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Maia LA, de Souza JR, da Silva LDFR, Magnani M, de Souza EL, de Brito Alves JL. Effects of Probiotics on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Its Associations With Cardiac Autonomic Function in Women With Arterial Hypertension: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10303-6. [PMID: 38842655 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Preclinical evidence suggests that probiotic administration may exert an anti-inflammatory effect and reduce autonomic dysfunction and blood pressure. This study evaluated the effects of probiotic therapy on inflammatory biomarkers and characterized the correlations between inflammation and cardiac autonomic function in women with arterial hypertension. Women were randomized into probiotics (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20). The probiotic group received 109 CFU/day of Lactobacillus (L.) paracasei LPC-37, L. rhamnosus HN001, L. acidophilus NCFM, and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019, and the placebo group received polydextrose. Clinical, electrocardiogram, heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, and cytokine levels were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks. Women who received probiotics for 8 weeks had increased serum levels of IL-17A (p = 0.02) and decreased INF-γ (p = 0.02) compared to baseline. Probiotic supplementation increased serum levels of IL-10 compared to the placebo group (p = 0.03). Probiotic or placebo administration did not change serum levels of TNFα and IL-6. Serum levels of IL-2 (p = 0.001, and p = 0.001) and IL-4 (p = 0.001, and p = 0.001) were reduced in women receiving placebo or probiotics, respectively. Correlations between HRV indices and inflammatory variables showed that INF-γ was positively correlated with heart rate (HR) and sympathetic HRV indices and negatively correlated with vagal HRV indices. IL-10 was negatively correlated with HR and sympathetic HRV indices. IL-6 was negatively correlated with parasympathetic HRV indices and positively correlated with SD2/SD1 ratio. Probiotic therapy has a discreet anti-inflammatory effect in hypertensive women, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were negatively correlated with vagal modulation and positively correlated with sympathetic modulation of HRV. The clinical trial was registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) with the identification RBR-9mj2dt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Araújo Maia
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marciane Magnani
- Department of Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
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Gedney JR, Mattia V, Figueroa M, Barksdale C, Fannin E, Silverman J, Xiong Y, Mukherjee R, Jones JA, Ruddy JM. Biomechanical dysregulation of SGK-1 dependent aortic pathologic markers in hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1359734. [PMID: 38903966 PMCID: PMC11187291 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1359734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In hypertension (HTN), biomechanical stress may drive matrix remodeling through dysfunctional VSMC activity. Prior evidence has indicated VSMC tension-induced signaling through the serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase-1 (SGK-1) can impact cytokine abundance. Here, we hypothesize that SGK-1 impacts production of additional aortic pathologic markers (APMs) representing VSMC dysfunction in HTN. Methods Aortic VSMC expression of APMs was quantified by QPCR in cyclic biaxial stretch (Stretch) +/- AngiotensinII (AngII). APMs were selected to represent VSMC dedifferentiated transcriptional activity, specifically Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Cathepsin S (CtsS), Cystatin C (CysC), Osteoprotegerin (OPG), and Tenascin C (TNC). To further assess the effect of tension alone, abdominal aortic rings from C57Bl/6 WT mice were held in a myograph at experimentally derived optimal tension (OT) or OT + 30% +/-AngII. Dependence on SGK-1 was assessed by treating with EMD638683 (SGK-1 inhibitor) and APMs were measured by QPCR. Then, WT and smooth muscle cell specific SGK-1 heterozygous knockout (SMC-SGK-1KO+/-) mice had AngII-induced HTN. Systolic blood pressure and mechanical stress parameters were assessed on Day 0 and Day 21. Plasma was analyzed by ELISA to quantify APMs. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA. Results In cultured aortic VSMCs, expression of all APMs was increased in response to biomechanical stimuli (Stretch +/-AngII,). Integrating the matrix contribution to signal transduction in the aortic rings led to IL-6 and CysC demonstrating SGK-1 dependence in response to elevated tension and interactive effect with concurrent AngII stimulation. CtsS and TNC, on the other hand, primarily responded to AngII, and OPG expression was unaffected in aortic ring experimentation. Both mouse strains had >30% increase in blood pressure with AngII infusion, reduced aortic distensibility and increased PPV, indicating increased aortic stiffness. In WT + AngII mice, IL-6, CtsS, CysC, and TNC plasma levels were significantly elevated, but these APMs were unaffected by HTN in the SMC-SGK-1KO+/- +AngII mice, suggesting SGK-1 plays a major role in VSMC biomechanical signaling to promote dysfunctional production of selected APMs. Conclusion In HTN, changes in the plasma levels of markers associated with aortic matrix homeostasis can reflect remodeling driven by mechanobiologic signaling in dysfunctional VSMCs, potentially through the activity of SGK-1. Further defining these pathways may identify therapeutic targets to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Ryan Gedney
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Victoria Mattia
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Christian Barksdale
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Ethan Fannin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jonah Silverman
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Ying Xiong
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Rupak Mukherjee
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Jones
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jean Marie Ruddy
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Al Ashmar S, Anwardeen NR, Anlar GG, Pedersen S, Elrayess MA, Zeidan A. Metabolomic profiling reveals key metabolites associated with hypertension progression. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1284114. [PMID: 38390445 PMCID: PMC10881871 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1284114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pre-hypertension is a prevalent condition among the adult population worldwide. It is characterized by asymptomatic elevations in blood pressure beyond normal levels but not yet reaching the threshold for hypertension. If left uncontrolled, pre-hypertension can progress to hypertension, thereby increasing the risk of serious complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and others. Objective The precise mechanisms driving the progression of hypertension remain unknown. Thus, identifying the metabolic changes associated with this condition can provide valuable insights into potential markers or pathways implicated in the development of hypertension. Methods In this study, we utilized untargeted metabolomics profiling, which examines over 1,000 metabolites to identify novel metabolites contributing to the progression from pre-hypertension to hypertension. Data were collected from 323 participants through Qatar Biobank. Results By comparing metabolic profiles between pre-hypertensive, hypertensive and normotensive individuals, six metabolites including stearidonate, hexadecadienoate, N6-carbamoylthreonyladenosine, 9 and 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE), 2,3-dihydroxy-5-methylthio- 4-pentenoate (DMTPA), and linolenate were found to be associated with increased risk of hypertension, in both discovery and validation cohorts. Moreover, these metabolites showed a significant diagnostic performance with area under curve >0.7. Conclusion These findings suggest possible biomarkers that can predict the risk of progression from pre-hypertension to hypertension. This will aid in early detection, diagnosis, and management of this disease as well as its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Al Ashmar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Gulsen Guliz Anlar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shona Pedersen
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Elrayess
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Caiazzo E, Sharma M, Rezig AOM, Morsy MI, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Ialenti A, Sulicka-Grodzicka J, Pellicori P, Crouch SH, Schutte AE, Bruzzese D, Maffia P, Guzik TJ. Circulating cytokines and risk of developing hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107050. [PMID: 38159784 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune responses play a significant role in hypertension, though the importance of key inflammatory mediators remains to be defined. We used a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to study the associations between key cytokines and incident hypertension. METHODS We performed a systematic search of Pubmed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), for peer-reviewed studies published up to August 2022. Incident hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg and/or the use of antihypertensive medications. Random effects meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled hazard ratios (HRs)/risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals by cytokine levels (highest vs. lowest quartile). RESULTS Only IL-6 and IL-1β levels have evidence allowing for quantitative evaluation concerning the onset of hypertension. Six studies (10406 participants, 2932 incident cases) examined the association of IL-6 with incident hypertension. The highest versus lowest quartile of circulating IL-6 was associated with a significant HR/RR of hypertension (1.61, 95% CI: 1.00 to 2.60; I2 =87%). After adjusting for potential confounders, including body mass index (BMI), HR/RR was no longer significant (HR/RR: 1.24; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.61; I2 = 56%). About IL-1β, neither the crude (HR/RR: 1.03; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.76; n = 2) nor multivariate analysis (HR/RR: 0.97, 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.56; n = 2) suggested a significant association with the risk of developing hypertension. CONCLUSIONS A limited number of studies suggest that higher IL-6, but not IL-1β, might be associated with the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Caiazzo
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Malvika Sharma
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Asma O M Rezig
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Moustafa I Morsy
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Marta Czesnikiewicz-Guzik
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Periodontology, Prophylaxis and Oral Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Armando Ialenti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Joanna Sulicka-Grodzicka
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kracow, Poland
| | - Pierpaolo Pellicori
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Simone H Crouch
- SA MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; MRC Research Unit: Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia; School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dario Bruzzese
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Africa-Europe Cluster of Research Excellence in Non-Communicable Diseases & Multimorbidity, African Research Universities Alliance (ARUA) & The Guild of European Research-intensive Universities, South Africa.
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Africa-Europe Cluster of Research Excellence in Non-Communicable Diseases & Multimorbidity, African Research Universities Alliance (ARUA) & The Guild of European Research-intensive Universities, South Africa; Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine and Omicron Medical Genomics Laboratory, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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Bolin LP, Crane PB, Gunn LH. Exploring Cytokine Networks in Resistant Hypertension. Nurs Res 2024; 73:16-25. [PMID: 37878533 PMCID: PMC10841083 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlling high blood pressure (BP) continues to be a major concern because the associated complications can lead to an increased risk of heart, brain, and kidney disease. Those with hypertension, despite lifestyle and diet modifications and pharmacotherapy, defined as resistant hypertension, are at increased risk for further risk for morbidity and mortality. Understanding inflammation in this population may provide novel avenues for treatment. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine a broad range of cytokines in adults with cardiovascular disease and identify specific cytokines associated with resistant hypertension. METHODS A secondary data analysis was conducted. The parent study included 156 adults with a history of myocardial infarction within the past 3-7 years and with a multiplex plasma analysis yielding a cytokine panel. A network analysis with lasso penalization for sparsity was performed to explore associations between cytokines and BP. Associated network centrality measures by cytokine were produced, and a community graph was extracted. A sensitivity analysis BP was also performed. RESULTS Cytokines with larger node strength measures were sTNFR2 and CX3. The graphical network highlighted six cytokines strongly associated with resistant hypertension. Cytokines IL-29 and CCL3 were found to be negatively associated with resistant hypertension, whereas CXCL12, MMP3, sCD163, and sIL6Rb were positively associated with resistant hypertension. DISCUSSION Understanding the network of associations through exploring oxidative stress and vascular inflammation may provide insight into treatment approaches for resistant hypertension.
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Abdel-Salam Elgohary M, Ali A, J Alarfaj S, Shahin H, Ibrahim Zaki A, Medhat Hasan E, Emam Mohamed M, Mahmoud Elkholy A, El-Masry TA, Samir Kamal J, Ali AbdelRahim M, Wageh Saber A, Seadawy MG, Elshishtawy MHM, El-Bouseary MM. Even one dose of tocilizumab could hinder bad prognosis of cytokines storm in COVID-19 patients. Cytokine 2024; 173:156433. [PMID: 37972479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 pneumonia is a principal cause of death due to cascade of hyper inflammatory condition that leading to lung damage. Therefore, an effective therapy to countercurrent the surge of uncontrolled inflammation is mandatory to propose. Anti-interlukin-6 receptor antagonist monoclonal therapy, tocilizumab (TCZ) showed potential results in COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to emphasize the factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients that treated with tocilizumab and may influence the level of serum IL-6. A retrospective cohort study included all patients with clinical parameters that pointed to presence of cytokines storm and treated with one or more doses of TCZ beside the regular protocol of COVID-19 pneumonia. The factors that influence the mortality in addition to the level of serum IL-6 were analyzed. A total of 377 patients were included, 69.5 % of them received only one dose of TCZ which started mainly at the third day of admission. The mortality rate was 29.44 %. Regardless the time of starting TCZ, just one dose was fair enough to prevent bad consequence; OR = 0.04, P = 0.001.However, in spite of protective action of TCZ, older age and female sex were significant risk factors for mortality, P = 0.001 and 0.01 respectively, as well heart disease. Moreover, increasing the level of neutrophil, AST and IL-6 were associated with bad prognosis. In the same line, treatment with ivermectin, chloroquine and remdesivir inversely affect the level of IL-6. Early treatments of COVID-19 pneumonia with at least one dose of tocilizumab minimized the fatality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asmaa Ali
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Abbassia Chest Hospital, MOH, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Sumaiah J Alarfaj
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University. P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hesham Shahin
- Chest Consultant, Manager of Military Chest Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | | | | | | | - Thanaa A El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Ashgan Wageh Saber
- Chemistry Laboratory Department, Central Military Laboratories, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed G Seadawy
- Biological Prevention Department, Ministry of Defense, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Maisra M El-Bouseary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Copur S, Peltek IB, Mutlu A, Tanriover C, Kanbay M. A new immune disease: systemic hypertension. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:1403-1419. [PMID: 37664577 PMCID: PMC10469084 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic hypertension is the most common medical comorbidity affecting the adult population globally, with multiple associated outcomes including cerebrovascular diseases, cardiovascular diseases, vascular calcification, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome and mortality. Despite advancements in the therapeutic field approximately one in every five adult patients with hypertension is classified as having treatment-resistant hypertension, indicating the need for studies to provide better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and the need for more therapeutic targets. Recent pre-clinical studies have demonstrated the role of the innate and adaptive immune system including various cell types and cytokines in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Moreover, pre-clinical studies have indicated the potential beneficial effects of immunosuppressant medications in the control of hypertension. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether such pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic alternatives are applicable to human subjects, while this area of research is undoubtedly a rapidly growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim B Peltek
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Mutlu
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Tanriover
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Figueroa M, Hall S, Mattia V, Mendoza A, Brown A, Xiong Y, Mukherjee R, Jones JA, Richardson W, Ruddy JM. Vascular smooth muscle cell mechanotransduction through serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase-1 promotes interleukin-6 production and macrophage accumulation in murine hypertension. JVS Vasc Sci 2023; 4:100124. [PMID: 37920479 PMCID: PMC10618507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2023.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this investigation was to demonstrate that in vivo induction of hypertension (HTN) and in vitro cyclic stretch of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can cause serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK-1)-dependent production of cytokines to promote macrophage accumulation that may promote vascular pathology. Methods HTN was induced in C57Bl/6 mice with angiotensin II infusion (1.46 mg/kg/day × 21 days) with or without systemic infusion of EMD638683 (2.5 mg/kg/day × 21 days), a selective SGK-1 inhibitor. Systolic blood pressure was recorded. Abdominal aortas were harvested to quantify SGK-1 activity (pSGK-1/SGK-1) by immunoblot. Flow cytometry quantified the abundance of CD11b+/F480+ cells (macrophages). Plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Aortic VSMCs from wild-type mice were subjected to 12% biaxial cyclic stretch (Stretch) for 3 or 12 hours with or without EMD638683 (10 μM) and with or without SGK-1 small interfering RNA with subsequent quantitative polymerase chain reaction for IL-6 and MCP-1 expression. IL-6 and MCP-1 in culture media were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Aortic VSMCs from SGK-1flox+/+ mice were transfected with Cre-Adenovirus to knockdown SGK-1 (SGK-1KD VSMCs) and underwent parallel tension experimentation. Computational modeling was used to simulate VSMC signaling. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance with significance at a P value of <.05. Results SGK-1 activity, abundance of CD11b+/F4-80+ cells, and plasma IL-6 were increased in the abdominal aorta of mice with HTN and significantly reduced by treatment with EMD638683. This outcome mirrored the increased abundance of IL-6 in media from Stretch C57Bl/6 VSMCs and attenuation of the effect with EMD638683 or SGK-1 small interfering RNA. C57Bl/6 VSMCs also responded to Stretch with increased MCP-1 expression and secretion into the culture media. Further supporting the integral role of mechanical signaling through SGK-1, target gene expression and cytokine secretion was unchanged in SGK-1KD VSMCs with Stretch, and computer modeling confirmed SGK-1 as an intersecting node of signaling owing to mechanical strain and angiotensin II. Conclusions Mechanical activation of SGK-1 in aortic VSMCs can promote inflammatory signaling and increased macrophage abundance, therefore this kinase warrants further exploration as a pharmacotherapeutic target to abrogate hypertensive vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Figueroa
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - SarahRose Hall
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Victoria Mattia
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Alex Mendoza
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Adam Brown
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Ying Xiong
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Rupak Mukherjee
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Jeffrey A. Jones
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - William Richardson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AK
| | - Jean Marie Ruddy
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
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Saladini F, Palatini P. Is intensive blood pressure reduction a possible solution to counteract the development of diabetes mellitus? Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:986-987. [PMID: 37159538 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Saladini
- Cardiology Unit, Cittadella Town Hospital, Via Riva dell'Ospedale 35013, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Palatini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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10
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Yang Y, Li J, Zhou Z, Wu S, Zhao J, Jia W, Liu M, Shen X, He F, Cheng R. Gut Microbiota Perturbation in Early Life Could Influence Pediatric Blood Pressure Regulation in a Sex-Dependent Manner in Juvenile Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:2661. [PMID: 37375565 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether gut dysbiosis induced by ceftriaxone in early life could influence pediatric blood pressure regulation in childhood with or without exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD). Sixty-three newborn pups of Sprague-Dawley rats were administered ceftriaxone sodium or saline solution until weaning at 3 weeks, and the rats were fed a HFD or regular diet from 3 to 6 weeks. Tail-cuff blood pressure, the expression levels of genes of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the colon and prefrontal cortex, and the composition of fecal microbiota were analyzed. Ceftriaxone treatment significantly increased the diastolic blood pressure of male rats at 3 weeks. At 6 weeks, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly increased only in ceftriaxone treated male rats fed with HFD. The RAS showed increased activation in the kidney, heart, hypothalamus, and thoracic and abdominal aorta of male rats, but only in the kidney, heart, and hypothalamus of female rats. HFD-fed female rats showed a decreased level of IL-6 in the colon. α diversity of gut microbiota decreased and the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio increased in both male and female rats at 3 weeks; however, these parameters recovered to various degrees in female rats at 6 weeks. These results revealed that early-life gut dysbiosis induced by antibiotics combined with a HFD in childhood could be involved in pediatric blood pressure regulation and an increase in SBP in juvenile rats, and these effects occurred in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinxing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhimo Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Simou Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jincheng Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen Jia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meixun Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruyue Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Aboukhater D, Morad B, Nasrallah N, Nasser SA, Sahebkar A, Kobeissy F, Boudaka A, Eid AH. Inflammation and hypertension: Underlying mechanisms and emerging understandings. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1148-1159. [PMID: 37039489 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension remains a major contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD), a leading cause of global death. One of the major insults that drive increased blood pressure is inflammation. While it is the body's defensive response against some homeostatic imbalances, inflammation, when dysregulated, can be very deleterious. In this review, we highlight and discuss the causative relationship between inflammation and hypertension. We critically discuss how the interplay between inflammation and reactive oxygen species evokes endothelial damage and dysfunction, ultimately leading to narrowing and stiffness of blood vessels. This, along with phenotypic switching of the vascular smooth muscle cells and the abnormal increase in extracellular matrix deposition further exacerbates arterial stiffness and noncompliance. We also discuss how hyperhomocysteinemia and microRNA act as links between inflammation and hypertension. The premises we discuss suggest that the blue-sky scenarios for targeting the underlying mechanisms of hypertension necessitate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Aboukhater
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassel Morad
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadim Nasrallah
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ammar Boudaka
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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12
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Fu LW, Gong YD, Nguyen AT, Guo ZL, Tjen-A-Looi SC, Malik S. Sympathoinhibitory electroacupuncture (EA) interacts positively with anti-inflammatory EA alleviating blood pressure in hypertensive rats. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1140255. [PMID: 37324636 PMCID: PMC10262041 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1140255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated sympathetic activity and chronic inflammation are known contributory factors observed in hypertension. We have observed that sympathoinhibitory electroacupuncture (SI-EA) at acupoints ST36-37 alleviates sympathetic activity and hypertension. Additionally, EA at acupoints SP6-7 exerts anti-inflammatory (AI-EA) effects. However, it is not known whether simultaneous stimulation of this combination of acupoints attenuates or enhances individual effects. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to test the hypothesis that combining SI-EA and AI-EA (cEA) leads to greater reduction of hypertension by decreasing sympathetic activity and inflammation in hypertensive rats than either set of acupoints alone. Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive (DSSH) rats were treated with four EA regimens including cEA, SI-EA, AI-EA, and sham-EA twice weekly for five weeks. A group of normotensive (NTN) rats served as control. Systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured non-invasively by tail-cuff. Plasma norepinephrine (NE), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations were determined with ELISA at the completion of treatments. DSSH rats on high salt diet progressively developed moderate hypertension within five weeks. DSSH rats treated with sham-EA showed continuous increase in SBP and DBP and elevations in plasma NE, hs-CRP, and IL-6 levels relative to NTN control. Both SI-EA and cEA decreased SBP and DBP, and had corresponding changes in biomarkers (NE, hs-CRP, and IL-6) compared with sham-EA. AI-EA prevented SBP and DBP elevation and decreased IL-6 and hs-CRP relative to sham-EA. Importantly in DSSH rats that received repetitive cEA treatment, SI-EA interacted positively with AI-EA leading to greater reduction of SBP, DBP, NE, hs-CRP, and IL-6 than SI-EA or AI-EA alone. These data suggest that by targeting both elevated sympathetic activity and chronic inflammation, cEA regimen results in a greater reduction of BP effects in treating hypertension compared to using individual SI-EA or AI-EA alone.
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13
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Qiu T, Jiang Z, Chen X, Dai Y, Zhao H. Comorbidity of Anxiety and Hypertension: Common Risk Factors and Potential Mechanisms. Int J Hypertens 2023; 2023:9619388. [PMID: 37273529 PMCID: PMC10234733 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9619388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is more common in patients with hypertension, and these two conditions frequently coexist. Recently, more emphasis has been placed on determining etiology in patients with comorbid hypertension and anxiety. This review focuses on the common risk factors and potential mechanisms of comorbid hypertension and anxiety. Firstly, we analyze the common risk factors of comorbid hypertension and anxiety including age, smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity, lead, and traffic noise. The specific mechanisms underlying hypertension and anxiety were subsequently discussed, including interleukin (IL)-6 (IL-6), IL-17, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and gut dysbiosis. Increased IL-6, IL-17, and ROS accelerate the development of hypertension and anxiety. Gut dysbiosis leads to hypertension and anxiety by reducing short-chain fatty acids, vitamin D, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and increasing trimethylamine N-oxide (TAMO) and MYC. These shared risk factors and potential mechanisms may provide an effective strategy for treating and preventing hypertension and comorbid anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qiu
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- The Central Hospital of Changsha City, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Zhiming Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410006, China
| | - Xuancai Chen
- Urinary Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Yehua Dai
- Nursing College, University of Xiangnan, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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14
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Li M, Cui Y, Wang P, Cui J, Chen Y, Zhang T. Baicalin mitigates hypertension-linked alterations in the intestinal lymphatic vasculature in part through preserving the functional barrier integrity of lymphatic endothelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
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15
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Matthews J, Hibbs M, Herat L, Schlaich M, Matthews V. The Sympathetic Nervous System Regulates Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 1 Expression in the Kidney. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030819. [PMID: 36979798 PMCID: PMC10045340 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) has been demonstrated in various conditions including obesity, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Elevated levels of the major neurotransmitter of the SNS, norepinephrine (NE), is a cardinal feature of these conditions. Increased levels of the sodium glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) protein have been shown to occur in the parotid and submandibular glands of hypertensive rodents compared to normotensive controls. However, there was a need to examine SGLT1 expression in other tissues, such as the kidneys. Whether NE may directly affect SGLT1 protein expression has not yet been investigated, although such a link has been shown for sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2). Hence, we aimed to determine (i) whether our murine model of neurogenic hypertension displays elevated renal SGLT1 expression and (ii) whether NE may directly promote elevations of SGLT1 in human proximal tubule (HK2) cells. We did indeed demonstrate that in vivo, in our mouse model of neurogenic hypertension, hyperactivation of the SNS promotes SGLT1 expression in the kidneys. In subsequent in vitro experiments in HK2 cells, we found that NE increased SGLT1 protein expression and translocation as assessed by both specific immunohistochemistry and/or a specific SGLT1 ELISA. Additionally, NE promoted a significant elevation in interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels which resulted in the promotion of SGLT1 expression and proliferation in HK2 cells. Our findings suggest that the SNS upregulates SGLT1 protein expression levels with potential adverse consequences for cardiometabolic control. SGLT1 inhibition may therefore provide a useful therapeutic target in conditions characterized by increased SNS activity, such as chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Biomedical Science—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Moira Hibbs
- Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Lakshini Herat
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Biomedical Science—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Markus Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Vance Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Biomedical Science—Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-9224-0239
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16
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Wong KH, Muddasani V, Peterson C, Sheibani N, Arkin C, Cheong I, Majersik JJ, Biffi A, Petersen N, Falcone GJ, Sansing LH, de Havenon AH. Baseline Serum Biomarkers of Inflammation and Subsequent Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability: A Post Hoc Analysis of MESA. Am J Hypertens 2023; 36:144-147. [PMID: 36315490 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpac122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher blood pressure variability (BPV) is associated with the development of major vascular diseases, independent of mean blood pressure. However, despite data indicating that serum inflammatory markers are linked to hypertension, the association between serum inflammatory markers and BPV has not been studied in humans. METHODS This is a post hoc analysis of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) study. The study exposure was tertiles of serum level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), d-dimer, plasmin-antiplasmin complex (PAP), fibrinogen antigen, and calibrated Factor VIII (%) at the baseline study visit. The primary outcome was visit-to-visit BPV measured as the residual standard deviation (rSD) of at least 4 study visits (2000-2018). Two logistic regression models were fit to the top tertile of rSD during follow-up: in Model 1, we adjusted for age, sex, and hypertension, and in Model 2, for patient age categories, sex, race/ethnicity, education, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, drinking, body mass index, lipid-lowering medication, and mean systolic blood pressure. RESULTS Our analysis included 5,483 patients, with a mean (SD) age of 61.4 (10.0) years, 52.9% female, and 40.7% White. In unadjusted analyses, all markers of inflammation were associated with higher BPV, but after adjustment, only IL-6 retained significance (P < 0.001). The odds ratio for the highest tertile of BPV and IL-6 was 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28-1.74, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Baseline serum IL-6 was associated with increased subsequent BPV in a large multiracial cohort. Further investigation is needed to better understand the relationship between chronic inflammation and BPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Ho Wong
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Varsha Muddasani
- Department of Neurology, Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cecilia Peterson
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nazanin Sheibani
- Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cameron Arkin
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Irene Cheong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Biffi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nils Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Guido J Falcone
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lauren H Sansing
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Adam H de Havenon
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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17
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The Effect of Renal Denervation on T Cells in Patients with Resistant Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032493. [PMID: 36768814 PMCID: PMC9917284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Sympathetic overactivity is a major contributor to resistant hypertension (RH). According to animal studies, sympathetic overactivity increases immune responses, thereby aggravating hypertension and cardiovascular outcomes. Renal denervation (RDN) reduces sympathetic nerve activity in RH. Here, we investigate the effect of RDN on T-cell signatures in RH. (2) Methods: Systemic inflammation and T-cell subsets were analyzed in 17 healthy individuals and 30 patients with RH at baseline and 6 months after RDN. (3) Results: The patients with RH demonstrated higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and higher frequencies of CD4+ effector memory (TEM), CD4+ effector memory residential (TEMRA) and CD8+ central memory (TCM) cells than the controls. After RDN, systolic automated office blood pressure (BP) decreased by -17.6 ± 18.9 mmHg. Greater BP reductions were associated with higher CD4+ TEM (r -0.421, p = 0.02) and CD8+ TCM (r -0.424, p = 0.02) frequencies at baseline. The RDN responders, that is, the patients with ≥10mmHg systolic BP reduction, showed reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, whereas the non-responders had unchanged inflammatory activity and higher CD8+ TEMRA frequencies with increased cellular cytokine production. (4) Conclusions: The pro-inflammatory state of patients with RH is characterized by altered T-cell signatures, especially in non-responders. A detailed analysis of T cells might be useful in selecting patients for RDN.
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18
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Li X, Ren C, Li S, Zhao W, Wang P, Ji X. The antihypertensive effect of remote ischemic conditioning in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1093262. [PMID: 36713422 PMCID: PMC9878686 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1093262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Limb remote ischemic conditioning (LRIC) may be an effective method to control hypertension. This study investigated whether LRIC decreases blood pressure by regulating the hypertensive inflammatory response in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Method The SHR and aged-matched Wistar rats with different ages were randomly assigned to the SHR group, SHR+LRIC group, Wistar group, and Wistar + LRIC group. LRIC was conducted by tightening a tourniquet around the upper thigh and releasing it for three cycles daily (10 mins x3 cycles). Blood pressure, the percentage of monocytes and T lymphocytes, and the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the blood were analyzed. Results The blood pressure of SHR was significantly higher than that of age-matched Wistar rats. LRIC decreased blood pressure in SHR at different ages (4, 8, and 16 weeks old), but had no effect on the blood pressure in Wistar rats. Flow cytometry analysis showed that blood monocytes and CD8 T cells of SHR were higher than those of Wistar rats. LRIC significantly decreased the percentage of monocytes and CD8 T cells in SHR. Consistent with the changes of immune cells, the levels of plasma IL-6 and TNF-α in SHR were also higher. And LRIC attenuated the plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels in SHR. Conclusion LRIC may decreased the blood pressure via modulation of the inflammatory response in SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace center Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changhong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sijie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peifu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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19
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Kresovich JK, Xu Z, O'Brien KM, Parks CG, Weinberg CR, Sandler DP, Taylor JA. Peripheral Immune Cell Composition is Altered in Women Before and After a Hypertension Diagnosis. Hypertension 2023; 80:43-53. [PMID: 36259385 PMCID: PMC9742333 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.20001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development and consequences of hypertension involve multiple biological systems that may include changes in immune profiles. Whether hypertension is related to peripheral immune cell composition has not been examined in large human cohorts. METHODS We estimated circulating proportions of 12 leukocyte subsets from the lymphoid and myeloid lineages by deconvolving cell-type-specific DNA methylation data from 4124 women. Hypertension status at baseline was defined by current use of antihypertensive medication and blood pressure measurements while new incident cases were identified during follow-up via annual health questionnaires. RESULTS Among hypertension-free women at baseline, higher B cell and lower naïve CD4+ helper T cell proportions were associated with subsequent increased hazard of hypertension incidence (B cells; adjusted HR: 1.17 [95% CI: 1.02-1.35]; P=0.03; naïve CD4+ T cell, adjusted HR: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.78-0.99]; P=0.04). Blood pressure measurements at baseline were similarly positively associated with B cells and inversely associated with naïve CD4+ helper T cells. Compared to normotensive women, women with hypertension had higher circulating proportions of neutrophils (adjusted odds ratio: 1.18 [95% CI: 1.07-1.31]; P=0.001) and lower proportions of CD4+ helper T cells (adjusted odds ratio: 0.90 [95% CI: 0.81-1.00] P=0.05), natural killers (adjusted odds ratio: 0.82 [95% CI: 0.74-0.91]; P<0.001), and B cells (adjusted odds ratio: 0.84 [95% CI: 0.74-0.96]; P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that shifts in lymphocyte subsets occur before hypertension development, followed by later changes to neutrophils and additional lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob K Kresovich
- Departments of Cancer Epidemiology and Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (J.K.K.)
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC (J.K.K., Z.X., K.M.O., C.G.P., D.P.S., J.A.T.)
| | - Zongli Xu
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC (J.K.K., Z.X., K.M.O., C.G.P., D.P.S., J.A.T.)
| | - Katie M O'Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC (J.K.K., Z.X., K.M.O., C.G.P., D.P.S., J.A.T.)
| | - Christine G Parks
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC (J.K.K., Z.X., K.M.O., C.G.P., D.P.S., J.A.T.)
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.R.W.)
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC (J.K.K., Z.X., K.M.O., C.G.P., D.P.S., J.A.T.)
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC (J.K.K., Z.X., K.M.O., C.G.P., D.P.S., J.A.T.)
- Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC (J.A.T.)
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Okutucu M, Arpa M. Evaluation of serum semaphorin 3A and interleukin 6 levels in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 43:1995-2002. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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21
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Wynne BM, Samson TK, Moyer HC, van Elst HJ, Moseley AS, Hecht G, Paul O, Al-Khalili O, Gomez-Sanchez C, Ko B, Eaton DC, Hoover RS. Interleukin 6 mediated activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1512-C1523. [PMID: 35912993 PMCID: PMC9662807 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00272.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is characterized by increased sodium (Na+) reabsorption along the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron (ASDN) as well as chronic systemic inflammation. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is thought to be a mediator of this inflammatory process. Interestingly, increased Na+ reabsorption within the ASDN does not always correlate with increases in aldosterone (Aldo), the primary hormone that modulates Na+ reabsorption via the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Thus, understanding how increased ASDN Na+ reabsorption may occur independent of Aldo stimulation is critical. Here, we show that IL-6 can activate the MR by activating Rac1 and stimulating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with a consequent increase in thiazide-sensitive Na+ uptake. Using an in vitro model of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT2), mDCT15 cells, we observed nuclear translocation of eGFP-tagged MR after IL-6 treatment. To confirm the activation of downstream transcription factors, mDCT15 cells were transfected with mineralocorticoid response element (MRE)-luciferase reporter constructs; then treated with vehicle, Aldo, or IL-6. Aldosterone or IL-6 treatment increased luciferase activity that was reversed with MR antagonist cotreatment, but IL-6 treatment was reversed by Rac1 inhibition or ROS reduction. In both mDCT15 and mpkCCD cells, IL-6 increased amiloride-sensitive transepithelial Na+ current. ROS and IL-6 increased 22Na+ uptake via the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC). These results are the first to demonstrate that IL-6 can activate the MR resulting in MRE activation and that IL-6 increases NCC-mediated Na+ reabsorption, providing evidence for an alternative mechanism for stimulating ASDN Na+ uptake during conditions where Aldo-mediated MR stimulation may not occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi M Wynne
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology & Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Disease Initiative, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Trinity K Samson
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hayley C Moyer
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Henrieke J van Elst
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Auriel S Moseley
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gillian Hecht
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Oishi Paul
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Otor Al-Khalili
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Celso Gomez-Sanchez
- G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Mississippi
| | - Benjamin Ko
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Douglas C Eaton
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert S Hoover
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Research Service, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
- Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Bhasin E, Mishra S, Pathak G, Chauhan PS, Kulshreshtha A. Cytokine database of stress and metabolic disorders (CdoSM): a connecting link between stress and cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:308. [PMID: 36276466 PMCID: PMC9530088 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of metabolic diseases is greatly increased by both chronic and acute stress. Irrespective of the cause, chronic or acute stress has the capacity to alter an individual's cytokine profile. For instance, it has been observed that stress significantly increased concentrations of IL 1 beta, IL 6 and TNF alpha. Alteration in cytokine profiles increase the likelihood of dysregulated metabolism, which subsequently acts as a driving force in the development of disorders, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Considering the dynamic and versatile role of cytokines in health and disease, an in-depth computational analysis (qualitative and quantitative) was performed to study the role of cytokines as an immuno-molecular link between rising stress levels and an increase in CVD, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Upon a qualitative comparative analysis of cytokine profiles, a total of 14 cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-10, etc.) were observed to be commonly involved in stress and aforementioned four metabolic disorders. Further analysis of quantitative studies has revealed that the cytokine profile for coronary artery disease (CAD) showed remarkable increase in a couple of cytokines. IL 9 registered an increase of 67 percent to reach a concentration of 75 pg/mL. IL 3, on the other hand, was absent in control candidates but reached 56 ± 14 pg/mL in CAD patients. In case of diabetes, IFN-gamma showed an increase of 290 pg/mL. For obesity it was observed that both MCP-1 and IL-1 beta fell by 12.2 pg/mL to reach 44.4 pg/mL in obese patients. A fall of approximately 50 pg/mL was observed in the concentration of VEGF in obese patients. Similarly, hypertension was marked by reduction in concentration of several cytokines - MCP-1 and VEGF being a couple of them. Apart from performing an analysis of cytokine profiles, an innovative database [Cytokine database of Stress and Metabolic disorders (CdoSM)-https://www.akbi-nsut.co.in/] has also been created comprising cytokines involved in stress and the aforementioned metabolic disorders. Upon accessing the database, a user can find the list cytokines associated with a particular condition along with information on cytokine receptor/s; related research articles; cytokine concentration in control v/s diseased candidates for some specific cytokines and the Uniprot ID for the respective cytokine. Database can be accessed by the link-https://www.akbi-nsut.co.in/. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03375-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshan Bhasin
- Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology (NSIT), New Delhi, 110078 India
| | - Shivam Mishra
- Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology (NSIT), New Delhi, 110078 India
| | - Geetansh Pathak
- Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology (NSIT), New Delhi, 110078 India
| | | | - Akanksha Kulshreshtha
- Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology (NSIT), New Delhi, 110078 India
- Division of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology (NSUT), New Delhi, 110078 India
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23
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Beck TC, Arhontoulis DC, Morningstar JE, Hyams N, Stoddard A, Springs K, Mukherjee R, Helke K, Guo L, Moore K, Gensemer C, Biggs R, Petrucci T, Kwon J, Stayer K, Koren N, Harvey A, Holman H, Dunne J, Fulmer D, Vohra A, Mai L, Dooley S, Weninger J, Vaena S, Romeo M, Muise-Helmericks RC, Mei Y, Norris RA. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of MEK1 Inhibitor-Induced Cardiotoxicity. JACC CardioOncol 2022; 4:535-548. [PMID: 36444237 PMCID: PMC9700254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trametinib is a MEK1 (mitogen-activated extracellular signal-related kinase kinase 1) inhibitor used in the treatment of BRAF (rapid accelerated fibrosarcoma B-type)-mutated metastatic melanoma. Roughly 11% of patients develop cardiomyopathy following long-term trametinib exposure. Although described clinically, the molecular landscape of trametinib cardiotoxicity has not been characterized. Objectives The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that trametinib promotes widespread transcriptomic and cellular changes consistent with oxidative stress and impairs cardiac function. Methods Mice were treated with trametinib (1 mg/kg/d). Echocardiography was performed pre- and post-treatment. Gross, histopathologic, and biochemical assessments were performed to probe for molecular and cellular changes. Human cardiac organoids were used as an in vitro measurement of cardiotoxicity and recovery. Results Long-term administration of trametinib was associated with significant reductions in survival and left ventricular ejection fraction. Histologic analyses of the heart revealed myocardial vacuolization and calcification in 28% of animals. Bulk RNA sequencing identified 435 differentially expressed genes and 116 differential signaling pathways following trametinib treatment. Upstream gene analysis predicted interleukin-6 as a regulator of 17 relevant differentially expressed genes, suggestive of PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT activation, which was subsequently validated. Trametinib hearts displayed elevated markers of oxidative stress, myofibrillar degeneration, an 11-fold down-regulation of the apelin receptor, and connexin-43 mislocalization. To confirm the direct cardiotoxic effects of trametinib, human cardiac organoids were treated for 6 days, followed by a 6-day media-only recovery. Trametinib-treated organoids exhibited reductions in diameter and contractility, followed by partial recovery with removal of treatment. Conclusions These data describe pathologic changes observed in trametinib cardiotoxicity, supporting the exploration of drug holidays and alternative pharmacologic strategies for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler C. Beck
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Dimitrios C. Arhontoulis
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jordan E. Morningstar
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Nathaniel Hyams
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew Stoddard
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kendra Springs
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Rupak Mukherjee
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kris Helke
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lilong Guo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kelsey Moore
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Cortney Gensemer
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel Biggs
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Taylor Petrucci
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jennie Kwon
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kristina Stayer
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Natalie Koren
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew Harvey
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Heather Holman
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jaclyn Dunne
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Diana Fulmer
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ayesha Vohra
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Le Mai
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah Dooley
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Julianna Weninger
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Silvia Vaena
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Martin Romeo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Robin C. Muise-Helmericks
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ying Mei
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Russell A. Norris
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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24
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Braga DCDA, Gomes PM, Batista MAC, de Souza JA, Bastos JCSA, Rodrigues-das-Dôres RG, Alzamora AC, de Souza GHB, de Moura SAL, Talvani A, Antunes VR, Cardoso LM. Effects of Psidium guajava L. leaves extract on blood pressure control and IL-10 production in salt-dependent hypertensive rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113796. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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25
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Li S, Li S, Zhang W, Ma T, Wang N, Sun T, Li T, Shao S, Li D. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Ameliorates Endothelin I-Induced Hypertension Partly Through PPAR γ Pathway. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Muramatsu A, Kobayashi T, Kawaji-Kanayama Y, Uchiyama H, Sasaki N, Uoshima N, Nakao M, Takahashi R, Shimura K, Kaneko H, Kiyota M, Wada K, Chinen Y, Hirakawa K, Fuchida SI, Shimazaki C, Mizutani S, Tsukamoto T, Shimura Y, Taniwaki M, Teramukai S, Kuroda J. Pretreatment serum level of interleukin-6 predicts carfilzomib-induced hypertension in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:1678-1685. [PMID: 35147475 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2038373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Carfilzomib (CFZ) constitutes powerful combinatory therapy for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM); however, cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) have been shown as major treatment obstacles with the use of CFZ. Along with our multi-institutional prospective observational study by the Kyoto Clinical Hematology Study Group on the efficacy and safety of CFZ-based treatments (UMIN000025108), we here performed an ad hoc analysis of CFZ-related CVAEs in 50 patients with RRMM. We analyzed the association between CFZ-related CVAEs and pre-planned examinations, including patients' background, electrocardiographic findings, echocardiographic findings, and serum/plasma levels of 18 potential candidate biomarkers. The common CVAEs were hypertension (42%), arrhythmia (14%), and prolongation of QT corrected interval (10%), whereas no serious CVAEs occurred. The pretreatment serum level of interleukin-6 was identified as a significant risk factor for CFZ-related hypertension. This study revealed hypertension as the most frequent CFZ-related CVAE and suggested that baseline serum interleukin-6 is a useful predictor for CFZ-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Muramatsu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kobayashi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuka Kawaji-Kanayama
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoji Uchiyama
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nana Sasaki
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Uoshima
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsushige Nakao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Otsu Municipal Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Takahashi
- Department of Hematology, Omihachiman Community Medical Center, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kazuho Shimura
- Department of Hematology, Aiseikai Yamashina Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kaneko
- Department of Hematology, Aiseikai Yamashina Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miki Kiyota
- Department of Hematology, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuya Wada
- Department of Hematology, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Chinen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Fukuchiyama City Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Hirakawa
- Department of Hematology, Fukuchiyama City Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Fuchida
- Department of Hematology, Kyoto Kuramaguchi Medical Center, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chihiro Shimazaki
- Department of Hematology, Kyoto Kuramaguchi Medical Center, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Mizutani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taku Tsukamoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Shimura
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masafumi Taniwaki
- Department of Hematology, Aiseikai Yamashina Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.,Center for Molecular Diagnostic and Therapeutics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Teramukai
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroda
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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27
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Nazarzadeh M, Bidel Z, Canoy D, Copland E, Wamil M, Majert J, Smith Byrne K, Sundström J, Teo K, Davis BR, Chalmers J, Pepine CJ, Dehghan A, Bennett DA, Smith GD, Rahimi K. Blood pressure lowering and risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Lancet 2021; 398:1803-1810. [PMID: 34774144 PMCID: PMC8585669 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01920-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood pressure lowering is an established strategy for preventing microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes, but its role in the prevention of diabetes itself is unclear. We aimed to examine this question using individual participant data from major randomised controlled trials. METHODS We performed a one-stage individual participant data meta-analysis, in which data were pooled to investigate the effect of blood pressure lowering per se on the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes. An individual participant data network meta-analysis was used to investigate the differential effects of five major classes of antihypertensive drugs on the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes. Overall, data from 22 studies conducted between 1973 and 2008, were obtained by the Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration (Oxford University, Oxford, UK). We included all primary and secondary prevention trials that used a specific class or classes of antihypertensive drugs versus placebo or other classes of blood pressure lowering medications that had at least 1000 persons-years of follow-up in each randomly allocated arm. Participants with a known diagnosis of diabetes at baseline and trials conducted in patients with prevalent diabetes were excluded. For the one-stage individual participant data meta-analysis we used stratified Cox proportional hazards model and for the individual participant data network meta-analysis we used logistic regression models to calculate the relative risk (RR) for drug class comparisons. FINDINGS 145 939 participants (88 500 [60·6%] men and 57 429 [39·4%] women) from 19 randomised controlled trials were included in the one-stage individual participant data meta-analysis. 22 trials were included in the individual participant data network meta-analysis. After a median follow-up of 4·5 years (IQR 2·0), 9883 participants were diagnosed with new-onset type 2 diabetes. Systolic blood pressure reduction by 5 mm Hg reduced the risk of type 2 diabetes across all trials by 11% (hazard ratio 0·89 [95% CI 0·84-0·95]). Investigation of the effects of five major classes of antihypertensive drugs showed that in comparison to placebo, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (RR 0·84 [95% 0·76-0·93]) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (RR 0·84 [0·76-0·92]) reduced the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes; however, the use of β blockers (RR 1·48 [1·27-1·72]) and thiazide diuretics (RR 1·20 [1·07-1·35]) increased this risk, and no material effect was found for calcium channel blockers (RR 1·02 [0·92-1·13]). INTERPRETATION Blood pressure lowering is an effective strategy for the prevention of new-onset type 2 diabetes. Established pharmacological interventions, however, have qualitatively and quantitively different effects on diabetes, likely due to their differing off-target effects, with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers having the most favourable outcomes. This evidence supports the indication for selected classes of antihypertensive drugs for the prevention of diabetes, which could further refine the selection of drug choice according to an individual's clinical risk of diabetes. FUNDING British Heart Foundation, National Institute for Health Research, and Oxford Martin School.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Nazarzadeh
- Deep Medicine, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Medical Science Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zeinab Bidel
- Deep Medicine, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Medical Science Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dexter Canoy
- Deep Medicine, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Medical Science Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Copland
- Deep Medicine, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Medical Science Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Malgorzata Wamil
- Deep Medicine, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeannette Majert
- Deep Medicine, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Medical Science Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karl Smith Byrne
- International Agency for Research on Cancer/WHO, Genomic Epidemiology Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Johan Sundström
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Koon Teo
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Barry R Davis
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Chalmers
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carl J Pepine
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Derrick A Bennett
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Kazem Rahimi
- Deep Medicine, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Medical Science Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
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28
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Papadopoulos KI, Sutheesophon W, Manipalviratn S, Aw TC. Age and genotype dependent erythropoietin protection in COVID-19. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1513-1529. [PMID: 34786155 PMCID: PMC8567454 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i10.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is the main mediator of erythropoiesis and an important tissue protective hormone that appears to mediate an ancestral neuroprotective innate immune response mechanism at an early age. When the young brain is threatened-prematurity, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, malaria- EPO is hyper-secreted disproportionately to any concurrent anemic stimuli. Under eons of severe malarial selection pressure, neuroprotective EPO augmenting genetic determinants such as the various hemoglobinopathies, and the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphism, have been positively selected. When malarial and other cerebral threats abate and the young child survives to adulthood, EPO subsides. Sustained high ACE and angiotensin II (Ang II) levels through the ACE D allele in adulthood may then become detrimental as witnessed by epidemiological studies. The ubiquitous renin angiotensin system (RAS) influences the α-klotho/fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) circuitry, and both are interconnected with EPO. Here we propose that at a young age, EPO augmenting genetic determinants through ACE D allele elevated Ang II levels in some or HbE/beta thalassemia in others would increase EPO levels and shield against coronavirus disease 2019, akin to protection from malaria and dengue fever. Human evolution may use ACE2 as a “bait” for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) to gain cellular entry in order to trigger an ACE/ACE2 imbalance and stimulate EPO hypersecretion using tissue RAS, uncoupled from hemoglobin levels. In subjects without EPO augmenting genetic determinants at any age, ACE2 binding and internalization upon SARS-CoV-2 entry would trigger an ACE/ACE2 imbalance, and Ang II oversecretion leading to protective EPO stimulation. In children, low nasal ACE2 Levels would beneficially augment this imbalance, especially for those without protective genetic determinants. On the other hand, in predisposed adults with the ACE D allele, ACE/ACE2 imbalance, may lead to uncontrolled RAS overactivity and an Ang II induced proinflammatory state and immune dysregulation, with interleukin 6 (IL-6), plasminogen activator inhibitor, and FGF23 elevations. IL-6 induced EPO suppression, aggravated through co-morbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and RAS pharmacological interventions may potentially lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine storm and/or autoimmunity. HbE/beta thalassemia carriers would enjoy protection at any age as their EPO stimulation is uncoupled from the RAS system. The timely use of rhEPO, EPO analogs, acetylsalicylic acid, bioactive lipids, or FGF23 antagonists in genetically predisposed individuals may counteract those detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Somjate Manipalviratn
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Jetanin Institute for Assisted Reproduction, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tar-Choon Aw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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29
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Ching K, Houard X, Berenbaum F, Wen C. Hypertension meets osteoarthritis - revisiting the vascular aetiology hypothesis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:533-549. [PMID: 34316066 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole-joint disease characterized by subchondral bone perfusion abnormalities and neovascular invasion into the synovium and articular cartilage. In addition to local vascular disturbance, mounting evidence suggests a pivotal role for systemic vascular pathology in the aetiology of OA. This Review outlines the current understanding of the close relationship between high blood pressure (hypertension) and OA at the crossroads of epidemiology and molecular biology. As one of the most common comorbidities in patients with OA, hypertension can disrupt joint homeostasis both biophysically and biochemically. High blood pressure can increase intraosseous pressure and cause hypoxia, which in turn triggers subchondral bone and osteochondral junction remodelling. Furthermore, systemic activation of the renin-angiotensin and endothelin systems can affect the Wnt-β-catenin signalling pathway locally to govern joint disease. The intimate relationship between hypertension and OA indicates that endothelium-targeted strategies, including re-purposed FDA-approved antihypertensive drugs, could be useful in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Ching
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xavier Houard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Francis Berenbaum
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Department of Rheumatology, Sorbonne Université, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Chunyi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
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30
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Memiah P, Nkinda L, Majigo M, Opanga Y, Humwa F, Inzaule S, Abubakar M, Oduor P, Zuheri A, Lema S, Kamau A, Baribwira C, Biadgilign S. Hypertension and Associated Inflammatory Markers Among HIV-Infected Patients in Tanzania. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2021; 41:291-301. [PMID: 34410876 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There remains a dearth of data regarding the association between chronic inflammation and hypertension (HTN) in sub-Saharan Africa, a region that accounts for >70% of the global burden of HIV infection. Therefore, we assessed the levels of biomarkers among HIV+ individuals and its associations with HTN in Tanzania. A cross-sectional study was conducted at one of the largest clinics in Tanzania and data from 261 HIV+ patients were analyzed. Standardized tools were used to collect data. Blood pressure was measured using Omron® M2 blood pressure monitor. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to test for inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type I (sTNFRI), sTNFRII]. Bivariate and multivariable analysis was conducted to examine association between the biomarkers and HTN. We further conducted age-sex-alcohol-adjusted models to control for any confounders. The prevalence of HTN was 43% with a high prevalence reported in female (70%) participants and those older than 55 years of age (77%). Being women, older than 55 years of age, married, and being overweight was associated with HTN. The highest correlations were observed between TNR2 and CRP (ɤ = 0.13, P = 0.044), and TNR2 and IL-18 (ɤ = 0.13, P = 0.034). Participants who had elevated CRP levels were 2 times more likely to experience HTN in the age-adjusted model [odds ratio (OR) = 3.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-11.3], age-sex-adjusted model (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.0-10.9), and the full model (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 0.8-10.0). Our study shows that high CRP levels are significantly associated with the higher prevalence of HTN notwithstanding all other markers, which showed a positive association with HTN despite not being significant. These findings point to the importance of creating awareness, education, and screening for HTN among HIV patients in high epidemic countries. More rigorous studies are needed to know the exact pathway mechanisms of inflammation in HIV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Memiah
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lillian Nkinda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Mtebe Majigo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Yvonne Opanga
- Department of Monitoring Evaluation and Research, Amref Health Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Felix Humwa
- Global Program for Research Teaching-University of California San Francisco, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Seth Inzaule
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maghimbi Abubakar
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity (CIHEB), Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine in Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Patience Oduor
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity (CIHEB), Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine in Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Aisha Zuheri
- Infectious Disease Centre, Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Steven Lema
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Kamau
- Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Cyprien Baribwira
- PUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine in Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
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Zegeye MM, Andersson JSO, Wennberg P, Repsilber D, Sirsjö A, Ljungberg LU. IL-6 as a Mediator of the Association Between Traditional Risk Factors and Future Myocardial Infarction: A Nested Case-Control Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1570-1579. [PMID: 33657883 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta M Zegeye
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden (M.M.Z., D.R., A.S., L.U.L.)
| | - Jonas S O Andersson
- Skellefteå Research Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine (J.S.O.A.), Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Patrik Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine (P.W.), Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Dirk Repsilber
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden (M.M.Z., D.R., A.S., L.U.L.)
| | - Allan Sirsjö
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden (M.M.Z., D.R., A.S., L.U.L.)
| | - Liza U Ljungberg
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden (M.M.Z., D.R., A.S., L.U.L.)
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32
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Lottspeich C, Köhler A, Czihal M, Heinrich DA, Schneider H, Handgriff L, Reincke M, Adolf C. Atherosclerotic Burden and Arterial Stiffness are Not Increased in Patients with Milder Forms of Primary Aldosteronism Compared to Patients with Essential Hypertension. Horm Metab Res 2021; 53:178-184. [PMID: 33440431 PMCID: PMC7924991 DOI: 10.1055/a-1326-2164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) are at increased cardiovascular risk, compared to patients with essential hypertension (EH). Cardiovascular damage could depend on PA phenotype, potentially being lower in milder forms of PA. Our aim was to assess atherosclerotic burden and arterial stiffness in 88 prospectively recruited patients, including 44 patients with mild PA and EH respectively. All patients underwent a structured study program, including measurements of ankle-brachial index, oscillometric measurement of central pulse wave velocity (cPWV) and vascular ultrasound examination of the supraaortic arteries, the abdominal aorta, and the femoropopliteal arteries. A plaque score was calculated to estimate atherosclerotic burden for each patient. This is a prospective case-control study set at a tertiary care hospital. Patients with PA and EH matched well for age, gender, blood pressure, BMI, and cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes mellitus and smoking status. Common carotid intima-media thickness (0.77 vs. 0.75 mm; p=0.997) and cPWV (7.2 vs. 7.1 m/s; p=0.372) were comparable between patients with PA and EH. The atherosclerotic burden, as expressed by the plaque score, did not differ between the two groups (p=0.159). However, after initiation of treatment cPWV was significantly decreased in patients with PA (p=0.017). This study shows that subclinical atherosclerotic burden and arterial stiffness in patients with milder forms of PA is comparable to patients with EH. Nevertheless, specific treatment for PA significantly improved cPWV, which argues for a more liberal use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton Köhler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU München, Munich,
Germany
| | - Michael Czihal
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU München, Munich,
Germany
| | | | - Holger Schneider
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU München, Munich,
Germany
| | - Laura Handgriff
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU München, Munich,
Germany
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU München, Munich,
Germany
| | - Christian Adolf
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU München, Munich,
Germany
- Correspondence Dr. Christian Adolf Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität MünchenZiemssenstr. 180336 MunichGermany+49 89 4400 52458+49 89 4400 52194
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Visceral fat reduction and increase of intracellular fluid in weight loss participants on antihypertension medication. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2021; 10:31-36. [PMID: 33634253 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Complex physiological interactions between hypertension and obesity contribute to and perpetuate a heightened morbidity and mortality. With the prevalence of both hypertension and obesity reaching epidemic proportions, we asked whether antihypertensive medications affect the ability of participants to achieve the same level of body composition improvements as other participants in a comprehensive weight loss program focused on reduction of visceral adipose tissue. Methods Data was analyzed from 2200 subjects completing a commercially available, expert supervised weight loss program including ~6 weeks of a proprietary, nutritionally complete, very low-calorie diet (VLCD) followed by a ~3-week structured transition back to a normal dietary intake. Overall, 33% of the subjects reported taking at least one prescription antihypertensive medication. Results Our data show participants in both groups (± antihypertensive drugs) achieved clinically relevant and statistically significant improvements in standard measures of weight loss and endpoints directly related to inflammation and hypertension. Conclusion A nonpharmacologic, nonsurgical VLCD-based weight loss and metabolic health program is capable of producing clinically meaningful improvements in body composition and physiological endpoints, including those linked to hypertension, cardiovascular disease and inflammation, and is as equally effective for adults taking prescription antihypertensives as it is for those participants who are not.
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Gao H, Bigalke J, Jiang E, Fan Y, Chen B, Chen QH, Shan Z. TNFα Triggers an Augmented Inflammatory Response in Brain Neurons from Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats Compared with Normal Sprague Dawley Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1787-1800. [PMID: 33625627 PMCID: PMC8382783 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α is a proinflammatory cytokine (PIC) and has been implicated in a variety of illness including cardiovascular disease. The current study investigated the inflammatory response trigged by TNFα in both cultured brain neurons and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), a key cardiovascular relevant brain area, of the Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Our results demonstrated that TNFα treatment induces a dose- and time-dependent increase in mRNA expression of PICs including Interleukin (IL)-1β and Interleukin-6 (IL6); chemokines including C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5) and C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12 (CCL12), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), as well as transcription factor NF-kB in cultured brain neurons from neonatal SD rats. Consistent with this finding, immunostaining shows that TNFα treatment increases immunoreactivity of IL1β, CCL5, iNOS and stimulates activation or expression of NF-kB, in both cultured brain neurons and the PVN of adult SD rats. We further compared mRNA expression of the aforementioned genes in basal level as well as in response to TNFα challenge between SD rats and Dahl Salt-sensitive (Dahl-S) rats, an animal model of salt-sensitive hypertension. Dahl-S brain neurons presented higher baseline levels as well as greater response to TNFα challenge in mRNA expression of CCL5, iNOS and IL1β. Furthermore, central administration of TNFα caused significant higher response in CCL12 in the PVN of Dahl-S rats. The increased inflammatory response to TNFα in Dahl-S rats may be indicative of an underlying mechanism for enhanced pressor reactivity to salt intake in the Dahl-S rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjia Gao
- Department of Kinesiology & Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA.,The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jeremy Bigalke
- Department of Kinesiology & Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Enshe Jiang
- Department of Kinesiology & Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA.,Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Henan, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- Department of Kinesiology & Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Bojun Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Hui Chen
- Department of Kinesiology & Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA.,Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Zhiying Shan
- Department of Kinesiology & Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA. .,Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA.
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35
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Risk Factors of Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus among Korean Adults: A National Cross-Sectional Study Using the KNHANES Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031195. [PMID: 33572855 PMCID: PMC7908078 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the baseline risk factors of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with undiagnosed DM (UDM). We utilized the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010–2017 data. Data regarding the participants’ demographic characteristics, health status, health determinants, healthcare accessibility, and laboratory tests were gathered to explore the differences between the DM, UDM, and without-DM groups. Among the 64,759 individuals who participated in the KNHANES 2010–2017, 32,611 individuals aged ≥20 years with fasting plasma glucose levels of <100 or ≥126 mg/dL were selected. The odds ratios (ORs) regarding family history of diabetes and the performance of national health and cancer screening tests were lower in the UDM group than in the DM group (adjusted OR: 0.54; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43, 0.66; adjusted OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.89; adjusted OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.85). The ORs of hypertension and obesity were higher in the UDM group than in the DM group (adjusted OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.64; adjusted OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.37, 2.36, respectively). Patients with UDM were more likely to be exposed to DM-related risk factors than those with and without DM. Public health interventions to prevent UDM development are necessary.
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36
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Singh P, Stephenson R, Castillo A, Majid DSA. High-salt intake reduces renal tissue levels of inflammatory cytokines in mice. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14621. [PMID: 33345460 PMCID: PMC7750173 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High salt (HS) intake is usually considered as an aggravating factor to induce inflammatory renal injury. However, the changes in the renal levels of inflammatory cytokines during HS intake is not yet clearly defined. We hypothesize that HS increases renal levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) but decreases interleukin-10 (IL-10; anti-inflammatory cytokine) and these responses exacerbate in NO deficient conditions. Both wild-type (WT) and endothelial NO synthase knockout (eNOSKO) mice (~8 weeks old, n = 6 in each group) were given normal-salt (NS; 0.3% NaCl) and HS (4% NaCl) containing diets for 2 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was determined by tail-cuff plethysmography and urine collections were made using metabolic cages. Basal SBP was higher in eNOSKO than WT mice (131 ± 7 vs 117 ± 3 mmHg; p < .05). HS intake for 2 weeks increased SBP in eNOSKO (161 ± 5 mmHg) but not in WT mice. In NS groups, the cytokine levels in renal tissues (measured using ELISA kits and expressed in pg/mg protein) were significantly higher in eNOSKO than WT mice (TNF-α, 624 ± 67 vs. 325 ± 73; IL-6, 619 ± 106 vs. 166 ± 61; IL-10, 6,087 ± 567 vs. 3,929 ± 378). Interestingly, these cytokine levels in HS groups were significantly less both in WT (TNF-α, 114 ± 17; IL-6, 81 ± 14; IL-10, 865 ± 130) and eNOSKO (TNF-α, 115 ± 18; IL-6, 56 ± 7; IL-10, 882 ± 141) mice. These findings indicate that HS induces downregulation of cytokines in the kidney. Such HS-induced reduction in cytokines, particularly TNF-α (a natriuretic agent), would facilitate more salt-retention, and thus, leading to salt-sensitive hypertension in NO deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Singh
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Centre of ExcellenceTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Roxan Stephenson
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Centre of ExcellenceTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Alexander Castillo
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Centre of ExcellenceTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Dewan S. A. Majid
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Centre of ExcellenceTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA
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37
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Mikolajczyk TP, Szczepaniak P, Vidler F, Maffia P, Graham GJ, Guzik TJ. Role of inflammatory chemokines in hypertension. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 223:107799. [PMID: 33359600 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with immune cells activation and their migration into the kidney, vasculature, heart and brain. These inflammatory mechanisms are critical for blood pressure regulation and mediate target organ damage, creating unique novel targets for pharmacological modulation. In response to angiotensin II and other pro-hypertensive stimuli, the expression of several inflammatory chemokines and their receptors is increased in the target organs, mediating homing of immune cells. In this review, we summarize the contribution of key inflammatory chemokines and their receptors to increased accumulation of immune cells in target organs and effects on vascular dysfunction, remodeling, oxidative stress and fibrosis, all of which contribute to blood pressure elevation. In particular, the role of CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL16, CXCL1, CX3CL1, XCL1 and their receptors in the context of hypertension is discussed. Recent studies have tested the efficacy of pharmacological or genetic targeting of chemokines and their receptors on the development of hypertension. Promising results indicate that some of these pathways may serve as future therapeutic targets to improve blood pressure control and prevent target organ consequences including kidney failure, heart failure, atherosclerosis or cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz P Mikolajczyk
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Piotr Szczepaniak
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Francesca Vidler
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; BHF Centre for Excellence Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerard J Graham
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; BHF Centre for Excellence Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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38
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Stein RA, Young LM. From ACE2 to COVID-19: A multiorgan endothelial disease. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 100:425-430. [PMID: 32896660 PMCID: PMC7832810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Stein
- NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; LaGuardia Community College, Department of Natural Sciences, City University of New York, New York, NY 11101, USA.
| | - Lauren M Young
- University of Chicago, Department of Internal Medicine, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Shekhar S, Copacino CE, Barrera FJ, Hall JE, Hannah-Shmouni F. Insights into the Immunopathophysiology of Severe COVID-19 in Metabolic Disorders. ANNALS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (INDIA) 2020; 56:112-115. [PMID: 33082620 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has affected millions of people across the world but disproportionately and severely affects persons with metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. In this brief review, we discuss the pathways of immune dysregulation that may lead to severe COVID-19 in persons with metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skand Shekhar
- Section on Endocrinology & Genetics (SEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Francisco J Barrera
- Endocrinology Division, Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital "Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez", Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico.,Plataforma INVEST-KER Unit Mayo Clinic (KER Unit Mexico), School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico.,Knowledge and Evaluation Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Janet E Hall
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fady Hannah-Shmouni
- Section on Endocrinology & Genetics (SEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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40
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Gavriliouk EV, Evsegneeva IV, Mikhin VP. Antihypertensive Pharmacotherapy in Correcting the Indicators of Innate Immunity in Patients with Essential Arterial Hypertension. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.6.58787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The study of indicators of innate immunity in patients with arterial hypertension in clinical trials makes it necessary to correct them in order to reduce vascular inflammation in arterial hypertension to prevent damage to target organs and development of cardiovascular complications. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy to correct indicators of innate immunity in patients with essential arterial hypertension.
Materials and methods: Patients with essential arterial hypertension (EAH) (II stage, 3rd degree) were divided into 3 groups: the 1st group included the patients with hypertrophy of the left ventricular myocardium; the 2nd group included the patients with atherosclerotic vascular lesions; the 3rd group included the patients with chronic kidney disease. As an initial antihypertensive pharmacotherapy, all the patients with essential arterial hypertension were prescribed perindopril (5–10 mg/day) and amlodipine (5–10 mg/day).
Results and discussion: Changes in innate immunity indices in patients with essential arterial hypertension (II stage, 3rd degree) are differentiated depending on the affected target organ. The antihypertensive pharmacotherapy with perindopril and amlodipine in patients with essential arterial hypertension has various corrective effects on impaired innate immunity, depending on the nature of target organ damage. Regardless of target organ damage, ноу antihypertensive therapy with perindopril and amlodipine does not affect the reduced functional and increased metabolic activities of peripheral blood neutrophils.
Conclusion: The results obtained dictate the need for further clinical studies of other classes of antihypertensive drugs and their combinations in the correction of innate immunity indices in order to effectively prevent the progression of target organ damage.
Graphical abstract
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41
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Valenzuela PL, Carrera-Bastos P, Gálvez BG, Ruiz-Hurtado G, Ordovas JM, Ruilope LM, Lucia A. Lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 18:251-275. [PMID: 33037326 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-00437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension affects approximately one third of the world's adult population and is a major cause of premature death despite considerable advances in pharmacological treatments. Growing evidence supports the use of lifestyle interventions for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of hypertension. In this Review, we provide a summary of the epidemiological research supporting the preventive and antihypertensive effects of major lifestyle interventions (regular physical exercise, body weight management and healthy dietary patterns), as well as other less traditional recommendations such as stress management and the promotion of adequate sleep patterns coupled with circadian entrainment. We also discuss the physiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of these lifestyle interventions on hypertension, which include not only the prevention of traditional risk factors (such as obesity and insulin resistance) and improvements in vascular health through an improved redox and inflammatory status, but also reduced sympathetic overactivation and non-traditional mechanisms such as increased secretion of myokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skane, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Beatriz G Gálvez
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Ordovas
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,IMDEA Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Ruilope
- Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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Goncalves Mendes Neto A, Lo KB, Wattoo A, Salacup G, Pelayo J, DeJoy R, Bhargav R, Gul F, Peterson E, Albano J, Patarroyo-Aponte G, Rangaswami J, Azmaiparashvili Z. Bacterial infections and patterns of antibiotic use in patients with COVID-19. J Med Virol 2020; 93:1489-1495. [PMID: 32808695 PMCID: PMC7461450 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial coinfection is associated with poor outcomes in patients with viral pneumonia, but data on its role in the mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. This is a single-center retrospective analysis of 242 patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to both intensive care and non-intensive care settings. Bacterial coinfection was determined by the presence of characteristic clinical features and positive culture results. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association of concomitant bacterial infection with inpatient death after adjusting for demographic factors and comorbidities. Antibiotic use pattern was also determined. Bacterial coinfection was detected in 46 (19%) patients. Genitourinary source was the most frequent, representing 57% of all coinfections. The overall mortality rate was 21%. Concomitant bacterial infections were independently associated with increased inpatient mortality (OR, 5.838; 95% CI, 2.647-12.876). Patients with bacterial coinfection were relatively older (71.35 ± 11.20 vs 64.78 ± 15.23; P = .006). A total of 67% of patients received antibiotic therapy, yet 72% did not have an obvious source of bacterial infection. There was a significantly higher rate of inpatient mortality in patients who received antibiotics compared to those who did not (30% vs 5%; P < .0001). Bacterial coinfection in COVID-19 is associated with increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Bryan Lo
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ammaar Wattoo
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Grace Salacup
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jerald Pelayo
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert DeJoy
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruchika Bhargav
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fahad Gul
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeri Albano
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gabriel Patarroyo-Aponte
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Janani Rangaswami
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zurab Azmaiparashvili
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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43
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Salt-dependent hypertension and inflammation: targeting the gut-brain axis and the immune system with Brazilian green propolis. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1163-1182. [PMID: 32785827 PMCID: PMC8826348 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is a major health problem around the world and its development has been associated with exceeding salt consumption by the modern society. The mechanisms by which salt consumption increase blood pressure (BP) involve several homeostatic systems but many details have not yet been fully elucidated. Evidences accumulated over the last 60 decades raised the involvement of the immune system in the hypertension development and opened a range of possibilities for new therapeutic targets. Green propolis is a promising natural product with potent anti-inflammatory properties acting on specific targets, most of them participating in the gut-brain axis of the sodium-dependent hypertension. New anti-hypertensive products reinforce the therapeutic arsenal improving the corollary of choices, especially in those cases where patients are resistant or refractory to conventional therapy. This review sought to bring the newest advances in the field articulating evidences that show a cross-talking between inflammation and the central mechanisms involved with the sodium-dependent hypertension as well as the stablished actions of green propolis and some of its biologically active compounds on the immune cells and cytokines that would be involved with its anti-hypertensive properties.
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44
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de Queiroz TM, Lakkappa N, Lazartigues E. ADAM17-Mediated Shedding of Inflammatory Cytokines in Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1154. [PMID: 32848763 PMCID: PMC7403492 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of Angiontesin-II (Ang-II), one of the key peptides of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and its binding to the Ang-II type 1 receptor (AT1R) during hypertension is a crucial mechanism leading to AD\AM17 activation. Among the reported membrane anchored proteins cleaved by ADAM17, immunological cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-6, FKN) are the major class of substrates, modulation of which triggers inflammation. The rise in ADAM17 levels has both central and peripheral implications in inflammation-mediated hypertension. This narrative review provides an overview of the role of ADAM17, with a special focus on its cellular regulation on neuronal and peripheral inflammation-mediated hypertension. Finally, it highlights the importance of ADAM17 with regards to the biology of inflammatory cytokines and their roles in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thyago M. de Queiroz
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Navya Lakkappa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Eric Lazartigues
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, United States
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45
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Adedapo ADA, Ajayi AM, Ekwunife NL, Falayi OO, Oyagbemi A, Omobowale TO, Adedapo AA. Antihypertensive effect of Phragmanthera incana (Schum) Balle on NG-nitro-L-Arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112888. [PMID: 32311480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phragmanthera incana (Schum) Balle is a member of the African mistletoes that has been reported to be used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of hypertension. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the antihypertensive effect of Phragmanthera incana leaf ethanol extract (PILEE) in NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical analysis of PILEE was determined using the Gas chromatography - Mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) method. Antihypertensive activity was investigated in rats that received PILEE (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) or captopril (40 mg/kg) daily for 28 days together with oral administration of L-NAME (40 mg/kg). Blood pressure parameters were measured on day 7, 14, 21 and 28. Blood was obtained for determination of serum nitrite, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor, TNF-α. The heart, liver and kidneys were used to determine oxidative stress indices (malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and catalase). The cardiac tissue was processed for histopathological changes. RESULTS The GC-MS profiling of PILEE identified 20 compounds namely fatty acid esters. Administration of PILEE (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) dose dependently and significantly reduced systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in hypertensive rats. PILEE administration significantly (p < 0.05) reversed elevated IL-6 and TNF-α in hypertensive rats. PILEE demonstrated antioxidant activity by attenuating L-NAME-induced elevated malondialdehyde and depletion of reduced glutathione and catalase activity in rat tissues. PILEE treatment demonstrated cardioprotective effect in L-NAME-induced cardiac hyperplasia and necrosis in rats. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that Phragmanthera incana leaf ethanol extract possess antihypertensive, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting a protective role in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aduragbenro D A Adedapo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Nancy Losie Ekwunife
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Olufunke O Falayi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Ademola Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Adeolu A Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
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Shekhar S, Wurth R, Kamilaris CDC, Eisenhofer G, Barrera FJ, Hajdenberg M, Tonleu J, Hall JE, Schiffrin EL, Porter F, Stratakis CA, Hannah-Shmouni F. Endocrine Conditions and COVID-19. Horm Metab Res 2020; 52:471-484. [PMID: 32512611 PMCID: PMC7417289 DOI: 10.1055/a-1172-1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic by the WHO and has affected millions of patients around the world. COVID-19 disproportionately affects persons with endocrine conditions, thus putting them at an increased risk for severe disease. We discuss the mechanisms that place persons with endocrine conditions at an additional risk for severe COVID-19 and review the evidence. We also suggest precautions and management of endocrine conditions in the setting of global curfews being imposed and offer practical tips for uninterrupted endocrine care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skand Shekhar
- Section on Endocrinology & Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of
Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences, NIH, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel Wurth
- Section on Endocrinology & Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of
Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Crystal D. C. Kamilaris
- Section on Endocrinology & Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of
Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, and Department
of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische
Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Francisco J. Barrera
- Endocrinology Division, Internal Medicine Department, University
Hospital “Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez”, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo
Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
- Plataforma INVEST-KER Unit Mayo Clinic, School of Medicine, Universidad
Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Michelle Hajdenberg
- College of Arts and Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis,
Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joselyne Tonleu
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences, NIH, North Carolina, USA
| | - Janet E. Hall
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences, NIH, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ernesto L. Schiffrin
- Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital,
McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Forbes Porter
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National
Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland,
USA
| | - Constantine A. Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology & Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of
Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Fady Hannah-Shmouni
- Section on Endocrinology & Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of
Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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47
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Silveira-Nunes G, Durso DF, Jr LRADO, Cunha EHM, Maioli TU, Vieira AT, Speziali E, Corrêa-Oliveira R, Martins-Filho OA, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Franceschi C, Rampelli S, Turroni S, Brigidi P, Faria AMC. Hypertension Is Associated With Intestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis and Inflammation in a Brazilian Population. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:258. [PMID: 32226382 PMCID: PMC7080704 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major global health challenge, as it represents the main risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular disease. It is a multifactorial clinical condition characterized by high and sustained levels of blood pressure, likely resulting from a complex interplay of endogenous and environmental factors. The gut microbiota has been strongly supposed to be involved but its role in hypertension is still poorly understood. In an attempt to fill this gap, here we characterized the microbial composition of fecal samples from 48 hypertensive and 32 normotensive Brazilian individuals by next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In addition, the cytokine production of peripheral blood samples was investigated to build an immunological profile of these individuals. We identified a dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota in hypertensive subjects, featured by reduced biodiversity and distinct bacterial signatures compared with the normotensive counterpart. Along with a reduction in Bacteroidetes members, hypertensive individuals were indeed mainly characterized by increased proportions of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia while decreased relative abundances of well-known butyrate-producing commensals, including Roseburia and Faecalibacterium within the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families. We also observed an inflamed immune profile in hypertensive individuals with an increase in TNF/IFN-γ ratio, and in TNF and IL-6 production when compared to normotensive ones. Our work provides the first evidence of association of hypertension with altered gut microbiota and inflammation in a Brazilian population. While lending support to the existence of potential microbial signatures of hypertension, likely to be robust to age and geography, our findings point to largely neglected bacteria as potential contributors to intestinal homeostasis loss and emphasize the high vulnerability of hypertensive individuals to inflammation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Silveira-Nunes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina, Instituto de Ciências da Vida, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Avançado de Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Danielle Fernandes Durso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luiz Roberto Alves de Oliveira Jr
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Angélica Thomaz Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elaine Speziali
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Corrêa-Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics (ITMM), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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48
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Kaye DM, Shihata WA, Jama HA, Tsyganov K, Ziemann M, Kiriazis H, Horlock D, Vijay A, Giam B, Vinh A, Johnson C, Fiedler A, Donner D, Snelson M, Coughlan MT, Phillips S, Du XJ, El-Osta A, Drummond G, Lambert GW, Spector TD, Valdes AM, Mackay CR, Marques FZ. Deficiency of Prebiotic Fiber and Insufficient Signaling Through Gut Metabolite-Sensing Receptors Leads to Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation 2020; 141:1393-1403. [PMID: 32093510 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.043081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High blood pressure (BP) continues to be a major, poorly controlled but modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular death. Among key Western lifestyle factors, a diet poor in fiber is associated with prevalence of high BP. The impact of lack of prebiotic fiber and the associated mechanisms that lead to higher BP are unknown. Here we show that lack of prebiotic dietary fiber leads to the development of a hypertensinogenic gut microbiota, hypertension and its complications, and demonstrate a role for G-protein coupled-receptors (GPCRs) that sense gut metabolites. METHODS One hundred seventy-nine mice including C57BL/6J, gnotobiotic C57BL/6J, and knockout strains for GPR41, GPR43, GPR109A, and GPR43/109A were included. C57BL/6J mice were implanted with minipumps containing saline or a slow-pressor dose of angiotensin II (0.25 mg·kg-1·d-1). Mice were fed diets lacking prebiotic fiber with or without addition of gut metabolites called short-chain fatty acids ([SCFA)] produced during fermentation of prebiotic fiber in the large intestine), or high prebiotic fiber diets. Cardiac histology and function, BP, sodium and potassium excretion, gut microbiome, flow cytometry, catecholamines and methylation-wide changes were determined. RESULTS Lack of prebiotic fiber predisposed mice to hypertension in the presence of a mild hypertensive stimulus, with resultant pathological cardiac remodeling. Transfer of a hypertensinogenic microbiota to gnotobiotic mice recapitulated the prebiotic-deprived hypertensive phenotype, including cardiac manifestations. Reintroduction of SCFAs to fiber-depleted mice had protective effects on the development of hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis. The cardioprotective effect of SCFAs were mediated via the cognate SCFA receptors GPR43/GPR109A, and modulated L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine levels and the abundance of T regulatory cells regulated by DNA methylation. CONCLUSIONS The detrimental effects of low fiber Westernized diets may underlie hypertension, through deficient SCFA production and GPR43/109A signaling. Maintaining a healthy, SCFA-producing microbiota is important for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Kaye
- Heart Failure Research Group (D.M.K., W.A.S., H.A.J., D.H., B.G., A.F., F.Z.M.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (D.M.K.).,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (D.M.K.)
| | - Waled A Shihata
- Heart Failure Research Group (D.M.K., W.A.S., H.A.J., D.H., B.G., A.F., F.Z.M.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hamdi A Jama
- Heart Failure Research Group (D.M.K., W.A.S., H.A.J., D.H., B.G., A.F., F.Z.M.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (H.A.J., K.T., F.Z.M.)
| | - Kirill Tsyganov
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (H.A.J., K.T., F.Z.M.).,Monash Bioinformatics Platform (K.T.)
| | - Mark Ziemann
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease (M.Z., A.E-O.).,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (M.Z.)
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Mouse Cardiology Research Platform (H.K., D.D., X-J.D.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Duncan Horlock
- Heart Failure Research Group (D.M.K., W.A.S., H.A.J., D.H., B.G., A.F., F.Z.M.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amrita Vijay
- Department for Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, UK (A.Vijay, T.D.S., A.M.V.)
| | - Beverly Giam
- Heart Failure Research Group (D.M.K., W.A.S., H.A.J., D.H., B.G., A.F., F.Z.M.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Antony Vinh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, and Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia (A.Vinh, G.D.)
| | | | - April Fiedler
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, and Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia (A.Vinh, G.D.)
| | - Daniel Donner
- Mouse Cardiology Research Platform (H.K., D.D., X-J.D.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Snelson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School (M.S., M.T.C.)
| | | | | | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Mouse Cardiology Research Platform (H.K., D.D., X-J.D.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease (M.Z., A.E-O.).,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories (A.E-O.)
| | - Grant Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, and Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia (A.Vinh, G.D.)
| | - Gavin W Lambert
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia (G.W.L.)
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department for Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, UK (A.Vijay, T.D.S., A.M.V.)
| | - Ana M Valdes
- Department for Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, UK (A.Vijay, T.D.S., A.M.V.).,School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, UK (A.M.V.)
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (C.R.M.).,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (C.R.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Heart Failure Research Group (D.M.K., W.A.S., H.A.J., D.H., B.G., A.F., F.Z.M.), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (H.A.J., K.T., F.Z.M.)
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49
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Zhang H, Qi D, Gu H, Wang T, Wu Y, Li J, Ni J, Liu J, Tu J, Ning X, Wang J. Trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of diabetes in rural areas of northern China from 1992 to 2011. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:241-249. [PMID: 31172682 PMCID: PMC6944834 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION The worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been increasing over the past decades, particularly in developing countries. Because of the lack of information regarding changes in diabetes mellitus prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in rural China, we assessed these trends - overall and in the context of related health conditions - to explore the impact of these primary health issues on these rates in a poorly educated, rural population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes mellitus prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates were compared between two surveys carried out in 1992 and 2011. The residents of three villages, aged 35-64 years, were recruited for this study. RESULTS In 1992, 1,091 individuals were interviewed and, in 2011, 2,338 individuals were interviewed. Between the two surveys, the overall diabetes mellitus prevalence in the study population was lower in 1992 than that in 2011 (P < 0.001); among men, the prevalence was 5.2-fold higher in 2011 than in 1992 (10.5 vs 1.7%) and nearly 4.3-fold higher (11.2 vs 2.1%) among women. Men aged 35-44 years, with >6 years of education, stage I hypertension and being overweight, had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus in 2011 than in 1992. Similarly, for the same time periods, there was also a higher diabetes mellitus prevalence among women aged 55-64 years, with 1-6 years of education, stage III hypertension and who were overweight. However, there were no significant changes in diabetes mellitus awareness, treatment or control in this population. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that particular efforts must be made to enhance diabetes mellitus prevention, control and public awareness in rural communities in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Dongwang Qi
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Hongfei Gu
- Department of NeurologyTianjin Haibin People's HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of NeurologyTianjin Haibin People's HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Yanan Wu
- Department of NeurologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Laboratory of EpidemiologyTianjin Neurological InstituteTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Post‐Neuroinjury Neuro‐Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous SystemTianjin Neurological InstituteMinistry of Education and Tianjin CityTianjinChina
| | - Jingyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Jingxian Ni
- Department of NeurologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Laboratory of EpidemiologyTianjin Neurological InstituteTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Post‐Neuroinjury Neuro‐Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous SystemTianjin Neurological InstituteMinistry of Education and Tianjin CityTianjinChina
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of NeurologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Laboratory of EpidemiologyTianjin Neurological InstituteTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Post‐Neuroinjury Neuro‐Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous SystemTianjin Neurological InstituteMinistry of Education and Tianjin CityTianjinChina
| | - Jun Tu
- Department of NeurologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Laboratory of EpidemiologyTianjin Neurological InstituteTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Post‐Neuroinjury Neuro‐Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous SystemTianjin Neurological InstituteMinistry of Education and Tianjin CityTianjinChina
| | - Xianjia Ning
- Department of NeurologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Laboratory of EpidemiologyTianjin Neurological InstituteTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Post‐Neuroinjury Neuro‐Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous SystemTianjin Neurological InstituteMinistry of Education and Tianjin CityTianjinChina
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of NeurologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Laboratory of EpidemiologyTianjin Neurological InstituteTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Post‐Neuroinjury Neuro‐Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous SystemTianjin Neurological InstituteMinistry of Education and Tianjin CityTianjinChina
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Omar WFNW, Abdullah A, Talib NA, Shah ASM, Rahman JA. Leucocytic DNA Methylation of Interleukin-6 Promoter Reduction in Pre-Hypertensive Young Adults. Malays J Med Sci 2019; 26:46-54. [PMID: 31908586 PMCID: PMC6939726 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.6.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pre-hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Chronic inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension, with epigenetic dysregulation involvement. Nevertheless, the role of DNA methylation in prehypertensive state is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between DNA methylation level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter in pre-hypertensive (PreHT) and normotensive (NT) young adults. Methods A total of 80 NT and 80 PreHT healthy subjects aged between 18-45 years were recruited in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia using an observational cross-sectional study approach. DNA methylation level of IL-6 promoter in peripheral leukocytes were measured using bisulphite conversion and MethyLight assay. Results There was no significant difference in age between NT and PreHT (P = 0.655). The mean blood pressure was 110(8)/73(5) mmHg in NT and 125(7)/82(5) mmHg in PreHT subjects. The IL-6 promoter methylation level was significantly lower in PreHT compared to NT subjects (P < 0.001). Conclusion The current study demonstrates that hypomethylation of IL-6 promoter was associated with pre-hypertension in young adults. Thus, IL-6 methylation could be used as an early indicator for predicting hypertension and related risk of cardiovascular diseases in prehypertensive subjects. Gene expression and longitudinal studies are warranted to examine the methylation effect on IL-6 expression over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Fatein Nabeila Wan Omar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Aszrin Abdullah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Norlelawati A Talib
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Azarisman Shah Mohd Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Jamalludin Ab Rahman
- Department of Community Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
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