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Grubbs JB, Connolly AJ, Floyd CG, Kim HS, Kraus SW. Impulsivity and diverse forms of sports wagering in the U.S.: An examination of the UPPS-P model. Addict Behav 2024; 156:108058. [PMID: 38733951 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Grubbs
- Department of Psychology, Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, And Addictions (CASAA), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA.
| | - Alex J Connolly
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Christopher G Floyd
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, USA
| | - Hyoun S Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Shane W Kraus
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, USA
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2
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Howells RL, Dunn LC, Carter JC. The relationship between difficulties in the regulation of positive and negative emotions and binge-eating symptoms in young adults. Eat Behav 2024; 52:101839. [PMID: 38091809 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
It is well-established that binge-eating (BE) is linked to emotion regulation (ER) difficulties. However, research to date has focused almost exclusively on difficulties regulating negative emotions, with little attention to the relationship between positive emotion dysregulation and BE. Further, research is inconclusive regarding which specific facets of ER difficulties are most strongly associated with BE behaviour. Therefore, the current study examined whether difficulties regulating both negative as well as positive emotions explained unique variance in BE among young adults. The study also aimed to identify which particular dimensions of negative and positive ER difficulties were most strongly related to BE symptoms. Participants (N = 449) ages 18-25 completed self-report measures of difficulties regulating positive and negative emotions, BE symptoms, and psychological distress. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that BE was related to difficulties regulating both positive emotions and negative emotions, after controlling for psychological distress and BMI. Lack of emotional clarity and lack of access to ER strategies when faced with strong negative emotions were the facets of negative ER difficulties most strongly associated with BE. Impulsivity when experiencing strong positive emotions was the facet of positive ER difficulties most strongly associated with BE. These findings support the ER model of BE and suggest that difficulties regulating both positive and negative emotions contribute to BE among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Howells
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
| | - Leigh C Dunn
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
| | - Jacqueline C Carter
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
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Liu M, Wu W, Zapolski T, Cyders MA. Measurement Invariance and Differential Relationship to Substance Use of the Short UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale Across Racial Groups. Assessment 2023; 30:2212-2222. [PMID: 36604806 PMCID: PMC10634311 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221146339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Short UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior (SUPPS-P) scale assesses impulsive traits; however, its use among racial/ethnic minorities needs further testing. The aims of this study are to (a) test the measurement invariance of the SUPPS-P scale between White and racial/ethnic minority groups and (b) determine whether impulsive personality traits differentially relate to substance use outcomes across these groups. Participants were 1,301 young adults and recruited through a large public university or Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis concluded strong measurement invariance for Black, Asian American, and Hispanic/Latino groups, each compared with a White group. Most relationships between SUPPS-P traits and substance use did not differ across the groups compared, although two differences emerged with alcohol use. The SUPPS-P can validly and reliably measure impulsive traits in Black, Hispanic/Latino, and Asian American young to middle adults. Previous findings on risk patterns with the SUPPS-P likely generalize to these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Liu
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tamika Zapolski
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Melissa A. Cyders
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
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4
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Wallace GT, Henry KL, Barrett KC, Conner BT. Personality and emotion dysregulation profiles predict differential engagement in a wide range of health-risk behaviors. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1740-1752. [PMID: 34243687 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1947302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health-risk behaviors have an unclear etiology and college students have elevated risk for engagement. Emotion dysregulation and several personality dimensions have been implicated in health-risk behaviors, but these constructs have rarely been studied together. Further, it is unknown if different types of health-risk behaviors have distinct etiologies. PARTICIPANTS 2077 college students completed a cross-sectional survey. METHODS Latent profile analysis discerned classes of participants from emotion dysregulation and personality dimensions. Differential engagement in self-injury, suicidality, disordered eating, substance misuse, and unprotected sex was evaluated across classes. RESULTS Three classes were identified, which were primarily distinguished by emotion dysregulation, urgency, and neuroticism. Health-risk behaviors generally increased across classes with increasing emotion-related constructs. Self-injury and suicidality demonstrated different patterns than other health-risk behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Results elucidate heterogeneity in health-risk behavior engagement. Focusing on emotional difficulties may be more important for reducing self-injury and suicidality than disordered eating, substance misuse, and risky sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma T Wallace
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kimberly L Henry
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Karen C Barrett
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Bradley T Conner
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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5
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Schafer ES. Adverse childhood experiences and risky behaviors in male college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1926-1934. [PMID: 34448681 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1950731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The current study examined associations between ACEs and health-risk behaviors in male college students.Participants:795 men who attended a large southern public university.Method:One-way ANOVA was used to explore whether the ACEs of sexual abuse, exposure to interparental violence, household mental illness, and household substance abuse significantly affected male college students' high risk drinking, number of sexual partners, and/or impulsivity.Results:Sexual abuse was significantly associated with all three measured outcomes and had the strongest associations of all assessed ACEs. Exposure to interparental violence was significantly associated only with number of sexual partners. Household substance abuse was significantly associated with high risk drinking and number of sexual partners. A simple linear regression revealed that for each additional ACE, students in the sample increased their risky behaviors.Conclusions:Results confirm a dose-response between ACEs and negative outcomes. Mindfulness training, policy/funding advocacy, and trauma-informed support are discussed as implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Smith Schafer
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina - Union, Union, South Carolina, USA
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Kwon E, Aalsma MC, Zapolski TCB, Monahan PO, Hulvershorn L. Impulsivity as a Predictor of Early Dating Initiation in 11-12-Year-Old Youth. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:1435-1443. [PMID: 36547853 PMCID: PMC10560549 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As early initiation of dating behaviors is associated with risky sexual behaviors (e.g., higher number of sexual partners, sex with strangers), the current study examined determinants of early dating behaviors, focusing on impulsivity. Participants were 11-12-year-old boys (n = 109) and girls (n = 61) recruited from a psychiatric clinic and ads targeted to the general public. Ordered logistic regression models were used to examine the association between each facet of impulsivity (negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking) and dating behaviors. Youth with higher sensation seeking and negative urgency was more likely to initiate dating behaviors at early ages compared to those with lower scores on those measures. Further, we found that female gender and higher parental education were associated with lower risk of initiating dating behaviors at early age. Advanced pubertal development was associated with higher risk for early dating. Our findings can inform prevention efforts, identifying sensation seeking and negative urgency as predictors of youths' early engagement in dating behaviors, which can be a precursor of early sexual debut and risky sexual behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kwon
- Department of Public Health, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Mathew C Aalsma
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tamika C B Zapolski
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10th Street, Suite 2000, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Patrick O Monahan
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Leslie Hulvershorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10th Street, Suite 2000, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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7
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Compton SE, Slavish DC, Weiss NH, Bowen HJ, Contractor AA. Associations between positive memory count and hazardous substance use in a trauma-exposed sample: Examining the moderating role of emotion dysregulation. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:1480-1508. [PMID: 36861379 PMCID: PMC10182872 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research has demonstrated links between autobiographical memory retrieval and hazardous substance use. However, limited work has examined relations between positive autobiographical memories and hazardous substance use, as well as moderating factors influencing these relations. Thus, we examined the potential moderating roles of negative and positive emotion dysregulation in the relations between count of retrieved positive memories and hazardous substance use (alcohol and drug use separately). METHODS Participants were 333 trauma-exposed students (Mage = 21.05; 85.9% women) who completed self-report measures assessing positive memory count, hazardous alcohol and drug use, negative emotion dysregulation, and positive emotion dysregulation. RESULTS Positive emotion dysregulation significantly moderated the association between positive memory count and hazardous alcohol use (b = 0.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.01, 0.06], p = 0.019), as well as the association between positive memory count and hazardous drug use (b = 0.02, 95% CI [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.002). Individuals with more positive emotion dysregulation had stronger associations between increases in positive memory count and increased hazardous substance use. CONCLUSION Findings indicate that trauma-exposed individuals who retrieve more positive memories and experience difficulties regulating positive emotions report greater hazardous substance use. Positive emotion dysregulation may be an important target for memory-based interventions among trauma-exposed individuals who report hazardous substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danica C. Slavish
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole H. Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Holly J. Bowen
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Shared genetic architecture between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and lifespan. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:981-990. [PMID: 36906694 PMCID: PMC10209393 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence linking ADHD to a reduced life expectancy. The mortality rate in individuals with ADHD is twice that of the general population and it is associated with several factors, such as unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, social adversity, and mental health problems that may in turn increase mortality rates. Since ADHD and lifespan are heritable, we used data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of ADHD and parental lifespan, as proxy of individual lifespan, to estimate their genetic correlation, identify genetic loci jointly associated with both phenotypes and assess causality. We confirmed a negative genetic correlation between ADHD and parental lifespan (rg = -0.36, P = 1.41e-16). Nineteen independent loci were jointly associated with both ADHD and parental lifespan, with most of the alleles that increased the risk for ADHD being associated with shorter lifespan. Fifteen loci were novel for ADHD and two were already present in the original GWAS on parental lifespan. Mendelian randomization analyses pointed towards a negative causal effect of ADHD liability on lifespan (P = 1.54e-06; Beta = -0.07), although these results were not confirmed by all sensitivity analyses performed, and further evidence is required. The present study provides the first evidence of a common genetic background between ADHD and lifespan, which may play a role in the reported effect of ADHD on premature mortality risk. These results are consistent with previous epidemiological data describing reduced lifespan in mental disorders and support that ADHD is an important health condition that could negatively affect future life outcomes.
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Elliott MV, Johnson SL, Pearlstein JG, Muñoz Lopez DE, Keren H. Emotion-related impulsivity and risky decision-making: A systematic review and meta-regression. Clin Psychol Rev 2023; 100:102232. [PMID: 36512906 PMCID: PMC9974869 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Emotion-related impulsivity, the trait-like tendency toward regrettable behavior during states of high emotion, is a robust predictor of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Despite substantial evidence that emotion-related impulsivity is important transdiagnostically, relatively little is known about its cognitive correlates. This systematic review and meta-regression investigates one such candidate, risky decision-making. We analyzed 195 effect sizes from 51 studies of 14,957 total participants, including 105 newly calculated effect sizes that were not reported in the original publications. The meta-regression demonstrated evidence for a small, positive relationship of emotion-related impulsivity with behavioral indices of risky decision-making (ß = 0.086). Effects generalized across sample age, gender, Positive versus Negative Urgency, and clinical versus nonclinical samples. The average effect size varied by task type, with stronger effects for the Iowa Gambling Task and Delay Discounting Task. Experimental arousal manipulation was nearly a significant moderator, with stress and pharmacological manipulations yielding significant effect sizes. Analyses indicated that publication bias did not skew the current findings. Notwithstanding limitations, the data suggest that risky decision-making is a cognitive domain that relates to emotion-related impulsivity. We conclude with recommendations regarding the specific types of tasks and arousal inductions that will best capture emotion-related impulsivity in future experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V Elliott
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America.
| | - Sheri L Johnson
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Hanna Keren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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10
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Li G, Chen Y, Chaudhary S, Tang X, Li CSR. Loss and Frontal Striatal Reactivities Characterize Alcohol Use Severity and Rule-Breaking Behavior in Young Adult Drinkers. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:1007-1016. [PMID: 35709958 PMCID: PMC10249655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol misuse is associated with externalizing behaviors, including rule breaking. Studies have implicated altered reward processing in externalizing behaviors and alcohol misuse. Here, we investigated whether reward or punishment reactivity more significantly influenced alcohol use severity and rule-breaking behavior in young adult drinkers. METHODS We curated data from the Human Connectome Project and identified 181 binge (132 men) and 288 nonbinge (97 men) drinkers performing a gambling task during brain imaging. Alcohol use severity was quantified by the first principal component of principal-component analysis of all drinking measures. We analyzed the imaging data using published routines and evaluated the results at a corrected threshold. We examined the interrelationship between imaging and clinical metrics with mediation and path analyses. RESULTS Compared with nonbingers, bingers showed more severe rule-breaking behavior and responded significantly faster during post-loss than during post-win trials. Compared with nonbingers, bingers demonstrated greater inferior/middle frontal gyrus and cerebellum activations in loss-predominating blocks but no differences in regional responses to win-predominating blocks, relative to an interblock baseline. The right caudate body showed loss reactivity that was positively correlated with the rule-breaking score. No regional responses to wins were significantly correlated with the rule-breaking score. Mediation and path analyses demonstrated significant models with inferior/middle frontal gyrus and caudate reactivity to loss interrelating rule breaking and alcohol use severity. CONCLUSIONS Punishment rather than reward reactivity was associated with alcohol use severity and rule breaking in young adults. The findings highlight the roles of negative emotions in psychological models of externalizing behaviors and alcohol misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shefali Chaudhary
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xiaoying Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
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11
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Flores J, Brake CA, Hood CO, Badour CL. Posttraumatic stress and risky sex in trauma-exposed college students: the role of personality dispositions toward impulsive behavior. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1711-1723. [PMID: 33048640 PMCID: PMC8086839 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1819289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to risky sexual behavior (RSB). However, little is known regarding the role of impulsivity in this relation among college students. Participants: The present study examined the moderating role of impulsivity dispositions on the relation between PTSD symptoms and past-year RSB in a sample of 221 trauma-exposed undergraduate students (77.4% female). Results: Two separate negative binomial regression models examined each impulsivity disposition's unique moderating effect on the association between PTSD symptoms and high risk/casual sex. In the high risk model, significant interactions were found for the urgency dispositions, (lack of) premeditation and (lack of) perseverance, though the pattern of these relations differed across these dispositions. Only positive main effects for negative urgency and (lack of) premeditation emerged in the casual sex model. Conclusions: The present study expands on the limited literature on the role of impulsivity in the relation between PTSD and RSB in trauma-exposed college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Flores
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Corresponding Authors: Jessica Flores, M.S. . Christal L. Badour, Ph.D.
| | - C. Alex Brake
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Caitlyn O. Hood
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christal L. Badour
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Corresponding Authors: Jessica Flores, M.S. . Christal L. Badour, Ph.D.
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12
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Fisher S, Hsu WW, Adams Z, Arsenault C, Milich R. The effect of impulsivity and drinking motives on alcohol outcomes in college students: a 3-year longitudinal analysis. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1624-1633. [PMID: 33048641 PMCID: PMC8232038 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1817033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Substance use is a public health concern and cross-sectional studies have found that impulsivity and drinking motives influence substance use in emerging adults. Despite these findings, longitudinal studies with nuanced measures of impulsivity and drinking motives are needed. Participants: The current study investigated the three-year relationship between impulsivity-related traits, drinking motives, sex, and drinking outcomes in a sample of 509 college students (47.47% male; 81% White). Methods: The effects of impulsivity traits and drinking motives on problematic drinking outcomes were evaluated using linear mixed effects models. Results: The results confirmed the hypothesized relationship between traits of impulsivity, drinking motives, and alcohol outcomes over time. Further, sex significantly interacted with drinking motives longitudinally in its relationship with alcohol use outcomes. Conclusions: These results indicate that intervention efforts may need to be tailored to specific individual attributes to target direct correlates of alcohol use behavior to increase effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sycarah Fisher
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Wei-Wen Hsu
- Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan KS, USA
| | - Zachary Adams
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Chelsea Arsenault
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Richard Milich
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
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13
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Unraveling the Contribution of Serotonergic Polymorphisms, Prefrontal Alpha Asymmetry, and Individual Alpha Peak Frequency to the Emotion-Related Impulsivity Endophenotype. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6062-6075. [PMID: 35854179 PMCID: PMC9463349 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02957-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The unique contribution of the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), intronic region 2 (STin2), and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) genes to individual differences in personality traits has been widely explored, and research has shown that certain forms of these polymorphisms relate to impulsivity and impulsivity-related disorders. Humans showing these traits are also described as having an asymmetrical prefrontal cortical activity when compared to others. In this explorative study, we examine the relationship between serotonergic neurotransmission polymorphisms, cortical activity features (prefrontal alpha asymmetry, individual alpha peak frequency [iAPF]), emotion-related and non-emotion-related impulsivity in humans. 5-HTTLPR, MAO-A, and STin2 polymorphisms were assessed in blood taken from 91 participants with high emotion-related impulsivity levels. Sixty-seven participants completed resting electroencephalography and a more comprehensive impulsivity index. In univariate analyses, iAPF correlated with both forms of emotion-related impulsivity. In multiple linear regression models, 5-HTTLPR polymorphism (model 1, adj. R2 = 15.2%) and iAPF were significant interacting predictors of emotion-related impulsivity, explaining a large share of the results’ variance (model 2, adj. R2 = 21.2%). Carriers of the low transcriptional activity 5-HTTPLR and MAO-A phenotypes obtained higher emotion-related impulsivity scores than others did. No significant results were detected for non-emotion-related impulsivity or for a form of emotion-related impulsivity involving cognitive/motivational reactivity to emotion. Our findings support an endophenotypic approach to impulsivity, showing that tri-allelic 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, iAPF, and their interaction are relevant predictors of one form of emotion-related impulsivity.
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14
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Chen Y, Ide JS, Li CS, Chaudhary S, Le TM, Wang W, Zhornitsky S, Zhang S, Li CR. Gray matter volumetric correlates of dimensional impulsivity traits in children: Sex differences and heritability. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:2634-2652. [PMID: 35212098 PMCID: PMC9057091 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research investigated the cerebral volumetric correlates of impulsivity largely in moderate-sized samples and few have examined the distinct correlates of dimensions of impulsivity, sex differences, or heritability of the correlates. Here, we performed voxel-based morphometry analysis of data (n = 11,474; 5,452 girls, 9-10 years) curated from the Adolescent Brain Cognition Development project. In a linear regression with all five UPPS-P subscores as regressors and age in months, total intracranial volume, study site, and scanner model as covariates, higher levels of lack of premeditation, and sensation seeking were correlated with larger cortical and subcortical gray matter volumes (GMVs). In contrast, higher positive urgency was correlated with smaller GMVs in many of the same regions. The dimensional impulsivity traits also involved distinct volumetric correlates, with, for instance, sensation seeking and positive urgency specifically implicating bilateral caudate head/mid-cingulate cortex and bilateral lateral orbitofrontal cortex/left precentral gyrus, respectively. Boys relative to girls scored higher in all impulsivity dimensions. Girls relative to boys showed significantly stronger positive and negative correlations between sensation seeking and insula, putamen, and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) GMVs and between positive urgency and cingulate cortex, insula, and IFG GMVs, respectively. With a subsample of twins, the dimensional impulsivity traits were weakly to moderately heritable in both girls and boys, and the GMV correlates were highly heritable in girls and boys combined. These findings collectively suggest shared and nonshared as well as sex differences in the cerebral volumetric bases of dimensional impulsivity traits and may facilitate research of externalizing psychopathology in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Jaime S. Ide
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Clara S. Li
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Department of Statistical and Data SciencesSmith CollegeNorthamptonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Shefali Chaudhary
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Thang M. Le
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Chiang‐Shan R. Li
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Inter‐department Neuroscience ProgramYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Wu Tsai InstituteYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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15
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Ciesinski NK, Drabick DAG, McCloskey MS. A latent class analysis of intermittent explosive disorder symptoms. J Affect Disord 2022; 302:367-375. [PMID: 35101522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent explosive disorder (IED), the sole diagnosis in the DSM-5 for which the cardinal symptom is recurrent affective aggressive outbursts, is a common and substantially impairing disorder. IED is also associated with several cognitive and affective impairments. However, little is known about the heterogeneity of the disorder and how this may correspond to aggression severity and related adverse outcomes. The current study employed a latent class analysis (LCA) among individuals diagnosed with lifetime DSM-5 IED to derive distinct subgroups that differed in the quality and/or frequency of cognitive-affective symptoms. These subgroups were then externally validated on a number of adverse outcomes. Statistical and clinical indicators supported a four-class model. Classes were distinguished mainly by the level of emotion dysregulation participants endorsed, with two moderate emotion dysregulation classes differing on their emotional information processing and impulsive tendencies. The external validation analysis revealed that classes differed in terms of various adverse outcomes (e.g., interpersonal problems, life satisfaction, suicide risk). Overall, the present study suggests distinct cognitiveaffective symptom profiles among those with IED that differ meaningfully with regard to risk for adverse outcomes. These findings provide evidence of the heterogeneity within IED and may suggest a more personalized therapeutic approach to patients with IED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Ciesinski
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall Room 551, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, Pennsylvania.
| | - Deborah A G Drabick
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall Room 551, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael S McCloskey
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall Room 551, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, Pennsylvania
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16
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Weiss NH, Schick MR, Contractor AA, Reyes ME, Suazo NC, Sullivan TP. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Alcohol and Drug Misuse Among IPV-Victimized Women: Exploring the Role of Difficulties Regulating Positive Emotions. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:2826-2850. [PMID: 32697115 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520943735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol and drug misuse is prevalent and problematic among women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV). Emotional dysfunction has been identified as a key mechanism in the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of alcohol and drug misuse. However, existing research has not considered the role of race/ethnicity in the relations between emotional dysfunction and alcohol and drug misuse. Furthermore, past research in this area has focused almost exclusively on emotional dysfunction stemming from negative (vs. positive) emotions. The goals of the current study were as follows: (a) to explore whether levels of difficulties regulating positive emotions differ among Latina, African American, and White IPV-victimized women, and (b) to examine the moderating role of race/ethnicity in the relations between difficulties regulating positive emotions and alcohol and drug misuse. Participants were 197 IPV-victimized women recruited through the criminal justice system (Mage = 36.14; 51.8% African American, 31.5% White, and 16.8% Latina). Difficulties regulating positive emotions did not differ as a function of race/ethnicity. However, relations among difficulties regulating positive emotions and alcohol and drug misuse were significant for Latina and White but not African American IPV-victimized women. Moreover, race/ethnicity moderated an association between difficulties regulating positive emotions and drug misuse; this relation was significant and positive for White (compared with African American) IPV-victimized women. While preliminary, these results may inform culturally sensitive interventions for alcohol and drug misuse that are tailored to the unique needs of Latina, African American, and White IPV-victimized women.
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17
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Sánchez-López MT, Fernández-Berrocal P, Gómez-Leal R, Megías-Robles A. Evidence on the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Risk Behavior: A Systematic and Meta-Analytic Review. Front Psychol 2022; 13:810012. [PMID: 35222197 PMCID: PMC8863602 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.810012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to carry out a qualitative and quantitative synthesis of the existing literature studying the relationship between emotional intelligence and risk behavior. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the scientific evidence available relating both constructs. Particular attention was paid to identifying possible differences in this relationship as a function of the different conceptualizations of EI and the risk domain. The study was conducted following the Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. Our results revealed a significant negative relationship between EI and health-related risk behaviors. However, this relationship was not observed in other risk domains such as finance and gambling. The relationship between EI and risk behavior differed according to the risk domain studied, which supports the notion that risk is a domain-specific construct. The results associated with the health-related risk behaviors are consistent with existing literature about the positive impact of emotional abilities on the health domain. A more complete understanding of the emotional mechanisms that underlie risk behavior could help to establish action guidelines and improve programmes to prevent and reduce the negative effects of risk behavior on our society.
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Affiliation(s)
- María T Sánchez-López
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Gómez-Leal
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alberto Megías-Robles
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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18
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Using Virtual Reality to Examine the Association Between Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia and Adolescent Substance Use. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022:10.1007/s10578-021-01308-1. [PMID: 35066713 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Early substance use is associated with long-term negative health outcomes. Emotion regulation (ER) plays an important role in reducing risk, but detecting those vulnerable because of ER deficits is challenging. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a biomarker of ER, may be useful for early identification of substance use risk. To examine this, we enrolled 23 adolescents (Mage = 14.0; 56% minority) with and without a history of substance use and collected RSA during a neutral baseline, virtual reality challenge scene, and neutral recovery. ANOVAs indicated that adolescents who reported having used a substance were not different from non-using peers on baseline or challenge RSA but demonstrated lower RSA during recovery. This suggests that adolescents with a history of substance use exhibit slower return to baseline RSA after experiencing a challenging situation compared to non-using peers. RSA, an index of ER, may be useful in identifying adolescents at risk for early substance use.
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19
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Regan T, Harris B, McCredie M, Fields S. Positive Urgency, Drinking Preoccupation, and Alcohol Problems in College Students. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:841-847. [PMID: 35232323 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2046093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals high in positive urgency (i.e., impulsiveness stemming from high positive mood) may be more preoccupied with alcohol-related cognitions. Our aim was to examine how positive urgency, drinking preoccupation, and consumption patterns concurrently influence the endorsement of alcohol-related problems. METHOD We sampled 756 students enrolled in a large, public U.S. university, who completed a cross-sectional survey online. Their mean age was 19.6 (SD = 1.72), 71.3% identified as female, and participants largely identified as Caucasian (65.5%) and Hispanic/Latinx (22.1%). Self-report measurements of trait positive urgency and drinking preoccupation and retrospective data of alcohol use and alcohol-related problems were collected. A series of linear regressions tested for a hypothesized indirect effect between variables. RESULTS We discovered an indirect effect in the relationship between positive urgency and alcohol-related problems via drinking preoccupation. A significant conditional effect showed that this relationship was influenced by past 30-day alcohol consumption, with the effect gaining strength as consumption days increased. CONCLUSIONS Students with high positive urgency may be more engrossed with alcohol-related drinking cognitions, leading to negative consequences as their alcohol consumption increases. This potential association can inform tailored intervention plans for college student alcohol control, such as successfully managing intense positive moods and alcohol-related cognitions and triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Regan
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Bethany Harris
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Morgan McCredie
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sherecce Fields
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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20
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Purpose in life, urgency, and the propensity to engage in risky and self-destructive behaviors. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-021-09915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Bart CP, Nusslock R, Ng TH, Titone MK, Carroll AL, Damme KS, Young CB, Armstrong CC, Chein J, Alloy LB. Decreased reward-related brain function prospectively predicts increased substance use. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 130:886-898. [PMID: 34843292 PMCID: PMC8634780 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Substance use and addiction are prominent global health concerns and are associated with abnormalities in reward sensitivity. Reward sensitivity and approach motivation are supported by a fronto-striatal neural circuit including the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), ventral striatum (VS), and dorsal striatum (DS). Although research highlights abnormalities in reward neural circuitry among individuals with problematic substance use, questions remain about whether such use arises from excessively high, or excessively low, reward sensitivity. This study examined whether reward-related brain function predicted subsequent substance use course. Participants were 79 right-handed individuals (Mage = 21.52, SD = 2.19 years), who completed a monetary incentive delay (MID) fMRI task, and follow-up measures assessing substance use frequency and impairment. The average duration of the follow-up period was 9.1 months. Regions-of-interest analyses focused on the reward anticipation phase of the MID. Decreased activation in the VS during reward anticipation predicted increased substance use frequency at follow-up. Decreased DS activation during reward anticipation predicted increased substance use frequency at follow-up, but this finding did not pass correction for multiple comparisons. Analyses adjusted for relevant covariates, including baseline substance use and the presence or absence of a lifetime substance use disorder prior to MRI scanning. Results support the reward hyposensitivity theory, suggesting that decreased reward-related brain function is a risk factor for increased substance use. Results have implications for understanding the pathophysiology of problematic substance use and highlight the importance of the fronto-striatal reward circuit in the development and maintenance of addiction. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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22
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Sperry SH, Sharpe BM, Wright AGC. Momentary dynamics of emotion-based impulsivity: Exploring associations with dispositional measures of externalizing and internalizing psychopathology. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 130:815-828. [PMID: 34843288 PMCID: PMC8634794 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Emotion-based impulsivity has emerged as an important transdiagnostic risk factor for both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. However, it is unclear how this dynamic process unfolds within individuals. We measured urgency within-persons as the momentary association between impulsivity and contemporaneous negative and positive affect in 4 ecological momentary assessment samples (N = 233[16,202 observations]; N = 302[11,360]; N = 311[17,517]; N = 291[20,297]) that span clinical, community, and student populations. Based on reflexive responding to emotion (RRE) and urgency frameworks, we hypothesized a) that significant individual differences in the dynamic association between affect and impulsivity would emerge, and b) that individual differences in positive and negative urgency pathways would be associated with externalizing and internalizing psychopathology. Within-person associations between negative affect and impulsivity consistently emerged; however, the association between positive affect and impulsivity was inconsistent across samples. Although average effects were small, significant individual differences existed in both urgency pathways. Consistent with prior studies, within-person urgency pathways were unassociated with global or dispositional measures of impulsivity. Contrary to expectation, within-person urgency was also unassociated with between-person measures of either internalizing or externalizing psychopathology. Yet, robust associations were seen between the same measures and average levels of momentary impulsivity and negative affect. We discuss results in terms of their relevance to both urgency and RRE frameworks and propose future directions to help disentangle emotion-based impulsivity and psychopathology in the moment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Sperry
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Brinkley M Sharpe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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23
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Sullivan D, Barkley-Levenson EE. Risky sexual behavior in young adults: The contribution of impulsivity. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Maisto SA, Simons JS, Palfai TP, Moskal D, Luehring-Jones P. Daily Associations Among Alcohol Intoxication, Partner Familiarity, Participant Effortful Control, Urgency, and PrEP Uptake on Sexual Behavior in Men Who Have Sex with Men. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:2843-2860. [PMID: 33594529 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of alcohol intoxication and its interaction with contextual or situation (partner familiarity) and individual differences variables (effortful control, urgency, and whether taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medication) on sexual behaviors in men who have sex with men (MSM), a subgroup for whom HIV continues to be a major public health problem in the U.S. The participants were 236 men recruited from two northeastern U.S. cities and aged 21-50 years, M = 27.8). These men participated in a 6-week (two 3-week sampling bursts) experience sampling method (ESM) study. The ESM data were collected via use of software installed on the participant's own or study-provided mobile phone. Individual differences variables were measured by participants' completing questionnaires measuring effortful control and urgency, and the participant's self-report of whether he was currently taking PrEP. The ESM data pertained to sexual behavior as well as situation variables of familiarity of relevant sexual partners and number of standard alcohol drinks consumed. The results generally were consistent with hypotheses, as alcohol intoxication showed a curvilinear relation to the occurrence of condomless anal intercourse. Furthermore, the likelihood of occurrence of condomless anal sex increased with increased familiarity of the sexual partner. Similarly, taking PrEP increased the likelihood of occurrence of condomless anal sex. At the same time, alcohol's effects were moderated by all three individual differences variables as expected, but the prediction that partner familiarity would moderate alcohol's effects on the occurrence of condomless sex was not supported. Clinical implications of the findings center on the application of the data to HIV prevention programs toward inclusion of more empirically supported, nuanced information on the relation between acute alcohol intoxication and sexual behavior. Directions for further research address the need for additional testing and refinement of a person × situation approach to alcohol and sexual behavior. Furthermore, it is argued that it is important to refine further the concept of sexual risk in the context of taking PrEP and to conduct more detailed, multivariate studies of the relation between taking PrEP and patterns of sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Maisto
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
| | - Jeffrey S Simons
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Tibor P Palfai
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dezarie Moskal
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Peter Luehring-Jones
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Sharpe BM, Simms LJ, Wright AGC. Impulsivity, Affect, and Stress in Daily Life: Examining a Cascade Model of Urgency. J Pers Disord 2021; 35:494-512. [PMID: 32039650 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2020_34_465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Using multilevel structural equation modeling, the authors examined within- and between-person predictors of daily impulsivity, with a particular focus on testing a cascade model of affect and daily stress in a 100-day daily diary study of 101 psychiatric patients with personality disorder diagnoses. On average (i.e., fixed effect), within-person increases in daily stress were associated with increased daily impulsivity, both independently and as accounted for by positive associations with increased negative and positive affect. Higher Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) Impulsivity scores were associated with amplified within-person links between impulsivity and daily stress and negative affect, but not the links between daily stress and either positive or negative affect. The results of this cascade model are consistent with the hypothesized links between daily affect and stress and daily impulsivity while providing further evidence for the validity of the PID-5 Impulsivity scale and its ability to predict daily impulsivity above and beyond fluctuations in affect and stress.
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26
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Zapolski T, Whitener M, Khazvand S, Crichlow Q, Revilla R, Salgado EF, Aalsma M, Cyders M, Salyers M, Wu W. Implementation of a Brief Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) Skills Group in High Schools for At-Risk Youth: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Study (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 11:e32490. [PMID: 35551054 PMCID: PMC9136647 DOI: 10.2196/32490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescence is a developmental period marked by engagement in risk-taking behaviors, especially among impulsive or emotionally dysregulated youth. Thus, interventions that teach skills to reduce the risk of negative outcomes associated with emotional dysregulation are required. Social and emotional learning (SEL) programs have been developed to address both adolescent emotional dysregulation and risk-taking behaviors; however, current programs have mostly been implemented among younger youth and are used as a tier 1 universal intervention rather than a targeted tier 2 intervention for youth identified with emotional regulation difficulties. Objective This study aimed to address the need for SEL programming that can be delivered in schools, particularly for older youth who have difficulties with emotional or behavioral dysregulation, to reduce the risk of health-risk behaviors among this population. Methods Here, we outline the implementation of an SEL intervention titled Going 4 Goals, a 9-session adaptation of the Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents (DBT-A) program delivered to at-risk high school students in a school setting. The primary objectives of the study are to test whether participating in the skills group intervention produces significant increases in the core DBT-A skills of mindfulness, emotional regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal effectiveness, while also producing significant decreases in substance use and risky behaviors. These primary outcomes are based on changes in participant scores between baseline and after the intervention and follow-ups at 1, 3, and 6 months compared with a control group of youth participating in the school’s health curriculum at the same time points. Qualitative interviews will also be conducted with intervention participants and school staff to examine acceptability and facilitators of and barriers to the intervention. Results A total of 171 participants across 13 groups had been enrolled in the intervention, with data collection ending December 2021. Data analysis will begin in the spring of 2022, with expected results to be published in the spring of 2023. Conclusions This paper describes the protocol of the 9-session school-based adaptation of the DBT-A intervention and discusses the strengths and limitations of the study and future directions. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/32490
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamika Zapolski
- Department of Psychology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - MacKenzie Whitener
- Department of Psychology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Shirin Khazvand
- Department of Psychology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | | | - Eduardo F Salgado
- Department of Psychology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Matthew Aalsma
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Melissa Cyders
- Department of Psychology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Michelle Salyers
- Department of Psychology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Psychology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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27
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Billieux J, Heeren A, Rochat L, Maurage P, Bayard S, Bet R, Besche-Richard C, Challet-Bouju G, Carré A, Devos G, Flayelle M, Gierski F, Grall-Bronnec M, Kern L, Khazaal Y, Lançon C, Lannoy S, Michael GA, Raffard S, Romo L, Van der Linden M, Wéry A, Canale N, King DL, Schimmenti A, Baggio S. Positive and negative urgency as a single coherent construct: Evidence from a large-scale network analysis in clinical and non-clinical samples. J Pers 2021; 89:1252-1262. [PMID: 34114654 PMCID: PMC9292904 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aims Negative and positive urgency are emotion‐related impulsivity traits that are thought to be transdiagnostic factors in psychopathology. However, it has recently been claimed that these two traits are closely related to each other and that considering them separately might have limited conceptual and methodological value. The present study aimed to examine whether positive and negative urgency constructs constitute separate impulsivity traits. Methods In contrast to previous studies that have used latent variable approaches, this study employed an item‐based network analysis conducted in two different samples: a large sample of non‐clinical participants (N = 18,568) and a sample of clinical participants with psychiatric disorders (N = 385). Results The network analysis demonstrated that items denoting both positive and negative urgency cohere as a single cluster of items termed “general urgency” in both clinical and non‐clinical samples, thereby suggesting that differentiating positive and negative urgency as separate constructs is not necessary. Conclusion These findings have important implications for the conceptualization and assessment of urgency and, more broadly, for future research on impulsivity, personality, and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Heeren
- Psychological Science Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Lucien Rochat
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Psychological Science Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sophie Bayard
- Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPSYLON EA 4556, Montpellier, France
| | - Romain Bet
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Chrystel Besche-Richard
- Cognition, Health, Society Laboratory (C2S), Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Gaëlle Challet-Bouju
- Addictology and Psychiatry Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, INSERM, SPHERE U1246 "methodS in Patient-centered outcomes and HEalth ResEarch", Nantes, France
| | - Arnaud Carré
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Chambéry, France
| | - Gaëtan Devos
- Psychological Science Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Scientific Research and Publication Cell (CRPS), Namur, Belgium
| | - Maèva Flayelle
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Gierski
- Cognition, Health, Society Laboratory (C2S), Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Marie Grall-Bronnec
- Addictology and Psychiatry Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, INSERM, SPHERE U1246 "methodS in Patient-centered outcomes and HEalth ResEarch", Nantes, France
| | - Laurence Kern
- Laboratoire EA 2931, LINP2A, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France.,Laboratoire EA 4430 CLIPSYD, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Yasser Khazaal
- Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Research Center, Montreal University Institute of Mental Health, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christophe Lançon
- Department of Psychiatry, Addictology and Child Psychiatry, La Conception University Hospital, Public Assistance Marseille Hospitals, Marseille, France
| | - Séverine Lannoy
- Psychological Science Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - George A Michael
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Raffard
- Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPSYLON EA 4556, Montpellier, France.,University Department of Adult Psychiatry, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucia Romo
- Laboratoire EA 4430 CLIPSYD, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Martial Van der Linden
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aline Wéry
- Psychological Science Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Natale Canale
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniel L King
- College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE-Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Baggio
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Office of Corrections, Department of Justice and Home Affairs of the Canton of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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28
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Fournier LF, McDonald JB, Clayson PE, Verona E. Psychopathic traits, inhibition, and positive and negative emotion: Results from an emotional Go/No-Go task. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13815. [PMID: 33768574 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Difficulty stopping unwanted or inappropriate actions (i.e., inhibitory control) is implicated in antisocial behaviors, which are common in people high in psychopathic traits. Recent research indicates that, for those with antisocial personality, inhibitory control is impaired under negative emotional contexts; however, it is unclear whether this impairment extends to persons with psychopathic traits and to impairments under positive emotional contexts. Identifying some of these distinctions can point to therapeutics that target negative emotion specifically or emotion dysregulation broadly. We sought to identify unique relationships between distinct facets of psychopathy and inhibitory control in the context of positive, negative, and neutral stimuli. Using a community sample (N = 117), event-related potentials were recorded during an emotional-linguistic Go/No-Go task. Results indicated distinct cognition-emotion relationships for each psychopathy facet. Higher interpersonal facet scores related to reciprocal interference between cognition and emotion. Higher callous affect facet scores related to reduced inhibitory and emotional processing, except when stimuli were most engaging (emotional No-Go trials). Higher erratic lifestyle facet scores related to increased effort required to process both emotion and inhibition cues. Finally, higher antisocial facet scores related to poorer behavioral inhibition overall. This research challenges the theoretical accounts of psychopathy focused on specific deficits in negative emotion, such as fearlessness, while offering some support for theories related to attentional dysfunction. Results also highlight the importance of facet-level theorizing, as results varied by facet. This study may inform efforts to reduce disinhibited behaviors, particularly in emotional contexts, among those high in certain psychopathic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren F Fournier
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Julia B McDonald
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Peter E Clayson
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Edelyn Verona
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Chan HC(O. Risky Sexual Behavior of Young Adults in Hong Kong: An Exploratory Study of Psychosocial Risk Factors. Front Psychol 2021; 12:658179. [PMID: 33828516 PMCID: PMC8019819 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.658179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited knowledge of the prevalence and nature of risky sexual behavior (RSB) among young adults in Hong Kong. This cross-sectional study explored the psychosocial risk factors of RSB with a sample of 1,171 Hong Kong university students (aged 18-40 years). Grounded in the theoretical propositions of several criminological theories (i.e., the theories of self-control, general strain, social learning, social control, and routine activity), engagement in three types of RSB (i.e., general, penetrative, and non-penetrative) was studied alongside a range of psychosocial risk factors. Relative to female participants, male participants reported significantly higher mean levels of general, penetrative, and non-penetrative RSB. Male participants also reported significantly higher mean levels of negative temperament, use of alcohol and other drugs, and paraphilic interests than female participants, who reported significantly higher mean levels of self-control and social bonds than their male counterparts. The results of multivariate analyses (i.e., OLS regressions) revealed that, to a large extent, the male and female participants shared a similar set of psychosocial risk factors (i.e., use of alcohol and other drugs, and paraphilic interest) for their involvement in general, penetrative, and non-penetrative RSB. Furthermore, a high level of negative temperament was significantly associated with penetrative RSB for both genders, while a high level of perceived neighborhood disorganization was found to be an important factor in the participation of females in general, penetrative, and non-penetrative RSB. The findings of this study may have important implications for practice in regard to reducing, if not entirely preventing, the tendency to engage in RSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Choon (Oliver) Chan
- Teaching Laboratory for Forensics and Criminology, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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30
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Allen KJD, Johnson SL, Burke TA, Sammon MM, Wu C, Kramer MA, Wu J, Schatten HT, Armey MF, Hooley JM. Validation of an emotional stop-signal task to probe individual differences in emotional response inhibition: Relationships with positive and negative urgency. Brain Neurosci Adv 2021; 5:23982128211058269. [PMID: 34841088 PMCID: PMC8619735 DOI: 10.1177/23982128211058269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Performance on an emotional stop-signal task designed to assess emotional response inhibition has been associated with Negative Urgency and psychopathology, particularly self-injurious behaviors. Indeed, difficulty inhibiting prepotent negative responses to aversive stimuli on the emotional stop-signal task (i.e. poor negative emotional response inhibition) partially explains the association between Negative Urgency and non-suicidal self-injury. Here, we combine existing data sets from clinical (hospitalised psychiatric inpatients) and non-clinical (community/student participants) samples aged 18-65 years (N = 450) to examine the psychometric properties of this behavioural task and evaluate hypotheses that emotional stop-signal task metrics relate to distinct impulsive traits among participants who also completed the UPPS-P (n = 223). We specifically predicted associations between worse negative emotional response inhibition (i.e. commission errors during stop-signal trials representing negative reactions to unpleasant images) and Negative Urgency, whereas commission errors to positive stimuli - reflecting worse positive emotional response inhibition - would relate to Positive Urgency. Results support the emotional stop-signal task's convergent and discriminant validity: as hypothesised, poor negative emotional response inhibition was specifically associated with Negative Urgency and no other impulsive traits on the UPPS-P. However, we did not find the hypothesised association between positive emotional response inhibition and Positive Urgency. Correlations between emotional stop-signal task performance and self-report measures were the modest, similar to other behavioural tasks. Participants who completed the emotional stop-signal task twice (n = 61) additionally provide preliminary evidence for test-retest reliability. Together, findings suggest adequate reliability and validity of the emotional stop-signal task to derive candidate behavioural markers of neurocognitive functioning associated with Negative Urgency and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J D Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Oberlin College and Conservatory, Oberlin, OH, USA
| | - Sheri L Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Taylor A Burke
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M McLean Sammon
- Department of Psychology, Oberlin College and Conservatory, Oberlin, OH, USA
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christina Wu
- Department of Psychology, Oberlin College and Conservatory, Oberlin, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Max A Kramer
- Department of Psychology, Oberlin College and Conservatory, Oberlin, OH, USA
- Division of the Social Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jinhan Wu
- Department of Psychology, Oberlin College and Conservatory, Oberlin, OH, USA
| | - Heather T Schatten
- Psychosocial Research Program, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael F Armey
- Psychosocial Research Program, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jill M Hooley
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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31
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Minhas M, Murphy CM, Balodis IM, Acuff SF, Buscemi J, Murphy JG, MacKillop J. Multidimensional elements of impulsivity as shared and unique risk factors for food addiction and alcohol misuse. Appetite 2020; 159:105052. [PMID: 33309712 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Food addiction (FA) and alcohol misuse tend to co-occur, which suggests shared factors in the etiology and persistence of these health behaviors. One shared factor that has been linked to both is impulsivity, a multidimensional construct reflecting multiple facets of self-regulatory capacity. However, co-occurrence also raises issues of possible confounding if both domains are not considered concurrently, and the intersection between FA, alcohol misuse, and impulsivity has not been well characterized empirically. Therefore, the current study examined the intersection of FA, alcohol consequences, and multiple indicators of impulsivity. Participants were emerging adults reporting regular heavy episodic drinking recruited from Hamilton, Ontario (N = 730; ages 19.5-23). Participants completed measures of FA, alcohol problems, impulsive personality traits (i.e., Barratt Impulsiveness Scales, UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scales), impulsive choice (i.e., delay discounting), impulsive action (i.e., Go/NoGo task). Findings revealed a significant association between FA and alcohol-related consequences and both shared similar associations with specific impulsive personality traits (Positive and Negative Urgency, Lack of Premeditation, Motor and Attentional Impulsivity). However, alcohol-related consequences were uniquely associated with other impulsive personality traits (Lack of Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Non-planning impulsivity) and impulsive choice, and FA was uniquely associated with impulsive action. Beyond alcohol-related consequences, FA was associated with additional variance in measures of impulsive personality traits (Positive and Negative Urgency, Lack of Premeditation, Motor Impulsivity, and Attentional Impulsivity) and impulsive action, but not impulsive choice. Overall, the current study reveals several common self-regulatory processes associated with both adverse drinking consequences and FA, and that the risk of inadvertent confounding appears to be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Minhas
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Cara M Murphy
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Iris M Balodis
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Samuel F Acuff
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Joanna Buscemi
- Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James G Murphy
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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32
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Oshri A, Carlson MW, Duprey EB, Liu S, Huffman LG, Kogan SM. Child Abuse and Neglect, Callous-Unemotional Traits, and Substance Use Problems: the Moderating Role of Stress Response Reactivity. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2020; 13:389-398. [PMID: 33269039 PMCID: PMC7683688 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-019-00291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Young adults who experienced child abuse and neglect (CAN) are at significant risk for callous-unemotional traits and substance use problems. Research shows that compromised self-regulation may increase risk for these maladaptive outcomes. In the present cross-sectional study, we examined the moderating role of self-regulation, indexed by heart rate variability reactivity, in the indirect link between CAN and alcohol and other drug use problems via callous-unemotional traits. We utilized a sample of mostly female undergraduate students (N = 130, 81% Female; M age = 20.72). We hypothesized that (a) CAN and alcohol or other drug use problems would be associated indirectly via elevations in callous-unemotional traits, and (b) that this indirect association would be exacerbated by elevated heart rate variability reactivity. Results indicated that increased callous-unemotional traits underlain in the link between CAN and alcohol or other drug use problems. Further, this indirect link was exacerbated among youth with elevated heart rate variability reactivity. These findings have significant implications for prevention by demonstrating that physiological self-regulation is important to target in substance use prevention among collegiate samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Oshri
- Youth Development Institute, Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, 105 Foster Rd, Pound Hall 208, Athens, GA 30606 USA
- The Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Graduate Program at the University of Georgia, Tucker Hall Rm. 422, 310 E Campus Rd., Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Mathew William Carlson
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Center on Children, Families, and the Law, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Erinn Bernstein Duprey
- Youth Development Institute, Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, 105 Foster Rd, Pound Hall 208, Athens, GA 30606 USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Sihong Liu
- Youth Development Institute, Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, 105 Foster Rd, Pound Hall 208, Athens, GA 30606 USA
| | - Landry Goodgame Huffman
- Youth Development Institute, Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, 105 Foster Rd, Pound Hall 208, Athens, GA 30606 USA
- The Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Graduate Program at the University of Georgia, Tucker Hall Rm. 422, 310 E Campus Rd., Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Steven M. Kogan
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, 1095 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602 USA
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Ferrer RA, Taber JM, Sheeran P, Bryan AD, Cameron LD, Peters E, Lerner JS, Grenen E, Klein WMP. The role of incidental affective states in appetitive risk behavior: A meta-analysis. Health Psychol 2020; 39:1109-1124. [PMID: 32940529 PMCID: PMC8406737 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Appetitive risk behaviors (ARB), including tobacco use, alcohol consumption, consumption of calorie dense/nutrient-poor foods, and sexual risk behavior contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality. Affective states that arise from a wide array of unrelated circumstances (i.e., incidental affect) may carry over to influence ARB. A meta-analysis is needed to systematically examine causal evidence for the role of incidental affect (including specific emotions) in influencing ARB. Method: Integrating effect sizes from 91 published and unpublished experimental studies that include both an incidental-affect induction and neutral-control condition (k = 271 effect sizes: k = 183 negative affect, k = 78 positive affect), this meta-analysis examines how negative and positive affective states influenced ARB and related health cognitions (e.g., intentions, evaluations, craving, perceived control). Results: Negative affective states reliably increased ARB, in analyses where all negative affective states were analyzed (d = .29) and in stratified analyses of just negative mood (d = .30) and stress (d = .48). These effects were stronger among study populations coded as clinically at risk. Positive affective states generally did not influence ARB or related health cognitions, except in the presence of a craving cue. Design issues of extant literature largely precluded conclusions about the effects of specific positive and negative affective states. Conclusion: Taken together, findings suggest the importance of strategies to attenuate negative affect incidental to ARB to facilitate healthier behavioral patterns, especially among clinically at-risk individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Ferrer
- Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, National Cancer Institute
| | | | - Paschal Sheeran
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | | | | | - Ellen Peters
- Center for Science Communication Research, University of Oregon
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34
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Anderson KR, Palfai TP, Maisto SA, Simons JS. Drinking motives mediate the associations between urgency and hazardous/harmful alcohol use among moderate-to-heavy drinking men who have sex with men (MSM). Addict Behav 2020; 110:106520. [PMID: 32622024 PMCID: PMC8565053 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Urgency, the tendency to act rashly under extreme emotions, has been associated with higher rates of hazardous/harmful drinking. Moreover, previous work suggests that the association between urgency and hazardous/harmful drinking may be mediated by drinking motives. The current study sought to replicate and extend this research to men who have sex with men (MSM), a population that has shown increased alcohol-related health risk behavior. METHODS Two-hundred-and-fifty-six moderate-to-heavy drinking MSM completed questionnaires assessing urgency, drinking motives, and hazardous/harmful drinking. Regression models were conducted to examine the direct effect of Urgency on heavy episodic drinking and alcohol-related consequences and its indirect effects on these outcomes through drinking motives. RESULTS Urgency was significantly associated with heavy episodic drinking and alcohol-related consequences. Bootstrapping procedures indicated significant indirect effects through coping and enhancement motives for both outcomes and also conformity for consequences. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate urgency may be an important risk factor for hazardous/harmful drinking among adult MSM that may operate in part through its effects on coping and enhancement motives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R Anderson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tibor P Palfai
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Stephen A Maisto
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Simons
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
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35
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Freeman C, Dirks M, Weinberg A. Neural response to rewards predicts risk-taking in late but not early adolescent females. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 45:100808. [PMID: 32658759 PMCID: PMC7358180 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk-taking peaks in adolescence and reflects, in part, hyperactivity of the brain's reward system. However, it has not been established whether the association between reward-related brain activity and risk-taking varies across adolescence. The present study investigated how neural reward sensitivity is associated with laboratory risk-taking in a sample of female adolescents as a function of age. Sixty-three female adolescents ages 10-19 completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, a laboratory measure of risk-taking behavior, as well as a forced choice monetary gambling task while an electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. This gambling task elicits the reward positivity (RewP), a frontocentral event-related potential component that is sensitive to feedback signaling reward. We observed a negative quadratic association between age and risk-taking, such that those in early and late adolescence had lower relative risk-taking compared to mid-adolescence, with risk-taking peaking at around 15 years of age. In predicting risk-taking, we observed an interaction between age and RewP, such that reward-related brain activity was not associated with risk-taking in early adolescence but was associated with a greater propensity for risk in later adolescence. These findings suggest that for females, neural response to rewards is an important factor in predicting risk-taking only in later adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Freeman
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College, Montreal QC H3A, Canada.
| | - Melanie Dirks
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College, Montreal QC H3A, Canada.
| | - Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College, Montreal QC H3A, Canada.
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36
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Russell K, Arthur S, Goulet C, Selci E, Morrongiello B. Understanding youths' attitudes and practices regarding listening to music, video recording and terrain park use while skiing and snowboarding. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:389. [PMID: 32814547 PMCID: PMC7437043 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skiing and snowboarding are popular activities among Canadian youth and these sports have evolved to include certain risk behaviours such as listening to music, using terrain parks, and video recording yourself or others. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of these risk behaviours and identify factors that are associated with the risk behaviours. METHODS Using focus group methodology, a questionnaire was developed to capture aspects of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. A cross-sectional study was conducted where the questionnaire was administered to youth aged 13-18 during two winter seasons at two ski hills in Manitoba, Canada. RESULTS The sample was comprised of 735 youth (mean age 14.9; 82.1% male, 83.6% snowboarding). The most common behavior was using the TP (83.1%), followed by listening to music that day (36.9%), and video recording that day (34.5%). Youth had significantly higher odds of listening to music that day if they planned to next time (OR 19.13; 95% CI: 10.62, 34.44), were skiing or snowboarding alone (OR 2.33; 95% CI: 1.10, 4.95), or thought listening to music makes skiing or snowboarding more exciting or fun or makes them feel more confident (OR 2.30; 95% CI: 1.31, 4.05). They were less likely to if they believed that music made it more difficult to hear or talk to others (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.65). Youth had significantly higher odds of using the terrain park if they believed that terrain parks were cool, challenging, or fun (OR: 5.84; 95% CI: 2.85, 11.96) or if their siblings used terrain parks (OR: 4.94; OR: 2.84, 9.85). Those who believed that terrain parks were too busy or crowded (OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.62) were less likely to use them. Youth had significantly higher odds of video recording that day if they reported that they plan to video record next time (OR: 8.09, 95% CI: 4.67, 14.01) or if they were skiing or snowboarding with friends (OR: 3.65, 95% CI: 1.45, 9.18). Youth had significantly higher odds of video recording that day if they agreed that recording makes them try harder and improved their tricks (OR: 3.34, 95% CI: 1.38, 8.08) compared to those who neither agreed nor disagreed. Youth were less likely to record themselves that day if their friends did not do so (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.80). CONCLUSION Common predictors of engaging in risk behaviours suggest that injury prevention programs may not have to be specific to each behaviour. Some strategies for injury prevention are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Russell
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Science, CE-208 Children's Hospital, 840 Sherbrook Street, Health Sciences Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1S1, Canada. .,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Centre, 513-715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada.
| | - Stephanie Arthur
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Science, CE-208 Children's Hospital, 840 Sherbrook Street, Health Sciences Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1S1, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Centre, 513-715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Claude Goulet
- Department of Physical Education, Laval University, Pavillion des Sciences de l'education, 2320, rue des Bibiotheques, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Erin Selci
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Science, CE-208 Children's Hospital, 840 Sherbrook Street, Health Sciences Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1S1, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Centre, 513-715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Barbara Morrongiello
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Linhartová P, Látalová A, Barteček R, Širůček J, Theiner P, Ejova A, Hlavatá P, Kóša B, Jeřábková B, Bareš M, Kašpárek T. Impulsivity in patients with borderline personality disorder: a comprehensive profile compared with healthy people and patients with ADHD. Psychol Med 2020; 50:1829-1838. [PMID: 31439062 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719001892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity is a core symptom of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Impulsivity is a heterogeneous concept, and a comprehensive evaluation of impulsivity dimensions is lacking in the literature. Moreover, it is unclear whether BPD patients manifest impaired cognitive functioning that might be associated with impulsivity in another patient group, such as ADHD, a frequent comorbidity of BPD. METHODS We tested 39 patients with BPD without major psychiatric comorbidities and ADHD, 25 patients with ADHD, and 55 healthy controls (HC) using a test battery consisting of a self-report measure of impulsivity (UPPS-P questionnaire), behavioral measures of impulsivity - impulsive action (Go/NoGo task, stop signal task) and impulsive choice (delay discounting task, Iowa gambling task), and standardized measures of attention (d2 test), working memory (digit span), and executive functioning (Tower of London). RESULTS Patients with BPD and ADHD, as compared with HC, manifested increased self-reported impulsivity except sensation seeking and increased impulsive choice; patients with ADHD but not BPD showed increased impulsive action and deficits in cognitive functioning. Negative urgency was increased in BPD as compared to both HC and ADHD groups and correlated with BPD severity. CONCLUSIONS Patients with BPD without ADHD comorbidity had increased self-reported impulsivity and impulsive choice, but intact impulsive action and cognitive functioning. Controlling for ADHD comorbidity in BPD samples is necessary. Negative urgency is the most diagnostically specific impulsivity dimension in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Linhartová
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Látalová
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Barteček
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Širůček
- Faculty of Social Studies, Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Theiner
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anastasia Ejova
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pavlína Hlavatá
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Kóša
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Jeřábková
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bareš
- First Department of Neurology, St. Anne's Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Morrongiello BA, Weinberger E, Seasons M. Sustained Reductions in Children's Risk Taking from Peer-Communicated Behavioral Safety Norms. J Pediatr Psychol 2020; 45:622-632. [PMID: 32403122 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research examined whether the positive effects of a peer-communicated social norm that reduces risk-taking behaviors persist over time and if a reminder of this peer-communicated safety message has any impact on this outcome. METHODS Positive mood in 7- to 9-year olds was induced experimentally and risk taking intentions and behaviors were measured when the child was in a positive and neutral mood state and after they had been exposed to either a safety or neutral peer-communicated social norm message. A few weeks later, half of the participants who experienced the safety social norm message were exposed to a reminder of this message via a slogan and risk-taking measures were taken again when in a heightened positive mood state. RESULTS Exposure to a safety norm successfully counteracted the increase in risk taking associated with a positive mood state. These effects persisted for several weeks regardless of whether the children were exposed to a reminder. CONCLUSION Manipulating peer social norms holds promise as an approach to produce reductions in children's risk taking and these effects persist at least over several weeks.
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Hahn AM, Simons RM, Simons JS, Welker LE. A model of reinforcement sensitivity, impulsivity, alcohol use, and risky sexual behavior in a sample of young adult drinkers. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2020; 28:328-336. [PMID: 31556678 PMCID: PMC7096258 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study tested a structural equation model linking reinforcement sensitivity to subsequent emotion-based impulsivity (i.e., positive and negative urgency), alcohol use, and risky sexual behavior among a sample of 753 undergraduate drinkers. A hypothesized Sensitivity to Punishment (SP) × Sensitivity to Reward (SR) interaction significantly predicted both positive and negative urgency. At low levels of SR, SP had a significant negative effect on positive urgency and a significant positive effect on negative urgency. However, at high levels of SR, SP had significant positive effects on both types of urgency. Results indicated that positive and negative urgency mediate the associations between reinforcement sensitivity and both alcohol use and risky sexual behavior. Moreover, results demonstrated that at low levels of SR, SP is indirectly associated with decreased alcohol use. However, as SR increases, SP is indirectly associated with increased alcohol use and risky sexual behavior, due to the joint effect of high SP and SR on emotion-based impulsivity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M. Hahn
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina
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Samiefard M, Fadardi JS, Kareshki H, Stacy AW. A Discussion on "Examination of a Short English Version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale" [Addict Behav. (2014), doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.02.013]. Addict Behav 2020; 104:106287. [PMID: 32028097 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Samiefard
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Javad Salehi Fadardi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran; School of Psychology, Bangor University, UK.
| | - Hossein Kareshki
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Alan W Stacy
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, USA.
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A brief report on dysregulation of positive emotions and impulsivity: Their roles in gambling disorder. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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42
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Teti Mayer J, Chopard G, Nicolier M, Gabriel D, Masse C, Giustiniani J, Vandel P, Haffen E, Bennabi D. Can transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improve impulsivity in healthy and psychiatric adult populations? A systematic review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 98:109814. [PMID: 31715284 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity is a multidimensional phenomenon that remains hard to define. It compounds the core pathological construct of many neuropsychiatric illnesses, and despite its close relation to suicide risk, it currently has no specific treatment. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique whose application results in cognitive function improvement, both in healthy and psychiatric populations. Following PRISMA recommendations, a systematic review of the literature concerning tDCS's effects on impulsive behaviour was performed using the PubMed database. The research was based on the combination of the keyword 'tDCS' with 'impulsivity', 'response inhibition', 'risk-taking', 'planning', 'delay discounting' or 'craving'. The initial search yielded 309 articles, 92 of which were included. Seventy-four papers demonstrated improvement in task performance related to impulsivity in both healthy and clinical adult populations. However, results were often inconsistent. The conditions associated with improvement, such as tDCS parameters and other aspects that may influence tDCS's outcomes, are discussed. The overall effects of tDCS on impulsivity are promising. Yet further research is required to develop a more comprehensive understanding of impulsivity, allowing for a more accurate assessment of its behavioural outcomes as well as a definition of tDCS therapeutic protocols for impulsive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Teti Mayer
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Gilles Chopard
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besançon, France; Centre Mémoire Ressources et Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Magali Nicolier
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Damien Gabriel
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Caroline Masse
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Julie Giustiniani
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Pierre Vandel
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besançon, France; Centre Mémoire Ressources et Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besançon, France; Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Djamila Bennabi
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besançon, France; Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
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Johnson SL, Elliott MV, Carver CS. Impulsive Responses to Positive and Negative Emotions: Parallel Neurocognitive Correlates and Their Implications. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:338-349. [PMID: 31668478 PMCID: PMC7012660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Theory about the conceptual basis of psychiatric disorders has long emphasized negative emotionality. More recent ideas emphasize roles for positive emotionality and impulsivity as well. This review examines impulsive responses to positive and negative emotions, which have been labeled as urgency. Urgency is conceptually and empirically distinct from other forms of impulsivity. A large body of work indicates that urgency is more robustly related to psychopathology than are other forms of impulsivity. Researchers have considered 4 neurocognitive models of urgency: excessive emotion generation, poor emotion regulation, risky decision making, and poor cognitive control. Little evidence supports emotion generation or risky decision making as the core issues driving urgency. Rather, urgency appears related to dysfunction in key hubs implicated in the integration of cognitive control and emotion regulation (e.g., the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior insula), expressed as response inhibition deficits that emerge most robustly in high arousal contexts. These neurocognitive processes appear remarkably parallel for positive and negative urgency. We provide methodological suggestions and theoretical hypotheses to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri L Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California.
| | - Matthew V Elliott
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Charles S Carver
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
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Abstract
An important advance in understanding and defining mental disorders has been the development of empirical approaches to mapping dimensions of dysfunction and their interrelatedness. Such empirical approaches have consistently observed intercorrelations among the many forms of psychopathology, leading to the identification of a general factor of psychopathology (the p factor). In this article, we review empirical support for p, including evidence for the stability and criterion validity of p. Further, we discuss the strong relationship between p and both the general factor of personality and the general factor of personality disorder, substantive interpretations of p, and the potential clinical utility of p. We posit that proposed substantive interpretations of p do not explain the full range of symptomatology typically included in p. The most plausible explanation is that p represents an index of impairment that has the potential to inform the duration and intensity of a client's mental health treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA; , , , ,
| | - Emily A Atkinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA; , , , ,
| | - Heather A Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA; , , , ,
| | - Elizabeth N Riley
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA; , , , ,
| | - Joshua R Oltmanns
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA; , , , ,
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Longo LM, Ertl MM, Pazienza R, Agiliga AU, Dillon FR, Martin JL. Associations among Negative Urgency, Sensation Seeking, Alcohol Use, Self-Esteem, and Casual Sexual Behavior for College Students. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:796-805. [PMID: 31876218 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1703748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: The present study proposed a moderated mediation model of relations among negative urgency, sensation seeking, alcohol use, self-esteem, and casual sexual behavior among college students. We hypothesized students' alcohol use would mediate a positive relation between two facets of impulsivity, negative urgency and sensation seeking, with casual sexual behavior. We also examined the influence of self-esteem on alcohol use and casual sexual behavior to determine if self-esteem may serve as a point of intervention. We hypothesized that self-esteem might moderate the relation between casual sexual behavior and alcohol use, such that students who report high alcohol use in addition to low self-esteem would engage in more casual sexual behavior than individuals who report relatively higher levels of self-esteem. Methods: Data were collected in 2015 from 413 undergraduate students at a large Northeastern public university. Structural equation modeling tested the moderated mediation model. Results: Contrary to hypotheses, the theorized model demonstrated an inadequate fit to the data when self-esteem was included. A second structural model was calculated to test alcohol use as a mediator of associations between negative urgency and sensation seeking, and casual sexual behavior. As hypothesized, students' alcohol use was found to be a mediator of the positive associations between negative urgency and casual sexual behavior and sensation seeking and casual sexual behavior. Conclusions: Findings suggest that alcohol use, negative urgency, and sensation seeking may serve as points of intervention to address casual sexual behavior, as appropriate, among college student populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Longo
- Center for Behavioral Health Promotion and Applied Research, Health and Counseling Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Melissa M Ertl
- Center for Behavioral Health Promotion and Applied Research, Health and Counseling Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Rena Pazienza
- Center for Behavioral Health Promotion and Applied Research, Health and Counseling Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Alexandra U Agiliga
- Center for Behavioral Health Promotion and Applied Research, Health and Counseling Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Frank R Dillon
- Department of Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jessica L Martin
- Center for Behavioral Health Promotion and Applied Research, Health and Counseling Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
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Wang Y, Long J, Liu Y, Liu T, Billieux J. Psychometric Properties of the Chinese SUPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale: Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance Across Gender and Age. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:529949. [PMID: 33329077 PMCID: PMC7710909 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.529949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Impulsivity is widely recognized as a risk factor for a variety of mental disorders and problematic behaviors. The Short UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (SUPPS-P) is an extensively used instrument to measure impulsivity in research and clinical settings. The current study primarily aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the SUPPS-P (C-SUPPS-P) among Chinese adolescents and emerging adults, and then to test its measurement invariance across gender and age. Methods: Data were collected from three vocational high schools and six colleges in Changsha, China. A total of 2,551 participants (20.1% male and 22.6% adolescents) completed the C-SUPPS-P and scales assessing addictive and problematic smartphone use, as well as emotional symptoms (anxiety, stress, depression). Four alternative models were examined and compared by using confirmatory factor analysis to determine the best factor structure of the C-SUPPS-P. Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were used to test measurement invariance across gender and age. Results: A theory-driven five-factor structure consistent with the original scale was identified. All of the subscales had good internal consistency. The correlations observed with the other scales supported the construct validity of the C-SUPPS-P. Full measurement invariance was established across gender and age, and significant gender and age differences according to impulsivity facets were identified. Conclusions: The C-SUPPS-P presents a consistent factor structure, as well as reliability and validity that are equivalent to those of the original scale. The full measurement invariance shown across gender and age allows for intergroup comparisons. Overall, the C-SUPPS-P is a promising instrument to measure various impulsivity traits in Chinese adolescents and emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang Long
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Science Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yueheng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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48
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Schizotypy and Risk-Taking Behaviour: the Contribution of Urgency. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-019-09769-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cavicchioli M, Movalli M, Vassena G, Ramella P, Prudenziati F, Maffei C. The therapeutic role of emotion regulation and coping strategies during a stand-alone DBT Skills training program for alcohol use disorder and concurrent substance use disorders. Addict Behav 2019; 98:106035. [PMID: 31302312 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials on Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training (DBT-ST) as a stand-alone intervention for alcohol use disorder (AUD) showed promising outcomes. Improvements in difficulties with emotion regulation (DER) played a mediating role on abstinence maintenance. However, the effect of DER, together with specific coping strategies, have not been considered yet in the treatment of clinical features associated to AUD and concurrent substance use disorders (CO-SUDs). The current study aims at investigating changes in the number of consecutive days of abstinence (CDA), severity of AUD and CO-SUDs (Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire; SPQ alcohol, prescription, illicit drugs subscale), DER (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; DERS) and coping strategies (DBT Way of Coping Checklist; DBT-WCCL) during a 3-month DBT-ST program for the treatment of AUD and CO-SUDs. Furthermore, four independent multiple parallel mediational models were estimated considering scores of CDA/SPQ, DERS and DBT-WCCL dimensions as dependent, independent and mediators variables respectively. One-hundred eight individuals with a primary diagnosis of AUD were consecutively admitted. The results showed significant and moderate to large improvements in CDA, severity of AUD, CO-SUDs and DER. The analyses detected significant improvements in the use of DBT Skills. The changes in DER predicted decreases in SPQ scores. The changes in DBT-WCCL scores were mediators of the previous relationships, considering SPQ alcohol and prescription drugs subscales. These findings support the implementation of DBT-ST as a stand-alone intervention for the treatment of AUD and CO-SUDs. DER together with coping strategies are relevant therapeutic mechanisms in the treatment of clinical features related to SUDs.
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Barkley-Levenson E, Xue F, Droutman V, Miller LC, Smith BJ, Jeong D, Lu ZL, Bechara A, Read SJ. Prefrontal Cortical Activity During the Stroop Task: New Insights into the Why and the Who of Real-World Risky Sexual Behavior. Ann Behav Med 2019; 52:367-379. [PMID: 29684132 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kax019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research suggests that deficits in both executive functioning and trait impulsivity may play a role in risky sexual behavior. At the neural level, differences in regulation of the prefrontal cortex have been linked to impulsivity, measured neurocognitively and through self-report. The relationship between neurocognitive measures of executive control and trait impulsivity in predicting risky sexual behavior has not been investigated. Purpose To investigate the relationship between neural functioning during the Stroop task and risky sexual behavior, as well as the effect of individual differences in urgent (positive and negative) impulsivity on this relationship. Methods A total of 105 sexually active men who have sex with men completed the Stroop task during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. They also completed impulsivity inventories and self-reported their risky sexual behavior (events of condomless anal sex in the last 90 days). Results Risky participants had greater activation than safe participants during the color congruent condition of the Stroop task in anterior cingulate cortex/dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left frontal pole, and right insula. Across these regions, this neural activation mediated the link between (positive and/or negative) urgent impulsivity and risky sexual behavior. Conclusions Findings suggest that the brains of men who engage in risky sexual behavior may employ a different distribution of cognitive resources during tasks of executive functioning than men who practice safe sex, and that this may relate to differences in the prefrontal cortical/fronto-insular system responsible for impulse control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Barkley-Levenson
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Vita Droutman
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lynn C Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Benjamin J Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Jeong
- USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zhong-Lin Lu
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Antoine Bechara
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Read
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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