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Ma JC, Che XH, Zhu XN, Ren AX, Hu Y, Yang CL, Xu ZT, Li YT, Wu CF, Yang JY. Single-dose methamphetamine administration impairs ORM retrieval in mice via excessive DA-mediated inhibition of PrL Glu activity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01321-9. [PMID: 38914676 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH), an abused psychostimulant, impairs cognition through prolonged or even single-dose exposure, but animal experiments have shown contradictory effects on memory deficits. In this study we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of single-dose METH administration on the retrieval of object recognition memory (ORM) in mice. We showed that single-dose METH administration (2 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly impaired ORM retrieval in mice. Fiber photometry recording in METH-treated mice revealed that the activity of prelimbic cortex glutamatergic neurons (PrLGlu) was significantly reduced during ORM retrieval. Chemogenetic activation of PrLGlu or glutamatergic projections from ventral CA1 to PrL (vCA1Glu-PrL) rescued ORM retrieval impairment. Fiber photometry recording revealed that dopamine (DA) levels in PrL of METH-treated mice were significantly increased, and micro-infusion of the D2 receptor (D2R) antagonist sulpiride (0.25 μg/side) into PrL rescued ORM retrieval impairment. Whole-cell recordings in brain slices containing the PrL revealed that PrLGlu intrinsic excitability and basal glutamatergic synaptic transmission were significantly reduced in METH-treated mice, and the decrease in intrinsic excitability was reversed by micro-infusion of Sulpiride into PrL in METH-treated mice. Thus, the impaired ORM retrieval caused by single-dose METH administration may be attributed to reduced PrLGlu activity, possibly due to excessive DA activity on D2R. Selective activation of PrLGlu or vCA1Glu-PrL may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for METH-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Chi Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Hang Che
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Na Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ao-Xin Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Cheng-Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhong-Tian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yu-Ting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chun-Fu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Jing-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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2
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Yang Q, Yan C, Sun Y, Xie Z, Yang L, Jiang M, Ni J, Chen B, Xu S, Yuan Z, Wu Y, Liu X, Yuan Z, Bai Z. Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Alleviates Memory Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease by Enhancing the Astrocytic Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400480. [PMID: 38881515 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is strongly linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, it is found that the injection of chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), mimicking ECM remodeling, into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) reversed short-term memory loss and reduced amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition in 5xFAD mice. ECM remodeling also reactivated astrocytes, reduced the levels of aggrecan in Aβ plaques, and enhanced astrocyte recruitment to surrounding plaques. Importantly, ECM remodeling enhanced the autophagy-lysosome pathway in astrocytes, thereby mediating Aβ clearance and alleviating AD pathology. ECM remodeling also promoted Aβ plaque phagocytosis by astrocytes by activating the astrocytic phagocytosis receptor MERTK and promoting astrocytic vesicle circulation. The study identified a cellular mechanism in which ECM remodeling activates the astrocytic autophagy-lysosomal pathway and alleviates AD pathology. Targeting ECM remodeling may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for AD and serve as a reference for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghu Yang
- School of Life Science & Research Center for Natural Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Centre for Conservation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, 716000, China
- Yanan Engineering & Technological Research Centre for Resource Peptide Drugs, Yanan Key Laboratory for Neural Immuno-Tumor and Stem Cell, Yanan, 716000, China
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chengxiang Yan
- School of Life Science & Research Center for Natural Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Centre for Conservation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, 716000, China
- Yanan Engineering & Technological Research Centre for Resource Peptide Drugs, Yanan Key Laboratory for Neural Immuno-Tumor and Stem Cell, Yanan, 716000, China
| | - Yahan Sun
- School of Life Science & Research Center for Natural Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Centre for Conservation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, 716000, China
- Yanan Engineering & Technological Research Centre for Resource Peptide Drugs, Yanan Key Laboratory for Neural Immuno-Tumor and Stem Cell, Yanan, 716000, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Life Science & Research Center for Natural Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Centre for Conservation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, 716000, China
- Yanan Engineering & Technological Research Centre for Resource Peptide Drugs, Yanan Key Laboratory for Neural Immuno-Tumor and Stem Cell, Yanan, 716000, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- School of Life Science & Research Center for Natural Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Centre for Conservation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, 716000, China
- Yanan Engineering & Technological Research Centre for Resource Peptide Drugs, Yanan Key Laboratory for Neural Immuno-Tumor and Stem Cell, Yanan, 716000, China
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Beining Chen
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary InnoCenter for Organoids, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Sen Xu
- School of Life Science & Research Center for Natural Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Centre for Conservation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, 716000, China
- Yanan Engineering & Technological Research Centre for Resource Peptide Drugs, Yanan Key Laboratory for Neural Immuno-Tumor and Stem Cell, Yanan, 716000, China
| | - Zhaoyue Yuan
- School of Life Science & Research Center for Natural Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Centre for Conservation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, 716000, China
- Yanan Engineering & Technological Research Centre for Resource Peptide Drugs, Yanan Key Laboratory for Neural Immuno-Tumor and Stem Cell, Yanan, 716000, China
| | - Yanyan Wu
- School of Life Science & Research Center for Natural Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Centre for Conservation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, 716000, China
- Yanan Engineering & Technological Research Centre for Resource Peptide Drugs, Yanan Key Laboratory for Neural Immuno-Tumor and Stem Cell, Yanan, 716000, China
| | - Xia Liu
- School of Life Science & Research Center for Natural Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Centre for Conservation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, 716000, China
- Yanan Engineering & Technological Research Centre for Resource Peptide Drugs, Yanan Key Laboratory for Neural Immuno-Tumor and Stem Cell, Yanan, 716000, China
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhantao Bai
- School of Life Science & Research Center for Natural Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Centre for Conservation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, 716000, China
- Yanan Engineering & Technological Research Centre for Resource Peptide Drugs, Yanan Key Laboratory for Neural Immuno-Tumor and Stem Cell, Yanan, 716000, China
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Greene NR, Guitard D, Forsberg A, Cowan N, Naveh-Benjamin M. Working memory limitations constrain visual episodic long-term memory at both specific and gist levels of representation. Mem Cognit 2024:10.3758/s13421-024-01593-w. [PMID: 38839653 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01593-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Limitations in one's capacity to encode information in working memory (WM) constrain later access to that information in long-term memory (LTM). The present study examined whether these WM constraints on episodic LTM are limited to specific representations of past episodes or also extend to gist representations. Across three experiments, young adult participants (n = 40 per experiment) studied objects in set sizes of two or six items, either sequentially (Experiments 1a and 1b) or simultaneously (Experiment 2). They then completed old/new recognition tests immediately after each sequence (WM tests). After a long study phase, participants completed LTM conjoint recognition tests, featuring old but untested items from the WM phase, lures that were similar to studied items at gist but not specific levels of representation, and new items unrelated to studied items at both specific and gist levels of representation. Results showed that LTM estimates of specific and gist memory representations from a multinomial-processing-tree model were reduced for items encoded under supra-capacity set sizes (six items) relative to within-capacity set sizes (two items). These results suggest that WM encoding capacity limitations constrain episodic LTM at both specific and gist levels of representation, at least for visual objects. The ability to retrieve from LTM each type of representation for a visual item is contingent on the degree to which the item could be encoded in WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R Greene
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, 425 S. University Avenue, Levin Building Room 201, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | - Alicia Forsberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nelson Cowan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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4
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Loaiza VM, Cheung HW, Goldenhaus-Manning DT. What you don't know can't hurt you: Retro-cues benefit working memory regardless of prior knowledge in long-term memory. Psychon Bull Rev 2024; 31:1-12. [PMID: 37932579 PMCID: PMC11192822 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02408-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge stored in long-term memory (LTM) impacts working memory (WM) overall, but it is unclear whether LTM facilitates focusing or switching attention in WM. We addressed this question using the retro-cue paradigm: Briefly presented arrays of individually calibrated numbers of shapes (concrete or abstract) were followed by a blank retention interval (no-cue) or a retro-cue to focus participants' attention to the to-be-probed shape. Experiment 3 included double retro-cue trials that required participants to switch their attention to a different shape. Participants recalled the color (Experiments 1) or location (Experiment 2) of the probed shape, or recognized the target shape among two other options (Experiment 3). Confirming the overall LTM effect on WM, fewer abstract shapes were needed to match the performance of concrete shapes during the calibration phase. Most importantly, retro-cues benefitted performance regardless of the nature of the shape, suggesting that LTM impacts WM overall without moderating attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Loaiza
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Hiu Wah Cheung
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
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5
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Malleret G, Salin P, Mazza S, Plancher G. Working memory forgetting: Bridging gaps between human and animal studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 163:105742. [PMID: 38830561 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The causes of forgetting in working memory (WM) remain a source of debate in cognitive psychology, partly because it has always been challenging to probe the complex neural mechanisms that govern rapid cognitive processes in humans. In this review, we argue that neural, and more precisely animal models, provide valuable tools for exploring the precise mechanisms of WM forgetting. First, we discuss theoretical perspectives concerning WM forgetting in humans. Then, we present neuronal correlates of WM in animals, starting from the initial evidence of delay activity observed in the prefrontal cortex to the later synaptic theory of WM. In the third part, specific theories of WM are discussed, including the notion that silent versus non-silent activity is more consistent with the processes of refreshing and decay proposed in human cognitive models. The review concludes with an exploration of the relationship between long-term memory and WM, revealing connections between these two forms of memory through the long-term synaptic hypothesis, which suggests that long-term storage of interference can potentially disrupt WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Malleret
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron F-69500, France
| | - Paul Salin
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron F-69500, France
| | - Stéphanie Mazza
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron F-69500, France
| | - Gaën Plancher
- Université Lumière Lyon 2, Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Bron, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France.
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6
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Chauhan P, Mehra S, Pandya A. Randomised controlled trial: role of virtual interactive 3-dimensional models in anatomical and medical education. J Vis Commun Med 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38767329 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2024.2352404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: Virtual interactive 3-dimensional models (VI3DM) and immersive virtual reality are implemented in medical education and surgical training. VI3DM allow learners to view and interact with a virtual 3D object and help in conceptualising learning objectives that demand high cognitive and visuo-spatial skills. However, the effects of VI3DM in medical education are unknown. We aimed to determine whether VI3DM are helpful in conceptualising complex anatomical structures. Materials and methods: We included 5 specimens, which were assessed by 200 first-year medical students categorised into experimental (n = 100) and control (n = 100) groups using a systemic randomisation method after matching for age and sex. The experimental group was given VI3DM as interventional learning resources while the control group was given 2-dimensional photographs as conventional learning resources for self-directed learning for 30 minutes. Participants completed a questionnaire before and after the learning session to assess their knowledge related to external features, attachments, and relations of anatomical specimens. Results: The scores of the experimental group improved significantly in the post-test compared to those of the control group for all 5 specimens included in the study (p < 0.05, confidence interval = 95%, unpaired student's t-test). Conclusions: VI3DM can help conceptualise external features, attachments, and relations of anatomical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Chauhan
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Simmi Mehra
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashish Pandya
- Department of Anatomy, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Government Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
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7
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Xie KY, Reuter-Lorenz PA. The impact of working memory testing on long-term associative memory. Mem Cognit 2024:10.3758/s13421-024-01568-x. [PMID: 38710884 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The long-term fate of to-be-remembered information depends in part on the conditions of initial learning, including mental operations engaged via working memory. However, the mechanistic role of working memory (WM) processes in subsequent episodic memory (EM) remains unclear. Does re-exposure to word-pairs during WM recognition testing improve EM for those associations? Are benefits from WM re-exposure greater after an opportunity for retrieval practice compared to mere re-exposure to the memoranda? These questions are addressed in three experiments (N = 460) designed to assess whether WM-based recognition testing benefits long-term associative memory relative to WM-based restudying. Our results show null or negative benefits of WM recognition testing minutes later when initial WM accuracy was not considered. An EM benefit of WM recognition testing only emerges when the analyses are limited to pairs responded to correctly during WM. However, even when compared with accurate WM recognition, restudying can lead to similar associative EM benefits in specific experimental conditions. Taken together, the present results suggest that while WM re-exposure to studied pairs is beneficial to long-term associative memory, successful retrieval on initial tests may be a necessary but insufficient condition for the emergence of a "WM-based testing effect." We consider these results in relation to several hypotheses proposed to explain the testing effect in long-term memory (LTM). In view of empirical parallels with the LTM testing effect, we propose that similar processes influence the benefits of practice tests administered within the canonical boundaries of WM, suggesting continuities in memory over the short and long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Y Xie
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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8
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Liu S, Wu Z, He Z, Chen W, Zhong X, Guo B, Liu S, Duan H, Guo Y, Zeng J, Liu G. Low-Power Perovskite Neuromorphic Synapse with Enhanced Photon Efficiency for Directional Motion Perception. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:22303-22311. [PMID: 38626428 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The advancement of artificial intelligent vision systems heavily relies on the development of fast and accurate optical imaging detection, identification, and tracking. Framed by restricted response speeds and low computational efficiency, traditional optoelectronic information devices are facing challenges in real-time optical imaging tasks and their ability to efficiently process complex visual data. To address the limitations of current optoelectronic information devices, this study introduces a novel photomemristor utilizing halide perovskite thin films. The fabrication process involves adjusting the iodide proportion to enhance the quality of the halide perovskite films and minimize the dark current. The photomemristor exhibits a high external quantum efficiency of over 85%, which leads to a low energy consumption of 0.6 nJ. The spike timing-dependent plasticity characteristics of the device are leveraged to construct a spiking neural network and achieve a 99.1% accuracy rate of directional perception for moving objects. The notable results offer a promising hardware solution for efficient optoneuromorphic and edge computing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilong He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjie Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiao Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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9
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Sinha JK, Trisal A, Ghosh S, Gupta S, Singh KK, Han SS, Mahapatra M, Abomughaid MM, Abomughayedh AM, Almutary AG, Iqbal D, Bhaskar R, Mishra PC, Jha SK, Jha NK, Singh AK. Psychedelics for alzheimer's disease-related dementia: Unveiling therapeutic possibilities and pathways. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102211. [PMID: 38307424 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Psychedelics have traditionally been used for spiritual and recreational purposes, but recent developments in psychotherapy have highlighted their potential as therapeutic agents. These compounds, which act as potent 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) agonists, have been recognized for their ability to enhance neural plasticity through the activation of the serotoninergic and glutamatergic systems. However, the implications of these findings for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly dementia, have not been fully explored. In recent years, studies have revealed the modulatory and beneficial effects of psychedelics in the context of dementia, specifically Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related dementia, which lacks a definitive cure. Psychedelics such as N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and Psilocybin have shown potential in mitigating the effects of this debilitating disease. These compounds not only target neurotransmitter imbalances but also act at the molecular level to modulate signalling pathways in AD, including the brain-derived neurotrophic factor signalling pathway and the subsequent activation of mammalian target of rapamycin and other autophagy regulators. Therefore, the controlled and dose-dependent administration of psychedelics represents a novel therapeutic intervention worth exploring and considering for the development of drugs for the treatment of AD-related dementia. In this article, we critically examined the literature that sheds light on the therapeutic possibilities and pathways of psychedelics for AD-related dementia. While this emerging field of research holds great promise, further studies are necessary to elucidate the long-term safety, efficacy, and optimal treatment protocols. Ultimately, the integration of psychedelics into the current treatment paradigm may provide a transformative approach for addressing the unmet needs of individuals living with AD-related dementia and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anchal Trisal
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shampa Ghosh
- GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida 201301, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Singh
- Symbiosis Centre for Information Technology (SCIT), Rajiv Gandhi InfoTech Park, Hinjawadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411057, India
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541, the Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, the Republic of Korea
| | | | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Abomughayedh
- Pharmacy Department, Aseer Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541, the Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Prabhu Chandra Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, 110008, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - Abhishek Kumar Singh
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
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10
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Lee DA, Lee HJ, Park KM. Altered cerebellar volumes and intrinsic cerebellar networks in patients with transient global amnesia. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:315-323. [PMID: 38057649 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the differences in cerebellar volumes and intrinsic cerebellar networks between patients with transient global amnesia (TGA) and healthy controls. We retrospectively enrolled patients with TGA and age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We used three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging at the time of TGA diagnosis to obtain cerebellar volumes, and the intrinsic cerebellar network was calculated by applying graph theory based on cerebellar volumes. The nodes were defined as individual cerebellar volumes, and edges as partial correlations, controlling for the effects of age and sex. The cerebellar volumes and intrinsic cerebellar networks were compared between the two groups. We enrolled 44 patients with TGA and 47 healthy controls. The volume of the left cerebellar white matter in patients with TGA was significantly lower than that in healthy controls (1.0328 vs. 1.0753%, p = 0.0094). In addition, there were significant differences in intrinsic cerebellar networks between the two groups. The small-worldness index in patients with TGA was higher than that in the healthy controls (0.951 vs. 0.880, p = 0.038). In the correlation analysis, the volumes of the right cerebellar cortex and lobules VIIIB were significantly correlated with age in patients with TGA (r = -0.323, p = 0.033; r = -0.313, p = 0.038, respectively). Patients with TGA exhibit alterations in cerebellar volumes and intrinsic cerebellar networks compared with healthy controls. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ah Lee
- Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae-Ro 875, Haeundae-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Department of Radiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Min Park
- Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae-Ro 875, Haeundae-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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11
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White PA. The perceptual timescape: Perceptual history on the sub-second scale. Cogn Psychol 2024; 149:101643. [PMID: 38452720 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2024.101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
There is a high-capacity store of brief time span (∼1000 ms) which information enters from perceptual processing, often called iconic memory or sensory memory. It is proposed that a main function of this store is to hold recent perceptual information in a temporally segregated representation, named the perceptual timescape. The perceptual timescape is a continually active representation of change and continuity over time that endows the perceived present with a perceived history. This is accomplished primarily by two kinds of time marking information: time distance information, which marks all items of information in the perceptual timescape according to how far in the past they occurred, and ordinal temporal information, which organises items of information in terms of their temporal order. Added to that is information about connectivity of perceptual objects over time. These kinds of information connect individual items over a brief span of time so as to represent change, persistence, and continuity over time. It is argued that there is a one-way street of information flow from perceptual processing either to the perceived present or directly into the perceptual timescape, and thence to working memory. Consistent with that, the information structure of the perceptual timescape supports postdictive reinterpretations of recent perceptual information. Temporal integration on a time scale of hundreds of milliseconds takes place in perceptual processing and does not draw on information in the perceptual timescape, which is concerned with temporal segregation, not integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A White
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3YG, United Kingdom.
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12
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Liu X, Sun C, Ye X, Zhu X, Hu C, Tan H, He S, Shao M, Li RW. Neuromorphic Nanoionics for Human-Machine Interaction: From Materials to Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311472. [PMID: 38421081 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Human-machine interaction (HMI) technology has undergone significant advancements in recent years, enabling seamless communication between humans and machines. Its expansion has extended into various emerging domains, including human healthcare, machine perception, and biointerfaces, thereby magnifying the demand for advanced intelligent technologies. Neuromorphic computing, a paradigm rooted in nanoionic devices that emulate the operations and architecture of the human brain, has emerged as a powerful tool for highly efficient information processing. This paper delivers a comprehensive review of recent developments in nanoionic device-based neuromorphic computing technologies and their pivotal role in shaping the next-generation of HMI. Through a detailed examination of fundamental mechanisms and behaviors, the paper explores the ability of nanoionic memristors and ion-gated transistors to emulate the intricate functions of neurons and synapses. Crucial performance metrics, such as reliability, energy efficiency, flexibility, and biocompatibility, are rigorously evaluated. Potential applications, challenges, and opportunities of using the neuromorphic computing technologies in emerging HMI technologies, are discussed and outlooked, shedding light on the fusion of humans with machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cui Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Cong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Hongwei Tan
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Shang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Mengjie Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
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13
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Iso-Ahola SE. A theory of the skill-performance relationship. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1296014. [PMID: 38406307 PMCID: PMC10884260 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1296014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The skill-performance relationship is a cornerstone of a meritocratic society. People are selected for schools, colleges and jobs based on the premise that more skillful individuals perform better. Scientific understanding of the skill-performance relationship demands that the effect of skill on performance is objectively assessed without subjective, social, and political considerations. One of the best areas for this analysis is sports. In many sports settings, the skill-performance relationship can objectively be examined at the technical, behavioral, psychological, and neurological levels. This examination reveals that skill and performance are inextricably intertwined. While skill affects performance, performance in turn defines and affects skill. To disentangle the previously confusing and interchangeable use of these key constructs, the paper presents a theoretical model specifying that ability and effort have their own direct effects on performance, as well as indirect effects on performance through skill possession and skill execution in cognitive and physical domains of human performance. Thus, ability and skill are not the same. Although skill is a key determinant of performance, recent theory and research suggests that successful performers are successful not just because of their skills per se, but because they take advantage of their skills by creating more occurrences of momentum, making them last longer, and using them to bounce back faster from streaks of unsuccessful performance. Thus, momentum is an important mediator of the effects of skill on performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppo E. Iso-Ahola
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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14
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Schwering SC, Jacobs CL, Montemayor J, MacDonald MC. Lexico-syntactic constraints influence verbal working memory in sentence-like lists. Mem Cognit 2023:10.3758/s13421-023-01496-2. [PMID: 38129629 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-023-01496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We test predictions from the language emergent perspective on verbal working memory that lexico-syntactic constraints should support both item and order memory. In natural language, long-term knowledge of lexico-syntactic patterns involving part of speech, verb biases, and noun animacy support language comprehension and production. In three experiments, participants were presented with randomly generated dative-like sentences or lists in which part of speech, verb biases, and animacy of a single word were manipulated. Participants were more likely to recall words in the correct position when presented with a verb over a noun in the verb position, a good dative verb over an intransitive verb in the verb position, and an animate noun over an inanimate noun in the subject noun position. These results demonstrate that interactions between words and their context in the form of lexico-syntactic constraints influence verbal working memory.
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15
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Leite AKO, Farias CP, Schmidt BE, Teixeira L, Rieder AS, Furini CRG, Wyse ATS. The Post-conditioning Acute Strength Exercise Facilitates Contextual Fear Memory Consolidation Via Hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptors. Neuroscience 2023; 535:88-98. [PMID: 37925051 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of aerobic exercises for memory are known, but studies of strength training on memory consolidation are still scarce. Exercise stimulates the release of metabolites and myokines that reaching the brain stimulate the activation of NMDA-receptors and associated pathways related to cognition and synaptic plasticity. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the acute strength exercise could promote the consolidation of a weak memory. We also investigated whether the effects of strength exercise on memory consolidation and on the BDNF and synapsin I levels depends on the activation of NMDA-receptors. Male Wistar rats were submitted to strength exercise session after a weak training in contextual fear conditioning paradigm to investigate the induction of memory consolidation. To investigate the participation of NMDA-receptors animals were submitted to contextual fear training and strength exercise and infused with MK801 or saline immediately after exercise. To investigate the participation of NMDA-receptors in BDNF and synapsin I levels the animals were submitted to acute strength exercise and infused with MK801 or saline immediately after exercise (in absence of behavior experiment). Results showed that exercise induced the consolidation of a weak memory and this effect was dependent on the activation of NMDA-receptors. The hippocampal overexpression of BDNF and Synapsin I through exercise where NMDA-receptors dependent. Our findings showed that strength exercise strengthened fear memory consolidation and modulates the overexpression of BDNF and synapsin I through the activation of NMDA-receptors dependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karla Oliveira Leite
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Neuroscience, PGNET, National Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Penha Farias
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Neuroscience, PGNET, National Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bianca Estefani Schmidt
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Neuroscience, PGNET, National Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucas Teixeira
- Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory (Wyse's Lab), Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Schmitt Rieder
- Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory (Wyse's Lab), Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane R G Furini
- Laboratory of Cognition and Memory Neurobiology, Brain Institute, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - 3rd Floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Neuroscience, PGNET, National Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory (Wyse's Lab), Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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16
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Li Q, Chen Z, Sun Q, Li X. Which factor affects the storage of real-world object information in visual working memory: perceptual or conceptual information? Front Psychol 2023; 14:1239485. [PMID: 37920736 PMCID: PMC10619856 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1239485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual working memory (VWM) is a limited dynamic memory system where people temporarily store and process visual information. Previous research showed that real-world objects do not have a fixed capacity compared to simple ones. In konkle's study, they found that the conceptual information and perception information of real-world objects had different effects on visual long-term memory (VLTM) capacity. VLTM capacity was more dependent on conceptual information than the perceptual distinctiveness of real-world objects. However, we did not know how the intrinsic attribute of real-world objects affects VWM capacity yet. In the current research, we set five experiments to explore the comparative effects of conceptual vs. perceptual information of real-world objects in VWM capacity. Our results suggested that VWM capacity was more dependent on the perceptual distinctiveness of real-world objects than on conceptual structure. These data provide evidence that VWM capacity for real-world objects depends more on perceptual information than on conceptual structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankai Li
- College of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- College of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- College of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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17
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Yang M, Singh A, McDougle M, Décarie-Spain L, Kanoski S, de Lartigue G. Separate orexigenic hippocampal ensembles shape dietary choice by enhancing contextual memory and motivation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.09.561580. [PMID: 37873148 PMCID: PMC10592764 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.09.561580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus (HPC), traditionally known for its role in learning and memory, has emerged as a controller of food intake. While prior studies primarily associated the HPC with food intake inhibition, recent research suggests a critical role in appetitive processes. We hypothesized that orexigenic HPC neurons differentially respond to fats and/or sugars, potent natural reinforcers that contribute to obesity development. Results uncover previously-unrecognized, spatially-distinct neuronal ensembles within the dorsal HPC (dHPC) that are responsive to separate nutrient signals originating from the gut. Using activity-dependent genetic capture of nutrient-responsive HPC neurons, we demonstrate a causal role of both populations in promoting nutrient-specific preference through different mechanisms. Sugar-responsive neurons encode an appetitive spatial memory engram for meal location, whereas fat-responsive neurons selectively enhance the preference and motivation for fat intake. Collectively, these findings uncover a neural basis for the exquisite specificity in processing macronutrient signals from a meal that shape dietary choices.
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18
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Oliveira ABD, Anderle P, Goulart BNGD. Association between self-perceived hearing status and cognitive impairment in the older Brazilian population: a population-based study. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:2653-2663. [PMID: 37672454 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232023289.17452022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive health plays an important role in the quality of life and autonomy of older adults. and it is influenced by hearing ability. This article aims to analyze the association between self-perceived hearing status and cognitive impairment in Brazilian older adults. This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 4,977 older adults who participated in ELSI Brazil 2015. The cognitive impairment status (outcome. categorized as "yes" and "no") and variable of interest (self-perceived hearing status. categorized as "good" "fair" and "poor") were obtained using a self-report method. The following domains were considered for cognition: temporal orientation. memory (short and long term). and language (recent and late). Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to assess the self-perceived hearing status-cognitive impairment association in the crude and adjusted analyses. Sociodemographic. lifestyle. and medical history variables were used to adjust the analyses. We found that 31.8% of the participants reported fair or poor hearing and 42% had cognitive impairment. In the adjusted analysis. older adults with poor hearing were revealed to have a stronger association with cognitive impairment than their peers with good hearing. Therefore. in older Brazilian adults. lower self-perceived hearing status is associated higher levels of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bayer de Oliveira
- Curso de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Paulo Gama 110, Farroupilha. 90040-060 Porto Alegre RS.
| | - Paula Anderle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre RS Brasil
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19
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Stricker JL, Corriveau-Lecavalier N, Wiepert DA, Botha H, Jones DT, Stricker NH. Neural network process simulations support a distributed memory system and aid design of a novel computer adaptive digital memory test for preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology 2023; 37:698-715. [PMID: 36037486 PMCID: PMC9971333 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growing evidence supports the importance of learning as a central deficit in preclinical/prodromal Alzheimer's disease. The aims of this study were to conduct a series of neural network simulations to develop a functional understanding of a distributed, nonmodular memory system that can learn efficiently without interference. This understanding is applied to the development of a novel digital memory test. METHOD Simulations using traditional feed forward neural network architectures to learn simple logic problems are presented. The simulations demonstrate three limitations: (a) inefficiency, (b) an inability to learn problems consistently, and (c) catastrophic interference when given multiple problems. A new mirrored cascaded architecture is introduced to address these limitations, with support provided by a series of simulations. RESULTS The mirrored cascaded architecture demonstrates efficient and consistent learning relative to feed forward networks but also suffers from catastrophic interference. Addition of context values to add the capability of distinguishing features as part of learning eliminates the problem of interference in the mirrored cascaded, but not the feed forward, architectures. CONCLUSIONS A mirrored cascaded architecture addresses the limitations of traditional feed forward neural networks, provides support for a distributed memory system, and emphasizes the importance of context to avoid interference. These process models contributed to the design of a digital computer-adaptive word list learning test that places maximum stress on the capability to distinguish specific episodes of learning. Process simulations provide a useful method of testing models of brain function and contribute to new approaches to neuropsychological assessment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- John L. Stricker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Hugo Botha
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David T. Jones
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nikki H. Stricker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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20
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Schwering SC, MacDonald MC. Noun Sequence Statistics Affect Serial Recall and Order Recognition Memory. Open Mind (Camb) 2023; 7:550-563. [PMID: 37637296 PMCID: PMC10449402 DOI: 10.1162/opmi_a_00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Most theories of verbal working memory recognize that language comprehension and production processes play a role in word memory for familiar sequences, but not for novel lists of nouns. Some language emergent theories propose that language processes can support verbal working memory even for novel sequences. Through corpus analyses, we identify sequences of two nouns that resemble patterns in natural language, even though the sequences are novel. We present 2 experiments demonstrating better recall in college students for these novel sequences over the same words in reverse order. In a third experiment, we demonstrate better recognition of the order of these sequences over a longer time scale. These results suggest verbal working memory and recognition of order over a delay are influenced by language knowledge processes, even for novel memoranda that approximate noun lists typically employed in memory experiments.
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21
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Cotton K, Sandry J, Ricker TJ. Secondary task engagement drives the McCabe effect in long-term memory. Mem Cognit 2023:10.3758/s13421-023-01450-2. [PMID: 37552382 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-023-01450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Processing that occurs while information is held in working memory is critical in long-term retention of that information. One counterintuitive finding is that the concurrent processing required during complex span tasks typically impairs immediate memory, while also leading to improved delayed memory. One proposed mechanism for this effect is retrieval practice that occurs each time memory items are displaced to allow for concurrent processing during complex span tasks. Other research has instead suggested that increased free time during complex span procedures underlies this effect. In the present study, we presented participants with memory items in simple, complex, and slow span tasks and compared their performance on immediate and delayed memory tests. We found that how much a participant engaged with the secondary task of the complex span task corresponded with how strongly they exhibited a complex span boost on delayed memory performance. We also probed what participants were thinking about during the task, and found that participants' focus varied depending both on task type and secondary task engagement. The results support repeated retrieval as a key mechanism in the relationship between working memory processing and long-term retention. Further, the present study highlights the importance of variation in individual cognitive processing in predicting long-term outcomes even when objective conditions remain unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Cotton
- Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Joshua Sandry
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Timothy J Ricker
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
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22
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Oberauer K, Bartsch LM. When Does Episodic Memory Contribute to Performance in Tests of Working Memory? J Cogn 2023; 6:44. [PMID: 37547122 PMCID: PMC10402796 DOI: 10.5334/joc.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the experimental and the psychometric investigation of the WM capacity limit depend critically on the assumption that performance in our tests of WM reflects that capacity limit to a good approximation. Most tasks to measure WM rely on testing memory after a short time during which participants are asked to maintain information in WM. In these tests, episodic long-term memory is likely to also lay down a trace of the memory set. Therefore, participants can draw on two sources of information when memory is tested, making it difficult to separate the contributions of WM and episodic LTM to the performance on immediate-memory tests. Here we use proactive interference to distinguish between these two sources of remembered information, building on the fact that episodic memory is vulnerable to proactive interference, whereas WM is protected against it. We use a release-from-PI paradigm to determine the extent to which commonly used WM tasks reflect contributions from episodic LTM. We focus on memory for serial order of verbal lists, but also include visual and spatial WM tasks. The results of five experiments demonstrate that although some tasks used to investigate WM are heavily contaminated by episodic LTM, other popular paradigms such as serial and probed recall, and the standard version of the continuous color-reproduction task, are not. Measuring proactive interference can help researchers determine the extent to which WM and episodic LTM contribute to performance in immediate-memory tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Oberauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lea M. Bartsch
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Sheppard PAS, Chandramohan D, Lumsden A, Vellone D, Denley MCS, Srivastava DP, Choleris E. Social memory in female mice is rapidly modulated by 17β-estradiol through ERK and Akt modulation of synapse formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300191120. [PMID: 37490537 PMCID: PMC10400940 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300191120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Social memory is essential to the functioning of a social animal within a group. Estrogens can affect social memory too quickly for classical genomic mechanisms. Previously, 17β-estradiol (E2) rapidly facilitated short-term social memory and increased nascent synapse formation, these synapses being potentiated following neuronal activity. However, what mechanisms underlie and coordinate the rapid facilitation of social memory and synaptogenesis are unclear. Here, the necessity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling for rapid facilitation of short-term social memory and synaptogenesis was tested. Mice performed a short-term social memory task or were used as task-naïve controls. ERK and PI3K pathway inhibitors were infused intradorsal hippocampally 5 min before E2 infusion. Forty minutes following intrahippocampal E2 or vehicle administration, tissues were collected for quantification of glutamatergic synapse number in the CA1. Dorsal hippocampal E2 rapid facilitation of short-term social memory depended upon ERK and PI3K pathways. E2 increased glutamatergic synapse number (bassoon puncta positive for GluA1) in task-performing mice but decreased synapse number in task-naïve mice. Critically, ERK signaling was required for synapse formation/elimination in task-performing and task-naïve mice, whereas PI3K inhibition blocked synapse formation only in task-performing mice. While ERK and PI3K are both required for E2 facilitation of short-term social memory and synapse formation, only ERK is required for synapse elimination. This demonstrates previously unknown, bidirectional, rapid actions of E2 on brain and behavior and underscores the importance of estrogen signaling in the brain to social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. S. Sheppard
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ONN1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Deepthi Chandramohan
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, LondonWC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, LondonWC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Alanna Lumsden
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ONN1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Daniella Vellone
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ONN1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Matthew C. S. Denley
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, LondonWC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, LondonWC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak P. Srivastava
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, LondonWC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, LondonWC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Choleris
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ONN1G 2W1, Canada
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Godino-Gimeno A, Thörnqvist PO, Chivite M, Míguez JM, Winberg S, Cerdá-Reverter JM. Obesity Impairs Cognitive Function with No Effects on Anxiety-like Behaviour in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12316. [PMID: 37569692 PMCID: PMC10419065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the zebrafish has emerged as an important model organism for behavioural studies and neurological disorders, as well as for the study of metabolic diseases. This makes zebrafish an alternative model for studying the effects of energy disruption and nutritional quality on a wide range of behavioural aspects. Here, we used the zebrafish model to study how obesity induced by overfeeding regulates emotional and cognitive processes. Two groups of fish (n = 24 per group) were fed at 2% (CTRL) and 8% (overfeeding-induced obesity, OIO) for 8 weeks and tested for anxiety-like behaviour using the novel tank diving test (NTDT). Fish were first tested using a short-term memory test (STM) and then trained for four days for a long-term memory test (LTM). At the end of the experiment, fish were euthanised for biometric sampling, total lipid content, and triglyceride analysis. In addition, brains (eight per treatment) were dissected for HPLC determination of monoamines. Overfeeding induced faster growth and obesity, as indicated by increased total lipid content. OIO had no effect on anxiety-like behaviour. Animals were then tested for cognitive function (learning and memory) using the aversive learning test in Zantiks AD units. Results show that both OIO and CTRL animals were able to associate the aversive stimulus with the conditioned stimulus (conditioned learning), but OIO impaired STM regardless of fish sex, revealing the effects of obesity on cognitive processes in zebrafish. Obese fish did not show a deficiency in monoaminergic transmission, as revealed by quantification of total brain levels of dopamine and serotonin and their metabolites. This provides a reliable protocol for assessing the effect of metabolic disease on cognitive and behavioural function, supporting zebrafish as a model for behavioural and cognitive neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Godino-Gimeno
- Control of Food Intake Group, Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, 12595 Castellon, Spain;
| | - Per-Ove Thörnqvist
- Behavioural Neuroendocrinology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden (S.W.)
- Behavioural Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mauro Chivite
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (M.C.)
| | - Jesús M. Míguez
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (M.C.)
| | - Svante Winberg
- Behavioural Neuroendocrinology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden (S.W.)
- Behavioural Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - José Miguel Cerdá-Reverter
- Control of Food Intake Group, Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, 12595 Castellon, Spain;
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25
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Birnie M, Claydon M, Troy O, Flynn B, Yoshimura M, Kershaw Y, Zhao Z, Demski-Allen R, Barker G, Warburton E, Bortolotto Z, Lightman S, Conway-Campbell B. Circadian regulation of hippocampal function is disrupted with corticosteroid treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2211996120. [PMID: 37023133 PMCID: PMC10104554 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211996120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted circadian activity is associated with many neuropsychiatric disorders. A major coordinator of circadian biological systems is adrenal glucocorticoid secretion which exhibits a pronounced preawakening peak that regulates metabolic, immune, and cardiovascular processes, as well as mood and cognitive function. Loss of this circadian rhythm during corticosteroid therapy is often associated with memory impairment. Surprisingly, the mechanisms that underlie this deficit are not understood. In this study, in rats, we report that circadian regulation of the hippocampal transcriptome integrates crucial functional networks that link corticosteroid-inducible gene regulation to synaptic plasticity processes via an intrahippocampal circadian transcriptional clock. Further, these circadian hippocampal functions were significantly impacted by corticosteroid treatment delivered in a 5-d oral dosing treatment protocol. Rhythmic expression of the hippocampal transcriptome, as well as the circadian regulation of synaptic plasticity, was misaligned with the natural light/dark circadian-entraining cues, resulting in memory impairment in hippocampal-dependent behavior. These findings provide mechanistic insights into how the transcriptional clock machinery within the hippocampus is influenced by corticosteroid exposure, leading to adverse effects on critical hippocampal functions, as well as identifying a molecular basis for memory deficits in patients treated with long-acting synthetic corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Birnie
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Bristol, BristolBS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D. B. Claydon
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Bristol, BristolBS1 3NY, United Kingdom
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Troy
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Bristol, BristolBS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin P. Flynn
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Bristol, BristolBS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoshimura
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Bristol, BristolBS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne M. Kershaw
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Bristol, BristolBS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Zidong Zhao
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Bristol, BristolBS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C. R. Demski-Allen
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Bristol, BristolBS1 3NY, United Kingdom
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth R. I. Barker
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - E. Clea Warburton
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Zuner A. Bortolotto
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Stafford L. Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Bristol, BristolBS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Becky L. Conway-Campbell
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Bristol, BristolBS1 3NY, United Kingdom
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26
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Libersky E, Crespo K, Reppe A, Kaushanskaya M. Effects of bilingualism on autobiographical memory: variation in idea density and retrieval speed. Memory 2023; 31:491-501. [PMID: 36715030 PMCID: PMC10163676 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2023.2171435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Prior work on bilingual memory has largely focused on working memory and less on autobiographical memory. In the present study, we tested the effect of bilingualism on autobiographical memory and examined whether an effect would be moderated or mediated by working memory. Spanish-English bilingual and English-only monolingual adults completed an autobiographical cued-recall task, as well as a working memory measure. Memories were coded for retrieval speed and propositional idea density. Bilingual status was associated with faster memory retrieval but did not affect propositional idea density. Better working memory was associated with slower memory retrieval but did not affect propositional idea density, nor did working memory moderate or mediate the effect of bilingualism. Together, these results indicate an effect of bilingualism on the speed of autobiographical memory retrieval that does not extend to autobiographical memory content and suggest that the effect of bilingualism is independent of the effect of working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Libersky
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Kimberly Crespo
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Autumn Reppe
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
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27
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Chou MY, Cao X, Hou KC, Tsai MH, Lee CY, Kuo MF, Wu VC, Huang HY, Akbarian S, Chang SK, Hu CY, Lin SW, Huang HS. Mir125b-2 imprinted in human but not mouse brain regulates hippocampal function and circuit in mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:267. [PMID: 36918719 PMCID: PMC10014956 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting predominantly occurs in the placenta and brain. Few imprinted microRNAs have been identified in the brain, and their functional roles in the brain are not clear. Here we show paternal, but not maternal, expression of MIR125B2 in human but not mouse brain. Moreover, Mir125b-2m-/p- mice showed impaired learning and memory, and anxiety, whose functions were hippocampus-dependent. Hippocampal granule cells from Mir125b-2m-/p- mice displayed increased neuronal excitability, increased excitatory synaptic transmission, and decreased inhibitory synaptic transmission. Glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A (Grin2a), a key regulator of synaptic plasticity, was physically bound by miR-125b-2 and upregulated in the hippocampus of Mir125b-2m-/p- mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrate MIR125B2 imprinted in human but not mouse brain, mediated learning, memory, and anxiety, regulated excitability and synaptic transmission in hippocampal granule cells, and affected hippocampal expression of Grin2a. Our work provides functional mechanisms of a species-specific imprinted microRNA in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Chou
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Xuhui Cao
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chu Hou
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Han Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Lee
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Fai Kuo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Vin-Cent Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Huang
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sheng-Kai Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wha Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Sung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
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28
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Xie W, Cappiello M, Yassa MA, Ester E, Zaghloul KA, Zhang W. The entorhinal-DG/CA3 pathway in the medial temporal lobe retains visual working memory of a simple surface feature. eLife 2023; 12:83365. [PMID: 36861959 PMCID: PMC10019891 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Classic models consider working memory (WM) and long-term memory as distinct mental faculties that are supported by different neural mechanisms. Yet, there are significant parallels in the computation that both types of memory require. For instance, the representation of precise item-specific memory requires the separation of overlapping neural representations of similar information. This computation has been referred to as pattern separation, which can be mediated by the entorhinal-DG/CA3 pathway of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in service of long-term episodic memory. However, although recent evidence has suggested that the MTL is involved in WM, the extent to which the entorhinal-DG/CA3 pathway supports precise item-specific WM has remained elusive. Here, we combine an established orientation WM task with high-resolution fMRI to test the hypothesis that the entorhinal-DG/CA3 pathway retains visual WM of a simple surface feature. Participants were retrospectively cued to retain one of the two studied orientation gratings during a brief delay period and then tried to reproduce the cued orientation as precisely as possible. By modeling the delay-period activity to reconstruct the retained WM content, we found that the anterior-lateral entorhinal cortex (aLEC) and the hippocampal DG/CA3 subfield both contain item-specific WM information that is associated with subsequent recall fidelity. Together, these results highlight the contribution of MTL circuitry to item-specific WM representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Xie
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeBethesdaUnited States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, RiversideRiversideUnited States
- Department of Psychology, University of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | - Marcus Cappiello
- Department of Psychology, University of California, RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Edward Ester
- Department of Psychology, University of NevadaRenoUnited States
| | - Kareem A Zaghloul
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeBethesdaUnited States
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Psychology, University of California, RiversideRiversideUnited States
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29
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Narayanan SN, Merghani TH. Real-life scenario blended teaching approach for nurturing inquisitive learning of central nervous system in medical students. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2023; 47:124-138. [PMID: 36602993 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00054.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Among the various systems taught in the preclinical phases, the nervous system is more challenging to learn than other systems. In this report, a novel teaching methodology, "real-life scenario (RLS) blended teaching," is described and its effectiveness in facilitating inquisitive learning in undergraduate medical students is evaluated. This mixed-method study was conducted among three groups (group 1, n = 83; group 2, n = 85; and group 3; n = 79) of undergraduate medical students (18-20 yr) in the neurology and behavioral sciences module. RLS was presented to students in the form of demonstrations, role-plays, videos, and group activities. Group 1 students underwent traditional teaching-learning sessions. Group 2 students underwent RLS blended sessions and were provided with multiple miniassignments in a vignette format. Group 3 students received RLS blended sessions, multiple miniassignments, peer discussions, multiple formative assessments, and facilitator feedback sessions. The student performances on different exams were compared in terms of their group, and their perceptions of RLS were documented. Students exposed to RLS sessions blended with multiple assignments, peer discussions, multiple formative assignments, and facilitator feedback sessions performed well in the final summative assessments (67.87%) compared with those exposed to RLS sessions and assignments (50.21%) or exposed to traditional teaching alone (50.34%). RLS sessions increased students' curiosity and motivated them to learn the subject well. RLS sessions stimulated student interest and facilitated their learning. RLS along with effective use of multiple assignments, formative assessments, and/or feedback sessions significantly improved student learning. This demonstrates the effectiveness of this active method in teaching various subjects with appropriate modifications.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this report, a novel teaching methodology, "real-life scenario (RLS) blended teaching" is described and its effectiveness in facilitating inquisitive learning in undergraduate medical students is evaluated. Students exposed to RLS sessions blended with multiple miniassignments, peer discussions, multiple formative assignments, and facilitator feedback sessions performed well in the summative assessments compared with those exposed to RLS sessions and assignments or exposed to traditional teaching alone. Students preferred active teaching-learning techniques over the traditional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareesh Naduvil Narayanan
- Department of Physiology, Ras Al Khaimah College of Medical Sciences, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tarig Hakim Merghani
- Department of Physiology, Ras Al Khaimah College of Medical Sciences, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
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30
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Yin Y, Zuo H, Childs P. Impacts of Cognitive Factors on Creativity Quality in Design: Identification from Performances in Recall, Association and Combination. J Intell 2023; 11:jintelligence11020039. [PMID: 36826937 PMCID: PMC9959459 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The reason why people have different creativity quality levels may depend on their different performances relating to other cognitive factors that are important for creativity. This study was designed to identify the performance of three cognitive factors (recall, association, and combination) that a designer may use in a creative process and then identify how the differing performance for these cognitive factors will affect creativity quality levels. Seventy-one participants were recruited to undertake a design task and complete a semi-structured interview. The results indicate that, in a creative design process, similar performances in recall, association, and combination can result in differences in creativity quality level.
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31
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Shi H, Wang B, Wang X, Qiu L, Zheng L. Optically Readable Electrochromic-Based Microfiber Synaptic Device for Photonic Neuromorphic Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:9705-9713. [PMID: 36763963 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical synaptic devices possess great potential in both artificial intelligence and neuromorphic photonics. In this work, an optically readable electrochromic-based microfiber synaptic device was designed by the combination of a multimode fiber and an electrochromic device and using an external voltage to control the transmission of light in the fiber. The proposed synaptic device has the ability to imitate various basic functions of the biological synapses, such as synaptic plasticity, and paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), as well as the transition from short-term memory to long-term memory. Moreover, the proposed device decodes the output optical signal with the international Morse code to express the signal "HFUT" in two ways, and a 3 × 3 array composed of this device can simulate the perceptual learning process. The device can be easily prepared for a wide range of applications, and the incorporated microfibers can be replaced by planar optical waveguides, making it easy to be integrated into a more complex and versatile photonic neuromorphic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Banghu Wang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Longzhen Qiu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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32
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Desaunay P, Guillery B, Moussaoui E, Eustache F, Bowler DM, Guénolé F. Brain correlates of declarative memory atypicalities in autism: a systematic review of functional neuroimaging findings. Mol Autism 2023; 14:2. [PMID: 36627713 PMCID: PMC9832704 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-022-00525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-described atypicalities of memory functioning experienced by people with autism have major implications for daily living, academic learning, as well as cognitive remediation. Though behavioral studies have identified a robust profile of memory strengths and weaknesses in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), few works have attempted to establish a synthesis concerning their neural bases. In this systematic review of functional neuroimaging studies, we highlight functional brain asymmetries in three anatomical planes during memory processing between individuals with ASD and typical development. These asymmetries consist of greater activity of the left hemisphere than the right in ASD participants, of posterior brain regions-including hippocampus-rather than anterior ones, and presumably of the ventral (occipito-temporal) streams rather than the dorsal (occipito-parietal) ones. These functional alterations may be linked to atypical memory processes in ASD, including the pre-eminence of verbal over spatial information, impaired active maintenance in working memory, and preserved relational memory despite poor context processing in episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Desaunay
- grid.411149.80000 0004 0472 0160Service de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, CHU de Caen Normandie, 27 rue des compagnons, 14000 Caen, France ,grid.412043.00000 0001 2186 4076EPHE, INSERM, U1077, Pôle des Formations et de Recherche en Santé, CHU de Caen Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, 2 rue des Rochambelles, 14032 Caen Cedex CS, France
| | - Bérengère Guillery
- grid.412043.00000 0001 2186 4076EPHE, INSERM, U1077, Pôle des Formations et de Recherche en Santé, CHU de Caen Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, 2 rue des Rochambelles, 14032 Caen Cedex CS, France
| | - Edgar Moussaoui
- grid.411149.80000 0004 0472 0160Service de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, CHU de Caen Normandie, 27 rue des compagnons, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- grid.412043.00000 0001 2186 4076EPHE, INSERM, U1077, Pôle des Formations et de Recherche en Santé, CHU de Caen Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, 2 rue des Rochambelles, 14032 Caen Cedex CS, France
| | - Dermot M. Bowler
- grid.28577.3f0000 0004 1936 8497Autism Research Group, City University of London, DG04 Rhind Building, Northampton Square, EC1V 0HB London, UK
| | - Fabian Guénolé
- grid.411149.80000 0004 0472 0160Service de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, CHU de Caen Normandie, 27 rue des compagnons, 14000 Caen, France ,grid.412043.00000 0001 2186 4076EPHE, INSERM, U1077, Pôle des Formations et de Recherche en Santé, CHU de Caen Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, 2 rue des Rochambelles, 14032 Caen Cedex CS, France ,grid.412043.00000 0001 2186 4076Faculté de Médecine, Pôle des Formation et de Recherche en Santé, Université de Caen Normandie, 2 rue des Rochambelles, 14032 Caen cedex CS, France
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Osorio-Gómez D, Miranda MI, Guzmán-Ramos K, Bermúdez-Rattoni F. Transforming experiences: Neurobiology of memory updating/editing. Front Syst Neurosci 2023; 17:1103770. [PMID: 36896148 PMCID: PMC9989287 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2023.1103770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term memory is achieved through a consolidation process where structural and molecular changes integrate information into a stable memory. However, environmental conditions constantly change, and organisms must adapt their behavior by updating their memories, providing dynamic flexibility for adaptive responses. Consequently, novel stimulation/experiences can be integrated during memory retrieval; where consolidated memories are updated by a dynamic process after the appearance of a prediction error or by the exposure to new information, generating edited memories. This review will discuss the neurobiological systems involved in memory updating including recognition memory and emotional memories. In this regard, we will review the salient and emotional experiences that promote the gradual shifting from displeasure to pleasure (or vice versa), leading to hedonic or aversive responses, throughout memory updating. Finally, we will discuss evidence regarding memory updating and its potential clinical implication in drug addiction, phobias, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Osorio-Gómez
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Isabel Miranda
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Kioko Guzmán-Ramos
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Lerma de Villada, Mexico
| | - Federico Bermúdez-Rattoni
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Attentional Refreshing in the Absence of Long-Term Memory Content: Role of Short-Term and Long-Term Consolidation. J Cogn 2023; 6:5. [PMID: 36698788 PMCID: PMC9838241 DOI: 10.5334/joc.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Contradictory results in the literature suggest that attentional refreshing can seemingly not operate efficiently in the absence of semantic representations, while at the same time it does not rely directly on retrieval from semantic memory. The objective of the present study was a better understanding of the bidirectional links between working memory (WM) and long-term memory (LTM), by assessing on the one hand the role of WM mechanisms in long-term recall and on the other hand how their functioning is modulated by the prior LTM content. Through two experiments, we investigated a new hypothesis: attentional refreshing requires stable WM representations independently of the presence or the absence of associated LTM traces. We manipulated this stability through short-term consolidation (Experiment 1) and multiple presentations of memoranda (Experiment 2) to evaluate how it would affect maintenance of words and pseudowords. While we found that lexicality, short-term consolidation and multiple presentations affected short-term and long-term recall, both experiments converged on the conclusion that none of these factors modulated the effect of the cognitive load of the concurrent processing task, suggesting that refreshing does not depend on LTM content nor WM representations' stability. Additionally, we found that delayed recall performance was not affected by the cognitive load, in contradiction with previous literature. These results provide new insight into the functioning of refreshing and the links between WM and LTM.
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A computational model of language comprehension unites diverse perspectives. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2217108119. [PMID: 36449546 PMCID: PMC9894107 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217108119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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36
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Abstract
Our concept of the neural mechanisms of working memory has recently undergone an upheaval, because of two transformative concepts: multivariate neural state trajectories and the activity-silent hypothesis. I will argue that putting these concepts together raises the difficult problem of "quiet trajectories," where future neural activity is not fully determined by current activity. However, this also promises new building blocks for neural computation.
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37
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Yin Y, Wang P, Childs PRN. Understanding creativity process through electroencephalography measurement on creativity-related cognitive factors. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:951272. [PMID: 36532268 PMCID: PMC9748076 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.951272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neurotechnology approaches, such as electroencephalography (EEG), can aid understanding of the cognitive processes behind creativity. Methods To identify and compare the EEG characteristics of creativity-related cognitive factors (remote association, common association, combination, recall, and retrieval), 30 participants were recruited to conduct an EEG induction study. Results From the event-related potential (ERP) results and spectral analysis, the study supports that creativity is related to the frontal lobe areas of the brain and common association is an unconscious process. Discussion The results help explain why some creativity-related cognitive factors are involved either more or less readily than others in the creative design process from workload aspects. This study identifies the part of the brain that is involved in the combination cognitive factor and detects the ERP results on cognitive factors. This study can be used by designers and researchers to further understand the cognitive processes of creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yin
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pan Wang
- School of Design, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Lou HR, Wang X, Gao Y, Zeng Q. Comparison of ARIMA model, DNN model and LSTM model in predicting disease burden of occupational pneumoconiosis in Tianjin, China. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2167. [PMID: 36434563 PMCID: PMC9694549 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14642-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to explore appropriate model for predicting the disease burden of pneumoconiosis in Tianjin by comparing the prediction effects of Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model, Deep Neural Networks (DNN) model and multivariate Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network (LSTM) models. METHODS Disability adjusted life year (DALY) was used to evaluate the disease burden of occupational pneumoconiosis. ARIMA model, DNN model and multivariate LSTM model were used to establish prediction model. Three performance evaluation metrics including Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) were used to compare the prediction effects of the three models. RESULTS From 1990 to 2021, there were 10,694 cases of pneumoconiosis patients in Tianjin, resulting in a total of 112,725.52 person-years of DALY. During this period, the annual DALY showed a fluctuating trend, but it had a strong correlation with the number of pneumoconiosis patients, the average age of onset, the average age of receiving dust and the gross industrial product, and had a significant nonlinear relationship with them. The comparison of prediction results showed that the performance of multivariate LSTM model and DNN model is much better than that of traditional ARIMA model. Compared with the DNN model, the multivariate LSTM model performed better in the training set, showing lower RMES (42.30 vs. 380.96), MAE (29.53 vs. 231.20) and MAPE (1.63% vs. 2.93%), but performed less stable than the DNN on the test set, showing slightly higher RMSE (1309.14 vs. 656.44), MAE (886.98 vs. 594.47) and MAPE (36.86% vs. 22.43%). CONCLUSION The machine learning techniques of DNN and LSTM are an innovative method to accurately and efficiently predict the burden of pneumoconiosis with the simplest data. It has great application prospects in the monitoring and early warning system of occupational disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ren Lou
- grid.464467.3Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011 China ,grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Xin Wang
- grid.464467.3Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011 China
| | - Ya Gao
- grid.464467.3Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011 China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- grid.464467.3Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011 China
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Chen S, Li T, Yang L, Zhai F, Jiang X, Xiang R, Ling G. Artificial intelligence-driven prediction of multiple drug interactions. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6720429. [PMID: 36168896 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
When a drug is administered to exert its efficacy, it will encounter multiple barriers and go through multiple interactions. Predicting the drug-related multiple interactions is critical for drug development and safety monitoring because it provides foundations for practical, safe compatibility and rational use of multiple drugs. With the progress of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, a variety of novel prediction methods for single interaction have emerged and shown great advantages compared to the traditional, expensive and time-consuming laboratory research. To promote the comprehensive and simultaneous predictions of multiple interactions, we systematically reviewed the application of AI in drug-drug, drug-food (excipients) and drug-microbiome interactions. We began by outlining the model methods, evaluation indicators, algorithms and databases commonly used to build models for three types of drug interactions. The models based on the metabolic enzyme P450, drug similarity and drug targets have empathized among the machine learning models of drug-drug interactions. In particular, we discussed the limitations of current approaches and identified potential areas for future research. It is anticipated the in-depth review will be helpful for the development of the next-generation of systematic prediction models for simultaneous multiple interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Chen
- College of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tiancheng Li
- College of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Luna Yang
- College of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fei Zhai
- College of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiwei Jiang
- College of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Rongwu Xiang
- College of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.,Liaoning Medical Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guixia Ling
- College of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
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40
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Ross CA, Moore MW. Spectral degradation influences phonological memory in typically hearing adults. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2022; 36:968-987. [PMID: 34505813 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2021.1974563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phonological processing is a fundamental component of language, can be impaired in people with hearing loss, and involves several confounded subprocesses. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine several phonological subprocesses - i.e., the spectral quality of auditory input and phonological short-term and long-term memory - in order to better understand how they interact with one another in basic linguistic tasks. Using an experimental, within-subjects design, 30 typically-hearing adults completed nonword repetition (NWR) and auditory lexical decision (ALD) tasks varying in spectral quality (normal versus spectrally-degraded), consonant age of acquisition (CAoA; i.e. early-acquired versus late-acquired consonants), syllable length (NWR task), and lexical status (ALD task). In NWR, spectral degradation muted the word length effect, though performance differed depending on how familiar participants were with the degraded stimuli. ALD findings showed that the magnitude of the degradation effect varied between stimuli comprising early-acquired versus late-acquired consonants. The robust effect of spectral degradation on phonological short-term and long-term memory provides a model of the interactive nature of these subprocesses in typical adults. Future work with populations with hearing loss can provide a comparison to help understand how the typical and clinical phonological systems differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Ross
- Division of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Department of Human Performance, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Department of Communication Disorders, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michelle W Moore
- Division of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Department of Human Performance, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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41
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Lahti J, Tuominen S, Yang Q, Pergola G, Ahmad S, Amin N, Armstrong NJ, Beiser A, Bey K, Bis JC, Boerwinkle E, Bressler J, Campbell A, Campbell H, Chen Q, Corley J, Cox SR, Davies G, De Jager PL, Derks EM, Faul JD, Fitzpatrick AL, Fohner AE, Ford I, Fornage M, Gerring Z, Grabe HJ, Grodstein F, Gudnason V, Simonsick E, Holliday EG, Joshi PK, Kajantie E, Kaprio J, Karell P, Kleineidam L, Knol MJ, Kochan NA, Kwok JB, Leber M, Lam M, Lee T, Li S, Loukola A, Luck T, Marioni RE, Mather KA, Medland S, Mirza SS, Nalls MA, Nho K, O'Donnell A, Oldmeadow C, Painter J, Pattie A, Reppermund S, Risacher SL, Rose RJ, Sadashivaiah V, Scholz M, Satizabal CL, Schofield PW, Schraut KE, Scott RJ, Simino J, Smith AV, Smith JA, Stott DJ, Surakka I, Teumer A, Thalamuthu A, Trompet S, Turner ST, van der Lee SJ, Villringer A, Völker U, Wilson RS, Wittfeld K, Vuoksimaa E, Xia R, Yaffe K, Yu L, Zare H, Zhao W, Ames D, Attia J, Bennett DA, Brodaty H, Chasman DI, Goldman AL, Hayward C, Ikram MA, Jukema JW, Kardia SLR, Lencz T, Loeffler M, Mattay VS, Palotie A, Psaty BM, Ramirez A, Ridker PM, Riedel-Heller SG, Sachdev PS, Saykin AJ, Scherer M, Schofield PR, Sidney S, Starr JM, Trollor J, Ulrich W, Wagner M, Weir DR, Wilson JF, Wright MJ, Weinberger DR, Debette S, Eriksson JG, Mosley TH, Launer LJ, van Duijn CM, Deary IJ, Seshadri S, Räikkönen K. Genome-wide meta-analyses reveal novel loci for verbal short-term memory and learning. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4419-4431. [PMID: 35974141 PMCID: PMC9734053 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the genomic basis of memory processes may help in combating neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, we examined the associations of common genetic variants with verbal short-term memory and verbal learning in adults without dementia or stroke (N = 53,637). We identified novel loci in the intronic region of CDH18, and at 13q21 and 3p21.1, as well as an expected signal in the APOE/APOC1/TOMM40 region. These results replicated in an independent sample. Functional and bioinformatic analyses supported many of these loci and further implicated POC1. We showed that polygenic score for verbal learning associated with brain activation in right parieto-occipital region during working memory task. Finally, we showed genetic correlations of these memory traits with several neurocognitive and health outcomes. Our findings suggest a role of several genomic loci in verbal memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Turku Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Samuli Tuominen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Alexa Beiser
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Katharina Bey
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janie Corley
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gail Davies
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eske M Derks
- Translational Neurogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alison E Fohner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute of Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Myriam Fornage
- McGovern Medical School, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zachary Gerring
- Translational Neurogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Francine Grodstein
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Assocation, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eleanor Simonsick
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina Karell
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria J Knol
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole A Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John B Kwok
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Markus Leber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max Lam
- Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Teresa Lee
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anu Loukola
- Helsinki Biobank, University of Helsinki Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tobias Luck
- Department of Economic and Social Sciences & Institute of Social Medicine, Rehabilitation Sciences and Healthcare Research, University of Applied Sciences Nordhausen, Nordhausen, Germany
- University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Saira S Mirza
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Adrienne O'Donnell
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- Clinical Research Design, IT and Statistical Support Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Jodie Painter
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alison Pattie
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Vijay Sadashivaiah
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter W Schofield
- Neuropsychiatry Service, Hunter New England Local Health District, Charlestown, NSW, Australia
| | - Katharina E Schraut
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rodney J Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeannette Simino
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Assocation, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Social Research, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David J Stott
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stella Trompet
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arno Villringer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert S Wilson
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rui Xia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Habil Zare
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, NA, US
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St George's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Clinical Research Design, IT and Statistical Support Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron L Goldman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Venkata S Mattay
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Heath Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Martin Scherer
- Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter R Schofield
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - John M Starr
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Julian Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William Ulrich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Debette
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU Bordeaux), Department of Neurology, Bordeaux, France
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Helsinki, Singapore
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Köster M, Gruber T. Rhythms of human attention and memory: An embedded process perspective. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:905837. [PMID: 36277046 PMCID: PMC9579292 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.905837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains a dogma in cognitive neuroscience to separate human attention and memory into distinct modules and processes. Here we propose that brain rhythms reflect the embedded nature of these processes in the human brain, as evident from their shared neural signatures: gamma oscillations (30–90 Hz) reflect sensory information processing and activated neural representations (memory items). The theta rhythm (3–8 Hz) is a pacemaker of explicit control processes (central executive), structuring neural information processing, bit by bit, as reflected in the theta-gamma code. By representing memory items in a sequential and time-compressed manner the theta-gamma code is hypothesized to solve key problems of neural computation: (1) attentional sampling (integrating and segregating information processing), (2) mnemonic updating (implementing Hebbian learning), and (3) predictive coding (advancing information processing ahead of the real time to guide behavior). In this framework, reduced alpha oscillations (8–14 Hz) reflect activated semantic networks, involved in both explicit and implicit mnemonic processes. Linking recent theoretical accounts and empirical insights on neural rhythms to the embedded-process model advances our understanding of the integrated nature of attention and memory – as the bedrock of human cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Köster
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Moritz Köster,
| | - Thomas Gruber
- Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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Gomez-Verjan JC, Esparza-Aguilar M, Martin-Martin V, Salazar-Perez C, Cadena-Trejo C, Gutierrez-Robledo LM, Arroyo P. DNA methylation profile of a rural cohort exposed to early-adversity and malnutrition: An exploratory analysis. Exp Gerontol 2022; 167:111899. [PMID: 35907475 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Barker's hypothesis affirms that undernourishment in early-life induces metabolic reprogramming that compromises organism functions later in life, leading to age-related diseases. We are exposed to environmental and social conditions that impact our life trajectories, leading to ageing phenotypes as we grow. Epigenetic mechanisms constitute the link between both external stimuli and genetic programming. Studies have focused on describing the effect of early adverse events such as trauma, famines, or childhood labor on epigenetic markers in adulthood and the elderly. However, we lack information on epigenetic programming in individuals born in rural communities from underdeveloped countries, exposed to negative influences during fetal and postnatal development, particularly chronic malnutrition. Hence, in this exploratory analysis, we characterize the epigenome of individuals and some parents from Tlaltizapan (a rural community in Mexico originally studied almost 50 years ago) and collect anthropometric data on growth and development, as well on the living conditions of the families. Our results help build a biological hypothesis indicating that most of the epigenetic age measures of the subjects are significantly different among them. Interestingly, the most affected methylated regions correspond to pathways involved in neuronal system development, reproductive behaviour, learning and memory regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Gomez-Verjan
- Direccion de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, INGER, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | | | | | - C Cadena-Trejo
- Direccion de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, INGER, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - P Arroyo
- Direccion de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, INGER, Mexico City, Mexico
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Liu B, Li X, Theeuwes J, Wang B. Long-term memory retrieval bypasses working memory. Neuroimage 2022; 261:119513. [PMID: 35882271 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, it has been assumed that when humans retrieve information from long-term memory (LTM), information need first to be brought back into working memory (WM). However, as WM capacity is limited, it is unclear what happens if information from LTM needs to be retrieved while WM is fully engaged? To address this question, observers had to retrieve colors from LTM while WM storage capacity was fully engaged. The behavioral results showed that retrieving information from LTM is possible even when WM capacity is fully occupied. Additional evidence from electroencephalogram (EEG) confirmed that WM was fully engaged as the suppression of alpha oscillation reached its maximum when memorizing the maximum amount of information into WM; yet the suppression in alpha oscillation was even further amplified when items were retrieved simultaneously from LTM, providing a neural signature of additional LTM retrieval capacity above and beyond the maximum WM capacity. Together, our findings indicate that information retrieved from LTM does not always have to be brought back into WM, but instead might be accessed through a different mechanism when WM is fully engaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiwei Liu
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China; Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jan Theeuwes
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Benchi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, China.
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45
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Vivian SR, Dumbell L, Wilkinson K. Perceptions of How Education Has Prepared UK Veterinary Nurses for Their Professional Role. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 50:e20220017. [PMID: 35797483 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Assessing how prepared individuals are for a career pathway is essential if job satisfaction and retention are to be considered within an industry. Determining how training prepares registered veterinary nurses (RVNs) will therefore provide employers and educators with valuable information about how education is meeting expectations and demands. A positivist, quantitative approach led to a cross-sectional study via an online questionnaire reaching 141 RVNs. Participants were demographically profiled prior to differences being determined between data sets using the Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U tests. All educational routes and job roles generated different scores for preparedness for the duties carried out; however, the main differences were between degree and diploma routes, with diploma-route students suggesting that they were prepared in more subject areas. A variety of qualification routes are available to a veterinary nurse in the UK, which must be considered when reviewing preparedness and making suggestions for educational reform. Further research is needed to support these findings in relation to the roles of the educator, the employer, and the veterinary nurse to allow for an unbiased understanding of preparedness, which could have links to job satisfaction.
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46
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da Silva ER, Rodrigues Menezes IR, Brys I. Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Memory of Elderly People with Mild Cognitive Impairment or Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2022; 14:11795735221106887. [PMID: 35769949 PMCID: PMC9234827 DOI: 10.1177/11795735221106887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is one of the most studied non-invasive neuromodulation techniques, presenting itself as a promising technique for several pathologies, such as cognitive decline. Objectives The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the effects of tDCS on the memory of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease, in order to describe the main protocols used, and to investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of this technique. Data Sources and Methods 869 studies reporting controlled clinical trials were found in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, PsycArticles and Scielo, from which 13 met the expected requirements and were included in the final analysis. Results There was a great variability in the stimulation protocols used in the studies; and methodological weaknesses were observed, such as absence of sample size calculation, and of information on effect sizes. Positive effects of tDCS were observed only in five studies, and the combination of stimulation and cognitive training did not seem to potentiate the effects of tDCS. Conclusion Although tDCS can be considered a technique with important therapeutic potential, more studies are needed to understand the acute effects of tDCS on memory of elderly people and the durability of these effects over time. Registration PROSPERO (CRD-42020200573).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliclebysson Rodrigo da Silva
- Research Group in Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Italo Ramon Rodrigues Menezes
- Research Group in Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil.,Psychology Faculty, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Ivani Brys
- Research Group in Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
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47
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Bonk S, Kirchner K, Ameling S, Garvert L, Völzke H, Nauck M, Völker U, Grabe HJ, Van der Auwera S. APOE ε4 in Depression-Associated Memory Impairment—Evidence from Genetic and MicroRNA Analyses. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071560. [PMID: 35884866 PMCID: PMC9313258 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of this study was to replicate a reported interaction between APOE ε4 status and depression on memory function in two independent, nondemented samples from the general population and to examine the potential role of circulating plasma miRNAs. (2) Methods: The impact of the APOE ε4 allele on verbal memory and the interaction with depression is investigated in two large general-population cohorts from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP, total n = 6286). Additionally, biological insights are gained by examining the potential role of circulating plasma miRNAs as potential epigenetic regulators. Analyses are performed using linear regression models adjusted for relevant biological and environmental covariates. (3) Results: Current depression as well as carrying the APOE ε4 allele were associated with impaired memory performance, with increasing effect for subjects with both risk factors. In a subcohort with available miRNA data subjects with current depressive symptoms and carrying APOE e4 revealed reduced levels of hsa-miR-107, a prominent risk marker for early Alzheimer’s Disease. (4) Conclusions: Our results confirm the effect of depressive symptoms and APOE ε4 status on memory performance. Additionally, miRNA analysis identified hsa-miR-107 as a possible biological link between APOE ε4, depressive symptoms, and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bonk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.B.); (K.K.); (L.G.); (H.J.G.)
| | - Kevin Kirchner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.B.); (K.K.); (L.G.); (H.J.G.)
| | - Sabine Ameling
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (S.A.); (U.V.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (H.V.); (M.N.)
| | - Linda Garvert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.B.); (K.K.); (L.G.); (H.J.G.)
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (H.V.); (M.N.)
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (H.V.); (M.N.)
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (S.A.); (U.V.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (H.V.); (M.N.)
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.B.); (K.K.); (L.G.); (H.J.G.)
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.B.); (K.K.); (L.G.); (H.J.G.)
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence:
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48
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Wang Y, Zheng L. A Novel Deep Framework for English Communication Based on Educational Psychology Perspective. Front Public Health 2022; 10:916101. [PMID: 35801240 PMCID: PMC9253416 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.916101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of verbal reading practices on learning is examined from the perspective of educational psychology, using the motivation theory and the schema theory. This research intends to enhance learner's English communication abilities in response to the needs for national economic growth and scientific and technological development. To motivate students to improve their English, the research may address the issue of inadequate opportunities by adding an artificial intelligence (AI) conversation mechanism to the students speaking English exercise. First, cognitive psychology is analyzed in detail, and a model based on cognitive psychology is implemented to solve the problems existing in student's English communication. In addition, various measures are presented and used to increase student's oral English communication abilities. We used sixty students from North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power are separated into two classes: Class A and Class B. The experimental group is called Class A, while the control group is called Class B. Following a comparison of the outcomes obtained before and after training. The experimental group's reading comprehension, responding to questions, situational conversation, and subject description scores rose by 13.33, 15.19, 17.39, and 28.3 %, respectively. The overall average score of the class climbed by 17.75 %, whereas the scores of pupils in Class B improved just an undersized. The results reveal that following the vocalized reading exercise, the student's English grades, self-efficacy, and topic knowledge increased considerably in the experimental group. Moreover, the proposed model, employs computer simulation in the English communication teaching system and AI, which can aid in the creation of an interactive learning environment for students to improve their spoken English and English communication abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Foreign Studies, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang
| | - Liang Zheng
- School of Foreign Languages, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou, China
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49
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Gould DJ, Sawarynski K, Mohiyeddini C. Academic Management in Uncertain Times: Shifting and Expanding the Focus of Cognitive Load Theory During COVID-19 Pandemic Education. Front Psychol 2022; 13:647904. [PMID: 35783760 PMCID: PMC9249437 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.647904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has forced medical education toward more "online education" approaches, causing specific implications to arise for medical educators and learners. Considering an unprecedented and highly threatening, constrained, and confusing social and educational environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, we decided to shift the traditional focus of the Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) from students to instructors. In this process, we considered recent suggestions to acknowledge the psychological environment in which learning happens. According to this fundamental fact, "Learning and instructional procedures do not occur in a situational vacuum." Following this assertion, we adapted and implemented principles of CLT to reduce the extraneous load for our faculty to facilitate continued scholarly activity and support the overall wellbeing of our faculty during these trying times. The adoption of these principles enabled our team to cultivate attitudes and skills across multiple domains, such as online presentation technologies, implementing and maintaining a "classroom atmosphere" in a virtual environment, encouraging discussion among large online groups of students, facilitating group work, providing virtual office hours, and proactively planning for subsequent sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Changiz Mohiyeddini
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, United States
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50
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Liu X, Sun C, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Shang J, Zhong Z, Zhu X, Yu X, Li RW. A flexible dual-gate hetero-synaptic transistor for spatiotemporal information processing. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2412-2419. [PMID: 36134138 PMCID: PMC9417048 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00146b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Artificial synapses based on electrolyte gated transistors with conductance modulation characteristics have demonstrated their great potential in emulating the memory functions in the human brain for neuromorphic computing. While previous studies are mostly focused on the emulation of the basic memory functions of homo-synapses using single-gate transistors, multi-gate transistors offer opportunities for the mimicry of more complex and advanced memory formation behaviors in biological hetero-synapses. In this work, we demonstrate an artificial hetero-synapse based on a dual-gate electrolyte transistor that can implement in situ spatiotemporal information integration and storage. We show that electric pulses applied on a single gate or unsynchronized electric pulses applied on dual gates only induce volatile conductance modulation for short-term memory emulation. In contrast, the device integrates the electric pulses coincidently applied on the dual gates in a supralinear manner and exhibits nonvolatile conductance modulation, enabling long-term memory emulation. Further studies prove that artificial neural networks based on such hetero-synaptic transistors can autonomously filter the random noise signals in the dual-gate inputs during spatiotemporal integration, facilitating the formation of accurate and stable memory. Compared to the single-gate synaptic transistor, the classification accuracy of MNIST handwritten digits using the hetero-synaptic transistor is improved from 89.3% to 99.0%. These findings demonstrate the great potential of multi-gate hetero-synaptic transistors in simulating complex spatiotemporal information processing functions and provide new platforms for the design of advanced neuromorphic computing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Liu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Cui Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Zhecheng Guo
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Yuejun Zhang
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University 339 Taiyu Road Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Zhicheng Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Xue Yu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
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