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Frescura F, Stark T, Tiziani E, Di Martino S, Ruda-Kucerova J, Drago F, Ferraro L, Micale V, Beggiato S. Prenatal MAM exposure raises kynurenic acid levels in the prefrontal cortex of adult rats. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:887-894. [PMID: 38789891 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00604-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated brain levels of kynurenic acid (KYNA), a metabolite in the kynurenine pathway, are associated with cognitive dysfunctions, which are nowadays often considered as fundamental characteristics of several psychopathologies; however, the role of KYNA in mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, is not fully elucidated. This study aimed to assess KYNA levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rats prenatally treated with methylazoxymethanol (MAM) acetate, i.e., a well-validated neurodevelopmental animal model of schizophrenia. The effects of an early pharmacological modulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system were also evaluated. METHODS Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with MAM (22 mg/kg, ip) or its vehicle at gestational day 17. Male offspring were treated with the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist AM251 (0.5 mg/kg/day, ip) or with the typical antipsychotic haloperidol (0.6 mg/kg/day, ip) from postnatal day (PND) 19 to PND39. The locomotor activity and cognitive performance were assessed in the novel object recognition test and the open field test in adulthood. KYNA levels in the PFC of prenatally MAM-treated rats were also assessed. RESULTS A significant cognitive impairment was observed in prenatally MAM-treated rats (p < 0.01), which was associated with enhanced PFC KYNA levels (p < 0.05). The peripubertal AM251, but not haloperidol, treatment ameliorated the cognitive deficit (p < 0.05), by normalizing the PFC KYNA content in MAM rats. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that the cognitive deficit observed in MAM rats may be related to enhanced PFC KYNA levels which could be, in turn, mediated by the activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptor. These results further support the modulation of brain KYNA levels as a potential therapeutic strategy to ameliorate the cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Frescura
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tibor Stark
- Department Emotion Research, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80807, Munich, Germany
| | - Edoardo Tiziani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Serena Di Martino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Jana Ruda-Kucerova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
- Psychiatric Department, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Vincenzo Micale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Sarah Beggiato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Psychiatric Department, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zeng Y, Sun ML, Liu D, Huang Y, Xie S, Zhao YX, Wu ZX, Liu Y, Ma G, Xie L, Dang YT, Hao LY, Wang QH, Wang HJ, Yang L, Xue ZY, Pan ZQ. Kv3.1 Interaction with UBR5 Is Required for Chronic Inflammatory Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04259-5. [PMID: 38865078 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory pain caused by neuronal hyperactivity is a common and refractory disease. Kv3.1, a member of the Kv3 family of voltage-dependent K+ channels, is a major determinant of the ability of neurons to generate high-frequency action potentials. However, little is known about its role in chronic inflammatory pain. Here, we show that although Kv3.1 mRNA expression was unchanged, Kv3.1 protein expression was decreased in the dorsal spinal horn of mice after plantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), a mouse model of inflammatory pain. Upregulating Kv3.1 expression alleviated CFA-induced mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia, whereas downregulating Kv3.1 induced nociception-like behaviors. Additionally, we found that ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 5 (UBR5), a key factor in the initiation of chronic pain, binds directly to Kv3.1 to drive its ubiquitin degradation. Intrathecal injection of the peptide TP-CH-401, a Kv3.1 ubiquitination motif sequence, rescued the decrease in Kv3.1 expression and Kv currents through competitive binding to UBR5, and consequently attenuated mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. These findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized pathway of Kv3.1 abrogation by UBR5 and indicate that Kv3.1 is critically involved in the regulation of nociceptive behavior. Kv3.1 is thus a promising new target for treating inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zeng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Tong Shan Road no. 209, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Lan Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Tong Shan Road no. 209, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Tong Shan Road no. 209, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shan Xie
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Tong Shan Road no. 209, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ya-Xuan Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Tong Shan Road no. 209, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Tong Shan Road no. 209, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Tong Shan Road no. 209, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gan Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Tong Shan Road no. 209, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling Xie
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Tong Shan Road no. 209, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Tao Dang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Tong Shan Road no. 209, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling-Yun Hao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Tong Shan Road no. 209, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi-Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Tong Shan Road no. 209, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong-Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Tong Shan Road no. 209, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Tong Shan Road no. 209, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhou-Ya Xue
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Tong Shan Road no. 209, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, 224008, China.
| | - Zhi-Qiang Pan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Tong Shan Road no. 209, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Stubbendorff C, Hale E, Day HLL, Smith J, Alvaro GS, Large CH, Stevenson CW. Pharmacological modulation of Kv3 voltage-gated potassium channels regulates fear discrimination and expression in a response-dependent manner. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 127:110829. [PMID: 37451593 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Various psychiatric diseases are characterized by aberrant cognition and emotional regulation. This includes inappropriately attributing affective salience to innocuous cues, which can be investigated using translationally relevant preclinical models of fear discrimination. Activity in the underpinning corticolimbic circuitry is governed by parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons, which also regulate fear discrimination. Kv3 voltage-gated potassium channels are highly expressed in these neurons and are important for controlling their activity, suggesting that pharmacological Kv3 modulation may regulate fear discrimination. We determined the effect of the positive Kv3 modulator AUT00206 given systemically to female rats undergoing limited or extended auditory fear discrimination training, which we have previously shown results in more discrimination or generalization, respectively, based on freezing at retrieval. We also characterized darting and other active fear-related responses. We found that limited training resulted in more discrimination based on freezing, which was unaffected by AUT00206. In contrast, extended training resulted in more generalization based on freezing and the emergence of discrimination based on darting during training and, to a lesser extent, at retrieval. Importantly, AUT00206 given before extended training had dissociable effects on fear discrimination and expression at retrieval depending on the response examined. While AUT00206 mitigated generalization without affecting expression based on freezing, it reduced expression without affecting discrimination based on darting, although darting levels were low overall. These results indicate that pharmacological Kv3 modulation regulates fear discrimination and expression in a response-dependent manner. They also raise the possibility that targeting Kv3 channels may ameliorate perturbed cognition and emotional regulation in psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Stubbendorff
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ed Hale
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Harriet L L Day
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jessica Smith
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Giuseppe S Alvaro
- Autifony Therapeutics Limited, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Charles H Large
- Autifony Therapeutics Limited, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Carl W Stevenson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
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4
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Rodríguez-Vega A, Dutra-Tavares AC, Souza TP, Semeão KA, Filgueiras CC, Ribeiro-Carvalho A, Manhães AC, Abreu-Villaça Y. Nicotine Exposure in a Phencyclidine-Induced Mice Model of Schizophrenia: Sex-Selective Medial Prefrontal Cortex Protein Markers of the Combined Insults in Adolescent Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14634. [PMID: 37834084 PMCID: PMC10572990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco misuse as a comorbidity of schizophrenia is frequently established during adolescence. However, comorbidity markers are still missing. Here, the method of label-free proteomics was used to identify deregulated proteins in the medial prefrontal cortex (prelimbic and infralimbic) of male and female mice modelled to schizophrenia with a history of nicotine exposure during adolescence. Phencyclidine (PCP), used to model schizophrenia (SCHZ), was combined with an established model of nicotine minipump infusions (NIC). The combined insults led to worse outcomes than each insult separately when considering the absolute number of deregulated proteins and that of exclusively deregulated ones. Partially shared Reactome pathways between sexes and between PCP, NIC and PCPNIC groups indicate functional overlaps. Distinctively, proteins differentially expressed exclusively in PCPNIC mice reveal unique effects associated with the comorbidity model. Interactome maps of these proteins identified sex-selective subnetworks, within which some proteins stood out: for females, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (Fkbp1a) and heat shock 70 kDa protein 1B (Hspa1b), both components of the oxidative stress subnetwork, and gamma-enolase (Eno2), a component of the energy metabolism subnetwork; and for males, amphiphysin (Amph), a component of the synaptic transmission subnetwork. These are proposed to be further investigated and validated as markers of the combined insult during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rodríguez-Vega
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil; (A.R.-V.); (A.C.D.-T.); (T.P.S.); (K.A.S.); (C.C.F.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Ana Carolina Dutra-Tavares
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil; (A.R.-V.); (A.C.D.-T.); (T.P.S.); (K.A.S.); (C.C.F.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Thainá P. Souza
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil; (A.R.-V.); (A.C.D.-T.); (T.P.S.); (K.A.S.); (C.C.F.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Keila A. Semeão
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil; (A.R.-V.); (A.C.D.-T.); (T.P.S.); (K.A.S.); (C.C.F.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Claudio C. Filgueiras
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil; (A.R.-V.); (A.C.D.-T.); (T.P.S.); (K.A.S.); (C.C.F.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Anderson Ribeiro-Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências, Faculdade de Formação de Professores da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, São Gonçalo 24435-005, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Alex C. Manhães
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil; (A.R.-V.); (A.C.D.-T.); (T.P.S.); (K.A.S.); (C.C.F.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Yael Abreu-Villaça
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil; (A.R.-V.); (A.C.D.-T.); (T.P.S.); (K.A.S.); (C.C.F.); (A.C.M.)
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5
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Cui K, Yu Z, Xu L, Jiang W, Wang L, Wang X, Zou D, Gu J, Gao F, Zhang X, Wang Z. Behavioral features and disorganization of oscillatory activity in C57BL/6J mice after acute low dose MK-801 administration. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1001869. [PMID: 36188453 PMCID: PMC9515662 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1001869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low dose acute administration of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist MK-801 is widely used to model cognition impairments associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) in rodents. However, due to no unified standards for animal strain, dose, route of drug delivery, and the duration of administration, how different doses of MK-801 influence behavior and fundamental frequency bands of the local field potential (LFP) in cortical and subcortical brain regions without consistent conclusions. The optimal dose of MK-801 as a valid cognition impairers to model CIAS in C57BL/6J mice remains unclear. The current study characterizes the behavior and neural oscillation alterations induced by different low doses of MK-801 in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus CA1 of C57BL/6J mice. The results reveal that mice treated with 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg MK-801 demonstrate increased locomotion and diminished prepulse inhibition (PPI), while not when treated with 0.05 mg/kg MK-801. We also find that MK-801 dose as low as 0.05 mg/kg can significantly diminishes spontaneous alteration during the Y-maze test. Additionally, the oscillation power in delta, theta, alpha, gamma and HFO bands of the LFP in mPFC and CA1 was potentiated by different dose levels of MK-801 administration. The current findings revealed that the observed sensitivity against spontaneous alteration impairment and neural oscillation at 0.05 mg/kg MK-801 suggest that 0.05 mg/kg will produce changes in CIAS-relevant behavior without overt changes in locomotion and sensorimotor processing in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Kang Ning Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Wangcong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Luwan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiangqun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Dandan Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiajie Gu
- The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Feng Gao
- The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
- The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Kang Ning Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhengchun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
- The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Kang Ning Hospital, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengchun Wang,
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6
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Angelescu I, Kaar SJ, Marques TR, Borgan F, Veronesse M, Sharman A, Sajjala A, Deakin B, Hutchison J, Large C, Howes OD. The effect of AUT00206, a Kv3 potassium channel modulator, on dopamine synthesis capacity and the reliability of [ 18F]-FDOPA imaging in schizophrenia. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:1061-1069. [PMID: 36164687 PMCID: PMC9554157 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221122031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatments for schizophrenia act directly on dopamine (DA) receptors but are ineffective for many patients, highlighting the need to develop new treatment approaches. Striatal DA dysfunction, indexed using [18F]-FDOPA imaging, is linked to the pathoetiology of schizophrenia. We evaluated the effect of a novel drug, AUT00206, a Kv3.1/3.2 potassium channel modulator, on dopaminergic function in schizophrenia and its relationship with symptom change. Additionally, we investigated the test-retest reliability of [18F]-FDOPA PET in schizophrenia to determine its potential as a biomarker for drug discovery. METHODS Twenty patients with schizophrenia received symptom measures and [18F]-FDOPA PET scans, before and after being randomised to AUT00206 or placebo groups for up to 28 days treatment. RESULTS AUT00206 had no significant effect on DA synthesis capacity. However, there was a correlation between reduction in striatal dopamine synthesis capacity (indexed as Kicer) and reduction in symptoms, in the AUT00206 group (r = 0.58, p = 0.03). This was not observed in the placebo group (r = -0.15, p = 0.75), although the placebo group may have been underpowered to detect an effect. The intraclass correlation coefficients of [18F]-FDOPA indices in the placebo group ranged from 0.83 to 0.93 across striatal regions. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between reduction in DA synthesis capacity and improvement in symptoms in the AUT00206 group provides evidence for a pharmacodynamic effect of the Kv3 channel modulator. The lack of a significant overall reduction in DA synthesis capacity in the AUT00206 group could be due to variability and the low number of subjects in this study. These findings support further investigation of Kv3 channel modulators for schizophrenia treatment. [18F]-FDOPA PET imaging showed very good test-retest reliability in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilinca Angelescu
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Stephen J Kaar
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Faith Borgan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mattia Veronesse
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alice Sharman
- Autifony Therapeutics Limited, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, UK
| | - Anil Sajjala
- Autifony Therapeutics Limited, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, UK
| | - Bill Deakin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John Hutchison
- Autifony Therapeutics Limited, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, UK
| | - Charles Large
- Autifony Therapeutics Limited, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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7
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Vines L, Sotelo D, Johnson A, Dennis E, Manza P, Volkow ND, Wang GJ. Ketamine use disorder: preclinical, clinical, and neuroimaging evidence to support proposed mechanisms of actions. INTELLIGENT MEDICINE 2022; 2:61-68. [PMID: 35783539 PMCID: PMC9249268 DOI: 10.1016/j.imed.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine, a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, has been exclusively used as an anesthetic in medicine and has led to new insights into the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Clinical studies have shown that low subanesthetic doses of ketamine produce antidepressant effects for individuals with depression. However, its use as a treatment for psychiatric disorders has been limited due to its reinforcing effects and high potential for diversion and misuse. Preclinical studies have focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ketamine's antidepressant effects, but a precise mechanism had yet to be elucidated. Here we review different hypotheses for ketamine's mechanism of action including the direct inhibition and disinhibition of NMDA receptors, AMPAR activation, and heightened activation of monoaminergic systems. The proposed mechanisms are not mutually exclusive, and their combined influence may exert the observed structural and functional neural impairments. Long term use of ketamine induces brain structural, functional impairments, and neurodevelopmental effects in both rodents and humans. Its misuse has increased rapidly in the past 20 years and is one of the most common addictive drugs used in Asia. The proposed mechanisms of action and supporting neuroimaging data allow for the development of tools to identify 'biotypes' of ketamine use disorder (KUD) using machine learning approaches, which could inform intervention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Corresponding author: Gene-Jack Wang, Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Rm B2L124, Bethesda, Maryland, United States ()
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8
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Differential expression of miR-148b, miR-129-2 and miR-296 in animal models of schizophrenia-Relevance to NMDA receptor hypofunction. Neuropharmacology 2022; 210:109024. [PMID: 35276119 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypofunction of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) is a key component in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Alterations in the regulation of NMDARs by microRNAs (miRNAs) are possible since numerous miRNAs are differentially expressed in post mortem schizophrenia brain samples. We screened the miRNAs that are altered in schizophrenia against the targets, Grin2A and Grin2B subunits of NMDAR using bioinformatic tools. Among the predicted miRNAs some interacted with the 3'-UTR sequences of Grin2A (miR-296, miR-148b, miR-129-2, miR-137) and Grin2B (miR-296, miR-148b, miR-129-2, miR-223) in dual luciferase assays. This was supported by downregulation of the GluN2B protein in primary hippocampal neurons upon overexpressing Grin2B targeting miRNAs. In two models of schizophrenia-pharmacological MK-801 model and neurodevelopmental methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) model which showed cognitive deficits - protein levels of GluN2A and GluN2B were downregulated but their transcript levels were upregulated. miR-296-3p, miR-148b-5p and miR-137 levels showed upregulation in both models which could have interacted with Grin2A/Grin2B transcripts resulting in translational arrest. In MAM model, reciprocal changes in the expression of the 3p and 5p forms of miR-148b and miR-137 were observed. Expression of some genes implicated in schizophrenia such as Neuregulin 1 (NRG1), BDNF and CaMKIIα, were also altered in these models. This is the first report showing downregulation of GluN2A and GluN2B by miR-296, miR-148b and miR-129-2 in vitro and association between them in animal models. Mining miRNAs regulating NMDA receptors might give insights into the pathophysiology of this disorder, providing avenues in therapeutics.
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Tsai CW, Tsai SJ, Pan YJ, Lin HM, Pan TY, Yang FY. Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation Reverses Behavior Changes and the Expression of Calcium-Binding Protein in a Rodent Model of Schizophrenia. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:649-659. [PMID: 35229268 PMCID: PMC9226253 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01195-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunctions are a core feature of schizophrenia that may be linked to abnormalities in gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA)ergic neurons. Traditional antipsychotics show poor efficacy in treating cognitive symptoms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the restorative role of transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) in counteracting dizocilpine (MK-801)-induced cognitive deficits and GABAergic interneuron dysfunction in a simulation of schizophrenia. Some rats subjected to MK-801 administration were treated with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) daily for 5 days, while other rats subjected to MK-801 administration received no LIPUS treatment. After LIPUS treatment, the neuroprotective effects of LIPUS in the LIPUS-treated rats were assessed through behavioral analysis, western blotting, and histological observations. Compared with the MK-801-treated group, the MK-801 plus LIPUS-treated rats revealed a preference for novel objects. The MK-801 plus LIPUS-treated rats also exhibited a significant decrease in swim times compared to the MK-801-treated rats. LIPUS stimulation significantly increased hippocampal levels of CB and PV and restored the cell densities of PV + and CB + in the cingulate cortex in the MK-801 plus LIPUS-treated group. In addition, LIPUS stimulation rebalanced the BDNF levels in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. Our findings indicate that LIPUS improves cognitive deficits and ameliorates neuropathology in MK-801-treated rats. These results suggest that LIPUS may constitute a potential novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Wen Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Mei Lin
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Pan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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10
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Stark T, Iannotti FA, Di Martino S, Di Bartolomeo M, Ruda-Kucerova J, Piscitelli F, Wotjak CT, D’Addario C, Drago F, Di Marzo V, Micale V. Early Blockade of CB1 Receptors Ameliorates Schizophrenia-like Alterations in the Neurodevelopmental MAM Model of Schizophrenia. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010108. [PMID: 35053256 PMCID: PMC8773886 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In agreement with the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia, prenatal exposure of Sprague-Dawley rats to the antimitotic agent methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) at gestational day 17 produces long-lasting behavioral alterations such as social withdrawal and cognitive impairment in adulthood, mimicking a schizophrenia-like phenotype. These abnormalities were preceded at neonatal age both by the delayed appearance of neonatal reflexes, an index of impaired brain maturation, and by higher 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) brain levels. Schizophrenia-like deficits were reversed by early treatment [from postnatal day (PND) 2 to PND 8] with the CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist AM251 (0.5 mg/kg/day). By contrast, early CB1 blockade affected the behavioral performance of control rats which was paralleled by enhanced 2-AG content in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). These results suggest that prenatal MAM insult leads to premorbid anomalies at neonatal age via altered tone of the endocannabinoid system, which may be considered as an early marker preceding the development of schizophrenia-like alterations in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Stark
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.S.); (J.R.-K.)
- Scientific Core Unit Neuroimaging, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.A.I.); (F.P.); (V.D.M.)
| | - Serena Di Martino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.D.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Martina Di Bartolomeo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Jana Ruda-Kucerova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.S.); (J.R.-K.)
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.A.I.); (F.P.); (V.D.M.)
| | - Carsten T. Wotjak
- Central Nervous System Diseases Research (CNSDR), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany;
| | - Claudio D’Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.D.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.A.I.); (F.P.); (V.D.M.)
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de l’Université et Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Micale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.D.M.); (F.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-4781199
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Effects of an Atypical Antipsychotic, Zotepine, on Astroglial L-Glutamate Release through Hemichannels: Exploring the Mechanism of Mood-Stabilising Antipsychotic Actions and Antipsychotic-Induced Convulsion. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111116. [PMID: 34832898 PMCID: PMC8625878 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating neuropsychopharmacological evidence has suggested that functional abnormalities of astroglial transmission and protein kinase B (Akt) contribute to the pathophysiology and/or pathomechanisms of several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, affective disorders and antipsychotic-induced convulsions. Therefore, to explore the pathophysiology of mood-stabilising antipsychotics and the proconvulsive actions of atypical antipsychotics, the present study determined the effects of a mood-stabilising, atypical, antipsychotic agent, zotepine (ZTP), on astroglial L-glutamate release and the expression of connexin43 (Cx43) protein in cortical, primary, cultured astrocytes using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography and capillary immunoblotting systems. Both acute and subchronic administrations of therapeutically relevant concentrations of ZTP did not affect astroglial L-glutamate release or Cx43 expression in plasma membranes; however, chronic administration of a therapeutically relevant concentration of ZTP increased astroglial L-glutamate release and Cx43 expression in the plasma membrane. Subchronic administrations of a supratherapeutic concentration of ZTP enhanced astroglial L-glutamate release and Cx43 expression in the plasma membrane, whereas acute administration of a supratherapeutic concentration of ZTP enhanced astroglial L-glutamate release without affecting Cx43 expression. These stimulatory effects of ZTP on astroglial L-glutamate release through activated hemichannels and Cx43 trafficking to the astroglial plasma membrane were suppressed by the Akt inhibitor. These results suggest that ZTP enhances astroglial L-glutamate release in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner due to the enhanced function of astroglial hemichannels, probably via activation of Akt signalling. Therefore, the enhanced astroglial L-glutamatergic transmission induced by ZTP is, at least partially, involved in the mood-stabilising antipsychotic and proconvulsive actions of ZTP.
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12
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Vandevelde A, Métivier L, Dollfus S. Impact cérébral structurel et fonctionnel de la Clozapine chez les patients souffrant de schizophrénie : revue systématique des études longitudinales en neuroimagerie. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2021; 66:683-700. [PMID: 33131322 PMCID: PMC8329901 DOI: 10.1177/0706743720966459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIF L'objectif de cette revue est d'identifier les corrélats anatomo-fonctionnels cérébraux lors d'un traitement par clozapine (CLZ) ainsi que les marqueurs anatomo-fonctionnels prédictifs de la réponse à la CLZ. MÉTHODES Nous avons réalisé une revue systématique de la littérature avec les bases de données MEDLINE et Web of Science afin d'identifier et d'examiner toutes les études longitudinales en neuroimagerie investiguant l'impact cérébral de la CLZ. RÉSULTATS 30 études ont été incluses et analysées. La CLZ induit une diminution du volume et de la perfusion dans les noyaux gris centraux chez les patients répondeurs. Un plus grand volume de substance grise et perfusion dans ces structures avant l'instauration de la CLZ étaient associés à une meilleure réponse au traitement. La diminution de volume et de perfusion au niveau du cortex préfrontal (CPF) est observée malgré l'instauration de CLZ mais de façon moins importante chez les patients sous CLZ que chez les patients sous antipsychotiques typiques. Un plus grand volume au niveau du CPF avant l'instauration de la CLZ est associé à une meilleure réponse clinique dans la majorité des études. Enfin, la CLZ semble induire une réduction des altérations au niveau de la substance blanche. CONCLUSION Les corrélats anatomo-fonctionnels de la CLZ différent de ceux des autres antipsychotiques avec une action spécifique de la CLZ au niveau des ganglions de la base et du CPF pouvant participer à sa supériorité en termes de réponse clinique. Plusieurs données cliniques et d'imagerie conduisent à l'hypothèse d'un meilleur pronostic associé à une instauration plus rapide de la CLZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Vandevelde
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ISTS, EA 7466, GIP 55388Cyceron, boulevard Henri-Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France.,26962Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UFR de médecine (Medical School), 14000 Caen, France.,Anaïs Vandevelde et Lucie Métivier ont participé de la même façon à ce travail et sont co-premier auteurs
| | - Lucie Métivier
- 26962Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UFR de médecine (Medical School), 14000 Caen, France.,CHU de Caen, centre Esquirol, service de psychiatrie, 14000 Caen, France.,Anaïs Vandevelde et Lucie Métivier ont participé de la même façon à ce travail et sont co-premier auteurs
| | - Sonia Dollfus
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ISTS, EA 7466, GIP 55388Cyceron, boulevard Henri-Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France.,26962Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UFR de médecine (Medical School), 14000 Caen, France.,CHU de Caen, centre Esquirol, service de psychiatrie, 14000 Caen, France
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13
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Venkataramaiah C, Payani S, Priya BL, Pradeepkiran JA. Therapeutic potentiality of a new flavonoid against ketamine induced glutamatergic dysregulation in schizophrenia: In vivo and in silico approach. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111453. [PMID: 34187143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate and dopamine hypotheses are leading theories of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that dopaminergic and glutamatergic dysfunction is an underlying mechanism in schizophrenia. Since currently available antipsychotic drugs have significant untoward side effects, identification of new neuroprotective compounds from the medicinal plants may prove beneficial in neurodegenerative disorders. In our previous investigation we have isolated, characterized and reported a novel bioactive compound viz. 3-(3, 4-dimethoxy phenyl)-1-(4-methoxy phenyl) prop-2-en-1-one from the Celastrus paniculatus (CP) is used for the current clinical intervention of schizophrenia disease. The present study is mainly aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of the above bioactive compound against ketamine-induced schizophrenia with particular reference to glutamate metabolism using in vivo and in silico methods. The decrease in glutamine content and the activity levels of glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, and glutaminase in different regions of the rat brain suggests lowered oxidative deamination and lowered mobilization of glutamate towards glutamine formation during ketamine-induced schizophrenia. Pre-treatment with the plant compound reversed the alterations in glutamate metabolism and restored the normal glutamatergic neurotransmission akin to the reference drug, clozapine. In addition, the compound has shown strong interaction and exhibited the highest binding energies against selected NMDA receptors with the lowest inhibition constant than the reference drug. Recoveries of these parameters during anti-schizophrenic treatment suggest that administration of plant compound might offer neuroprotection by interrupting the pathological cascade of glutamatergic neurotransmission that occurs during schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintha Venkataramaiah
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Sri Venkateswara Vedic University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sholapuri Payani
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Bandila Lakshmi Priya
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Jangampalli Adi Pradeepkiran
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India; Deapartment of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University of Health Science Centre, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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14
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Hoffman KL. From the Clinic to the Laboratory, and Back Again: Investigations on Cannabinoids and Endocannabinoid System Modulators for Treating Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:682611. [PMID: 34290632 PMCID: PMC8287066 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.682611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present mini-review focuses on animal models of schizophrenia that have explored the effects of cannabidiol (CBD; a non-psychoactive component of cannabis) or the pharmacological manipulation of the endocannabinoid system on behavioral and cognitive outcome measures. First, results of some relevant clinical studies in this area are summarized, and then pre-clinical work on animal models of schizophrenia based on NMDA receptor antagonism or neurodevelopmental manipulations are discussed. A brief overview is given of the theoretical framework on which these models are based, along with a concise summary of results that have been obtained. Clinical results using CBD for schizophrenia seem promising and its effects in animal models of schizophrenia support its potential as a useful pharmacotherapy. Animal models have been paramount for elucidating the actions of CBD and the function of the endocannabinoid system and for identifying novel pharmacological targets, such as cannabinoid receptors and anandamide. However, more attention needs to be placed on defining and applying independent variables and outcome measures that are comparable between pre-clinical and clinical studies. The objective of this review is, on the one hand, to emphasize the potential of such models to predict clinical response to experimental drugs, and on the other hand, to highlight areas in which research on such models could be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Leroy Hoffman
- Centro de Investigación en Reproduccion Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV'-IPN), Tlaxcala, Mexico
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15
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Loureiro CM, Fachim HA, Corsi-Zuelli F, Shuhama R, Joca S, Menezes PR, Dalton CF, Del-Ben CM, Louzada-Junior P, Reynolds GP. Epigenetic-mediated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor changes in the brain of isolated reared rats. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1983-1997. [PMID: 33242253 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated: Grin1, Grin2a, Grin2b DNA methylation; NR1 and NR2 mRNA/protein in the prefrontal cortex (PFC); and hippocampus of male Wistar rats exposed to isolation rearing. Materials & methods: Animals were kept isolated or grouped (n = 10/group) from weaning for 10 weeks. Tissues were dissected for RNA/DNA extraction and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, ELISA and pyrosequencing. Results: Isolated-reared animals had: decreased mRNA in PFC for all markers, increased NR1 protein in hippocampus and hypermethylation of Grin1 in PFC and Grin2b in hippocampus, compared with grouped rats. Associations between mRNA/protein and DNA methylation were found for both brain areas. Conclusion: This study indicates that epigenetic DNA methylation may underlie N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor mRNA/protein expression alterations caused by isolation rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Marcelino Loureiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology. Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helene Aparecida Fachim
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.,Department of Neurosciences & Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli
- Department of Neurosciences & Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosana Shuhama
- Department of Neurosciences & Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sâmia Joca
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Paulo Rossi Menezes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline F Dalton
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Cristina Marta Del-Ben
- Department of Neurosciences & Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Louzada-Junior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology. Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gavin P Reynolds
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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16
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Wang J, Yu W, Gao Q, Ju C, Wang K. Prefrontal inhibition of neuronal K v 7 channels enhances prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle reflex and resistance to hypofrontality. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4720-4733. [PMID: 32839968 PMCID: PMC7520443 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in the cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, characterized by deficient neurotransmission known as NMDA receptor hypofrontality. Thus, enhancing prefrontal activity may alleviate hypofrontality‐induced cognitive deficits. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of forebrain‐specific suppression or pharmacological inhibition of native Kv7/KCNQ/M‐current on glutamatergic hypofrontality induced by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK‐801. Experimental Approach The forebrain‐specific inhibition of native M‐current was generated by transgenic expression, in mice, of a dominant‐negative pore mutant G279S of Kv7.2/KCNQ2 channels that suppresses channel function. A mouse model of cognitive impairment was established by single i.p. injection of 0.1 mg·kg−1 MK‐801. Mouse models of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle reflex and Y‐maze spontaneous alternation test were used for evaluation of cognitive behaviour. Hippocampal brain slice recordings of LTP were used to assess synaptic plasticity. Hippocampus and cortex were dissected for detecting protein expression using western blot analysis. Key Results Genetic suppression of Kv7 channel function in the forebrain or pharmacological inhibition of Kv7 channels by the specific blocker XE991 enhanced PPI and also alleviated MK‐801 induced cognitive decline. XE991 also attenuated MK‐801‐induced LTP deficits and increased basal synaptic transmissions. Western blot analysis revealed that inhibiting Kv7 channels resulted in elevation of pAkt1 and pGSK‐3β expressions in both hippocampus and cortex. Conclusions and Implications Both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of Kv7 channels alleviated PPI and cognitive deficits. Mechanistically, inhibition of Kv7 channels promotes synaptic transmission and activates Akt1/GSK‐3β signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qin Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanxia Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - KeWei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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17
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Pazooki K, Leibetseder M, Renner W, Gougleris G, Kapsali E. Neurofeedback Treatment of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Two Case Reports. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2020; 44:31-39. [PMID: 30267339 PMCID: PMC6373527 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-018-9417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia, like diminished emotional expression and a dearth of self-initiated behavior do not respond reliably to anti-psychotic medication or to conventional psychotherapeutic approaches. Starting from evidence on the probable neural basis of such symptoms and on the effectiveness of neurofeedback with other psychological disorders, the present case study applied 20 sessions of EEG neurofeedback to a 45-year-old female and a 30-year-old male, both diagnosed with severe negative symptoms of schizophrenia. In both cases GAF scores were improved significantly and at the end of treatment, both patients did not meet the diagnostic criteria of negative symptomatology any longer. Symptom reduction went along with an obvious improvement of social, interpersonal, and cognitive abilities according to the clinical impression. Detailed data analysis revealed that these improvements went along with corresponding changes of EEG parameters and with distinct patterns and strategies of change in each of the two individuals. The results suggest that EEG neurofeedback should be examined on a larger scale as it offers a promising alternative to existing treatment approaches for negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Pazooki
- Group Psylux, Neuroacademy & Traumainstitut Luxembourg, Cabinet de Psychologie & de Sciences de la Psychothérapie Khashayar Pazooki, Luxembourg, 53, route d´Arlon, 8211, Mamer, Luxembourg. .,Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Walter Renner
- Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Pan-European University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriel Gougleris
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Halberg/Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Germany
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18
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Li G, Han X, Gao W, Song Z, Zhao S, Sun F, Ma H, Cui A, Tang X, Ma G. Influence of EGR3 Transfection on Imaging and Behavior in Rats and Therapeutic Effect of Risperidone in Schizophrenia Model. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:00787. [PMID: 33192626 PMCID: PMC7542223 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a type of neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder. However, to date, scientists have not discovered the etiology and effective treatment of this condition. We injected the early growth response gene (EGR3) into the bilateral hippocampus to build a schizophrenia rat model. Behavioral phenotyping and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) were used to analyze the behavioral and cerebral alterations in the schizophrenia rat model. The efficacy of risperidone therapy was also evaluated. We divided 34 rats into four groups: schizophrenia model group (E group), sham-operation group (FE group), healthy control group (H group), and risperidone therapy group (T group). Open field test and Morris water maze were conducted as behavioral experiments. Next, we performed rs-fMRI after four weeks of EGR3 transfection and risperidone treatment and analyzed imaging data using regional homogeneity (ReHo), the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), and functional connectivity (FC). We examined the difference in behavioral and neural activation among the four groups and considered the correlations between behavior and imaging results. EGR3 gene transfection decreased the total moved distance in the open field test and the duration in the Q5 zone of the Morris water maze. Risperidone treatment reversed the trend and improved the performance of rats in these behavioral tests. Schizophrenia induced several neural alterations in ALFF and ReHo metrics of the rat brain, and risperidone could partly reverse these alterations. The results suggest that similar research is required for schizophrenia and that risperidone may be a novel treatment for dysregulated neural activation in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Han
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyu Song
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Feiyi Sun
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Ma
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ailing Cui
- Anatomy Department, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Xiaoying Tang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guolin Ma
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Gandara V, Pineda JA, Shu IW, Singh F. A Systematic Review of the Potential Use of Neurofeedback in Patients With Schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2020; 1:sgaa005. [PMID: 32803157 PMCID: PMC7418870 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by positive symptoms (hallucinations and delusions), negative symptoms (anhedonia, social withdrawal) and marked cognitive deficits (memory, executive function, and attention). Current mainstays of treatment, including medications and psychotherapy, do not adequately address cognitive symptoms, which are essential for everyday functioning. However, recent advances in computational neurobiology have rekindled interest in neurofeedback (NF), a form of self-regulation or neuromodulation, in potentially alleviating cognitive symptoms in patients with SCZ. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of the literature for NF studies in SCZ to identify lessons learned and to identify steps to move the field forward. Our findings reveal that NF studies to date consist mostly of case studies and small sample, single-group studies. Despite few randomized clinical trials, the results suggest that NF is feasible and that it leads to measurable changes in brain function. These findings indicate early proof-of-concept data that needs to be followed up by larger, randomized clinical trials, testing the efficacy of NF compared to well thought out placebos. We hope that such an undertaking by the field will lead to innovative solutions that address refractory symptoms and improve everyday functioning in patients with SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Gandara
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA
| | - Jaime A Pineda
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California at San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA
| | - I-Wei Shu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA
| | - Fiza Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA
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20
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Holahan MR, Tzakis N, Oliveira FA. Developmental Aspects of Glucose and Calcium Availability on the Persistence of Memory Function Over the Lifespan. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:253. [PMID: 31572169 PMCID: PMC6749050 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An important aspect concerning the underlying nature of memory function is an understanding of how memories are acquired and lost. The stability, and ultimate demise, of memory over the lifespan of an organism remains a critical topic in determining the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate memory representations. This has important implications for the elucidation and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). One important question in the context of preserving functional plasticity over the lifespan is the determination of the neurobiological structural and functional changes that contribute to the formation of memory during the juvenile time frame that might provide protection against later memory dysfunction by promoting the establishment of redundant neural pathways. The main question being, if memory formation during the juvenile period does strengthen and preserve memory stability over the lifespan, what are the neurobiological structural or functional substrates that mediate this effect? One neural attribute whose function may be altered with early life experience and provide a mechanism to preserve memory through the lifespan is glucose transport-linked calcium (Ca2+) buffering. Because peak increases in glucose utilization overlap with a timeframe during which spatial training can enhance later memory processing, it might be the case that learning-associated changes in glucose utilization would provide an important neural functional change to preserve memory function throughout the lifespan. The glucose transporters are proteins that are reduced in AD pathology and there is evidence that glucose reductions can impair Ca2+ buffering. In the absence of an appropriate supply of ATP, provided via glucose transport and glycolysis, Ca2+ levels can rise leading to neural vulnerability with ensuing pathological outcomes. In this review, we explore the hypothesis that enhancing glucose utilization with spatial training during the preadolescent period will provide a functional enhancement that regulates glucose-dependent Ca2+ signaling during aging or neurodegeneration and provide essential neural resources to preserve functional plasticity and memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Holahan
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology (LaNeC), Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Niko Tzakis
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Fernando A. Oliveira
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology (LaNeC), Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
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21
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Chronic phencyclidine treatment impairs spatial working memory in rhesus monkeys. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2223-2232. [PMID: 30911792 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Phencyclidine (PCP) could induce schizophrenia (Sz) like behavior in both humans and animals, therefore, has been widely utilized to establish Sz animal models. It induced cognitive deficits, the core symptom of Sz, mainly through influencing frontal dopaminergic function. Nonhuman primate (NHP) studies demonstrated impaired object retrieval detour (ORD) and spatial delayed response (SDR) task performance by acute or chronic PCP treatment. However, NHP investigations, continually monitoring SDR performance before, during and after PCP treatment, are lacking. OBJECTIVES Present study investigated the long-term influence of chronic PCP treatment on SDR performance and the possible increase of SDR deficit severity and duration by the incremental dosing procedure in rhesus monkeys. METHODS SDR task was performed repeatedly up to eight weeks after constant dosing procedure (i.m., 0.3 mg/kg, day 12-25), during which drug effects on locomotor activity and blood cortisol concentration were assessed. Incremental dosing procedure (starting dose 0.3 mg/kg, day 6-19) began five months later. RESULTS Constant dosing procedure induced differential level of hyperactivity across testing days, without significant influence on blood cortisol concentration. It reduced SDR performance, until occurrence of the first and worst impairment on day 15 and 23 respectively. The impaired performance recovered to pretreatment level over one week after drug cessation. In contrast, incremental dosing procedure impaired SDR performance on the first treatment day, which recovered within treatment period. CONCLUSION Results suggested increase of SDR deficit severity by repeated PCP administrations, whereas the incremental dosing procedure did not increase SDR deficit severity and duration.
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Krzystanek M, Pałasz A. NMDA Receptor Model of Antipsychotic Drug-Induced Hypofrontality. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061442. [PMID: 30901926 PMCID: PMC6471005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disease, affecting around 1% of the general population. Schizophrenia is characterized by productive, negative, affective, and disorganization symptoms, and cognitive deficits. Cognitive deficits prevail in most of the schizophrenia patients and are one of the most disabling symptoms. They usually occur before the acute episode of the disease and tend to become chronic with no satisfactory treatment from antipsychotic drugs. Because of their early manifestation in patients’ lives, cognitive deficits are suggested to be the primary symptom of schizophrenia. The pathogenesis of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia is not fully understood. They are linked with hypofrontality, which is a decrease in blood flow and glucose metabolism in the prefrontal lobe of schizophrenia-suffering patients. Hypofrontality is linked with disturbances of the corticolimbothalamic circuit, important for cognition and memory in humans. The circuit consists of a group of neuroanatomic structures and hypothetically any disturbance in them may result in cognitive deficits. We present a translational preclinical model of understanding how antipsychotic medication may decrease the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors’ activity and produce dysfunctions in the corticolimbothalamic circuit and hypofrontality. From several pharmacological experiments on rats, including mainly our own recent findings, we collected data that suggest that antipsychotic medication may maintain and escalate hypofrontality in schizophrenia, decreasing NMDA receptor activity in the corticolimbothalamic circuit in the human brain. We discuss our findings within the literature of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Krzystanek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine in Katowice, Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
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Stark T, Ruda-Kucerova J, Iannotti FA, D'Addario C, Di Marco R, Pekarik V, Drazanova E, Piscitelli F, Bari M, Babinska Z, Giurdanella G, Di Bartolomeo M, Salomone S, Sulcova A, Maccarrone M, Wotjak CT, Starcuk Z, Drago F, Mechoulam R, Di Marzo V, Micale V. Peripubertal cannabidiol treatment rescues behavioral and neurochemical abnormalities in the MAM model of schizophrenia. Neuropharmacology 2019; 146:212-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Daya RP, Bhandari J, Kooner SK, Ho J, Rowley CD, Bock NA, Farncombe T, Mishra RK. The Dopamine Allosteric Agent, PAOPA, Demonstrates Therapeutic Potential in the Phencyclidine NMDA Pre-clinical Rat Model of Schizophrenia. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 12:302. [PMID: 30618660 PMCID: PMC6299008 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PAOPA, a potent analog of prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide, has shown therapeutic potential at the preclinical stage for dopaminergic related illnesses, including animal models of schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease and haloperidol-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders. PAOPA’s unique allosteric mechanism and dopamine D2 receptor specificity provide a unique composition of properties for the development of potential therapeutics for neuropsychiatric illnesses. We sought to investigate PAOPA’s therapeutic prospects across the spectrum of schizophrenia-like symptoms represented in the established phencyclidine-induced rat model of schizophrenia, (5 mg/kg PCP twice daily for 7 days, followed by 7 days of drug withdrawal). PAOPA was assessed for its effect on brain metabolic activity and across a battery of behavioral tests including, hyperlocomotion, social withdrawal, sensorimotor gating, and novel object recognition. PAOPA showed therapeutic efficacy in behavioral paradigms representing the negative (social withdrawal) and cognitive-like (novel object recognition) symptoms of schizophrenia. Interestingly, some behavioral indices associated with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia that were ameliorated in PAOPA’s prior examination in the amphetamine-sensitized model of schizophrenia were not ameliorated in the PCP model; suggesting that the deficits induced by amphetamine and PCP—while phenotypically similar—are mechanistically different and that PAOPA’s effects are restricted to certain mechanisms and systems. These studies provide insight on the potential use of PAOPA for the safe and effective treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh P Daya
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jayant Bhandari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sharnpreet K Kooner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joella Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher D Rowley
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas A Bock
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Troy Farncombe
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ram K Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Rajagopal L, Huang M, Michael E, Kwon S, Meltzer HY. TPA-023 attenuates subchronic phencyclidine-induced declarative and reversal learning deficits via GABA A receptor agonist mechanism: possible therapeutic target for cognitive deficit in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2468-2477. [PMID: 30093697 PMCID: PMC6180114 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
GABAergic drugs are of interest for the treatment of anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, pain, cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS), and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Some evidence suggests that TPA-023, (7-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-(2-ethyl-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylmethoxy)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b] pyridazine), a GABAA α2,3 subtype-selective GABAA partial agonist and α1/5 antagonist, and the neurosteroid, pregnenolone sulfate, a GABAA antagonist, may improve CIAS in pilot clinical trials. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of TPA-023 in mice after acute or subchronic (sc) treatment with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, phencyclidine (PCP), on novel object recognition (NOR), reversal learning (RL), and locomotor activity (LMA) in rodents. Acute TPA-023 significantly reversed scPCP-induced NOR and RL deficits. Co-administration of sub-effective dose (SED) TPA-023 with SEDs of the atypical antipsychotic drug, lurasidone, significantly potentiated the effect of TPA-023 in reversing the scPCP-induced NOR deficit. Further, scTPA-023 co-administration significantly prevented scPCP-induced NOR deficit for 5 weeks. Also, administration of TPA-023 for 7 days following scPCP reversed the NOR deficit for 1 week. However, TPA-023 did not blunt acute PCP-induced hyperactivity, suggesting lack of efficacy as a treatment for psychosis. Systemic TPA-023 significantly blocked lurasidone-induced increases in cortical acetylcholine, dopamine, and glutamate without affecting increases in norepinephrine and with minimal effect on basal release of these neurotransmitters. TPA-023 significantly inhibited PCP-induced cortical and striatal dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and glutamate efflux. These results suggest that TPA-023 and other GABAA agonists may be of benefit to treat CIAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Rajagopal
- 0000 0001 2299 3507grid.16753.36Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Mei Huang
- 0000 0001 2299 3507grid.16753.36Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Eric Michael
- 0000 0001 2299 3507grid.16753.36Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Sunoh Kwon
- 0000 0001 2299 3507grid.16753.36Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Herbert Y. Meltzer
- 0000 0001 2299 3507grid.16753.36Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
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Cadinu D, Grayson B, Podda G, Harte MK, Doostdar N, Neill JC. NMDA receptor antagonist rodent models for cognition in schizophrenia and identification of novel drug treatments, an update. Neuropharmacology 2018; 142:41-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Reinwald JR, Becker R, Mallien AS, Falfan-Melgoza C, Sack M, Clemm von Hohenberg C, Braun U, Cosa Linan A, Gass N, Vasilescu AN, Tollens F, Lebhardt P, Pfeiffer N, Inta D, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Gass P, Sartorius A, Weber-Fahr W. Neural Mechanisms of Early-Life Social Stress as a Developmental Risk Factor for Severe Psychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:116-128. [PMID: 29397900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the domain-general risk factor of early-life social stress in mental illness, rearing rodents in persistent postweaning social isolation has been established as a widely used animal model with translational relevance for neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Although changes in resting-state brain connectivity are a transdiagnostic key finding in neurodevelopmental diseases, a characterization of imaging correlates elicited by early-life social stress is lacking. METHODS We performed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging of postweaning social isolation rats (N = 23) 9 weeks after isolation. Addressing well-established transdiagnostic connectivity changes of psychiatric disorders, we focused on altered frontal and posterior connectivity using a seed-based approach. Then, we examined changes in regional network architecture and global topology using graph theoretical analysis. RESULTS Seed-based analyses demonstrated reduced functional connectivity in frontal brain regions and increased functional connectivity in posterior brain regions of postweaning social isolation rats. Graph analyses revealed a shift of the regional architecture, characterized by loss of dominance of frontal regions and emergence of nonfrontal regions, correlating to our behavioral results, and a reduced modularity in isolation-reared rats. CONCLUSIONS Our result of functional connectivity alterations in the frontal brain supports previous investigations postulating social neural circuits, including prefrontal brain regions, as key pathways for risk for mental disorders arising through social stressors. We extend this knowledge by demonstrating more widespread changes of brain network organization elicited by early-life social stress, namely a shift of hubness and dysmodularity. Our results highly resemble core alterations in neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, autism, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Rochus Reinwald
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Robert Becker
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Stephanie Mallien
- Research Group Animal Models in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Falfan-Melgoza
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Sack
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Clemm von Hohenberg
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Urs Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Research Group Systems Neuroscience in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alejandro Cosa Linan
- Research Group In Silico Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Gass
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrei-Nicolae Vasilescu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Research Group Animal Models in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Tollens
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Lebhardt
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natascha Pfeiffer
- Research Group Animal Models in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dragos Inta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Research Group Animal Models in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Gass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Research Group Animal Models in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Sartorius
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weber-Fahr
- Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Pehrson AL, Pedersen CS, Tølbøl KS, Sanchez C. Vortioxetine Treatment Reverses Subchronic PCP Treatment-Induced Cognitive Impairments: A Potential Role for Serotonin Receptor-Mediated Regulation of GABA Neurotransmission. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:162. [PMID: 29559911 PMCID: PMC5845537 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with cognitive impairments that may contribute to poor functional outcomes. Clinical data suggests that the multimodal antidepressant vortioxetine attenuates some cognitive impairments in MDD patients, but the mechanistic basis for these improvements is unclear. One theory suggests that vortioxetine improves cognition by suppressing γ-amino butyric acid (GABA)ergic neurotransmission, thereby increasing glutamatergic activation. Vortioxetine’s effects on cognition, GABA and glutamate neurotransmission have been supported in separate experiments, but no empirical work has directly connected vortioxetine’s cognitive effects to those on GABA and glutamate neurotransmission. In this paper, we attempt to bridge this gap by evaluating vortioxetine’s effects in the subchronic PCP (subPCP) model, which induces impaired cognitive function and altered GABA and glutamate neurotransmission. We demonstrate that acute or subchronic vortioxetine treatment attenuated subPCP-induced deficits in attentional set shifting (AST) performance, and that the selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron or the 5-HT reuptake inhibitor escitalopram could mimic this effect. Furthermore, acute vortioxetine treatment reversed subPCP-induced object recognition (OR) deficits in rats, while subchronic vortioxetine reversed subPCP-induced Object Recognition and object placement impairments in mice. Finally, subPCP treatment reduced GABAB receptor expression in a manner that was insensitive to vortioxetine treatment, and subchronic vortioxetine treatment alone, but not in combination with subPCP, significantly increased GABA’s affinity for the GABAA receptor. These data suggest that vortioxetine reverses cognitive impairments in a model associated with altered GABA and glutamate neurotransmission, further supporting the hypothesis that vortioxetine’s GABAergic and glutamatergic effects are relevant for cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan L Pehrson
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, United States
| | | | | | - Connie Sanchez
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Increased gyrification in schizophrenia and non affective first episode of psychosis. Schizophr Res 2018; 193:269-275. [PMID: 28729037 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prefrontal cortex gyrification has been suggested to be altered in patients with schizophrenia and first episode psychosis. Therefore, it may represent a possible trait marker for these illnesses and an indirect evidence of a disrupted underlying connectivity. The aim of this study was to add further evidence to the existing literature on the role of prefrontal gyrification in psychosis by carrying out a study on a sizeable sample of chronic patients with schizophrenia and non-affective first-episode psychosis (FEP-NA) patients. METHODS Seventy-two patients with schizophrenia, 51 FEP-NA patients (12 who later develop schizophrenia) and 95 healthy controls (HC) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cortical folding was quantified using the automated gyrification index (GI). GI values were compared among groups and related to clinical variables. RESULTS Both FEP-NA and patients with schizophrenia showed a higher mean prefrontal GI compared to HC (all p<0.05). Interestingly, no differences have been observed between the two patients groups as well as between FEP-NA patients who did and did not develop schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the presence of a shared aberrant prefrontal GI in subjects with both schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis. These findings support the hypothesis that altered GI represents a neurodevelopmental trait marker for psychosis, which may be involved in the associated neurocognitive deficits.
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Pratt JA, Morris B, Dawson N. Deconstructing Schizophrenia: Advances in Preclinical Models for Biomarker Identification. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2018; 40:295-323. [PMID: 29721851 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2018_48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is considered to develop as a consequence of genetic and environmental factors impacting on brain neural systems and circuits during vulnerable neurodevelopmental periods, thereby resulting in symptoms in early adulthood. Understanding of the impact of schizophrenia risk factors on brain biology and behaviour can help in identifying biologically relevant pathways that are attractive for informing clinical studies and biomarker development. In this chapter, we emphasize the importance of adopting a reciprocal forward and reverse translation approach that is iteratively updated when additional new information is gained, either preclinically or clinically, for offering the greatest opportunity for discovering panels of biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of schizophrenia. Importantly, biomarkers for identifying those at risk may inform early intervention strategies prior to the development of schizophrenia.Given the emerging nature of this approach in the field, this review will highlight recent research of preclinical biomarkers in schizophrenia that show the most promise for informing clinical needs with an emphasis on relevant imaging, electrophysiological, cognitive behavioural and biochemical modalities. The implementation of this reciprocal translational approach is exemplified firstly by the production and characterization of preclinical models based on the glutamate hypofunction hypothesis, genetic and environmental risk factors for schizophrenia (reverse translation), and then the recent clinical recognition of the thalamic reticular thalamus (TRN) as an important locus of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia as informed by preclinical findings (forward translation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Pratt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Brian Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil Dawson
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Barnes SA, Young JW, Markou A, Adham N, Gyertyán I, Kiss B. The Effects of Cariprazine and Aripiprazole on PCP-Induced Deficits on Attention Assessed in the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1403-1414. [PMID: 29473089 PMCID: PMC5920008 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Attentional processing deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia, likely contributing to the persistent functional and occupational disability observed in patients with schizophrenia. The pathophysiology of schizophrenia is hypothesized to involve dysregulation of NMDA receptor-mediated glutamate transmission, contributing to disruptions in normal dopamine transmission. Preclinical investigations often use NMDA receptor antagonists, such as phencyclidine (PCP), to induce cognitive disruptions relevant to schizophrenia. We sought to test the ability of partial dopamine D2/D3 agonists, cariprazine and aripiprazole, to attenuate PCP-induced deficits in attentional performance. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to determine whether systemic administration of cariprazine or aripiprazole attenuated 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) deficits induced by repeated exposure to PCP. METHODS We utilized a repeated PCP-treatment regimen (2 mg/kg, subcutaneous [s.c.], once daily for 5 days) in rats to induce deficits in the 5-CSRTT. Rats were pre-treated with cariprazine (0.03, 0.1, or 0.3 mg/kg, oral [p.o.]) or aripiprazole (1, 3, or 10 mg/kg, p.o.) to determine whether they prevented PCP-induced deficits in the 5-CSRTT performance. RESULTS PCP treatment increased inappropriate responding in the 5-CSRTT, elevating incorrect, premature, and timeout responses. Cariprazine treatment reduced PCP-induced increases in inappropriate responding. However, at higher doses, cariprazine produced non-specific response suppression, confounding interpretation of the attenuated PCP-induced deficits. Aripiprazole treatment also attenuated PCP-induced deficits; however, unlike cariprazine treatment, aripiprazole reduced correct responding and increased omissions. CONCLUSIONS Cariprazine and aripiprazole both demonstrated potential in attenuating PCP-induced deficits in the 5-CSRTT performance. While both compounds produced non-specific response suppression, these effects were absent when 0.03 mg/kg cariprazine was administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Barnes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0603, Room BSB2202, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Jared W. Young
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0603, Room BSB2202, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Athina Markou
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0603, Room BSB2202, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | | | - István Gyertyán
- MTA-SE NAP B Cognitive Translational Behavioral Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary ,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, MTA, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Kiss
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
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Brain catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibition by tolcapone counteracts recognition memory deficits in normal and chronic phencyclidine-treated rats and in COMT-Val transgenic mice. Behav Pharmacol 2017; 27:415-21. [PMID: 26919286 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The critical involvement of dopamine in cognitive processes has been well established, suggesting that therapies targeting dopamine metabolism may alleviate cognitive dysfunction. Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) is a catecholamine-degrading enzyme, the substrates of which include dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. The present work illustrates the potential therapeutic efficacy of COMT inhibition in alleviating cognitive impairment. A brain-penetrant COMT inhibitor, tolcapone, was tested in normal and phencyclidine-treated rats and COMT-Val transgenic mice. In a novel object recognition procedure, tolcapone counteracted a 24-h-dependent forgetting of a familiar object as well as phencyclidine-induced recognition deficits in the rats at doses ranging from 7.5 to 30 mg/kg. In contrast, entacapone, a COMT inhibitor that does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier, failed to show efficacy at doses up to 30 mg/kg. Tolcapone at a dose of 30 mg/kg also improved novel object recognition performance in transgenic mice, which showed clear recognition deficits. Complementing earlier studies, our results indicate that central inhibition of COMT positively impacts recognition memory processes and might constitute an appealing treatment for cognitive dysfunction related to neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Howell CJ, Sceniak MP, Lang M, Krakowiecki W, Abouelsoud FE, Lad SU, Yu H, Katz DM. Activation of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Reverses Cognitive and Respiratory Symptoms in a Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome. eNeuro 2017; 4:ENEURO.0277-17.2017. [PMID: 29333487 PMCID: PMC5762598 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0277-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2; Amir et al., 1999), a transcriptional regulatory protein (Klose et al., 2005). Mouse models of RTT (Mecp2 mutants) exhibit excitatory hypoconnectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC; Sceniak et al., 2015), a region critical for functions that are abnormal in RTT patients, ranging from learning and memory to regulation of visceral homeostasis (Riga et al., 2014). The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that increasing the activity of mPFC pyramidal neurons in heterozygous female Mecp2 mutants (Hets) would ameliorate RTT-like symptoms, including deficits in respiratory control and long-term retrieval of auditory conditioned fear. Selective activation of mPFC pyramidal neurons in adult animals was achieved by bilateral infection with an AAV8 vector expressing excitatory hm3D(Gq) DREADD (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs) (Armbruster et al., 2007) under the control of the CamKIIa promoter. DREADD activation in Mecp2 Hets completely restored long-term retrieval of auditory conditioned fear, eliminated respiratory apneas, and reduced respiratory frequency variability to wild-type (Wt) levels. Reversal of respiratory symptoms following mPFC activation was associated with normalization of Fos protein levels, a marker of neuronal activity, in a subset of brainstem respiratory neurons. Thus, despite reduced levels of MeCP2 and severe neurological deficits, mPFC circuits in Het mice are sufficiently intact to generate normal behavioral output when pyramidal cell activity is increased. These findings highlight the contribution of mPFC hypofunction to the pathophysiology of RTT and raise the possibility that selective activation of cortical regions such as the mPFC could provide therapeutic benefit to RTT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C James Howell
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Michael P Sceniak
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Min Lang
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Wenceslas Krakowiecki
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Fatimah E Abouelsoud
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Saloni U Lad
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Heping Yu
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - David M Katz
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Kaczmarek LK, Zhang Y. Kv3 Channels: Enablers of Rapid Firing, Neurotransmitter Release, and Neuronal Endurance. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1431-1468. [PMID: 28904001 PMCID: PMC6151494 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00002.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic electrical characteristics of different types of neurons are shaped by the K+ channels they express. From among the more than 70 different K+ channel genes expressed in neurons, Kv3 family voltage-dependent K+ channels are uniquely associated with the ability of certain neurons to fire action potentials and to release neurotransmitter at high rates of up to 1,000 Hz. In general, the four Kv3 channels Kv3.1-Kv3.4 share the property of activating and deactivating rapidly at potentials more positive than other channels. Each Kv3 channel gene can generate multiple protein isoforms, which contribute to the high-frequency firing of neurons such as auditory brain stem neurons, fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons, and Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, and to regulation of neurotransmitter release at the terminals of many neurons. The different Kv3 channels have unique expression patterns and biophysical properties and are regulated in different ways by protein kinases. In this review, we cover the function, localization, and modulation of Kv3 channels and describe how levels and properties of the channels are altered by changes in ongoing neuronal activity. We also cover how the protein-protein interaction of these channels with other proteins affects neuronal functions, and how mutations or abnormal regulation of Kv3 channels are associated with neurological disorders such as ataxias, epilepsies, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard K Kaczmarek
- Departments of Pharmacology and of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Departments of Pharmacology and of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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D'Addario C, Micale V, Di Bartolomeo M, Stark T, Pucci M, Sulcova A, Palazzo M, Babinska Z, Cremaschi L, Drago F, Carlo Altamura A, Maccarrone M, Dell'Osso B. A preliminary study of endocannabinoid system regulation in psychosis: Distinct alterations of CNR1 promoter DNA methylation in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2017; 188:132-140. [PMID: 28108228 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Compelling evidence supports the involvement of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in psychosis vulnerability. We here evaluated the transcriptional regulation of ECS components in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from subjects suffering from bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia, focusing in particular on the effects of DNA methylation. We observed selective alterations of DNA methylation at the promoter of CNR1, the gene coding for the type-1 cannabinoid receptor, in schizophrenic patients (N=25) with no changes in any other disorder. We confirmed the regulation of CNR1 in a well-validated animal model of schizophrenia, induced by prenatal methylazoxymethanol (MAM) acetate exposure (N=7 per group) where we found, in the prefrontal cortex, a significant increase in CNR1 expression and a consistent reduction in DNA methylation at specific CpG sites of gene promoter. Overall, our findings suggest a selective dysregulation of ECS in psychosis, and highlight the evaluation of CNR1 DNA methylation levels in PBMCs as a potential biomarker for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio D'Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Vincenzo Micale
- CEITEC/Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Di Bartolomeo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Tibor Stark
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mariangela Pucci
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Mariacarlotta Palazzo
- Centro Sant'Ambrogio, Ordine Ospedaliero San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Cernusco sul Naviglio, Italy
| | - Zuzana Babinska
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Laura Cremaschi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Carlo Altamura
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Bipolar Disorders Clinic, Stanford University, CA, USA.
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A Novel Multisensory Integration Task Reveals Robust Deficits in Rodent Models of Schizophrenia: Converging Evidence for Remediation via Nicotinic Receptor Stimulation of Inhibitory Transmission in the Prefrontal Cortex. J Neurosci 2017; 36:12570-12585. [PMID: 27974613 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1628-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical multisensory integration is an understudied cognitive symptom in schizophrenia. Procedures to evaluate multisensory integration in rodent models are lacking. We developed a novel multisensory object oddity (MSO) task to assess multisensory integration in ketamine-treated rats, a well established model of schizophrenia. Ketamine-treated rats displayed a selective MSO task impairment with tactile-visual and olfactory-visual sensory combinations, whereas basic unisensory perception was unaffected. Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) administration of nicotine or ABT-418, an α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, normalized MSO task performance in ketamine-treated rats and this effect was blocked by GABAA receptor antagonism. GABAergic currents were also decreased in OFC of ketamine-treated rats and were normalized by activation of α4β2 nAChRs. Furthermore, parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactivity was decreased in the OFC of ketamine-treated rats. Accordingly, silencing of PV interneurons in OFC of PV-Cre mice using DREADDs (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs) selectively impaired MSO task performance and this was reversed by ABT-418. Likewise, clozapine-N-oxide-induced inhibition of PV interneurons in brain slices was reversed by activation of α4β2 nAChRs. These findings strongly imply a role for prefrontal GABAergic transmission in the integration of multisensory object features, a cognitive process with relevance to schizophrenia. Accordingly, nAChR agonism, which improves various facets of cognition in schizophrenia, reversed the severe MSO task impairment in this study and appears to do so via a GABAergic mechanism. Interactions between GABAergic and nAChR receptor systems warrant further investigation for potential therapeutic applications. The novel behavioral procedure introduced in the current study is acutely sensitive to schizophrenia-relevant cognitive impairment and should prove highly valuable for such research. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Adaptive behaviors are driven by integration of information from different sensory modalities. Multisensory integration is disrupted in patients with schizophrenia, but little is known about the neural basis of this cognitive symptom. Development and validation of multisensory integration tasks for animal models is essential given the strong link between functional outcome and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. We present a novel multisensory object oddity procedure that detects selective multisensory integration deficits in a rat model of schizophrenia using various combinations of sensory modalities. Moreover, converging data are consistent with a nicotinic-GABAergic mechanism of multisensory integration in the prefrontal cortex, results with strong clinical relevance to the study of cognitive impairment and treatment in schizophrenia.
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Yang C, Zhang T, Li Z, Heeramun-Aubeeluck A, Liu N, Huang N, Zhang J, He L, Li H, Tang Y, Chen F, Wang J, Lu Z. Changes in event-related potentials in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and their siblings. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:20. [PMID: 28095817 PMCID: PMC5240372 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the characteristics of event-related potentials induced by facial emotion recognition in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and in their siblings. METHODS In this case-control study, 30 first-episode schizophrenia patients, 26 siblings, and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. They completed facial emotion recognition tasks from the Ekman Standard Faces Database as an induction for evoked potentials. Evoked potential data were obtained using a 64-channel electroencephalography system. Average evoked potential waveforms were computed from epochs for each stimulus type. The amplitudes and latency of the event-related potentials for P100 (positive potential 100 ms after stimulus onset), N170 (negative potential 170 ms after stimulus onset), and N250 (fronto-central peak) were investigated at O1, O2, P7, and P8 electrode locations. RESULTS There were significant differences between the groups for P100 amplitude (F = 11.526, P < 0.001), electrode position (F = 450.592, P < 0.001), emotion (disgust vs. happiness vs. fear) (F = 1722.467, P < 0.001), and emotion intensity (low vs. moderate vs. high) (F = 1737.169, P < 0.001). Post hoc analysis showed significantly larger amplitudes in the schizophrenia group at the O1, O2, P7, and P8 electrode positions. There were no significant differences between the siblings of schizophrenia patients and the healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Patients with schizophrenia showed abnormalities in P100 amplitude, but similar results were not observed in their siblings. These results provide evidence of dysfunctional event-related potential patterns underlying facial emotion processing in patients with schizophrenia. P100 may be a characteristic index of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqing Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Anisha Heeramun-Aubeeluck
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xin Cun Road, Shanghai, 200065 China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Nan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Leiying He
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Fazhan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xin Cun Road, Shanghai, 200065 China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Zheng Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xin Cun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China.
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Tran TV, Shin EJ, Ko SK, Nam Y, Chung YH, Jeong JH, Jang CG, Nah SY, Yamada K, Nabeshima T, Byun JK, Kim HC. Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng Attenuates Phencyclidine-Induced Abnormal Behaviors in Mice by Positive Modulation of Glutathione in the Prefrontal Cortex of Mice. J Med Food 2016; 19:961-969. [PMID: 27668757 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Escalating evidence indicates that ginseng treatment protects against psychotoxic behaviors and memory impairment. Although the underlying mechanism of schizophrenia remains elusive, recent investigations proposed that downregulation of glutathione (GSH) can be involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Since little is known about the effects of ginseng in a schizophrenia-like animal model, we selected mountain-cultivated ginseng (MG) from a variety of ginseng extracts to investigate the effect of ginseng on the psychosis induced by phencyclidine (PCP) in mice. PCP (10 mg/kg/day, s.c.) was administered for 14 consecutive days. Novel object recognition, forced swimming, and social interaction tests were performed during the withdrawal period of 7 days. In addition, behavioral sensitization to an acute challenge of PCP was evaluated. The parameters of the GSH-dependent system in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were examined. MG (200 mg/kg, i.p./day) or antipsychotic clozapine (10 mg/kg, p.o./day) was administered for seven consecutive days after the final PCP treatment. PCP significantly produced abnormal behaviors, followed by increases in Nrf2 nuclear translocation, its DNA binding activity, and glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) mRNA expression in the PFC. PCP treatment significantly decreased GSH/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. MG significantly attenuated abnormal behaviors and the decreases in GSH/GSSG ratio and GPx activity induced by PCP. MG attenuated the increases in Nrf2 activity and GCL expression caused by PCP. The protective potentials of MG were comparable to those of clozapine. MG ameliorates PCP-induced schizophrenia-like psychosis in mice through the positive modulation of the glutathione system.
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Affiliation(s)
- The-Vinh Tran
- 1 Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University , Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- 1 Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University , Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kwon Ko
- 2 Department of Oriental Medical Food & Nutrition, Semyung University , Jecheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsung Nam
- 1 Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University , Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Chung
- 3 Department of Anatomy, Chung-Ang University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- 4 Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- 5 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- 6 Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- 7 Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- 8 Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences , Toyoake, Japan
| | - Jae Kyung Byun
- 9 Headquarters of Forestry Support, Korea Forestry Promotion Institute , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- 1 Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University , Chunchon, Republic of Korea
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Hasan A, Wobrock T, Palm U, Strube W, Padberg F, Falkai P, Fallgatter A, Plewnia C. [Non-invasive brain stimulation for treatment of schizophrenic psychoses]. DER NERVENARZT 2016; 86:1481-91. [PMID: 26341690 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-015-4323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite many different available pharmacological and psychosocial treatment options, an optimal control of symptoms is only partly possible for most schizophrenia patients. Especially, persistent auditory hallucinations, negative symptoms and cognitive impairment are difficult to treat symptoms. Several non-invasive brain stimulation techniques are increasingly being considered as new therapeutic add on options for the management of schizophrenia, targeting these symptom domains. The technique which has been available for the longest time and that is best established in clinical care is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). New stimulation techniques, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) allow a more pathophysiological-based approach. This review article introduces various non-invasive brain stimulation techniques and discusses recent treatment studies on schizophrenia. In total, the novel brain stimulation techniques discussed here can be considered relevant add on therapeutic approaches for schizophrenia. In this context, the best evidence is available for the application of rTMS for the treatment of negative symptoms and persistent auditory hallucinations; however, negative studies have also been published for both indications. Studies using other non-invasive brain stimulation techniques showed promising results but further research is needed to establish the clinical efficacy. Based on a growing pathophysiological knowledge, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques provide new treatment perspectives for patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hasan
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, München, Deutschland.
| | - T Wobrock
- Zentrum für seelische Gesundheit, Kreiskliniken Darmstadt-Dieburg, Darmstadt-Dieburg, Deutschland.,Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - U Palm
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, München, Deutschland
| | - W Strube
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, München, Deutschland
| | - F Padberg
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, München, Deutschland
| | - P Falkai
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, München, Deutschland
| | - A Fallgatter
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - C Plewnia
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
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The selective 5-HT 6 receptor antagonist SLV has putative cognitive- and social interaction enhancing properties in rodent models of cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 133:100-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Fachim HA, Srisawat U, Dalton CF, Harte MK, Marsh S, Neill JC, Reynolds GP. Subchronic administration of phencyclidine produces hypermethylation in the parvalbumin gene promoter in rat brain. Epigenomics 2016; 8:1179-83. [PMID: 27529801 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM A deficit in parvalbumin neurons is found in schizophrenia and several animal models of the disease. In this preliminary study, we determined whether one such model, phencyclidine (PCP) administration, results in changes in DNA methylation in the rat Pvalb promoter. MATERIALS & METHODS DNA from hippocampus and prefrontal cortex from rats, which 6 weeks previously received either 2 mg/kg PCP or vehicle for 7 days, underwent bisulphite pyrosequencing to determine methylation. RESULTS PCP administration induced significantly greater methylation at one of two Pvalb CpG sites in both prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, while no significant difference was found in long interspersed nucleotide element-1, a global measure of DNA methylation. CONCLUSION Subchronic PCP administration results in a specific hypermethylation in the Pvalb promoter which may contribute to parvalbumin deficits in this animal model of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene A Fachim
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Umarat Srisawat
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Caroline F Dalton
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Michael K Harte
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Samuel Marsh
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Joanna C Neill
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Gavin P Reynolds
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
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Umeda K, Iritani S, Fujishiro H, Sekiguchi H, Torii Y, Habuchi C, Kuroda K, Kaibuchi K, Ozaki N. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the GABAergic neuronal system in the prefrontal cortex of a DISC1 knockout mouse model of schizophrenia. Synapse 2016; 70:508-518. [PMID: 27421906 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of schizophrenia remains unknown. However, using molecular biological techniques, some candidate genes have been identified that might be associated with the disease. One of these candidate genes, disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), was found in a large Scottish family with multiple mental illnesses. The function of DISC1 is considered to be associated with axon elongation and neuron migration in the central nervous system, but the functional consequences of defects in this gene have not been fully clarified in brain neuronal systems. Dysfunction of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neuronal system is also considered to contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Thus, to clarify the neuropathological changes associated with DISC1 dysfunction, we investigated the number and distribution of GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex of DISC1 knockout mice. We immunohistochemically quantified the laminar density of GABAergic neurons using anti-parvalbumin and anti-calbindin D28k antibodies (markers of GABAergic neuronal subpopulations). We found that the densities of both parvalbumin- and calbindin-immunoreactive neurons in the anterior cingulate, medial prefrontal, and orbitofrontal cortices were markedly lower in DISC1 knockout mice than in wild-type mice. In addition, reductions in cell density were observed in layers II and III and the deep layers of the cortex. This reduction in GABAergic neuronal density was not associated with alterations in neuronal size. These findings suggest that disrupted GABAergic neuronal network formation due to a DISC1 deficit might be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Umeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shuji Iritani
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Hiroshige Fujishiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sekiguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Youta Torii
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Chikako Habuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kuroda
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
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Chemogenetic approach to model hypofrontality. Med Hypotheses 2016; 93:113-6. [PMID: 27372868 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is hypofunctional in disorders including schizophrenia, drug addiction, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In schizophrenia, hypofrontality has been further suggested to cause both the negative and cognitive symptoms, and overactivity of dopamine neurons that project to subcortical areas. The latter may contribute to the development of positive symptoms of the disorder. Nevertheless, what causes hypofrontality and how it alters dopamine transmission in subcortical structures remain unclear due, in part, to the difficulty in modeling hypofrontality using previous techniques (e.g. PFC lesioning, focal cooling, repeated treatment with psychotomimetic drugs). We propose that the use of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) chemogenetic technique will allow precise interrogations of PFC functions. Combined with electrophysiological recordings, we can investigate the effects of PFC hypofunction on activity of dopamine neurons. Importantly, from a drug target discovery perspective, the use of DREADDs will enable us to examine whether chemogenetically enhancing PFC activity will reverse the behavioral abnormalities associated with PFC hypofunction and dopamine neuron overactivity, and also explore druggable targets for the treatment of schizophrenia and other disorders associated with abnormalities via modulation of the G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. In conclusion, the use of the DREADDs technique has several advantages over other previously employed strategies to simulate PFC hypofunction not only in terms of disease modeling but also from the viewpoint of drug target discovery.
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Effects of antipsychotics on insight in schizophrenia: results from independent samples of first-episode and acutely relapsed patients. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2016; 31:185-91. [PMID: 26836264 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether antipsychotics differentially impact insight and whether these effects appear because of improvement in psychopathological manifestation in 132 first-episode schizophrenia patients and 201 acutely relapsed schizophrenic patients, who were followed up for 12 weeks. Olanzapine and risperidone were administered to first-episode schizophrenia patients, whereas acutely relapsed schizophrenic patients were treated with olanzapine, perazine and ziprasidone. The Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess psychopathology. Insight was assessed using the G12 item of PANSS. Unadjusted mixed-model regression analysis indicated a significant improvement in the PANSS G12 item score in both groups. There were no significant differences between distinct treatment subgroups of patients in terms of improvement in the PANSS G12 item score. After adjustment for the trajectories of changes in symptom dimensions, a decrease in the PANSS G12 item score was because of an improvement in positive, negative and excitement symptoms. A decrease in the PANSS G12 item score was also related to an increase in the severity of depressive symptomatology. Our results indicate that antipsychotics exert similar effects on insight in acute psychosis. These effects are likely because of an improvement in psychopathological manifestation. The improvement in insight might be related to the development of depressive symptoms.
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Catecholaminergic neuronal network dysfunction in the frontal lobe of a genetic mouse model of schizophrenia. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2016; 28:117-23. [PMID: 26333915 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2015.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise aetiology of schizophrenia remains unclear. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia has been proposed based on the accumulation of genomic or neuroimaging studies. OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined the catecholaminergic neuronal networks in the frontal cortices of disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) knockout (KO) mice, which are considered to be a useful model of schizophrenia. METHODS Six DISC1 homozygous KO mice and six age-matched littermates were used. The animals' brains were cut into 20-μm-thick slices, which were then immunohistochemically stained using an anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) monoclonal antibody. RESULTS The TH-immunopositive fibres detected in the orbitofrontal cortices of the DISC1 KO mice were significantly shorter than those seen in the wild-type mice. CONCLUSION These neuropathological findings indicate that the hypofrontal symptoms of schizophrenia are associated with higher mental function deficiencies or cognitive dysfunction such as a loss of working memory.
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Abstract
Despite a lack of recent progress in the treatment of schizophrenia, our understanding of its genetic and environmental causes has considerably improved, and their relationship to aberrant patterns of neurodevelopment has become clearer. This raises the possibility that 'disease-modifying' strategies could alter the course to - and of - this debilitating disorder, rather than simply alleviating symptoms. A promising window for course-altering intervention is around the time of the first episode of psychosis, especially in young people at risk of transition to schizophrenia. Indeed, studies performed in both individuals at risk of developing schizophrenia and rodent models for schizophrenia suggest that pre-diagnostic pharmacotherapy and psychosocial or cognitive-behavioural interventions can delay or moderate the emergence of psychosis. Of particular interest are 'hybrid' strategies that both relieve presenting symptoms and reduce the risk of transition to schizophrenia or another psychiatric disorder. This Review aims to provide a broad-based consideration of the challenges and opportunities inherent in efforts to alter the course of schizophrenia.
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Janhunen SK, Svärd H, Talpos J, Kumar G, Steckler T, Plath N, Lerdrup L, Ruby T, Haman M, Wyler R, Ballard TM. The subchronic phencyclidine rat model: relevance for the assessment of novel therapeutics for cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:4059-83. [PMID: 26070547 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Current treatments for schizophrenia have modest, if any, efficacy on cognitive dysfunction, creating a need for novel therapies. Their development requires predictive animal models. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) hypothesis of schizophrenia indicates the use of NMDA antagonists, like subchronic phencyclidine (scPCP) to model cognitive dysfunction in adult animals. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess the scPCP model by (1) reviewing published findings of scPCP-induced neurochemical changes and effects on cognitive tasks in adult rats and (2) comparing findings from a multi-site study to determine scPCP effects on standard and touchscreen cognitive tasks. METHODS Across four research sites, the effects of scPCP (typically 5 mg/kg twice daily for 7 days, followed by at least 7-day washout) in adult male Lister Hooded rats were studied on novel object recognition (NOR) with 1-h delay, acquisition and reversal learning in Morris water maze and touchscreen-based visual discrimination. RESULTS Literature findings showed that scPCP impaired attentional set-shifting (ASST) and NOR in several labs and induced a variety of neurochemical changes across different labs. In the multi-site study, scPCP impaired NOR, but not acquisition or reversal learning in touchscreen or water maze. Yet, this treatment regimen induced locomotor hypersensitivity to acute PCP until 13-week post-cessation. CONCLUSIONS The multi-site study confirmed that scPCP impaired NOR and ASST only and demonstrated the reproducibility and usefulness of the touchscreen approach. Our recommendation, prior to testing novel therapeutics in the scPCP model, is to be aware that further work is required to understand the neurochemical changes and specificity of the cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna K Janhunen
- CNS Research, Research and Development, Orion Pharma, Orion Corporation, Tengstrominkatu 8, P.O. Box 425, 20101, Turku, Finland.
| | - Heta Svärd
- CNS Research, Research and Development, Orion Pharma, Orion Corporation, Tengstrominkatu 8, P.O. Box 425, 20101, Turku, Finland
| | - John Talpos
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Thomas Steckler
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Niels Plath
- Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark
| | - Linda Lerdrup
- Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark
| | - Trine Ruby
- Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark
| | - Marie Haman
- Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roger Wyler
- Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Theresa M Ballard
- Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
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Troudet R, Detrait E, Hanon E, Lamberty Y. Optimization and pharmacological validation of a set-shifting procedure for assessing executive function in rats. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 268:182-8. [PMID: 26296285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Set-shifting tests represent a reliable paradigm to assess executive functions in humans and animals. In the rat, set-shifting in a cross-maze is a recognized method. In this test, rats must learn an egocentric rule to locate food reinforcement. Once acquired, a second rule, based on visual-cue strategy, allows the location of the food. Ability of rats to shift from the first to the second rule is considered to reflect cognitive flexibility. NEW METHOD This study aimed at optimizing the most currently used set-shifting protocol in a cross-maze for standardized drug testing by modulating the parameters related to caloric restriction, reward preference, and by redefining the notion of turn bias and classification of errors sub-types, i.e. perseverative vs. regressive. The new protocol has then been used to assess rats treated by sub-chronic phencyclidine administration and investigate the potential reversal effect of tolcapone, a brain penetrant catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitor. RESULTS The new procedure resulted in a decreased total duration and a re-definition of turn bias and error subtypes. Despite preferences for sweet rewards, caloric restriction had to be maintained to motivate animals. Overall, sub-chronic PCP-treated rats made mostly perseverative errors compared to controls and required more trials to shift between the two rules. Tolcapone partly reversed impairments observed in PCP-treated rats. CONCLUSION The new protocol has improved the reliability of key parameters and has contributed to the decrease of the test duration. PCP-treated rats submitted to this protocol have been shown to have significant deficits that could be reversed by tolcapone.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Troudet
- UCB Biopharma, Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, B-1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - E Detrait
- UCB Biopharma, Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, B-1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - E Hanon
- UCB Biopharma, Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, B-1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Y Lamberty
- UCB Biopharma, Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, B-1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium.
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Martin MV, Mirnics K, Nisenbaum LK, Vawter MP. Olanzapine Reversed Brain Gene Expression Changes Induced by Phencyclidine Treatment in Non-Human Primates. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2015; 1:82-93. [PMID: 26405684 DOI: 10.1159/000430786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The NMDA receptor antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) creates schizophrenia-like symptoms in normal controls. The effect of PCP on non-human primate brain gene expression was examined and compared to changes induced by olanzapine treatment. Experimental studies of PCP and antipsychotic drugs have direct relevance to understanding the patho-physiology and treatment of schizophrenia. Genome-wide changes in prefrontal cortex gene expression revealed alterations of 146 transcripts in the PCP treatment group compared to vehicle controls. Dysregulated genes were enriched in identified classes implicated in neurological and genetic disorders, including schizophrenia genes from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium 108 loci as well as cell death in PCP-treated primates. Canonical pathway analysis revealed a significant overrepresentation of several groups including synaptic long-term potentiation and calcium signaling. Olanzapine coadministered with PCP normalized 34% of the 146 PCP-induced probe set expression changes, and a network of 17 olanzapine-normalized genes was identified enriched in schizophrenia candidate genes containing RGS4, SYN1 and AKT as nodes. The results of this study support the use of PCP administration in non-human primates as a glutamatergic model of schizophrenia and suggest that a large number of PCP-induced expression differences can be reversed by olanzapine. The results of this study may be informative for identification of potential candidates for pharmacogenetics and biomarker research related to the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen V Martin
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, Calif
| | - Karoly Mirnics
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Laura K Nisenbaum
- Neuroscience Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Ind., USA
| | - Marquis P Vawter
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, Calif
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Cordeiro C, de Vries M, Ngabi W, Oomen P, Cremers T, Westerink B. In vivo continuous and simultaneous monitoring of brain energy substrates with a multiplex amperometric enzyme-based biosensor device. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 67:677-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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