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Caldeira IDS, Giovanini G, Adorno LF, Fernandes D, Ramos CR, Cruz-Visalaya SR, Pacheco-Otalora LF, Siqueira FRD, Nunes VA, Belizário JE, Garay-Malpartida HM. Antiapoptotic and Prometastatic Roles of Cytokine FAM3B in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2024:S1526-8209(24)00173-3. [PMID: 38997857 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer. FAM3B, a secreted protein, has been extensively studied in various types of tumors. However, its function in breast cancer remains poorly understood. METHODS We analyzed FAM3B expression data from breast cancer patients available at TCGA database and overall survival was analyzed by using the Kaplan-Meier plotter. MDA-MB-231 TNBC tumor cell line and hormone-responsive MCF-7 cell lines were transfected to overexpress FAM3B. We assessed cell death, tumorigenicity, and invasiveness in vitro through MTT analysis, flow cytometry assays, anchorage-independent tumor growth, and wound healing assays, respectively. We performed in vivo evaluation by tumor xenograft in nude mice. RESULTS In silico analysis revealed that FAM3B expression was lower in all breast tumors. However, TNBC patients with high FAM3B expression had a poor prognosis. FAM3B overexpression protected MDA-MB-231 cells from cell death, with increased expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and reduced caspase-3 activity. MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing FAM3B also exhibited increased tumorigenicity and migration rates in vitro, displaying increased tumor growth and reduced survival rates in xenotransplanted nude mice. This phenotype is accompanied by the upregulation of EMT-related genes Slug, Snail, TGFBR2, vimentin, N-cadherin, MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14. However, these effects were not observed in the MCF-7 cells overexpressing FAM3B. CONCLUSION FAM3B overexpression contributes to tumor growth, promotion of metastasis, and, consequently, leads to a poor prognosis in the most aggressive forms of breast cancer. Future clinical research is necessary to validate FAM3B as both a diagnostic and a therapeutic strategy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Daniel Sardinha Caldeira
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, CEP 03828000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Giovanini
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, CEP 01246-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lissandra Ferreira Adorno
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, CEP 03828000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Fernandes
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, CEP 03828000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso Romero Ramos
- Laboratório de Esquistossomose Experimental. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360, Rio de Janerio, Brasil
| | | | | | - Flavia Ramos de Siqueira
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, CEP 03828000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane Abreu Nunes
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, CEP 03828000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Ernesto Belizário
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, CEP 03828000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Humberto Miguel Garay-Malpartida
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, CEP 03828000, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Hui San S, Ching Ngai S. E-cadherin re-expression: Its potential in combating TRAIL resistance and reversing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Gene 2024; 909:148293. [PMID: 38373660 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The major limitation of conventional chemotherapy drugs is their lack of specificity for cancer cells. As a selective apoptosis-inducing agent, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has emerged as an attractive alternative. However, most of the cancer cells are found to be either intrinsically resistant to the TRAIL protein or may develop resistance after multiple treatments, and TRAIL resistance can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) at a later stage, promoting cancer invasion and migration. Interestingly, E-cadherin loss has been linked to TRAIL resistance and initiation of EMT, making E-cadherin re-expression a potential target to overcome these obstacles. Recent research suggests that re-expressing E-cadherin may reduce TRAIL resistance by enhancing TRAIL-induced apoptosis and preventing EMT by modulating EMT signalling factors. This reversal of EMT, can also aid in improving TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Therefore, this review provides remarkable insights into the mechanisms underlying E-cadherin re-expression, clinical implications, and potentiation, as well as the research gaps of E-cadherin re-expression in the current cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ser Hui San
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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3
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Wang L, Liang Z, Guo Y, Habimana JDD, Ren Y, Amissah OB, Mukama O, Peng S, Ding X, Lv L, Li J, Chen M, Liu Z, Huang R, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li Z, Sun Y. STING agonist diABZI enhances the cytotoxicity of T cell towards cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:265. [PMID: 38615022 PMCID: PMC11016101 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Antigen-specific T cell receptor-engineered T cell (TCR-T) based immunotherapy has proven to be an effective method to combat cancer. In recent years, cross-talk between the innate and adaptive immune systems may be requisite to optimize sustained antigen-specific immunity, and the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a promising therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. The level of expression or presentation of antigen in tumor cells affects the recognition and killing of tumor cells by TCR-T. This study aimed at investigating the potential of innate immune stimulation of T cells and engineered T cells to enhance immunotherapy for low-expression antigen cancer cells. We systematically investigated the function and mechanism of cross-talk between STING agonist diABZI and adaptive immune systems. We established NY-ESO-1 full knockout Mel526 cells for this research and found that diABZI activated STING media and TCR signaling pathways. In addition, the results of flow cytometry showed that antigens presentation from cancer cells induced by STING agonist diABZI also improved the affinity of TCR-T cells function against tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Our findings revealed that diABZI enhanced the immunotherapy efficacy of TCR-T by activating STING media and TCR signaling pathways, improving interferon-γ expression, and increasing antigens presentation of tumor cells. This indicates that STING agonist could be used as a strategy to promote TCR-T cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Zhaoduan Liang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health GuangDong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Yunzhuo Guo
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jean de Dieu Habimana
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yuefei Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Obed Boadi Amissah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Omar Mukama
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, 3900, Rwanda
| | - Siqi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuanyan Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Linshuang Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Junyi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Min Chen
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Rongqi Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yinchao Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- GZMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Yirong Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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Buva K, Kumbhar GM, Deshmukh A, Ladke VS. The assessment of the mechanism of action of lauric acid in the context of oral cancer through integrative approach combining network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 21:101-112. [PMID: 38353231 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2023-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lauric acid has been investigated for its effects on various human cancer cell types, although limited research has been dedicated to its impact on oral cancer. In light of this, the objective of our study was to comprehensively assess the anticancer properties of lauric acid specifically in the context of oral cancer. This evaluation was achieved through an in-silico approach, leveraging network analysis techniques. By employing this methodology, we aimed to gain valuable insights into the potential therapeutic benefits of lauric acid for treating oral cancer. METHODS The in-silico analysis involved determination of drug-likeness prediction, prediction of common targets between oral cancer and LA, protein-protein interactions (PPI), hub genes, top 10 associated pathways by gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, molecular docking experiments. RESULTS Our study pinpointed 23 common genes involved in critical cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis regulation, PI3K AKT cascade, and cell cycle control. Among them, CXCL8, MMP9, PPARA, MAPK1, and AR stood out in the top 10 pathways, particularly in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This highlights the potential role of lauric acid in oral cancer treatment through the PI3K/AKT pathway and calls for further exploration of this mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights lauric acid's promising anticancer properties through computational analysis, offering a foundation for future research in cancer treatment development. This approach combines molecular insights with in-silico methods, paving the way for identifying therapeutic compounds and understanding their mechanisms. Lauric acid holds potential as a chemotherapeutic agent, opening up new avenues for cancer therapy exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Buva
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bharti Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be University, Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Gauri M Kumbhar
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | | | - Vaibhav Sunil Ladke
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
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Varghese E, Samuel SM, Brockmueller A, Shakibaei M, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. B7-H3 at the crossroads between tumor plasticity and colorectal cancer progression: a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:115-133. [PMID: 37768439 PMCID: PMC11016009 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
B7-H3 (B7 homology 3 protein) is an important transmembrane immunoregulatory protein expressed in immune cells, antigen-presenting cells, and tumor cells. Studies reveal a multifaceted role of B7-H3 in tumor progression by modulating various cancer hallmarks involving angiogenesis, immune evasion, and tumor microenvironment, and it is also a promising candidate for cancer immunotherapy. In colorectal cancer (CRC), B7-H3 has been associated with various aspects of disease progression, such as evasion of tumor immune surveillance, tumor-node metastasis, and poor prognosis. Strategies to block or interfere with B7-H3 in its immunological and non-immunological functions are under investigation. In this study, we explore the role of B7-H3 in tumor plasticity, emphasizing tumor glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cells, apoptosis, and changing immune signatures in the tumor immune landscape. We discuss how B7-H3-induced tumor plasticity contributes to immune evasion, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Furthermore, we delve into the most recent advancements in targeting B7-H3-based tumor immunotherapy as a potential approach to CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aranka Brockmueller
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
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Dou Z, Lei H, Su W, Zhang T, Chen X, Yu B, Zhen X, Si J, Sun C, Zhang H, Di C. Modification of BCLX pre-mRNA splicing has antitumor efficacy alone or in combination with radiotherapy in human glioblastoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:160. [PMID: 38383492 PMCID: PMC10881996 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulation of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic protein isoforms arising from aberrant splicing is a crucial hallmark of cancers and may contribute to therapeutic resistance. Thus, targeting RNA splicing to redirect isoform expression of apoptosis-related genes could lead to promising anti-cancer phenotypes. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of malignant brain tumor in adults. In this study, through RT-PCR and Western Blot analysis, we found that BCLX pre-mRNA is aberrantly spliced in GBM cells with a favored splicing of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL. Modulation of BCLX pre-mRNA splicing using splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) efficiently elevated the pro-apoptotic isoform Bcl-xS at the expense of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL. Induction of Bcl-xS by SSOs activated apoptosis and autophagy in GBM cells. In addition, we found that ionizing radiation could also modulate the alternative splicing of BCLX. In contrast to heavy (carbon) ion irradiation, low energy X-ray radiation-induced an increased ratio of Bcl-xL/Bcl-xS. Inhibiting Bcl-xL through splicing regulation can significantly enhance the radiation sensitivity of 2D and 3D GBM cells. These results suggested that manipulation of BCLX pre-mRNA alternative splicing by splice-switching oligonucleotides is a novel approach to inhibit glioblastoma tumorigenesis alone or in combination with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Dou
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Huiwen Lei
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Wei Su
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Taotao Zhang
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Boyi Yu
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhen
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Jing Si
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516029, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516029, China.
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Cuixia Di
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516029, China.
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
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7
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Wu L, Bai C, Huang K, Yao L, Zhang Z, Ye L, Liu R, Ge X, Xu M, Zhao Y, Cao Q. Epithelial CRL4 DCAF2 Is Critical for Maintaining Intestinal Homeostasis Against DSS-Induced Colitis by Regulating the Proliferation and Repair of Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:66-80. [PMID: 37968554 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is currently gaining an increasing global interest. Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction is crucial toward developing IBD; however, the underlying mechanisms are not yet elucidated. This study is aimed at elucidating the function of CRL4DCAF2, an E3 ligase, toward mediating intestinal homeostasis. METHODS Colon samples were collected from patients with IBD and healthy individuals to examine the expression of CRL4DCAF2. CRL4DCAF2 conditional knockdown in mouse intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) (DCAF2EKD) were constructed. DCAF2EKD and their littermate control (DCAF2EWT) were treated with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce acute colitis. Transcriptome analysis was performed on inflamed colon samples obtained from the mice. Cell cycle regulators were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while tight junction and apoptosis proteins were examined via immunofluorescence and western blot. RESULTS CRL4DCAF2 expression was significantly decreased in the inflamed IBD epithelium, and low expression of CRL4DCAF2 associated with high recurrence risk. Mice with DCAF2 specific knockout in IECs suffer from embryonic death. Multiple genes involved in cell proliferation, immune response, and gap junction were differentially expressed in inflamed colon from DCAF2EKD compared with DCAF2EWT. Furthermore, conditional downregulation of CRL4DCAF2 in the intestinal epithelium induced primarily epithelial damage, increased intestinal permeability, and diminished tight junction protein expression. In vivo and in vitro cell transfection experiments revealed that CRL4DCAF2 enhanced cell proliferation by promoting p21 ubiquitination and degradation, thereby inhibiting G2/M cell cycle. In addition, CRL4DCAF2 can also inhibit IEC apoptosis and promote cell autophagy. CONCLUSIONS CRL4DCAF2 downregulation in IECs promotes intestinal barrier dysfunction and inhibits IEC proliferation, thus making it more susceptible to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaohui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Lexi Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenhao Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaituo Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingya Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingna Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongbei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolong Ge
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Mengque Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China.
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8
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AbouAitah K, Hassan HA, Ammar NM, Abou Baker DH, Higazy IM, Shaker OG, Elsayed AAA, Hassan AME. Novel delivery system with a dual–trigger release of savory essential oil by mesoporous silica nanospheres and its possible targets in leukemia cancer cells: in vitro study. Cancer Nanotechnol 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-022-00152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Essential oils (EOs) are complex structures and possess several pharmacological effects. Nanomedicine offers a solution for their major limitations, including poor solubility, volatility, and non–controlled release, preventing their clinical use.
Methods
Here, we developed a novel delivery system by nanoformulations that were prepared by impregnating savory essential oil (SA) into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). The nanoformulations were characterized and examined for their anticancer activities on cancer cells (HepG2 liver and HL60 leukemia cells) and MRC5 normal cells. We further tested the mechanisms of action and possible molecular targets against HL60 cells.
Results
The results demonstrated that SA was governed by nanoformulations under the dual–trigger release of pH/glutathione, and it typically fit the Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetic model. The nanoformulations enhanced the anticancer effect against HepG2 cells and HL60 cells compared to SA but were less cytotoxic to MRC5 normal cells and regulated various molecular pathways of apoptosis. Most importantly, new results were obtained on the genetic regulation principle through the high inhibition of long noncoding RNAs (HOTAIR, HULC, CCAT1, and H19) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP–2 and MMP–9), providing a novel leukemia target.
Conclusions
These results suggest potential impacts for nanoformulations composed of SA with a sustained release pattern controlled by dual–trigger release of pH/GSH that enhanced anticancer cells. This approach may offer a new route for using EOs as new targets for cancers and open the door for deep preclinical investigations.
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9
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Cho E, Mun SJ, Jeon M, Kim HK, Baek H, Ham YS, Gil WJ, Kim JW, Yang CS. Tumor-targeted liposomes with platycodin D2 promote apoptosis in colorectal cancer. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100745. [PMID: 37576871 PMCID: PMC10415802 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), though efficacious, is discouraging due to its limited targeting capability, lack of selectivity, and chemotherapy-associated side effects. With the advent of nanomedicines, a liposomal delivery system making use of a combination of anticancer phytochemicals is fast gaining popularity as one of the most promising nanoplatforms for CRC treatment. Rising evidence supports phytochemicals such as platycosides for their anticancer potency. To this end, a combination therapy including tumor-targeted liposomes along with phytochemicals might have a greater therapeutic potential against cancer. In this study, we developed acidity-triggered rational membrane (ATRAM) along with conjugated platycodin D2 (PCD2) and liposomes (PCD2-Lipo-ATRAM) as a tumor-targeting therapy. The PCD2-Lipo-ATRAM treatment demonstrated a successful tumor-targeting ability in the CRC xenografts, in which PCD2 not only exerted a potent antitumor effect by inducing apoptotic cell death and but also functioned as a liposome membrane stabilizer. Moreover, PCD2-Lipo-ATRAM suppressed antiapoptotic BCL-2 family proteins, resulting in enhanced cytotoxicity toward CRC cells by inducing intrinsic caspase-9/-3 mediated apoptosis. Thus, our data has shown that tumor-targeting PCD2-based liposomal systems represent a promising strategy for CRC therapy, since they directly target the tumors, unlike other therapies that can miss the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euni Cho
- Department of Bionano Engineering Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04673, South Korea
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
| | - Seok-Jun Mun
- Department of Bionano Engineering Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04673, South Korea
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
| | - Minha Jeon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Hyo Keun Kim
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
| | - Hwira Baek
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Yu Seong Ham
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
| | - Woo Jin Gil
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
| | - Jin Woong Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Chul-Su Yang
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
- Department of Medicinal and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
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10
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Saleh N, Mahmoud HE, Eltaher H, Helmy M, El-Khordagui L, Hussein AA. Prodigiosin-Functionalized Probiotic Ghosts as a Bioinspired Combination Against Colorectal Cancer Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1271-1286. [PMID: 36030493 PMCID: PMC10491537 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus acidophilus ghosts (LAGs) with the unique safety of a probiotic, inherent tropism for colon cells, and multiple bioactivities offer promise as drug carriers for colon targeting. Our objective was to evaluate LAGs functionalized with prodigiosin (PG), apoptotic secondary bacterial metabolite, as a bioinspired formulation against colorectal cancer (CRC). LAGs were prepared by a chemical method and highly purified by density gradient centrifugation. LAGs were characterized by microscopic and staining techniques as relatively small-sized uniform vesicles (≈1.6 µm), nearly devoid of cytoplasmic and genetic materials and having a negatively charged intact envelope. PG was highly bound to LAGs envelope, generating a physiologically stable bioactive entity (PG-LAGs), as verified by multiple microscopic techniques and lack of PG release under physiological conditions. PG-LAGs were active against HCT116 CRC cells at both the cellular and molecular levels. Cell viability data highlighted the cytotoxicity of PG and LAGs and LAGs-induced enhancement of PG selectivity for HCT116 cells, anticipating dose reduction for PG and LAGs. Molecularly, expression of the apoptotic caspase 3 and P53 biomarkers in HCT116 intracellular proteins was significantly upregulated while that of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) was downregulated by PG-LAGs relative to PG and 5-fluorouracil. PG-LAGs provide a novel bacteria-based combination for anticancer biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nessrin Saleh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda E Mahmoud
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda Eltaher
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies Division, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Maged Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Labiba El-Khordagui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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11
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Liu C, Ding X, Li G, Zhang Y, Shao Y, Liu L, Zhang W, Ma Y, Guan W, Wang L, Xu Z, Chang Y, Zhang Y, Jiang B, Yin Q, Tao R. Targeting Bcl-xL is a potential therapeutic strategy for extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma. iScience 2023; 26:107369. [PMID: 37539026 PMCID: PMC10393801 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) is an aggressive lymphoid malignancy with a poor prognosis and lacks standard treatment. Targeted therapies are urgently needed. Here we systematically investigated the druggable mechanisms through chemogenomic screening and identified that Bcl-xL-specific BH3 mimetics effectively induced ENKTL cell apoptosis. Notably, the specific accumulation of Bcl-xL, but not other Bcl-2 family members, was verified in ENKTL cell lines and patient tissues. Furthermore, Bcl-xL high expression was shown to be closely associated with worse patient survival. The critical role of Bcl-xL in ENKTL cell survival was demonstrated utilizing selective inhibitors, genetic silencing, and a specific degrader. Additionally, the IL2-JAK1/3-STAT5 signaling was implicated in Bcl-xL dysregulation. In vivo, Bcl-xL inhibition reduced tumor burden, increased apoptosis, and prolonged survival in ENKTL cell line xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models. Our study indicates Bcl-xL as a promising therapeutic target for ENKTL, warranting monitoring in ongoing clinical trials by targeting Bcl-xL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxu Liu
- Department of Lymphoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinyu Ding
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Gaoyang Li
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Youping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yubao Shao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Linyi Liu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenbin Guan
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhongli Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - YungTing Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qianqian Yin
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Rong Tao
- Department of Lymphoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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12
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Vitale I, Pietrocola F, Guilbaud E, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Agostini M, Agostinis P, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Amelio I, Andrews DW, Aqeilan RI, Arama E, Baehrecke EH, Balachandran S, Bano D, Barlev NA, Bartek J, Bazan NG, Becker C, Bernassola F, Bertrand MJM, Bianchi ME, Blagosklonny MV, Blander JM, Blandino G, Blomgren K, Borner C, Bortner CD, Bove P, Boya P, Brenner C, Broz P, Brunner T, Damgaard RB, Calin GA, Campanella M, Candi E, Carbone M, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Cecconi F, Chan FKM, Chen GQ, Chen Q, Chen YH, Cheng EH, Chipuk JE, Cidlowski JA, Ciechanover A, Ciliberto G, Conrad M, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Czabotar PE, D'Angiolella V, Daugaard M, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, De Maria R, De Strooper B, Debatin KM, Deberardinis RJ, Degterev A, Del Sal G, Deshmukh M, Di Virgilio F, Diederich M, Dixon SJ, Dynlacht BD, El-Deiry WS, Elrod JW, Engeland K, Fimia GM, Galassi C, Ganini C, Garcia-Saez AJ, Garg AD, Garrido C, Gavathiotis E, Gerlic M, Ghosh S, Green DR, Greene LA, Gronemeyer H, Häcker G, Hajnóczky G, Hardwick JM, Haupt Y, He S, Heery DM, Hengartner MO, Hetz C, Hildeman DA, Ichijo H, Inoue S, Jäättelä M, Janic A, Joseph B, Jost PJ, Kanneganti TD, Karin M, Kashkar H, Kaufmann T, Kelly GL, Kepp O, Kimchi A, Kitsis RN, Klionsky DJ, Kluck R, Krysko DV, Kulms D, Kumar S, Lavandero S, Lavrik IN, Lemasters JJ, Liccardi G, Linkermann A, Lipton SA, Lockshin RA, López-Otín C, Luedde T, MacFarlane M, Madeo F, Malorni W, Manic G, Mantovani R, Marchi S, Marine JC, Martin SJ, Martinou JC, Mastroberardino PG, Medema JP, Mehlen P, Meier P, Melino G, Melino S, Miao EA, Moll UM, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Murphy DJ, Niklison-Chirou MV, Novelli F, Núñez G, Oberst A, Ofengeim D, Opferman JT, Oren M, Pagano M, Panaretakis T, Pasparakis M, Penninger JM, Pentimalli F, Pereira DM, Pervaiz S, Peter ME, Pinton P, Porta G, Prehn JHM, Puthalakath H, Rabinovich GA, Rajalingam K, Ravichandran KS, Rehm M, Ricci JE, Rizzuto R, Robinson N, Rodrigues CMP, Rotblat B, Rothlin CV, Rubinsztein DC, Rudel T, Rufini A, Ryan KM, Sarosiek KA, Sawa A, Sayan E, Schroder K, Scorrano L, Sesti F, Shao F, Shi Y, Sica GS, Silke J, Simon HU, Sistigu A, Stephanou A, Stockwell BR, Strapazzon F, Strasser A, Sun L, Sun E, Sun Q, Szabadkai G, Tait SWG, Tang D, Tavernarakis N, Troy CM, Turk B, Urbano N, Vandenabeele P, Vanden Berghe T, Vander Heiden MG, Vanderluit JL, Verkhratsky A, Villunger A, von Karstedt S, Voss AK, Vousden KH, Vucic D, Vuri D, Wagner EF, Walczak H, Wallach D, Wang R, Wang Y, Weber A, Wood W, Yamazaki T, Yang HT, Zakeri Z, Zawacka-Pankau JE, Zhang L, Zhang H, Zhivotovsky B, Zhou W, Piacentini M, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Apoptotic cell death in disease-Current understanding of the NCCD 2023. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1097-1154. [PMID: 37100955 PMCID: PMC10130819 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01153-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) that involves proteases of the caspase family. Pharmacological and genetic strategies that experimentally inhibit or delay apoptosis in mammalian systems have elucidated the key contribution of this process not only to (post-)embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis, but also to the etiology of multiple human disorders. Consistent with this notion, while defects in the molecular machinery for apoptotic cell death impair organismal development and promote oncogenesis, the unwarranted activation of apoptosis promotes cell loss and tissue damage in the context of various neurological, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, infectious, neoplastic and inflammatory conditions. Here, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) gathered to critically summarize an abundant pre-clinical literature mechanistically linking the core apoptotic apparatus to organismal homeostasis in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilio Vitale
- IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO -IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Federico Pietrocola
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emma Guilbaud
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stuart A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - John M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institut für Immunologie, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emad S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- BIOGEM, Avellino, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Division of Systems Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - David W Andrews
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Lautenberg Center for Immunology & Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Arama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Siddharth Balachandran
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniele Bano
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Department of Biomedicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Mathieu J M Bertrand
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy and Ospedale San Raffaele IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - J Magarian Blander
- Department of Medicine, Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Medical Faculty, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carl D Bortner
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pierluigi Bove
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Patricia Boya
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catherine Brenner
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects métaboliques et systémiques de l'oncogénèse pour de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques, Villejuif, France
| | - Petr Broz
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rune Busk Damgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
- UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Carbone
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francis K-M Chan
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- State Key Lab of Oncogene and its related gene, Ren-Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Youhai H Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerry E Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- The Technion-Integrated Cancer Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Munich, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Institute for Cell Engineering and the Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Institute for Cell Engineering and the Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Centre for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ralph J Deberardinis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexei Degterev
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park-Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Mohanish Deshmukh
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Marc Diederich
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University and the Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt Engeland
- Molecular Oncology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Galassi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Dermopatic Institute of Immaculate (IDI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ana J Garcia-Saez
- CECAD, Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM, UMR, 1231, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Anti-cancer Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Motti Gerlic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler school of Medicine, Tel Aviv university, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Neurology and Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lloyd A Greene
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hinrich Gronemeyer
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Georg Häcker
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Marie Hardwick
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Pharmacology, Oncology and Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ygal Haupt
- VITTAIL Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sudan He
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - David M Heery
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - David A Hildeman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Janic
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp J Jost
- Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Michael Karin
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- CECAD Research Center, Institute for Molecular Immunology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Adi Kimchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ruth Kluck
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Lab, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dagmar Kulms
- Department of Dermatology, Experimental Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad Medicina, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Inna N Lavrik
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - John J Lemasters
- Departments of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Gianmaria Liccardi
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard A Lockshin
- Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
- St. John's University, Jamaica, NY, USA
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Malorni
- Center for Global Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gwenola Manic
- IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO -IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Roberto Mantovani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jean-Claude Martinou
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pier G Mastroberardino
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- IFOM-ETS The AIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer, and Development Laboratory, Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Melino
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ute M Moll
- Department of Pathology and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Daniel J Murphy
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Flavia Novelli
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dimitry Ofengeim
- Rare and Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph T Opferman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michele Pagano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theocharis Panaretakis
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of GU Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, NUHS, Singapore, Singapore
- ISEP, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus E Peter
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Center of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hamsa Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Cell Clearance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jean-Ehrland Ricci
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Nirmal Robinson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cecilia M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Barak Rotblat
- Department of Life sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The NIBN, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Carla V Rothlin
- Department of Immunobiology and Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Microbiology Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- University of Leicester, Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kristopher A Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Lab of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutics Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Johns Hopkins Schizophrenia Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emre Sayan
- Faculty of Medicine, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Sesti
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yufang Shi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Giuseppe S Sica
- Department of Surgical Science, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Flavie Strapazzon
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyogène CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Erwei Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Carol M Troy
- Departments of Pathology & Cell Biology and Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nicoletta Urbano
- Department of Oncohaematology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Methusalem Program, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- The Research Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Vienna, Austria
- The Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia von Karstedt
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne K Voss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Domagoj Vucic
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Vuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Henning Walczak
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Wallach
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Achim Weber
- University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Will Wood
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zahra Zakeri
- Queens College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Joanna E Zawacka-Pankau
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biophysics and p53 protein biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haibing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Wenzhao Zhou
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Yang Y, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Liu K, Lu C. 5-Fluorouracil Suppresses Colon Tumor through Activating the p53-Fas Pathway to Sensitize Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to FasL + Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1563. [PMID: 36900354 PMCID: PMC10001142 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelosuppression is a major adverse effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy. However, recent findings indicate that 5-FU selectively suppresses myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), to enhance antitumor immunity in tumor-bearing mice. 5-FU-mediated myelosuppression may thus have a beneficial effect for cancer patients. The molecular mechanism underlying 5-FU's suppression of MDSCs is currently unknown. We aimed at testing the hypothesis that 5-FU suppresses MDSCs through enhancing MDSC sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis. We observed that, although FasL is highly expressed in T cells, Fas is weakly expressed in myeloid cells in human colon carcinoma, indicating that downregulation of Fas is a mechanism underlying myeloid cell survival and accumulation in human colon cancer. 5-FU treatment upregulated expression of both p53 and Fas, and knocking down p53 diminished 5-FU-induced Fas expression in MDSC-like cells, in vitro. 5-FU treatment also increased MDSC-like cell sensitivity to FasL-induced apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, we determined that 5-FU therapy increased expression of Fas on MDSCs, suppressed MDSC accumulation, and increased CTL tumor infiltration in colon tumor-bearing mice. In human colorectal cancer patients, 5-FU chemotherapy decreased MDSC accumulation and increased CTL level. Our findings determine that 5-FU chemotherapy activates the p53-Fas pathway, to suppress MDSC accumulation, to increase CTL tumor infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingqing Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Yongdan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Chunwan Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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14
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Kishani Farahani R, Soleimanpour S, Golmohammadi M, Soleimanpour-lichaei HR. PIWIL2 Regulates the Proliferation, Apoptosis and Colony Formation of Colorectal Cancer Cell Line. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 21:e3176. [PMID: 36811102 PMCID: PMC9938935 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2022.307054.3176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Tumor cells proliferation and apoptosis inhibition are the mechanisms through which the Colorectal Cancer (CRC) progression, metastasis and chemoresistance are promoted pathologically, offering clinical advantages for characterizing their molecular regulators. Objectives In this study, to unravel the role of PIWIL2 as a potential CRC oncogenic regulator, we examined the effect of its overexpression on proliferation, apoptosis and colony formation of SW480 colon cancer cell line. Material and Methods Established SW480-P (overexpression of PIWIL2) and SW480-control (SW480-empty vector) cell lines were cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS with 1% penicillin-streptomycin. The total DNA and RNA was extracted for further experiments. Real-Time PCR and western blotting assay were performed to measure the differential expression of proliferation associated genes including the expression of cell cycle and anti-apoptotic genes as well as Ki-67 and PIWIL2 in both cell lines. Cell proliferation was determined using MTT assay, doubling time assay and the colony formation rate of transfected cells was measured with the 2D colony formation assay. Results At the molecular level, PIWIL2 overexpression was associated with significant up-regulation of cyclin D1, STAT3, BCL2-L1, BCL2-L2 and Ki-67 genes. MTT and doubling time assay showed that PIWIL2 expression induced time-related effects on proliferation rate of SW480 cells. Moreover, SW480-P cells had markedly greater capacity to form colonies. Conclusions PIWIL2 plays important roles to promote cancer cell proliferation and colonization via the cell cycle acceleration and inhibition of apoptosis, the mechanisms through which this gene seems to contribute to CRC development, metastasis and chemoresistance, hence potentially highlighting PIWIL2 targeted therapy as a valuable tool for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kishani Farahani
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Hamid Reza Soleimanpour-lichaei
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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15
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AbouAitah K, Soliman AAF, Swiderska-Sroda A, Nassrallah A, Smalc-Koziorowska J, Gierlotka S, Lojkowski W. Co-Delivery System of Curcumin and Colchicine Using Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Promotes Anticancer and Apoptosis Effects. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122770. [PMID: 36559264 PMCID: PMC9785757 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Many natural agents have a high anticancer potential, and their combination may be advantageous for improved anticancer effects. Such agents, however, often are not water soluble and do not efficiently target cancer cells, and the kinetics of their action is poorly controlled. One way to overcome these barriers is to combine natural agents with nanoparticles. Our aim in the current study was to fabricate an anticancer nanoformulation for co-delivery of two natural agents, curcumin (CR) and colchicine (CL), with a core-shell structure. Using cancer cell lines, we compared the anticancer efficacy between the combination and a nanoformulation with CL alone. Methods: For the single-drug nanoformulation, we used phosphonate groups to functionalize mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and loaded the MSNs with CL. Additional loading of this nanoformulation with CR achieved the co-delivery format. To create the structure with a core shell, we selected a chitosan−cellulose mixture conjugated with targeting ligands of folic acid for the coating. For evaluating anticancer and apoptosis effects, we assessed changes in important genes and proteins in apoptosis (p53, caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2) in several cell lines (MCF-7, breast adenocarcinoma; HCT-116, colon carcinoma; HOS, human osteosarcoma; and A-549, non−small cell lung cancer). Results: Nanoformulations were successfully synthesized and contained 10.9 wt.% for the CL single-delivery version and 18.1 wt.% for the CL+CR co-delivery nanoformulation. Anticancer effects depended on treatment, cell line, and concentration. Co-delivery nanoformulations exerted anticancer effects that were significantly superior to those of single delivery or free CL or CR. Anticancer effects by cell line were in the order of HCT-116 > A549 > HOS > MCF-7. The lowest IC50 value was obtained for the nanoformulation consisting of CL and CR coated with a polymeric shell conjugated with FA (equivalent to 4.1 ± 0.05 µg/mL). With dual delivery compared with the free agents, we detected strongly increased p53, caspase-3, and Bax expression, but inhibition of Bcl-2, suggesting promotion of apoptosis. Conclusions: Our findings, although preliminary, indicate that the proposed dual delivery nanoformulation consisting of nanocore: MSNs loaded with CL and CR and coated with a shell of chitosan−cellulose conjugated folic acid exerted strong anticancer and apoptotic effects with potent antitumor activity against HCT-116 colon cells. The effect bested CL alone. Evaluating and confirming the efficacy of co-delivery nanoformulations will require in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled AbouAitah
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Behouth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence: (K.A.); (W.L.); Tel.: +20-233371635 (K.A.); +48-22-888-0429 or +48-22-632-4302 (W.L.); Fax: +20-233371010 (K.A.); +48-22-632-4218 (W.L.)
| | - Ahmed A. F. Soliman
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Behouth St, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Anna Swiderska-Sroda
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Nanomedicine, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amr Nassrallah
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Julita Smalc-Koziorowska
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Characterization, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Gierlotka
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Nanomedicine, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Lojkowski
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Nanomedicine, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.A.); (W.L.); Tel.: +20-233371635 (K.A.); +48-22-888-0429 or +48-22-632-4302 (W.L.); Fax: +20-233371010 (K.A.); +48-22-632-4218 (W.L.)
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16
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Hoffmeister-Wittmann P, Mock A, Nichetti F, Korell F, Heilig CE, Scherr AL, Günther M, Albrecht T, Kelmendi E, Xu K, Nader L, Kessler A, Schmitt N, Fritzsche S, Weiler S, Sobol B, Stenzinger A, Boeck S, Westphalen CB, Schulze-Osthoff K, Trojan J, Kindler T, Weichert W, Spiekermann K, Bitzer M, Folprecht G, Illert AL, Boerries M, Klauschen F, Ochsenreither S, Siveke J, Bauer S, Glimm H, Brors B, Hüllein J, Hübschmann D, Uhrig S, Horak P, Kreutzfeldt S, Banales JM, Springfeld C, Jäger D, Schirmacher P, Roessler S, Ormanns S, Goeppert B, Fröhling S, Köhler BC. Bcl-x L as prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target in cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Int 2022; 42:2855-2870. [PMID: 35983950 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA, pCCA, dCCA) are highly malignant tumours with increasing mortality rates due to therapy resistances. Among the mechanisms mediating resistance, overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL , Mcl-1) is particularly important. In this study, we investigated whether antiapoptotic protein patterns are prognostically relevant and potential therapeutic targets in CCA. Bcl-2 proteins were analysed in a pan-cancer cohort from the NCT/DKFZ/DKTK MASTER registry trial (n = 1140, CCA n = 72) via RNA-sequencing and transcriptome-based protein activity interference revealing high ranks of CCA for Bcl-xL and Mcl-1. Expression of Bcl-xL , Mcl-1, and Bcl-2 was assessed in human CCA tissue and cell lines compared with cholangiocytes by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and quantitative-RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the upregulation of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 in iCCA tissues. Cell death of CCA cell lines upon treatment with specific small molecule inhibitors of Bcl-xL (Wehi-539), of Mcl-1 (S63845), and Bcl-2 (ABT-199), either alone, in combination with each other or together with chemotherapeutics was assessed by flow cytometry. Targeting Bcl-xL induced cell death and augmented the effect of chemotherapy in CCA cells. Combined inhibition of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 led to a synergistic increase in cell death in CCA cell lines. Correlation between Bcl-2 protein expression and survival was analysed within three independent patient cohorts from cancer centers in Germany comprising 656 CCA cases indicating a prognostic value of Bcl-xL in CCA depending on the CCA subtype. Collectively, these observations identify Bcl-xL as a key protein in cell death resistance of CCA and may pave the way for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Hoffmeister-Wittmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Mock
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Federico Nichetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Computational Oncology Group, Molecular Precision Oncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Korell
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph E Heilig
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Scherr
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Günther
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Albrecht
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eblina Kelmendi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kaiyu Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luisa Nader
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika Kessler
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Schmitt
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Fritzsche
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sofia Weiler
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Sobol
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Boeck
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph B Westphalen
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Schulze-Osthoff
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Trojan
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Kindler
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany.,University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Technichal University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karsten Spiekermann
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Bitzer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Folprecht
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna L Illert
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frederick Klauschen
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ochsenreither
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCCC), Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of hematology, medical oncology and tumor immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Siveke
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany.,Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK Partner Site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bauer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department for Translational Oncology, West German Tumor Center (WTZ), Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Hanno Glimm
- Translational Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department for Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany: Germany Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, Germany.,Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center für Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Computational Oncology Group, Molecular Precision Oncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Hüllein
- Computational Oncology Group, Molecular Precision Oncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hübschmann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany.,Computational Oncology Group, Molecular Precision Oncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Uhrig
- Computational Oncology Group, Molecular Precision Oncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Horak
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Ikerbasque, Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), San Sebastian, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Christoph Springfeld
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jäger
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Ormanns
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Goeppert
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, RKH Klinikum Ludwigsburg, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno C Köhler
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and Partner Sites, Heidelberg, Germany.,Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Kumar A, Singh AK, Singh H, Thareja S, Kumar P. Regulation of thymidylate synthase: an approach to overcome 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:3. [PMID: 36308643 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Thymidylate synthase is the rate-limiting enzyme required for DNA synthesis and overexpression of this enzyme causes resistance to cancer cells. Long treatments with 5-FU cause resistance to Thymidylate synthase targeting drugs. We have also compiled different mechanisms of drug resistance including autophagy and apoptosis, drug detoxification and ABC transporters, drug efflux, signaling pathways (AKT/PI3K, RAS-MAPK, WNT/β catenin, mTOR, NFKB, and Notch1 and FOXM1) and different genes associated with resistance in colorectal cancer. We can overcome 5-FU resistance in cancer cells by regulating thymidylate synthase by natural products (Coptidis rhizoma), HDAC inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, Folate antagonists, and several other drugs which have been used in combination with TS inhibitors. This review is a compilation of different approaches reported for the regulation of thymidylate synthase to overcome resistance in colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Harshwardhan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India.
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18
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Irfan M, Javed Z, Khan K, Khan N, Docea AO, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J, Cho WC. Apoptosis evasion via long non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:280. [PMID: 36076273 PMCID: PMC9461221 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) is a novel and diverse class of regulatory transcripts that are frequently dysregulated in numerous tumor types. LncRNAs are involved in a complicated molecular network, regulating gene expression, and modulating diverse cellular activities in different cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). Evidence indicates that lncRNAs can be used as a potential biomarker for the prognosis and diagnosis of CRC as they are aberrantly expressed in CRC cells. The high expression or silencing of lncRNAs is associated with cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, chemoresistance and apoptosis in CRC. LncRNAs exert both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic functions in CRC. The expression of some oncogene lncRNAs is upregulated which leads to the inhibition of apoptotic pathways, similarly, the tumor suppressor lncRNAs are downregulated in CRC. In this review, we describe the function and mechanisms of lncRNAs to regulate the expression of genes that are involved directly or indirectly in controlling cellular apoptosis in CRC. Furthermore, we also discussed the different apoptotic pathways in normal cells and the mechanisms by which CRC evade apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Javed
- Office for Research Innovation and Commercialization, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khushbukhat Khan
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naila Khan
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | | | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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19
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Ren X, Zhang Q, Guo W, Wang L, Wu T, Zhang W, Liu M, Kong D. Cell-cycle and apoptosis related and proteomics-based signaling pathways of human hepatoma Huh-7 cells treated by three currently used multi-RTK inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:944893. [PMID: 36071844 PMCID: PMC9444053 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.944893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib, lenvatinib and regorafenib, the multi-RTK inhibitors with potent anti-angiogenesis effects, are currently therapeutic drugs generally recommended for the patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To date, however, there have been no published studies on the mechanism underling differential effects of the three drugs on HCC cell proliferation, and the proteomic analysis in HCC cell lines treated by regorafenib or lenvatinib. The present study for the first time performed a direct comparison of the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction in the Huh-7 cells caused by sorafenib, regorafenib and lenvatinib at respective IC50 using flow cytometry technique, as well as their pharmacological interventions for influencing whole cell proteomics using tandem mass tag-based peptide-labeling coupled with the nLC-HRMS technique. Sorafenib, regorafenib and lenvatinib at respective IC50 drove the remaining surviving Huh-7 cells into a G0/G1 arrest, but lenvatinib and regorafenib were much more effective than sorafenib. Lenvatinib produced a much stronger induction of Huh-7 cells into early apoptosis than sorafenib and regorafenib, while necrotic cell proportion induced by regorafenib was 2.4 times as large as that by lenvatinib. The proteomic study revealed 419 proteins downregulated commonly by the three drugs at respective IC50. KEGG pathway analysis of the downregulated proteins indicated the ranking of top six signaling pathways including the spliceosome, DNA replication, cell cycle, mRNA surveillance, P53 and nucleotide excision repair involved in 33 proteins, all of which were directly related to their pharmacological effects on cell cycle and cell apoptosis. Notably, lenvatinib and regorafenib downregulated the proteins of PCNA, Cyclin B1, BCL-xL, TSP1, BUD31, SF3A1 and Mad2 much more strongly than sorafenib. Moreover, most of the proteins in the P53 signaling pathway were downregulated with lenvatinib and regorafenib by more than 36% at least. In conclusion, lenvatinib and regorafenib have much stronger potency against Huh-7 cell proliferation than sorafenib because of their more potent effects on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. The underling mechanism may be at least due to the 33 downregulated proteins centralizing the signal pathways of cell cycle, p53 and DNA synthesis based on the present proteomics study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Ren
- Department of Radiotherapy, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenyan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Liu, ; Dezhi Kong,
| | - Dezhi Kong
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Liu, ; Dezhi Kong,
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20
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The Expression Pattern of Bcl-2 and Bax in the Tumor and Stromal Cells in Colorectal Carcinoma. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58081135. [PMID: 36013602 PMCID: PMC9416041 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The epithelial and stromal tissues both play a role in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to assess the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic Bax in the epithelium as well as the lamina propria of normal colonic controls, low-grade tumor samples and high-grade tumor samples. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 samples consisting of both normal colonic and carcinoma samples was collected from the Department of Pathology, Cytology and Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Center, Split from January 2020 to December 2021. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax markers was semi-quantitatively and quantitatively evaluated by recording immunofluorescence stain intensity and by counting stained cells in the lamina propria and epithelium. Analysis of positive cells was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: In all samples, Bcl-2 was significantly more expressed in the lamina propria when compared with the epithelium. Bax was significantly more expressed in the epithelium of normal and low-grade cancer samples when compared with their respective laminae propriae. The percentage of Bcl-2-positive cells in lamina propria is about two times lower in high-grade CRC and about three times lower in low-grade CRC in comparison with healthy controls. Contrary to this, the percentage of Bax-positive cells was greater in the epithelium of low-grade CRC in comparison with healthy control and high-grade CRC. Conclusions: Our study provides a new insight into Bcl-2 and Bax expression pattern in CRC. Evaluation of Bcl-2 expression in the lamina propria and Bax expression in the epithelium could provide important information for colorectal cancer prognosis as well as potential treatment strategies.
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21
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Lopez A, Reyna DE, Gitego N, Kopp F, Zhou H, Miranda-Roman MA, Nordstrøm LU, Narayanagari SR, Chi P, Vilar E, Tsirigos A, Gavathiotis E. Co-targeting of BAX and BCL-XL proteins broadly overcomes resistance to apoptosis in cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1199. [PMID: 35256598 PMCID: PMC8901805 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the BCL-2 family interaction network ensures cancer resistance to apoptosis and is a major challenge to current treatments. Cancer cells commonly evade apoptosis through upregulation of the BCL-2 anti-apoptotic proteins; however, more resistant cancers also downregulate or inactivate pro-apoptotic proteins to suppress apoptosis. Here, we find that apoptosis resistance in a diverse panel of solid and hematological malignancies is mediated by both overexpression of BCL-XL and an unprimed apoptotic state, limiting direct and indirect activation mechanisms of pro-apoptotic BAX. Both survival mechanisms can be overcome by the combination of an orally bioavailable BAX activator, BTSA1.2 with Navitoclax. The combination demonstrates synergistic efficacy in apoptosis-resistant cancer cells, xenografts, and patient-derived tumors while sparing healthy tissues. Additionally, functional assays and genomic markers are identified to predict sensitive tumors to the combination treatment. These findings advance the understanding of apoptosis resistance mechanisms and demonstrate a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Deregulation of the BCL-2 family interactions ensures cancer resistance to apoptosis and is a major challenge to current treatments. Here the authors describe a novel therapeutic strategy to overcome two anti-apoptotic mechanisms for cancer therapy.
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Yu Z, Guo J, Meng T, Ge L, Liu L, Wang H, Yang X. Bcl-xL DNAzymes promote radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity in colorectal cancer cells via enhancing apoptosis. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:13. [PMID: 35123593 PMCID: PMC8817578 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00553-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RNA-cleaving deoxyribozymes (DNAzymes) are catalytic deoxyribonucleic acid molecules that have become a promising new class of gene suppressors by binding and cleaving target mRNA. This study investigated whether DNAzymes targeting Bcl-xL enhanced the effectiveness of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Methods Two types of CRC cells, SW480 and SW837, were transfected with five DNAzymes. Cell viability, Bcl-xL expression and apoptosis were examined. SW480 xenograft model was used to examine the combined effects of Bcl-xL DNAzymes and 5-FU (or X-rays) on tumor growth. Results Three Bcl-xL DNAzymes, DT882, DT883, and DT884 were identified to be effective in suppressing Bcl-xL expression and causing cell apoptosis. Furthermore, DT882 combined with 5-FU or radiotherapy addictively promoted cell apoptosis and significantly inhibited the growth of SW480 xenografts in vivo. Conclusions These results suggest that Bcl-xL DNAzymes can enhance the radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity in CRC cells via inducing apoptosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40360-022-00553-x.
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O’Connell E, Reynolds IS, Lindner AU, Salvucci M, O’Grady T, Bacon O, Cho S, McDonough E, Longley D, Ginty F, McNamara DA, Burke JP, Prehn JHM. Apoptotic and Necroptotic Mediators are Differentially Expressed in Mucinous and Non-Mucinous Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:815001. [PMID: 35912268 PMCID: PMC9334008 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.815001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mucinous colorectal cancer (CRC) represents 10% of all CRC and is associated with chemotherapy resistance. This study aimed to determine expression of apoptosis and necroptosis mediators in mucinous CRC. Methods RNA gene expression data were extracted from TCGA. Protein levels in 14 mucinous and 39 non-mucinous tumors were measured by multiplexed immunofluorescence. Levels of apoptosis and necroptosis signalling proteins were analysed in SW1463 (mucinous rectal), SW837 (non-mucinous rectal), LS174T (mucinous colon) and HCT116 (non-mucinous colon) cell lines by western blot. Cell death was investigated by flow cytometry measurement of propidium iodide stained cells. Results High cleaved-Caspase 3 expression was noted in resected mucinous tumors. Western blot identified alterations in apoptosis proteins in mucinous CRC, most prominently downregulation of Bcl-xL protein levels (p=0.029) which was also observed at the mRNA level in patients by analysis of TCGA gene expression data (p<0.001). Treatment with 5-FU did not significantly elevate cell death in mucinous cells, while non-mucinous cells showed robust cell death responses. However, 5-FU-induced phosphorylation of MLKL in mucinous cancer cells, suggestive of a switch to necroptotic cell death signaling. Conclusion Apoptotic and necroptotic mediators are differentially expressed in mucinous and non-mucinous colorectal cancers and represent targets for investigation of cell death mechanisms in the mucinous subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer O’Connell
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ian S. Reynolds
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreas U. Lindner
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Manuela Salvucci
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tony O’Grady
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orna Bacon
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sanghee Cho
- GE Global Research, Niskayuna, NY, United States
| | | | - Daniel Longley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Ginty
- GE Global Research, Niskayuna, NY, United States
| | - Deborah A. McNamara
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John P. Burke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jochen H. M. Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Jochen H. M. Prehn, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-3479-7794
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Ramesh P, Lannagan TRM, Jackstadt R, Atencia Taboada L, Lansu N, Wirapati P, van Hooff SR, Dekker D, Pritchard J, Kirov AB, van Neerven SM, Tejpar S, Kops GJPL, Sansom OJ, Medema JP. BCL-XL is crucial for progression through the adenoma-to-carcinoma sequence of colorectal cancer. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:3282-3296. [PMID: 34117376 PMCID: PMC8630104 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00816-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evasion of apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer, which is frequently mediated by upregulation of the antiapoptotic BCL-2 family proteins. In colorectal cancer (CRC), previous work has highlighted differential antiapoptotic protein dependencies determined by the stage of the disease. While intestinal stem cells (ISCs) require BCL-2 for adenoma outgrowth and survival during transformation, ISC-specific MCL1 deletion results in disturbed intestinal homeostasis, eventually contributing to tumorigenesis. Colon cancer stem cells (CSCs), however, no longer require BCL-2 and depend mainly on BCL-XL for their survival. We therefore hypothesized that a shift in antiapoptotic protein reliance occurs in ISCs as the disease progresses from normal to adenoma to carcinoma. By targeting antiapoptotic proteins with specific BH3 mimetics in organoid models of CRC progression, we found that BCL-2 is essential only during ISC transformation while MCL1 inhibition did not affect adenoma outgrowth. BCL-XL, on the other hand, was crucial for stem cell survival throughout the adenoma-to-carcinoma sequence. Furthermore, we identified that the limited window of BCL-2 reliance is a result of its downregulation by miR-17-5p, a microRNA that is upregulated upon APC-mutation driven transformation. Here we show that BCL-XL inhibition effectively impairs adenoma outgrowth in vivo and enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy. In line with this dependency, expression of BCL-XL, but not BCL-2 or MCL1, directly correlated to the outcome of chemotherapy-treated CRC patients. Our results provide insights to enable the rational use of BH3 mimetics in CRC management, particularly underlining the therapeutic potential of BCL-XL targeting mimetics in both early and late-stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanthi Ramesh
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rene Jackstadt
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Lidia Atencia Taboada
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Lansu
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sander R van Hooff
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Dekker
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Pritchard
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandar B Kirov
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne M van Neerven
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert J P L Kops
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Chen YF, Yu ZL, Lv MY, Cai ZR, Zou YF, Lan P, Wu XJ, Gao F. Cancer-associated fibroblasts impact the clinical outcome and treatment response in colorectal cancer via immune system modulation: a comprehensive genome-wide analysis. Mol Med 2021; 27:139. [PMID: 34717544 PMCID: PMC8557584 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumour microenvironment are associated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance in multiple solid tumours. However, there is a lack of universal measures of CAFs in colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to assess the utility of a fibroblast-related gene signature (FRGS) for predicting patient outcomes and reveal its relevant mechanism. Methods The GSE39582 dataset, which includes 316 CRC patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy was used as a discovery cohort to identify the prognostic fibroblast-related genes (FRGs). A total of 1352 CRC patients were divided into one training cohort (GSE39582, n = 461) and two validation cohorts (TCGA, n = 338; meta-validation, n = 553) for the construction of the FRGS and the verification of its prognostic value in stage II/III CRC patients. Functional annotation and analysis were performed to explore the underlying mechanism. The ability of the FRGS to predict immunotherapy response was further tested in a clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cohort. Results An 11-gene signature that had prognostic value for stage II/III CRC patients in both validation cohorts was developed (TCGA cohort: HR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.16–3.12, P < 0.01; meta-validation cohort: HR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.39–2.73, P < 0.001). A high level of CAFs was correlated with worse prognosis in CRC patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (HR = 3.63, 95% CI 2.24–5.88, P < 0.001). Importantly, patients in the low-risk group were found to be benefit from chemotherapy (P < 0.01), but not in the high CAF group (P > 0.05). Similar results were found in the TCGA cohort. Integrated with clinical characteristics, the FRGS was confirmed to be an independent prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis after adjustment for tumour TNM stage (GSE39582 cohort: HR = 3.19, 95% CI 1.88–5.41, P < 0.001; TCGA cohort: HR = 5.00, 95% CI 1.58–15.85, P = 0.007; meta-validation cohort: HR = 2.99, 95% CI 1.44–6.21, P = 0.003). Furthermore, the enrichment analysis found that the antitumour immune response was suppressed and the infiltration of CD4 T cells and M1 macrophages was depressed in the high CAF group. The FRGS was also found to have value in predicting for immunotherapy response in the ccRCC cohort. Conclusions The 11-gene FRGS had independent prognostic value for CRC patients, as well as utility in the prediction of benefit from chemotherapy. CAFs in the tumour microenvironment might have an impact on the prognosis of CRC patients via inhibiting immune response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-021-00402-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Rd, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao-Liang Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Rd, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Yi Lv
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Rd, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Rong Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Rd, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Feng Zou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Rd, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Rd, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jian Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Rd, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Rd, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Dahham SS, Tabana Y, Asif M, Ahmed M, Babu D, Hassan LE, Ahamed MBK, Sandai D, Barakat K, Siraki A, Majid AMSA. β-Caryophyllene Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Angiogenesis in Colorectal Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10550. [PMID: 34638895 PMCID: PMC8508804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-Caryophyllene (BCP), a naturally occurring sesquiterpene abundantly found in cloves, hops, and cannabis, is the active candidate of a relatively new group of vascular-inhibiting compounds that aim to block existing tumor blood vessels. Previously, we have reported the anti-cancer properties of BCP by utilizing a series of in-vitro anti-tumor-related assays using human colorectal carcinoma cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of BCP on in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo models of anti-angiogenic assays and evaluate its anti-cancer activity in xenograft tumor (both ectopic and orthotopic) mice models of human colorectal cancer. Computational structural analysis and an apoptosis antibody array were also performed to understand the molecular players underlying this effect. BCP exhibited strong anti-angiogenic activity by blocking the migration of endothelial cells, tube-like network formation, suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion from human umbilical vein endothelial cells and sprouting of rat aorta microvessels. BCP has a probable binding at Site#0 on the surface of VEGFR2. Moreover, BCP significantly deformed the vascularization architecture compared to the negative control in a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay. BCP showed a remarkable reduction in tumor size and fluorescence molecular tomography signal intensity in all the mice treated with BCP, in a dose-dependent relationship, in ectopic and orthotopic tumor xenograft models, respectively. The histological analysis of the tumor from BCP-treated mice revealed a clear reduction of the density of vascularization. In addition, BCP induced apoptosis through downregulation of HSP60, HTRA, survivin, and XIAP, along with the upregulation of p21 expressions. These results suggest that BCP acts at multiple stages of angiogenesis and could be used as a promising therapeutic candidate to halt the growth of colorectal tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad S. Dahham
- Department of Science, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Rustaq 10 P.C:329, Oman
| | - Yasser Tabana
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (Y.T.); (M.A.); (K.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Marawan Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (Y.T.); (M.A.); (K.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Dinesh Babu
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (Y.T.); (M.A.); (K.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Loiy E. Hassan
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science & Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, P.O. Box 382, Omdurman 14415, Sudan;
| | - Mohamed B. Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (M.B.K.A.); (A.M.S.A.M.)
| | - Doblin Sandai
- Infectomics Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Khaled Barakat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (Y.T.); (M.A.); (K.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Arno Siraki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (Y.T.); (M.A.); (K.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Amin M. S. A. Majid
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (M.B.K.A.); (A.M.S.A.M.)
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Azwar S, Seow HF, Abdullah M, Faisal Jabar M, Mohtarrudin N. Recent Updates on Mechanisms of Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil and Reversal Strategies in Colon Cancer Treatment. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:854. [PMID: 34571731 PMCID: PMC8466833 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) plus leucovorin (LV) remain as the mainstay standard adjuvant chemotherapy treatment for early stage colon cancer, and the preferred first-line option for metastatic colon cancer patients in combination with oxaliplatin in FOLFOX, or irinotecan in FOLFIRI regimens. Despite treatment success to a certain extent, the incidence of chemotherapy failure attributed to chemotherapy resistance is still reported in many patients. This resistance, which can be defined by tumor tolerance against chemotherapy, either intrinsic or acquired, is primarily driven by the dysregulation of various components in distinct pathways. In recent years, it has been established that the incidence of 5-FU resistance, akin to multidrug resistance, can be attributed to the alterations in drug transport, evasion of apoptosis, changes in the cell cycle and DNA-damage repair machinery, regulation of autophagy, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell involvement, tumor microenvironment interactions, miRNA dysregulations, epigenetic alterations, as well as redox imbalances. Certain resistance mechanisms that are 5-FU-specific have also been ascertained to include the upregulation of thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, and the downregulation of thymidine phosphorylase. Indeed, the successful modulation of these mechanisms have been the game plan of numerous studies that had employed small molecule inhibitors, plant-based small molecules, and non-coding RNA regulators to effectively reverse 5-FU resistance in colon cancer cells. It is hoped that these studies would provide fundamental knowledge to further our understanding prior developing novel drugs in the near future that would synergistically work with 5-FU to potentiate its antitumor effects and improve the patient's overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamin Azwar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.A.); (H.F.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Heng Fong Seow
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.A.); (H.F.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Maha Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.A.); (H.F.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohd Faisal Jabar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Norhafizah Mohtarrudin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.A.); (H.F.S.); (M.A.)
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FASN Knockdown Inhibited Anoikis Resistance of Gastric Cancer Cells via P-ERK1/2/Bcl-xL Pathway. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2021; 2021:6674204. [PMID: 34456997 PMCID: PMC8390150 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6674204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoikis resistance (AR) is a crucial step in tumor metastasis. The overexpression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) is not only related to the AR of osteosarcoma cells, but also evidenced on gastric cancer (GC). This study investigated the role of FASN in the AR of GC cells. Plates coated with poly-HEMA were used for the culture of cells with AR. Small interfering RNA targeting FASN (siFASN) was transfected into MNK-45 and AGS cells. The number and apoptosis of cells were assessed by a hemacytometer and Annexin-V-FITC/PI assay, respectively. Aggregated cells and colony numbers were manually counted under a microscope. The migration and invasion rates were measured via wound healing and Transwell invasion assays, respectively. The levels of FASN, phosphorylated (p)-ERK1/2, ERK1/2 and Bcl-xL were detected through western blot or quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed that the cell numbers of MNK-45 and AGS were increased while that of GES-1 cell was decreased during the culture in suspension. A higher apoptosis rate and a smaller number of aggregated cells were observed in GES-1 cells in comparison with MNK-45 and AGS cells. A larger colony number, greater migration and invasion rates, and higher mRNA and protein expressions of FASN were presented in the AR group compared with the control group. Cells transfected with siFASN possessed lower migration and invasion rates, reduced expressions of FASN mRNA and protein, p-ERK1/2 and Bcl-xL, and induced a significantly declined ratio of p-ERK1/2 to ERK1/2. These findings suggest that down-regulation of FASN suppresses the AR of GC cells, which may be related to the inhibition of p-ERK1/2/Bcl-xL pathway.
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Liu J, Li J, Sun Z, Duan Y, Wang F, Wei G, Yang JH. Bcl-2-associated transcription factor 1 Ser290 phosphorylation mediates DNA damage response and regulates radiosensitivity in gastric cancer. J Transl Med 2021; 19:339. [PMID: 34372878 PMCID: PMC8351323 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA damage response plays critical roles in tumor pathogenesis and radiotherapy resistance. Protein phosphorylation is a critical mechanism in regulation of DNA damage response; however, the key mediators for radiosensitivity in gastric cancer still needs further exploration. METHODS A quick label-free phosphoproteomics using high-resolution mass spectrometry and an open search approach was applied to paired tumor and adjacent tissues from five patients with gastric cancer. The dysregulated phosphoproteins were identified and their associated-pathways analyzed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The mostly regulated phosphoproteins and their potential functions were validated by the specific antibodies against the phosphorylation sites. Specific protein phosphorylation was further analyzed by functional and clinical approaches. RESULTS 832 gastric cancer-associated unique phosphorylated sites were identified, among which 25 were up- and 52 down-regulated. Markedly, the dysregulated phosphoproteins were primarily enriched in DNA-damage-response-associated pathways. Particularly, the phosphorylation of Bcl-2-associated transcription factor 1 (BCLAF1) at Ser290 was significantly upregulated in tumor. The upregulation of BCLAF1 Ser290 phosphorylation (pBCLAF1 (Ser290)) in tumor was confirmed by tissue microarray studies and further indicated in association with poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Eliminating the phosphorylation of BCLAF1 at Ser290 suppressed gastric cancer (GC) cell proliferation. Upregulation of pBCLAF1 (Ser290) was found in association with irradiation-induced γ-H2AX expression in the nucleus, leading to an increased DNA damage repair response, and a marked inhibition of irradiation-induced cancer cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The phosphorylation of BCLAF1 at Ser290 is involved in the regulation of DNA damage response, indicating an important target for the resistance of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Center, and Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhao Sun
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yangmiao Duan
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Center, and Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Guangwei Wei
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Center, and Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Jing-Hua Yang
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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30
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Dou Z, Zhao D, Chen X, Xu C, Jin X, Zhang X, Wang Y, Xie X, Li Q, Di C, Zhang H. Aberrant Bcl-x splicing in cancer: from molecular mechanism to therapeutic modulation. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:194. [PMID: 34118966 PMCID: PMC8196531 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02001-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-x pre-mRNA splicing serves as a typical example to study the impact of alternative splicing in the modulation of cell death. Dysregulation of Bcl-x apoptotic isoforms caused by precarious equilibrium splicing is implicated in genesis and development of multiple human diseases, especially cancers. Exploring the mechanism of Bcl-x splicing and regulation has provided insight into the development of drugs that could contribute to sensitivity of cancer cells to death. On this basis, we review the multiple splicing patterns and structural characteristics of Bcl-x. Additionally, we outline the cis-regulatory elements, trans-acting factors as well as epigenetic modifications involved in the splicing regulation of Bcl-x. Furthermore, this review highlights aberrant splicing of Bcl-x involved in apoptosis evade, autophagy, metastasis, and therapy resistance of various cancer cells. Last, emphasis is given to the clinical role of targeting Bcl-x splicing correction in human cancer based on the splice-switching oligonucleotides, small molecular modulators and BH3 mimetics. Thus, it is highlighting significance of aberrant splicing isoforms of Bcl-x as targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Dou
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Dapeng Zhao
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Caipeng Xu
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xuetian Zhang
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Yupei Wang
- Medical Genetics Center of Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516029, China
| | - Cuixia Di
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516029, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516029, China.
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Li W, Ma Y, He L, Li H, Chu Y, Jiang Z, Zhao X, Nie Y, Wang X, Wang H. Protease-activated receptor 2 stabilizes Bcl-xL and regulates EGFR-targeted therapy response in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 517:14-23. [PMID: 34098062 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Bcl-2 homolog Bcl-xL is emerging as a key factor in tumorigenesis due to its prominent pro-survival and cell death-independent functions. However, the regulation of Bcl-xL by microenvironment and its implication in cancer therapy of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) are unclear. Here, we demonstrated that Bcl-xL expression was positively associated with protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in CRC. Activation of PAR2 stabilized Bcl-xL protein in a proteasome-dependent manner, whereas E3 ligase RING finger protein 152 (RNF152) accelerated the ubiquitination and degradation of Bcl-xL. RNF152 silencing by specific siRNAs rescued the expression of Bcl-xL in PAR2-deficient cells. Moreover, RNF152 physically interacted with Bcl-xL, which was disturbed by PAR2 activation. Further studies with serial mutation of Bcl-xL revealed that phosphorylation of Bcl-xL at S145 reduced its binding affinity for RNF152 and stabilized Bcl-xL. Importantly, inhibition of PAR2 signaling by its gene silencing or specific chemical inhibitors increased apoptosis induced by different EGFR-targeted therapies. In patient-derived xenograft model, inhibition of PAR2 increased the response of CRC to different EGFR-targeted therapies. These results indicate that PAR2 stabilizes Bcl-xL by altering RNF152 signaling and that PAR2 inhibition sensitizes CRC to EGFR-targeted therapies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Longmei He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yi Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xishan Wang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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32
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Zhang L, Lu Z, Zhao X. Targeting Bcl-2 for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188569. [PMID: 34015412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis deficiency is one of the most important features observed in neoplastic diseases. The Bcl-2 family is composed of a subset of proteins that act as decisive apoptosis regulators. Research and clinical studies have both demonstrated that the hyperactivation of Bcl-2-related anti-apoptotic effects correlates with cancer occurrence, progression and prognosis, also having a role in facilitating the radio- and chemoresistance of various malignancies. Therefore, targeting Bcl-2 inactivation has provided some compelling therapeutic advantages by enhancing apoptotic sensitivity or reversing drug resistance. Therefore, this pharmacological route turned into one of the most promising routes for cancer treatment. This review discusses some of the well-defined and emerging roles of Bcl-2 as well as its potential clinical value in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China
| | - Zaiming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China.
| | - Xiangxuan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China.
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33
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Li R, Li Y, Liang X, Yang L, Su M, Lai KP. Network Pharmacology and bioinformatics analyses identify intersection genes of niacin and COVID-19 as potential therapeutic targets. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:1279-1290. [PMID: 33169132 PMCID: PMC7717147 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) may be susceptible to the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). However, anti-CRC/COVID-19 treatment options are currently unavailable. Since niacin is a vitamin with cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory functions, this study aimed to evaluate the possible functional roles and underlying mechanisms of action of niacin as an anti-COVID-19 and -CRC therapy. INTERVENTIONS We used a series of network pharmacology-based and computational analyses to understand and characterize the binding capacity, biological functions, pharmacological targets and therapeutic mechanisms of niacin in CRC/COVID-19. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We revealed the clinical characteristics of CRC patients and COVID-19 patients, including predisposing genes, survival rate and prognosis. Moreover, the results of molecular docking analysis indicated that niacin exerted effective binding capacity in COVID-19. Further, we disclosed the targets, biological functions and signaling pathways of niacin in CRC/COVID-19. The analysis indicated that niacin could help in treating CRC/COVID-19 through cytoprotection, enhancement of immunologic functions, inhibition of inflammatory reactions and regulation of cellular microenvironment. Furthermore, five core pharmacological targets of niacin in CRC/COVID-19 were also identified, including BCL2L1, PTGS2, IL1B, IFNG and SERPINE1. CONCLUSIONS This study, for the first time, revealed the niacin-associated molecular functions and pharmacological targets for treating CRC/COVID-19, as COVID-19 remains a serious pandemic. But the findings were not validated in actual CRC patients infected with COVID-19, so further investigation is needed to confirm the potential use of niacin for treating CRC/COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Li
- Gyuilin Medical University
| | | | | | - Min Su
- Gyuilin Medical University
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34
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Deng K, Yao J, Huang J, Ding Y, Zuo J. Abnormal alternative splicing promotes tumor resistance in targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101077. [PMID: 33774500 PMCID: PMC8039720 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal alternative splicing is involve in abnormal expression of genes in cancer. Abnormal alternative splicing events promote malignant progression of cancer. Abnormal alternative splicing develops tumor resistance to targeted therapy by changing the target point and signal transduction pathway. Abnormal alternative splicing develops tumor resistance to immunotherapy by changing cell surface antigens and protein structure.
Abnormally alternative splicing events are common hallmark of diverse types of cancers. Splicing variants with aberrant functions play an important role in cancer development. Most importantly, a growing body of evidence has supported that alternative splicing might play a significant role in the therapeutic resistance of tumors. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are the future directions of tumor therapy; however, the loss of antigen targets on the tumor cells surface and alterations in drug efficacy have resulted in the failure of targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Interestingly, abnormal alternative splicing, as a strategy to regulate gene expression, is reportedly involved in the reprogramming of cell signaling pathways and epitopes on the tumor cell surface by changing splicing patterns of genes, thus rendering tumors resisted to targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Accordingly, increased knowledge regarding abnormal alternative splicing in tumors may help predict therapeutic resistance during targeted therapy and immunotherapy and lead to novel therapeutic approaches in cancer. Herein, we provide a brief synopsis of abnormal alternative splicing events in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Deng
- The Laboratory of translational medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P R China
| | - Jingwei Yao
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P R China
| | - Jialu Huang
- The Laboratory of translational medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P R China
| | - Yubo Ding
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P R China
| | - Jianhong Zuo
- The Laboratory of translational medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P R China; The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P R China; Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421900, China.
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35
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Li YL, Zhou DJ, Cui ZG, Sun L, Feng QW, Zakki SA, Hiraku Y, Wu CA, Inadera H. The molecular mechanism of a novel derivative of BTO-956 induced apoptosis in human myelomonocytic lymphoma cells. Apoptosis 2021; 26:219-231. [PMID: 33738673 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant cancer of the hematopoietic system. Although the effectiveness of arsenic compounds has been recognized and applied clinically, some patients are still found resistant to this chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated that a synthetic thyroid hormone analog (TA), 2-iodo-4-nitro-1-(o-tolyloxy) benzene, had a strong apoptosis effect on U937 cells. U937 cells were treated with TA, and examinted the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), dysfunction of mitochondria, expression of pro-apoptosis and anti-apoptosis, and cleavage of caspase-3 and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Further, it is also evaluated that insight molecular mechanism and signaling pathways involved in the study. It is found that TA significantly induced apoptosis in U937 cells through production of ROS, dysfunction of mitochondria, and activation of caspase cascade. It was also observed that MAPK signaling pathway including ERK, JNK, and P38 signals are involved in the induction of apoptosis. Moreover, marked activation of autophagy and ER stress markers such as LC3, P62, Beclin1 and GRP78, CHOP were observed, respectively. Pretreatment with ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) have successfully attenuated and aggravated TA-induced apoptosis, respectively. We further confirmed the active involvement of ER stress and autophagy signals. In conclusion, TA induced apoptosis through ER stress and activation of autophagy, and the latter is not conducive to TA-induced cell death. Our results may provide a new insight into the strategic development of novel therapy for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Li
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - De-Jun Zhou
- Graduate School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Sciences, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimoaizuki Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Qian-Wen Feng
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shahbaz Ahmad Zakki
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Hattar Road, Haripur, KP, Pakistan
| | - Yusuke Hiraku
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Sciences, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimoaizuki Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Cheng-Ai Wu
- Department of Molecular Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Xicheng District Xinjiekou East Street on the 31st, Beijing, 100035, China.
| | - Hidekuni Inadera
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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36
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Fairlie WD, Lee EF. Co-Operativity between MYC and BCL-2 Pro-Survival Proteins in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2841. [PMID: 33799592 PMCID: PMC8000576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), c-MYC and related proteins are arguably amongst the most widely studied in all of biology. Every year there are thousands of papers reporting on different aspects of their biochemistry, cellular and physiological mechanisms and functions. This plethora of literature can be attributed to both proteins playing essential roles in the normal functioning of a cell, and by extension a whole organism, but also due to their central role in disease, most notably, cancer. Many cancers arise due to genetic lesions resulting in deregulation of both proteins, and indeed the development and survival of tumours is often dependent on co-operativity between these protein families. In this review we will discuss the individual roles of both proteins in cancer, describe cancers where co-operativity between them has been well-characterised and finally, some strategies to target these proteins therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Douglas Fairlie
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Erinna F. Lee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3084, Australia
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It's time to die: BH3 mimetics in solid tumors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118987. [PMID: 33600840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The removal of cells by apoptosis is an essential process regulating tissue homeostasis. Cancer cells acquire the ability to circumvent apoptosis and survive in an unphysiological tissue context. Thereby, the Bcl-2 protein family plays a key role in the initiation of apoptosis, and overexpression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins is one of the molecular mechanisms protecting cancer cells from apoptosis. Recently, small molecules targeting the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins have been identified, and with venetoclax the first of these BH3 mimetics has been approved for the treatment of leukemia. In solid tumors the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL are frequently overexpressed or genetically amplified. In this review, we summarize the role of Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL in solid tumors and compare the different BH3 mimetics targeting Mcl-1 or Bcl-xL.
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38
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Arulananda S, Lee EF, Fairlie WD, John T. The role of BCL-2 family proteins and therapeutic potential of BH3-mimetics in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2020; 21:413-424. [PMID: 33238762 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1856660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: With limited recent therapeutic changes, malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is associated with poor survival and death within 12 months, making it one of the most lethal malignancies. Due to unregulated asbestos use in developing countries and home renovation exposures, cases of MPM are likely to present for decades. As MPM is largely driven by dysregulation of tumor suppressor genes, researchers have examined other mechanisms of subverting tumor proliferation and spread. Over-expression of pro-survival BCL-2 family proteins impairs cells from undergoing apoptosis, and BH3-mimetics targeting them are a novel treatment option across various cancers, though have not been widely investigated in MPM.Areas covered: This review provides an overview of MPM and its current treatment landscape. It summarizes the role of BCL-2 family proteins in tumorigenesis and the therapeutic potential of BH3-mimetics . Finally, it discusses the role of BCL-2 proteins in MPM and the pre-clinical rationale for investigating BH3-mimetics as a therapeutic strategy.Expert opinion: As a disease without readily actionable oncogene driver mutations and with modest benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition, novel therapeutic options are urgently needed for MPM. Hence, BH3-mimetics provide a promising treatment option, with evidence supporting dependence on pro-survival BCL-2 proteins for MPM cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surein Arulananda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Erinna F Lee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - W Douglas Fairlie
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas John
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
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Khan AA, Patel K, Patil S, Babu N, Mangalaparthi KK, Solanki HS, Nanjappa V, Kumari A, Manoharan M, Karunakaran C, Murugan S, Nair B, Kumar RV, Biswas M, Sidransky D, Gupta R, Gupta R, Khanna-Gupta A, Kumar P, Chatterjee A, Gowda H. Multi-Omics Analysis to Characterize Cigarette Smoke Induced Molecular Alterations in Esophageal Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1666. [PMID: 33251127 PMCID: PMC7675040 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Though smoking remains one of the established risk factors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, there is limited data on molecular alterations associated with cigarette smoke exposure in esophageal cells. To investigate molecular alterations associated with chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, non-neoplastic human esophageal epithelial cells were treated with cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) for up to 8 months. Chronic treatment with CSC increased cell proliferation and invasive ability of non-neoplastic esophageal cells. Whole exome sequence analysis of CSC treated cells revealed several mutations and copy number variations. This included loss of high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 2 (HMGN2) and a missense variant in mediator complex subunit 1 (MED1). Both these genes play an important role in DNA repair. Global proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling of CSC treated cells lead to the identification of 38 differentially expressed and 171 differentially phosphorylated proteins. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins and phosphoproteins revealed that most of these proteins are associated with DNA damage response pathway. Proteomics data revealed decreased expression of HMGN2 and hypophosphorylation of MED1. Exogenous expression of HMGN2 and MED1 lead to decreased proliferative and invasive ability of smoke exposed cells. Immunohistochemical labeling of HMGN2 in primary ESCC tumor tissue sections (from smokers) showed no detectable expression while strong to moderate staining of HMGN2 was observed in normal esophageal tissues. Our data suggests that cigarette smoke perturbs expression of proteins associated with DNA damage response pathways which might play a vital role in development of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafaque Ahmad Khan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krishna Patel
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies, School of Dental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Niraj Babu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Kiran K Mangalaparthi
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bipin Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Rekha V Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
| | - Manjusha Biswas
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Mitra Biotech, Bangalore, India
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Medgenome Labs Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.,Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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40
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Scherr AL, Mock A, Gdynia G, Schmitt N, Heilig CE, Korell F, Rhadakrishnan P, Hoffmeister P, Metzeler KH, Schulze-Osthoff K, Illert AL, Boerries M, Trojan J, Waidmann O, Falkenhorst J, Siveke J, Jost PJ, Bitzer M, Malek NP, Vecchione L, Jelas I, Brors B, Glimm H, Stenzinger A, Grekova SP, Gehrig T, Schulze-Bergkamen H, Jäger D, Schirmacher P, Heikenwalder M, Goeppert B, Schneider M, Fröhling S, Köhler BC. Identification of BCL-XL as highly active survival factor and promising therapeutic target in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:875. [PMID: 33070156 PMCID: PMC7568722 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death, therapeutic approaches overcoming primary and acquired therapy resistance are an urgent medical need. In this study, the efficacy and toxicity of high-affinity inhibitors targeting antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins (BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1) were evaluated. By RNA sequencing analysis of a pan-cancer cohort comprising >1500 patients and subsequent prediction of protein activity, BCL-XL was identified as the only antiapoptotic BCL-2 protein that is overactivated in CRC. Consistently, pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of BCL-XL induced apoptosis in human CRC cell lines. In a combined treatment approach, targeting BCL-XL augmented the efficacy of chemotherapy in vitro, in a murine CRC model, and in human ex vivo derived CRC tissue cultures. Collectively, these data show that targeting of BCL-XL is efficient and safe in preclinical CRC models, observations that pave the way for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Scherr
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Mock
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Gdynia
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Schmitt
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph E Heilig
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Korell
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Praveen Rhadakrishnan
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paula Hoffmeister
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus H Metzeler
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Schulze-Osthoff
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna L Illert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Trojan
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.,Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Oliver Waidmann
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.,Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johanna Falkenhorst
- Depārtment of Medical Oncology, Sarcoma Center, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Medical School, 45147, Essen, Germany.,DKTK partner site Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Siveke
- Institute for Developmental Cancer Therapeutics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp J Jost
- Medical Department III for Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (Translatum), Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany.,German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) partner site TUM, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Bitzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nisar P Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Loredana Vecchione
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology (CCM) Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivan Jelas
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanno Glimm
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svetlana P Grekova
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Gehrig
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Spital Linth, 8730, Uznach, Switzerland
| | | | - Dirk Jäger
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Goeppert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno C Köhler
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Contartese D, Salamanna F, Veronesi F, Fini M. Relevance of humanized three-dimensional tumor tissue models: a descriptive systematic literature review. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3913-3944. [PMID: 32285137 PMCID: PMC11104864 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous advances in tumor screening, diagnosis, and treatment, to date, tumors remain one of the leading causes of death, principally due to metastasis and the physiological damage produced by tumor growth. Among the main limits related to the study of tumor physiology there is the complex and heterogeneity nature of its environment and the absence of relevant, simple and inexpensive models able to mimic the biological processes occurring in patients allowing the correct clinical translation of results. To enhance the understanding of the mechanisms of tumors and to develop and evaluate new therapeutic approaches the set-up of advanced and alternative models is mandatory. One of the more translational approaches seems to be the use of humanized three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture. This model allows to accurately mimic tumor morphology and biology, maintaining the native microenvironment without any manipulation. However, little is still known on the real clinical relevance of these models for the study of tumor mechanisms and for the screening of new therapy. The aim of this descriptive systematic literature review was to evaluate and summarize the current knowledge on human 3D tumor tissue culture models. We reviewed the strategies employed by researchers to set-up these systems, also considering the different approaches and culture conditions used. All these aspects greatly contribute to the existing knowledge on tumors, providing a specific link to clinical scenarios and making the humanized 3D tumor tissue models a more attractive tool both for researchers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Contartese
- Laboratory Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Salamanna
- Laboratory Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - F Veronesi
- Laboratory Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Fini
- Laboratory Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
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42
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Shahar N, Larisch S. Inhibiting the inhibitors: Targeting anti-apoptotic proteins in cancer and therapy resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 52:100712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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43
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Vaghari-Tabari M, Majidinia M, Moein S, Qujeq D, Asemi Z, Alemi F, Mohamadzadeh R, Targhazeh N, Safa A, Yousefi B. MicroRNAs and colorectal cancer chemoresistance: New solution for old problem. Life Sci 2020; 259:118255. [PMID: 32818543 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies with a significant mortality rate. Despite the great advances in cancer treatment in the last few decades, effective treatment of CRC is still under challenge. One of the main problems associated with CRC treatment is the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs. METHODS Many studies have been carried out to identify CRC chemoresistance mechanisms, and shed light on the role of ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters), enzymes as thymidylate synthase, some signaling pathways, and cancer stem cells (CSC) in chemoresistance and failed CRC chemotherapies. Other studies have also been recently carried out to find solutions to overcome chemoresistance. Some of these studies have identified the role of miRNAs in chemoresistance of the CRC cells and the effective use of these micro-molecules to CRC treatment. RESULTS Considering the results of these studies, more focus on miRNAs likely leads to a proper solution to overcome CRC chemoresistance. CONCLUSION The current study has reviewed the related literature while discussing the efficacy of miRNAs as potential clinical tools for overcoming CRC chemoresistance and reviewing the most important chemoresistance mechanisms in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Soheila Moein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Mohamadzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nilofar Targhazeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Safa
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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44
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Healy ME, Boege Y, Hodder MC, Böhm F, Malehmir M, Scherr AL, Jetzer J, Chan LK, Parrotta R, Jacobs K, Clerbaux LA, Kreutzer S, Campbell A, Gilchrist E, Gilroy K, Rodewald AK, Honcharova-Biletska H, Schimmer R, Vélez K, Büeler S, Cammareri P, Kalna G, Wenning AS, McCoy KD, Gomez de Agüero M, Schulze-Bergkamen H, Klose CSN, Unger K, Macpherson AJ, Moor AE, Köhler B, Sansom OJ, Heikenwälder M, Weber A. MCL1 Is Required for Maintenance of Intestinal Homeostasis and Prevention of Carcinogenesis in Mice. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:183-199. [PMID: 32179094 PMCID: PMC7397524 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal epithelial homeostasis depends on a tightly regulated balance between intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) death and proliferation. While the disruption of several IEC death regulating factors result in intestinal inflammation, the loss of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 family members BCL2 and BCL2L1 has no effect on intestinal homeostasis in mice. We investigated the functions of the antiapoptotic protein MCL1, another member of the BCL2 family, in intestinal homeostasis in mice. METHODS We generated mice with IEC-specific disruption of Mcl1 (Mcl1ΔIEC mice) or tamoxifen-inducible IEC-specific disruption of Mcl1 (i-Mcl1ΔIEC mice); these mice and mice with full-length Mcl1 (controls) were raised under normal or germ-free conditions. Mice were analyzed by endoscopy and for intestinal epithelial barrier permeability. Intestinal tissues were analyzed by histology, in situ hybridization, proliferation assays, and immunoblots. Levels of calprotectin, a marker of intestinal inflammation, were measured in intestinal tissues and feces. RESULTS Mcl1ΔIEC mice spontaneously developed apoptotic enterocolopathy, characterized by increased IEC apoptosis, hyperproliferative crypts, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and chronic inflammation. Loss of MCL1 retained intestinal crypts in a hyperproliferated state and prevented the differentiation of intestinal stem cells. Proliferation of intestinal stem cells in MCL1-deficient mice required WNT signaling and was associated with DNA damage accumulation. By 1 year of age, Mcl1ΔIEC mice developed intestinal tumors with morphologic and genetic features of human adenomas and carcinomas. Germ-free housing of Mcl1ΔIEC mice reduced markers of microbiota-induced intestinal inflammation but not tumor development. CONCLUSION The antiapoptotic protein MCL1, a member of the BCL2 family, is required for maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and prevention of carcinogenesis in mice. Loss of MCL1 results in development of intestinal carcinomas, even under germ-free conditions, and therefore does not involve microbe-induced chronic inflammation. Mcl1ΔIEC mice might be used to study apoptotic enterocolopathy and inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc E Healy
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Boege
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael C Hodder
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Friederike Böhm
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohsen Malehmir
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Lena Scherr
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Department of Medical Oncology and Heidelberg University Hospital, Internal Medicine VI, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasna Jetzer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lap Kwan Chan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rossella Parrotta
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Jacobs
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laure-Alix Clerbaux
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Kreutzer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ella Gilchrist
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathryn Gilroy
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ann-Katrin Rodewald
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Roman Schimmer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karelia Vélez
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Büeler
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Cammareri
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gabriela Kalna
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna S Wenning
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DKF), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DKF), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mercedes Gomez de Agüero
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DKF), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Henning Schulze-Bergkamen
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Department of Medical Oncology and Heidelberg University Hospital, Internal Medicine VI, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph S N Klose
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg Germany
| | - Andrew J Macpherson
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DKF), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas E Moor
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Köhler
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Department of Medical Oncology and Heidelberg University Hospital, Internal Medicine VI, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Mathias Heikenwälder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Deutsches Krebs-Forschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is essential for tissue homeostasis. De-regulation of the balance between proliferation and apoptosis contributes to tumor initiation. Particularly in the colon where apoptosis is a crucial process in intestinal turnover, inhibition of apoptosis facilitates transformation and tumor progression. The BCL-2 family of proteins are key regulators of apoptosis and have been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation, progression and resistance to therapy. In this review we outline the current knowledge on the BCL-2 family-regulated intrinsic apoptosis pathway and mechanisms by which it is de-regulated in CRC. We further review BH3 mimetics as a therapeutic opportunity to target this pathway and evaluate their potential for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanthi Ramesh
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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46
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Anaya-Eugenio GD, Tan CY, Rakotondraibe LH, Carcache de Blanco EC. Tumor suppressor p53 independent apoptosis in HT-29 cells by auransterol from Penicillium aurantiacobrunneum. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110124. [PMID: 32407985 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer related-death in the United States. Search for new alternatives to treat this type of cancer is necessary. In a previous report, auransterol from Penicillium aurantiacobrunneum showed cytotoxicity in HT-29 cancer cells. Thus, the goal of this study was to examine the potential cytotoxic mechanism of auransterol in HT-29 cells. Real-time cytotoxicity of auransterol was determined in HT-29 colon cancer cells, using the SRB assay. Loss of MTP, overproduction of ROS, cell cycle, cell migration, and caspase activity were analyzed. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate protein expression. Auransterol reduced cell proliferation rate in a time and concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 value > 100, 49.1 and 23.8 μM at 24, 48 and 72 h of treatment, respectively. After 24 h of treatment, 50 μM of auransterol induced loss of MTP, overproduction of ROS, increased caspase activity, induced cell cycle G1 phase accumulation and inhibition of migration in HT-29 cells compared to control. These results were supported by protein upregulation of Cyt c, BAX, PARP-1, p21 and procaspase-3, and downregulation of Bcl-2 with no modifications in procaspase-7 and p53. The cytotoxic effect of auransterol in HT-29 colon cancer cells is mediated by mitochondrial apoptosis independent of p53 activation, cell cycle G1 phase arrest, and inhibition of cell migration. This work encourages further preclinical and clinical studies of auransterol and suggests auransterol as a good candidate for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo D Anaya-Eugenio
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Choon Yong Tan
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - L Harinantenaina Rakotondraibe
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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47
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Al-Obeed O, El-Obeid AS, Matou-Nasri S, Vaali-Mohammed MA, AlHaidan Y, Elwatidy M, Al Dosary H, Alehaideb Z, Alkhayal K, Haseeb A, McKerrow J, Ahmad R, Abdulla MH. Herbal melanin inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation by altering redox balance, inducing apoptosis, and modulating MAPK signaling. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:126. [PMID: 32322173 PMCID: PMC7161222 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most deadly cancers that requests effective and safe chemotherapy. Evaluation of natural product-based anticancer drugs as adjuvant treatment with fewer side effects is largely unexplored research fields. Herbal melanin (HM) is an extract of the seed coats of Nigella sativa that modulates an inflammatory response through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). This TLR4 receptor is also involved in the modulation of apoptosis. We therefore explored the anticancer potential of HM and specifically its effect on the molecular mechanisms underlying adenocarcinoma and metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) cell death in vitro. Methods Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione levels, and apoptotic status were assessed using fluorometric and colorimetric detection methods. HM-induced apoptotic and other signaling pathways were investigated using Western blot technology and mitochondrial transition pore assay kit. TLR4 receptor downregulation and blockade were performed using siRNA technology and neutralizing antibody, respectively. Results Our results showed that HM inhibited the proliferation of the colorectal adenocarcinoma HT29 and mCRC SW620 cell lines. Furthermore, HM enhanced ROS production and decreased glutathione levels. HM-induced apoptosis was associated with mitochondrial outer membrane permeability and cytochrome c release, inhibition of the Bcl2 family proteins, and activation of caspase-3/-7. In addition, HM modulated MAPK pathways by activating the JNK pathway and by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation. TLR4 receptor downregulation enhanced HM-induced apoptosis while TLR4 receptor blockade partially alleviated HM-inhibited ERK phosphorylation. Conclusion Altogether, these findings indicate that HM exerts pro-apoptotic effects and inhibits MAPK pathway through TLR4 in mCRC and colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, suggesting HM as a promising natural-based drug for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al-Obeed
- 1Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 7805 (37), Riyadh, 11472 Saudi Arabia
| | - Adila Salih El-Obeid
- 2Department of Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, PO Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia.,3Faculty of Pharmacology, Ahfad University for Women, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sabine Matou-Nasri
- 4Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, PO Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansoor-Ali Vaali-Mohammed
- 1Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 7805 (37), Riyadh, 11472 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeid AlHaidan
- 4Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, PO Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Elwatidy
- 1Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 7805 (37), Riyadh, 11472 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Al Dosary
- 1Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 7805 (37), Riyadh, 11472 Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeyad Alehaideb
- 4Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, PO Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khayal Alkhayal
- 1Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 7805 (37), Riyadh, 11472 Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil Haseeb
- 5Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - James McKerrow
- 6Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Rehan Ahmad
- 1Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 7805 (37), Riyadh, 11472 Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha-Hamadien Abdulla
- 1Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 7805 (37), Riyadh, 11472 Saudi Arabia
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Scherr AL, Jassowicz A, Pató A, Elssner C, Ismail L, Schmitt N, Hoffmeister P, Neukirch L, Gdynia G, Goeppert B, Schulze-Bergkamen H, Jäger D, Köhler BC. Knockdown of Atg7 Induces Nuclear-LC3 Dependent Apoptosis and Augments Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1099. [PMID: 32046105 PMCID: PMC7038172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process that enables cells to degrade obsolete content and refuel energy depots. In colorectal cancer (CRC) autophagy has been shown to promote tumorigenesis through energy delivery in the condition of uncontrolled proliferation. With this study, we aimed at evaluating whether autophagy sustains CRC cell viability and if it impacts therapy resistance. Initially, a colorectal cancer tissue micro array, containing mucosa (n = 10), adenoma (n = 18) and adenocarcinoma (n = 49) spots, was stained for expression of essential autophagy proteins LC3b, Atg7, p62 and Beclin-1. Subsequently, central autophagy proteins were downregulated in CRC cells using siRNA technology. Viability assays, flow cytometry and immunoblotting were performed and three-dimensional cell culture was utilized to study autophagy in a tissue mimicking environment. In our study we found an upregulation of Atg7 in CRC. Furthermore, we identified Atg7 as crucial factor within the autophagy network for CRC cell viability. Its disruption induced cell death via triggering apoptosis and in combination with conventional chemotherapy it exerted synergistic effects in inducing CRC cell death. Cell death was strictly dependent on nuclear LC3b, since simultaneous knockdown of Atg7 and LC3b completely restored viability. This study unravels a novel cell death preventing function of Atg7 in interaction with LC3b, thereby unmasking a promising therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Scherr
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; (A.-L.S.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (C.E.); (L.I.); (N.S.); (P.H.); (D.J.)
| | - Adam Jassowicz
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; (A.-L.S.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (C.E.); (L.I.); (N.S.); (P.H.); (D.J.)
| | - Anna Pató
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; (A.-L.S.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (C.E.); (L.I.); (N.S.); (P.H.); (D.J.)
| | - Christin Elssner
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; (A.-L.S.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (C.E.); (L.I.); (N.S.); (P.H.); (D.J.)
| | - Lars Ismail
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; (A.-L.S.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (C.E.); (L.I.); (N.S.); (P.H.); (D.J.)
| | - Nathalie Schmitt
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; (A.-L.S.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (C.E.); (L.I.); (N.S.); (P.H.); (D.J.)
| | - Paula Hoffmeister
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; (A.-L.S.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (C.E.); (L.I.); (N.S.); (P.H.); (D.J.)
| | - Lasse Neukirch
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany;
| | - Georg Gdynia
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; (G.G.); (B.G.)
| | - Benjamin Goeppert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; (G.G.); (B.G.)
| | | | - Dirk Jäger
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; (A.-L.S.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (C.E.); (L.I.); (N.S.); (P.H.); (D.J.)
| | - Bruno Christian Köhler
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; (A.-L.S.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (C.E.); (L.I.); (N.S.); (P.H.); (D.J.)
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AbouAitah K, Hassan HA, Swiderska-Sroda A, Gohar L, Shaker OG, Wojnarowicz J, Opalinska A, Smalc-Koziorowska J, Gierlotka S, Lojkowski W. Targeted Nano-Drug Delivery of Colchicine against Colon Cancer Cells by Means of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E144. [PMID: 31936103 PMCID: PMC7017376 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimitotics are important anticancer agents and include the natural alkaloid prodrug colchicine (COL). However, a major challenge of using COL as an anticancer drug is its cytotoxicity. We developed a novel drug delivery system (DDS) for COL using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). The MSNs were functionalized with phosphonate groups, loaded with COL, and coated with folic acid chitosan-glycine complex. The resulting nanoformulation, called MSNsPCOL/CG-FA, was tested for action against cancer and normal cell lines. The anticancer effect was highly enhanced for MSNsPCOL/CG-FA compared to COL. In the case of HCT116 cells, 100% inhibition was achieved. The efficiency of MSNsPCOL/CG-FA ranked in this order: HCT116 (colon cancer) > HepG2 (liver cancer) > PC3 (prostate cancer). MSNsPCOL/CG-FA exhibited low cytotoxicity (4%) compared to COL (~60%) in BJ1 normal cells. The mechanism of action was studied in detail for HCT116 cells and found to be primarily intrinsic apoptosis caused by an enhanced antimitotic effect. Furthermore, a contribution of genetic regulation (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT 1), and microRNA (mir-205)) and immunotherapy effects (angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2 protein) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) was found. Therefore, this study shows enhanced anticancer effects and reduced cytotoxicity of COL with targeted delivery compared to free COL and is a novel method of developing cancer immunotherapy using a low-cost small-molecule natural prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled AbouAitah
- Laboratory of Nanostructures, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.-S.); (J.W.); (A.O.); (S.G.); (W.L.)
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Heba A. Hassan
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Anna Swiderska-Sroda
- Laboratory of Nanostructures, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.-S.); (J.W.); (A.O.); (S.G.); (W.L.)
| | - Lamiaa Gohar
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Olfat G. Shaker
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11511, Egypt;
| | - Jacek Wojnarowicz
- Laboratory of Nanostructures, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.-S.); (J.W.); (A.O.); (S.G.); (W.L.)
| | - Agnieszka Opalinska
- Laboratory of Nanostructures, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.-S.); (J.W.); (A.O.); (S.G.); (W.L.)
| | - Julita Smalc-Koziorowska
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Characterization, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Stanislaw Gierlotka
- Laboratory of Nanostructures, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.-S.); (J.W.); (A.O.); (S.G.); (W.L.)
| | - Witold Lojkowski
- Laboratory of Nanostructures, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.-S.); (J.W.); (A.O.); (S.G.); (W.L.)
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Li M, Wang D, He J, Chen L, Li H. Bcl-X L: A multifunctional anti-apoptotic protein. Pharmacol Res 2020; 151:104547. [PMID: 31734345 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-XL) is one of the anti-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family that is localized in the mitochondria. Bcl-XL is one of the key regulators of apoptosis that can also regulate other important cellular functions. Bcl-XL is overexpressed in many cancers, and its inhibitors have shown good therapeutic effects. Bcl-XL interacts with Beclin 1, a key factor regulating autophagy. Bcl-XL is essential for the survival of neurons and plays protective roles in neuronal injuries. It can promote the growth of neurons and the correct formation of neural networks, enhance synaptic plasticity, and control neurotoxicity. Bcl-XL can also promote the transport of Ca2+ to mitochondria, increase the production of ATP, and improve metabolic efficiency. In addition, targeting Bcl-XL has shown potential value in autoimmune diseases and aging. In this review, we summarize the functions of Bcl-XL in cancer, autophagy, Ca2+ signaling, neuroprotection, neuronal growth and synaptic plasticity, energy metabolism, immunity, and senescence as revealed by investigations conducted in the past 10 years. Moreover, we list some inhibitors that have been developed based on the functions of Bcl-XL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dun Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jianhua He
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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