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Pazarcikci F. Risk factors for technology addiction in young children ages 2-5 years. J Pediatr Nurs 2024:S0882-5963(24)00260-4. [PMID: 38969584 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to determine the factors predictive of technology addiction in young children (aged 2-5 years). The study examined the effects of digital parenting awareness, parental stress, family demographic characteristics and parents' technology use habits on technology addiction in young children. DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2023 and February 2024 with 401 volunteer parents of children aged 2-5 years in a province in the Western Mediterranean region of Turkey. Data were collected using the Technology Addiction Scale for Ages 2-5, the Digital Parental Awareness Scale, and the Parental Stress Scale. RESULTS Digital parenting awareness, negative modeling and digital neglect, and parental stress positively and directly affect technology addiction in young children (β1 = 0.166, β2 = 0.443, β3 = 0.087, all p < 0.05). Additionally, parental gender (β = 0.095), parental marital status (β = 0.092), and household income (β = 0.088) were significant predictors of technology addiction in young children (p < 0.05). The level of technology addiction is significantly higher in children who use devices without parental controls (Z = -6.187, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Low digital parenting awareness, high parental stress, male caregivers, low household income and single-parent families in digital tools increase the risk of technology addiction in young children (2-5 years). Multidisciplinary, family-oriented intervention programs, incorporating consideration of parental risk factors, should be developed to prevent and reduce technology addiction in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahriye Pazarcikci
- Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Isparta, Turkey.
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2
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Paquin V, Ferrari M, Rej S, Boivin M, Ouellet-Morin I, Geoffroy MC, Shah JL. Trajectories of Adolescent Media Use and Their Associations With Psychotic Experiences. JAMA Psychiatry 2024; 81:708-716. [PMID: 38598210 PMCID: PMC11007660 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Importance Adolescent media use is thought to influence mental health, but whether it is associated with psychotic experiences (PEs) is unclear. Objective To examine longitudinal trajectories of adolescent media use and their associations with PEs at 23 years of age. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included participants from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (1998-2021): children who were born in Québec, Canada, and followed up annually or biennially from ages 5 months through 23 years. Data were analyzed between January 2023 and January 2024. Exposures Participants reported their weekly amount of television viewing, video gaming, computer use, and reading at ages 12, 13, 15, and 17 years. Main Outcome and Measures Lifetime occurrence of PEs was measured at 23 years of age. Covariables included sociodemographic, genetic, family, and childhood characteristics between ages 5 months and 12 years. Results A total of 1226 participants were included in the analyses (713 [58.2%] female, 513 [41.8%] male). For each media type, latent class mixed modeling identified 3 group-based trajectories, with subgroups following trajectories of higher use: television viewing, 128 (10.4%); video gaming, 145 (11.8%); computer use, 353 (28.8%); and reading, 140 (11.4%). Relative to lower video gaming, higher video gaming was preceded by higher levels of mental health and interpersonal problems at age 12 years. Adjusting for these risk factors mitigated the association between higher video gaming and PEs at age 23 years. The curved trajectory of computer use (189 [15.4%] participants), characterized by increasing levels of use until age 15 years followed by a decrease, was associated with higher PEs (estimated difference, +5.3%; 95% CI, +1.5% to +9.3%) relative to lower use (684 [55.8%] participants). This association remained statistically significant after covariable adjustment. Conclusions and Relevance This study found that longitudinal trajectories of media use during adolescence were modestly associated with PEs at age 23 years, likely reflecting the influence of shared risk factors. Understanding the environmental determinants and psychosocial functions of media use during adolescence may help better integrate digital technologies in the prevention and management of PEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Paquin
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Manuela Ferrari
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Soham Rej
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Boivin
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Ouellet-Morin
- School of Criminology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jai L. Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Austin EW, Austin BW, Power TG, Parker L, Kaiser CK, Edwards Z. Youth Perspectives on the Effects of a Family-centered Media Literacy Intervention to Encourage Healthier Eating. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:122-135. [PMID: 36571284 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2160078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A pretest-posttest field test with control group (N = 189 parent-child dyads) tested a structural model representing youths' (ages 9-14) perspectives to examine the efficacy of a family-centered, media literacy-oriented intervention promoting fruit and vegetable consumption. The intervention facilitated critical discussion about nutrition and media, mentored by the parent. Results showed that youths' increases in fruit and vegetable consumption flowed from parent-child discussion of nutrition labels, which was predicted by child-initiated discussion, critical thinking about media sources, and critical thinking about media content. Multivariate analyses revealed that the intervention was productive for all participating age groups and for all dependent variables. The results suggest that a developmental progression from critical thinking about source to critical thinking about content affects behavior change and can be catalyzed through media literacy education and encouragement to discuss media messages (i.e. practice) with parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Weintraub Austin
- Edward R. Murrow Center for Media and Health Promotion Research, Department of Strategic Communication, Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University
| | - Bruce W Austin
- Department of Kinesiology and Educational Psychology, Washington State University
| | - Thomas G Power
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University
| | - Louise Parker
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University
| | - C Kit Kaiser
- Department of Strategic Communication, The Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University
| | - Zena Edwards
- Extension Youth & Families, Washington State University
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Pazarcıkcı F, Karataş N, Kaya A. The relationships of parents' mental well-being and sociodemographic characteristics with digital parenting awareness: Structural equation model analysis. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 75:e102-e111. [PMID: 38262894 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explain the relationships between parents' mental well-being and sociodemographic characteristics with digital parenting awareness. DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study used structural equation modeling. It was conducted between January and May 2023 in a province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey with 262 parents with children aged 5-11 years. Research data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Digital Parental Awareness Scale, and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. RESULTS Parents' mental well-being and digital parenting awareness were significantly associated with the sub-dimensions of being a negative model (β = -0.313), digital negligence (β = -0.187), efficient use (β = 0.284), and protection from risks (β = 0.432; all p < 0.001). Additionally, parental mental well-being, parent's internet usage time (years), the perception that their child/children are using digital tools unnecessarily, the monthly income of the family, parent's age, and education levels significantly impact digital parenting awareness (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Parents' mental well-being was moderately and significantly associated with digital parenting awareness. Furthermore, the high number of years of internet usage by parents, having high levels of education and income, being younger, and the perception that their children use digital tools unnecessarily are positively related to digital parenting awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahriye Pazarcıkcı
- Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Nimet Karataş
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Nursing, Pediatric Nursing Department, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Ayla Kaya
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Nursing, Pediatric Nursing Department, Antalya, Turkey.
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Morawska A, Mitchell AE, Tooth LR. Managing Screen Use in the Under-Fives: Recommendations for Parenting Intervention Development. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2023; 26:943-956. [PMID: 37171529 PMCID: PMC10640456 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-023-00435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of excessive screen use on children's health and development is a public health concern and many countries have published recommendations to limit and guide the use of screen media in childhood. Despite this, international studies report that the majority of parents and children do not adhere to screen use recommendations. Existing research aiming to understand children' screen use has largely focused on older children, and on demographic and structural aspects of the child's environment. Parents play a central role in determining young children's screen use and identify numerous barriers to developing healthy screen use practices with their children. However, no clear models exist that incorporate key parenting factors in understanding children's screen use, which presents an impediment to intervention development. Likewise, while some evidence exists for interventions to improve children's screen use behaviours, most are focused on older children and parental involvement has generally been limited. In this paper, we overview key factors associated with screen use in young children (< 5 years) and summarise the existing evidence base for interventions designed to support healthy screen use. This paper proposes a conceptual model linking aspects of parenting and the socio-ecological environment to young children's screen use. Our proposed model could be used to design longitudinal studies of screen use predictors and outcomes, and inform intervention development. Finally, the paper provides key recommendations for future research, intervention development and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, 13 Upland Road, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia.
| | - Amy E Mitchell
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leigh R Tooth
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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6
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Chong SC, Teo WZ, Shorey S. Exploring the perception of parents on children's screentime: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:915-925. [PMID: 36966270 PMCID: PMC10039437 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screentime (ST) has been increasingly pervasive in young children. Evidence suggests positive and negative effects of ST on children's development. Parents play a crucial role in influencing their children's ST. There is limited research consolidating the parental perceptions related to children's ST. This review consolidates the evidence on the perception of parents on their children's ST. METHODS Six electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and ProQuest) were searched from their inception to September 2022. Critical appraisal was conducted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist. Data synthesis was performed using Sandelowski and Barroso's approach. RESULTS Twenty studies were included in this review, encapsulating the experiences of 1,311 parents. Three main themes with corresponding subthemes were identified: (1) Varied reasons behind ST; (2) Attitudes toward ST; and (3) Strategies and approaches to managing ST. CONCLUSION The findings highlighted the varied reasons parents promote ST. Parents reported their concerns and confusion about ST and shared some strategies and approaches for better ST. Future research is needed to develop and evaluate educational programs to ensure that parents understand the risks and benefits of ST and in turn, ensure the appropriate adoption of ST for their children. IMPACT In the digital era, parents' attitudes towards screentime (ST) for their children are mixed. This review presents the dilemma parents face and their struggles with using optimal screen time for their children. This review provides up-to-date evidence on the parents' confusion and concerns about ST as well as strategies and approaches used by the parents for better ST. There is an urgent need for evidence-based educational programs to enhance parental knowledge about ST so that they can ensure appropriate ST among children. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO Registration No. CRD42022356083.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Chee Chong
- Child Development Unit, Khoo Teck Puat, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhou Teo
- Alice Lee Center for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shefaly Shorey
- Alice Lee Center for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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7
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Griffith SF. Parent beliefs and child media use: Stress and digital skills as moderators. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2023.101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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8
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Uddin H, Hasan MK. Family resilience and neighborhood factors affect the association between digital media use and mental health among children: does sleep mediate the association? Eur J Pediatr 2023:10.1007/s00431-023-04898-1. [PMID: 36922452 PMCID: PMC10257603 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The associations between digital media use and mental well-being among children and adolescents have been inconclusive. We examined (i) the associations between digital media use and mental health outcomes, anxiety, depression, and ADHD, (ii) whether family resilience and neighborhood factors attenuate the associations, and (iii) whether sleep mediates these associations. We used the National Survey of Children's Health data from 2019 to 2020. A total of 45,989 children's (6-17 years) data were analyzed in this study. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the associations between digital media use and anxiety, depression, and ADHD. Path models and Paramed command in STATA were used to test the role of sleep as a mediator of these associations. The prevalence of heavy digital media users (who spent 4 or more hours per day) among the analytic sample was 30.52%, whereas anxiety was 13.81%, depression was 5.93%, and ADHD was 12.41%. Children in the heavy media user group had 63% increased odds of anxiety (95% CI: 1.32-2.01) and 99% increased odds of depression (95% CI: 1.35-2.94) after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, compared to the children in light media user group (who spent < 2 h per day), and these relations were significant at 0.01 level. However, family resilience and community factors significantly attenuated the effect of digital media use on anxiety and depression. Sleep did not mediate the associations between digital media use and anxiety or depression. Conclusions: Family resilience and neighborhood factors protect against the harmful effects of digital media use. Further research is needed to examine the relationships of media contents, the presence of electronic devices in bedrooms, and sleep quality with mental health. What is Known: • Spending long hours on digital media may adversely affect children and adolescents' health and development. However, the mediating role of sleep in the association between digital media use and mental health outcomes is inconclusive. What is New: • Digital media use has detrimental effects on anxiety and depression. However, family resilience and neighborhood factors attenuated the association. The study highlights the importance of positive family functioning and neighborhood conditions reducing the harmful effects of digital media use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helal Uddin
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, 17177, Sweden. .,Department of Sociology, East West University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh. .,Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain.
| | - Md Khalid Hasan
- Institute of Disaster Management and Vulnerability Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Brown JR, Turley CB, Jain R, O'Brien B, Arthur N, Malhotra N, Hunt KJ, Armstrong B, Roberts JR. Primary Care Counseling of Parents Regarding Childhood Screen Media Use. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2023; 62:198-208. [PMID: 35978485 DOI: 10.1177/00099228221118147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Parental beliefs and motivation are instrumental in improving childhood digital media use (DMU). Parents (n = 611) completed questionnaires about childhood DMU assessing knowledge, interest in counseling, motivation to change, self-efficacy, and beliefs. Less than a third correctly recognized screen time limits. Twenty-seven percent received childhood DMU information from a doctor, while 46% stated they would like such information. Only 2% had a doctor-recommended DMU plan. Interest in DMU topics, motivation to improve, and management self-efficacy were moderate. Top negative beliefs were addiction to DMU (52%), sleep problems (39%), obesity (33%), social skills (33%), and inappropriate content (32%). Differences between age categories existed for social (48%, P = .01) and language (14%, P = .01) concerns (highest for toddlers), attention concerns (27%, P = .02; highest in preschoolers), and depression (13%, P < .001) and low self-esteem (8%, P = .04; highest in teens). Findings support further development of approaches to address DMU, tailored by age-specific common parental views.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine B Turley
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.,Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Beth O'Brien
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Natalie Arthur
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Neha Malhotra
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Kelly J Hunt
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bridget Armstrong
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Mavragani A, Sanchez T, Yang H, Zhao F, Qin Y, Wu J, Yan H, Xu Y, Zhang L. Caregiver Perceptions of Children's and Adolescents' Psychosocial Functioning During the Stringent COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions in Shanghai: Cross-sectional Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e43689. [PMID: 36749625 PMCID: PMC9907570 DOI: 10.2196/43689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic represents a global health crisis. The Shanghai municipal government in China implemented strict and comprehensive pandemic control strategies in the first half of 2022 to eliminate a wave of COVID-19 infection. The pandemic and the resulting government responses have led to abrupt changes to families' daily lives, including the mental health of children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of COVID-19 exposure and the stringent lockdown measures on the daily life and mental health of children and adolescents and to provide suggestions on maintaining their mental health when similar public health emergencies occur in the future. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, an anonymous survey was distributed online in May 1-15, 2022, in Shanghai. Individuals were eligible to participate if they were currently the caregiver of a child or adolescent (aged 4-17 years). Outcomes were psychosocial functioning of children and adolescents, as reported by parents, using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17. COVID-19 exposure and life changes were also reported. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors for poor psychosocial functioning. RESULTS In total, 2493 valid questionnaires were analyzed. The rate of positive scores on the global Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 scale was 16.5% (n=411). Internalizing, attention, and externalizing problem subscale positivity rates were 17.3% (n=431), 10.9% (n=272), and 8.9% (n=221), respectively. Caregivers reported that 64.2% (n=1601) and 20.7% (n=516) of the children's interactions with friends or peers and parents deteriorated, respectively. Compared with male caregivers, female caregivers were less likely to report psychosocial problems in children and adolescents (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.68; 95% CI 0.53-0.88). Older children and those with lower COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Scales scores were less likely to have psychological problems (aOR 1.15; 95% CI 1.10-1.21). Compared with children with screen times <1 hour per day for recreation, those using screens for >3 hours had higher odds of psychological distress (aOR 2.09; 95% CI 1.47-1.97). Children who spent 1-2 hours exercising and had better interactions with friends or peers and parents showed a trend toward lower odds of psychological problems. Children and adolescents with worse sleep compared with preclosure were more likely to have psychological problems. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of psychosocial problems among children and adolescents is relatively high. Being young, having more COVID-19 exposure, and having more screen times (>3 h/day), less exercise time (<30 min), worse sleep, and deteriorated interactions with friends or peers and parents were risk factors for poor psychosocial functioning. It is necessary for governments, communities, schools, and families to take appropriate countermeasures to reduce the negative impact of the stringent control measures on caregivers' parenting and psychosocial functioning of children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hongyang Yang
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Hospital Development Strategy, China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangjie Zhao
- College of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Qin
- College of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Wu
- College of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Yan
- School of Nursing, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- College of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Kroshus E, Tandon PS, Zhou C, Johnson AM, Steiner MK, Christakis DA. Problematic Child Media Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Pediatrics 2022; 150:188697. [PMID: 35916033 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-055190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assess how family stressors (including structural stressors, social determinants of health inequities, and parent psychological distress) relate to media rule implementation and problematic child media use during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. METHODS Nationally representative survey of 1000 United States parents with at least one 6 to 17 year old child was conducted in October through November 2020. RESULTS Problematic use was greater in families where parents were employed full time, present in the home (eg, working from home), had low levels or formal educational attainment, and were experiencing more psychological distress. Although there was a small decline in the number of media-related rules implemented during the pandemic (fewer parents enforced screen limits on weekdays or weekends or limited screen use at mealtimes), there was no association between rule implementation and problematic media use. CONCLUSIONS Family stressors were associated with problematic child media use during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. As we emerge from the pandemic, it will be important to help parents adjust their family's media practices cognizant of the fact that additional children may have developed problematic screen use behaviors. Such efforts should center the role of structural and social determinants of health inequities on the stressors that families experience and that impact media use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kroshus
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Pooja S Tandon
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ashleigh M Johnson
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mary Kathleen Steiner
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dimitri A Christakis
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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12
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Camerini AL, Albanese E, Marciano L. The impact of screen time and green time on mental health in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2022; 7:100204. [PMID: 35611352 PMCID: PMC9121633 DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the life of children and adolescents in an unprecedented way. In the present study, we focused on two activities that have been likely affected by mitigation measures: screen time and green time. We investigated how both influenced each other during the pandemic, how they affected children’s and adolescents' mental health, and which role socio-demographic characteristics have in predicting screen time, green time, and mental health. We used data collected between autumn 2020 and spring 2021 from 844 participants aged 5 to 19 of a population-based, prospective cohort study in Canton Ticino, Italian-speaking Switzerland. We analyzed the data using an extended version of the Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model with time-invariant socio-demographic covariates and mental health as outcome. Results showed that, at the between-person level, screen time was a risk factor and green time a protective factor of mental health. However, within-person deviations of screen time and green time during the pandemic did not consistently predict mental health. Furthermore, they did not influence each other over time. Gender, age, perceived economic situation of the family, Body Mass Index and the availability of green space nearby all influenced stable measures of green time and screen time (i.e., random intercepts). Our results highlight the need for targeted actions to promote green time and raise awareness about the detrimental effect of screen time on children’s and adolescents’ mental health.
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13
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Musa S, Elyamani R, Dergaa I. COVID-19 and screen-based sedentary behaviour: Systematic review of digital screen time and metabolic syndrome in adolescents. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265560. [PMID: 35312701 PMCID: PMC8936454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted governments around the globe to implement various restriction policies, including lockdown, social distancing, and school closures. Subsequently, there has been a surge in sedentary behaviour particularly screen time (ST) together with a significant decline in physical activity that was more marked amongst children and adolescents. Excessive screen exposure in adolescents has been correlated with cardio-metabolic risk factors including obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, and glucose intolerance that may have adverse morbidity and mortality implications in adulthood. Thus, the current study aimed to synthesize the literature on the relationship between ST of various types and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In August 2021, a systematic search of the literature was undertaken using electronic databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, and the Cochran library. Studies were considered if they met the following key eligibility criteria: (i) Measure of ST as an exposure (TV, computer, videogames, internet, smartphone, tablet), using quantified duration/frequency either self-reported or observed; (ii) Measure of MetS as an outcome with standard definition and/or criteria required to establish MetS diagnosis. The Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies was used to assess the risk of bias. Results A total of ten studies met the inclusion criteria, and the majority were cross sectional studies. Most studies met fair bias scoring. Overall, the review revealed considerable evidence that suggests a significant negative association between ST and components of MetS among adolescents with dose-response association. Conclusion During the pandemic, screen usage may become more prevalent through periods of school closures, lockdowns, social isolation, and online learning classes. Public health policies and health promotion strategies targeting parents are needed to raise awareness of the adverse health effects associated with screen-based sedentary behaviour as a precursor of NCDs. Parent or home focused interventions might be effective in limiting adolescents’ screen exposure, alternatively substituted with an appropriate level of physical activity. PROSPERO registration number PROSPERO 2021 CRD42021272436.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Musa
- Department of Preventative Health, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- * E-mail:
| | - Rowaida Elyamani
- Department of Medical Education, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ismail Dergaa
- Department of Preventative Health, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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14
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Parker K, Brown HL, Salmon J. Are There Common Correlates of Adolescents' Sport Participation and Screen Time? RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35352992 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1998305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental correlates of leisure-time participation in sports and examine whether they are also associated with screen-time among adolescents. Methods: Adolescents from eight schools in Victoria, Australia were recruited for this study. Participants (n = 400) comprised of an even distribution of boys (51%) and girls (49%) aged 12-16 years. Their engagement in leisure-time activities (including sports and screen-time) and 13 potential correlates were self-reported. Multinomial logistic regression analyses examined correlates of sports and screen-time participation categories, accounting for clustering by school and adjusting for significant sociodemographic characteristics. Results: The majority (76%) participated in leisure-time sports and exceeded screen-time recommendations (<2 h/day) on both weekdays (69%) and weekend days (85%). Greater internal motivation for sports was positively associated with sports participation and inversely associated with screen-time on weekend days, respectively. Fewer barriers, positive family and coach support and more neighborhood sporting opportunities were significantly associated with greater sports participation. Neighborhood social norms were inversely associated with sports participation. Preference for sports was associated with less weekday and weekend screen-time. Friend support for sports was inversely associated with weekday screen-time. Access to sports facilities in the local neighborhood was associated with more weekday and weekend screen-time. Conclusion: Internal motivation for sports was associated with both sports participation and less screen-time. Preference for leisure-time sports and friend support for sports were associated with less screen-time. Future research should continue to explore common correlates of multiple leisure-time behaviors to inform the development of effective intervention strategies.
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15
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Thomas G, Bennie JA, De Cocker K, Dwi Andriyani F, Booker B, Biddle SJH, Lonsdale C, Biddle S. Using Wearable Cameras to Categorize the Type and Context of Screen-Based Behaviors Among Adolescents: Observational Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2022; 5:e28208. [PMID: 35311672 PMCID: PMC8981006 DOI: 10.2196/28208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Automated wearable cameras present a new opportunity to accurately assess human behavior. However, this technology is seldom used in the study of adolescent's screen exposure, and the field is reliant on poor-quality self-report data. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine adolescents' screen exposure by categorizing the type and context of behaviors using automated wearable cameras. METHODS Adolescents (mean age 15.4 years, SD 1.6 years; n=10) wore a camera for 3 school evenings and 1 weekend day. The camera captured an image every 10 seconds. Fieldwork was completed between February and March 2020, and data were analyzed in August 2020. Images were date and time stamped, and coded for screen type, content, and context. RESULTS Data representing 71,396 images were analyzed. Overall, 74.0% (52,842/71,396) of images contained screens and 16.8% (11,976/71,396) of images contained multiple screens. Most screen exposures involved television sets (25,950/71,396, 36.3%), smartphones (20,851/71,396, 29.2%), and laptop computers (15,309/71,396, 21.4%). The context of screen use differed by device type, although most screen exposures occurred at home (62,455/64,856, 96.3%) and with solitary engagement (54,430/64,856, 83.9%). The immediate after-school period saw high laptop computer use (4785/15,950, 30.0%), while smartphone use (2059/5320, 38.7%) peaked during prebedtime hours. Weekend screen exposure was high, with smartphone use (1070/1927, 55.5%) peaking in the early morning period and fluctuating throughout the day. CONCLUSIONS There was evidence for high screen use during the after-school and weekend period, mostly through solitary engagement, and within the home environment. The findings may inform the basis of larger studies aimed at examining screen exposure in free-living conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Thomas
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.,Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Australia
| | - Jason A Bennie
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Australia
| | - Katrien De Cocker
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Australia.,Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, University of Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Fitria Dwi Andriyani
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Australia.,Department of Sports Education, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bridget Booker
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, Australia
| | - Stuart J H Biddle
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Australia
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16
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Predictors of ‘problematic internet use’ among adolescents and adults amid the pandemic in India. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Nagata JM, Ganson KT, Iyer P, Chu J, Baker FC, Gabriel KP, Garber AK, Murray SB, Bibbins-Domingo K. Sociodemographic Correlates of Contemporary Screen Time Use among 9- and 10-Year-Old Children. J Pediatr 2022; 240:213-220.e2. [PMID: 34481807 PMCID: PMC9107378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine sociodemographic correlates of contemporary screen time use among a diverse population-based sample of 9- and 10-year-old children. STUDY DESIGN In 2021, we analyzed cross-sectional baseline (2016-2018) data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (n = 10 755). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to estimate associations between sociodemographic factors (sex, race/ethnicity, country of birth, household income, parental education) and 6 contemporary forms of screen time (television, videos [eg, YouTube], video games, social networking, texting, and video chat). RESULTS On average, children reported 3.99 hours of screen time per day across 6 modalities, with the most time spent watching/streaming television shows/movies (1.31 hours), playing video games (1.06 hours), and watching/streaming videos (1.05 hours). On average, Black children reported 1.58 more hours of screen time per day and Asian children reported 0.35 less hours of screen time per day compared with White children (mean 3.46 hours per day), and these trends persisted across most modalities. Boys reported higher overall screen time (0.75 hours more) than girls, which was primarily attributed to video games and videos. Girls reported more time texting, social networking, and video chatting than boys. Higher income was associated with lower screen time usage across all modalities except video chat. However, in high-income households, Latinx children reported 0.65 more hours of screen time per day than White children. CONCLUSIONS Given the sociodemographic differences in child screen use, guideline implementation strategies can focus on key populations, encourage targeted counseling by pediatricians, and adapt Family Media Use Plans for diverse backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Nagata
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kyle T. Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Puja Iyer
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Chu
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA,Department of Physiology, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Andrea K. Garber
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stuart B. Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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18
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Gupta P, Shah D, Bedi N, Galagali P, Dalwai S, Agrawal S, John JJ, Mahajan V, Meena P, Mittal HG, Narmada S, Smilie C, Ramanan PV, Evans YN, Goel S, Mehta R, Mishra S, Pemde H, Basavaraja GV, Parekh BJ, Rich M, Kurkure P, Narain NP, Vasudev A, Sudhakar G, Dabhadkar S, Kesavan A, Gupta RK, Bhadra A, Patil G, Jadhav P, Kumar R, Sharma M, Mehta VC, Agrawal D, Krishnan G. Indian Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines on Screen Time and Digital Wellness in Infants, Children and Adolescents. Indian Pediatr 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-022-2477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Pedrotti BG, Mallmann MY, Almeida CRS, Marques FM, Vescovi G, Riter HDS, Almeida ML, Pieta MAM, Frizzo GB. Infants' and toddlers' digital media use and mothers' mental health: A comparative study before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Infant Ment Health J 2021; 43:24-35. [PMID: 34953088 PMCID: PMC9015474 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study compared children's and mothers’ digital media use and mothers’ mental health in two samples: one accessed before (Group 1; N = 257; M = 33.18 years; SD = 4.79) and the other accessed during (Group 2; N = 256; M = 33.51 years; SD = 4.96) the COVID‐19 pandemic in Brazil. Mothers of children up to 3 years old (Group 1: M = 17.95 months, SD = 9.85; Group 2: M = 16.48 months, SD = 10.15) answered an online survey. Bivariate analysis, factorial ANOVA tests, and multiple linear regression were performed. Results suggest that mothers’ and children's media use duration was higher during the pandemic only among children over 12 months. Mothers’ media use duration (β = .18) and mothers’ intention to offer media (β = .23) contributed to the explanation of children's media use duration (F(4, 474) = 16.81; p < .001; R2 = .12; R2 adjusted = .117). Higher mothers’ common mental disorders symptoms were also positively correlated to mothers’ intention to offer media to children both before and during the pandemic. Results suggest that interventions focusing on infants and toddlers screen time reduction should target maternal aspects such as mental health, maternal screen time, and intention to offer media, taking into account the mothers’ needs when planning these actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Gabriella Pedrotti
- Psychology Institute. Psychology Postgraduation Program. Developmental Psychology and Personality Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Manoela Yustas Mallmann
- Psychology Institute. Psychology Postgraduation Program. Developmental Psychology and Personality Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Carla Regina Santos Almeida
- Psychology Institute. Psychology Postgraduation Program. Developmental Psychology and Personality Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Martins Marques
- Psychology Institute. Psychology Postgraduation Program. Developmental Psychology and Personality Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Vescovi
- Psychology Institute. Psychology Postgraduation Program. Developmental Psychology and Personality Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Helena da Silveira Riter
- Psychology Institute. Psychology Postgraduation Program. Developmental Psychology and Personality Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Maíra Lopes Almeida
- Psychology Institute. Psychology Postgraduation Program. Developmental Psychology and Personality Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Maria Adélia Minghelli Pieta
- Psychology Institute. Psychology Postgraduation Program. Developmental Psychology and Personality Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Giana Bitencourt Frizzo
- Psychology Institute. Psychology Postgraduation Program. Developmental Psychology and Personality Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
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20
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Tooth LR, Moss KM, Mishra GD. Screen time and child behaviour and health-related quality of life: Effect of family context. Prev Med 2021; 153:106795. [PMID: 34508730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated family contextual effects on the association between screen time, behaviour and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in child siblings. Data were from 1772 participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health 1973-78 cohort and their three youngest children (N = 4010 siblings) aged two to 12, collected in Mothers and their Children's Health cross-sectional sub-study (2016/17). The exposure was average daily recreational screen time (televisions, computers, tablets, mobile phones, electronic games). Outcomes were child overall behaviour and prosocial behaviour, and psychosocial and physical HRQOL. Multilevel models were used to test 1) the absolute effect of screen time, and 2) change in the child's outcomes when their own screen time changes relative to their siblings (within-family contextual effects) and change in the child's outcomes when the sibling average screen time changes (between-family contextual effects). The children were average 7.37 years (SD 2.76). There was an absolute effect of screen time on behaviour and HRQOL. Between-family effects were found for child total behaviour (0·22 (95%CI, 0.06, 0.37)) and prosocial behaviour (-0.10 (-0.17, -0.04)), but there were no within-family effects. For HRQOL, within-family effects were found for psychosocial (-0.97 (-1.91, -0.02)) and physical (-1.32 (-2.25, -0.39)) HRQOL, but no between-family effects were found. In conclusion, the higher the average screen time by all children in the family, the worse the child's behaviour, while the greater the deviation of the child's screen time from their siblings, the poorer their HRQOL. Family contextual factors should be considered in screen time research and screen time recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh R Tooth
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Research, School of Public Health, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
| | - Katrina M Moss
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Research, School of Public Health, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Gita D Mishra
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Research, School of Public Health, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
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21
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Fröberg A, Kjellenberg K, Lindroos AK, Nyberg G. Self-reported physical activity and sedentary behaviour amongst adolescents in Sweden vary depending on sex, age and parental education. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:3097-3104. [PMID: 34411339 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate self-reported physical activity and sedentary behaviour by sex, age and parental education in a large representative sample of Swedish adolescents. METHODS This study is based on data from the national dietary survey Riksmaten Adolescents, which was conducted by the Swedish Food Agency in 2016-2017. In total, 3477 students from grade five (11-12 years), eight (14-15 years) and eleven (17-18 years) were included. A web questionnaire was used to collect information about physical activity and sedentary behaviour. RESULTS In total, 53% reported active transport to and from school, 93% that they usually participate in the physical education, 76% reported a physically active leisure time, and 66% reported that they participated in organised physical activities. In addition, 12% and 6% reported two hours or less of screen time on weekdays and weekends, respectively. Participation in physical activity was generally lower amongst girls, older adolescents and for those from families with low-parental education. CONCLUSION This study provide reference values for self-reported physical activities and sedentary behaviours amongst adolescents in Sweden. Strategies to increase physical activity and reduce screen time are needed, particularly amongst girls, older adolescents and amongst those with low-parental education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fröberg
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science University of Gothenburg Goteborg Sweden
| | | | - Anna Karin Lindroos
- Swedish Food Agency Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Goteborg Sweden
| | - Gisela Nyberg
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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22
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Fitzpatrick C, Boers E. Developmental Associations Between Media Use and Adolescent Prosocial Behavior. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2021; 49:265-271. [PMID: 34605695 DOI: 10.1177/10901981211035702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Youth today spend a tremendous amount of time with digital media. The purpose of the present study was to estimate developmental associations between screen media use between the ages of 15 and 17 and corresponding changes in prosocial behavior. Participants (N = 1,509) were part of the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, a population-based study of children born in the province of Quebec, Canada. Youth self-reported internet and video game use and television or movies/DVD viewing, as well as prosocial behavior at the ages of 15 and 17. Analyses were conducted using multilevel linear modelling to account for between-, within-, and lagged-person effects. Internet and video game use accounted for less prosocial behavior at the within-person and lagged-person levels. Television use also accounted for lagged-person effects in prosocial behavior. Finally, internet use and television viewing contributed to between person differences in prosocial behavior. Our study presents strong statistical evidence that media use during adolescence can undermine the development of prosocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elroy Boers
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Pediatric Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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23
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Sharma NP, Documėt PI, Gibbs BB, Taverno Ross SE. Generational Status, Language Use, Parental Limit Setting, and Screen Time in US Latinx Children. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2021; 44:146-153. [PMID: 32842001 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Latinx children engage in excessive screen time and are disproportionately affected by obesity. We examined the effect of generational status and language use on screen time in 6- to 11-year-old Latinx children and whether parental limit setting mediated that relationship. Participants included 3127 children (aged 9.2 ± 2.0 years; 54% male) from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health. Spanish language use was associated with 14.0 more minutes per day of screen time (P = .038); parental limit setting partially mediated this relationship (11.4%). Future research should explore the protective role of parental limit setting in reducing screen time in Latinx children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil P Sharma
- Departments of Health and Human Development (Mr Sharma and Drs Gibbs and Taverno Ross) and Behavioral and Community Health Sciences (Dr Documėt), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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24
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Belghali M, Statsenko Y, Al-Za'abi A. Improving Serious Games to Tackle Childhood Obesity. Front Psychol 2021; 12:657289. [PMID: 34025521 PMCID: PMC8134678 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.657289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity has become a global public health issue. Today, there are opportunities to promote health through technological devices such as serious games. Despite the major advancement of this field of research, the use of serious games as a validated intervention in clinical practice requires further clarifications on some methodological aspects. In this perspective article, we report the pros and cons of existing serious games. Besides, we attempt to propose a new methodology of design of a serious game that could help to cope with childhood obesity. The proposed idea consists of a serious game in virtual reality based on enjoyment, movement, education, and executive functioning (EF) training. Longitudinal studies and solid research protocol would certainly ensure consistency and aid interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Belghali
- Department of Health and Physical Education, College of Education, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yauhen Statsenko
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulsalam Al-Za'abi
- Department of Health and Physical Education, College of Education, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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25
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Throuvala MA, Griffiths MD, Rennoldson M, Kuss DJ. Policy Recommendations for Preventing Problematic Internet Use in Schools: A Qualitative Study of Parental Perspectives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4522. [PMID: 33923208 PMCID: PMC8123119 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Parenting in the digital age has been characterized as one of the most challenging tasks of the modern era. Parents are ambivalent about their mediating role. However, problematic aspects of adolescent online use have not been adequately addressed in education. The present study investigated parental perceptions of intervention needs within schools to prevent excessive/problematic use, enhance parent-child communication, and reduce family conflicts. Nine interviews with parents of adolescents residing in the UK were carried out and analyzed utilizing thematic analysis. Three main themes emerged as parental proposals: (i) schools as digital education providers and prevention hubs, (ii) provision of mental health literacy to raise awareness, resolve ambiguity regarding impacts and mitigate excessive use and impacts, and (iii) psychoeducation and upskilling. The third theme related to impacts from time spent on screens (time displacement), content-related impacts, and context-related impacts. The present study offers recommendations for media literacy during adolescence beyond e-safety (i.e., addressing interpersonal communication problems, privacy vs. disclosure issues), based on parents' views, and provides new insights for media and emotional health literacy collaboration efforts. Future work should investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of such interventions to support the emotional health of young people and prevent problematic internet use escalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina A. Throuvala
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK; (M.D.G.); (D.J.K.)
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK; (M.D.G.); (D.J.K.)
| | - Mike Rennoldson
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK;
| | - Daria J. Kuss
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK; (M.D.G.); (D.J.K.)
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26
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Mansor E, Ahmad N, Raj D, Mohd Zulkefli NA, Mohd Shariff Z. Predictors of Parental Barriers to Reduce Excessive Child Screen Time Among Parents of Under-Five Children in Selangor, Malaysia: Cross-sectional Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e25219. [PMID: 33847590 PMCID: PMC8080141 DOI: 10.2196/25219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, there is an increasing prevalence of excessive screen time exposure among young children, including in Malaysia. Parents are advised to limit this exposure, but there are barriers for many of them to follow this recommendation. To date, there is a lack of research on the factors that cause these parental barriers. Objective This study aimed to determine the parental barrier toward the reduction of excessive child screen time and its predictors among parents of children aged younger than 5 years in the Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2019 to June 2020 among 789 parent-child dyads attending child health clinics in the Petaling District. Validated self-administered questionnaires were used to capture information on sociodemographic, parental, child-related, and environmental factors and parental barriers. Stratified sampling with probability proportionate to size was employed. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics version 25 (IBM Corp). Descriptive analysis and bivariable analysis were performed before multiple linear regression was used to identify predictors of parental barriers. Results The overall mean score of parental barriers was 3.51 (SD 0.83), indicating that the average numbers of barriers experienced by parents were more than 3. The multivariable analysis showed that the predictors of parental barriers included monthly household income (adjusted β=–.03, 95% CI –0.05 to –0.02), parents who worked in public sectors (adjusted β=.18, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.29), positive parental attitude on screens (adjusted β=.68, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.79), low parent self-efficacy to influence child’s physical activity (adjusted β=–.32, 95% CI –0.43 to –0.20), and child screen time (adjusted β=.04, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.06). Conclusions The strongest predictor of parental barriers to reduce excessive child screen time was the positive parental attitude on screen time which could contribute to their abilities to limit child screen time. Thus, future intervention strategies should aim to foster correct parental attitudes toward screen time activities among young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliza Mansor
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Serdang, Malaysia.,Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Ahmad
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Diana Raj
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Serdang, Malaysia.,Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Zalilah Mohd Shariff
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Grigg-Damberger MM, Yeager KK. Bedtime screen use in middle-aged and older adults growing during pandemic. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 16:25-26. [PMID: 33054967 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine M Grigg-Damberger
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,University Hospital Sleep Disorders Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Kimberly K Yeager
- University Hospital Sleep Disorders Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Parker K, Timperio A, Salmon J, Villanueva K, Brown H, Esteban-Cornejo I, Cabanas-Sánchez V, Castro-Piñero J, Sánchez-Oliva D, Veiga OL. Correlates of dual trajectories of physical activity and sedentary time in youth: The UP & DOWN longitudinal study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:1126-1134. [PMID: 33486843 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Trajectories of physical activity and sedentary time (SED) may differ between subgroups of youth. The aim of this study was to identify group-based dual trajectories of physical activity and SED and explore individual, social, and environmental correlates of these trajectories. Longitudinal data (three time points, baseline 2011-2012) of Spanish youth (n = 1597, mean age = 11.94 ± 2.52, 50.9% boys) were used. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and SED were assessed objectively at each time point, and 21 potential correlates were self-reported at baseline. Parallel process growth mixture models identified shared categorical latent groups, adjusting for school and age. Multinomial logistic regression models identified baseline correlates of a given trajectory. Four shared categorical latent groups were identified: (1) stable MVPA and decreasing SED (4%); (2) stable MVPA and increasing SED (3%); (3) consistently higher MVPA (18%); and (4) stable low MVPA and slight increase in SED (75%). Multinomial logistic regression models with group 3 as reference found: negative affect (RRR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.84-0.97), parental screen-time rules (RRR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.33), and household media equipment (RRR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.05-1.30) predicted likelihood of group 1 membership; cons of reducing SED (RRR = 2.70, 95% CI 1.77-4.10) predicted likelihood of group 2 membership; and co-participation in physical activity with friends (RRR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.69-0.94), fathers' modeling of TV viewing (RRR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.02-1.47), and household media equipment (RRR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.31) predicted likelihood of group 4 membership. Results suggest that strategies to improve MVPA and SED behaviors among youth may need to be multifaceted, targeting all levels of influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Anna Timperio
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Karen Villanueva
- Centre for Urban Research, School of Global Urban and Social Studies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen Brown
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - José Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Science, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Cadiz, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Oliva
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Science, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain.,Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Oscar L Veiga
- Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, IMDEA-Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
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Masi L, Abadie P, Herba C, Emond M, Gingras MP, Amor LB. Video Games in ADHD and Non-ADHD Children: Modalities of Use and Association With ADHD Symptoms. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:632272. [PMID: 33777866 PMCID: PMC7994285 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.632272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Video game addiction in young children is relevant, but it is especially important for children with ADHD. In order to obtain more data about the use of video games by Canadian children, and in particular by ADHD children, we explored the modalities of use (playtime, addiction score and usage by age) and compared them between ADHD and non-ADHD children. We then examined associations between addiction and ADHD symptoms and explored innovative results about the gender impact. Our study was cross-sectional, multicenter in child psychiatrist departments, exploratory and descriptive. We recruited three groups of children aged 4-12 years: the ADHD Group, the Clinical-Control Group and the Community-Control Group. For each group, the material used consisted of questionnaires completed by one of the parents. Data collection took place from December 2016 to August 2018 in Montreal (n = 280). Our study highlighted a vulnerability in ADHD children: they would exhibit more addictive behaviors with respect to video games (Addiction score: 1.1025 in ADHD Group vs. 0.6802 in Community-Control Group) and prolonged periods of use. We also observed a correlation between the severity of ADHD symptoms and excessive use of video games (p = 0.000). Children with severe ADHD showed significantly higher addiction scores and, in a multiple regression analysis a combination of gender and ADHD explained the excessive use of video games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Masi
- Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Hôpital-Rivière-Des-Prairies), Department of Psychiatry and Addictology of Université de Montréal (UdeM), Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pascale Abadie
- Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Hôpital-Rivière-Des-Prairies), Department of Psychiatry and Addictology of Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Herba
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital and of Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mutsuko Emond
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology of Université de Montréal (UdeM), Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Gingras
- Département de psychologie idem pour Catherine Herba, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Leila Ben Amor
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology of Université de Montréal (UdeM), Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Abdel Magid HS, Milliren CE, Pettee Gabriel K, Nagata JM. Disentangling individual, school, and neighborhood effects on screen time among adolescents and young adults in the United States. Prev Med 2021; 142:106357. [PMID: 33301823 PMCID: PMC7934642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between individual, neighborhood, and school-level influences on individual screen time among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. METHODS We classified screen time continuously as self-reported total hours per week of television, videos, and video/computer games at baseline and categorical as extended screen time (≥14 h per week). We fit cross-classified multilevel models (CCMM) to examine to examine the individual-, school- and neighborhood-level demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with screen time. Models were fit using MLwiN with Bayesian estimation procedures. RESULTS AYAs reported an average of 22.8 (SD = 19.4) and 21.9 (SD = 20.3) hours of screen time, respectively. At the individual level, younger age, male sex, Black/multiracial race, receipt of public assistance, and lower parental education were associated with higher screen time. At the school level, being out of session (i.e., school and national holidays including summer), having a higher proportion of non-White students, and having a lower proportion of parents with a college education were associated with higher individual screen time. CONCLUSIONS We found that individual-level factors most influence youth screen time, with smaller contributions from school factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda S Abdel Magid
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Carly E Milliren
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Thomas G, Bennie JA, De Cocker K, Biddle SJH. Exploring contemporary screen time in Australian adolescents: A qualitative study. Health Promot J Austr 2020; 32 Suppl 2:238-247. [PMID: 33185908 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Screen time, a highly prevalent behaviour, can be detrimental to adolescent health. To better understand this health-related behaviour, this study explores the nature of adolescents' contemporary screen engagement, adding to the currently limited body of qualitative research in this area. METHODS Sixteen adolescents (9 girls and 7 boys) aged 13-17 years from a secondary school in Queensland, Australia participated in semi-structured one-on-one interviews. All interviews were transcribed verbatim, anonymised and thematically analysed using an inductive approach. RESULTS Smartphone use was ubiquitous, occurring mostly at home, after school, and typically used for social, entertainment and functional activities. Binge-watching and multi-screening emerged as common sedentary patterns of contemporary screen engagement, often performed solitary. Screen time appeared to be an important aspect of adolescents' social lives, while there were also some psychological, physical and behavioural concerns. Family and friends were thought to influence adolescents' screen time either directly (co-participation) or indirectly (modelling), while social smartphone notifications were said to prompt habitual, frequent and prolonged screen engagement. CONCLUSION This study provided several new insights into the nature, functions, patterns, and benefits and concerns of adolescents' contemporary screen engagement. On the whole, adolescents engaged in a wide variety of screen-viewing practices, including newer digital media, mostly as a function to connect with friends and family. SO WHAT?: It might be desirable for screen time reduction interventions and policies to take into account the underlying social and psychological factors, and habitual nature of contemporary screen engagement among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Thomas
- Physically Active Lifestyles Research Group (USQ-PALs), Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Qld, Australia
| | - Jason A Bennie
- Physically Active Lifestyles Research Group (USQ-PALs), Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Qld, Australia
| | - Katrien De Cocker
- Physically Active Lifestyles Research Group (USQ-PALs), Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Qld, Australia
| | - Stuart J H Biddle
- Physically Active Lifestyles Research Group (USQ-PALs), Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Qld, Australia
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Rajaa S, Rehman T, Surendran G, Sulgante S, Thulasingam M. An initiative to limit screen-time in children aged between 6 and 18 years in an urban area in Puducherry: a qualitative study. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 34:281-287. [PMID: 32975204 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2020-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Recently television viewing and use of computers have increased considerably and has become a necessary evil in the society. The amount of Screen Time (ST) exposure of a child largely depends on the views of their parents. Screen time among adolescents have resulted in multiple problems Objective To explore the perceptions of parents of children aged 6-10 years and adolescents of 11-18 years residing in an area of urban Puducherry regarding screen-time and develop health education material to decrease ST. Materials and methods A community-based, Qualitative study was conducted during April 2018 in Urban Puducherry. Two FGDs among the adolescents t and one FGD among the mothers of 6-10 years old children to capture their perceptions on ST Results and conclusion The three FGD included 30 participants. The main categories that evolved among the adolescents were Benefits, barriers and influencing factors of ST and ways to reduce them. Mothers expressed their concerns regarding screen time and efforts taken to reduce it. Our study showed that curtailing ST is possible by friendly parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Rajaa
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Tanveer Rehman
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Gayathri Surendran
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Sudheera Sulgante
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Mahalakshmy Thulasingam
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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Burns RD, Bai Y, Pfledderer CD, Brusseau TA, Byun W. Movement Behaviors and Perceived Loneliness and Sadness within Alaskan Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6866. [PMID: 32962220 PMCID: PMC7558989 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity, screen use, and sleep are behaviors that integrate across the whole day. However, the accumulative influence of meeting recommendations for these 24-h movement behaviors on the mental health of Alaskan adolescents has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between movement behaviors, loneliness, and sadness within Alaskan adolescents. Data were obtained from the 2019 Alaska Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). The number of adolescents participating in the 2019 Alaska YRBS was 1897. Associations between meeting recommendations for movement behaviors with loneliness and sadness were examined using weighted logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI). Approximately 5.0% of the sample met recommendations for all three movement behaviors. Meeting 2 or 3 movement behavior recommendations was associated with lower odds of loneliness (odds ratio (OR) range = 0.23 to 0.44, p < 0.01). Additionally, meeting 1 to 3 movement behavior recommendations was associated with lower odds of sadness (OR range = 0.29 to 0.52, p < 0.05). Joint association analyses determined that these relationships were primarily driven by meeting the sleep recommendation for loneliness and meeting the screen use recommendation for sadness. The results support use of multiple movement-based behavior programming to attenuate feelings of loneliness and sadness within Alaskan adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Burns
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (Y.B.); (C.D.P.); (T.A.B.); (W.B.)
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Ma C, Zhou L, Xu W, Ma S, Wang Y. Associations of physical activity and screen time with suboptimal health status and sleep quality among Chinese college freshmen: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239429. [PMID: 32946516 PMCID: PMC7500622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the associations of physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) with physiological, psychological, and social health-particularly regarding effects on sleep quality-among Chinese college freshmen. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Renmin University of China, in Beijing. A total of 5,233 students were surveyed in September 2015. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire on their demographic characteristics, tobacco and alcohol use, PA, ST, sleep quality, and health status. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine the independent and interactive associations between PA and ST with sleep quality and suboptimal health status. In total, 10.43%, 13.18%, and 13.26% of the 5,233 students had physiological, psychological, and social suboptimal health status, respectively. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 37.94%. High ST and high PA were significantly associated with physiological suboptimal health status (aOR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.16-1.68, and aOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.45-0.71), psychological suboptimal health status (aOR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.21-1.69, and aOR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.47-0.69), social suboptimal health status (aOR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.08-1.50, and aOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.52-0.77), and poor sleep quality (aOR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03-1.39, and aOR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.55-0.76). Additionally, low ST and high PA were interactively negatively associated with poor sleep quality (aOR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.45-0.70), physiological suboptimal health status (aOR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.40-0.59), psychological suboptimal health status (aOR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.39-0.58), and social suboptimal health status (aOR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.40-0.59). These findings suggested there are independent and interactive associations of low ST and high PA with poor sleep quality and suboptimal health status among Chinese college freshmen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjin Ma
- Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Long Zhou
- Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wangli Xu
- Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangge Ma
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Austin EW, Austin B, Kaiser CK, Edwards Z, Parker L, Power TG. A Media Literacy-Based Nutrition Program Fosters Parent-Child Food Marketing Discussions, Improves Home Food Environment, and Youth Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables. Child Obes 2020; 16:S33-S43. [PMID: 32311295 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2019.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Media use is a known contributor to childhood obesity, but encouraging reductions in screen use only partially eliminates media influence. We tested a family-centered, media literacy-oriented intervention to empower parents and children 9-14 years to skillfully use media to reduce marketing influences, enhance nutrition knowledge, improve the selection of foods in the home environment, and improve fruit and vegetable consumption. Methods: A community-based, 6-U program included separate parent and youth (ages 9-14 years) sessions, each of which was followed by a session together in which skills from the individual sessions were reinforced. A pretest to posttest field test with control groups (N = 189, parent-child dyads) tested the intervention's efficacy. Results: Standardized mean differences from the multiple analysis of covariance tests showed that the intervention group demonstrated improvements on parents' use of nutrition labels (0.29), the ratio of healthy to unhealthy food in the home environment (0.25), youth's fruit (0.30) and vegetable (0.25) consumption, parent and youth media literacy skills, and family communication dynamics about food. The largest effects found were for negative parental mediation (0.48) and parents' report of child-initiated discussion (0.47). Consistent but weaker results were revealed for Latinx families. Conclusions: This family-centered approach helped family members practice using media together to make better nutrition decisions without depending on the ability of parents to limit media use. It successfully addressed the often-negative impact of the media on behaviors that increase obesity risk while also cultivating the potential for media to provide useful information that can lead to behaviors that decrease obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Weintraub Austin
- Edward R. Murrow Center for Media and Health Promotion Research, Department of Strategic Communication, Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Bruce Austin
- Department of Kinesiology and Educational Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Christopher Kit Kaiser
- Department of Strategic Communication, The Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Zena Edwards
- Food Safety and Nutrition, Washington State University Extension, Clark County, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Louise Parker
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Thomas G Power
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Lubasch JS, Thumann B, Bucksch J, Brackmann LK, Wirsik N, Donnelly A, Hayes G, Nimptsch K, Steinbrecher A, Pischon T, Brug J, Ahrens W, Hebestreit A. School- and Leisure Time Factors Are Associated With Sitting Time of German and Irish Children and Adolescents During School: Results of a DEDIPAC Feasibility Study. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:93. [PMID: 33345084 PMCID: PMC7739729 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The study aims to investigate to what extent school- and leisure time-related factors are associated with sedentary behavior during school in German and Irish children and adolescents. Methods: The study based on a sample of 198 children and adolescents surveyed in 2015. Sedentary and activity behavior were measured using the activPAL physical activity monitor. Information on socio-economic status, school- and leisure-time related factors were provided by questionnaires. Associations between school- and leisure time-related factors and sedentary time during school were estimated using linear multi-level models. Results: Access to play equipment in school was associated with reduced sitting time (hours/day) of children (ß = 0.78; 95%CI = 0.06-1.48). Media devices in bedroom and assessing the neighborhood as activity friendly was associated with increased sitting time of children (ß = 0.92; 95%CI = 0.12-1.72 and ß = 0.30; 95%CI = 0.01-0.60, respectively). The permission to use media devices during breaks was associated with increased sitting time (hours/day) of adolescents (ß = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.06-0.69). A less safe traffic surrounding at school was associated with reduced sitting time of adolescents (ß = -0.42; 95% CI = -0.80 to -0.03). Conclusion: Results suggest that school- and leisure time-related factors are associated to the sedentary behavior during school. We suggest that future strategies to reduce sedentary time should consider both contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sophie Lubasch
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany.,Organizational Health Services Research, Department for Health Services Research, Faculty IV School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Thumann
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jens Bucksch
- Faculty III-Prevention and Health Promotion, Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lara Kim Brackmann
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Norman Wirsik
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Alan Donnelly
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Grainne Hayes
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | | | - Tobias Pischon
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Brug
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics/Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
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Gebremariam MK, Henjum S, Terragni L, Torheim LE. Correlates of screen time and mediators of differences by parental education among adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:279. [PMID: 32503470 PMCID: PMC7273648 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Existing literature shows that there is an inverse association between socioeconomic position and screen time among adolescents. What is less known is the mechanism behind these differences. The study aimed to explore individual, interpersonal and neighborhood environmental correlates of total screen time (TST) among adolescents and to assess their mediating role in the association between parental education and TST. Methods A cross-sectional study including 706 adolescents (mean age of 13.6 (SD = 0.3)) was used to collect data at schools through an online questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses were used to explore factors associated with TST. Mediation analyses were conducted to assess whether these factors mediated the association between parental education and TST. Results Multiple linear regression analyses, adjusted for gender and age, showed that parental modelling of TV and movie streaming, TV/movie streaming during dinner and access to screens were positively related to TST. Self-efficacy towards limiting TV and movie streaming, self-efficacy towards limiting computer/electronic game use, and the perceived opportunities for physical activity in the neighborhood were inversely related to total screen time. All of these factors except self-efficacy towards limiting TV and movie streaming mediated the association between parental education and TST. Conclusions The study identified several modifiable factors at the individual, interpersonal and neighborhood environmental levels that can be targeted in interventions aimed at decreasing screen time among youth in general and among those with a low socioeconomic position in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekdes K Gebremariam
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrun Henjum
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura Terragni
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liv Elin Torheim
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130, Oslo, Norway.
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Smith C, de Wilde T, Taylor RW, Galland BC. Prebedtime Screen Use in Adolescents: A Survey of Habits, Barriers, and Perceived Acceptability of Potential Interventions. J Adolesc Health 2020; 66:725-732. [PMID: 32044232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate (1) access to screens and screen use in the hour before bedtime and in bed; (2) attitudes and barriers to reducing screen time, and (3) perceptions of potential interventions to reduce screen time to benefit the sleep of New Zealand adolescents. METHODS Adolescents (aged 13-17 years, n = 4,811) living in New Zealand were recruited online between November 2015 and March 2016 with a direct link to complete a questionnaire about screen use in the hour before bedtime (including the types of screens used and activities) and screen use when in bed. Sleep patterns and quality were measured, and attitudes to reducing screen time using potential interventions were explored. RESULTS The most common prebedtime screen activities reported on most nights were social media (88%) and texting/instant messaging (77%). The majority of participants reported they used phones in bed (86%) and "agreed" they spent too much time on screens (70%), a perception that increased with age (p = .008). Being unable to communicate with friends was the most common barrier to reducing screen time (67% agreed). CONCLUSIONS Screen use in adolescents is complex; however, there is scope to improve sleep by reducing the impact of in-bed use of portable devices and addressing barriers to reduce screen time in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Smith
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Tanja de Wilde
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rachael W Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Barbara C Galland
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Neophytou E, Manwell LA, Eikelboom R. Effects of Excessive Screen Time on Neurodevelopment, Learning, Memory, Mental Health, and Neurodegeneration: a Scoping Review. Int J Ment Health Addict 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Nwankwo F, Shin HD, Al-Habaibeh A, Massoud H. Evaluation of Children's Screen Viewing Time and Parental Role in Household Context. Glob Pediatr Health 2019; 6:2333794X19878062. [PMID: 31579685 PMCID: PMC6757492 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x19878062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited screen time has been recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics for all children and no screen time for children under 2 years of age. With the advancement in technology, the prevalence and detrimental effects of excess screen time on children has become a global problem that can lead to health issues such as obesity and other cardiovascular diseases among both adults and children. This article examines the drivers of screen-related sedentary behavior within the home context and reports on parents’ attitude in supporting children’s associated behavior. The study implemented a mixed method approach of online questionnaire and face-to-face interviews. A total of 140 questionnaires, 10 semistructured interviews, and responses from parents were used to evaluate children’s behavior toward screen use and parents’ perception. The analysis of the article has shown that parents are concerned about their children’s screen time during weekends and holidays with a significant correlation between the number of hours their children spend on on-screen activities and their level of concern (P < .01). Also, for the same P value (P < .01), it has been found that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between children’s screen time and their food and beverages consumption. Children’s use of screen technology is becoming a challenge for parents as they present barriers to healthy physical activities. From the parents’ viewpoint, there is a need to change the screen use habit and this requires an appropriate intervention that promotes gratifying measures to induce more active behaviors to displace screen viewing.
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Doggett A, Qian W, Godin K, De Groh M, Leatherdale ST. Examining the association between exposure to various screen time sedentary behaviours and cannabis use among youth in the COMPASS study. SSM Popul Health 2019; 9:100487. [PMID: 31646169 PMCID: PMC6804433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canadian youth are among the top users of cannabis globally. The Canadian federal government identified protecting youth from cannabis-related harms as a key public health objective aligned with the legalization and strict regulation of cannabis. While there are well-established associations between screen time sedentary behaviour (STSB) and alcohol and tobacco use, the association with cannabis use is understudied. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between various types of STSBs and cannabis use in a large sample of Canadian youth. Methods Using cross-sectional data from 46,957 grade 9 to 12 students participating in year 5 of the COMPASS host study (2016–2017), four gender-stratified ordinal logistic regression models were used to examine how total STSB and four different types of STSBs (watching/streaming TV shows/movies, playing video games, Internet use, emailing/messaging/texting) are associated with frequency of cannabis use. Results One-quarter of participants (24.9%) reported using cannabis in past 12 months; the largest proportion of this group (37.9%) reported rare/sporadic use. Overall, participants spent an average 7.45 ( ±5.26) hours/day on STSBs. Total STSB was positively associated with more frequent cannabis use, and when separated by type, internet use and messaging were significant. Playing video games and watching TV/movies were also significantly associated with more frequent cannabis use, but only for females. Conclusions The associations between frequency of cannabis use and various measures of STSBs suggest that screen time may be a risk factor for cannabis use among youth. This association may be mediated by youths’ mental wellbeing, given emerging evidence that STSB is a risk factor for poor mental health, and the tendency for individuals to use substances as a coping mechanism. Further, the ubiquity of pro-substance use content on the internet may also contribute to increased exposure to and normalization of cannabis, further promoting its use. Youth average of overall STSBs was 7.48 h per day. Greater hours of overall STSB increased likelihood of higher frequency cannabis use. Internet use and messaging STSBs were both positively associated with cannabis use. Gender differences present for TV watching and video gaming STSBs. Cyber-bullying victims show increased likelihood for higher frequency cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Doggett
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Qian
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katelyn Godin
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Ecological correlates of activity-related behavior typologies among adolescents. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1041. [PMID: 31376838 PMCID: PMC6679435 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents engage in various combinations (typologies) of physical activity and sedentary behaviors, which impact their health and wellbeing in different ways. As such, there is a need to understand the factors that may inhibit or facilitate engagement in combinations of activity-related behaviors to help inform effective intervention strategies targeting those most in need. The aim of this study was to identify ecological correlates of adolescent physical activity and sedentary behavior typologies. Methods Cross-sectional study of 473 adolescents (15.0 ± 1.6 years, 41.4% boys) from 18 secondary schools in Melbourne, Australia. Intrapersonal, interpersonal and neighborhood-physical environmental factors were assessed via self-report surveys and Geographic Information Systems. Multinomial logistic regression models determined the relative risk ratio of membership of three homogenous activity-related behavior typologies based on the potential correlates. Results Higher levels of self-efficacy for physical activity, parental screen-time restriction rules, parental support for physical activity, sibling screen-time co-participation and perceptions of neighborhood pedestrian/traffic safety were associated with greater likelihood of adolescents being in the typology defined as highly active and low sedentary compared to the physically inactive, highly sedentary typology. Higher frequency of co-participation in screen-time with friends was associated with greater likelihood of adolescents being in the typology defined as moderately active, high screen-time compared to physically inactive, highly sedentary. Conclusions A range of intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental correlates appear to play a role in adolescent activity-related typology membership. The findings may inform public health interventions targeting unique adolescent subgroups most at risk of poor health outcomes based on their engagement in combinations of activity-related behaviors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7386-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Joseph ED, Kracht CL, St Romain J, Allen AT, Barbaree C, Martin CK, Staiano AE. Young Children's Screen Time and Physical Activity: Perspectives of Parents and Early Care and Education Center Providers. Glob Pediatr Health 2019; 6:2333794X19865856. [PMID: 31384633 PMCID: PMC6657133 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x19865856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early care and education (ECE) providers and parents can facilitate physical
activity (PA) and reduce screen time in preschoolers. Input from caregivers on
barriers and facilitators of PA and screen time is needed to comprehensively
address these behaviors and promote children’s health. Four focus groups (3
parent and 1 ECE provider) were conducted. Thematic analysis was performed to
identify themes and subthemes. Twenty-eight caregivers (21 parents and 7 ECE
providers) participated. Caregivers reported responsibility for modeling and
shaping children’s PA and screen time. Parents felt that a busy lifestyle was a
PA barrier and encouraged screen time. ECE providers were concerned about
certain environmental influences on PA. The groups differed in their view of
screen time as either entertainment (parents) or educational (providers). Both
types of caregivers were unaware of PA or screen time guidelines. Investigation
into opportunities to utilize screen time to serve priorities of both caregivers
and promote child PA are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Corby K Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Parker KE, Salmon J, Costigan SA, Villanueva K, Brown HL, Timperio A. Activity-related behavior typologies in youth: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:44. [PMID: 31097036 PMCID: PMC6524235 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clusters of adolescents differentiated by patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior (activity-related typologies) are common. Understanding both the characteristics of adolescents and modifiable correlates of these typologies, can help to develop interventions for those most at risk. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the socio-demographic characteristics and modifiable correlates of activity-related behavioral typologies among adolescents. METHODS A systematic search of seven electronic databases was conducted to identify quantitative studies using person-oriented statistical approaches to identify activity-related behavioral typologies among 12-18 year-olds. This systematic review was registered in Prospero (registration number: CRD42016046879). RESULTS Thirty-six studies met the inclusion criteria and were classified according to three sub-themes based on behaviors included in the typologies (1. physical activity and sedentary behavior only; 2. physical activity, sedentary behavior and risk-related behaviors; 3. physical activity, sedentary behavior and diet). Studies were mostly cross-sectional and relied on self-report measures. Methods were considerably heterogeneous, however results revealed some consistency in typologies within specific groups. For example, typologies characterized by unhealthy behavior patterns (e.g., characterized by physical inactivity, high sedentary behavior and poor diet or high risk-related behaviors) comprised more older adolescents. With the exception of socio-demographics (age, sex, body mass index and socio-economic status), very few correlates have been studied to date (mostly school-related behavioral factors and intrapersonal influences), with evidence largely from typologies comprised of physical activity, sedentary behavior and diet. CONCLUSIONS More research is needed to assess a range of modifiable correlates associated with activity-related behavior typologies among adolescents. This will allow for more targeted interventions, to achieve long-lasting, positive behavior change in adolescent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sarah A Costigan
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Karen Villanueva
- Centre for Urban Research, School of Global Urban and Social Studies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen L Brown
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Anna Timperio
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Perrino T, Brincks A, Lee TK, Quintana K, Prado G. Screen-based sedentary behaviors and internalizing symptoms across time among U.S. Hispanic adolescents. J Adolesc 2019; 72:91-100. [PMID: 30877842 PMCID: PMC7147981 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pervasive use of technology has raised concerns about its association with adolescent mental health, including internalizing symptoms. Existing studies have not always had consistent findings. Longitudinal research with diverse subgroups is needed. METHODS This study examines the relationship between screen-based sedentary (SBS) behaviors and internalizing symptoms among 370 Hispanic adolescents living in Miami, Florida- United States, who were followed for 2 ½ years and assessed at baseline, 6, 18 and 30 months post-baseline between the years 2010 and 2014. Approximately 48% were girls, and 44% were foreign-born, most of these youth being from Cuba. Mean age at baseline was 13.4 years, while at the last time-point it was 15.9 years. RESULTS Findings show that girls had higher internalizing symptoms and different patterns of screen use compared to boys, including higher phone, email, and text use. SBS behaviors and internalizing symptoms cooccurred at each time-point, and their trajectories were significantly related (r = 0.45, p < .001). Cross-lagged panel analyses found that SBS behaviors were not associated with subsequent internalizing symptoms. Among girls, however, internalizing symptoms were associated with subsequent SBS behaviors during later adolescence, with internalizing symptoms at the 18-month assessment (almost 15 years old) associated with subsequent SBS behaviors at the 30-month assessment (almost 16 years old; β = 0.20, p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Continued research and monitoring of internalizing symptoms and screen use among adolescents is important, especially among girls. This includes assessments that capture quantity, context, and content of screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Perrino
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami's Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street (R-669), Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Ahnalee Brincks
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, 909 Wilson Road, Room B601, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Tae Kyoung Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami's Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street (R-669), Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Kiarabet Quintana
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami's Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street (R-669), Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Guillermo Prado
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami's Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street (R-669), Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Toh SH, Howie EK, Coenen P, Straker LM. "From the moment I wake up I will use it…every day, very hour": a qualitative study on the patterns of adolescents' mobile touch screen device use from adolescent and parent perspectives. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:30. [PMID: 30678720 PMCID: PMC6346550 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of mobile touch screen devices, e.g. smartphones and tablet computers, has become increasingly prevalent among adolescents. However, little is known about how adolescents use these devices and potential influences on their use. Hence, this qualitative study explored adolescents' perceptions on their patterns of use and factors influencing use, and perceptions and concerns from parents. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with adolescents (n = 36; 11 to 18 years) and their parents/caregivers (n = 28) in Singapore recruited to represent males and females across a range of ages from different socioeconomic groups. Prompts covered weekday and weekend use patterns, types of activities, perspectives on amount of use, parental control measures and concerns. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were coded and thematic analysis was carried out. RESULTS Smartphone was the most common mobile device owned and used by many of the adolescents, while only some used a tablet. Many adolescents and their parents felt that adolescents' MTSD use was high, frequent and ubiquitous, with frequent checking of device and multitasking during use. Reported influences of use included functional, personal and external influences. Some of the influences were irresistibility of mobile devices, lack of self-control, entertainment or relaxation value, and high use by peers, family and for schoolwork that contributed to high use, or school/parental control measures and lack of internet availability that limited use. Most adolescents were generally unconcerned about their use and perceived their usage as appropriate, while most parents expressed several concerns about their adolescents' use and perceived their usage as excessive. CONCLUSIONS This study has provided rich insights into the patterns and influences of contemporary mobile device use by adolescents. Mobile device use has become an integral part of adolescents' daily routines, and was affected by several functional, personal and external influences which either facilitated or limited their use. There also seemed to be a strong inclination for adolescents to frequently check and use their mobile devices. There is an urgent need to understand the implications of these common adolescent behaviours to inform advice for wise mobile device use by adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao Hui Toh
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Kent Street Bentley, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.,Physiotherapy Department, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erin K Howie
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Kent Street Bentley, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.,Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Pieter Coenen
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Kent Street Bentley, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.,Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Kent Street Bentley, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
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Boberska M, Horodyska K, Kruk M, Knoll N, Hohl DH, Keller J, Luszczynska A. Parental strategies restricting screen use among children, screen home environment, and child screen use as predictors of child body fat: A prospective parent–child study. Br J Health Psychol 2019; 24:298-314. [DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Boberska
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities Wroclaw Poland
| | - Karolina Horodyska
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities Wroclaw Poland
| | - Magdalena Kruk
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities Wroclaw Poland
| | - Nina Knoll
- Department of Education and Psychology Freie Universität Berlin Germany
| | - Diana Hilda Hohl
- Department of Education and Psychology Freie Universität Berlin Germany
| | - Jan Keller
- Department of Education and Psychology Freie Universität Berlin Germany
| | - Aleksandra Luszczynska
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities Wroclaw Poland
- Trauma, Health, & Hazards Center University of Colorado Colorado Springs Colorado USA
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The Association between Children's and Parents' Co-TV Viewing and Their Total Screen Time in Six European Countries: Cross-Sectional Data from the Feel4diabetes-Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15112599. [PMID: 30469348 PMCID: PMC6266975 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In many European children, high levels of screen time can be found, which is associated with several adverse health outcomes. Therefore, there is a need for identifying effective intervention strategies that reduce screen time in children. A factor that may contribute to excessive screen time in children may be “co-TV viewing” (i.e., the time that parents and children spend on watching TV together), as parents often recognize the importance of limiting children’s (individual) screen time, but often encourage TV viewing as a family because of its perceived benefits (e.g., educational purposes). The primary aim of this study was to investigate the (sex-specific) association between co-TV viewing and both children’s and parents’ screen time, and these associations were investigated across and within six European countries. In total, 10,969 parents (Meanage = 40.7 ± 5.3 years, MeanBMI = 24.4 ± 4.6) of primary school children (Meanage = 8.2 ± 1.0 years, 49.0% boys, MeanBMI = 17.3 ± 2.8) completed a questionnaire assessing co-TV viewing and screen time. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted. Across countries, positive associations were found between co-TV viewing and both children’s (β = 11.85, SE = 3.69, p < 0.001) and parents’ screen time (β = 14.47, SE = 4.43, p = 0.001). Similar associations were found in most (but not all) countries. The results suggest that targeting co-TV viewing might be a promising intervention strategy because of its potential to limit screen time of both children and parents.
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Wen CKF, Liao Y, Maher JP, Huh J, Belcher BR, Dzubur E, Dunton GF. Relationships among affective states, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in children: Moderation by perceived stress. Health Psychol 2018; 37:904-914. [PMID: 30234349 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the acute bidirectional relationships between affective states and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) or sedentary behavior (SB) in children, and whether perceived stress moderates these associations. METHOD A total of 180 children (mean age = 9.6 years, 51.7% female, 53.9% Hispanic) completed a 7-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study, where they received 3-7 random prompts per day asking about their current affective states. MVPA and SB during this period were measured by waist-worn accelerometers. Children's and mothers' perceived stress were measured by paper questionnaires. Multilevel models tested the within-person (WP) and between-person (BP) associations of (a) MVPA and SB 30 and 60 min before an EMA prompt with subsequent affective states at the prompt, and (b) affective states at the prompt with MVPA and SB in the subsequent 30 and 60 min after the prompt. Interaction terms were used to assess whether children's and mothers' perceived stress moderated these associations. RESULTS Children reported a higher positive affect after engaging in more MVPA than usual (WP; β = 0.04, SE = 0.02, p < .05) and a lower positive affect after spending more SB than usual (WP; β = -0.02, SE = 0.01, p < .05) in the previous 30 min. Children's affective states were unrelated to time in MVPA and SB within the subsequent 30 min. Parent's perceived stress level attenuated the relationship between children's time spent in MVPA 60 min before a prompt and self-reported positive affect at that prompt (β = -0.01, SE = 0.01, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS MVPA and SB acutely impacted children's psychological well-being, with the benefits of MVPA on positive affect across longer intervals attenuated among children whose mothers had higher perceived stress. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng K Fred Wen
- Department or Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Yue Liao
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Jaclyn P Maher
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Jimi Huh
- Department or Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Britni R Belcher
- Department or Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Eldin Dzubur
- Center for Outcomes Research and Education, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
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Schoeppe S, Vandelanotte C, Bere E, Lien N, Verloigne M, Kovács É, Manios Y, Bjelland M, Vik FN, Van Lippevelde W. The influence of parental modelling on children's physical activity and screen time: Does it differ by gender? Eur J Public Health 2018; 27:152-157. [PMID: 28177458 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schoeppe
- Central Queensland University, School of Human Health and Social Sciences, Physical Activity Research Group, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- Central Queensland University, School of Human Health and Social Sciences, Physical Activity Research Group, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Elling Bere
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Nanna Lien
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maïté Verloigne
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Éva Kovács
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary, and Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology and German Centre for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Mona Bjelland
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frøydis Nordgård Vik
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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