer implications for healthcare teams to enhance sensitivity to parents' needs and to help parents attain more resources, positive perceptions, and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Schwartz-Attias
- Meir Academic Nursing School, Meir Medical Center, Clalit Health Services, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Tamar Krulik
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Steyer School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tammie Ronen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Terry EL, Meng L, Huo Z, Bartley EJ. Examining Reactivity and Recovery Patterns of Pain-Evoked Cortisol and Alpha-Amylase Trajectories: Relations Between Psychological Markers of Risk and Resilience. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:104464. [PMID: 38246254 PMCID: PMC11128348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is one of the leading causes of disability globally and represents an enormous burden to aging adults. While numerous factors contribute to cLBP, dysregulation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system functioning have been implicated in its pathogenesis. It is well documented that negative psychological states can modulate biological stress responsivity in chronic pain; however, little is known regarding the influence of positive psychological factors in this relationship. The aim of this study was to examine the association between psychological risk and resilience factors with patterns of physiological stress reactivity and recovery in 60 older adults with cLBP. Participants completed measures of hope, optimism, pain catastrophizing, and perceived stress, and underwent psychophysical pain testing assessing responses to painful pressure, heat, and cold stimuli. Salivary samples were obtained prior to pain induction and at 7 time points spanning 90 minutes after pain testing terminated. To examine reactivity and recovery profiles in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system function, samples were assayed for cortisol and alpha-amylase, respectively. Results revealed higher levels of hope and optimism were associated with increased cortisol reactivity (p's < .003) and more rapid recovery (p's = .001). Further, pain catastrophizing and perceived stress were associated with cortisol reactivity, with lower levels of these factors predicting larger increases in cortisol from baseline to peak levels (p's < .04). No significant differences in reactivity or recovery patterns emerged for alpha-amylase. Overall, findings highlight the role of psychological risk and resilience factors in modulating physiological stress reactivity. PERSPECTIVE: This article investigated whether psychosocial risk and resilience factors were associated with stress reactivity and recovery in response to laboratory-based pain testing in older adults with chronic low back pain. Results indicate that high resilience factors may be protective by modulating adrenocortical reactivity and recovery profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L. Terry
- University of Florida, Biobehavioral Nursing Science
- University of Florida, Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence (PRICE)
| | | | - Zhiguang Huo
- University of Florida, Department of Biostatistics
| | - Emily J. Bartley
- University of Florida, Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence (PRICE)
- University of Florida, Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science
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Cramer H. The Potential of Positive Psychology in Advancing Whole Health. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2024; 30:411-412. [PMID: 38805500 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2024.0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Cramer
- Institute of General Practice and Interprofessional Care, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Robert Bosch Center for Integrative Medicine and Health, Bosch Health Campus, Stuttgart, Germany
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Hughes L, Taylor RM, Beckett AE, Lindner OC, Martin A, McCulloch J, Morgan S, Soanes L, Uddin R, Stark DP. The Emotional Impact of a Cancer Diagnosis: A Qualitative Study of Adolescent and Young Adult Experience. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1332. [PMID: 38611010 PMCID: PMC11010824 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The biographical disruption that occurs in adolescents and young adults following a cancer diagnosis can affect various important psychosocial domains including relationships with family and friends, sexual development, vocational and educational trajectories, and physical and emotional wellbeing. While there is evidence of the physical impact of cancer during this period, less is known about the impact on emotional wellbeing and especially on the barriers for young people accessing help and support. We aimed to obtain a more in-depth understanding of young people's experiences of their diagnosis, treatment, psychological impact, and range of resources they could or wanted to access for their mental health. We conducted an in-depth qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 43 young people who had developed cancer aged 16 to 39 years and were either within 6 months of diagnosis or 3-5 years after treatment had ended. Framework analysis identified three themes: the emotional impact of cancer (expressed through anxiety, anger, and fear of recurrence); personal barriers to support through avoidance; and support to improve mental health through mental health services or adolescent and young adult treatment teams. We showed the barriers young people have to access care, particularly participant avoidance of support. Interrupting this process to better support young people and provide them with flexible, adaptable, consistent, long-term psychological support has the potential to improve their quality of life and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Hughes
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2PG, UK;
| | - Rachel M. Taylor
- Centre for Nurse, Midwife and AHP Led Research (CNMAR), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2PG, UK;
- Department of Targeted Intervention, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Angharad E. Beckett
- School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (A.E.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Oana C. Lindner
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (R.U.); (D.P.S.)
| | - Adam Martin
- Academic Unit of Health Economics, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Joanne McCulloch
- School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (A.E.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Sue Morgan
- Teenage and Young Adult Cancer Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK;
| | | | - Rizwana Uddin
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (R.U.); (D.P.S.)
| | - Dan P. Stark
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (R.U.); (D.P.S.)
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Cankardas S, Atak I, Simsek OF. Development and Validation of the Subjective Well-Being Resources Scale. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 158:383-402. [PMID: 38442227 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2024.2316063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Subjective well-being (SWB) is an important construct of positive psychology and it is known that these resources should be supported to prevent mental health disorders. However, there is no measurement tool to assess individual differences concerning SWB resources. The present study aims to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure SWB resources. For this aim, two studies were conducted. As a result, the five-factor (personal, religious, health, social, and external resources) construct explaining 45.3% of the variance was derived and validated with both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The factors were related to mental health indicators and personality as expected. The internal consistency coefficient of the scale was .83), and the test re-test reliability was .88. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that the Subjective Well-Being Resources Scale is valid and reliable and can be used to measure SWB resources.
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Panțiru I, Ronaldson A, Sima N, Dregan A, Sima R. The impact of gardening on well-being, mental health, and quality of life: an umbrella review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2024; 13:45. [PMID: 38287430 PMCID: PMC10823662 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gardening and horticultural therapy (HT) has been widely recognised as a multicomponent approach that has affected a broad range of health and well-being outcomes. The aim of this umbrella review and meta-analysis was to compare the findings of previous reviews on the impact of multiple gardening interventions and gardening attributes on different well-being constructs. METHODS Electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to December 2022. Interventional and observational reviews were eligible for inclusion in this umbrella review. Outcome measures included mental well-being, health status and quality of life. The key exposure variables were gardening and horticultural therapy. Narrative synthesis was used to evaluate the overall impact of gardening and HT on study outcomes. For a subsample of studies with available quantitative data, a random effect meta-analysis was conducted. RESULTS This umbrella review included 40 studies (10 interventional studies, 2 observational studies, and 28 mixed interventional and observational studies). The reviewed studies reported an overall positive impact of gardening activities on several measures of mental well-being, quality of life, and health status. Meta-analysis showed a significant and positive effect of gardening and HT activities on well-being (effect size (ES) 0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23, 0.87, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Evidence from observational and interventional studies supports a positive role for gardening and HT activities on well-being and general health. Interventional studies with horticultural-based therapies were effective in improving well-being and quality of life both in the general population and vulnerable subgroups. The high degree of heterogeneity in the included studies cautions against any direct clinical implications of the study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Panțiru
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - A Ronaldson
- Centre for Implementation Science, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - N Sima
- Department of Technological Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - A Dregan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - R Sima
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania.
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14
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Bandieri E, Borelli E, Bigi S, Mucciarini C, Gilioli F, Ferrari U, Eliardo S, Luppi M, Potenza L. Positive Psychological Well-Being in Early Palliative Care: A Narrative Review of the Roles of Hope, Gratitude, and Death Acceptance. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:672-684. [PMID: 38392043 PMCID: PMC10888238 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In the advanced cancer setting, low psychological functioning is a common symptom and its deleterious impact on health outcomes is well established. Yet, the beneficial role of positive psychological well-being (PPWB) on several clinical conditions has been demonstrated. Early palliative care (EPC) is a recent value-based model consisting of the early integration of palliative care into standard care for solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. While the late palliative care primary offers short-term interventions, predominantly pharmacological in nature and limited to physical symptom reduction, EPC has the potential to act over a longer term, enabling specific interventions aimed at promoting PPWB. This narrative review examines nine English studies retrieved from MEDLINE/PubMed, published up to October 2023, focusing on EPC and three dimensions of PPWB: hope, gratitude, and death acceptance. These dimensions consistently emerge in our clinical experience within the EPC setting for advanced cancer patients and appear to contribute to its clinical efficacy. The choice of a narrative review reflects the novelty of the topic, the limited existing research, and the need to incorporate a variety of methodological approaches for a comprehensive exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bandieri
- Oncology and Palliative Care Units, Civil Hospital Carpi, Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL), 41012 Carpi, Italy; (E.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (U.F.); (S.E.)
| | - Eleonora Borelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Sarah Bigi
- Department of Linguistic Sciences and Foreign Literatures, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Claudia Mucciarini
- Oncology and Palliative Care Units, Civil Hospital Carpi, Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL), 41012 Carpi, Italy; (E.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (U.F.); (S.E.)
| | - Fabio Gilioli
- Oncology and Palliative Care Units, Civil Hospital Carpi, Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL), 41012 Carpi, Italy; (E.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (U.F.); (S.E.)
| | - Umberto Ferrari
- Oncology and Palliative Care Units, Civil Hospital Carpi, Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL), 41012 Carpi, Italy; (E.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (U.F.); (S.E.)
| | - Sonia Eliardo
- Oncology and Palliative Care Units, Civil Hospital Carpi, Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL), 41012 Carpi, Italy; (E.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (U.F.); (S.E.)
| | - Mario Luppi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.L.); (L.P.)
- Hematology Unit and Chair, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.L.); (L.P.)
- Hematology Unit and Chair, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
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15
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Don BP, Simpson JA, Fredrickson BL, Algoe SB. Interparental Positivity Spillover Theory: How Parents' Positive Relational Interactions Influence Children. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2024:17456916231220626. [PMID: 38252555 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231220626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Interparental interactions have an important influence on child well-being and development. Yet prior theory and research have primarily focused on interparental conflict as contributing to child maladjustment, which leaves out the critical question of how interparental positive interactions-such as expressed gratitude, capitalization, and shared laughter-may benefit child growth and development. In this article, we integrate theory and research in family, relationship, and affective science to propose a new framework for understanding how the heretofore underexamined positive interparental interactions influence children: interparental positivity spillover theory (IPST). IPST proposes that, distinct from the influence of conflict, interparental positive interactions spill over into children's experiences in the form of their (a) experience of positive emotions, (b) beneficially altered perceptions of their parents, and (c) emulation of their parents' positive interpersonal behaviors. This spillover is theorized to promote beneficial cognitive, behavioral, social, and physiological outcomes in children in the short term (i.e., immediately after a specific episode of interparental positivity, or on a given day) as well as cumulatively across time. As a framework, IPST generates a host of novel and testable predictions to guide future research, all of which have important implications for the mental health, well-being, and positive development of children and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Don
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland
| | | | | | - Sara B Algoe
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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16
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Zheng S, Tan S, Tan X, Fan J. Positive Well-Being, Work-Related Rumination and Work Engagement among Chinese University Logistics Staff. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:65. [PMID: 38247717 PMCID: PMC10813137 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Logistics personnel in Chinese universities are facing unbalanced costs and benefit from overloaded work with minimum wages, which impede school development and their well-being. However, the logistics staff population has been neglected in past investigations pertaining to psychological health conditions. The present study aimed to examine the positive well-being, work-related rumination, and work engagement of logistics staff, their correlations, and the factors affecting well-being in 282 Chinese university logistics staff via the Smith Well-being Questionnaire, the Work-Related Rumination Questionnaire, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. The results indicated low levels of well-being and high levels of work-related rumination and work engagement among Chinese university logistics staff. The presence of positive attitudes towards life and work and high levels of work engagement predicts enhanced well-being, while the presence of negative characteristics and work-related rumination predicts decreased well-being. In situations where the working hours and work duties are challenging to change, universities can regularly schedule psychological counselling sessions for logistics staff to improve their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Zheng
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; (S.Z.); (S.T.); (X.T.)
| | - Shuyue Tan
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; (S.Z.); (S.T.); (X.T.)
| | - Xiaotong Tan
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; (S.Z.); (S.T.); (X.T.)
| | - Jialin Fan
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; (S.Z.); (S.T.); (X.T.)
- The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen 518060, China
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17
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Wang RS, Huang YN, Wahlqvist ML, Wan TTH, Tung TH, Wang BL. The combination of physical activity with fruit and vegetable intake associated with life satisfaction among middle-aged and older adults: a 16-year population-based cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:41. [PMID: 38195433 PMCID: PMC10777488 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life satisfaction (LS) is part of a positive psychological feeling that protects individuals from a physical decline in old age. A healthy lifestyle, including physical activity (PA) and a healthy diet, such as the intake of fruits and vegetables (F&V), can lead to a better experience of LS in older adults. However, the association between PA and F&V intake habits when occurring together in older adults is still unclear for LS. The study aimed to investigate the combined association of PA and F&V intake on LS among a cohort of older Taiwanese adults. METHODS Five waves of population-based data gathered by the Taiwan Longitudinal Survey on Aging between 1999 and 2015 were analyzed. The year 1999 was set as the baseline, and the number of respondents was 4,440. The independent variables included the frequency, duration, and intensity of PA and the frequency of F&V intake. LS was assessed by using the Life Satisfaction Index. We performed generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis with adjustment for covariates of health behaviors and health indicators. RESULTS After adjusting for confounders, model 1 showed that moderate and high-PA levels significantly correlated with LS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.12-1.79) and OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.50-2.02). Moreover, high-F&V intake significantly correlated with LS (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.69-2.53). Regarding the combined association shown in model 2, compared with both the low PA and F&V intake group, there were significantly higher LS in the both-high-group (OR = 4.69, 95% CI = 3.49-6.31), only-high-F&V intake (OR = 2.87, 95% CI = 2.14-3.85), only-high-PA (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.74-3.52). CONCLUSIONS Our findings show the significant combined association of PA and F&V intake on LS among older adults. In addition, older adults who engaged in higher frequency, duration, and intensity of daily PA combined more than seven times a week of F&V intake had significantly higher LS than those who only engaged in low PA or only intake less F&V. Adopting multiple healthy behaviors in daily life is a safe and effective approach to promote LS among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Szewei Wang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Ni Huang
- College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
| | | | - Thomas T H Wan
- School of Global Health Management and Informatics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing-Long Wang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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18
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Meng D, Sun C. Subjective well-being patterns in older men and women without someone to confide in: a latent class analysis approach. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1286627. [PMID: 38249402 PMCID: PMC10796680 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1286627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to identify the latent subtypes of subjective well-being (SWB) and associated factors in older adults without a confidant in China. Methods The data came from the most recent (seventh) wave (2018) of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). This cross-sectional study included 350 older adults who lacked a close confidant. We utilized latent class analysis and multiple logistic regression models to examine the latent SWB subtypes and associated factors. Results Three distinct patterns of SWB were identified: the very low SWB class (32%), the medium-low SWB class (46%), and the low evaluative and high affective SWB class (22%). The results indicated that compared to the low evaluative and high affective SWB class, respondents who self-rated their health as not good, currently drank alcohol and rated their financial status as poor/very poor were more likely to be in the very low SWB class, while those who participated in social activities were less likely to be in the very low SWB class. Respondents who had limitations in instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) and rated their financial status as poor/very poor were more likely to be in the medium-low SWB class. However, gender did not affect SWB patterns. Conclusion Our findings highlight awareness of the heterogeneity of SWB in older adults without close confidants and provide valuable information for the development of tailored intervention programs to improve their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijuan Meng
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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19
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Zhu X, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Sesker AA, Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Terracciano A. The Association between Happiness and Cognitive Function in the UK Biobank. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 43:1816-1825. [PMID: 38510575 PMCID: PMC10954258 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Feelings of happiness have been associated with better performance in creative and flexible thinking and processing. Less is known about whether happier individuals have better performance on basic cognitive functions and slower rate of cognitive decline. In a large sample from the UK Biobank (N=17,885; Age 40-70 years), we examine the association between baseline happiness and cognitive function (speed of processing, visuospatial memory, reasoning) over four assessment waves spanning up to 10 years of follow-up. Greater happiness was associated with better speed and visuospatial memory performance across assessments independent of vascular or depression risk factors. Happiness was associated with worse reasoning. No association was found between happiness and the rate of change over time on any of the cognitive tasks. The cognitive benefits of happiness may extend to cognitive functions such as speed and memory but not more complex processes such as reasoning, and happiness may not be predictive of the rate of cognitive decline over time. More evidence on the association between psychological well-being and different cognitive functions is needed to shed light on potential interventional efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghe Zhu
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, and Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
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20
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Vie LL, Ho TE, Whittaker KS, Hawkins J. The prospective association between psychological strengths and incident musculoskeletal injury in active duty Army soldiers. Health Psychol Open 2024; 11:20551029241256220. [PMID: 39184217 PMCID: PMC11344253 DOI: 10.1177/20551029241256220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Extensive training, overuse, overexertion, and repetitive movements put Soldiers at increased risk for musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs). The present study investigated the prospective association between psychological strengths, physiological and social factors, and non-combat-related MSI in a sample of 24,746 active duty Army Soldiers. Over a mean follow-up period of 21.07 months (SD = 16.07), 65.42% of the Soldiers examined were treated for an MSI. Applying survival analysis techniques and adjusting for relevant physiological and social factors, we found greater baseline Optimism, Positive Affect, Coping, and Adaptability were each associated with a modest reduction in risk of MSI (4-8%). Additionally, being older, female, married, and having a higher BMI were each associated with an increased MSI risk, whereas being an officer (relative to enlisted) and obtaining post-secondary education were each associated with a decreased MSI risk. Future research should examine the mechanisms through which psychological-based interventions may impact Soldiers' risk of MSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loryana L Vie
- Research Facilitation Laboratory/Army Analytics Group, Monterey, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany E Ho
- Research Facilitation Laboratory/Army Analytics Group, Monterey, CA, USA
| | - Kerry S Whittaker
- Research Facilitation Laboratory/Army Analytics Group, Monterey, CA, USA
| | - Jacob Hawkins
- Research Facilitation Laboratory/Army Analytics Group, Monterey, CA, USA
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21
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Daniels TE, Zitkovsky EK, Laumann LE, Kunicki ZJ, Price DJ, Peterson AL, Dennery PA, Kao HT, Parade SH, Price LH, Abrantes AM, Tyrka AR. Circulating Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA and Depressive Symptoms Among Low-Active Adults Who Smoke. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:37-43. [PMID: 37769227 PMCID: PMC10843087 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Levels of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) are observed to be altered in depression. However, the few studies that have measured cf-mtDNA in depression have reported conflicting findings. This study examined cf-mtDNA and depressive symptoms in low-active adults who smoke. METHODS Participants were adults 18 to 65 years old ( N = 109; 76% female) with low baseline physical activity and depressive symptoms recruited for a smoking cessation study. Self-report measures assessed depression severity, positive and negative affect, and behavioral activation. Blood was collected and analyzed for cf-mtDNA. Relationships between depressive symptoms and cf-mtDNA were examined with correlations and linear regression. RESULTS Levels of cf-mtDNA were associated with categorically defined depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score >15), lower positive affect, and decreased behavioral activation ( p < .05). Relationships remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, and nicotine dependence. In a linear regression model including all depressive symptom measures as predictors, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale group and lower positive affect remained significant. CONCLUSIONS This work suggests that mitochondrial changes are associated with depressive symptoms in low-active adults who smoke. Higher levels of cf-mtDNA in association with depression and with lower positive affect and decreased behavioral activation are consistent with a possible role for mitochondrial function in depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa E. Daniels
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Emily K. Zitkovsky
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Laura E. Laumann
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Zachary J. Kunicki
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Destiny J. Price
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Abigail L. Peterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Phyllis A. Dennery
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Hung-Teh Kao
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Stephanie H. Parade
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Price
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Ana M. Abrantes
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research Department, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Audrey R. Tyrka
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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22
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Zuccarella-Hackl C, Jimenez-Gonzalo L, von Känel R, Princip M, Jellestad L, Langraf-Meister RE, Znoj H, Schmid JP, Barth J, Schnyder U, Ledermann K. Positive psychosocial factors and the development of symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms following acute myocardial infarction. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1302699. [PMID: 38111867 PMCID: PMC10725949 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1302699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is a potentially fatal condition, leading to high psychological distress and possibly resulting in the development of depressive symptoms and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of clusters of positive psychosocial factors (resilience, task-oriented coping, positive affect and social support) with both MI-induced depressive symptoms and PTSS, independent of demographic factors. Methods We investigated 154 consecutive patients with MI, 3 and 12 months after hospital discharge. All patients completed the short version of the German Resilience Scale, the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), the Enriched Social Support Inventory (ESSI) and the Global Mood Scale (GMS). The level of interviewer-rated MI-induced posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms at 3- and 12-months follow-up was evaluated through the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). Depressive symptoms were assessed at 3- and 12-month follow-up with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Results Three different clusters were revealed: (1) lonely cluster: lowest social support, resilience and average task-oriented coping and positive affect; (2) low risk cluster: highest resilience, task-oriented coping, positive affect and social support; (3) avoidant cluster: lowest task-oriented coping, positive affect, average resilience and social support. The clusters differed in depressive symptoms at 3 months (F = 5.10; p < 0.01) and 12 months follow-up (F = 7.56; p < 0.01). Cluster differences in PTSS were significant at 3 months (F = 4.78, p < 0.05) and 12 months (F = 5.57, p < 0.01) follow-up. Differences in PTSS subscales were found for avoidance (F = 4.8, p < 0.05) and hyperarousal (F = 5.63, p < 0.05), but not re-experiencing, at 3 months follow-up. At 12 months follow-up, cluster differences were significant for re-experiencing (F = 6.44, p < 0.01) and avoidance (F = 4.02, p < 0.05) but not hyperarousal. Discussion The present study contributes to a better understanding of the relationships among different positive psychosocial factors, depressive symptoms and PTSS following acute MI. Future interventions may benefit from taking into account positive psychosocial factors to potentially reduce patients' depressive symptoms and PTSS after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Zuccarella-Hackl
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Jimenez-Gonzalo
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Rey Juan Carlos of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mary Princip
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lena Jellestad
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca E. Langraf-Meister
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clienia Schlössli AG, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Znoj
- Department of Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Jürgen Barth
- Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Katharina Ledermann
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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23
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Nabi RL, Demetriades S, Walter N, Qi L. Can a Video a Day Keep Stress Away? A Test of Media Prescriptions. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:3080-3090. [PMID: 36250314 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2134700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This research attempts to both replicate initial research on media prescriptions - the assignment of small doses of positively-valenced media for the purposes of reducing perceived stress - and, through the lens of the broaden-and-build theory, shed light on the process through which this effect might emerge. Two longitudinal data sets were collected, one with college students (N = 182) and one with U.S. adults (N = 197), in which participants were assigned to watch either comedic or inspiring media clips every day for 5 days. Findings indicated that both amusement and hope generated by media exposure reduced perceived stress over time. Specifically, inspiring media reduced perceived stress through its effect on felt hope for both samples, whereas comedic media reduced perceived stress via felt amusement for the general adult sample only. Further, as predicted, serial mediation through felt emotion and coping efficacy emerged for amusement in the student sample and for hope in the general sample. Given these data were collected during an inordinately stressful time in both the U.S. and the world with rising rates of COVID-19, a highly contentious political election, and tensions over racial inequity, these findings suggest that media, if harnessed appropriately, could be a useful tool in one's coping arsenal. A call for better understanding of the process through which media prescriptions have effect and their boundary conditions is advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L Nabi
- Department of Communication, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | | | | | - Li Qi
- Department of Communication, University of California, Santa Barbara
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24
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Segev-Jacubovski O. Functional Ability, Psychological Factors, and Rehabilitation Outcomes After Elective Total Hip Replacement. Can J Occup Ther 2023; 90:405-412. [PMID: 37072927 PMCID: PMC10647893 DOI: 10.1177/00084174231168018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Background. The role of positive psychological factors in acute rehabilitation after total hip replacement (THR) is unclear. Purpose. (a) Examine the trajectory of functional ability among older adults after THR from presurgery to discharge from acute rehabilitation and (b) determine which physical and psychological factors at admission would predict functional ability at discharge and length of stay in rehabilitation. Methods. This prospective cohort study included 30 participants (age M = 76.20 years) from an inpatient geriatric rehabilitation center. They completed the Geriatric Depression Scale and Positive Affect questionnaire. The FIM® Motor domain of Functional Independent Measure (mFIM) was recorded presurgery, at admission, and upon discharge. Findings. Functional ability improved at discharge; however, the presurgery functional ability was not regained. Positive affect explained the length of stay in rehabilitation above and beyond the presurgery mFIM. Implications. Occupational therapists should improve ways to enhance self-care and positive affect in acute rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Segev-Jacubovski
- Orit Segev-Jacubovski, Occupational Therapy Department, Ariel University, 35 Nizanim st, Hod-Hasharon, Israel.
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25
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Kalra K, Moumneh MB, Nanna MG, Damluji AA. Beyond MACE: a multidimensional approach to outcomes in clinical trials for older adults with stable ischemic heart disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1276370. [PMID: 38045910 PMCID: PMC10690830 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1276370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The global population of older adults is expanding rapidly resulting in a shift towards managing multiple chronic diseases that coexist and may be exacerbated by cardiovascular illness. Stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) is a predominant contributor to morbidity and mortality in the older adult population. Although results from clinical trials demonstrate that chronological age is a predictor of poor health outcomes, the current management approach remains suboptimal due to insufficient representation of older adults in randomized trials and the inadequate consideration for the interaction between biological aging, concurrent geriatric syndromes, and patient preferences. A shift towards a more patient-centered approach is necessary for appropriately and effectively managing SIHD in the older adult population. In this review, we aim to demonstrate the distinctive needs of older adults who prioritize holistic health outcomes like functional capacity, cognitive abilities, mental health, and quality of life alongside the prevention of major adverse cardiovascular outcomes reported in cardiovascular clinical trials. An individualized, patient-centered approach that involves shared decision-making regarding outcome prioritization is needed when any treatment strategy is being considered. By prioritizing patients and addressing their unique needs for successful aging, we can provide more effective care to a patient population that exhibits the highest cardiovascular risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Kalra
- Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Mohamad B. Moumneh
- Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Michael G. Nanna
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Abdulla A. Damluji
- Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular, Fairfax, VA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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26
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Seizer L, Fuchs D, Bliem HR, Schubert C. Emotional states predict cellular immune system activity under conditions of life as it is lived: A multivariate time-series analysis approach. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290032. [PMID: 37943877 PMCID: PMC10635540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between emotional states and immune system activity is characterized by bidirectional influences; however, limited information is available regarding the temporal dynamics of these effects. The goal of this investigation was to examine how these psychoimmunological interdependencies unfold over time under conditions of "life as it is lived". For this purpose, three healthy women collected their entire urine over a period of approximately two months at 12-h intervals (8 am-8 pm, 8 pm-8 am), resulting in a total of 112 to 126 consecutive measurements per subject. In addition, among other regular psychological assessments, the subjects completed the EWL-60-S, an emotional state questionnaire, each morning and evening. To assess the extent of T-helper type 1 immune activation, the neopterin per creatinine concentration was measured in the urine samples using high-pressure liquid chromatography. The dynamic relationships between the time series of the six emotional states (performance-related activity, general inactivity, extraversion/introversion, general feeling of comfort, emotional irritation, anxiety/depressiveness) and urinary neopterin levels were estimated in vector-autoregressive models and evaluated using Granger-causality tests, impulse-response functions and forecast error variance decompositions. The findings showed that emotional states explained up to 20% of the variance of urinary neopterin per creatinine levels, whereby most of the effects occurred within a period of approximately three days. Across all subjects, increases in anxiety/depressiveness and extraversion led to increases in neopterin levels, while a general feeling of comfort led to decreases in neopterin. These results emphasize the importance of the interdependencies between emotional states and immune system activity and showcase the potential that intensive longitudinal study designs offer for psychoneuroimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Seizer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Harald R. Bliem
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Schubert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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27
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Princip M, von Känel R, Sivakumar S, Jellestad L, Pazhenkottil AP, Langraf-Meister RE, Znoj H, Schmid JP, Barth J, Schnyder U, Zuccarella-Hackl C. Longitudinal association between positive affect and blood lipids in patients following acute myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287166. [PMID: 37917632 PMCID: PMC10621864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unfavorable blood lipid profiles are robust risk factors in predicting atherosclerotic disease. Studies have shown that positive affect (PA) is associated with a favorable lipid profile. However, longitudinal studies regarding the course of PA and lipid profiles in myocardial infarction (MI) patients are lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prospectively explore the association between PA and blood lipid levels across three inv estigations over 12 months following acute MI. METHODS Patients following an acute MI were examined at hospital admission (n = 190), and at 3 months (n = 154) and 12 months (n = 106) thereafter. Linear mixed effect regression models were used to evaluate the relation between PA, assessed with the Global Mood Scale, and blood lipid levels. Potential confounding variables were controlled for in the analysis. RESULTS Higher PA was significantly associated with higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and a lower total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratio over time, independent of demographic factors, indices of cardiac disease severity, comorbidity, medication use, health behaviors, serum cortisol and negative affect (p≤0.040). No association was found between PA and the two blood lipids low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). CONCLUSIONS Positive affect was independently associated with HDL-C levels and the TC/HDL-C ratio in patients up to 1 year after MI. The findings support a potential role of PA for cardiovascular health through an association with a favorable blood lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Princip
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sinthujan Sivakumar
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lena Jellestad
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aju P Pazhenkottil
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca E Langraf-Meister
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clienia Schlössli AG, Oetwil am See, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Znoj
- Department of Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Jürgen Barth
- Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Claudia Zuccarella-Hackl
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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28
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Pandey R, Mandal SP, Shukla M, Tripathi V, Antonova E, Kumari V. Attenuated maladaptive emotion processing as a potential mediator of the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and mental health. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21934. [PMID: 38027720 PMCID: PMC10658320 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The emotion processing and regulation mechanisms by which dispositional (personality trait) mindfulness exerts its positive effects on mental health remain unclear. Here, we tested, using structural equation modeling, whether the relationship between higher dispositional mindfulness and better mental health is mediated by reduced maladaptive processing of emotional information (e.g., expressive suppression, impoverished emotional experiences, unprocessed emotions, avoidance, externalizing strategies) and associated lower negative affect, enhanced adaptive processing of emotional information (e.g., cognitive reappraisal) and associated higher positive affect, or a combination of these two emotion processing styles. Dispositional mindfulness, mental health, diverse emotional constructs with adaptive and maladaptive dimensions (including range and differentiation of emotional experiences, use of specific emotion regulation strategies, emotion processing deficits, negative affect repair strategies, negative mood regulation expectancies), and positive and negative affect were assessed using self-report measures in a non-clinical sample of 256 adults. The relationship between higher dispositional mindfulness and better mental health was found to be best explained by reduced maladaptive emotion processing styles and associated lower negative affect, rather than by enhanced adaptive emotion processing and higher positive affect. Further research should investigate whether the same mechanisms explain psychological benefits of cultivated mindfulness in people with low dispositional mindfulness and/or with mental health disorders following mindfulness skills training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Pandey
- Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Satchit Prasun Mandal
- Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Department of Psychology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, India
| | - Meenakshi Shukla
- Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | | | - Elena Antonova
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Veena Kumari
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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29
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Pan L, Yeung NCY. Positive Psychology Interventions for Improving Self-management Behaviors in Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: a Narrative Review of Current Evidence. Curr Diab Rep 2023; 23:329-345. [PMID: 37910312 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-023-01525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Interests have been emerging in using positive psychology interventions (PPIs) to improve diabetes self-management (DSM) behaviors (e.g., blood glucose monitoring, physical activity). To explore the impact of those interventions on DSM behaviors, we summarized the evidence of PPIs on self-management behaviors among both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients between 2012 and 2022. RECENT FINDINGS Among the eight studies identified, different study designs and types of PPIs were apparent. Typical PPIs (e.g., activities enhancing positive affect/gratitude/self-affirmation/optimism) were usually applied to T1D patients (N = 5); PPIs were usually combined with motivational interviewing for T2D patients (N = 3). Contrary to expectations, PPIs did not consistently demonstrate positive effects on self-management behaviors' change regardless of the types of diabetes patients, compared to the control groups. Improvements in diabetes patients' self-management behaviors from PPIs are still unclear. Future studies should more rigorously evaluate and identify the active ingredients of PPIs for behavioral changes among diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Pan
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Room 508, Postgraduate Education Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Nelson C Y Yeung
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Room 508, Postgraduate Education Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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30
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Luo Y. Does Subjective Well-Being Improve Self-Rated Health from Undergraduate Studies to Three Years after Graduation in China? Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2813. [PMID: 37957958 PMCID: PMC10649333 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The health status of emerging adults is at risk. Although subjective well-being is one of the factors closely associated with health, their longitudinal relationship is not clear among emerging adults. The study aimed to investigate the prospective relationship between self-rated health and subjective well-being in emerging adults. The study collected longitudinal data from a total of 1021 Chinese college students (537 males and 484 females) for five years, including two years in college and three years after graduation. In the baseline survey, the average age of the sample was 21.57 years old. Descriptive statistics indicated that both self-rated health and subjective well-being significantly decreased from the senior year of college to the year after graduation. Correlation analysis revealed that self-rated health and subjective well-being had a significant positive relationship. In the five-wave random intercept cross-lagged panel model, subjective well-being unidirectionally predicted self-rated health. In other words, the subjective well-being in the previous year could positively predict self-rated health in the following year, but the previous self-rated health could not predict subsequent subjective well-being. Given the significance of emerging adulthood to individual development, more attention and care should be dedicated to improving subjective well-being so as to maintain good health and engagement in work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiao Liu
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yunfeng Luo
- School of Public Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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31
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Kruger S, Deacon E, van Rensburg E, Segal D. Identification of psychological constructs for a positive psychology intervention to assist with the adjustment to closed loop technology among adolescents living with type 1 diabetes. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1273586. [PMID: 37901094 PMCID: PMC10603242 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1273586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Adolescents have been identified as the group who struggle most with successful adjustment to closed loop technology. This study aims to identify the psychological constructs that should form part of a positive psychology intervention to assist with the adjustment to closed loop technology among adolescents living with type 1 diabetes. Method Qualitative document analysis was employed to integrate findings from two documents: a published ongoing intervention study and a recent phenomenological study by the authors. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify themes from the documents. Findings The following themes were identified as important psychological constructs that aid adjustment: the importance of knowledge and education; the process of positive adjustment to closed loop technology; a positive outlook; and building a relationship with diabetes. Conclusion Interventions are needed to assist adolescents in their adjustment to closed loop technology. The psychological constructs identified served as a starting point in designing an effective, evidence-based intervention grounded in data and theory. Knowledge and education, responsibility, identity, positive affect, gratitude, support, and trust are psychological constructs that need to be included in an intervention program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Kruger
- Department of Psychosocial Health, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Elmari Deacon
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Esmé van Rensburg
- Department of Psychosocial Health, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - David Segal
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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32
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Sveinsdóttir SÞ, Jóhannsdóttir KR. Is Positive Affect as a Trait Related to Higher Heart Rate Variability in a Stressful Situation? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6919. [PMID: 37887657 PMCID: PMC10606158 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Most of the studies on the effect of trait positive affect (PA) and cardiovascular activity have focused on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) rather than heart rate variability (HRV). However, trait PA might sustain homeostasis for the autonomic system (ANS) by reducing activity in the sympathetic system (SNS) and increasing the activity in the parasympathetic system (PNS). A common index for the PNS is the vagal tone measured indirectly through HRV. The present study assessed whether trait PA influences cardiovascular response to various stress tasks by monitoring participants' HRV measured by RMSSD (root mean square of successive differences) along with HR and interbeat interval (IBI). A total of 54 participants performed various cognitive tasks and Trier Social Stress Tasks while their vital signs were monitored, and trait PA was measured with PANAS. The cognitive tasks included both high- and low-stress tasks, including fatigue-inducing 20 min Stroop tasks. The results showed overall higher HRV as measured by RMSSD for participants who have higher levels of trait PA, indicating more PNS activity compared with low-trait-PA individuals, particularly at the end of the task performance during the fatigue induction. High-trait-PA individuals also had a lower HR during the fatigue-inducing task and a higher IBI. The results support previous work by further indicating a more adaptive response and consequently better emotional regulation for high-trait-PA individuals in a complex, prolonged task setting.
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Podber N, Gruenewald TL. Positive life experiences and mortality: Examination of psychobiological pathways. Soc Sci Med 2023; 335:116192. [PMID: 37757579 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE Positive life experiences are potentially-rewarding events and behaviors, such as social and romantic interactions, experiences of relaxation and physical comfort, time spent in nature, and other leisure activities. To date, there is limited evidence linking positive life experiences to long-term health outcomes. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS The current study used data from N = 1243 participants in the Midlife Development in the US Study Biomarker Project to examine whether greater frequency of a range of different positive experiences and greater level of enjoyment of these experiences was linked to survival over a 12- to-16-year period in Cox proportional hazards models. The potential mediating roles of positive affect, depression, perceived stress, and an allostatic load index of physiological dysregulation in these associations were also examined. RESULTS Greater frequency of positive experiences and greater enjoyment of positive experiences were both associated with a reduced hazard of mortality over the 12- to 16-year period. Models assessing a single mediator showed that both associations were mediated by decreased depression and decreased perceived stress, but not by positive affect or allostatic load. In supplementary multi-mediation models, depression was the only significant mediator of the frequency-survival and enjoyment-survival associations. CONCLUSIONS Positive life experiences may confer long-term survival benefits, partially through lessening depressive symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Podber
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, USA.
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Horner FS, Helgeson VS, Korytkowski MT. Links of positive affect and stress to HbA1c: a prospective longitudinal study. J Behav Med 2023; 46:849-859. [PMID: 37071343 PMCID: PMC10111289 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
While affect is linked to a number of diabetes outcomes, the specific role of positive affect (PA) in HbA1c remains unclear. The present study examined whether PA prospectively predicted lower HbA1c among adults with type 2 diabetes and whether this relation was moderated by stress. Participants were 123 adults (44.7% female; 60.2% White, 39.8% Black) recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Perceived stress, diabetes-specific distress, and PA were assessed at baseline; HbA1c was assessed at baseline (T1), six months (T2), and five years (T3). PA was cross-sectionally associated with lower HbA1c at T1 and prospectively predicted lower HbA1c at T3. PA interacted with both measures of T1 stress to predict T1 HbA1c, and PA interacted with T3 perceived stress to predict T3 HbA1c. Interactions were consistent with stress buffering. Sensitivity analyses attentuated findings, but robust evidence remained for PA as a protective factor for blood glucose five years later and for a stress-buffering effect of PA on diabetes-specific distress. Findings suggest PA may be a clinically useful indicator among adults with type 2 diabetes and may be particularly important for those experiencing the greatest stress from their disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona S Horner
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Vicki S Helgeson
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Mary T Korytkowski
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
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Rea EM, DeCarlo Santiago C, Nicholson L, Heard Egbert A, Bohnert AM. Sleep, Affect, and Emotion Reactivity in First-Year College Students: A Daily Diary Study. Int J Behav Med 2023; 30:753-768. [PMID: 36192610 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is an important factor in well-being, especially during the transition to college when academic and social commitments increase. Identifying factors that contribute to poor sleep (including short duration and increased variability in duration) can support development of interventions. Affect and emotion reactivity are factors that could contribute to sleep, and have not been studied in relation to sleep variables among first-year college students during their adjustment to the college environment. This adjustment might be difficult for some students, and therefore elicit affect fluctuations that contribute to poor sleep. Alternatively, sleep could contribute to daily affect. The present daily diary study examined bidirectional relations between daily sleep and affect, as well as between emotion reactivity and sleep (duration and variability) and affect (daily and overall variability) in first-year college students. METHOD First-year college students (n = 244; 86.1% female) completed a baseline survey including measures of emotion reactivity and anxiety and depressive symptoms, followed by 7 days of a once-per-day diary, reporting on their affect and sleep duration. RESULTS On days when individuals reported increased sleep duration, they also tended to experience greater positive affect the following day (p = .01). Those who experienced high levels of emotion reactivity also experienced more negative affect (p < .001) and negative affect variability (p < .001). CONCLUSION Emotion reactivity might identify college students who experience more negative affect and are possibly at risk to develop mental health disorders. The importance of sleep health should continue to be emphasized to students as they transition to college.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Nicholson
- Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Amy Heard Egbert
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Miriam Hospital/Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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Reinilä E, Kekäläinen T, Kinnunen ML, Saajanaho M, Kokko K. Longitudinal associations between emotional well-being and subjective health from middle adulthood to the beginning of late adulthood. Psychol Health 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37767928 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2261038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotional well-being may predict future health and vice versa. We examined the reciprocal associations between emotional well-being and subjective health from age 36 to 61. METHODS AND MEASURES The data were drawn from the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development and included information from 36-, 42-, 50- and 61-year-olds (N = 336). The emotional well-being indicators included life satisfaction and negative and positive mood. The subjective health indicators were self-rated health and psychosomatic symptoms. The analyses were conducted with random intercept cross-lagged panel models. RESULTS Within-person cross-lagged associations were found between emotional well-being and subjective health. Fewer psychosomatic symptoms at ages 36 and 50 predicted higher life satisfaction at ages 42 and 61, respectively. A lower negative mood at age 42 and a higher positive mood at age 50 predicted fewer psychosomatic symptoms at 50 and 61, respectively. Conversely, a higher negative mood at ages 36 and 50 predicted better self-rated health at ages 42 and 61, respectively. CONCLUSION The relationship between emotional well-being and subjective health appears to be reciprocal. Both emotional well-being and subjective health predicted each other even 6-11 years later. However, associations may depend on the variables and age periods investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi Reinilä
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tiia Kekäläinen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Kinnunen
- The Wellbeing Services County of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
- School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Milla Saajanaho
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Katja Kokko
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Marciano L, Vocaj E, Bekalu MA, La Tona A, Rocchi G, Viswanath K. The Use of Mobile Assessments for Monitoring Mental Health in Youth: Umbrella Review. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e45540. [PMID: 37725422 PMCID: PMC10548333 DOI: 10.2196/45540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving mental health in youth is a major concern. Future approaches to monitor and intervene in youth mental health problems should rely on mobile tools that allow for the daily monitoring of mental health both actively (eg, using ecological momentary assessments [EMAs]) and passively (eg, digital phenotyping) by capturing individuals' data. OBJECTIVE This umbrella review aims to (1) report the main characteristics of existing reviews on mental health and young people, including mobile approaches to mental health; (2) describe EMAs and trace data and the mental health conditions investigated; (3) report the main results; and (4) outline promises, limitations, and directions for future research. METHODS A systematic literature search was carried out in 9 scientific databases (Communication & Mass Media Complete, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, the ProQuest Sociology Database, Web of Science, and PubMed) on January 30, 2022, coupled with a hand search and updated in July 2022. We included (systematic) reviews of EMAs and trace data in the context of mental health, with a specific focus on young populations, including children, adolescents, and young adults. The quality of the included reviews was evaluated using the AMSTAR (Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews) checklist. RESULTS After the screening process, 30 reviews (published between 2016 and 2022) were included in this umbrella review, of which 21 (70%) were systematic reviews and 9 (30%) were narrative reviews. The included systematic reviews focused on symptoms of depression (5/21, 24%); bipolar disorders, schizophrenia, or psychosis (6/21, 29%); general ill-being (5/21, 24%); cognitive abilities (2/21, 9.5%); well-being (1/21, 5%); personality (1/21, 5%); and suicidal thoughts (1/21, 5%). Of the 21 systematic reviews, 15 (71%) summarized studies that used mobile apps for tracing, 2 (10%) summarized studies that used them for intervention, and 4 (19%) summarized studies that used them for both intervention and tracing. Mobile tools used in the systematic reviews were smartphones only (8/21, 38%), smartphones and wearable devices (6/21, 29%), and smartphones with other tools (7/21, 33%). In total, 29% (6/21) of the systematic reviews focused on EMAs, including ecological momentary interventions; 33% (7/21) focused on trace data; and 38% (8/21) focused on both. Narrative reviews mainly focused on the discussion of issues related to digital phenotyping, existing theoretical frameworks used, new opportunities, and practical examples. CONCLUSIONS EMAs and trace data in the context of mental health assessments and interventions are promising tools. Opportunities (eg, using mobile approaches in low- and middle-income countries, integration of multimodal data, and improving self-efficacy and self-awareness on mental health) and limitations (eg, absence of theoretical frameworks, difficulty in assessing the reliability and effectiveness of such approaches, and need to appropriately assess the quality of the studies) were further discussed. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022347717; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=347717.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marciano
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emanuela Vocaj
- Lombard School of Cognitive-Neuropsychological Psychotherapy, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mesfin A Bekalu
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Antonino La Tona
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umane e Sociali, Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giulia Rocchi
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Kasisomayajula Viswanath
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
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Posis AIB, Yarish NM, Ryu RH, Tindle HA, Michael YL, Wactawski-Wende J, Bellettiere J. Psychometric Analysis of the Modified Differential Emotions Scale and the Six-Item Life Orientation Test-Revised in a Cohort of Older Women from the Women's Health Initiative. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:992-1005. [PMID: 37449819 PMCID: PMC10510696 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Positive affect and emotional resources, such as optimism, may play a major role in women's health and promote healthy well-being later in life. However, positive affect and optimism measures have not been psychometrically assessed in older women, despite relations to health. Therefore, the objective of this study was to psychometrically assess measures of positive affect and optimism and test their association with other measures of well-being. Methods: In a Women's Health Initiative subcohort of 58,810 women (mean age [standard deviation] 79.0 [6.1]; 89% White), positive affect and optimism were measured using the modified Differential Emotions Scale (mDES) and Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), respectively. Reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. Performance was assessed using item response theory. Factor analysis was used to explore the construct validity of the LOT-R. Convergent and divergent validity with other well-being measures was tested. Results: Results suggest good reliability (mDES: Cronbach's alpha = 0.90 and omega total = 0.92; LOT-R: Cronbach's alpha = 0.79, omega hierarchical = 0.61, and omega total = 0.83). Item response analyses indicate mDES's ability to discriminate across positive affect; LOT-R was skewed toward lower optimism levels. Exploratory factor analyses suggest a two-factor solution for the LOT-R. Significant, but small correlations in expected directions to well-being measures confirmed validity hypotheses. Conclusions: The mDES and LOT-R measured positive affect and optimism with good reliability, item performance, and validity in a large sample of older postmenopausal women, supporting use of these measures to quantify effects of positive affect and optimism-promoting interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ivan B Posis
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Natalie M Yarish
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Rita H Ryu
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hilary A Tindle
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yvonne L Michael
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - John Bellettiere
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Zhu C, Lian Z, Huang Y, Zhong Q, Wang J. Association between subjective well-being and all-cause mortality among older adults in China. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:624. [PMID: 37626305 PMCID: PMC10463678 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several studies in high-income countries have suggested a positive association between subjective well-being (SWB) and mortality, studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries, such as China, are scarce. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between SWB and all-cause mortality among the older Chinese population. METHODS Data were from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), a population-based longitudinal cohort study in 22 of 31 provinces in mainland China. A total of 13,282 individuals aged 65 ≥ years who were recruited in 2002 and followed-up until 2018 were included. SWB was assessed with an eight-item tool covering life satisfaction, positive affect (including optimism, happiness, personal control and conscientiousness) and negative affect (including anxiety, loneliness and uselessness). Cox proportional hazards regression methods were carried out to estimate the association between SWB and total mortality, adjusting for a wide range of potential confounders. Subgroup analyses and interaction analyses were further conducted. RESULTS During the 16.5 years of follow-up, 8459 deaths were identified. Greater SWB was independently associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.81-0.89) after adjustment for age, sex, marital status, education level, place of residence, smoking status, drinking, exercise, diet, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases and cancer. Of the eight individual SWB symptoms, only 2 items, feelings of uselessness (adjusted HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.89-0.99) and happiness (adjusted HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.86-0.95), were significantly associated with total mortality. Associations remained significant across all subgroups regardless of different characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Higher SWB overall and 2 certain symptoms (feelings of uselessness and happiness) were independently associated with all-cause mortality risk among older Chinese adults. The association was consistent across different groups, suggesting that promoting a healthier SWB may be beneficial to all older individuals irrespective of their characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsu Zhu
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 420, Fuma Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou, 350014, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Lian
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 420, Fuma Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou, 350014, China.
| | - Yongying Huang
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 420, Fuma Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Qiaofeng Zhong
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 420, Fuma Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 420, Fuma Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou, 350014, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Zahar S, De Longis E, Hudry J. Revealing the Acute Effects of Dietary Components on Mood and Cognition: The Role of Autonomic Nervous System Responses. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1177. [PMID: 37626533 PMCID: PMC10452653 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of literature suggests dietary components can support mood and cognitive function through the impact of their bioactive or sensorial properties on neural pathways. Of interest, objective measures of the autonomic nervous system-such as those regulating bodily functions related to heartbeat and sweating-can be used to assess the acute effects of dietary components on mood and cognitive function. Technological advancements in the development of portable and wearable devices have made it possible to collect autonomic responses in real-world settings, creating an opportunity to study how the intake of dietary components impacts mood and cognitive function at an individual level, day-to-day. In this paper, we aimed to review the use of autonomic nervous system responses such as heart rate or skin galvanic response to investigate the acute effects of dietary components on mood and cognitive performance in healthy adult populations. In addition to examining the existing methodologies, we also propose new state-of-the-art techniques that use autonomic nervous system responses to detect changes in proxy patterns for the automatic detection of stress, alertness, and cognitive performance. These methodologies have potential applications for home-based nutrition interventions and personalized nutrition, enabling individuals to recognize the specific dietary components that impact their mental and cognitive health and tailor their nutrition accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sélima Zahar
- Brain Health Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.D.L.); (J.H.)
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Evelina De Longis
- Brain Health Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.D.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Julie Hudry
- Brain Health Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.D.L.); (J.H.)
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Pisu M, Liang MI, Pressman SD, Ryff CD, Patel MR, Hussein M, Williams CP, Henrikson NB, Schoenberger YM, Pracht LJ, Bradshaw E, Carpenter TT, Matthis A, Schwartz DL, Martin MY. Expanding research on the impact of financial hardship on emotional well-being: guidance of diverse stakeholders to the Emotional Well-Being and Economic Burden of Disease (EMOT-ECON) Research Network. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1196525. [PMID: 37575433 PMCID: PMC10416236 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1196525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Emotional Well-Being and Economic Burden (EMOT-ECON) Research Network is one of six research networks funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to advance research about emotional well-being (EWB), and the only one that focuses on addressing how economic burden due to disease or illness affects EWB. The network convened researchers, patients, patient advocates, health care providers and other stakeholders from across the US to discuss the significance of addressing the impact of the economic burden of disease on EWB, the complexity of this prevalent problem for patients and families, and the research gaps that still need to be studied to ultimately develop strategies to reduce the impact of economic burden of disease on EWB and health. Participants identified some important future areas of research as those investigating: (i) prevalent and relevant emotions for patients experiencing economic burden of disease and financial hardship, and how their broader outlook on life is impacted; (ii) constructs and contexts that influence whether the economic burden is stressful; (iii) strategies to deal and cope and their positive or negative effects on EWB and health; and (iv) multi-level and multi-stakeholder interventions to address economic factors (e.g., costs, ability to pay), administrative burdens, education and training, and especially patients' emotional as well as financial status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pisu
- Division of Preventive Medicine and O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Margaret I. Liang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarah D. Pressman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Carol D. Ryff
- Department of Psychology and Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Minal R. Patel
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mustafa Hussein
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Courtney P. Williams
- Division of Preventive Medicine and O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Nora B. Henrikson
- Kaiser Permanente, Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yu-Mei Schoenberger
- Division of Preventive Medicine and O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Erin Bradshaw
- Patient Advocate Foundation, Patient Insight Institute, Hampton, VA, United States
| | | | - Amy Matthis
- American Diabetes Association, Alexandria, VA, United States
| | - David L. Schwartz
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Michelle Y. Martin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Center for Innovation in Health Equity Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Kim R, Kim CW, Park H, Lee KS. Explainable artificial intelligence on life satisfaction, diabetes mellitus and its comorbid condition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11651. [PMID: 37468531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study uses artificial intelligence for testing (1) whether the comorbidity of diabetes and its comorbid condition is very strong in the middle-aged or old (hypothesis 1) and (2) whether major determinants of the comorbidity are similar for different pairs of diabetes and its comorbid condition (hypothesis 2). Three pairs are considered, diabetes-cancer, diabetes-heart disease and diabetes-mental disease. Data came from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2016-2018), with 5527 participants aged 56 or more. The evaluation of the hypotheses were based on (1) whether diabetes and its comorbid condition in 2016 were top-5 determinants of the comorbidity in 2018 (hypothesis 1) and (2) whether top-10 determinants of the comorbidity in 2018 were similar for different pairs of diabetes and its comorbid condition (hypothesis 2). Based on random forest variable importance, diabetes and its comorbid condition in 2016 were top-2 determinants of the comorbidity in 2018. Top-10 determinants of the comorbidity in 2018 were the same for different pairs of diabetes and its comorbid condition: body mass index, income, age, life satisfaction-health, life satisfaction-economic, life satisfaction-overall, subjective health and children alive in 2016. In terms of SHAP values, the probability of the comorbidity is expected to decrease by 0.02-0.03 in case life satisfaction overall is included to the model. This study supports the two hypotheses, highlighting the importance of preventive measures for body mass index, socioeconomic status, life satisfaction and family support to manage diabetes and its comorbid condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranyeong Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chae-Won Kim
- AI Center, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-Ro, Seongbook-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- School of Health & Environmental Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuntae Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-Ro, Seongbook-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Sig Lee
- AI Center, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-Ro, Seongbook-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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Song CF, Tay PKC, Gwee X, Wee SL, Ng TP. Happy people live longer because they are healthy people. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:440. [PMID: 37464330 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04030-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Higher levels of happiness are associated with longer life expectancy. Our study assessed the extent to which various factors explain the protective effect of happiness on all-cause mortality risk, and whether the association differs between older men and women. METHODS Using data from the Singapore Longitudinal Aging Studies (N = 6073) of community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 55 years, we analyzed the association of baseline Likert score of happiness (1 = very sad to 5 = very happy) and mortality from mean 11.7 years of follow up. Cox regression models were used to assess the extent to which confounding risk factors attenuated the hazard ratio of association in the whole sample and sex-stratified analyses. RESULTS Happiness was significantly associated with lower mortality (p < .001) adjusted for age, sex and ethnicity: HR = 0.85 per integer score and HR = 0.57 for fairly-or-very happy versus fairly-or-very sad. The HR estimate (0.90 per integer score) was modestly attenuated (33.3%) in models that included socio-demographic and support, lifestyle or physical health and functioning factor, but remained statistically significant. The HR estimate (0.94 per integer score) was substantially attenuated (60%) and was insignificant in the model that included psychological health and functioning. Including all co-varying factors in the model resulted in statistically insignificant HR estimate (1.04 per integer score). Similar results were obtained for HR estimates for fairly-to-very happy versus fairly-to- very sad). DISCUSSION Much of the association between happiness and increased life expectancy could be explained by socio-demographic, lifestyle, health and functioning factors, and especially psychological health and functioning factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Feng Song
- Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Dr, Singapore, Singapore, 138683, Singapore
| | - Peter Kay Chai Tay
- Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Dr, Singapore, Singapore, 138683, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Gwee
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiou Liang Wee
- Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Dr, Singapore, Singapore, 138683, Singapore.
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Song J, Crawford CM, Fisher AJ. Sleep Quality Moderates the Relationship Between Daily Mean Levels and Variability of Positive Affect. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2023; 4:385-393. [PMID: 37304567 PMCID: PMC10247919 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the well-established bidirectional association between sleep and daytime affect, most studies examining this relationship have focused on mean levels of affect. However, research solely focusing on mean levels of affect inherently neglects variability in affect, which has been shown to predict both psychological and physical well-being beyond mean levels. The present study assessed sleep quality and daytime affect using ecological momentary assessment in a combined sample of individuals (N = 80; 8,881 observations) with and without anxiety and mood disorders. Results from the present study partially replicated extant work on the negative association between negative affect (NA) variability and subsequent sleep quality. Furthermore, less satisfying sleep amplified the positive relationship between daily mean levels and variability of positive affect (PA). The results did not differ by clinical status. The present study offers novel evidence suggesting that previous night's sleep quality influences the stability of varying daily levels of PA. Uncovering the dynamics of sleep and affect beyond mean levels will help further elucidate mechanisms linking sleep and subsequent affective experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Song
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berekely, CA USA
| | - Christopher M. Crawford
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA USA
| | - Aaron J. Fisher
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berekely, CA USA
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Kobrinsky V, Siedlecki KL. Mediators of the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Suicidality among Adults. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:233-246. [PMID: 37234827 PMCID: PMC10205933 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are consistently found to be negatively associated with physical, psychological, and psychosocial well-being throughout the lifespan. While previous research has established risk factors and noxious outcomes arising post-ACEs, less attention has been given to factors such as resilience, perceived social support, and subjective well-being that may help explain the relationship between ACEs and psychopathology. Hence, the objectives of this study are to examine: (1) the relationships among ACEs and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and suicidality in adulthood, and (2) whether resilience, social support, and subjective well-being mediate the relationship between ACEs and psychopathological symptoms. Cross-sectional data on ACEs, psychological factors, potential mediating variables, and sociodemographic factors were collected from a community sample of adults aged 18-81 (N = 296) via an on-line survey. Endorsing ACEs was significantly and positively correlated with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and suicidality. Results of parallel mediation analyses showed that social support, negative affect, and life satisfaction statistically mediated the relationships between ACEs and psychopathological outcomes in adulthood. These results highlight the importance of identifying potential mediators of the ACEs-psychopathological symptoms relationship to aid in the development of screening and intervention practices that could bolster developmental outcomes following traumatic childhood experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kobrinsky
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 113 W. 60th Street, New York, NY 10023 USA
| | - Karen L. Siedlecki
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 113 W. 60th Street, New York, NY 10023 USA
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Bartley EJ, Makhoul M, Palit S, Robinson ME, Fillingim RB. Examining Physical and Cognitive Function in Chronic Low Back Pain Through the Use of a Multisystem Resilience Framework. PAIN MEDICINE (MALDEN, MASS.) 2023; 24:547-555. [PMID: 36269196 PMCID: PMC10406157 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnac156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic pain results in significant impairment in older adults, yet some individuals maintain adaptive functioning. Limited research has considered the role of positive resources in promoting resilience among older adults. Likewise, these factors have largely been examined independently. We aimed to identify resilience domains based on biopsychosocial factors and explore whether resilience phenotypes vary across sleep disturbance, fatigue, and cognitive function. METHODS Sixty adults (ages ≥60 years) with chronic low back pain completed measures of psychological, health, and social functioning. On the basis of previously published analyses, principal-components analysis was conducted to create composite domains for these measures, followed by cluster analysis to identify phenotypes. RESULTS Four profiles emerged: Cluster 1, with high levels of psychosocial and health-related functioning; Cluster 2, with high health-related functioning and low psychosocial functioning; Cluster 3, with high psychosocial functioning and poorer health; and Cluster 4, with low levels of functioning across all domains. Significant differences across cluster membership emerged for sleep disturbance (ηp2 = 0.29), fatigue (ηp2 = 0.29), and cognitive abilities (ηp2 = 0.47). Individuals with the highest levels of resilience demonstrated more optimal outcomes in sleep and fatigue (P values ≤0.001) than did individuals with a less resilient phenotype. Furthermore, the High-Resilience group (Cluster 1) and the High Psychosocial / Low Health group (Cluster 3) had lower cognitive impairment than did the High Health / Low Psychosocial group (Cluster 2) and the Low-Resilience group (Cluster 4) (P values ≤0.009). CONCLUSIONS A higher array of protective resources could buffer against the negative sequelae associated with chronic low back pain. These exploratory findings support the multidimensional nature of resilience and suggest that targeting resilience from a multisystem perspective might help to optimize interventions for older adults with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Bartley
- Correspondence to: Emily J. Bartley, PhD, Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, 1329 SW 16 St., Suite 5192, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. Tel: 352-273-8934; Fax: 352-273-5985; E-mail:
| | - Melissa Makhoul
- Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Shreela Palit
- Nemours Children’s Health, Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael E Robinson
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Roger B Fillingim
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Dollar JM, Perry NB, Calkins SD, Shanahan L, Keane SP, Shriver L, Wideman L. Longitudinal associations between specific types of emotional reactivity and psychological, physical health, and school adjustment. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:509-523. [PMID: 35034683 PMCID: PMC9288564 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Using a multimethod, multiinformant longitudinal design, we examined associations between specific forms of positive and negative emotional reactivity at age 5, children's effortful control (EC), emotion regulation, and social skills at age 7, and adolescent functioning across psychological, academic, and physical health domains at ages 15/16 (N = 383). We examined how distinct components of childhood emotional reactivity directly and indirectly predict domain-specific forms of adolescent adjustment, thereby identifying developmental pathways between specific types of emotional reactivity and adjustment above and beyond the propensity to express other forms of emotional reactivity. Age 5 high-intensity positivity was associated with lower age 7 EC and more adolescent risk-taking; age 5 low-intensity positivity was associated with better age 7 EC and adolescent cardiovascular health, providing evidence for the heterogeneity of positive emotional reactivity. Indirect effects indicated that children's age 7 social skills partially explain several associations between age 5 fear and anger reactivity and adolescent adjustment. Moreover, age 5 anger reactivity, low-, and high-intensity positivity were associated with adolescent adjustment via age 7 EC. The findings from this interdisciplinary, long-term longitudinal study have significant implications for prevention and intervention work aiming to understand the role of emotional reactivity in the etiology of adjustment and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Dollar
- Department of Kinesiology and Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Nicole B. Perry
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Susan D. Calkins
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Lilly Shanahan
- Department of Psychology and Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich
| | - Susan P. Keane
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Lenka Shriver
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Laurie Wideman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
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Johnson EA, Survase S, Gray PB. Examining the Impact of Virtual Animal Stimuli on College Students' Affect and Perception of their Academic Advising Experience. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091522. [PMID: 37174559 PMCID: PMC10177355 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of animal-assisted interventions (AAI) involving animals in therapy are widely accepted. The presence of animals in therapy can decrease a patient's reservation about therapy and promote a sense of comfort and rapport during the therapy process. Using survey data from college students (n = 152) attending a large public four-year institution, this study is the first to investigate the benefits of virtual animal stimuli during academic advising appointments. It posits that exposure to virtual animal stimuli can influence positive mental health and well-being in academic advising settings. Specifically, the research questions explored how different types of video content influence students' affect and how virtual animal stimuli impact students' perception of their advisor and university. College students were randomly assigned to watch one of four types of virtual stimuli (wild animals, companion animals, nature, and a control) prior to their advising session. Subjective measures were collected at baseline and after the advising session. Results indicated animal stimuli increase positive affect, and companion animal stimuli influence the student's perception of the advisor. This study supports the notion that companion animal videos positively impact students' well-being and interactions with their advisors and may have broader implications beyond the academic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheetal Survase
- School of Public Policy and Leadership, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Peter B Gray
- Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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Rahal D, Tashjian SM, Karan M, Eisenberger N, Galván A, Fuligni AJ, Hastings PD, Cole SW. Positive and negative emotion are associated with generalized transcriptional activation in immune cells. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 153:106103. [PMID: 37054596 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in immune system gene expression have been implicated in psychopathology, but it remains unclear whether similar associations occur for intraindividual variations in emotion. The present study examined whether positive emotion and negative emotion were related to expression of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes in circulating leukocytes from a community sample of 90 adolescents (Mage = 16.3 years, SD = 0.7; 51.1% female). Adolescents reported their positive emotion and negative emotion and provided blood samples twice, five weeks apart. Using a multilevel analytic framework, we found that within-individual increases in positive emotion were associated with reduced expression of both pro-inflammatory and Type I interferon (IFN) response genes, even after adjusting for demographic and biological covariates, and for leukocyte subset abundance. By contrast, increases in negative emotion were related to higher expression of pro-inflammatory and Type I IFN genes. When tested in the same model, only associations with positive emotion emerged as significant, and increases in overall emotional valence were associated with both lower pro-inflammatory and antiviral gene expression. These results are distinct from the previously observed Conserved Transcriptional Response to Adversity (CTRA) gene regulation pattern characterized by reciprocal changes in pro-inflammatory and antiviral gene expression and may reflect alterations in generalized immunologic activation. These findings highlight one biological pathway by which emotion may potentially impact health and physiological function in the context of the immune system, and future studies can investigate whether fostering positive emotion may promote adolescent health through changes in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Rahal
- Edna Bennet Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Sarah M Tashjian
- Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Maira Karan
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Naomi Eisenberger
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adriana Galván
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew J Fuligni
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Paul D Hastings
- Center for Mind & Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Steve W Cole
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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50
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Unanue W, Martela F, Vignoles VL, Dittmar H. Clarifying the link between psychological need satisfaction and positive affect: Longitudinal within-person tests for bi-directional influence in two cultures. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070231157149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Positive affect is often considered the “hallmark of well-being,” associated with better health, longevity, and success. Self-determination theory (SDT) proposes that satisfying three basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness (BNS) fosters optimal functioning, thriving, and positive affect. Meanwhile, broaden-and-build theory suggests that positive emotions predict future psychosocial resources such as need satisfaction. Previous research on the BNS–positive affect link has not sufficiently established to what extent changes in BNS precede changes in positive affect or vice versa. We tested this in two 3-wave longitudinal studies, conducted over 2 years in the UK (Study 1: N = 958) and over 2 months in Latin America (Study 2: N = 1200). Bivariate latent trait-state-occasion models revealed that within-person fluctuations in BNS significantly predicted subsequent fluctuations in positive affect in both studies, but fluctuations in positive affect predicted subsequent fluctuations in BNS only in Study 2. These findings consistently support SDT predictions, whereas they only partially support broaden-and-build theory predictions, helping to clarify the likely causal relations between BNS and positive affect.
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