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Anderson AJ, Perone S. The kids are bored: Trait boredom in early childhood and links to self-regulation, coping strategies, and parent-child interactions. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 243:105919. [PMID: 38581758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Boredom is a negative emotion that most people experience on occasion. However, some people experience boredom more or are unable to tolerate it, which is called trait boredom. Trait boredom has been well-studied in adolescence and adulthood, but little is known about trait boredom in childhood. The main goal of this study was to measure trait boredom in 4- to 6-year-olds (N = 130) and to test whether it relates to self-regulatory processes in a similar fashion that has been observed in adults and identify strategies children use to cope with boredom. We found boredom in childhood was related to self-regulatory processes in a similar fashion as it does in adults, and most children used social stimulation strategies (e.g., asking to play with a parent) or behavioral strategies (e.g., playing with toys) to cope with boredom. The findings are discussed within the context of prevention and the emotion regulation and boredom literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sammy Perone
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
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2
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Tang Y, Perry NB, He T, Wu D, Zhou N, Lin X. Grandmother-grandchild physiological synchrony in Chinese three-generation families: Links with child emotion regulation. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22498. [PMID: 38698634 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The current study examined the characteristics of physiological synchrony between grandmothers and grandchildren in Chinese three-generation families, and the associations between physiological synchrony and child emotion regulation. The participants included 92 children (age 8-10-year old) and their grandmothers. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was collected from both grandmothers and their grandchildren throughout a collaborative drawing task and a conflict discussion task. Child emotion regulation was measured using the Children's Emotional Management Scale. We found no evidence for an overall pattern of concordant or discordant synchrony within dyads. Instead, there was great variability in patterns of synchrony across dyads. During the collaborative drawing task, concordance in grandmother's RSA and grandchildren's subsequent RSA was linked with better emotion regulation. During the conflict discussion, concordance in grandmother's RSA and grandchildren's simultaneous RSA was linked with poorer emotion regulation. These results suggest that grandmother-grandchild synchrony in different directions, time lags, and contexts has different influences on children's emotion regulation. The findings of this study highlight the importance of contextual physiological co-regulation between Chinese children and their grandmothers for children's social-emotional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Tang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole B Perry
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ting He
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Dazhou Wu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiuyun Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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3
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Gys CL, Haft SL, Zhou Q. Relations between self-regulation and behavioral adjustment in Chinese American immigrant children during early elementary school years. Child Dev 2024; 95:160-176. [PMID: 37487023 PMCID: PMC10961111 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined associations between sociocultural factors and self-regulation (parent-report, teacher-report, laboratory tasks), and prospective relations between self-regulation and behavioral adjustment (parent-, teacher-, child-report) in a socioeconomically diverse sample of Chinese American children in immigrant families (N = 258, Wave 1 age = 6-9 years, Wave 2 age = 9-11 years, 52% boys, 57% low-income) in a longitudinal study (2007-2011) during early elementary school years. Family income uniquely related to a self-regulation latent factor (β = .22), and parent-child Chinese orientation gaps were associated with parent-reported effortful control (β = .40). Self-regulation at W1 negatively predicted parent- and teacher-reported behavioral maladjustment (β s = -.22 and -.48) at W2, controlling for cross-time stability of both constructs and covariates (child sex, parental education).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Gys
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Stephanie L Haft
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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4
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Wu XY, Lau EYH, Li JB, Chan DKC. Children's Daily Living Routine Mediates the Relations Between Parent-Child Relationships and Child Adjustment Problems During School Suspension in Hong Kong. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01609-7. [PMID: 37728827 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Young children's adjustment problems were found to be prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Such adjustment problems may be dependent on children's relationships with their parents and children's daily living routine in the family during the pandemic-related school suspension period. This study examines how children's routine mediated the associations between parent-child relationships and child adjustment problems during the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong, when schools were suspended. The study collected data from 937 parents (87.8% mothers) of children aged 5-12 (M = 7.35 years, SD = 2.09; 50.5% girls). Parents reported on parent-child relationships, children's daily living routine, and child adjustment problems in an online survey. Our findings from structural equation modeling indicate that parent-child closeness was negatively related to child adjustment problems, whereas conflict was positively related to child adjustment problems. Children's routine mediated the associations between parent-child relationships (i.e., closeness and conflict) and child externalizing problems. However, children's routine did not mediate the associations between parent-child relationships (i.e., closeness and conflict) and child internalizing problems. The findings show that parents should be helped to establish routine, especially in difficult times when young children experience turbulence in their daily life, so as to reduce their adjustment problems, in particular of an externalizing nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yuan Wu
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Eva Yi Hung Lau
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Jian-Bin Li
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Derwin King Chung Chan
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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5
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Inhibitory Control in Early Childhood Aggression Subtypes: Mediation by Irritability. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:366-378. [PMID: 34550506 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study tested irritability as a mediator of inhibitory control's (IC) associations with crossed form and function aggression subtypes over one year in early childhood (N = 300, Mage = 44.70 months, SD = 4.38 months). We hypothesized lower IC would predict increases in irritability, which would in turn predict increases in aggression overall (severity) and a predominance of reactive over proactive subtypes (directionality), and considered moderation by gender. Irritability mediated IC's relations in the predicted direction for physical severity for girls only and relational severity for both genders. Lower IC predicted increases in irritability, which in turn predicted increasing predominance of reactive over proactive physical and relational aggression. The predicted indirect effect was significant for physical but not relational directionality. Findings highlight the viability of directionality scores for disentangling these effects, and that developmental associations between IC, irritability, and reactive functions of aggression are evident in early childhood.
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Vogel AC, Brotman MA, Roy AK, Perlman SB. Review: Defining Positive Emotion Dysregulation: Integrating Temperamental and Clinical Perspectives. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:297-305. [PMID: 36007814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although emotion dysregulation has been defined as a maladaptive process of emotional experiences, there is no specific reference to the emotional valence of the dysregulation. To date, child psychiatry has focused primarily on dysregulation of negative affect. Here, we suggest that positive emotion dysregulation requires additional clinical and research attention. METHOD First, we present a developmental approach to the study of positive emotion regulation within a temperament framework. Second, we describe emerging research findings regarding dysregulation of positive emotion in early childhood. Third, we integrate neuroscientific approaches to positive emotion regulation and introduce a framework for future investigations and clinical applications. RESULTS Dysregulation in positive affect can be examined from temperamental, developmental, clinical, and neuroscientific perspectives. Both temperamental surgency, which includes positive affect, and the proposed clinical extension, excitability, are associated with increased risk of externalizing symptoms and clinical impairment in youth. CONCLUSION Studying the role of both temperamental surgency and clinically impairing positive affect, or excitability, in developmental psychopathology will help to elucidate the full spectrum of emotion dysregulation and to clarify the neural basis of dysregulation. A more comprehensive conceptualization of positively valanced emotion dysregulation will provide a more nuanced understanding of developmental risk and potential targets for intervention. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alecia C Vogel
- Drs. Vogel and Perlman are with Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. Brotman is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Roy is with Fordham University, Bronx, New York.
| | - Melissa A Brotman
- Drs. Vogel and Perlman are with Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. Brotman is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Roy is with Fordham University, Bronx, New York
| | - Amy Krain Roy
- Drs. Vogel and Perlman are with Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. Brotman is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Roy is with Fordham University, Bronx, New York
| | - Susan B Perlman
- Drs. Vogel and Perlman are with Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. Brotman is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Roy is with Fordham University, Bronx, New York
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7
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The moderating effect of parenting stress on temperament and social competence in early childhood. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Reaume C, Seddon JA, Colwell S, Sack L, Do Rosario S, Thomassin K. Racial-ethnic differences in positive emotion socialization: Links to child emotional lability. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Halvorson MA, King KM, Lengua LJ. Examining interactions between negative emotionality and effortful control in predicting preadolescent adjustment problems. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 79:101374. [PMID: 35221412 PMCID: PMC8865403 DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Negative emotionality and effortful control consistently predict child adjustment, yet few studies explore their interactive effects on adjustment. In concurrent and longitudinal (one-year follow-up) analyses, we examined negative emotionality-by-effortful control interactions in predicting anxiety, depression, and conduct problems in 214 children aged 8-12. Temperament was assessed using behavioral tasks measuring fear, frustration, executive control, and delay ability. An interaction between frustration and executive control predicting conduct problems was observed; higher executive control was related to fewer concurrent conduct problems for those moderate to high in frustration, but did not predict conduct problems for those low in frustration. This interaction did not predict conduct problems one year later. No support was found for negative emotionality-by-effortful control interactions predicting anxiety or depression. Our findings highlight the importance of executive control during preadolescence and provide mixed evidence regarding whether facets of negative emotionality and executive control interact with one another to influence adjustment.
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Lin B, Lemery-Chalfant K, Beekman C, Crnic KA, Gonzales NA, Luecken LJ. Infant Temperament Profiles, Cultural Orientation, and Toddler Behavioral and Physiological Regulation in Mexican-American Families. Child Dev 2021; 92:e1110-e1125. [PMID: 34786699 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to (a) replicate infant temperament profiles from predominantly White samples in a sample of low-income, predominantly first-generation Mexican-American families, (b) investigate associations between infant temperament profiles and toddler behavioral and physiological regulation, and (c) explore whether mothers' cultural orientation would moderate those associations. Mothers and infants (n = 322; 46% male) were assessed during pregnancy and at infant ages 9, 12, and 24 months. Latent profile analysis yielded three temperament profiles that were consistent with those from extant research. Compared to the high positive affect, well-regulated profile, the negative reactive, low regulated profile was associated with poorer behavioral and parasympathetic (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia) regulation, but associations depended on mothers' Mexican and Anglo cultural orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Lin
- University at Albany, State University of New York
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11
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Wang M, Niu H, Liu L. Intergenerational Transmission of Corporal Punishment: The Independent and Interactive Moderating Role of Children's Negative Affectivity and Effortful Control. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP4588-NP4610. [PMID: 30132715 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518794513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the independent and interactive moderating effects of children's negative affectivity (NA) and effortful control (EC) on the relations between parental childhood history of corporal punishment (CP) and their current use of CP. A total of 634 Chinese father-mother dyads with preschoolers (M age = 4.69 years, 53.8% boys) reported on their experience of CP in childhood, their current use of CP toward children, and their children's NA and EC. For both mothers and fathers, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that children's NA and EC independently and interactively moderated the relations between parental childhood history of CP and their current use of CP. Specifically, high NA intensified but high EC weakened the relations between parental childhood history of CP and their current use of CP. Moreover, high EC also weakened the intensifying effect of NA, with the intergenerational stability of CP being weakest and even disrupted when children were at low NA and high EC meanwhile. Findings from the present study highlight the importance of considering how the child factor may influence the intergenerational transmission of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hua Niu
- Shandong Normal University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Shandong Normal University, Jinan, P. R. China
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12
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Wong HY, Jenvey V, Lill A. Children's self‐reports and parents' reports of internalising and externalising problems in Chinese and Anglo‐Celtic children in Australia. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-9536.2011.00038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alan Lill
- Biological Sciences, Clayton Campus, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Zhai S, Lu C, Han J, Du S, Wu W, He J. The roles of temperamental inhibition in affective and cognitive empathy in Chinese toddlers. INFANCY 2020; 25:888-909. [PMID: 32949484 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Empathy, crucial to harmonious interpersonal relationships and moral development, has both affective and cognitive components. Previous studies found that toddlers' temperamental inhibition may influence their empathy, but mainly focused on emotional response to others' distress. Little is known about whether inhibited children's poor empathy is due to high reactivity and social withdrawal when sharing others' affective states, such as distress (affective empathy), or to a difficulty in comprehending and inferring others' perspective (cognitive empathy). The current study investigated the role of behavioral inhibition (BI) in affective empathy (response to pain simulation) and cognitive empathy (performance in perspective-taking task) among 163 Chinese toddlers and tested in both only and non-only children. Correlation analyses showed that BI was only negatively associated with affective empathy. The relation between BI and cognitive empathy was moderated by self-regulation and inhibited children who were low in self-regulation presented low cognitive empathy. Additionally, only children presented advanced cognitive empathy but poorer affective empathy than non-only children. These findings imply different roles of BI in affective versus cognitive empathy in early childhood. Although highly inhibited children rarely show positive social expression toward others' distress, caution is needed in inferring that they lack a capacity for cognitive empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Zhai
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenxin Lu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjing Han
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuiyun Du
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiyang Wu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Ato E, Fernández-Vilar MÁ, Galián MD. Relation Between Temperament and School Adjustment in Spanish Children: A Person-Centered Approach. Front Psychol 2020; 11:250. [PMID: 32140131 PMCID: PMC7042392 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine from a person-centered approach the impact of temperament on academic achievement and sociometric status in a sample of 6-7-year-old Spanish children. To measure children's temperament in early childhood, parents were given TMCQ (Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire), while sociometric status and academic achievement were requested for children's teachers. Using latent profile analysis (LPA) four temperament profiles were found. Children belonged to the "Negative/Undercontrolled" profile showed a higher probability of academic failure and were more rejected, and children included in the profile "Sociable/High regulated" showed higher academic scores and a lower probability of being rejected by their peers. Several implications in the Spanish educational context are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Ato
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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15
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Kwon K, Teer JE, Maurice SA, Matejka CM. Self‐report of emotional experience and peer nominations of expressivity: Predictability of change in teacher‐rated social behavior. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyongboon Kwon
- Department of Educational Psychology University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee Milwaukee WI USA
| | - JaNae E. Teer
- Department of Educational Psychology University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee Milwaukee WI USA
| | - Samuel A. Maurice
- Department of Educational Psychology University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee Milwaukee WI USA
| | - Cassandra M. Matejka
- Department of Educational Psychology University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee Milwaukee WI USA
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16
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Slobodskaya HR, Petrenko EN, Loginova SV, Kornienko OS, Kozlova EA. Relations of child effortful control to personality, well-being and parenting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 55:144-153. [PMID: 30693487 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study examined effortful control and its relations to personality, parenting and well-being in a community sample of Russian preschool children (N = 365, 46% girls) using parent-reported effortful control scale from the very short form of the children's behaviour questionnaire, the inventory of child individual differences-short version, the Alabama parenting questionnaire-preschool revision, the self-reporting questionnaire, and parent and teacher reports on the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. The findings confirmed the four-factor structure of effortful control, including inhibitory control, attentional control, low-intensity pleasure and perceptual sensitivity. Girls demonstrated higher scores than boys on effortful control, perceptual sensitivity, inhibitory control and low-intensity pleasure. Older children scored higher than younger on inhibitory control and perceptual sensitivity and lower on low-intensity pleasure. Gender and age accounted for less than 3% of the variance in effortful control. Effortful control was associated with personality traits of conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness, and with positive emotions and low-negative affect. Higher effortful control was associated with higher levels of prosocial behaviour and lower levels of externalising and internalising problems. Structural modelling showed that the effect of parenting on child prosocial and problem behaviours may be mediated by effortful control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena R Slobodskaya
- Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Olga S Kornienko
- Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena A Kozlova
- Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
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17
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18
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Teng YPT, Kuo LTW, Zhou Q. Maternal Employment and Family Socioeconomic Status: Unique Relations to Maternal Stress, Parenting Beliefs, and Preschoolers' Adjustment in Taiwanese Families. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2018; 27:3506-3519. [PMID: 30631239 PMCID: PMC6324735 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-018-1173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid increase in women's labor force participation in Asia, a greater understanding of the impact of maternal employment on parenting and child development in Asia is much needed. The present study examined the concurrent relations between maternal employment status and family characteristics (e.g., socioeconomic status/SES, family structure) in Taiwanese families, and the unique relations of maternal employment and family SES to maternal stress, parenting beliefs, and preschoolers' socioemotional adjustment. In a school-based sample of 511 preschoolers (age range = 4-6 years, 52.9% girls), their mothers, and teachers in Taipei and Taitung, mothers reported their employment status, family characteristics, perceived stress and parenting beliefs. Mothers and teachers rated preschoolers' adjustment. Results showed that compared to unemployed mothers in Taiwan, employed mothers were more likely to come from families with higher SES and fewer children, and nuclear (vs. extended) families. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized model. Mothers from lower-SES families reported higher stress and higher endorsement of coercive parenting, and lower endorsement of authoritative parenting than mothers from higher-SES families. Controlling for SES, employed mothers endorsed higher coercive parenting than unemployed mothers. Mothers' endorsement of authoritative parenting was associated with better child adjustment by mothers' (but not teachers') reports, whereas maternal stress and coercive parenting were associated with poorer child adjustment (by mothers' reports only). In sum, maternal employment was intricately associated with family SES in Taiwanese families, and the two contextual factors shape parenting and child adjustment in different processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ping Teresa Teng
- Department of Family Studies and Child Development, Shih Chien University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li Tsung-Wen Kuo
- Department of Early Childhood Education, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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19
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Hernández MM, Eisenberg N, Valiente C, Spinrad TL, Berger RH, Johns SK, Silva KM, Diaz A, Southworth J, Thompson MS. Emotions in school and symptoms of psychological maladjustment from kindergarten to first grade. J Exp Child Psychol 2018; 176:101-112. [PMID: 30149242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The associations between children's (N = 301) observed expression of positive and negative emotion in school and symptoms of psychological maladjustment (i.e., depressive and externalizing symptoms) were examined from kindergarten to first grade. Positive and negative emotional expressivity levels were observed in school settings, and teachers reported on measures of children's externalizing and depressive symptoms. In longitudinal panel models testing bidirectional paths, depressive symptoms in kindergarten were negatively associated with positive expressivity in first grade but not vice versa. Children's externalizing symptoms in kindergarten predicted higher negative expressivity in school in first grade. There was also significant prediction of externalizing in first grade by negative expressivity during kindergarten. Implications about child psychological maladjustment in early schooling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciel M Hernández
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA; Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
| | - Nancy Eisenberg
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Carlos Valiente
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Tracy L Spinrad
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Rebecca H Berger
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Sarah K Johns
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Kassondra M Silva
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Anjolii Diaz
- Department of Psychological Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Jody Southworth
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Marilyn S Thompson
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Kryski KR, Olino TM, Dyson MW, Durbin CE, Klein DN, Hayden EP. Associations between observed temperament in preschoolers and parent psychopathology. Personal Ment Health 2018; 12:131-144. [PMID: 29160041 PMCID: PMC5962380 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parent history of psychopathology is an established marker of children's own risk for later disorder and can therefore be used as a means of validating other risks, such as child temperament. While associations between children's temperament and parent psychopathology have been reported, few studies have used observational measures of child temperament or examined trait interactions, particularly between children's affective and regulatory traits such as effortful control (EC). In this bottom-up family study of 968 three-year-olds and their parents, we examined interactions between preschoolers' observed positive and negative affectivity (NA) and EC as predictors of a known marker of psychopathology risk: parent history of disorder. Children with lower positive affectivity had an increased probability of paternal depression history in the context of higher child NA. In addition, children with lower EC and higher NA had an increased probability of maternal anxiety. Findings shed new light on the main effects and interactions that account for associations between child temperament and parent history of disorder, one of the best-established markers of an individual's own risk for future disorder, implicating reactive and regulatory traits that merit special consideration in future longitudinal work. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie R Kryski
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas M Olino
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Margaret W Dyson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - C Emily Durbin
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Daniel N Klein
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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21
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Yu J, Cheah CSL, Hart CH, Yang C. Child inhibitory control and maternal acculturation moderate effects of maternal parenting on Chinese American children's adjustment. Dev Psychol 2018; 54:1111-1123. [PMID: 29658739 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The goals of this study were to examine: (a) bidirectional associations between maternal parenting (physical punishment and guilt induction) and Chinese American preschool children's psychosocial adjustment and (b) the role of maternal cultural orientation and child temperament in moderating parenting effects. Participants were Chinese American mothers and children (N = 163, Mage = 4.56, 53% boys). Mothers reported on their parenting practices at both Wave 1 (W1) and Wave 2 (W2) and their cultural orientations and children's inhibitory control at W1. Teachers rated children's prosocial, internalizing, and externalizing behaviors at both W1 and W2. A Bayesian approach to path analysis was utilized to investigate how parenting, child inhibitory control, and maternal cultural orientations work together to predict the development of children's prosociality and psychosocial problems. Results showed that for Chinese immigrant mothers who were highly acculturated toward the American culture and for children with low levels of inhibitory control, maternal use of physical punishment predicted more externalizing problems in children. Child inhibitory control and maternal enculturation were directly associated with less W2 child internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Moreover, physical punishment predicted more internalizing behavior, whereas guilt induction predicted less child internalizing behavior. Maternal guilt induction also prospectively predicted more prosocial behavior but only for children with low levels of inhibitory control. Finally, only one child effect was significant: More W1 internalizing behavior predicted less W2 physical punishment. These effects held after controlling for temporal stabilities of the constructs and demographic covariates. Findings are discussed within the cultural context of the study. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County
| | | | | | - Chongming Yang
- College of Family, Home, and Social Sciences, Brigham Young University
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22
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Parenting Profiles and Children's Social Skills: The Mediating Role of Effortful Control. ADONGHAKOEJI 2018. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2018.39.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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23
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Ren L, Zhang X. Paternal parenting, child temperament, and problem behaviour: An investigation among young Hong Kong children. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Ren
- Faculty of Education; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Faculty of Education; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
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24
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Lauring J, Selmer J, Kubovcikova A. Personality in context: effective traits for expatriate managers at different levels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2017.1381137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Lauring
- Department of Management, Aarhus BSS – School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Selmer
- Department of Management, Aarhus BSS – School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Annamaria Kubovcikova
- Department of Management, Aarhus BSS – School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
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25
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Zhu J, Ooi LL, Li Y, Coplan RJ, Xie Q, Zhang Y, Xu P. Concomitants and outcomes of anxiety in Chinese kindergarteners: A one-year longitudinal study. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Crockett LJ, Wasserman AM, Rudasill KM, Hoffman L, Kalutskaya I. Temperamental Anger and Effortful Control, Teacher-Child Conflict, and Externalizing Behavior Across the Elementary School Years. Child Dev 2017; 89:2176-2195. [PMID: 28766703 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examined teacher-child conflict as a possible mediator of the effects of temperamental anger and effortful control on subsequent externalizing behavior. Reciprocal influences between teacher-child conflict and externalizing behavior were also examined. Participants were 1,152 children (49% female; 81.6% non-Hispanic White) from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Multivariate growth curve modeling revealed that greater effortful control at age 54 months indirectly predicted lower levels of, and subsequent changes in, externalizing behavior from kindergarten to Grade 6 through reduced teacher-child conflict. An alternative model, in which greater effortful control predicted lower teacher-child conflict through lower externalizing behavior, received less support. Within persons, greater-than-expected teacher-child conflict predicted greater-than-expected teacher-reported externalizing behavior concurrently and over time.
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27
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Tardif T. Culture, Language, and Emotion: Explorations in Development. MINNESOTA SYMPOSIA ON CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119301981.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Melis Yavuz H, Selcuk B, Corapci F, Aksan N. Role of Temperament, Parenting Behaviors, and Stress on Turkish Preschoolers’ Internalizing Symptoms. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Bao Z, Li D, Zhang W, Wang Y. School climate and delinquency among Chinese adolescents: analyses of effortful control as a moderator and deviant peer affiliation as a mediator. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 43:81-93. [PMID: 24962709 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-014-9903-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
School climate is the quality and character of school life and reflects the norms, goals, values, interpersonal relationships, teaching and learning practices, and the organizational structure of a school. There is substantial literature documenting the negative association between positive school climate and adolescent delinquency, but little is known about the moderating and mediating mechanisms underlying this relationship. The aim of this study was to examine whether the direct and indirect pathways between school climate and adolescent delinquency would be moderated by effortful control. A sample of 2,758 Chinese adolescents (M age = 13.53 years, SD = 1.06) from 10 middle schools completed anonymous questionnaires regarding school climate, effortful control, deviant peer affiliation, and delinquency. After gender, age, geographical area, and socioeconomic status were included as covariates, the results revealed that school climate was significantly associated with adolescent delinquent behavior. This direct association was moderated by effortful control, such that the negative relationship between positive school climate and delinquency was only significant among adolescents low in effortful control. Moreover, the indirect association between school climate and delinquency via deviant peer affiliation was also moderated by effortful control. Specifically, the moderating effect of effortful control was not only manifested in the relationship between school climate and deviant peer affiliation, but also in the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and delinquency. These findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms through which positive school climate might reduce delinquent behavior and have important implications for prevention efforts aimed at diminishing adolescent delinquency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhou Bao
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, No.55 Zhongshan West Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
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30
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Backer-Grøndahl A, Nærde A, Ulleberg P, Janson H. Measuring Effortful Control Using the Children's Behavior Questionnaire–Very Short Form: Modeling Matters. J Pers Assess 2015; 98:100-9. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2015.1056303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Focusing on the positive: a review of the role of child positive affect in developmental psychopathology. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2015; 17:97-124. [PMID: 24323039 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-013-0162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review proposes a transactional model of child positive affect (PA) to reflect the ways that PA, in various contexts, may confer both risk and protection for psychosocial adjustment. Though research has largely explored the ways that low PA relates to maladjustment in youth, much less research has focused on the ways that PA can facilitate adjustment, particularly under conditions of risk. Yet, theory suggests that a greater emphasis on PA as a protective factor is an important endeavor in developmental psychopathology research; such conceptual issues are explored in this review. This review also seeks to spur a more nuanced approach to the study of child PA through the use of increased multi-method, longitudinal assessments as well as the consideration of contextual factors. Building upon this research base is important for aiding in the development of intervention and prevention efforts that attempt to promote positive psychosocial development and mitigate the course of psychopathology in youth at risk for PA difficulties.
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32
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Willoughby MT, Stifter CA, Gottfredson NC. The epidemiology of observed temperament: Factor structure and demographic group differences. Infant Behav Dev 2015; 39:21-34. [PMID: 25733489 PMCID: PMC4417459 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the factor structure of observational indicators of children's temperament that were collected across the first three years of life in the Family Life Project (N=1205) sample. A four-factor model (activity level, fear, anger, regulation), which corresponded broadly to Rothbart's distinction between reactivity and regulation, provided an acceptable fit the observed data. Tests of measurement invariance demonstrated that a majority of the observational indicators exhibited comparable measurement properties for male vs. female, black vs. white, and poor vs. not-poor children, which improved the generalizability of these results. Unadjusted demographic group comparisons revealed small to moderate sized differences (Cohen ds=|.23-.42|) in temperamental reactivity and moderate to large sized differences (Cohen ds=-.64--.97) in regulation. Collectively, demographic variables explained more of the variation in regulation (R(2)=.25) than in reactivity (R(2)=.02-.06). Follow-up analyses demonstrated that race differences were substantially diminished in magnitude and better accounted for by poverty. These results help to validate the distinction between temperamental reactivity and regulation using observational indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia A Stifter
- Human Development & Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, United States
| | - Nisha C Gottfredson
- Center for Developmental Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
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33
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Wang M, Saudino KJ. Positive affect: phenotypic and etiologic associations with prosocial behaviors and internalizing problems in toddlers. Front Psychol 2015; 6:416. [PMID: 25914668 PMCID: PMC4391446 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite evidence for the associations of positive affect to prosocial behaviors and internalizing problems, relatively little is known about the underlying etiology. The sample comprised over 300 twin pairs at age 3. Positive affect, prosocial behaviors, and internalizing problems were assessed using the Toddler Behavior Assessment Questionnaire (Goldsmith, 1996), the Revised Rutter Parent Scale for Preschool Children (Hogg et al., 1997), and the Child Behavior Checklist for ages 1.5-5 (Achenbach, 1991), respectively. Positive affect correlated positively with prosocial behaviors, and negatively with internalizing problems. Prosocial behaviors were negatively associated with internalizing problems. The relations of positive affect to prosocial behaviors and internalizing problems were due to environmental effects (shared and non-shared). In contrast, the link between prosocial behaviors and internalizing problems was entirely explained by genetic effects. The current study has moved beyond prior emphasis on negative affect and elucidated the less understood etiology underlying the associations between positive affect, prosocial behaviors, and internalizing problems. This study could guide the development of programs for promoting prosocial behaviors and alleviating internalizing problems in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjie Wang
- Psychology, Franklin and Marshall CollegeLancaster, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly J. Saudino
- Developmental Behavior Genetics Lab, Psychology, Boston UniversityBoston, MA, USA
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34
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The Mediating Effect of Effortful Control on the Relationship between Affectionate Parenting Behavior and Preschooler’s Conscience. ADONGHAKOEJI 2015. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2015.36.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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35
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Viddal KR, Berg-Nielsen TS, Wan MW, Green J, Hygen BW, Wichstrøm L. Secure attachment promotes the development of effortful control in boys. Attach Hum Dev 2015; 17:319-35. [PMID: 25659572 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2014.999098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although effortful control (EC), a regulatory aspect of temperament, is associated with a wide range of developmental outcomes, knowledge about EC promoters is scarce. This study explored whether secure attachment promoted the development of EC from preschool to school age in a community sample of 903 Norwegian children. EC was measured using the parent-reported Children's Behavior Questionnaire at four (T1) and six (T2) years of age, and attachment was measured using the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task at T1. Previous research has indicated that a child's gender and socioeconomic status are possible covariates of EC; hence, these factors were included in the analyses. Despite considerable rank-order stability in EC, secure attachment contributed to an increase in EC. Furthermore, gender moderated the effect of attachment: secure attachment promoted EC in boys only. These findings emphasize preschool boys' need for emotional security to facilitate effortful capacities in their transition to school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Rensvik Viddal
- a Department of Psychology , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , 7491 Trondheim , Norway
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36
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Chen SH, Zhou Q, Uchikoshi Y, Bunge SA. Variations on the bilingual advantage? Links of Chinese and English proficiency to Chinese American children's self-regulation. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1069. [PMID: 25324795 PMCID: PMC4179764 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined whether bilingualism-related advantages in self-regulation could be observed: (a) among Chinese American immigrant children with varying levels of Chinese and English proficiencies, and (b) across different domains of self-regulation in laboratory, home, and classroom contexts. A socioeconomically diverse sample of first- and second-generation Chinese American immigrant children between ages 7 and 10 (n = 223) was administered assessments of Chinese and English language proficiencies and a multi-method, multi-informant battery of self-regulation measures. Multiple regression analyses suggested that controlling for covariates (child age, gender, and SES), children's bilingualism-related advantages were limited to higher performance only on computerized tasks of cognitive flexibility, and only among children with higher degrees of fluency in both Chinese and English. By contrast, proficiencies in one language (either Chinese or English) were uniquely and positively associated with other domains of self-regulation, including parent and teacher-reported effortful control. These results suggest that the bilingual advantage for self-regulation may be observed as a continuous variable among immigrant children with varying levels of bilingual fluency; however, this advantage may not extend across all domains and contexts of self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H Chen
- Department of Psychology, Wellesley College Wellesley, MA, USA
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yuuko Uchikoshi
- School of Education, University of California, Davis Davis, CA, USA
| | - Silvia A Bunge
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA
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37
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Grabell AS, Olson SL, Miller AL, Kessler DA, Felt B, Kaciroti N, Wang L, Tardif T. The impact of culture on physiological processes of emotion regulation: a comparison of US and Chinese preschoolers. Dev Sci 2014; 18:420-35. [DOI: 10.1111/desc.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Wang
- Peking University; Beijing China
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38
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Predicting internalizing problems in Chinese children: the unique and interactive effects of parenting and child temperament. Dev Psychopathol 2014; 25:653-67. [PMID: 23880383 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579413000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The additive and interactive relations of parenting styles (authoritative and authoritarian parenting) and child temperament (anger/frustration, sadness, and effortful control) to children's internalizing problems were examined in a 3.8-year longitudinal study of 425 Chinese children (aged 6-9 years) from Beijing. At Wave 1, parents self-reported on their parenting styles, and parents and teachers rated child temperament. At Wave 2, parents, teachers, and children rated children's internalizing problems. Structural equation modeling indicated that the main effect of authoritative parenting and the interactions of Authoritarian Parenting × Effortful Control and Authoritative Parenting × Anger/Frustration (parents' reports only) prospectively and uniquely predicted internalizing problems. The above results did not vary by child sex and remained significant after controlling for co-occurring externalizing problems. These findings suggest that (a) children with low effortful control may be particularly susceptible to the adverse effect of authoritarian parenting and (b) the benefit of authoritative parenting may be especially important for children with high anger/frustration.
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39
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Allan NP, Mikolajewski AJ, Lonigan CJ, Hart SA, Taylor J. Examining the etiological associations among higher-order temperament dimensions. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2014; 48:51-60. [PMID: 24729641 PMCID: PMC3979431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A multivariate independent pathway model was used to examine the shared and unique genetic and environmental influences of Positive Affect (PA), Negative Affect (NA), and effortful control (EC) in a sample of 686 twin pairs (M age = 10.07, SD = 1.74). There were common genetic influences and nonshared environmental influences shared across all three temperament dimensions and shared environmental influences in common to NA and EC. There were also significant independent genetic influences unique to PA and NA and significant independent shared environmental influences unique to PA. This study demonstrates that there are genetic and environmental influences that affect the covariance among temperament dimensions as well as unique genetic and environmental influences that influence the dimensions independently.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher J. Lonigan
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, United States
- Florida Center for Reading Research, Florida State University, United States
| | - Sara A. Hart
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, United States
- Florida Center for Reading Research, Florida State University, United States
| | - Jeanette Taylor
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, United States
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40
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Abstract
Researchers use multiple informants' reports to assess and examine behavior. However, informants' reports commonly disagree. Informants' reports often disagree in their perceived levels of a behavior ("low" versus "elevated" mood), and examining multiple reports in a single study often results in inconsistent findings. Although researchers often espouse taking a multi-informant assessment approach, they frequently address informant discrepancies using techniques that treat discrepancies as measurement error. Yet, recent work indicates that researchers in a variety of fields often may be unable to justify treating informant discrepancies as measurement error. In this review, the authors advance a framework (Operations Triad Model) outlining general principles for using and interpreting informants' reports. Using the framework, researchers can test whether or not they can extract meaningful information about behavior from discrepancies among multiple informants' reports. The authors provide supportive evidence for this framework and discuss its implications for hypothesis testing, study design, and quantitative review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres De Los Reyes
- Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Sarah A. Thomas
- Comprehensive Assessment and Intervention Program, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Kimberly L. Goodman
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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41
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Lee EH, Zhou Q, Eisenberg N, Wang Y. Bidirectional Relations between Temperament and Parenting Styles in Chinese Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2012; 37:57-67. [PMID: 23482684 DOI: 10.1177/0165025412460795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined bidirectional relations between child temperament and parenting styles in a sample (n = 425) of Chinese children during elementary school period (age range = 6 to 9 years at Wave 1). Using two waves (3.8 years apart) of longitudinal data, we tested two hypotheses: (1) whether child temperament (effortful control and anger/frustration) at Wave 1 predicts parenting styles (authoritative and authoritarian parenting) at Wave 2, controlling for Wave 1 parenting; and (2) whether parenting styles at Wave 1 predict Wave 2 temperament, controlling for Wave 1 temperament. We found support for bidirectional relations between temperament and authoritarian parenting, such that higher effortful control and lower anger/frustration were associated with higher authoritarian parenting across time and in both directions. There were no significant cross-time associations between children's temperament and authoritative parenting. These findings extend the previous tests of transactional relations between child temperament and parenting in Chinese children and are consistent with the cultural values toward effortful control and control of anger/frustration in Chinese society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica H Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
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42
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Factors Affecting Preschooler's Prosocial Behavior and Cognitive Problem-solving Ability : Focusing on the Parents' and Preschooler's Effortful Control, and Affectionate Parenting Behavior. ADONGHAKOEJI 2012. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2012.33.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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43
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Park IJK, Kim PY. The Role of Self-Construals in the Link Between Anger Regulation and Externalizing Problems in Korean American Adolescents: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model. J Clin Psychol 2012; 68:1339-59. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.21878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Eggum ND, Eisenberg N, Reiser M, Spinrad TL, Michalik NM, Valiente C, Liew J, Sallquist J. Relations over Time among Children's Shyness, Emotionality, and Internalizing Problems. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2012; 21:109-129. [PMID: 22383862 PMCID: PMC3286801 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2011.00618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Data regarding children's shyness and emotionality were collected at three time points, two years apart (T1: N = 214, M = 6.12 years; T2: N = 185, M = 7.67 years; T3: N = 185, M = 9.70 years), and internalizing data were collected at T1 and T3. Relations among parent-rated shyness, emotionality (parent- and teacher-rated anger, sadness, and positive emotional intensity [EI]), and mother-rated internalizing were examined in panel models. In some cases, shyness predicted emotionality two years later (teacher-rated anger, parent-rated sadness, teacher-rated positive EI) and emotionality sometimes predicted shyness two years later (teacher-rated sadness, parent-rated positive EI, teacher-rated positive EI). Parent-rated shyness and/or emotionality (parent-rated anger and parent-rated sadness) predicted internalizing at T3. Results shed light on developmental relations between emotionality and shyness, as well as processes of risk for, or protection against, the development of internalizing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie D Eggum
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University (now at the School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University)
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45
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He J, Hane AA, Degnan KA, Henderson HA, Xu Q, Fox NA. Anger and Positive Reactivity in Infancy: Effects on Maternal Report of Surgency and Attention Focusing in Early Childhood. INFANCY 2012; 18:184-201. [PMID: 25698908 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-7078.2012.00113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We examined two aspects of temperamental approach in early infancy, positive reactivity and anger, and their unique and combined influences on maternal reports of child surgency and attention focusing at 4 years of age. One hundred and fourteen infants were observed for their positive reactions to novel stimuli at 4 months, and their anger expressions during arm restraint at 9 months. Child surgency and attention focusing at age 4 years were assessed by maternal report. Infants who expressed more anger to restraint were rated higher in surgency during early childhood relative to infants who expressed less anger. The effects of positive reactivity to novelty on attention focusing were moderated by anger to restraint. These findings suggest that infant temperamental approach tendencies are multifaceted and have both unique and combined influences on later maternal report of attention and social behavior.
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Hardaway CR, Wilson MN, Shaw DS, Dishion TJ. Family Functioning and Externalizing Behaviour among Low-income Children: Self-regulation as a Mediator. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2011; 21:67-84. [PMID: 22879800 DOI: 10.1002/icd.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine self-regulation as a mediator of the relation between family functioning and externalizing behaviour in 731 low-income children (M age = 41 months) across three time points. Specifically, this study focused on whether chaos in the home and positive behaviour support were indirectly related to externalizing problems through their influence on inhibitory control. The primary findings were as follows: (a) chaos in the home at age 3 years was indirectly related to externalizing behaviour at age 5.5 years through children's inhibitory control at age 4 years, and (b) positive behaviour support at age 3 years was indirectly related to externalizing behaviour at age 5.5 years through inhibitory control at age 4 years. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.
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De Los Reyes A, Kundey SM, Wang M. The end of the primary outcome measure: A research agenda for constructing its replacement. Clin Psychol Rev 2011; 31:829-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bridgett DJ, Mayes LC. Development of inhibitory control among prenatally cocaine exposed and non-cocaine exposed youths from late childhood to early adolescence: The effects of gender and risk and subsequent aggressive behavior. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2011; 33:47-60. [PMID: 21256424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the present investigation was to characterize the development of inhibitory control, an aspect of executive functions, in a sample of prenatally cocaine exposed (CE; n=165) children compared to an at risk, but prenatally cocaine unexposed (NCE; n=119) sample across time (i.e. 7.5 to 11.5 years of age). Gender and cumulative risk, a combination of postnatal medical (i.e. low birth weight and APGAR scores) and demographic risk, indexed by maternal educational attainment, were examined as predictors of change in inhibitory control across time and aggression was modeled as an outcome when children reached 14 years of age. Multiple group latent growth models indicated that CE children made more errors at 7.5 years of age during a standard Stroop interference task, however, over time CE children had greater age-related improvements, narrowing the initial gap, with NCE children in the ability to inhibit errors. Gender effects at 7.5 years within the NCE group were identified with NCE boys making initially more errors than NCE girls; both NCE and CE girls improved faster across development compared to NCE and CE boys, respectively. Greater cumulative risk was associated with more errors at 7.5 years in the CE and NCE groups. No differences were observed between CE and NCE children on time to complete the Stroop task at 7.5 years. However, NCE children had greater age-related improvements in their time to complete the Stroop interference task relative to their CE counterparts. NCE girls improved the fastest over time relative to NCE boys; a similar trend emerged (p<0.10) with CE girls improving faster over time than CE boys. Although all participants improved across development, higher cumulative risk in both groups was associated with slower age-related improvements (i.e. higher slopes) in the time to complete the Stroop task across development. After accounting for gender and cumulative risk, findings in both groups indicated that those who made more errors at 7.5 years of age and/or who had slower age-related changes (i.e. higher slopes) of time to complete the Stroop task across development were more aggressive as rated by caregivers at 14 years of age. Although qualified by gender and cumulative risk, these findings are consistent with reduced cognitive processing efficiency and executive function difficulties in CE children relative to NCE children. Findings suggest that executive function difficulties in CE children may be subtle as development continues to unfold over time. Furthermore, these findings indicate that development of inhibitory control may be an important mechanism linking prenatal cocaine exposure, gender, and cumulative risk to later adverse outcomes.
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Valiente C, Eisenberg N, Haugen R, Spinrad TL, Hofer C, Liew J, Kupfer A. Children's Effortful Control and Academic Achievement: Mediation Through Social Functioning. EARLY EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT 2011; 22:411-433. [PMID: 22573931 PMCID: PMC3346258 DOI: 10.1080/10409289.2010.505259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Valiente
- School of Social & Family Dynamics, Arizona State University
| | | | - Rg Haugen
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University
| | | | - Claire Hofer
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University
| | - Jeffrey Liew
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University
| | - Anne Kupfer
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University
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Mullola S, Ravaja N, Lipsanen J, Alatupa S, Hintsanen M, Jokela M, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Gender differences in teachers’ perceptions of students’ temperament, educational competence, and teachability. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 82:185-206. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8279.2010.02017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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