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Davis KM, Knauft K, Lewis L, Petriello M, Petrick L, Luca F, Joseph NT, Fritz H, Cutchin M, Rappaport L, Levy P, Engeland CG, Zilioli S. The heart of Detroit study: a window into urban middle-aged and older African Americans' daily lives to understand psychosocial determinants of cardiovascular disease risk. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:766. [PMID: 37853373 PMCID: PMC10585810 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease disproportionately affects African Americans. Psychosocial factors, including the experience of and emotional reactivity to racism and interpersonal stressors, contribute to the etiology and progression of cardiovascular disease through effects on health behaviors, stress-responsive neuroendocrine axes, and immune processes. The full pathway and complexities of these associations remain underexamined in African Americans. The Heart of Detroit Study aims to identify and model the biopsychosocial pathways that influence cardiovascular disease risk in a sample of urban middle-aged and older African American adults. METHODS The proposed sample will be composed of 500 African American adults between the ages of 55 and 75 from the Detroit urban area. This longitudinal study will consist of two waves of data collection, two years apart. Biomarkers of stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular surrogate endpoints (i.e., heart rate variability and blood pressure) will be collected at each wave. Ecological momentary assessments will characterize momentary and daily experiences of stress, affect, and health behaviors during the first wave. A proposed subsample of 60 individuals will also complete an in-depth qualitative interview to contextualize quantitative results. The central hypothesis of this project is that interpersonal stressors predict poor cardiovascular outcomes, cumulative physiological stress, poor sleep, and inflammation by altering daily affect, daily health behaviors, and daily physiological stress. DISCUSSION This study will provide insight into the biopsychosocial pathways through which experiences of stress and discrimination increase cardiovascular disease risk over micro and macro time scales among urban African American adults. Its discoveries will guide the design of future contextualized, time-sensitive, and culturally tailored behavioral interventions to reduce racial disparities in cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Davis
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Katherine Knauft
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Lena Lewis
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Michael Petriello
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Lauren Petrick
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Francesca Luca
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Nataria T Joseph
- Department of Psychology, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90265, USA
| | - Heather Fritz
- School of Occupational Therapy, Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, WA, 98901, USA
| | - Malcolm Cutchin
- School of Occupational Therapy, Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, WA, 98901, USA
| | - Lance Rappaport
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 1B4, Canada
| | - Phillip Levy
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Christopher G Engeland
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Samuele Zilioli
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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Han P, Zhang Y, Chen X, Liang Z, Yu X, Liu Y, Sang S, Mao J, Liu J, Chen W, Li J, Cheng Y, Zheng Y, Zhang Z, Li M, Guo Q. Poor Physical Capacity Combined With High Body Fat Percentage as an Independent Risk Factor for Incident Hypertension in Chinese Suburb-Dwelling Older Adults. Front Public Health 2022; 10:875041. [PMID: 35875029 PMCID: PMC9296771 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.875041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThis study examined the effects of poor physical capacity and high body fat percentage (BF%) on the incidence of hypertension in Chinese suburb-dwelling older adults.MethodsThis study was conducted on 368 Chinese suburb-dwelling participants aged ≥ 60 years without hypertension (mean age: 66.74 ± 5.59 years, 48.9% men). Poor physical capacity is defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria as grip strength < 26 kg for men and < 18 kg for women or walking speed <0.8 m/s. High BF% was defined as values that are greater than the upper tertile for BF% as stratified by sex. The outcome was the incidence of hypertension.ResultsOverall, 5.7% of subjects had both poor physical capacity and high BF%. After the average follow-up duration of 2 years, the incidence of hypertension was 39.7%, and those experiencing both poor physical capacity and high BF% had the highest incidence (81.0%). After multivariate adjustments, the incidence of hypertension was associated with the combination of poor physical capacity and high BF% [odds ratio (OR) = 6.43, 95% CI = 1.91–21.64] but not solely with poor physical capacity (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.55–2.25) or only high BF% (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 0.80–2.34).ConclusionThe combination of poor physical capacity and high BF% can significantly increase the incidence of hypertension in Chinese suburb-dwelling older adults. For hypertension prevention, ideally, we should strive toward decreasing body fat mass while simultaneously improving physical capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenwen Liang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Yu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuewen Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijia Sang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayin Mao
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxuan Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuxiong Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Health Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junxue Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Health Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yazhou Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Health Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Ming Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Guo
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Wu CY, Mattek N, Wild K, Miller LM, Kaye JA, Silbert LC, Dodge HH. Can changes in social contact (frequency and mode) mitigate low mood before and during the COVID-19 pandemic? The I-CONECT project. J Am Geriatr Soc 2022; 70:669-676. [PMID: 34881436 PMCID: PMC8904274 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global outbreak allowed a natural experiment to observe how older adults changed social patterns and how it affected their emotional well-being. We studied the frequency and modes of social contact and their effects on older adults' mood before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Phone-based surveys were administered weekly before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. SETTING Participants were recruited from Portland, Oregon, and Detroit, Michigan. PARTICIPANTS Older adults ≥75 years old (n = 155, age = 81.0 ± 4.5, 72.3% women) were included in a randomized controlled trial, the Internet-Based Conversational Engagement Clinical Trial (I-CONECT). MEASUREMENTS Low mood was self-reported as feeling downhearted or blue for three or more days in the past week. Social contact was self-reported by the amount of time spent in interactions, with whom (family, friends, others), and via which modes (in-person, phone/video call, text/email/letter). RESULTS A total of 5525 weeks of data were derived from 155 participants. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, average social interaction time spent in-person, on phone/video call, and via text/email/letter was 406, 141, and 68 min/week, respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic, time spent in-person was reduced by 135 min/week, while time spent via phone/video call and writing increased by 33 and 26 mins/week, respectively. In-person family contact was associated with less low mood regardless of the pandemic (odds ratio = 0.92, p < 0.05). There was a COVID-19 × text/email/letter with friends interaction (odds ratio = 0.77, p = 0.03), suggesting that during the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase of 1 h of writing with friends per week was associated with a 23% decrease in the likelihood of experiencing low mood. CONCLUSION The lost in-person time relating to COVID-19 restrictions tended to be partially compensated for with increased calls and writing time, although overall social interaction time decreased. During the COVID-19 pandemic, at least two types of social interactions (writing to friends and in-person family time) showed promise for mitigating low mood for older adults with limited social resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon,Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nora Mattek
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon,Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon
| | - Katherine Wild
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon,Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lyndsey M. Miller
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon,School of Nursing, OHSU, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jeffrey A. Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon,Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lisa C. Silbert
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon,Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon,Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Hiroko H. Dodge
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon,Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon
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Pham LT, Yamanaka K, Miyamoto Y, Waki H, Gouraud SSS. Estradiol-dependent gene expression profile in the amygdala of young ovariectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:99-114. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00082.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen plays a role in cardiovascular functions, emotional health, and energy homeostasis via estrogen receptors expressed in the brain. The comorbid relationship between rising blood pressure, a decline in mood and motivation, and body weight gain after menopause, when estrogen levels drop, suggests that the same brain area(s) contributes to protection from all of these postmenopausal disorders. The amygdala, a major limbic system nucleus known to express high estrogen receptor levels, is involved in the regulation of such physiological and psychological responses. We hypothesized that elevated estrogen levels contribute to premenopausal characteristics by activating specific genes and pathways in the amygdala. We examined the effect of 1-month estradiol treatment on the gene expression profile in the amygdala of ovariectomized young adult female spontaneously hypertensive rats. Estradiol substitution significantly decreased blood pressure, prevented body weight gain, and enhanced the voluntary physical activity of ovariectomized rats. In the amygdala of ovariectomized rats, estradiol treatment downregulated the expression of genes associated with estrogen signaling, cholinergic synapse, dopaminergic synapse, and long-term depression pathways. These findings indicate that the transcriptomic characteristics of the amygdala may be involved in estrogen-dependent regulation of blood pressure, physical activity motivation, and body weight control in young adult female spontaneously hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh T Pham
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Yamanaka
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health and Sports Sciences, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Hidefumi Waki
- Department of Physiolgy, Graduate School of Health and Sports Sciences, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sabine S. S. Gouraud
- College of Liberal Arts, Department of Natural Sciences, International Christian University, Tokyo, 東京都, Japan
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Lindert J, Paul KC, Lachman Margie E, Ritz B, Seeman T. Social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the United States. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1875-1884. [PMID: 33864472 PMCID: PMC8522181 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Limited research is available on the relationship between social stress and risk of declining cognition. We sought to examine whether social stress has adverse effects on risk of declining episodic memory and executive functioning in aging individuals. We used data from the MIDUS study, a national probability sample of non-institutionalized, English speaking respondents aged 25-74 living in the 48 contiguous states of the United States. The initial wave (1995) included 4963 non-institutionalized adults aged 32-84 (M = 55, SD = 12.4). We used an analytic sample from MIDUS-II (1996/1997) and MIDUS-III (2013) (n = 1821). The dependent variables are episodic memory and executive functioning, which were assessed with the Brief Test for Cognition (BTACT). The independent variables were social stress variables (subjective social status, family and marital stress, work stress and discrimination). To evaluate episodic memory and executive functioning changes over a time period of 10 years, we estimated adjusted linear regression models. Women report significantly lower subjective social status and more discrimination stress than men across all age groups. Controlling for education and income, age, and baseline episodic memory and executive functioning, lower subjective social status had additional adverse effects on declines in episodic memory in men and women. Marital risk had adverse effects on episodic memory in men but not in women. Daily discrimination had adverse effects on executive functioning on all individuals. Public health strategies should focus on reducing social stress in a socio-ecological perspective. Especially, subjective social status and discrimination stress might be a target for prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Lindert
- Department of Health and Social Work, University of Applied Sciences Emden/Leer, Constantiaplatz 4, 22687, Emden, Germany. .,Women's Research Center at Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA, 02453, USA.
| | - Kimberley C. Paul
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California At Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - E. Lachman Margie
- The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02453 USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California At Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Teresa Seeman
- Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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Cofie LE, Hirth JM, Lee JGL. Social Support Networks and Foreign-Birth Status Associated With Obesity, Hypertension and Diabetes Prevalence Among 21-30 and 50-70 Year Old Adults Living in the San Francisco Bay Area. Am J Health Promot 2021; 35:1105-1113. [PMID: 34000826 PMCID: PMC9933210 DOI: 10.1177/08901171211016320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine whether social network characteristics of US-and foreign-born individuals are related to hypertension, diabetes and obesity prevalence. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Six San Francisco Bay Area counties. PARTICIPANTS N = 1153 cohorts of young and older adults (21-30 and 50-70 years). MEASURES Network structure and support measures were calculated using name elicitation and interpreter questions common in egocentric surveys. Hypertension and diabetes were self-reported, and overweight/obesity was determined using body mass index calculations. Foreign-birth status was based on country of birth. ANALYSIS Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models were used to examine associations between network characteristics and hypertension, diabetes and overweight/obesity. These relationships were tested for moderation by foreign-birth status, age and gender. RESULTS Higher percentages of family members (AOR = 4.16, CI: 1.61-10.76) and same-sex individuals (AOR = 3.41, CI: 1.25-9.35) in the composition of respondents' networks were associated with overweight/obesity. Higher composition of family members (AOR = 3.54, CI: 1.09-11.48) was associated with hypertension. Respondents whose networks composed of higher numbers of advice individuals (AOR = 0.88, CI: 0.77-0.99), female respondents (AOR = 0.52, CI: 0.35-0.77) and foreign-born respondents (AOR = 0.54, CI: 0.32-0.92) were less likely to report overweight/obesity. Diabetes was associated with higher composition of individuals living within 5-minutes to respondents (AOR = 5.13, CI: 1.04-25.21). CONCLUSION Family and network support members such as advice individuals could be potential targets for chronic disease prevention, particularly among older adults and immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E. Cofie
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University,Corresponding author: East Carolina University, 2309 Belk Building, Greenville, NC 27858, 252-328-5995,
| | - Jacqueline M. Hirth
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women’s Health, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch
| | - Joseph G L Lee
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University
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Socioeconomic disparities and risk of hypertension among older Americans: the Health and Retirement Study. J Hypertens 2021; 39:2497-2505. [PMID: 34387572 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing hypertension represents a critical point of intervention to lower the burden of cardiovascular disease worldwide. Although the relationship between lower socioeconomic status and higher rates of hypertension is well documented, most of the evidence comes from prevalence studies involving young adult population. AIM To investigate the independent association of wealth, education and income with incident hypertension among older adults living in the United States. METHODS This cohort study included 16 587 individuals aged 50 years and older, free of hypertension and cardiovascular disease at baseline from the Health and Retirement Study over the period 1992-2014. We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine longitudinal associations between wealth, education, and income at baseline and self-reported diagnosis of incident hypertension. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 7.8 years, 6817 participants declared an occurrence of hypertension (incidence rate: 45.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 44.2-46.4] per 1000 person-years). Overall, those in low as compared with high socioeconomic status groups had a higher risk of developing hypertension in late life. In particular, adjusted hazard ratios [95% CI] across decreasing wealth quartiles were 1.0 (reference), 0.97 [0.88-1.08], 1.17 [1.05-1.30], and 1.20 [1.07-1.35] in men, and 1.0 (reference), 1.28 [1.17-1.41], 1.21 [1.09-1.33], and 1.28 [1.16-1.42] in women. In multivariate analyses, wealth remained strongly associated with incident hypertension among women after accounting for other socioeconomic, behavioral and anthropometric risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic status, especially wealth, is a strong independent predictor of incident hypertension in older adults. Our findings support population-based interventions tailored to those in disadvantaged socioeconomic groups to reduce the risk of hypertension.
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Igreja V, Colaizzi J, Brekelmans A. Legacies of civil wars: A 14-year study of social conflicts and well-being outcomes in farming economies. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY 2021; 72:426-447. [PMID: 33368164 PMCID: PMC8247410 DOI: 10.1111/1468-4446.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Community processes to address fractured social relationships and well-being remain the least examined dimensions in studies of legacies of civil wars. This article addresses these limitations by analyzing how the wartime and postwar generations have negotiated the legacies of the civil war (1976-1992) in a farming economy region in Mozambique. Based on a 14-year (2002-2015) study of community courts in Mozambique, we analyzed the types of social conflicts and the associations with gender, age, risk factors, self-described health impairments, and the timing of farming activities. We identified n = 3,456 participants and found that perennial sources of disputes were related to family formation and maintenance, defamation, accusations of perpetration of serious civil wartime violations, mistrust, debts, and domestic violence. Furthermore, conflict relations were associated with gender, age, risk factors, and health problems. This study concludes that civil wars have lasting multifaceted legacies, but generational tensions, availability of community institutions, and economic resources shape social relationships and well-being outcomes while averting revenge cycles among civilian war survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Igreja
- School of Humanities and CommunicationUniversity of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQLDAustralia
| | | | - Alana Brekelmans
- School of Social SciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
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Chen S, Calderón-Larrañaga A, Saadeh M, Dohrn IM, Welmer AK. Correlations of subjective and social wellbeing with sedentary behavior and physical activity in older adults - a population-based study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1789-1795. [PMID: 33674835 PMCID: PMC8436992 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subjective and social well-being, avoiding sedentary behavior (SB), and engaging in physical activity (PA) are important factors for health in older adults, but the extent to which they are related to each other remains unclear. We aimed to investigate these correlations, and whether they differ by age. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out in 595 people aged 66 years and older, from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen. Subjective and social well-being (life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, social connections, social support, and social participation) were assessed through validated questionnaires and activPAL3 accelerometers provided information on SB and PA. Data were analyzed using multi-adjusted quantile regression models. Results Higher positive affect was significantly associated with less daily sitting time (β = −27.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −47.77, −6.39) and higher levels of light PA (LPA) (β = 40.67, 95% CI: 21.06, 60.28). Higher levels of social support and social participation were associated with less daily sitting time (β = −22.79, 95% CI: −39.97, −5.62; and β = −21.22, 95% CI: −39.99, −2.44) and more time in LPA (β = 23.86, 95% CI: 4.91, 42.81; and β = 25.37, 95% CI: 6.27, 44.47). Stratified analyses suggested that the associations of positive affect and social participation were strongest for individuals aged 80 years and older. Conclusions Our results suggest that older adults with higher levels of subjective and social well-being spend less time sitting and engage more in PA. This was especially evident among the oldest-old individuals. Future research should longitudinally investigate the directionality of these correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Chen
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Marguerita Saadeh
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Ing-Mari Dohrn
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Sweden.,Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Welmer
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Sweden.,Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Allied Health Professionals, Function Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
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Shane J, Luerssen A, Carmichael CL. Friends, family, and romantic partners: Three critical relationships in older women's lives. J Women Aging 2020; 33:378-395. [PMID: 33135603 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2020.1838238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
How are different social relationships jointly and uniquely associated with older women's health and well-being, and what is the directionality of these associations? We address these questions using longitudinal data from the Midlife in the United States study. We find that relationship quality with romantic partners, family, and friends is positively linked with better health and well-being concurrently and longitudinally. Cross-lagged analyses indicate that romantic relationships are more predictive of than predicted by health and well-being, family relationships are more predicted by than predictive of health and well-being, and friendships are both predicted by and predictive of health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Shane
- Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anna Luerssen
- Lehman College, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
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11
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Miething A, Almquist YB. Childhood peer status and circulatory disease in adulthood: a prospective cohort study in Stockholm, Sweden. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036095. [PMID: 32933959 PMCID: PMC7493119 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Childhood conditions have been recognised as important predictors of short-term and long-term health outcomes, but few studies have considered status position in the peer group as a possible determinant of adult health. Lower peer status, which often reflects experiences of marginalisation and rejection by peers, may impose inequality experiences and leave long-lasting imprints on health. The present study aimed to examine whether peer status is associated with the risk for circulatory disease in adulthood. DESIGN Prospective cohort study based on the Stockholm Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study(SBC Multigen). SETTING Stockholm metropolitan area. PARTICIPANTS All individuals who were born in 1953 and resident in the greater metropolitan area of Stockholm in 1963 (n=14 608). The analytical sample consisted of 5410 males and 5990 females. Peer status was sociometrically assessed in cohort members at age 13. The survey material was linked to inpatient care registers that contained information about circulatory diseases (n=1668) across ages 20-63. Cox proportional hazard models were used for the analysis. OUTCOME MEASURE Circulatory disease. RESULTS Peer marginalisation at age 13 resulted in significantly higher risks of circulatory disease in adulthood among males (HR 1.34; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.64) and females (HR 1.33; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.70) alike. A graded relationship between peer status and circulatory diseases was detected in females (p=0.023). Among males there was a threshold effect, showing that only those in the lowest status position had significantly increased risks of circulatory disease. The associations remained significant after adjusting for various conditions in childhood and adulthood. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that circulatory diseases in adulthood may be traceable to low peer status and marginalisation in childhood. It is suggested that peer status in late childhood may precede social integration in adolescence and adulthood, acting as a long-term stressor that contributes to circulatory disease through biological, behavioural and psychosocial pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Miething
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Birditt KS, Sherman CW, Polenick CA, Becker L, Webster NJ, Ajrouch KJ, Antonucci TC. So Close and Yet So Irritating: Negative Relations and Implications for Well-being by Age and Closeness. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 75:327-337. [PMID: 29596623 PMCID: PMC7179808 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gby038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Negative social relationships are associated with poor health, chronic illness, and mortality. Yet, we know little about the dynamics of negative aspects of relationships within individual's closest relationships over time, how those experiences vary by age, and the implications of those relationships for well-being. METHOD A total of 592 participants (ages 25-97; M = 57.5; 63.3% women) from the Social Relations Study completed monthly web surveys for up to 12 months. Each month they reported negative relationship quality with their three closest network members and multiple dimensions of well-being (positive affect, negative affect, self-rated health, and sleep quality). RESULTS Multilevel models revealed older individuals reported less negativity in their relationships than younger people, but fewer age differences in the closest tie. Greater negative relationship quality predicted poor well-being (i.e., greater negative affect, sleep problems). Links between negative relations and well-being were less strong among older individuals; especially in the closest ties. DISCUSSION Results were partially consistent with the strength and vulnerability integration (SAVI) model, which proposes fewer age-related improvements in emotion regulation when individuals are unable to avoid tensions. Despite feeling just as negative as younger individuals, older individuals may be more resilient to tensions in their closest relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira S Birditt
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Carey W Sherman
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | | | - Lucia Becker
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Noah J Webster
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Kristine J Ajrouch
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.,Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti
| | - Toni C Antonucci
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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13
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Jang Y, Choi EY, Rhee MK, Park NS, Chiriboga DA, Kim MT. Determinants of Self-rated Cognitive Health among Older Korean Americans. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2020; 60:250-258. [PMID: 31618436 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In response to the dearth of information on cognitive health in older ethnic minorities, in the present study, we examined factors associated with self-rated cognitive health (SRCH) in older Korean Americans. Drawing from the World Health Organization's framework of social determinants of health, we examined how a broad spectrum of factors might influence the way in which older Korean Americans perceive and evaluate their own cognitive health. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using data from the Study of Older Korean Americans (SOKA; N = 2,061, mean age = 73.2), a series of hierarchical linear regression models of SRCH was tested with sequential entry of predictors: (1) Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of cognitive status, (2) demographic variables, (3) physical and mental health status, (4) health behaviors, and (5) socio-cultural and community factors. RESULTS In addition to cognitive screening outcomes, each set of variables made a significant contribution to the predictive model of SRCH. Positive ratings of cognitive health were observed among older individuals with greater education, good physical and mental health, involvement in regular exercise, and socio-cultural resources (social networks, acculturation, and family solidarity). DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS The SRCH of older adults goes beyond cognitive screening outcomes, suggesting a need to incorporate the various sources of social determinants when seeking to promote the cognitive health of older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Jang
- Edward R. Roybal Institute on Aging, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Min-Kyoung Rhee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Nan Sook Park
- School of Social Work, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - David A Chiriboga
- Department of Child and Family Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Miyong T Kim
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin
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14
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Review of the Association Between Number of Social Roles and Cardiovascular Disease: Graded or Threshold Effect? Psychosom Med 2020; 82:471-486. [PMID: 32515924 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is increasing evidence for an inverse association between the number of social roles (e.g., spouse, friend, and neighbor) we engage in and our risk of disease, especially cardiovascular disease (CVD). Two mechanistic models have been proposed to explain this association. The social integration model refers to a graded association where every additional social role is associated with an increase in resistance to disease. The social isolation model refers to a threshold effect where the lack of a minimal criterion number of roles increases risk of disease. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of prospective studies examining the association between number of social roles and CVD risk. RESULTS When we include all studies assessing number of social roles, irrespective of whether associations are attributable to graded effects (social integration) and threshold effects (social isolation) or cannot be determined by the data presented, those holding fewer social roles were found to be at greater risk of CVD incidence, CVD mortality (evidence stronger for men than women), and greater progression of disease (only for short [≤5 years] follow-ups). However, closer analyses indicate that the association between a greater number of social roles and decreased CVD incidence was attributable to graded effects among men but to both effects among women. In contrast, the association of number of social roles and disease progression was driven by threshold effects (social isolation) for both sexes, whereas mortality studies included evidence for both effects. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest underlying mechanisms linking social roles to different CVD outcomes.
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15
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Birditt KS, Polenick CA, Luong G, Charles ST, Fingerman KL. Daily interpersonal tensions and well-being among older adults: The role of emotion regulation strategies. Psychol Aging 2020; 35:578-590. [PMID: 31670541 PMCID: PMC7996125 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Interpersonal tensions are more strongly associated with well-being than other types of stressors in late life. Yet, there is little understanding of how older adults' preferences for different emotion regulation strategies may buffer or exacerbate effects of daily interpersonal tensions on emotional well-being. The present study examined links between interpersonal tensions and daily emotional well-being and whether those links were exacerbated or buffered by general emotion regulation strategy preferences. Participants were from the Daily Experiences and Well-Being Study, which included 293 older adults (aged 65 + years old) who completed baseline interviews, followed by 5-6 days of ecological momentary assessments, and a leave-behind questionnaire regarding emotion regulation strategies. Interpersonal tensions predicted poorer emotional well-being throughout the day and even more so for oldest-old individuals (aged 80 +) compared to young-old individuals. The effects of tensions on emotional well-being were attenuated among adults who generally preferred reappraisal and exacerbated among people who generally preferred avoidance. Reappraisal was particularly important for buffering the effects of tensions among individuals with poorer self-reported health. The findings regarding active coping were more nuanced and varied by age. The current study advances previous research on emotion regulation and social relations by examining older adults and revealing that links between interpersonal tensions, emotion regulation strategies, and emotional well-being vary on the basis of age and self-rated health. This study highlights the importance of considering how personal characteristics may shape later-life well-being in the context of coping with interpersonal tensions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gloria Luong
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies
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16
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Cribbet MR, Smith TW, Uchino BN, Baucom BRW, Nealey-Moore JB. Autonomic influences on heart rate during marital conflict: Associations with high frequency heart rate variability and cardiac pre-ejection period. Biol Psychol 2020; 151:107847. [PMID: 31962138 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial factors predict the development and course of cardiovascular disease, perhaps through sympathetic and parasympathetic mechanisms. At rest, heart rate (HR) is under parasympathetic control, often measured as high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV). During stress, HR is influenced jointly by parasympathetic and sympathetic processes, the latter often quantified as pre-ejection period (PEP). In studies of cardiovascular risk factors that involve social interaction (e.g. marital conflict), HF-HRV might be altered by speech artifacts, weakening its validity as a measure of parasympathetic activity. To evaluate this possibility, we tested associations of HF-HRV and PEP with HR at rest and across periods of marital conflict interaction that varied in experimentally-manipulated degrees of speech in 104 couples. At rest, only HF-HRV was independently related to HR, for both husbands and wives. During speaking, listening, and recovery periods, husbands' and wives' HF-HRV and PEP change independently predicted HR change. These findings support interpretation of HF-HRV as a parasympathetic index during stressful social interactions that may confer risk for cardiovascular disease.
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17
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Guevara JE, Murdock KW. High social strain and physical health: Examining the roles of anxious arousal, body mass index, and inflammation. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 106:155-160. [PMID: 30986751 PMCID: PMC6589132 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Social relationships have powerful effects on physical health. Indeed, high social strain (i.e., frequent negative interactions with friends, family, or one's partner) increases risk of morbidity and mortality. Frequent social strain leads to anxious arousal and an increased body mass index (BMI), both of which may be underlying mechanisms for the association between social strain and health given that persistent anxious arousal promotes damaging biological and behavioral conditions contributing to increased inflammation. When chronic, heightened inflammation results in the deterioration of overall health. The purpose of the current study was to investigate anxious arousal, BMI, and inflammation as underlying mechanisms of the association between social strain and health. A sample of 763 middle aged adults participating in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS 2) study completed self-report measures of social strain, anxious arousal, and physical health. Blood collection and a physical examination were completed to measure BMI and inflammation. Using 5000 bootstrap samples, results indicated that greater social strain was associated with poorer self-reported health (SRH) due to the serial pathway from high anxious arousal to BMI and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin E. Guevara
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Kyle W. Murdock
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University
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18
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Howick J, Kelly P, Kelly M. Establishing a causal link between social relationships and health using the Bradford Hill Guidelines. SSM Popul Health 2019; 8:100402. [PMID: 31193417 PMCID: PMC6527915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An abundance of evidence suggests that the size and quality of our social relationships improves humans' physical and mental health while increasing lifespan. However most of this evidence comes from observational rather than experimental (randomised trial) evidence, leaving open the possibility that the connection between social relationships and health could be associational rather than causal. However there are examples, including the link between smoking and lung cancer, where a cause was established without experimental evidence. This was sometimes achieved by looking at the totality of evidence, using the 'Bradford Hill Guidelines', which considers factors including the strength of association, reversibility, and evidence of a plausible mechanism. In this paper we apply the Bradford Hill Guidelines to the link between social relationships and health. We conclude that having strong and supportive social relationships causes better health and longer life. Beyond establishing that social relationships are a causal factor for health, the method we used here can be applied to other areas where randomised trials are unethical or not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Howick
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Science, Faculty of Philosophy, 32 Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Kelly
- University of Edinburgh, Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences (SPEHS), Moray House School of Education, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Kelly
- University of Cambridge, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, United Kingdom
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19
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Abstract
After over 70 years of research on the association between stressful life events and health, it is generally accepted that we have a good understanding of the role of stressors in disease risk. In this review, we highlight that knowledge but also emphasize misunderstandings and weaknesses in this literature with the hope of triggering further theoretical and empirical development. We organize this review in a somewhat provocative manner, with each section focusing on an important issue in the literature where we feel that there has been some misunderstanding of the evidence and its implications. Issues that we address include the definition of a stressful event, characteristics of diseases that are impacted by events, differences in the effects of chronic and acute events, the cumulative effects of events, differences in events across the life course, differences in events for men and women, resilience to events, and methodological challenges in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheldon Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; ,
| | - Michael L M Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; ,
| | - Aric A Prather
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94118, USA;
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20
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Wang Y, Matz-Costa C. Gender differences in the effect of social resources and social status on the retirement satisfaction and health of retirees. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2019; 62:86-107. [PMID: 29768108 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2018.1474156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the effect of positive and negative social support, social reciprocity, and subjective social status on the retirement satisfaction and health of retirees and gender differences therein. Using cross-sectional data from the 2010 and 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we found that social support seems to matter more for the retirement satisfaction and health of women, while social reciprocity matters more for the health of men and subjective social status for the retirement satisfaction of men. Implications for the development of social programs and policies over the life course are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Wang
- a School of Social Work , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , MA , USA
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21
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Kabo FW, Antonucci TC, Jackson JS. A Social Relations and Networks Perspective of Depressive Symptoms in Older African Americans Relative to Two Other Ethno-racial Groups. Innov Aging 2019; 3:igz001. [PMID: 30801040 PMCID: PMC6379051 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Family ties and role relationships through their effects on exchanges of resources and social support are critical health contexts for older African Americans. We studied the influence of affect-based (positive or negative) social relations and respondent-role network centrality on depressive symptoms in older African Americans compared to two ethno-racial groups, Black Caribbeans and Non-Hispanic Whites. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used data from the multigenerational 2004 National Survey of American Life Family Connections across Generations and Nations Study (NSAL 3-Gen). For respondents aged 50 years or older, we used tie affect (positive or negative) to code family role relations and two-mode (where an entity or thing is connected to a different type of entity, here individuals are connected to role relations) family networks. We used survey linear regressions to probe the independent association of relations and networks on depressive symptoms among older African Americans as compared to Black Caribbeans and Non-Hispanic Whites. RESULTS Negative and positive relations are significantly associated with depressive symptoms, but there were some ethno-racial differences. For example, the negative Father relation is significantly associated with greater depressive symptoms among African Americans, but not in Black Caribbeans and Non-Hispanic Whites. Negative two-mode networks (connections from individuals to role relations) are significantly associated with depressive symptoms among African Americans and in the two comparison ethno-racial groups, while there is no significant association between positive networks and depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS We found that negative relations had larger effects on depressive symptoms than positive ones, and conversely that negative networks had larger effects than positive networks. Simultaneously modeling social relations and networks could potentially enhance our understanding of the links between social structure, and depressive symptoms among older adults in African American and other ethno-racial minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felichism W Kabo
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Toni C Antonucci
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - James S Jackson
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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22
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Murphy MLM, Janicki-Deverts D, Cohen S. Receiving a hug is associated with the attenuation of negative mood that occurs on days with interpersonal conflict. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203522. [PMID: 30281606 PMCID: PMC6169869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal touch is emerging as an important topic in the study of adult relationships, with recent research showing that such behaviors can promote better relationship functioning and individual well-being. This investigation considers whether being hugged is associated with reduced conflict-related decreases in positive affect and increases in negative affect as well as whether these associations differ between women and men. A sample of 404 adults were interviewed every night for 14 consecutive days about their conflicts, hug receipt, and positive and negative affect. Results indicated that there was an interaction between hug receipt and conflict exposure such that receiving a hug was associated with a smaller conflict-related decrease in positive affect and a smaller conflict-related increase in negative affect when assessed concurrently. Hug receipt was also prospectively associated with a smaller conflict-related increase in next day negative affect but was not associated with next day positive affect. Associations between hug receipt and conflict-related changes in affect did not differ between women and men, between individuals who were married or in a marital-like relationship and those who were not, or as a function of individual differences in baseline perceived social support. While correlational, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that hugs buffer against deleterious changes in affect associated with experiencing interpersonal conflict. Possible mechanisms through which hugs facilitate positive adaptation to conflict are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. M. Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Denise Janicki-Deverts
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sheldon Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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23
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Jones EJ, Chen E, Levine CS, Lam PH, Liu VY, Schreier HMC. Aspects of the parent-child relationship and parent metabolic outcomes. J Behav Med 2018; 42:204-216. [PMID: 30264257 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-018-9975-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Much is known about the effect of parent-child relationships on child health; less is known about how parent-child relationships influence parent health. To assess the association between aspects of the parent-child relationship and parent metabolic outcomes, and whether these associations are moderated by parent gender. Five metabolic outcomes (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, total cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin) were assessed among 261 parents (45.83 ± 5.50 years) of an adolescent child (14.57 ± 1.072 years). Parents completed questionnaires assessing their child's hassles and the quality of their days with their child. Parents' perceptions of their child's hassles were associated with parent heart rate (B = 2.954, SE = 1.267, p = 0.021) and cholesterol (B = 0.028, SE = 0.011, p = 0.010), such that greater perceived child hassles were associated with higher heart rate and cholesterol levels, on average. These associations were not moderated by parent gender (all ps > 0.30). Parent report of their day with their child was not associated with parent metabolic outcomes (all ps > 0.20). Parent gender moderated the association between parent report of their day with their child and parent systolic blood pressure (B = 13.861, SE = 6.200, p = 0.026), such that less positive reports were associated with higher blood pressure readings among fathers, but not mothers. This study suggests that parent metabolic health may in part be influenced by aspects of the parent-child relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Jones
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Edith Chen
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Cynthia S Levine
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Phoebe H Lam
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Vivian Y Liu
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Hannah M C Schreier
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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24
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Georgousopoulou EN, Mellor DD, Naumovski N, Polychronopoulos E, Tyrovolas S, Piscopo S, Valacchi G, Anastasiou F, Zeimbekis A, Bountziouka V, Gotsis E, Metallinos G, Tyrovola D, Foscolou A, Tur JA, Matalas AL, Lionis C, Sidossis L, Panagiotakos D. Mediterranean lifestyle and cardiovascular disease prevention. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2017; 7:S39-S47. [PMID: 28529921 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2017.03.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern is a well-established protective factor against cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, diet quality is only one aspect of the overall healthy lifestyle adopted by Mediterranean populations. The latter has never been evaluated as a multi-factorial composite lifestyle. Thus, the aim of the present study was to provide a broader picture of the Mediterranean lifestyle and its effects on CVD risk, among elderly individuals. METHODS During 2005-2015, 2,749 older (aged 65-100 years) from 21 Mediterranean islands (MEDIS) and the rural Mani region (Peloponnesus) of Greece were voluntarily enrolled onto the study. Dietary habits, physical activity status, socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle parameters (sleep, smoking habits, social life and educational status) and clinical profile aspects were derived through standard procedures. RESULTS The overall prevalence of the traditional CVD risk factors were 62.3% for hypertension, 22.3% for diabetes mellitus (type 2) and 47.7% for hypercholesterolemia. The presence of diabetes mellitus was positively predicted by the geriatric depression scale (GDS) [odds ratio (OR) =1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.25] and by an urban residential environment (OR =2.57, 95% CI: 1.10-6.06) after adjusting for several confounders. Presence of hypertension was predicted by increasing age (OR =1.07, 95% CI: 1.02-1.12), increasing body mass index (BMI) (OR =1.12, 95% CI: 1.04-1.21), the habit of midday sleep (OR =2.07, 95% CI: 1.07-4.02) and inversely predicted by the frequency of socializing with friends (OR =0.767, 95% CI: 0.616-0.955). The estimated score in the GDS was the only independent positive predictor for the presence of hypercholesterolemia (OR =1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.21). CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle parameters such as social life, midday sleep (siesta) and residential environment are strongly associated with the presence of CVD risk factors in elderly and should be part of broader CVD prevention strategies to reduce the burden of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekavi N Georgousopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, University of Canberra, Faculty of Health, Canberra, Australia
| | - Duane D Mellor
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, University of Canberra, Faculty of Health, Canberra, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, University of Canberra, Faculty of Health, Canberra, Australia
| | - Evangelos Polychronopoulos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Suzanne Piscopo
- Department of Health, University of Malta, Nutrition, Family and Consumer Studies Office, Msida, Republic of Malta
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Animal Science Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Foteini Anastasiou
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Akis Zeimbekis
- Health Center of Kalloni, General Hospital of Mitilini, Mitilini, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Bountziouka
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthimios Gotsis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - George Metallinos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Tyrovola
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Foscolou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Josep-Antoni Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Universitat de les Illes Balears & CIBERobn, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonia-Leda Matalas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Lionis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Labros Sidossis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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Zuelsdorff ML, Koscik RL, Okonkwo OC, Peppard PE, Hermann BP, Sager MA, Johnson SC, Engelman CD. Reliability of a Novel Social Activity Questionnaire: Perceived Social Support and Verbal Interaction in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention. J Aging Health 2016; 30:305-320. [PMID: 28553788 DOI: 10.1177/0898264316674812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social activity is associated with healthy aging and preserved cognition. Such activity includes a confluence of social support and verbal interaction, each influencing cognition through rarely parsed, mechanistically distinct pathways. We created a novel verbal interaction measure for the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (WRAP) and assessed reliability of resultant data, a first step toward mechanism-driven examination of social activity as a modifiable predictor of cognitive health. METHOD Two WRAP subsamples completed a test-retest study to determine 8-week stability ( n = 107) and 2-year stability ( n = 136) of verbal interaction, and 2-year stability of perceived social support. Reliability was determined using quadratic-weighted kappa, percent agreement, or correlation coefficients. RESULTS Reliability was fair to almost perfect. The association between social support and interaction quantity decreased with age. DISCUSSION Social activity data demonstrate moderate to excellent temporal stability. Moreover, in older individuals, social support and verbal interaction represent two distinct dimensions of social activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- 1 University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.,2 William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Mark A Sager
- 2 William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- 1 University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.,2 William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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Merz EL, Roesch SC, Malcarne VL, Penedo FJ, Talavera GA, Castañeda SF, Daviglus ML, Giachello AL, Gonzalez F, Perreira KM, Ponguta LA, Gallo LC. Social Support, Simpatía, and Hypertension Prevalence in Hispanics/Latinos: Findings from the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study. JOURNAL OF LATINX PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 4:131-141. [PMID: 28804695 PMCID: PMC5553902 DOI: 10.1037/lat0000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There is a significant burden of hypertension in the United States, which extends to the large and growing Hispanic/Latino population. Previous literature suggests that psychosocial factors are related to hypertension in Hispanics/Latinos. However, cultural factors unique to this population have been largely understudied in this context. The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the association of hypertension prevalence with social support and simpatía, a Hispanic/Latino cultural value emphasizing social harmony. Cross-sectional data from 5,313 adult Hispanics/Latinos, age 18 to 75 years, representing multiple heritage groups were collected as part of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Contrary to predictions, higher social support was related to higher odds of hypertension prevalence across models (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.22). In the final main effects logistic regression model, higher simpatía was related to lower odds of hypertension (OR = .83, 95% CI: .77, .90). Sex modified the link between simpatía and hypertension, with significant effects for men but not women. A 1 SD increase in simpatía was associated with 36% lower odds of hypertension in Hispanic/Latino men. The findings suggest that social support was inversely related with hypertension prevalence and that simpatía may be a protective cultural characteristic in relation to hypertension in the Hispanic/Latino population, but only in men. These results contribute to a growing discourse about the role of Hispanic/Latino cultural values in cardiovascular health.
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Litzelman K, Kent EE, Rowland JH. Social factors in informal cancer caregivers: The interrelationships among social stressors, relationship quality, and family functioning in the CanCORS data set. Cancer 2015; 122:278-86. [PMID: 26479767 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social and family factors can influence the health outcomes and quality of life of informal caregivers. Little is known about the distribution and correlates of such factors for caregivers of cancer patients. This study sought to fill this gap with data from the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance consortium. METHODS Lung and colorectal cancer patients nominated an informal caregiver to participate in a caregiving survey. Caregivers reported their sociodemographic and caregiving characteristics, social stress, relationship quality with the patient, and family functioning. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations were used to assess the distribution of caregivers' social factors. Multivariable linear regressions assessed the independent correlates of each social factor. RESULTS Most caregivers reported low to moderate levels of social stress and good relationship quality and family functioning. In multivariable analyses, older age was associated with less social stress and better family functioning but worse relationship quality, with effect sizes (Cohen's d) up to 0.40 (P < .05). Caring for a female patient was associated with less social stress and better relationship quality but worse family functioning (effect sizes ≤ 0.16, P < .05). Few caregiving characteristics were associated with social stress, whereas several were significant independent correlates of relationship quality. Finally, social factors were important independent correlates of one another. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate the importance of personal and caregiving-related characteristics and the broader family context to social factors. Future work is needed to better understand these pathways and assess whether interventions targeting social factors can improve health or quality-of-life outcomes for informal cancer caregivers. Cancer 2016;122:278-286. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin E Kent
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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28
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Hostinar CE. Recent Developments in the Study of Social Relationships, Stress Responses, and Physical Health. Curr Opin Psychol 2015; 5:90-95. [PMID: 26366429 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This selective review aims to highlight some of the most recent empirical or theoretical advancements in the study of social relationships as buffers against stress and as protective factors against risk for disease, focusing on articles published between 2013 and 2015. The review summarizes novel findings showing that social relationships can protect individuals against negative health outcomes associated with chronic adversity and can be associated with reduced cumulative physiological damage (allostatic load). There is also evidence that some relationships can be a source of stress. Additionally, recent findings concerning the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms of action for social support, the developmental patterning of social stress-buffering and recent experimental studies attempting to change relationships to affect health are also reviewed.
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Ehrlich KB, Hoyt LT, Sumner JA, McDade TW, Adam EK. Quality of relationships with parents and friends in adolescence predicts metabolic risk in young adulthood. Health Psychol 2015; 34:896-904. [PMID: 25689301 PMCID: PMC4537843 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to examine whether family and peer relationships in adolescence predict the emergence of metabolic risk factors in young adulthood. METHOD Participants from a large, nationally representative cohort study (N = 11,617 for these analyses) reported on their relationship experiences with parents and close friends during adolescence. Fourteen years later, interviewers collected blood samples, as well as anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Blood samples were analyzed for HbA1c. RESULTS Ordered logistic regressions revealed that for females, supportive parent-child relationships and close male friendships in adolescence were associated with reduced odds of having elevated metabolic risk markers in young adulthood. These effects remained significant even after controlling for baseline measures of body mass index (BMI) and health and demographic covariates. The protective effects of close relationships were not significant for males, however. Exploratory analyses with 2-parent families revealed that supportive father-child relationships were especially protective for females. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that, for females, close and supportive relationships with parents and male friends in adolescence may reduce the risk of metabolic dysregulation in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B. Ehrlich
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
| | - Lindsay T. Hoyt
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health and Society Scholar at University of California, San Francisco and Berkeley
| | - Jennifer A. Sumner
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
| | - Thomas W. McDade
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University
| | - Emma K. Adam
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
- Program on Human Development and Social Policy, School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University
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Maintaining older brain functionality: A targeted review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 55:453-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Rook KS. Social Networks in Later Life: Weighing Positive and Negative Effects on Health and Well-Being. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2015; 24:45-51. [PMID: 26366047 DOI: 10.1177/0963721414551364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Social networks provide a mix of positive and negative experiences. Network members can provide help in times of need and day-to-day companionship, but they can also behave in ways that are inconsiderate, hurtful, or intrusive. Researchers must grapple with these dualities in order to develop a comprehensive understanding of how social network ties affect health and well-being. This article provides an overview of research that has examined the health-related effects of positive and negative aspects of social network involvement. If focuses on later life, a time when risks for declining health and for the loss or disruption of social relationships increase.
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Social Capital in Ethnic Communities and Mental Health: A Study of Older Korean Immigrants. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2015; 30:131-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10823-015-9258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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