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Islam MM, Sultana N, Liu C, Mao A, Katsube T, Wang B. Impact of dietary ingredients on radioprotection and radiosensitization: a comprehensive review. Ann Med 2024; 56:2396558. [PMID: 39320122 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2396558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation exposure poses significant health risks, particularly in radiotherapy and nuclear accidents. Certain dietary ingredients offer potential radioprotection and radiosensitization. In this review, we explore the impact of dietary ingredients, including vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other bioactive compounds, on radiation sensitivity and their potential for radioprotection. Radiosensitizers reoxygenate hypoxic tumor cells, increase the radiolysis of water molecules, and regulate various molecular mechanisms to induce cytotoxicity and inhibit DNA repair in irradiated tumor cells. Several dietary ingredients, such as vitamins C, E, selenium, and phytochemicals, show promise in protecting against radiation by reducing radiation-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage. Radioprotectors, such as ascorbic acid, curcumin, resveratrol, and genistein, activate and modulate various signaling pathways, including Keap1-Nrf2, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), STAT3, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), in response to radiation-induced oxidative stress, regulating inflammatory cytokine expression, and promoting DNA damage repair and cell survival. Conversely, natural dietary radiosensitizers impede these pathways by enhancing DNA damage and inducing apoptosis in irradiated tumor cells. Understanding the molecular basis of these effects may aid in the development of effective strategies for radioprotection and radiosensitization in cancer treatment. Dietary interventions have the potential to enhance the efficacy of radiation therapy and minimize the side effects associated with radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Monirul Islam
- Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nahida Sultana
- Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Aihong Mao
- Center of Medical Molecular Biology Research, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Takanori Katsube
- Institute for Radiological Science, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bing Wang
- Institute for Radiological Science, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Kobayashi T, Nagata M, Hachiya T, Wakita H, Ikehata Y, Takahashi K, China T, Shimizu F, Lu J, Jin Y, Lu Y, Ide H, Horie S. Increased circulating polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells are associated with prognosis of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372771. [PMID: 38887300 PMCID: PMC11180772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) exhibits immunosuppressive functions and affects cancer progression, but its relationship with prostate cancer remains unclear. We elucidated the association of polymorphonuclear MDSC (PMN-MDSC) and monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) levels of the total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with prostate cancer progression and evaluated their roles as prognostic indicators. Methods We enrolled 115 patients with non-metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (nmHSPC, n = 62), metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC, n = 23), and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC, n = 30). Subsequently, the proportions of MDSCs in each disease progression were compared. Log-rank tests and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to ascertain the associations of overall survival. Results The patients with mCRPC had significantly higher PMN-MDSC percentage than those with nmHSPC and mHSPC (P = 7.73 × 10-5 and 0.0014). Significantly elevated M-MDSC levels were observed in mCRPC patients aged <70 years (P = 0.016) and with a body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2 (P = 0.043). The high PMN-MDSC group had notably shorter median survival duration (159 days) than the low PMN-MDSC group (768 days, log-rank P = 0.018). In the multivariate analysis including age, BMI, and MDSC subset, PMN-MDSC was significantly associated with prognosis (hazard ratios, 3.48; 95% confidence interval: 1.05-11.56, P = 0.042). Discussion PMN-MDSC levels are significantly associated with mCRPC prognosis. Additionally, we highlight the remarkable associations of age and BMI with M-MDSC levels in mCRPC, offering novel insights into MDSC dynamics in prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Informatics for Genetic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nagata
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hachiya
- Department of Advanced Informatics for Genetic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Wakita
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ikehata
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Informatics for Genetic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Takahashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki China
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Shimizu
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yiming Jin
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisamitsu Ide
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Horie
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Informatics for Genetic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Jahn A, Nielsen ML, Kyndi M, Dalbøge A. Association between night work and prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:207-215. [PMID: 38175230 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-02037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to study the association between night work and the development of prostate cancer. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. Studies were included based on a PECOS; the population included men in/above the working age, exposure defined as night work, outcome defined as prostate cancer, and study design restricted to cohort studies. The exclusion of articles, risk-of-bias assessment, and data extraction were performed by two reviewers. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model, including a sensitivity analysis stratified based on the risk-of-bias assessment. We evaluated publication bias using a funnel plot and Egger´s test, and the level of evidence was assessed using GRADE. RESULTS A total of 528 articles were identified, and eight cohort studies were included. Three studies had a moderate risk of bias, while five studies had a high risk of bias. The meta-analysis showed a pooled hazard ratio (HR) of 1.0 (95% CI 0.6-1.7). In the sensitivity analysis, moderate vs. high risk-of-bias studies showed a pooled HR of 1.2 (95% CI 0.3-4.1) and 0.9 (95% CI 0.6-1.3), respectively. Based on GRADE, the level of evidence was rated low. CONCLUSION We found no association between night work and the development of prostate cancer. The evidence was assessed as limited and inconsistent. Future studies encompassing consistent definitions of night work, including objective exposure data, are highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jahn
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Mathilde Lumbye Nielsen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Marianne Kyndi
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine-University Research Clinic, Regional Hospital Goedstrup, Herning, Denmark
| | - Annett Dalbøge
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Mumtaz S, Akhtar N, Ahmed A, Qazi AS. Dietary Pattern and Cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2024; 191:191-216. [PMID: 39133409 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55622-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Diet play an important role in the development of cancer. A lot of research has been done on the role of individual nutrients or phytochemicals and cancer risk. Both harmful and beneficial associations of this nutrient have been observed with cancer. However, there is an interaction of individual dietary constituents to influence disease risk. On the other hand, examining the diet as a whole as is done in dietary patterns research may produce more accurate estimates and data that can be more easily translated into dietary recommendations. Dietary patterns and cancer research are becoming increasingly common in the epidemiology literature, and novel dietary patterns are being generated at a rapid pace. However, major issues remain over whether one general "healthy" dietary pattern can be suggested for cancer prevention or whether several diets should be advocated for different forms of cancer protection. It is challenging to study typical human diet in animal model that is appropriate for cancer prevention. Some dietary patterns, such as the ketogenic diet or macronutrient composition alteration, have been investigated more extensively in animal models than in humans in terms of cancer prevention, and bigger human observational studies are now needed to advise dietary guidelines. The question of whether to adapt nutritional guidelines to population subgroups based on susceptibility factors (for example, family history, sex, age, other lifestyle factors or comorbidities, metabolomics signatures, or microbiota-based profiles) is still open and will be crucial in moving the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mumtaz
- National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Nosheen Akhtar
- National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Asma Saleem Qazi
- National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Lopez DS, Kim H, Polychronopoulou E, Torres-Sanchez LE, Villasante-Tezanos A, Baillargeon J, Canfield S, Kuo YF. Use of weight loss medications in relation with prostate, colorectal and male breast cancers among older men: SEER-Medicare 2007-2015. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:8255-8265. [PMID: 37067547 PMCID: PMC10702173 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of weight loss medications with prostate (PCa), colorectal (CRC) or male breast cancers, including assessment of these cancers combined (HRCs, hormone-associated cancers) remain poorly understood. Testosterone replacement therapy (TTh) is reported to be inversely associated with obesity, PCa and CRC, but it is unclear whether TTh modifies the association of weight loss medications with HRCs. METHODS In 49,038 men (≥ 65 years) of SEER-Medicare, we identified 15,471 men diagnosed with PCa, 4836 with CRC, and 141 with male breast cancers. Pre-diagnostic prescription of weight loss medications and TTh was ascertained for this analysis. Weighted multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic and Cox proportional hazards (mortality) models were conducted. RESULTS We found an inverse association between use of weight loss medications and incident PCa (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.57-0.62), CRC (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.80-0.92), and HRCs (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.62-0.68). Similar associations were observed for advanced stage at diagnosis of PCa and CRC. Effects of weight loss medications on PCa and HRC remained significant irrespective of the use of TTh but were only suggestive with CRC with positive TTh use. No associations were observed with male breast cancer and HRCs mortality. CONCLUSION Pre-diagnostic use of weight loss medications reduced the incidence of PCa, CRC, and HRCs. These associations persisted in the same direction irrespective of the history of TTh use. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and to identify underlying biological mechanisms of weight loss medications and TTh on the risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Lopez
- School of Public and Population Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555-1153, USA.
| | - Hyunkyoung Kim
- School of Public and Population Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555-1153, USA
| | - Efstathia Polychronopoulou
- School of Public and Population Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555-1153, USA
| | | | - Alejandro Villasante-Tezanos
- School of Public and Population Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555-1153, USA
| | - Jacques Baillargeon
- School of Public and Population Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555-1153, USA
| | - Steven Canfield
- Division of Urology, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yong-Fang Kuo
- School of Public and Population Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555-1153, USA
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Zha C, Peng Z, Huang K, Tang K, Wang Q, Zhu L, Che B, Li W, Xu S, Huang T, Yu Y, Zhang W. Potential role of gut microbiota in prostate cancer: immunity, metabolites, pathways of action? Front Oncol 2023; 13:1196217. [PMID: 37265797 PMCID: PMC10231684 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1196217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota helps to reveal the relationship between diseases, but the role of gut microbiota in prostate cancer (PCa) is still unclear. Recent studies have found that the composition and abundance of specific gut microbiota are significantly different between PCa and non-PCa, and the gut microbiota may have common and unique characteristics between different diseases. Intestinal microorganisms are affected by various factors and interact with the host in a variety of ways. In the complex interaction model, the regulation of intestinal microbial metabolites and the host immune system is particularly important, and they play a key role in maintaining the ecological balance of intestinal microorganisms and metabolites. However, specific changes in the composition of intestinal microflora may promote intestinal mucosal immune imbalance, leading to the formation of tumors. Therefore, this review analyzes the immune regulation of intestinal flora and the production of metabolites, as well as their effects and mechanisms on tumors, and briefly summarizes that specific intestinal flora can play an indirect role in PCa through their metabolites, genes, immunity, and pharmacology, and directly participate in the occurrence, development, and treatment of tumors through bacterial and toxin translocation. We also discussed markers of high risk PCa for intestinal microbiota screening and the possibility of probiotic ingestion and fecal microbiota transplantation, in order to provide better treatment options for clinic patients. Finally, after summarizing a number of studies, we found that changes in immunity, metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zha
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kunyuan Huang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kaifa Tang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Urology & Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bangwei Che
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shenghan Xu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Sang W, Zhu R, Liu D, Gong M. LncRNA SPRY4‑IT1 is upregulated and promotes the proliferation of prostate cancer cells under hypoxia in vitro. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:138. [PMID: 36909367 PMCID: PMC9996607 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rate of prostate cancer are among the highest for all cancers worldwide; this disease has a high cancer mortality rate in males, following lung cancer. Sprouty4-intron 1 (SPRY4-IT1) has been shown to play a variety of roles in tumors. Our previous study demonstrated that SPRY4-IT1 sponges microRNA-101-3p to promote the proliferation and metastasis of bladder cancer cells by upregulating enhancer of zeste homolog 2 expression; however, the role of SPRY4-IT1 in prostate cancer has not been fully established. In the present study, the expression levels, effects and mechanism of action of SPRY4-IT1 were investigated in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting, Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry assays. The results indicated that SPRY4-IT1 expression was upregulated in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, hypoxia increased the expression levels of SPRY4-IT1 in prostate cancer cells. Knockdown of SPRY4-IT1 expression led to S-phase arrest, decreased expression levels of the cell cycle-associated proteins CDK2 and cyclin D1. AKT phosphorylation was also reduced by SPRY4-IT1 knockdown. In summary, the findings indicate the elevation of SPRY4-IT1 expression in prostate cancer. Under hypoxic conditions in vitro, SPRY4-IT1 overexpression promoted prostate cancer cell proliferation via a mechanism involving regulation of the cell cycle and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Therefore, it may provide a basis for the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicong Sang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Rujian Zhu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Min Gong
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
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Abdelrazek AS, Ghoniem K, Ahmed ME, Joshi V, Mahmoud AM, Saeed N, Khater N, Elsharkawy MS, Gamal A, Kwon E, Kendi AT. Prostate Cancer: Advances in Genetic Testing and Clinical Implications. URO 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/uro3020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The demand for genetic testing (GT) for prostate cancer (PCa) is expanding, but there is limited knowledge about the genetic counseling (GC) needs of men. A strong-to-moderate inherited genetic predisposition causes approximately 5–20% of prostate cancer (PCa). In men with prostate cancer, germline testing may benefit the patient by informing treatment options, and if a mutation is noticed, it may also guide screening for other cancers and have family implications for cascade genetic testing (testing of close relatives for the same germline mutation). Relatives with the same germline mutations may be eligible for early cancer detection strategies and preventive measures. Cascade family testing can be favorable for family members, but it is currently unutilized, and strategies to overcome obstacles like knowledge deficiency, family communication, lack of access to genetic services, and testing expenses are needed. In this review, we will look at the genetic factors that have been linked to prostate cancer, as well as the role of genetic counseling and testing in the early detection of advanced prostate cancer.
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Shafiee G, Mousavian AH, Sheidaei A, Ebrahimi M, Khatami F, Gohari K, Jabbari M, Ghanbari-Motlagh A, Ostovar A, Aghamir SMK, Heshmat R. The 15-year national trends of genital cancer incidence among Iranian men and women; 2005-2020. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:495. [PMID: 36922819 PMCID: PMC10015665 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a major health problem and cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the prevalence of other cancers in males and females, genital cancers are especially important because of their psychological effects on individuals. Currently, cervical cancer, corpus uteri neoplasm, and ovarian cancer are the most common gynecological cancers in Iran. Prostate cancer has increased in Iranian men in the last decade. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the 15-year national trend in the incidence of genital cancers in the Iranian population. METHODS In this study, we used Iranian cancer registration data collected by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, demographic information from the reports of the Statistics Center of Iran, STEPs (STEPwise approach to non-communicable diseases risk factor surveillance), and Caspian (childhood and adolescence surveillance and prevention of adult non-communicable disease). A list of potential auxiliary variables and secondary variables at all levels of the province-age-sex were evaluated during the years. We used mixed-effects Poisson regression to model the data and calculate the incidence of each cancer. RESULTS Our results show an enhancement in the outbreak of all types of male cancers, but the most important are prostate (11.46 in 2005 to 25.67 in 2020 per 100,000 males) and testicular cancers (2.39 in 2005 to 5.05 per 100,000 males). As for female cancers, there has been an increase in ovarian and corpus uteri neoplasm incidence with 6.69 and 4.14 incidences per 100,000 females in 2020, making them the most occurring female genital neoplasms. While the occurrence of cervical cancer has decreased over the years (4.65 in 2005 to 3.24 in 2020). In general, the incidence of genital cancers in men and women has amplified in the last 15 years. CONCLUSIONS Our study examined the trend of change for each malignant genital neoplasm for 15 years in Iranian men and women in each province. Considering the growing trend of the elderly population in Iran, patient awareness and early screening are essential in reducing mortality and costs imposed on patients and the health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 111, 19th St., North Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Hossein Mousavian
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 111, 19th St., North Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sheidaei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ebrahimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khatami
- Urology Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hasan Abad Sq, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimiya Gohari
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jabbari
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 111, 19th St., North Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari-Motlagh
- Department of Radiotherapy, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Ostovar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 111, 19th St., North Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran.
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Figueroa-Valverde L, Rosas-Nexticapa M, Alvarez-Ramirez M, Lopez-Ramos M, Mateu-Armand V, Lopez-Gutierrez T. Statistical Data (1978-2020) on Prostate Cancer in the Southern Population of Mexico. CLINICAL CANCER INVESTIGATION JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.51847/lkyjt987fn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Freedland SJ, Friedrich NA. Nature versus nurture contribution to prostate cancer risk. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:635-636. [PMID: 36042289 PMCID: PMC10179443 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00650-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genetics has a role in predisposition towards prostate cancer, and an accurate prediction of prostate cancer risk can be made using polygenic risk scores. New evidence suggests that this risk is modifiable through lifestyle changes, but only in men at a high genetic risk of developing prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Freedland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Nadine Adriana Friedrich
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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DeRouen MC, Tao L, Shariff-Marco S, Yang J, Shvetsov YB, Park SY, Albright CL, Monroe KR, Le Marchand L, Wilkens LR, Gomez SL, Cheng I. Neighborhood Obesogenic Environment and Risk of Prostate Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:972-981. [PMID: 35506246 PMCID: PMC9074096 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with risk of aggressive prostate cancer. It is not known whether neighborhood obesogenic factors are independently associated with prostate cancer risk. METHODS Neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) and four neighborhood obesogenic environment factors (urbanicity, mixed-land development, unhealthy food environment, and parks) were assessed for associations with prostate cancer risk among 41,563 African American, Japanese American, Latino, and White males in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study, California site. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for nonaggressive and aggressive prostate cancer, adjusting for individual-level sociodemographic, behavioral, and prostate cancer risk factors. Analyses were stratified by race, ethnicity, and, among Latino males, nativity. RESULTS Males residing in low-SES, compared with high-SES, neighborhoods had lower risk of nonaggressive prostate cancer [lowest vs. highest quintile HR = 0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.68-0.95, Ptrend 0.024], driven by a similar trend among foreign-born Latino males. Foreign-born Latino males in neighborhoods with low mixed-land development had increased risk of non-aggressive disease (lowest vs. highest quintile HR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.07-2.09). For aggressive disease, the only association noted was between lower mixed-land development and lower risk among White males (Ptrend = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS nSES and obesogenic environment factors were independently associated with prostate cancer risk; associations varied by race, ethnicity, nativity, and disease aggressiveness. IMPACT Upstream structural and social determinants of health that contribute to neighborhood obesogenic characteristics likely impact prostate cancer risk differently across groups defined by race, ethnicity, and nativity and by disease aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy C DeRouen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Li Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Salma Shariff-Marco
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yurii B Shvetsov
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Song-Yi Park
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | | | | | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Scarlett Lin Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
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13
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Pirzad Mashak N, Akbarizadeh G, Farshidi E. A new approach for data augmentation in a deep neural network to implement a monitoring system for detecting prostate cancer in MRI images. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-212990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men, which takes many victims every year due to its latent symptoms. Thus, early diagnosis of the extent of the lesion can help the physician and the patient in the treatment process. Nowadays, detection and labeling of objects in medical images has become especially important. In this article, the prostate gland is first detected in T2 W MRI images by the Faster R-CNN network based on the AlexNet architecture and separated from the rest of the image. Using the Faster R-CNN network in the separation phase, the accuracy will increase as this network is a model of CNN-based target detection networks and is functionally coordinated with the subsequent CNN network. Meanwhile, the problem of insufficient data with the data augmentation method was corrected in the preprocessing stage, for which different filters were used. Use of different filters to increase the data instead of the usual augmentation methods would eliminate the preprocessing stage. Also, with the presence of raw images in the next steps, it was proven that there was no need for a preprocessing step and the main images could also be the input data. By eliminating the preprocessing step, the response speed increased. Then, in order to classify benign and malignant cancer images, two deep learning architectures were used under the supervision of ResNet18 and GoogleNet. Then, by calculating the Confusion Matrix parameters and drawing the ROC diagram, the capability of this process was measured. By obtaining Accuracy = 95.7%, DSC = 96.77% and AUC = 99.17%, The results revealed that this method could outperform other well-known methods in this field (DSC = 95%) and (AUC = 91%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Pirzad Mashak
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Akbarizadeh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Farshidi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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14
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Lin Y, Yang Z, Li J, Sun Y, Zhang X, Qu Z, Luo Y, Zhang L. Effects of glutamate and aspartate on prostate cancer and breast cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:213. [PMID: 35296245 PMCID: PMC8925075 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respectively, prostate cancer (PCa) and breast cancer (BC) are the second most and most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and women, and they account for a majority of cancer-related deaths world-wide. Cancer cells typically exhibit much-facilitated growth that necessitates upregulated glycolysis and augmented amino acid metabolism, that of glutamine and aspartate in particular, which is tightly coupled with an increased flux of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Epidemiological studies have exploited metabolomics to explore the etiology and found potentially effective biomarkers for early detection or progression of prostate and breast cancers. However, large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to establish causal associations between amino acid metabolism and prostate and breast cancers have not been reported. Objective Utilizing two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), we aimed to estimate how genetically predicted glutamate and aspartate levels could impact upon prostate and breast cancers development. Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs), associated with the serum levels of glutamate and aspartate were extracted from the publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWASs), which were conducted to associate genetic variations with blood metabolite levels using comprehensive metabolite profiling in 1,960 adults; and the glutamate and aspartate we have chosen were two of 644 metabolites. The summary statistics for the largest and latest GWAS datasets for prostate cancer (61,106 controls and 79,148 cases) were from the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) consortium, and datasets for breast cancer (113,789 controls and 133,384 cases) were from Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). The study was performed through two-sample MR method. Results Causal estimates were expressed as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) per standard deviation increment in serum level of aspartate or glutamate. Aspartate was positively associated with prostate cancer (Effect = 1.043; 95% confidence interval, 1.003 to 1.084; P = 0.034) and breast cancer (Effect = 1.033; 95% confidence interval, 1.004 to 1.063; P = 0.028); however, glutamate was neither associated with prostate cancer nor with breast cancer. The potential causal associations were robust to the sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Our study found that the level of serum aspartate could serve as a risk factor that contributed to the development of prostate and breast cancers. Efforts on a detailed description of the underlying biochemical mechanisms would be extremely valuable in early assessment and/or diagnosis, and strategizing clinical intervention, of both cancers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08442-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yindan Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National MOE), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ze Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National MOE), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjia Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National MOE), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yandi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National MOE), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National MOE), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Qu
- Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National MOE), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National MOE), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
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15
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Macke AJ, Petrosyan A. Alcohol and Prostate Cancer: Time to Draw Conclusions. Biomolecules 2022; 12:375. [PMID: 35327568 PMCID: PMC8945566 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been a long-standing debate in the research and medical societies whether alcohol consumption is linked to the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Many comprehensive studies from different geographical areas and nationalities have shown that moderate and heavy drinking is positively correlated with the development of PCa. Nevertheless, some observations could not confirm that such a correlation exists; some even suggest that wine consumption could prevent or slow prostate tumor growth. Here, we have rigorously analyzed the evidence both for and against the role of alcohol in PCa development. We found that many of the epidemiological studies did not consider other, potentially critical, factors, including diet (especially, low intake of fish, vegetables and linoleic acid, and excessive use of red meat), smoking, family history of PCa, low physical activity, history of high sexual activities especially with early age of first intercourse, and sexually transmitted infections. In addition, discrepancies between observations come from selectivity criteria for control groups, questionnaires about the type and dosage of alcohol, and misreported alcohol consumption. The lifetime history of alcohol consumption is critical given that a prostate tumor is typically slow-growing; however, many epidemiological observations that show no association monitored only current or relatively recent drinking status. Nevertheless, the overall conclusion is that high alcohol intake, especially binge drinking, is associated with increased risk for PCa, and this effect is not limited to any type of beverage. Alcohol consumption is also directly linked to PCa lethality as it may accelerate the growth of prostate tumors and significantly shorten the time for the progression to metastatic PCa. Thus, we recommend immediately quitting alcohol for patients diagnosed with PCa. We discuss the features of alcohol metabolism in the prostate tissue and the damaging effect of ethanol metabolites on intracellular organization and trafficking. In addition, we review the impact of alcohol consumption on prostate-specific antigen level and the risk for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Lastly, we highlight the known mechanisms of alcohol interference in prostate carcinogenesis and the possible side effects of alcohol during androgen deprivation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Macke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Armen Petrosyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
- The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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16
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Ide H, Tsukada S, Asakura H, Hattori A, Sakamaki K, Lu Y, Okada H, Maeda-Yamamoto M, Horie S. A Japanese Box Lunch Bento Comprising Functional Foods Reduce Oxidative Stress in Men: A Pilot Study. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221075498. [PMID: 35135369 PMCID: PMC8832604 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221075498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The elder population has increased, introducing the profound medical and social challenge of maintaining health in aging seniors and the need for a medical approach to sustaining physical and mental health. The relationship between diseases and lifestyle-related factors such as diet and exercise are important. A health-conscious lifestyle improves one's health condition from a medical perspective, as indicated by new wellness monitoring using health devices and recent research into the efficacy of functional lunches incorporating utilitarian agricultural, forestry, and fishery products and foods. For a period of 3 months, and solely at lunchtime, 21 participants consumed the contents of a bento (Japanese box lunch), which incorporated functional (healthy) foods. A variety of factors were analyzed, including: weight, weight fluctuation rate, abdominal girth, triglycerides, total cholesterol value, and 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine). The bento comprising functional foods resulted in a reduction in both weight and abdominal girth without calorie restrictions. A reduction over time was observed in 8-OHdG, an oxidative stress marker, as compared to values prior to initiation of the study. Usage of a health device, exercise/dietary advice from a physician and nutritionist, and the availability of meals incorporating functional agricultural products might help prevent lifestyle disease and lead to improved health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisamitsu Ide
- Department of Urology, Saitama Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Hitomi Asakura
- Department of Nutrition, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hattori
- Department of Nutrition, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sakamaki
- Center for Data Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okada
- Department of Urology, Saitama Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mari Maeda-Yamamoto
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shigeo Horie
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Fidelito G, Watt MJ, Taylor RA. Personalized Medicine for Prostate Cancer: Is Targeting Metabolism a Reality? Front Oncol 2022; 11:778761. [PMID: 35127483 PMCID: PMC8813754 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.778761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer invokes major shifts in gene transcription and metabolic signaling to mediate alterations in nutrient acquisition and metabolic substrate selection when compared to normal tissues. Exploiting such metabolic reprogramming is proposed to enable the development of targeted therapies for prostate cancer, yet there are several challenges to overcome before this becomes a reality. Herein, we outline the role of several nutrients known to contribute to prostate tumorigenesis, including fatty acids, glucose, lactate and glutamine, and discuss the major factors contributing to variability in prostate cancer metabolism, including cellular heterogeneity, genetic drivers and mutations, as well as complexity in the tumor microenvironment. The review draws from original studies employing immortalized prostate cancer cells, as well as more complex experimental models, including animals and humans, that more accurately reflect the complexity of the in vivo tumor microenvironment. In synthesizing this information, we consider the feasibility and potential limitations of implementing metabolic therapies for prostate cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gio Fidelito
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Watt
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Renea A. Taylor, ; Matthew J. Watt,
| | - Renea A. Taylor
- Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Prostate Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Renea A. Taylor, ; Matthew J. Watt,
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18
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Singla RK, Sai CS, Chopra H, Behzad S, Bansal H, Goyal R, Gautam RK, Tsagkaris C, Joon S, Singla S, Shen B. Natural Products for the Management of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Special Focus on Nanoparticles Based Studies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:745177. [PMID: 34805155 PMCID: PMC8602797 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.745177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer among men and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality around the world. The progression of advanced prostate cancer to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) plays a major role in disease-associated morbidity and mortality, posing a significant therapeutic challenge. Resistance has been associated with the activation of androgen receptors via several mechanisms, including alternative dehydroepiandrosterone biosynthetic pathways, other androgen receptor activator molecules, oncogenes, and carcinogenic signaling pathways. Tumor microenvironment plays a critical role not only in the cancer progression but also in the drug resistance. Numerous natural products have shown major potential against particular or multiple resistance pathways as shown by in vitro and in vivo studies. However, their efficacy in clinical trials has been undermined by their unfavorable pharmacological properties (hydrophobic molecules, instability, low pharmacokinetic profile, poor water solubility, and high excretion rate). Nanoparticle formulations can provide a way out of the stalemate, employing targeted drug delivery, improved pharmacokinetic drug profile, and transportation of diagnostic and therapeutic agents via otherwise impermeable biological barriers. This review compiles the available evidence regarding the use of natural products for the management of CRPC with a focus on nanoparticle formulations. PubMed and Google Scholar search engines were used for preclinical studies, while ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed were searched for clinical studies. The results of our study suggest the efficacy of natural compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, apigenin, quercetin, fisetin, luteolin, kaempferol, genistein, berberine, ursolic acid, eugenol, gingerol, and ellagic acid against several mechanisms leading to castration resistance in preclinical studies, but fail to set the disease under control in clinical studies. Nanoparticle formulations of curcumin and quercetin seem to increase their potential in clinical settings. Using nanoparticles based on betulinic acid, capsaicin, sintokamide A, niphatenones A and B, as well as atraric acid seems promising but needs to be verified with preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K. Singla
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India
| | - Sahar Behzad
- Evidence-Based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Himangini Bansal
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajat Goyal
- MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Ambala, India
| | | | | | - Shikha Joon
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailja Singla
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Bairong Shen
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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19
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Raphael JE, Danagogo O. Pilot Study on the Locoregional Demographics of Prostate Cancer in River State, Nigeria. Niger Med J 2021; 62:340-345. [PMID: 38736520 PMCID: PMC11087682 DOI: 10.60787/nmj-62-6-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The aetiology of prostate cancer is a subject of intense research and has been attributed to several risk factors. Geographical variations have also been observed with high incidence in western countries and rising rates in developing countries. This study aims to evaluate the locoregional distribution of histologically confirmed prostate cancer patients and discuss the risk factors for the observed variations according to their Local Government Areas (LGA) in Rivers State. Methodology This is a descriptive retrospective study on patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer from three hospitals that take urology referrals over 10years. The patient's hospital records were obtained, and records of their ages, permanent place of residence, prostate biopsy histopathology reports, and Gleason's scores were extracted. These data were collated and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results There were 278 patients managed over a 10year period with a mean age of 68.39years+_10.06. Prostate cancer was the commonest in the 60-69year age group (37.1%), followed by the 70-79year range. The high-risk, poorly differentiated cancer (Gleason 8-10; ISUP 4,5) was the commonest, followed by the intermediate-risk cancers (Gleason 7; ISUP 2,3). Port Harcourt (41.0%) and ObiaAkpo (36.0%) Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Port Harcourt City had the highest frequencies of prostate cancer. There was no relationship between age and Gleason's score in the men. Conclusion Prostate cancer appears more common in the LGAs in Port Harcourt City compared to the semi-urban and rural LGAs in Rivers State. High-grade cancers are more frequent both in rural and urban LGA. High Gleason score cancers appear more frequently in the metropolitan Port Harcourt City than rural LGAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Raphael
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Okigbeye Danagogo
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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20
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Sajjadi RS, Modarressi MH, Akbarian F, Tabatabaiefar MA. A Computational Framework to Infer Prostate Cancer-Associated Long Noncoding RNAs and Analyses for Identifying a Competing Endogenous RNA Network. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:582-589. [PMID: 34550779 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is the second leading cause of cancer death after lung cancer in men. Current biomarkers are ineffective for the treatment and management of the disease. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a heterogeneous group of transcripts that are involved in complex gene expression regulatory networks. Although lncRNAs have been suggested to be promising as future biomarkers, the connection between the majority of lncRNAs and human disease remains to be elucidated. One approach to elucidate the roles of lncRNAs in disease is through the development of computational models. For example, a novel computational model termed HyperGeometric distribution for LncRNA-Disease Association (HGLDA) has been developed. Such models need to be developed on a tumor-specific basis to better suit the particular problem. Methods: In this study, we constructed a potential pipeline through two models, HGLDA and pathway-based using data from several databases. To validate the obtained data, the expression levels of selected lncRNAs were investigated quantitatively in the DU-145, LNCaP, and PC3 PC cell lines using quantitative real-time PCR. Results: We obtained a number of lncRNAs from both models, many of which were filtered through several databases that ultimately resulted in identification of six high-value lncRNA targets. Their expression was correlated with one important component of the PI3K pathway, known to be related to PC. Conclusion: Through the assembly of a lncRNA-miRNAs-mRNA competing endogenous RNA network, we successfully predicted lncRNAs interfering with miRNAs and coding genes related to PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak S Sajjadi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Fahimeh Akbarian
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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21
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The role of regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of prostate cancer. Life Sci 2021; 284:119132. [PMID: 33513396 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite developments in the treatment of various cancers, prostate cancer is one of the deadliest diseases known to men. Systemic therapies such as androgen deprivation, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have not been very successful in treating this disease. Numerous studies have shown that there is a direct relationship between cancer progression and inhibition of anti-tumor immune responses that can lead to progression of various malignancies, including prostate cancer. Interestingly, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells significantly accumulate and increase in draining lymph nodes and PBMCs of patients with prostate cancer and other solid tumors. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that Tregs can suppress anti-tumor responses, which is directly related to the increased risk of cancer recurrence. Tregs are essential for preserving self-tolerance and inhibiting extra immune responses harmful to the host. Since the tumor-related antigens are mainly self-antigens, Tregs could play a major role in tumor progression. Accordingly, it has discovered that prostate cancer patients with higher Tregs have poor prognosis and low survival rates. However, anti-tumor responses can be reinforced by suppression of Tregs with using monoclonal antibodies against CD25 and CTLA-4. Therefore, depleting Tregs or suppressing their functions could be one of the effective ways for prostate cancer immunotherapy. The purpose of this review is to investigate the role of Treg cells in the progression of prostate cancer and to evaluate effective strategies for the treatment of prostate cancer by regulating Treg cells.
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22
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Mbugua RG, Oluchina S, Karanja S. Prostate cancer awareness and screening among men in a rural community in Kenya: a cross-sectional study. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12301-020-00108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Globally, prostate cancer ranks as the second most frequently diagnosed cancer among men with the highest mortality rates being in Asia and Africa. The screening rates have been very low among men from developing countries with the majority presenting in advanced stages of the disease. The study aimed to assess the awareness of prostate cancer and screening among men aged 40–69 years in a rural community in Kenya.
Methods
This cross-sectional mixed-method survey was conducted among men aged 40–69 years. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire among 576 men and a Focus Group Discussion guide among 44 men. The study was conducted in all the community units in Gatundu North and Kiambu Sub-counties, Kenya.
Results
Five hundred and seventy-six men participated with a response rate of 100%. Of the men interviewed, 84% had ever heard of prostate cancer. Slightly below half (40.6%) of the respondents had ever heard of prostate cancer screening. There was the existence of myths and misconceptions which predominantly associated prostate cancer with sexual behaviors. Overall, 57.3% of the respondents had a low level of awareness of prostate cancer. The prevalence of prostate cancer screening was 5%. Willingness to undergo screening in the future was high (81%) among the participants. The most frequently cited (56.9%) reason for lack of willingness to screen was the participant’s belief that they were well. Participants who were aware of prostate cancer screening were more likely to take up screening (OR = 8.472; 95% CI: 1.554- 46.186; P = 0.014).
Conclusion
Awareness of prostate cancer symptoms, treatment, and screening was low with the existence of myths and misconceptions. The level of prostate cancer screening was abysmally low. It is vital for the Ministry of Health, county governments, and other stakeholders to consider the use of multifaceted approaches to increase public awareness on prostate cancer to enhance informed shared decision making. The study provides relevant information for designing prevention and control programs for prostate cancer.
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Guan J, Jiang X, Gai J, Sun X, Zhao J, Li J, Li Y, Cheng M, Du T, Fu L, Li Q. Sirtuin 5 regulates the proliferation, invasion and migration of prostate cancer cells through acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:14039-14049. [PMID: 33103371 PMCID: PMC7753991 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a NAD+‐dependent class III protein deacetylase, and its role in prostate cancer has not yet been reported. Therefore, to explore the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer, we investigated the effect of SIRT5 on prostate cancer. Sirtuin 5 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 57 normal and cancerous prostate tissues. We found that the tissue expression levels of SIRT5 in patients with Gleason scores ≥7 were significantly different from those in patients with Gleason scores <7 (P < .05, R > 0). Further, mass spectrometry and pathway screening experiments showed that SIRT5 regulated the activity of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which in turn modulated the expression of MMP9 and cyclin D1. Being a substrate of SIRT5, acetyl‐CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) was regulated by SIRT5. SIRT5 also regulated MAPK pathway activity through ACAT1. These results revealed that SIRT5 promoted the activity of the MAPK pathway through ACAT1, increasing the ability of prostate cancer cells to proliferate, migrate and invade. Overall, these results indicate that SIRT5 expression is closely associated with prostate cancer progression. Understanding the underlying mechanism may provide new targets and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqian Guan
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xizi Jiang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junda Gai
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Jinming Zhao
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yizhuo Li
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tengjiao Du
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingchang Li
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Aladwani M, Lophatananon A, Robinson F, Rahman A, Ollier W, Kote-Jarai Z, Dearnaley D, Koveela G, Hussain N, Rageevakumar R, Keating D, Osborne A, Dadaev T, Brook M, Eeles R, Muir KR. Relationship of self-reported body size and shape with risk for prostate cancer: A UK case-control study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238928. [PMID: 32941451 PMCID: PMC7498010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous evidence has suggested a relationship between male self-reported body size and the risk of developing prostate cancer. In this UK-wide case-control study, we have explored the possible association of prostate cancer risk with male self-reported body size. We also investigated body shape as a surrogate marker for fat deposition around the body. As obesity and excessive adiposity have been linked with increased risk for developing a number of different cancers, further investigation of self-reported body size and shape and their potential relationship with prostate cancer was considered to be appropriate. OBJECTIVE The study objective was to investigate whether underlying associations exist between prostate cancer risk and male self-reported body size and shape. METHODS Data were collected from a large case-control study of men (1928 cases and 2043 controls) using self-administered questionnaires. Data from self-reported pictograms of perceived body size relating to three decades of life (20's, 30's and 40's) were recorded and analysed, including the pattern of change. The associations of self-identified body shape with prostate cancer risk were also explored. RESULTS Self-reported body size for men in their 20's, 30's and 40's did not appear to be associated with prostate cancer risk. More than half of the subjects reported an increase in self-reported body size throughout these three decades of life. Furthermore, no association was observed between self-reported body size changes and prostate cancer risk. Using 'symmetrical' body shape as a reference group, subjects with an 'apple' shape showed a significant 27% reduction in risk (Odds ratio = 0.73, 95% C.I. 0.57-0.92). CONCLUSIONS Change in self-reported body size throughout early to mid-adulthood in males is not a significant risk factor for the development of prostate cancer. Body shape indicative of body fat distribution suggested that an 'apple' body shape was protective and inversely associated with prostate cancer risk when compared with 'symmetrical' shape. Further studies which investigate prostate cancer risk and possible relationships with genetic factors known to influence body shape may shed further light on any underlying associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aladwani
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fredie Robinson
- School of Medicine, University Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Aneela Rahman
- Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Bakrani, Pakistan
| | - William Ollier
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Nafisa Hussain
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Diana Keating
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Osborne
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tokhir Dadaev
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Brook
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rosalind Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth R. Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Liu X, Zhou M, Wang F, Mubarik S, Wang Y, Meng R, Shi F, Wen H, Yu C. Secular Trend of Cancer Death and Incidence in 29 Cancer Groups in China, 1990-2017: A Joinpoint and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6221-6238. [PMID: 32801868 PMCID: PMC7398884 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s247648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose China has a heavy cancer burden. We aimed to quantitatively estimate the secular trend of cancer mortality and incidence in China. Methods We extracted numbers, age-specific and age-standardized rates of 29 cancer groups (from 1990 to 2017) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in 2017. We estimated rates of major cancer types for annual percent change by Joinpoint regression, and for age, period, and cohort effect by an age–period–cohort model. Results In 2017, breast cancer had the highest incidence rate in females. Lung cancer had the highest mortality and incidence rates in males. Although the age-standardized incidence rate of prostate cancer ranked second highest in males, it increased by 112% from 1990 to 2017. Individuals aged over 50 years were at high risk of developing cancer, and the number of deaths at this age accounted for over 89% of all cancers in all age groups. When compared with the global average level, the age-standardized mortality and incidence rates of both liver and esophageal cancers were 2.1 times higher in China, and stomach, lung and nasopharyngeal cancers in China also had high levels (more than 1.5 times higher). During 1990–2017, most of the 29 cancers exhibited an increasing incidence trend, and Joinpoint regression demonstrated increasing mortality of some major cancers. The period effect indicated that the risk of mortality and incidence due to the main cancers generally increased during 1992–2017. Conclusion Trend analysis provided information on the effects of prevention strategies and targeted interventions on the occurrence of different cancers. Etiological studies need to be conducted on some major cancers in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumaira Mubarik
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Runtang Meng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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Ohadian Moghadam S, Momeni SA. Human microbiome and prostate cancer development: current insights into the prevention and treatment. Front Med 2020; 15:11-32. [PMID: 32607819 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The huge communities of microorganisms that symbiotically colonize humans are recognized as significant players in health and disease. The human microbiome may influence prostate cancer development. To date, several studies have focused on the effect of prostate infections as well as the composition of the human microbiome in relation to prostate cancer risk. Current studies suggest that the microbiota of men with prostate cancer significantly differs from that of healthy men, demonstrating that certain bacteria could be associated with cancer development as well as altered responses to treatment. In healthy individuals, the microbiome plays a crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis of body metabolism. Dysbiosis may contribute to the emergence of health problems, including malignancy through affecting systemic immune responses and creating systemic inflammation, and changing serum hormone levels. In this review, we discuss recent data about how the microbes colonizing different parts of the human body including urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, and skin might affect the risk of developing prostate cancer. Furthermore, we discuss strategies to target the microbiome for risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Ali Momeni
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Trudeau K, Rousseau MC, Barul C, Csizmadi I, Parent MÉ. Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Population-Based Case-Control Study in Montreal, Canada. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1907. [PMID: 32605059 PMCID: PMC7399998 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the association between dietary patterns and prostate cancer (PCa) risk in a population-based case-control study conducted in Montreal, Canada (2005-2012). Cases (n = 1919) were histologically confirmed, aged ≤75 years. Concomitantly, controls (n = 1991) were randomly selected from the electoral list and frequency-matched to cases by age (±5 years). During face-to-face interviews, a 63-item food frequency questionnaire focusing on the two years before diagnosis/interview was administered. Three dietary patterns were identified from principal component analysis. Unconditional logistic regression estimated the association between dietary patterns and PCa, adjusting for age, ethnicity, education, family history, and timing of last PCa screening. When comparing scores in the highest vs. lowest quartiles, the Healthy Eating pattern was associated with a decreased risk of overall PCa (Odds ratio (OR) = 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.61, 0.93); this association was stronger for high-grade cancers (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.48, 0.89). By contrast, the Western Sweet and Beverages pattern was associated with an elevated risk of overall PCa (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.10, 1.66). The Western Salty and Alcohol pattern was not associated with PCa risk. These findings suggest that some dietary patterns influence PCa development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Trudeau
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Quebec, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; (K.T.); (M.-C.R.); (C.B.)
- School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Rousseau
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Quebec, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; (K.T.); (M.-C.R.); (C.B.)
- School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Christine Barul
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Quebec, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; (K.T.); (M.-C.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Ilona Csizmadi
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Marie-Élise Parent
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Quebec, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; (K.T.); (M.-C.R.); (C.B.)
- School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
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28
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The association between neighborhood greenness and incidence of lethal prostate cancer: A prospective cohort study. Environ Epidemiol 2020; 4:e091. [PMID: 32656487 PMCID: PMC7319229 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Growing evidence suggests that neighborhood contextual environment could influence risk factors and, therefore, incidence of lethal prostate cancer. We studied the association between neighborhood greenness and lethal prostate cancer incidence and assessed mediation by vigorous physical activity.
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29
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Extent of Food Processing and Risk of Prostate Cancer: The PROtEuS Study in Montreal, Canada. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030637. [PMID: 32121075 PMCID: PMC7146430 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the association between food intake, based on the extent of processing, and prostate cancer risk in a population-based case-control study conducted in Montreal, Canada in 2005–2012. Incident prostate cancer cases (n = 1919) aged ≤75 years were histologically confirmed. Population controls (n = 1991) were randomly selected from the electoral list and frequency-matched to cases by age (±5 years). A 63-item food frequency questionnaire focusing on the two years prior to diagnosis/interview was administered by interviewers. The NOVA classification was used to categorize foods based on processing level. Unconditional logistic regression estimated the association between food intake and prostate cancer risk, adjusting for age, education, ethnicity, family history, and timing of last prostate cancer screening. Consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed foods showed a slight, inverse association (Odd ratio [OR] 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–1.07; highest vs. lowest quartile) with prostate cancer. An increased risk was observed with higher intake of processed foods (OR 1.29, 95%CI 1.05–1.59; highest vs. lowest quartile), but not with consumption of ultra-processed food and drinks. The associations with unprocessed/minimally processed foods and processed foods were slightly more pronounced for high-grade cancers (ORs 0.80 and 1.33, respectively). Findings suggest that food processing may influence prostate cancer risk.
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30
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Rivera-Izquierdo M, Martínez-Ruiz V, Castillo-Ruiz EM, Manzaneda-Navío M, Pérez-Gómez B, Jiménez-Moleón JJ. Shift Work and Prostate Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1345. [PMID: 32093096 PMCID: PMC7068593 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The International Agency of Research in Cancer (IARC) has recently confirmed shift work as a type 2A carcinogen. The results presented in published epidemiological studies regarding prostate cancer are inconsistent and the association remains controversial. The aims of this study were: (a) to investigate the possible association between shift work and prostate cancer incidence, identifying possible sources of heterogeneity; and (b) to analyze the potential effect of publication bias. A search for cohort and case-control studies published from January 1980 to November 2019 was conducted. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled OR were calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran's Q test and data were stratified by potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was analyzed. Eighteen studies were included. No association was found between rotating/night-shift work and prostate cancer, pooled OR 1.07 (95%CI 0.99 to 1.15), I2 = 45.7%, p = 0.016. Heterogeneity was eliminated when only cohort studies (pooled OR 1.03; 95%CI 0.96 to 1.10; I2 = 18.9%, p = 0.264) or high-quality studies (pooled OR 0.99; 95%CI 0.89 to 1.08; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.571) were considered. A publication bias was detected. An association between shift work and prostate cancer cannot be confirmed with the available current data. Future analytical studies assessing more objective homogeneous exposure variables still seem necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rivera-Izquierdo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, Edificio A, 8ª planta, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-I.); (V.M.-R.); (E.M.C.-R.); (M.M.-N.)
- Service of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Virginia Martínez-Ruiz
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, Edificio A, 8ª planta, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-I.); (V.M.-R.); (E.M.C.-R.); (M.M.-N.)
- Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Mercedes Castillo-Ruiz
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, Edificio A, 8ª planta, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-I.); (V.M.-R.); (E.M.C.-R.); (M.M.-N.)
| | - Miriam Manzaneda-Navío
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, Edificio A, 8ª planta, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-I.); (V.M.-R.); (E.M.C.-R.); (M.M.-N.)
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Juan Jiménez-Moleón
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, Edificio A, 8ª planta, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-I.); (V.M.-R.); (E.M.C.-R.); (M.M.-N.)
- Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
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Sha S, Ni L, Stefil M, Dixon M, Mouraviev V. The human gastrointestinal microbiota and prostate cancer development and treatment. Investig Clin Urol 2019; 61:S43-S50. [PMID: 32055753 PMCID: PMC7004837 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2020.61.s1.s43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal microbiome contains commensal bacteria and other microbiota that have been gaining increasing attention in the context of cancer development and response to treatment. Microbiota play a role in the maintenance of host barrier surfaces that contribute to both local inflammation and other systemic metabolic functions. In the context of prostate cancer, the gastrointestinal microbiome may play a role through metabolism of estrogen, an increase of which has been linked to the induction of prostatic neoplasia. Specific microbiota such as Bacteroides, Streptococcus, Bacteroides massiliensis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium rectalie, and Mycoplasma genitalium have been associated with differing risks of prostate cancer development or extensiveness of prostate cancer disease. In this Review, we discuss gastrointestinal microbiota's effects on prostate cancer development, the ability of the microbiome to regulate chemotherapy for prostate cancer treatment, and the importance of using Next Generation Sequencing to further discern the microbiome's systemic influence on prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybil Sha
- Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Liqiang Ni
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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32
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Mentella MC, Scaldaferri F, Ricci C, Gasbarrini A, Miggiano GAD. Cancer and Mediterranean Diet: A Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2059. [PMID: 31480794 PMCID: PMC6770822 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is considered one of the most worldwide healthy dietary patterns thanks to a combination of foods rich mainly in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients. Many studies have demonstrated a strong and inverse relationship between a high level of Mediterranean diet adherence and some chronic diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, etc.) and cancer. Given its protective effects in reducing oxidative and inflammatory processes of cells and avoiding DNA damages, cell proliferation, and their survival, angiogenesis, inflammations and metastasis, the Mediterranean diet is considered a powerful and manageable method to fight cancer incidence. The aim of this narrative review was to determine the magnitude of interaction between the Mediterranean diet and more widespread types of cancer so as to give a first and useful overview on this relationship identifying, with a nutritional approach, those nutrients of Mediterranean diet able to reduce cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Mentella
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Ricci
- UOC di Ginecologia Oncologica, Area Salute della Donna, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacinto Abele Donato Miggiano
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids Survey in Men under Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer: from Intake to Prostate Tissue Level. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071616. [PMID: 31315273 PMCID: PMC6683032 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary omega-3 fatty acids (ω3), particularly long-chain ω3 (LCω3), have protective effects against prostate cancer (PCa) in experimental studies. Observational studies are conflicting, possibly because of the biomarker used. This study aimed at evaluating associations between grade reclassification and ω3 levels assessed in prostatic tissue, red blood cells (RBC), and diet. We conducted a validation cross-sectional study nested within a phase II clinical trial. We identified 157 men diagnosed with low-risk PCa who underwent a first active surveillance repeat prostate biopsy session. Fatty acid (FA) intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and their levels measured in prostate tissue and RBC. Associations were evaluated using logistic regression. At first repeat biopsy session, 39 (25%) men had high-grade PCa (grade group ≥2). We found that high LCω3-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) level in prostate tissue (odds ratio (OR) 0.25; 95% (confidence interval (CI) 0.08–0.79; p-trend = 0.03) was associated with lower odds of high-grade PCa. Similar results were observed for LCω3 dietary intake (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.11-0.83; p-trend = 0.02) but no association for RBC. LCω3-EPA levels in the target prostate tissue are inversely associated with high-grade PCa in men with low-risk PCa, supporting that prostate tissue FA, but not RBC FA, is a reliable biomarker of PCa risk.
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer diagnosis made in men and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Prostate cancer may be asymptomatic at the early stage and often has an indolent course that may require only active surveillance. Based on GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates, 1,276,106 new cases of prostate cancer were reported worldwide in 2018, with higher prevalence in the developed countries. Differences in the incidence rates worldwide reflect differences in the use of diagnostic testing. Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates are strongly related to the age with the highest incidence being seen in elderly men (> 65 years of age). African-American men have the highest incidence rates and more aggressive type of prostate cancer compared to White men. There is no evidence yet on how to prevent prostate cancer; however, it is possible to lower the risk by limiting high-fat foods, increasing the intake of vegetables and fruits and performing more exercise. Screening is highly recommended at age 45 for men with familial history and African-American men. Up-to-date statistics on prostate cancer occurrence and outcomes along with a better understanding of the etiology and causative risk factors are essential for the primary prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Rawla
- Hospitalist, Department of Internal Medicine, SOVAH Health, Martinsville, VA 24112, USA.
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Zhang J, Wang L, You X, Xian T, Wu J, Pang J. Nanoparticle Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Overview and Perspectives. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:57-73. [PMID: 30686255 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190125145836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Traditional prostate cancer therapy and especially chemotherapy has faced many challenges. Low accumulation levels, rapid clearance or drug resistance at the tumor site have been central to why the effect of chemotherapy drugs has declined. Applications of nanotechnology to biomedicine have enabled the development of nanoparticle therapeutic carriers suited for the delivery of chemotherapeutics in cancer therapy. This review describes the current nature of nanoparticle therapeutic carriers for prostate cancer. It describes typical nanocarriers commonly used for the delivery of chemotherapy or for imaging examination. Targeting strategies and related influencing factors are investigated to find ways of enhancing treatment effects of nanoparticles. The overall purpose of this review is to further understanding and to offer recommendations on the design and development of therapeutic nanoparticles for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Liying Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xinru You
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Tuzeng Xian
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.,Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
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Thederan I, Chandrasekar T, Tennstedt P, Kuehl L, Sorbe C, Tilki D, Augustin M, Heinzer H, Zyriax BC. Poor Adherence to International Cancer Prevention Recommendations Among Patients With Prostate Cancer: First Results From the MARTINI-Lifestyle Cohort. Eur Urol Focus 2019; 6:935-940. [PMID: 30685354 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promotion of a healthy lifestyle in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) has gained traction to increase patient investment in his/her health care practices, improve patient quality of life, and improve survival outcomes. OBJECTIVE To investigate adherence of patients with PCa to healthy lifestyle recommendations from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 2227 men with PCa scheduled for radical prostatectomy in the Martini-Klinik at the University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany between January 2016 and December 2017. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Age and clinical characteristics were collected at the time of the diagnosis. Assessment of diet and physical activity data were obtained via e-mail surveys using validated questionnaires developed for the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study [food frequency questionnaire, version 2 (FFQ2), EPIC-Physical Activity Questionnaire (EPIC-PAQ)]. Baseline characteristics were calculated as means and standard deviations for continuous data or counts and percentages for categorical data. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Patients followed 3.3 (±1.5) of the 10 WCRF/AICR recommendations. None of the participants reached all goals; 67.3% of the patients did not fulfill the criteria of a healthy normal weight, 33.5% reported no exercise at all, and 49.6% were characterized as current or ex-smokers. As to nutritional goals, 75.4% did not meet the recommended intake of meat, 88.8% reported a low consumption of fruit and vegetables, and 86% did not achieve the recommended fiber intake. Because these analyses are based on self-reported data of diet and lifestyle, a bias toward underreporting cannot be excluded. CONCLUSIONS First results of the MARTINI-Lifestyle cohort show that adherence to the AICR/WCRF recommendations for cancer prevention is poor. PATIENT SUMMARY Patients with prostate cancer scheduled for surgery do not adhere to cancer prevention guidelines. Thus, improving lifestyle habits may provide significant impact on patient health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Thederan
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thenappan Chandrasekar
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pierre Tennstedt
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Kuehl
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Sorbe
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Derya Tilki
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Augustin
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit-Christiane Zyriax
- Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Gevariya N, Besançon M, Robitaille K, Picard V, Diabaté L, Alesawi A, Julien P, Fradet Y, Bergeron A, Fradet V. Omega-3 fatty acids decrease prostate cancer progression associated with an anti-tumor immune response in eugonadal and castrated mice. Prostate 2019; 79:9-20. [PMID: 30073695 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence suggest effects of dietary fat on prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. Targeting omega (ω)-3:ω6 fatty acids (FA) ratio could be beneficial against PCa by favorably modulating inflammation. Here, we studied the effects of ω3- and ω6-enriched diets on prostate tumor growth and inflammatory response in androgen-deprived and non-deprived conditions. METHODS Immune-competent eugonadal and castrated C57BL/6 mice were injected with TRAMP-C2 prostate tumor cells and daily fed with ω3- or ω6-enriched diet. FA and cytokine profiles were measured in blood and tumors using gas chromatography and multiplex immunoassay, respectively. Immune cell infiltration in tumors was profiled by multicolor flow cytometry. RESULTS ω3-enriched diet decreased prostate TRAMP-C2 tumor growth in immune-competent eugonadal and castrated mice. Cytokines associated with Th1 immune response (IL-12 [p70], IFN-γ, GM-CSF) and eosinophil recruitment (eotaxin-1, IL-5, and IL-13) were significantly elevated in tumors of ω3-fed mice. Using in vitro experiments, we confirmed ω3 FA-induced eotaxin-1 secretion by tumor cells and that eotaxin-1 secretion was regulated by androgens. Analysis of immune cell infiltrating tumors showed no major difference of immune cells' abundance between ω3- and ω6-enriched diets. CONCLUSIONS ω3-enriched diet reduces prostate tumor growth independently of androgen levels. ω3 FA can inhibit tumor cell growth and induce a local anti-tumor inflammatory response. These findings warrant further examination of dietary ω3's potential to slow down the progression of androgen-sensitive and castrate-resistant PCa by modulating immune cell function in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikunj Gevariya
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marjorie Besançon
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karine Robitaille
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Picard
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lamoussa Diabaté
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anwar Alesawi
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval-CHUL, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Bergeron
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
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Song ZY, Yao Q, Zhuo Z, Ma Z, Chen G. Circulating vitamin D level and mortality in prostate cancer patients: a dose-response meta-analysis. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:R294-R303. [PMID: 30352424 PMCID: PMC6240137 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies investigating the association of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D level with prognosis of prostate cancer yielded controversial results. We conducted a dose-response meta-analysis to elucidate the relationship. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for eligible studies up to July 15, 2018. We performed a dose-response meta-analysis using random-effect model to calculate the summary hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI of mortality in patients with prostate cancer. Seven eligible cohort studies with 7808 participants were included. The results indicated that higher vitamin D level could reduce the risk of death among prostate cancer patients. The summary HR of prostate cancer-specific mortality correlated with an increment of every 20 nmol/L in circulating vitamin D level was 0.91, with 95% CI 0.87-0.97, P = 0.002. The HR for all-cause mortality with the increase of 20 nmol/L vitamin D was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84-0.98, P = 0.01). Sensitivity analysis suggested the pooled HRs were stable and not obviously changed by any single study. No evidence of publications bias was observed. This meta-analysis suggested that higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was associated with a reduction of mortality in prostate cancer patients and vitamin D is an important protective factor in the progression and prognosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-yu Song
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to G Chen:
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Adherence to Mediterranean diet and prostate cancer risk in Sicily: population-based case-control study. Int J Impot Res 2018; 31:269-275. [PMID: 30337696 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-018-0088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the sixth leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. Countries following a Mediterranean-type dietary pattern, has been reported to have lower PCa incidence and mortality compared with other European regions. A population-based case-control study has been conducted from January 2015 to December 2016 in a single institution of the municipality of Catania, southern Italy. A total of 118 PCa and 238 population-based controls were collected. Controls had significantly higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet, which was evident for several subgroups (including age groups, overweight and obese men, current smokers, alcohol intake, low and medium physical activity levels). PCa cases were found to consume lower amount of vegetables (223 g/d vs. 261 g/d; p = 0.001), legumes (34.26 g/d vs. 53.55 g/d; p = 0.003), and fish (47.75 g/d vs. 58.3 g/d) than controls; other differences emerged were related to alcohol intake (12.37 g/d vs 5.07 g/d; p < 0.01), cereals (254.06 g/d vs.235.94 g/d; p < 0.001), dairy (196 g/d vs. 166 g/d; p < 0.001), and meat consumption (98.09 g/d vs. 70.15 g/d; p < 0.001). However, no statistically significant differences between cases and controls were found regarding fruit, legumes, and olive oil consumption. The Mediterranean diet score was inversely associated with lower likelihood of having PCa in a linear manner (odds ratio [OR]: 0.86 [95% CI 0.77-0.96]). Specifically, individuals in the highest group of adherence had 78% less likelihood of have PCa and 14% less likelihood for each point increase of the score. The model adjusted for total polyphenol intake showed still a significant inverse association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and PCa, but the relation was no more linear and not significant for one-point increase of the score (OR: 0.88 [95% CI 0.77-1.01]). In our cohorts of Italian men, we observed that high adherence to the Mediterranean diet was inversely associated with likelihood of having PCa cancer.
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Orillion A, Damayanti NP, Shen L, Adelaiye-Ogala R, Affronti H, Elbanna M, Chintala S, Ciesielski M, Fontana L, Kao C, Elzey BD, Ratliff TL, Nelson DE, Smiraglia D, Abrams SI, Pili R. Dietary Protein Restriction Reprograms Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Enhances Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:6383-6395. [PMID: 30190370 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diet and healthy weight are established means of reducing cancer incidence and mortality. However, the impact of diet modifications on the tumor microenvironment and antitumor immunity is not well defined. Immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are associated with poor clinical outcomes and are potentially modifiable through dietary interventions. We tested the hypothesis that dietary protein restriction modifies macrophage function toward antitumor phenotypes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Macrophage functional status under different tissue culture conditions and in vivo was assessed by Western blot, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and cytokine array analyses. Tumor growth in the context of protein or amino acid (AA) restriction and immunotherapy, namely, a survivin peptide-based vaccine or a PD-1 inhibitor, was examined in animal models of prostate (RP-B6Myc) and renal (RENCA) cell carcinoma. All tests were two-sided. RESULTS Protein or AA-restricted macrophages exhibited enhanced tumoricidal, proinflammatory phenotypes, and in two syngeneic tumor models, protein or AA-restricted diets elicited reduced TAM infiltration, tumor growth, and increased response to immunotherapies. Further, we identified a distinct molecular mechanism by which AA-restriction reprograms macrophage function via a ROS/mTOR-centric cascade. CONCLUSIONS Dietary protein restriction alters TAM activity and enhances the tumoricidal capacity of this critical innate immune cell type, providing the rationale for clinical testing of this supportive tool in patients receiving cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Orillion
- Genitourinary Malignancies Program, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University at Buffalo, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Nur P Damayanti
- Genitourinary Malignancies Program, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Remi Adelaiye-Ogala
- Genitourinary Malignancies Program, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Cancer Pathology and Prevention, University at Buffalo, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Hayley Affronti
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University at Buffalo, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - May Elbanna
- Genitourinary Malignancies Program, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sreenivasulu Chintala
- Genitourinary Malignancies Program, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michael Ciesielski
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Charles Perkins Centre and Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chinghai Kao
- Department of Urology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bennett D Elzey
- Department of Urology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Timothy L Ratliff
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - David E Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Dominic Smiraglia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University at Buffalo, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, University at Buffalo, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
| | - Roberto Pili
- Genitourinary Malignancies Program, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Schneider L, Su LJ, Arab L, Bensen JT, Farnan L, Fontham ETH, Song L, Hussey J, Merchant AT, Mohler JL, Steck SE. Dietary patterns based on the Mediterranean diet and DASH diet are inversely associated with high aggressive prostate cancer in PCaP. Ann Epidemiol 2018; 29:16-22.e1. [PMID: 30268488 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several foods and nutrients have been linked to the development of prostate cancer, but the association between healthy dietary patterns and prostate cancer aggressiveness is less studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the Mediterranean diet (MED) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet scores and prostate cancer aggressiveness by race. METHODS Data from the population-based, case-only North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP) were used to examine the association between diet quality, measured by MED and DASH scores, and prostate cancer aggressiveness in 1899 African American (AA) and European American (EA) research subjects. Dietary intake was assessed using a modified National Cancer Institute Diet History Questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for high versus low-intermediate aggressive prostate cancer. RESULTS Higher MED scores were inversely associated with high aggressive prostate cancer overall (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.95 for high versus low scores); results were similar for AA and EA men. A weaker inverse association between DASH scores and prostate cancer aggressiveness was found (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.55, 1.06). CONCLUSIONS Higher diet quality, as represented by a Mediterranean-style diet or DASH diet, may reduce the odds of high aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Schneider
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - L Joseph Su
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute and College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Lenore Arab
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jeannette T Bensen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Laura Farnan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Elizabeth T H Fontham
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Lixin Song
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James Hussey
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Anwar T Merchant
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - James L Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY; Department of Urology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Susan E Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.
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Jian Z, Ye D, Chen Y, Li H, Wang K. Sexual Activity and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. J Sex Med 2018; 15:1300-1309. [PMID: 30122473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of sexual activity (SA) on prostate cancer (PCa) risk is still controversial. AIM To determine the associations among number of female sexual partners, age at first intercourse, ejaculation frequency (EF), and the risk of PCa. METHODS A systematic literature search on MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted to identify the relevant studies published before April 2018. We calculated the summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI to determine the association between SA and PCa risk. A 2-stage dose-response meta-analysis was performed to explore the trend from the correlated log OR estimates. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Outcome measures included characteristics of included studies, associations among number of female sexual partners, age at first intercourse, as well as EF and PCa risk. RESULTS A total of 21 case-control studies and 1 cohort study with 55,490 participants (14,976 patients and 40,514 controls) were included in this meta-analysis. Linear and significant dose-response associations were found among number of female sexual partner as well as age at first intercourse and PCa risk, an increment of 10 female sexual partners associated with a 1.10-fold increase of PCa risk (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.21), and the risk of PCa was decreased by 4% for every 5-year delay in age at first intercourse (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92-0.99). Although no linear association was observed between EF and the risk of PCa, moderate EF (2-4 times per week) was significantly associated with a lower risk of PCa (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.87-0.96). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Modification of SA factors would appear to be a useful low-risk approach to decreasing the risk of PCa. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS This is the first dose-response meta-analysis performed to describe the association between SA and PCa risk. However, the direction of causality between SA and risk of PCa should be interpreted with caution because most included studies used case-control design. CONCLUSION Meta-analysis of the included studies indicated that men with fewer sexual partner numbers, older age at first intercourse, and moderate frequent ejaculation were associated with a significantly decreased risk of PCa. Jian Z, Ye D, Chen Y, et al. Sexual Activity and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. J Sex Med 2018;15:1300-1309.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Jian
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Ye
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntian Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Gómez-Acebo I, Dierssen-Sotos T, Palazuelos C, Fernández-Navarro P, Castaño-Vinyals G, Alonso-Molero J, Urtiaga C, Fernández-Villa T, Ardanaz E, Rivas-del-Fresno M, Molina-Barceló A, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, García-Martinez L, Amiano P, Rodriguez-Cundin P, Moreno V, Pérez-Gómez B, Aragonés N, Kogevinas M, Pollán M, Llorca J. Pigmentation phototype and prostate and breast cancer in a select Spanish population-A Mendelian randomization analysis in the MCC-Spain study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201750. [PMID: 30106959 PMCID: PMC6091948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phototype has been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, and it is yet unknown if it is related to other hormone-dependent cancers, such as breast cancer or whether this association could be considered causal. METHODS We examined the association between the phototype and breast and prostate cancers using a Mendelian randomization analysis. We studied 1,738 incident cases of breast cancer and another 817 cases of prostate cancer. To perform a Mendelian randomization analysis on the phototype-cancer relationship, a genetic pigmentation score was required that met the following criteria: (1) the genetic pigmentation score was associated with phototype in controls; (2) the genetic pigmentation score was not associated with confounders in the relationship between phototype and cancer, and (3) the genetic pigmentation score was associated with cancer only through its association with phototype. Once this genetic score is available, the association between genetic pigmentation score and cancer can be identified as the association between phototype and cancer. RESULTS The association between the genetic pigmentation score and phototype in controls showed that a higher genetic pigmentation score was associated with fair skin, blond hair, blue eyes and the presence of freckles. Applying the Mendelian randomization analysis, we verified that there was no association between the genetic pigmentation score and cancers of the breast and prostate. CONCLUSIONS Phototype is not associated with breast or prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Gómez-Acebo
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP),Spain
- University of Cantabria–IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP),Spain
- University of Cantabria–IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Fernández-Navarro
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP),Spain
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP),Spain
- ISGlobal Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Urtiaga
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Tania Fernández-Villa
- Grupo de Investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP),Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Molina-Barceló
- Área de Cáncer y Salud Pública, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Salud Pública), Valencia, Spain
| | - José-Juan Jiménez-Moleón
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP),Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Lidia García-Martinez
- Grupo de Investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP),Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Víctor Moreno
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP),Spain
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP),Spain
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP),Spain
- Subdirección General de Epidemiología, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP),Spain
- ISGlobal Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Pollán
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP),Spain
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Llorca
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP),Spain
- University of Cantabria–IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
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Giunchi F, Fiorentino M, Loda M. The Metabolic Landscape of Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol Oncol 2018; 2:28-36. [PMID: 30929843 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Neoplastic cells are characterized by metabolic alterations that sustain tumor growth. Interventions aimed at modifying metabolic rewiring of cancer cells are currently being investigated in several tumor types, including prostate cancer (PC). OBJECTIVE To review relevant metabolic alterations reported for PC and potential diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities that could be exploited on the basis of these discoveries. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We performed a review of PubMed/Medline in March 2018 for PC in association with each of the following search terms: metabolomics; lipid, cholesterol, one-carbon, amino acid, and glucose metabolism. Fifty publications were selected for inclusion in this analysis. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The reports included were grouped according to fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism (28 studies); one-carbon metabolism (9 studies); amino acid metabolism (6 studies); and glucose metabolism (7 studies). We report on multiple metabolic pathways that are dysregulated in prostate cancer. Metabolic alterations can result in at least one of the following changes: protein lipidation, oncogene activation, DNA methylation, cellular signaling, and protein-protein interactions. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic alterations play a crucial role in PC development, progression, and resistance to therapy. Increasing knowledge of metabolic rewiring is revealing novel metabolic signatures in PC. These signatures could be utilized for PC diagnosis, as well as for the discovery of novel therapeutic interventions to overcome castration resistance. PATIENT SUMMARY Metabolic alterations play a crucial role in the development and progression of prostate cancer and its resistance to therapy. Our knowledge of metabolic rewiring is increasing and revealing novel metabolic signatures in prostate cancer. These signatures could be used for diagnosis and for the discovery of novel therapeutic interventions aimed at overcoming castration resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giunchi
- Division of Genito-Urinary Pathology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Teaching Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Division of Genito-Urinary Pathology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Teaching Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pili
- Genitourinary Cancers Program, Indiana University-Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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Galbraith L, Leung HY, Ahmad I. Lipid pathway deregulation in advanced prostate cancer. Pharmacol Res 2018; 131:177-184. [PMID: 29466694 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The link between prostate cancer (PC) development and lipid metabolism is well established, with AR intimately involved in a number of lipogenic processes involving SREBP1, PPARG, FASN, ACC, ACLY and SCD1. Recently, there is growing evidence implicating the role of obesity and peri-prostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) in PC aggressiveness and related mortality, suggesting the importance of lipid pathways in both localised and disseminated disease. A number of promising agents are in development to target the lipogenic axis in PC, and the likelihood is that these agents will form part of combination drug strategies, with targeting of multiple metabolic pathways (e.g. FASN and CPT1), or in combination with AR pathway inhibitors (SCD1 and AR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Galbraith
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Hing Y Leung
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Imran Ahmad
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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Gansler T, Shah R, Wang Y, Stevens VL, Yang B, Newton CC, Gapstur SM, Jacobs EJ. Smoking and Prostate Cancer–Specific Mortality after Diagnosis in a Large Prospective Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:665-672. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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48
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Obesity does not promote tumorigenesis of localized patient-derived prostate cancer xenografts. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47650-47662. [PMID: 27351281 PMCID: PMC5216968 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are established epidemiological links between obesity and the severity of prostate cancer. We directly tested this relationship by assessing tumorigenicity of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of moderate-grade localized prostate cancer in lean and obese severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Mice were rendered obese and insulin resistant by high-fat feeding for 6 weeks prior to transplantation, and PDXs were assessed 10 weeks thereafter. Histological analysis of PDX grafts showed no differences in tumor pathology, prostate-specific antigen, androgen receptor and homeobox protein Nkx-3.1 expression, or proliferation index in lean versus obese mice. Whilst systemic obesity per se did not promote prostate tumorigenicity, we next asked whether the peri-prostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), which covers the prostate anteriorly, plays a role in prostate tumorigenesis. In vitro studies in a cellularized co-culture model of stromal and epithelial cells demonstrated that factors secreted from human PPAT are pro-tumorigenic. Accordingly, we recapitulated the prostate-PPAT spatial relationship by co-grafting human PPAT with prostate cancer in PDX grafts. PDX tissues were harvested 10 weeks after grafting, and histological analysis revealed no evidence of enhanced tumorigenesis with PPAT compared to prostate cancer grafts alone. Altogether, these data demonstrate that prostate cancer tumorigenicity is not accelerated in the setting of diet-induced obesity or in the presence of human PPAT, prompting the need for further work to define the at-risk populations of obesity-driven tumorigenesis and the biological factors linking obesity, adipose tissue and prostate cancer pathogenesis.
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Van Hoang D, Lee AH, Pham NM, Binns CW. Prostate Cancer Risk Reduced by Physical Activity Even Among Men With Prolonged Sitting Time: A Study From Vietnam. Asia Pac J Public Health 2018; 30:227-234. [PMID: 29457496 DOI: 10.1177/1010539518756980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing prostate cancer incidence in the Asia-Pacific region may be related to a more sedentary lifestyle resulted from economic growth and rapid urbanization. The present case-control study of 640 men aged 64 to 75 years was conducted in Vietnam between 2013 and 2015 to ascertain the relationship between physical activity and prostate cancer risk, accounting for the duration of sitting time. Reduced prostate cancer risks were found for men engaging in medium (15.8-47.3 metabolic equivalent task [MET]-h/week) and high (>47.3 MET-h/week) physical activity levels, with the adjusted odds ratios being 0.52 (95% confidence interval = 0.35-0.77) and 0.27 (95% confidence interval = 0.14-0.49), respectively. This association was independent of sitting time. Analyses of joint association of physical activity and sitting time also found a reduction in the cancer risk for higher energy expenditure levels. Similar results were evident for both low-medium and high grade tumors. The findings are important for developing health strategies to prevent prostate cancer in Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Van Hoang
- 1 National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi City, Vietnam
| | - Andy H Lee
- 2 Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ngoc Minh Pham
- 2 Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,3 Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen City, Vietnam
| | - Colin W Binns
- 2 Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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50
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Al Qadire M, Alkhalaileh M, ALBashtawy M. Lifestyle and Dietary Factors and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Multicentre Case-Control Study. Clin Nurs Res 2018; 28:992-1008. [PMID: 29426230 DOI: 10.1177/1054773818757311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the association between fruit and vegetable intake, high fat, body mass index (BMI) score, physical activity, and the occurrence of prostate cancer among Jordanian men. A case-control study was conducted in three large referral hospitals. The sample included 165 prostate cancer patients in the case group and 177 healthy participants in the control group. The results showed that smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.18, 0.57]), a history of prostate infection (OR = 0.21; 95% CI = [0.11, 0.38]), high-fat intake (OR = 0.44; 95% CI = [0.23, 0.85]), and increased mean of BMI (OR = 1.08; 95% CI = [1.02, 1.13]) increased the likelihood of developing prostate cancer. Healthy diet and giving up smoking are recommended, as they may contribute to a reduction in the incidence of prostate cancer. More randomized clinical trials in this area are needed to strengthen the available evidence and reduce the effects of confounding variables.
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