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Santos BC, Alves LF, Rocha VS, Hernandez-Ruiz Á, Silva AMO, Pires LV. Effectiveness of Health Action Interventions in Enhancing Diet Quality and Glycemic Control Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae071. [PMID: 38894637 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Diet quality is directly related to glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The use of dietary indices can provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between diet quality and clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the relationship between diet quality, measured using dietary indices, and its impact on improving glycemic control in individuals with T2DM through health interventions. DATA SOURCE This study was conducted using 6 databases, including Web of Science, MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Bireme, Scopus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), as well as the gray literature (Google Academic). DATA EXTRACTION Randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effectiveness of health interventions in adult and older adult individuals with T2DM and presented data on diet quality evaluated using dietary indices and the percentage of glycated hemoglobin (%HbA1c) were included. DATA ANALYSIS A total of 3735 articles were retrieved, 4 of which were included in the study selection stages. The quality indices assessed in the studies were the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010), Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), and Diet Quality Index-Revised (DQI-R). A reduction in %HbA1c was observed in 2 studies, which correlated with the AHEI and DQI-I scores in the intervention groups. The approach of using food labels to improve diet quality reduced %HbA1c by 0.08% in the intervention group compared with the control group. Only 1 study found no significant association between the DQI-R index and %HbA1c. Additionally, negative correlations were observed between body weight and the AHEI and DQI-I scores. CONCLUSION Health interventions improved diet quality, glycemic control, and weight loss in individuals with T2DM. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO no. CRD42023430036.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz C Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49107-230, Brazil
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49107-230, Brazil
| | - Luana F Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49107-230, Brazil
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49107-230, Brazil
| | - Vivianne S Rocha
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe 49400-000, Brazil
| | - Ángela Hernandez-Ruiz
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47005, Spain
| | - Ana Mara O Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49107-230, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-100, Brazil
| | - Liliane V Pires
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49107-230, Brazil
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49107-230, Brazil
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Buscemi C, Randazzo C, Barile AM, Bo S, Ponzo V, Caldarella R, Malavazos AE, Caruso R, Colombrita P, Lombardo M, Buscemi S. Factors associated with body weight gain and insulin-resistance: a longitudinal study. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:21. [PMID: 38649714 PMCID: PMC11035547 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is the result of energy intake (EI) chronically exceeding energy expenditure. However, the potential metabolic factors, including insulin resistance, remain unclear. This study longitudinally investigated factors associated with changes in body weight. SUBJECTS A cohort of 707 adults without diabetes were investigated at the 4-year follow-up visit. The habitual intake of energy and macronutrients during the past 12 months was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire for the local population. Homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used as a surrogate measure of insulin resistance. Additionally, PNPLA3 was genotyped. RESULTS Eighty-seven participants were weight gainers (G; cutoff value = 5 kg), and 620 were non-gainers (NG). Initial anthropometric (G vs. NG: age, 44 ± 13 vs 51 ± 13 years, P < 0.001; body mass index, 27.8 ± 6.5 vs 28.1 ± 5.1 kg/m2, P = ns; body weight, 76.7 ± 22.1 vs 74.2 ± 14.7 kg, P = ns; final body weight, 86.3 ± 23.7 vs 72.9 ± 14.2 kg, P < 0.001) and diet characteristics, as well as insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR values, were similar in both groups. Four years later, G showed significantly increased EI, insulin concentrations, and HOMA-IR values. G had a higher prevalence of the PNPLA3 CG and GG alleles than NG (P < 0.05). The presence of G was independently associated with age (OR = 1.031), EI change (OR = 2.257), and unfavorable alleles of PNPLA3 gene (OR = 1.700). Final body mass index, waist circumference, and EI were independently associated with final HOMA-IR (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS EI is associated with body weight gain, and genetic factors may influence the energy balance. Insulin resistance is a consequence of weight gain, suggesting a possible intracellular protective mechanism against substrate overflow. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN15840340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Buscemi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "V. Cervello Hospital", Palermo, Italy
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristiana Randazzo
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Obesity and Metabolic Diseases; AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Barile
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Obesity and Metabolic Diseases; AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Ponzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Rosalia Caldarella
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Unit of Laboratory Medicine, AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Alexis Elias Malavazos
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiovascular Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Caruso
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Piero Colombrita
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Martina Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvio Buscemi
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Obesity and Metabolic Diseases; AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
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Kim HA, Shin HR, Song S. Dietary patterns derived by reduced rank regression are associated with lipid disorders among Korean adults: a cross-sectional analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:25. [PMID: 38263170 PMCID: PMC10804798 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid disorders are a potent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the intake of dietary fatty acids has been closely related to blood lipid levels. Therefore, this cross-sectional study examined the associations between dietary patterns related to fatty acid intake and lipid disorders in Korean adults. METHODS From the 2013-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys data, 8399 men and 11404 women (aged ≥ 19 years) were selected. Reduced rank regression was employed to identify dietary patterns from 26 food groups, aiming to explain the maximum variation in the intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3 fatty acids, and the PUFA/SFA ratio. Associations of quintiles (Q) of dietary pattern scores with lipid disorders were examined using multiple logistic regression stratified by sex. RESULTS Three dietary patterns were identified: dietary pattern 1 showed positive factor loadings for vegetable oils, seasonings, legumes, nuts, and fish; dietary pattern 2 was high in consumption of red meat, bread and snacks, and milk and dairy products; and dietary pattern 3 was rich in fish and milk and dairy products. In men, dietary pattern 3 was inversely associated with elevated triglycerides (Q5 vs. Q1: odds ratio [OR] = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.69-0.97, P-trend = 0.008). In women, dietary pattern 2 was positively associated with elevated total cholesterol (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.12-1.52, P-trend < 0.001) but inversely associated with low HDL-cholesterol (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.59-0.83, P-trend < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this study, dietary patterns explaining the intake of various types of fatty acids were differentially associated with lipid disorders in Korean adults. Dietary pattern characterized by higher intakes of red meat, bread and snacks and milk and dairy products were positively associated with elevated total cholesterol, whereas dietary pattern rich in fish consumption showed an inverse association with elevated triglycerides. These findings could be instrumental in developing dietary guidelines and strategies for preventing and managing lipid disorders in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ran Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - SuJin Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea, 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Santos CFDS, Santos BDC, de Carvalho GB, Oliveira JDS, Santos CB, Reis AR, Santos RKF, Brandão-Lima PN, da Costa SSL, Dos Santos SH, Rocha VDS, Pires LV. Magnesium Status and Dietary Patterns Associated with Glycemic Control in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5152-5161. [PMID: 36807884 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Hypomagnesemia and unhealthy eating patterns are associated with poor glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to associate magnesium status and dietary patterns with glycemic control in T2DM individuals. This cross-sectional study included 147 individuals with T2DM, aged between 19 and 59 years, of both sexes, residents in Sergipe/Brazil. The BMI, waist circumference, %body fat, plasma magnesium, serum glucose, insulin, %HbA1c, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, LDL-c, and HDL-c were analyzed. Eating patterns were identified using a 24-h recall method. Logistic regression models were used to verify the association of magnesium status and dietary patterns with markers of glycemic control by adjusting for sex, age, time of T2DM diagnosis, and BMI. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Magnesium deficiency increased the chance of elevated %HbA1c by 5.893-fold (P = 0.041). Three main dietary patterns were identified: mixed (MDP), unhealthy (UDP), and healthy (HDP). UDP also increased the chance of elevated %HbA1c levels (P = 0.034). T2DM individuals' who presented magnesium deficiency had a higher chance of elevated %HbA1c levels (8.312-fold) and those in the lowest quartile (Q) of the UDP (Q1: P = 0.007; Q2: P = 0.043) had a lower chance of elevated %HbA1c levels. However, the lower quartiles of the HDP were associated with a greater chance of alterations in the %HbA1c level (Q1: P = 0.050; Q2: P = 0.044). No association was observed between MDP and the variables studied. Magnesium deficiency and UDP were associated with a higher chance of inadequate glycemic control in T2DM individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Fontes da Silva Santos
- Nutrition Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Avenue, S/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, ZIP: 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Beatriz da Cruz Santos
- Nutrition Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Avenue, S/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, ZIP: 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Gabrielli Barbosa de Carvalho
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Avenue, S/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, ZIP: 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Nutrition in Public Health Post-Graduation Program, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Souza Oliveira
- Nutrition Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Avenue, S/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, ZIP: 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Batista Santos
- Nutrition Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Avenue, S/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, ZIP: 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Aline Rocha Reis
- Nutrition Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Avenue, S/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, ZIP: 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ramara Kadija Fonseca Santos
- Nutrition Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Avenue, S/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, ZIP: 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Paula Nascimento Brandão-Lima
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Avenue, S/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, ZIP: 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Nutrition in Public Health Post-Graduation Program, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Samir Hipólito Dos Santos
- Chemistry Post-Graduation Program, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Liliane Viana Pires
- Nutrition Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Avenue, S/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, ZIP: 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
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Rojo-López MI, Bermúdez-López M, Castro E, Farràs C, Torres G, Pamplona R, Lecube A, Valdivielso JM, Fernández E, Julve J, Castelblanco E, Franch-Nadal J, Alonso N, Granado-Casas M, Mauricio D. Low adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with increased prevalence and number of atherosclerotic plaques in the ILERVAS cohort. Atherosclerosis 2023; 380:117191. [PMID: 37586219 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Current research on the association between dietary patterns and subclinical atherosclerotic disease (SAD) is still limited, and published results are inconsistent and often consist of small population sizes. We aimed to evaluate the association between the Mediterranean diet (MDiet) and SAD in a large cohort of Mediterranean individuals. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that included 8116 subjects from the ILERVAS cohort. The presence of atherosclerotic plaques (AP) was assessed by ultrasound examination. Adherence to the MDiet was assessed using the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score (MEDAS). Inclusion criteria were subjects with at least one cardiovascular risk factor. Exclusion criteria were a clinical history of diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or a prior cardiovascular event. Bivariable and multivariable models were performed. RESULTS Compared with subjects without SAD, participants with SAD were older and had a higher frequency of smoking habit, hypertension, dyslipidemia, HbA1c and waist circumference. The adjusted multivariable analysis showed that a higher MEDAS was associated with a lower risk of AP (incidence rate ratios [IRR] 0.97, 95% CI [0.96-0.98]; p<0.001). Furthermore, moderate or high adherence to the MDiet was associated with a lower number of AP compared with a low MDiet adherence (IRR 0.90, 95% CI [0.87-0.94]; p<0.001). In both models, female sex was associated with a lower risk of AP. CONCLUSIONS Our findings point to a potentially protective role of MDiet for SAD in a Mediterranean population with low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk. Further research is needed to establish a causal relationship between both variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Idalia Rojo-López
- Research Group of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelino Bermúdez-López
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, IRBLleida, Renal Research Network (RedInRen, ISCIII), Lleida, Spain
| | - Eva Castro
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, IRBLleida, Renal Research Network (RedInRen, ISCIII), Lleida, Spain
| | - Cristina Farràs
- Cappont Primary Care Center. Territorial Management of Lleida, Catalan Institute of Health, Barcelona, Spain; Research Support Unit Lleida, Jordi Gol i Gorina Primary Health Care Research Institute Foundation (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Torres
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Translational Research Group Respiratory Medicine, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Albert Lecube
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Obesity and Metabolism Research Group (ODIM), IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Valdivielso
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, IRBLleida, Renal Research Network (RedInRen, ISCIII), Lleida, Spain
| | - Elvira Fernández
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, IRBLleida, Renal Research Network (RedInRen, ISCIII), Lleida, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Research Group of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esmeralda Castelblanco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA; DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Franch-Nadal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Alonso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Minerva Granado-Casas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Lleida, Health Care Research Group (GRECS), IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Dídac Mauricio
- Research Group of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic (UVIC/UCC), Vic, Spain.
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Richardson LA, Izuora K, Basu A. Mediterranean Diet and Its Association with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912762. [PMID: 36232062 PMCID: PMC9566634 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and is interrelated to stroke, heart attack, and heart failure. The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) has been closely associated with reduced CVD morbidity and mortality, but research is not well explored for this relationship in individuals with diabetes (who experience greater CVD morbidity and mortality than individuals without diabetes). The aim of this review was to explore the literature related to the MedDiet and atherosclerosis and associated risk factors in individuals with and without diabetes. In total, 570 articles were identified, and 36 articles were included. The articles were published between 2011 and 2021. Platforms used for the search were PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest. Our literature search included clinical and observational studies. Clinical studies revealed the MedDiet was associated with improved biomarkers, plaque, and anthropometric measurements that are associated with atherosclerosis and CVD. Observational studies identified associations between the MedDiet and lower presence of atherosclerosis, improved vascular aging, and increased endothelial progenitor cells. However, most of the studies took place in Mediterranean countries. Further research is needed to better understand the long-term effects the MedDiet on atherosclerosis and its associated risk factors in diverse populations to include individuals with and without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Ann Richardson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Kenneth Izuora
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
| | - Arpita Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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Lubawy M, Formanowicz D. Insulin Resistance and Urolithiasis as a Challenge for a Dietitian. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127160. [PMID: 35742405 PMCID: PMC9223170 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Many obesity and diet-related diseases have been observed in recent years. Insulin resistance (IR), a state of tissue resistance to insulin due to its impaired function, is a common coexisting condition. The most important predisposing factors are excessive visceral fat and chronic low-grade inflammatory response. However, IR’s pathogenesis is not fully understood. Hence, the diagnosis of IR should be carried out carefully because many different diagnostic paths do not always give equivalent results. An additional disease that is often associated with IR is urolithiasis. The common feature of these two conditions is metabolic acidosis and mild inflammation. A patient diagnosed with IR and urolithiasis is a big challenge for a dietitian. It is necessary to check a thorough dietary history, make an appropriate anthropometric measurement, plan a full-fledged diet, and carry out the correct nutritional treatment. It is also essential to conduct proper laboratory diagnostics to plan nutritional treatment, which is often a big challenge for dietitians. The diet’s basic assumptions are based on the appropriate selection of carbohydrates, healthy fats, and wholesome protein sources. It is also essential to properly compose meals, prepare them, and plan physical activities tailored to the abilities. The study aims to summarise the necessary information on IR with concomitant urolithiasis, which may be helpful in dietary practice.
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Ushula TW, Mamun A, Darssan D, Wang WY, Williams GM, Whiting SJ, Najman JM. Dietary patterns and the risks of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance among young adults: Evidence from a longitudinal study. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1523-1531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ushula TW, Mamun A, Darssan D, Wang WYS, Williams GM, Whiting SJ, Najman JM. Dietary patterns and the risk of abnormal blood lipids among young adults: A prospective cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1165-1174. [PMID: 35260316 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The extent to which dietary patterns influence the risk of abnormal blood lipids throughout young adulthood remains unclear. The aim was to investigate whether early young adulthood dietary patterns predict the risk of abnormal blood lipids during later young adulthood. METHODS AND RESULTS We used data from a long running birth cohort study in Australia. Western dietary pattern rich in meats, processed foods and high-fat dairy products and prudent pattern rich in fruit, vegetables, fish, nuts, whole grains and low-fat dairy products were derived using principal component analysis at the 21-year follow-up from dietary data obtained using a food frequency questionnaire. After 9-years, fasting blood samples of all participants were collected and their total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterols and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured. Abnormal blood lipids were based on clinical cut-offs for total, LDL and HDL cholesterols, and TG and relative distributions for total:HDL and TG:HDL cholesterols ratios. Log-binomial models were used to estimate risk of each outcome in relation to dietary patterns. Greater adherence to the Western pattern predicted increased risks of high LDL (RR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.06, 2.03) and TG (1.90; 1.25, 2.86), and high ratios of total:HDL (1.48; 1.00, 2.19) and TG:HDL (1.78; 1.18, 2.70) cholesterols in fully adjusted models. Conversely, a prudent pattern predicted reduced risks of low HDL (0.58; 0.42, 0.78) and high TG (0.66; 0.47, 0.92) and high total:HDL (0.71; 0.51, 0.98) and TG:HDL (0.61; 0.45, 0.84) cholesterols ratios. CONCLUSION This is the first prospective study to show greater adherence to unhealthy Western diet predicted increased risks of abnormal blood lipids, whereas healthy prudent diet predicted lower such risks in young adults. Addressing diets in early course may improve cardiovascular health of young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolassa W Ushula
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 266 Herston Rd, Herston QLD 4006, Australia; Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Abdullah Mamun
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, 80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly QLD 4068, Australia; The ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, 80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly QLD 4068, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Darsy Darssan
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 266 Herston Rd, Herston QLD 4006, Australia
| | - William Y S Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gail M Williams
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 266 Herston Rd, Herston QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Susan J Whiting
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jake M Najman
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 266 Herston Rd, Herston QLD 4006, Australia
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10
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Pennisi G, Di Marco V, Buscemi C, Mazzola G, Randazzo C, Spatola F, Craxì A, Buscemi S, Petta S. Interplay between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk in an asymptomatic general population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:2389-2396. [PMID: 33871081 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide leading also to a higher risk of cardiovascular events. We aimed to evaluate the impact of fatty liver and fibrosis on cardiovascular risk in a general population. METHODS Five hundred and forty-two subjects included in the community-based ABCD (Alimentazione, Benessere Cardiovascolare e Diabete) study were recruited. Steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter > 288 dB/m) and severe fibrosis (low risk, liver stiffness measurement [LSM] < 7.9 KPa with M probe and < 5.7 KPa with XL probe; intermediate risk, LSM 7.9-9.5 KPa with M probe and 5.7-9.2 KPa with XL probe; high risk, LSM ≥ 9.6 KPa with M probe and ≥ 9.3 KPa with XL probe) were assessed with FibroScan. Cardiovascular risk was evaluated by the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk estimator and defined low if < 5%, borderline if 5-7.4%, intermediate if 7.5-19.9% and high if ≥ 20%. Intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured with ultrasound. RESULTS Prevalence of steatosis and of severe fibrosis in this cohort was 31.7% and 4.8%, respectively. ASCVD score was evaluated in patients with and without steatosis and according to the risk of severe fibrosis. By ordinal regression analysis, both steatosis (odds ratio [OR] 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-2.33, P = 0.009) and severity of fibrosis (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.18-2.36, P = 0.003) were independent risk factors for a higher ASCVD risk after adjusting for obesity. Subjects with NAFLD, when compared with those without, did not differ for IMT (0.75 vs 0.72 mm; P = 0.11) and IMT ≥ 1 mm (15.6% vs 12.1%; P = 0.24). Higher prevalence of IMT ≥ 1 mm was found in patients at high or intermediate risk of severe fibrosis (24% and 28.6%, respectively) compared with those at low risk (12.1%) (P = 0.03); this association was maintained after adjusting for confounders (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.01-2.86, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION In the setting of a general adult population, the presence of NAFLD and severe fibrosis are associated with to a higher cardiovascular risk profile, pointing towards the need for specific preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Pennisi
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Childhood, Internal and Specialized Medicine of Excellence (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Di Marco
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Childhood, Internal and Specialized Medicine of Excellence (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carola Buscemi
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Childhood, Internal and Specialized Medicine of Excellence (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mazzola
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother Child Care "Giuseppe D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristiana Randazzo
- Endocrine Diseases, Replacement and Nutrition Unit, Policlinico P. Giaccone Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Spatola
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Childhood, Internal and Specialized Medicine of Excellence (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Craxì
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Childhood, Internal and Specialized Medicine of Excellence (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvio Buscemi
- Endocrine Diseases, Replacement and Nutrition Unit, Policlinico P. Giaccone Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Childhood, Internal and Specialized Medicine of Excellence (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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11
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Influence of Habitual Dairy Food Intake on LDL Cholesterol in a Population-Based Cohort. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020593. [PMID: 33670170 PMCID: PMC7916907 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cholesterol has a pivotal role in human physiology, exerting both structural and functional activity. However, higher blood cholesterol levels, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), are a major cardiovascular risk factor. Therefore, special attention has been given to the effect of dietary factors in influencing LDL-C blood levels. In particular, much research has focused on dairy products, since they are a main component of different dietary patterns worldwide. A large body of evidence did not support the hypothesis that dairy products significantly increase circulating LDL-C, but no definitive data are available. Hence, we aimed to assess the relationships among LDL-C, habitual dairy food intake and anthropometric variables in a cohort representative of the general population in a Mediterranean area. Methods: We evaluated 802 healthy adults included in the ABCD_2 (Alimentazione, Benessere Cardiovascolare e Diabete) study (ISRCTN15840340), a longitudinal observational single-center study of a cohort representative of the general population of Palermo, Sicily. The habitual intake of dairy products was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire, and LDL-C serum levels and several anthropometric parameters were measured. Results: The group with high LDL-C serum concentrations (≥130 vs. <130 mg/dL) exhibited higher age, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, carotid intima-media thickness and glycated hemoglobin. The habitual diet was not different between the groups in terms of macronutrient, cholesterol, egg and dairy food intake, with the exception of the weekly number of portions of milk (higher in the low LDL-C group vs. the high LDL-C group) and ricotta cheese (higher in the high LDL-C group vs. the LDL-C group). No significant correlation was found between LDL-C blood levels and the habitual intake of dairy products or the dietary intake of cholesterol and fats. The multivariate regression analyses (R2 = 0.94) showed that LDL-C blood levels were significantly associated with the habitual intake of milk (p < 0.005) and ricotta cheese (p < 0.001) and with BMI (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study reported that total dairy food consumption was not correlated with LDL-C blood levels. However, multivariate analyses showed an inverse association between serum LDL-C and milk intake as well as a positive association between ricotta cheese intake and LDL-C concentrations. More studies are needed to better characterize the relationship between dairy products and circulating LDL-C.
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12
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Mieziene B, Emeljanovas A, Fatkulina N, Stukas R. Dietary Pattern and Its Correlates among Lithuanian Young Adults: Mediterranean Diet Approach. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2025. [PMID: 32650389 PMCID: PMC7400829 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A poor diet leads to serious health risks and accounts for a significant proportion of deaths. Young adults are the population whose health behaviors particularly need to be studied in terms of nutrition because they are in a period of life when the effects of nutrition accumulate to health outcomes that usually appear later in life in forms of disease or infirmity. The aim of this study is to examine the dietary pattern and its relationships with physical activity and covariates, such as body mass index, gender, age and education among Lithuanian young adults of 18-36 years old. A cross-sectional study was performed among Lithuanian young people aged 18-36 years. Snowball sampling-a non-probability, convenient sampling strategy-was used. In total, data were collected from 3031 study participants: 1723 (56.8%) were male and 1308 (43.2%) were female. The mean age was 23.72 ± 4.80 years. Adherence to a dietary pattern was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Physical activity, height, weight and education data were also gathered. About 7% of young people fully complied with the health-related Mediterranean diet, and one-third had poor compliance. Non-compliance is mostly related to the underconsumption of olive oil, nuts, fish, seafood, legumes and wine, as well as the overconsumption of red meat. The female gender (β = 0.26; p < 0.01), higher education (β = 0.30; p < 0.01) and a sufficient level of physical activity (β = 0.15; p < 0.01) predict a healthier diet. These study results should be considered by nutrition policymakers and public health authorities to improve policies and develop intervention plans for improving the nutrition habits of young adults in order to prevent health-damaging outcomes later in their life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Mieziene
- Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.E.); (N.F.); (R.S.)
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13
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Salomone F, Ivancovsky-Wajcman D, Fliss-Isakov N, Webb M, Grosso G, Godos J, Galvano F, Shibolet O, Kariv R, Zelber-Sagi S. Higher phenolic acid intake independently associates with lower prevalence of insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100069. [PMID: 32195455 PMCID: PMC7078532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims The inverse association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diets rich in fruit and vegetables has been demonstrated, but the specific compounds that may be responsible for this association need to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to test the association between phenolic acid consumption, NAFLD, and insulin resistance (IR). Methods A cross-sectional cohort of individuals included in a metabolic screening program was studied. Liver steatosis was evaluated by ultrasonography and quantified by the hepatorenal index (HRI); fibrosis was assessed by FibroTest; IR by the sample upper quartile of the homeostatic model assessment score. Dietary intake was measured by a food frequency questionnaire. The phenolic acid content of food was calculated according to Phenol-Explorer. Results A total of 789 individuals were included (52.6% men, age 58.83 ± 6.58 years). Higher (above the upper median) phenolic acid intake was inversely associated with the presence of NAFLD (odds ratio [OR] 0.69; 95% CI 0.49–0.98; p = 0.036), higher HRI (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.45–0.91; p = 0.013) and higher IR (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.42–0.87; p = 0.007), when adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, and lifestyle factors. Considering specific classes of phenolic acids, higher hydroxybenzoic acid intake was independently associated with lower odds of NAFLD, higher HRI and fibrosis. Higher hydroxycinnamic acid intake was independently associated with lower odds of IR. Conclusion A higher intake of phenolic acids is associated with a lower prevalence of liver steatosis and IR in a cross-sectional study, suggesting a possible protective effect that requires confirmation in prospective studies. Lay summary High dietary intake of total phenolic acids is associated with a lower prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. A high intake of hydroxybenzoic acids, a class of phenolic acids, is associated with a lower prevalence of steatosis and clinically significant fibrosis, while a high intake of hydroxycinnamic acids, another class of phenolic acids, is associated with a lower prevalence of insulin resistance. High intake of total phenolic acids is associated with a lower prevalence of NAFLD and insulin resistance. High intake of hydroxybenzoic acids is associated with a lower prevalence of steatosis and fibrosis. High intake of hydroxycinnamic acids is associated with lower prevalence of insulin resistance.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- AUS, abdominal ultrasonography
- BMI, body mass index
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- FFQ, food frequency questionnaire
- HOMA, homeostatic model assessment
- HRI, hepatorenal index
- Hb1Ac, glycated hemoglobin
- IR, Insulin resistance
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- OR, odds ratio
- SFAs, saturated fatty acids
- diet
- fibrosis
- insulin resistance
- metabolic syndrome
- phenolic acids
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Salomone
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ospedale di Acireale, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Naomi Fliss-Isakov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Muriel Webb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Oren Shibolet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Revital Kariv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shira Zelber-Sagi
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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14
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Maugeri A, Hruskova J, Jakubik J, Hlinomaz O, Medina-Inojosa JR, Barchitta M, Agodi A, Vinciguerra M. How dietary patterns affect left ventricular structure, function and remodelling: evidence from the Kardiovize Brno 2030 study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19154. [PMID: 31844105 PMCID: PMC6915714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is still known about the effect of dietary patterns on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Here, we derived dietary patterns by principal component analysis (PCA) and evaluated their association with LV structure, function, and remodelling. Our cross-sectional study included 438 members (aged 25–65 years; 59.1% women) of the Kardiovize Brno 2030 with no history of cardiovascular disease. Two dietary patterns were derived using PCA, namely prudent and western. Primary outcomes were echocardiographic parameters and LV geometric patterns, such as concentric LV remodelling (cLVR), concentric LVH (cLVH), and eccentric LVH (eLVH). Interestingly, participants with high adherence to the prudent dietary pattern had decreased odds of cLVH after adjustment for socio-demographic, clinical and behavioral covariates (OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.08–0.88; p = 0.031). By contrast, several echocardiographic parameters increased with increasing adherence to the western dietary pattern, which resulted in higher odds of cLVH among participants with high adherence (OR = 5.38, 95% CI = 1.17–23.58; p = 0.035). Although our findings may have an immediate relevance for public-health strategies, further large-size prospective studies should be encouraged to better understand the observed association and their causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Maugeri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,International Clinical Research Center, St'Anne University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hruskova
- International Clinical Research Center, St'Anne University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Jakubik
- International Clinical Research Center, St'Anne University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ota Hlinomaz
- International Clinical Research Center, St'Anne University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jose R Medina-Inojosa
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Martina Barchitta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Agodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St'Anne University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
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15
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Bhat S, Mocciaro G, Ray S. The association of dietary patterns and carotid intima-media thickness: A synthesis of current evidence. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:1273-1287. [PMID: 31669106 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Dietary pattern (DP) analysis has emerged as a holistic method to understand the effects of food intake on health outcomes. Though dietary intake has been associated with cardiovascular disease, the association of DPs and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a robust early marker of cardiovascular disease progression has not been comprehensively investigated. This study systematically explores the association of a posteriori and a priori DPs and CIMT. DATA SYNTHESIS Through a systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science, twenty studies that derived DPs using a posteriori or a priori methods with CIMT as an outcome were included. Four cross-sectional studies and 1 cohort paper reported a statistically significant association between increased consumption of 'unhealthy' foods (i.e processed meat, soda drinks and refined grain) and increased CIMT. While four cross-sectional studies reported a statistically significant association of DPs characterized by increased consumption of 'healthy' foods (i.e fruit and vegetables, fish) and decreased CIMT. DPs derived from each study varied depending on derivation method, study design and use of dietary data collection method. CONCLUSION Findings from this review are generally supportive of a trend between DPs with higher consumption of 'healthy' foods and lower consumption of 'unhealthy' foods and decreased CIMT; however, the association was largely not statistically significant. Evidence was overwhelmingly heterogeneous due to differences seen in DPs based on location and culture, sample characteristics and adjustment for confounders. Long-term prospective observational and interventional studies with standardized sample selection and dietary data collection are needed to significantly establish the role of DPs on CIMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bhat
- Division of Health and Social Care Research, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK; NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, CB4 0WS, UK.
| | - G Mocciaro
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK; NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, CB4 0WS, UK
| | - S Ray
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK; NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, CB4 0WS, UK
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16
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Ji X, Leng XY, Dong Y, Ma YH, Xu W, Cao XP, Hou XH, Dong Q, Tan L, Yu JT. Modifiable risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis: a meta-analysis and systematic review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:632. [PMID: 31930033 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Carotid atherosclerosis is a major cause of stroke, but the conclusion about risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis is still controversial. The aim of our present meta-analysis and systematic review was to explore the modifiable risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis. Methods We searched PubMed from January 1962 to October 2018 to include longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. The results were pooled using random effects model. Heterogeneity was measured by I2 statistic and publication bias was assessed by funnel plots. Results A total of 14,700 articles were screened, of which 76 with 27 factors were eligible. Our meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies indicated nine factors (hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypertension, hyperuricemia, smoking, metabolic syndrome, hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes, and higher low density lipoprotein) were significantly associated with the presence of carotid plaque, among which four (hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypertension, and hyperuricemia) could elevate the risk of atherosclerosis by at least 50%; and one factor (hypertension) was associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness. In the systematic review, another five factors [negative emotion, socioeconomic strain, alcohol, air pollution, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)] were also related to the presence of atherosclerosis. The cross-sectional associations with most of the above 14 factors were further confirmed by longitudinal studies. Among them, the managements of 4 factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and OSAS) were indicated to prevent carotid atherosclerosis by cohort studies. Conclusions Effective interventions targeting pre-existing disease, negative emotion, lifestyle and diet may reduce the risk of carotid atherosclerosis. Further good-quality prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ji
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Department of Neurology, Xuchang People's Hospital, Xuchang 461000, China
| | - Xin-Yi Leng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ya-Hui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xi-Peng Cao
- Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiao-He Hou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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17
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Ahmad S, Moorthy MV, Demler OV, Hu FB, Ridker PM, Chasman DI, Mora S. Assessment of Risk Factors and Biomarkers Associated With Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Women Consuming a Mediterranean Diet. JAMA Netw Open 2018; 1:e185708. [PMID: 30646282 PMCID: PMC6324327 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.5708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Higher Mediterranean diet (MED) intake has been associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but limited data are available about the underlying molecular mechanisms of this inverse disease association in human populations. OBJECTIVE To better characterize the relative contribution of traditional and novel factors to the MED-related risk reduction in CVD events in a US population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Using a prospective cohort design, baseline MED intake was assessed in 25 994 initially healthy US women in the Women's Health Study who were followed up to 12 years. Potential mediating effects of a panel of 40 biomarkers were evaluated, including lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, inflammation, glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, branched-chain amino acids, small-molecule metabolites, and clinical factors. Baseline study information and samples were collected between April 30, 1993, and January 24, 1996. Analyses were conducted between August 1, 2017, and October 30, 2018. EXPOSURES Intake of MED is a 9-category measure of adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern. Participants were categorized into 3 levels based on their adherence to the MED. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incident CVD confirmed through medical records and the proportion of CVD risk reduction explained by mediators. RESULTS Among 25 994 women (mean [SD] age, 54.7 [7.1] years), those with low, middle, and upper MED intakes composed 39.0%, 36.2%, and 24.8% of the study population and experienced 428 (4.2%), 356 (3.8%), and 246 (3.8%) incident CVD events, respectively. Compared with the reference group who had low MED intake, CVD risk reductions were observed for the middle and upper groups, with respective HRs of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.67-0.90) and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.61-0.86) (P for trend < .001). The largest mediators of the CVD risk reduction of MED intake were biomarkers of inflammation (accounting for 29.2% of the MED-CVD association), glucose metabolism and insulin resistance (27.9%), and body mass index (27.3%), followed by blood pressure (26.6%), traditional lipids (26.0%), high-density lipoprotein measures (24.0%) or very low-density lipoprotein measures (20.8%), with lesser contributions from low-density lipoproteins (13.0%), branched-chain amino acids (13.6%), apolipoproteins (6.5%), or other small-molecule metabolites (5.8%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, higher MED intake was associated with approximately one-fourth relative risk reduction in CVD events, which could be explained in part by known risk factors, both traditional and novel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafqat Ahmad
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Preventive Medicine Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M. Vinayaga Moorthy
- Preventive Medicine Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olga V. Demler
- Preventive Medicine Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Preventive Medicine Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Preventive Medicine Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samia Mora
- Preventive Medicine Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Coronary artery stenosis and associations with indicators of anthropometric and diet in patients undergoing coronary angiography. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2018; 17:203-210. [PMID: 30918856 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-018-0362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Coronary artery diseases (CAD) are one of the major causes of mortality, which is related to the nutritional status and anthropometric indices of individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between anthropometric indices, the type of protein consumption in meat group and vegetable consumption with coronary artery stenosis. Methods This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Shariati Hospital in Tehran in 2016. Out of the patients undergoing coronary angiography, 208 cases were assigned to participate in the study of simple random sampling. The required data were collected by Food Frequency questionnaire (FFQ), anthropometric indices and physical activity questionnaire. SPSS software (version #21) was used for statistical analysis. Results The number of coronary arteries with more than 50% stenosis was increased by high consumption of red meat (P = 0.014), egg (P = 0.006) and chicken (P = 0.030) and low consumption of legume (P = 0.000), soybean (P = 0.002) and vegetables (P = 0.003). Also, the consumption of garlic and onion was associated with a decrease in the severity of stenosis in left anterior descending (LAD) (P = 0.036), and right coronary artery (RCA) (P = 0.033). There was a significant and positive correlation among waist circumference, wrist circumference and body mass index in patients with coronary artery stenosis and a negative correlation between the height of the patient and the history of previous angiography. Conclusion High consumption of vegetable proteins, vegetables, maintaining BMI and waist circumference in the normal range, were associated with reduced severity of coronary artery stenosis. In addition high consumption of red meat, chicken and egg is associated with higher severity and number of coronary stenosis.
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Petta S, Di Marco V, Pipitone RM, Grimaudo S, Buscemi C, Craxì A, Buscemi S. Prevalence and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by transient elastography: Genetic and metabolic risk factors in a general population. Liver Int 2018; 38:2060-2068. [PMID: 29577560 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The worldwide spread of obesity is leading to a dramatic increase in the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its complications. We aimed to evaluate both prevalence and factors associated with NAFLD in a general population in a Mediterranean area. METHODS We considered 890 consecutive individuals included in the community-based ABCD (Alimentazione, Benessere Cardiovascolare e Diabete) study (ISRCTN15840340). Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were measured with FibroScan. Participants were genotyped for PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926 variants. RESULTS The prevalence of NAFLD in the cohort was 48%. NAFLD participants exhibited elevated LSM values, suggesting advanced fibrosis (6.5% of cases). Both NAFLD and advanced fibrosis were independently associated with traditional risk factors (NAFLD: age >50 years, obesity, hypertension, elevated ALT and low HDL-cholesterol serum concentrations. Advanced fibrosis: IFG/diabetes, elevated ALT serum concentrations). A high prevalence (>60%) of NAFLD was found in obese people, while it varied widely in non-obese people according to the presence of metabolic risk factors. PNPLA3 G variant (OR = 1.33, 95% C.I. = 1.01-1.8; P < .05) was independently associated with NAFLD. Prevalence of advanced fibrosis (high LSM values) ranged from 3.4% (no risk factors) to 60% (presence of all risk factors). TM6SF2 T variant (OR = 3.06, 95% C.I. = 1.08-8.65, P < .05) was independently associated with advanced fibrosis (high LSM values). CONCLUSIONS In a cohort of a general population, the prevalence of NAFLD was very high, and among NAFLD patients a significant proportion had advanced fibrosis (high LSM values). Apart from traditional risk factors, genetic factors may have a significant role that needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Petta
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Di Marco
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Maria Pipitone
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Grimaudo
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carola Buscemi
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Craxì
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvio Buscemi
- Unit of Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy.,Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Maddock J, Ambrosini GL, Griffin JL, West JA, Wong A, Hardy R, Ray S. A dietary pattern derived using B-vitamins and its relationship with vascular markers over the life course. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:1464-1473. [PMID: 30005901 PMCID: PMC6546956 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Diet may influence vascular function through elevated homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations. However the relationship between dietary patterns (DP), characterised by Hcy and its associated nutrients is unknown. Objective To identify a DP characterised by plasma Hcy, dietary folate and dietary vitamin B12, and examine its associations with two markers of vascular function: carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Methods 1562 participants of the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD), a British birth cohort, with dietary data measured at least once between 36 and 60–64 years, and cIMT or PWV measured at 60–64 years were included. DPs were derived using reduced rank regression with three intermediate variables: 1) plasma Hcy (μmol/L) 2) folate intake (μg/1000 kcal) 3) vitamin B12 intake (μg/1000 kcal). Multiple regression models assessed associations between the derived DP z-scores and vascular function adjusting for dietary misreporting, socioeconomic position, BMI, smoking, physical activity and diabetes. Results A DP explaining the highest amount of shared variation (4.5%) in plasma Hcy, dietary folate and dietary vitamin B12 highly correlated with folate (r = 0.96), moderately correlated with vitamin B12 (r = 0.27), and weakly correlated with Hcy (r = 0.10). This “high B-vitamin” DP (including folate) was characterised by high intakes of vegetables, fruit and low fibre breakfast cereal, and low intakes of processed meat, white bread, sugar and preserves. No associations were observed between DP z-scores and vascular function at any time point following adjustment for covariates. Conclusion This study explored a specific hypothesised pathway linking diet to vascular function. Although we found no consistent evidence for an association between a high B-vitamin DP and vascular function, we did observe an association with CRP and triglycerides in secondary analyses. Further analyses using strongly correlated and biologically relevant intermediate variables are required to refine investigations into diet and CVD in longitudinal cohort data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Maddock
- MRC Lifelong Health & Ageing at UCL, 33 Bedford Place, London WC1 B5JU, United Kingdom; MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 9NL, United Kingdom; NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health (Affiliated with: Cambridge University Health Partners, Wolfson College Cambridge and the British Dietetic Association), St John's Innovation Centre, Cowley Road, Cambridge CB4 0WS, United Kingdom.
| | - Gina L Ambrosini
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 9NL, United Kingdom; School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - James A West
- Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Lifelong Health & Ageing at UCL, 33 Bedford Place, London WC1 B5JU, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- MRC Lifelong Health & Ageing at UCL, 33 Bedford Place, London WC1 B5JU, United Kingdom
| | - Sumantra Ray
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 9NL, United Kingdom; NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health (Affiliated with: Cambridge University Health Partners, Wolfson College Cambridge and the British Dietetic Association), St John's Innovation Centre, Cowley Road, Cambridge CB4 0WS, United Kingdom.
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Buscemi S, Massenti FM, Vasto S, Galvano F, Buscemi C, Corleo D, Barile AM, Rosafio G, Rini N, Giordano C. Association of obesity and diabetes with thyroid nodules. Endocrine 2018; 60:339-347. [PMID: 28836113 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM There are conflicting data concerning the possibility that obesity and diabetes raise the risk of thyroid nodules. The incidence of thyroid nodules is increasing, as is that of obesity and diabetes; therefore, understanding whether these metabolic and nutritional disorders influence nodular thyroid disease is important for organizing prevention strategies. This study investigated the association between thyroid nodules, obesity, diabetes, and dietary habits. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort of randomly selected adults (455 males, 746 females; age: 18-90 years) living in Palermo (Italy), a mild iodine deficiency area, was cross-sectionally investigated. Participants underwent high-resolution ultrasonographic evaluation of the thyroid, and answered a food frequency questionnaire. Laboratory blood measurements were obtained in 587 participants. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Thyroid nodules were detected in 475 (39.5%) participants. The number of thyroid nodules was correlated with age (r = 0.19; P < 0.001), gender (r = 0.08; P = 0.005), and body mass index (r = 0.07; P = 0.02). No significant correlation was observed between the number of nodules and glycated hemoglobin, serum insulin concentrations, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Age-adjusted and gender-adjusted prevalence of both overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes of each group of participants divided according to the number of nodules significantly increased with the number of nodules (P < 0.05 in both cases). The group of participants with nodules exhibited a significantly lower age-adjusted and gender-adjusted habitual intake of milk (P = 0.02). Multivariate regression analysis showed that age, gender, body mass index, diabetes, and habitual consumption of milk were independently correlated with presence of thyroid nodules. CONCLUSION This study seems to indicate that an association exists between obesity, diabetes, and thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Buscemi
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS) - University of Palermo (Italy), Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
- Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Nutrizione Clinica - AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy.
| | - Fatima Maria Massenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile - University of Palermo, (Italy) - AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonya Vasto
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo (Italy), Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Catania (Italy), Catania, Italy
| | - Carola Buscemi
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS) - University of Palermo (Italy), Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Nutrizione Clinica - AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Davide Corleo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS) - University of Palermo (Italy), Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Nutrizione Clinica - AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Barile
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS) - University of Palermo (Italy), Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Nutrizione Clinica - AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rosafio
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS) - University of Palermo (Italy), Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Nutrizione Clinica - AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Rini
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS) - University of Palermo (Italy), Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Nutrizione Clinica - AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS) - University of Palermo (Italy), Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Sezione di Malattie Cardio-Respiratorie ed Endocrino-Metaboliche, Roma, Italy
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Grimaldi M, Ciano O, Manzo M, Rispoli M, Guglielmi M, Limardi A, Calatola P, Lucibello M, Pardo S, Capaldo B, Riccardi G. Intensive dietary intervention promoting the Mediterranean diet in people with high cardiometabolic risk: a non-randomized study. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:219-226. [PMID: 29218417 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-017-1078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mediterranean diet (MD) is acknowledged to exert a number of beneficial health effects. We assessed the efficacy and the durability of a 3-month intensive dietary intervention aimed at implementing the MD on body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in subjects at high risk. METHODS One hundred and sixteen subjects participated in the study (71 assigned to the intensive intervention and 45 to the conventional intervention). The intensive intervention consisted of 12 weekly group educational meetings and a free-of-charge supply of meals prepared according to the MD model. The conventional intervention consisted of an individual education session along with monthly reinforcements of nutritional messages by the general practitioner. All participants were followed up for 9 months. RESULTS The two groups had similar pre-intervention characteristics. After the intervention, mean body weight decreased significantly in both groups (p < 0.001). However, the intervention group lost more weight (6.8 ± 4.0 vs. 0.7 ± 1.3, p < 0.0001) and showed a greater reduction in plasma glucose, triglycerides, blood pressure and an increase in HDL cholesterol than the control group (p < 0.01-p < 0.002). In the subgroup of participants with type 2 diabetes, there was a significant reduction in HbA1c level following the intensive (p < 0.0001) but not the conventional intervention. At follow-up, weight loss still persisted in the intervention group (p < 0.0001), while it was lost in the control group. Both interventions significantly reduced blood pressure in the long term (p < 0.001). A significant reduction in daily total energy intake was observed in both groups with a greater reduction in saturated fat and a higher increase in fibre intake in the intervention than in the control group (p < 0.009 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A 3-month intensive dietary intervention inspired to the traditional MD produced greater and more durable weight loss and improvement in cardiometabolic risk profile than the conventional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grimaldi
- Azienda Sanitaria Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - O Ciano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - M Manzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - M Rispoli
- Azienda Sanitaria Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - A Limardi
- Azienda Sanitaria Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - P Calatola
- Azienda Sanitaria Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - M Lucibello
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - S Pardo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - B Capaldo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - G Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Vasto S, Accardi G, Aiello A, Di Gaudio F, Barera A, Indelicato S, Galimberti D, Italiano E, Monastero R, Rizzo C, Caruso C, Candore G. Dietary Supplements as Surrogate of Mediterranean Diet in Healthy Smoking Subjects. Rejuvenation Res 2018; 21:37-43. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2017.1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Vasto
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology “Alberto Monroy”, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Gaudio
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
- Quality Control Laboratories and Chemical Risk, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Barera
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Indelicato
- Quality Control Laboratories and Chemical Risk, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Emilio Italiano
- Operative Unit of Urology, Hospital “Villa Sofia-Cervello,” Piazzetta Salerno, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Monastero
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Rizzo
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Italian Association of Anti-Ageing Physicians, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Grosso G, Marventano S, Yang J, Micek A, Pajak A, Scalfi L, Galvano F, Kales SN. A comprehensive meta-analysis on evidence of Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease: Are individual components equal? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3218-3232. [PMID: 26528631 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1107021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have reported that higher adherence to Mediterranean diet may decrease cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. We performed a meta-analysis to explore the association in prospective studies and randomized control trials (RCTs) between Mediterranean diet adherence and CVD incidence and mortality. The PubMed database was searched up to June 2014. A total of 17 studies were extracted and 11 qualified for the quantitative analysis. Individuals in the highest quantile of adherence to the diet had lower incidence [relative risk (RR): 0.76, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.68, 0.83] and mortality (RR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.83) from CVD compared to those least adherent. A significant reduction of risk was found also for coronary heart disease (CHD) (RR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.86), myocardial infarction (MI) (RR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.83), and stroke (RR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.96) incidence. Pooled analyses of individual components of the diet revealed that the protective effects of the diet appear to be most attributable to olive oil, fruits, vegetables, and legumes. An average reduced risk of 40% for the aforementioned outcomes has been retrieved when pooling results of RCTs. A Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with lower risks of CVD incidence and mortality, including CHD and MI. The relative effects of specific food groups should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- a Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna , Catania , Italy
| | - Stefano Marventano
- b Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences, and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia," Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Justin Yang
- c Department of Environmental Health , Environmental & Occupational Medicine & Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.,d St. Elizabeth's Medical Center , Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Agnieszka Micek
- e Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Krakow , Poland
| | - Andrzej Pajak
- e Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Krakow , Poland
| | - Luca Scalfi
- f Department of Food Science , "Federico II" University Medical School , Naples , Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- g Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Stefanos N Kales
- c Department of Environmental Health , Environmental & Occupational Medicine & Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.,h The Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , Massachusetts , USA
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Rosato V, Temple NJ, La Vecchia C, Castellan G, Tavani A, Guercio V. Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Nutr 2017; 58:173-191. [PMID: 29177567 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide evidence of the relationship of Mediterranean diet (MD) on incidence/mortality for cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary/ischemic heart disease (CHD)/acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke (ischemic/hemorrhagic) by sex, geographic region, study design and type of MD score (MDS). METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Pooled relative risks (RRs) were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS We identified 29 articles. The RR for the highest versus the lowest category of the MDS was 0.81 (95% CI 0.74-0.88) for the 11 studies that considered unspecified CVD, consistent across all strata. The corresponding pooled RR for CHD/AMI risk was 0.70 (95% CI 0.62-0.80), based on 11 studies. The inverse relationship was consistent across strata of study design, end point (incidence and mortality), sex, geographic area, and the MDS used. The overall RR for the six studies that considered unspecified stroke was 0.73 (95% CI 0.59-0.91) for the highest versus the lowest category of the MDS. The corresponding values were 0.82 (95% CI 0.73-0.92) for ischemic (five studies) and 1.01 (95% CI 0.74-1.37) for hemorrhagic stroke (four studies). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate and further quantify that MD exerts a protective effect on the risk of CVD. This inverse association includes CHD and ischemic stroke, but apparently not hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rosato
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Tavani
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Guercio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Aiello A, Di Bona D, Candore G, Carru C, Zinellu A, Di Miceli G, Nicosia A, Gambino CM, Ruisi P, Caruso C, Vasto S, Accardi G. Targeting Aging with Functional Food: Pasta with Opuntia Single-Arm Pilot Study. Rejuvenation Res 2017; 21:249-256. [PMID: 28851251 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2017.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interventions to extend life span represent the new perspective in aging investigation. Healthy dietary habits are important modifiable factors that can favor a healthy aging phenotype. Many studies have demonstrated benefits for metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus resulting from the traditional Mediterranean foods. Opuntia Ficus Indica (OFI), widespread in the Mediterranean basin, belongs to the Cactaceae family. It is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, products containing extracts from OFI fruits or cladodes have been used to control obesity and other metabolic parameters, such as glycemia and lipid profile. The aim of this study was to analyze the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of pasta with 3% of OFI cladode extracts added to show its beneficial effect in human health. We performed a single arm longitudinal intervention study in 42 healthy volunteers, administrating 500 g/week of this functional pasta for 30 days. Our pasta had antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties with putative effect on the aging process and related metabolic diseases. We also demonstrated a hypoglycemic effect. The results are preliminary, but it is possible to speculate that our pasta could be considered an effective food for the prevention of age-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aiello
- 1 Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Danilo Di Bona
- 2 Department of Emergency and Organ Transplants, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- 1 Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- 3 Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari , Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- 3 Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari , Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Miceli
- 4 Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Aldo Nicosia
- 5 Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Biotechnology, National Research Council-Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment (IAMC-CNR) , Detached Unit of Capo Granitola, Trapani, Italy
| | - Caterina Maria Gambino
- 1 Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Ruisi
- 4 Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- 1 Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonya Vasto
- 6 Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- 1 Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
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27
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Buscemi S, Giordano C. Physical activity and cardiovascular prevention: Is healthy urban living a possible reality or utopia? Eur J Intern Med 2017; 40:8-15. [PMID: 28215975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Favoring correct lifestyles is the most important measure to contrast cardiovascular diseases and the epidemic of high cardiovascular risk conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Lifestyle is a broad expression that includes diet, physical exercise, and psychological and socio-economic factors, each of which must be taken into due consideration because of their intertwining influences, which may be a barrier to healthy changes at both the individual and population levels. While physical activity has probably received less attention in the last decades, it is likely the most important among the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Improving the habitual physical activity level is an achievable goal, and even small improvements may have important favorable effects on health. Strategies at the population level have to be urgently taken, and involve not only public health, but also administrators and politicians, starting from a rethinking of our cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Buscemi
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS) - University of Palermo, Italy; UOC di Endocrinologia, Malattie del Ricambio e della Nutrizione - AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy.
| | - Carla Giordano
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS) - University of Palermo, Italy; UOC di Endocrinologia, Malattie del Ricambio e della Nutrizione - AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
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28
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Godos J, Zappalà G, Bernardini S, Giambini I, Bes-Rastrollo M, Martinez-Gonzalez M. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome occurrence: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 68:138-148. [PMID: 27557591 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1221900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diet plays a role in the onset and progression of metabolic disorders, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to systematically review and conduct a quantitative meta-analysis of results from observational cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies on adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern and risk of MetS. Literature databases including PubMed, SCOPUS and EMBASE were searched from the beginning to May 2016. Eight cross-sectional and four prospective studies were included in this meta-analysis, accounting for a total of 33,847 individuals and 6342 cases of MetS. High adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a risk of MetS (RR: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.71, 0.92). Regarding individual components of the MetS, the inverse associations were significant for waist circumference, blood pressure and low HDL-C levels. In conclusion, adoption of a Mediterranean dietary pattern was associated with lower risk of the MetS and it can be proposed for the primary prevention of the MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Godos
- a Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Gaetano Zappalà
- b Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia" , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- c Division of Clinical Biochemisty and Clinical Molecular Biology , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Ilio Giambini
- d Dipartimento Medicina Laboratorio, Tor Vergata University Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- e Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, School of Medicine , University of Navarra-IDISNA , Pamplona , Spain
- f CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - Miguel Martinez-Gonzalez
- e Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, School of Medicine , University of Navarra-IDISNA , Pamplona , Spain
- f CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
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29
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Buscemi S, Geraci G, Massenti FM, Buscemi C, Costa F, D'Orio C, Rosafio G, Buscemi C, Maniaci V, Parrinello G. Renal function and carotid atherosclerosis in adults with no known kidney disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:267-273. [PMID: 27979705 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A high prevalence of atherosclerotic lesions characterizes patients with chronic kidney disease, though there is little data on the relationship between kidney function and atherosclerotic changes in the healthy population or in people with no known renal impairment. The aim of our study was to analyze, in a comprehensive general population with no known kidney disease, the relationship between renal function and subclinical carotid atherosclerotic damage. METHODS AND RESULTS A general real-life population of 611 participants (233 males and 378 females; age ≥18 years) with no known kidney failure was selected for the study. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated according to the CKD-EPI equation. Carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) and plaques were assessed by duplex Doppler ultrasonography of the carotid vessels. The main laboratory and metabolic parameters were evaluated in all participants. When we divided the overall study population into tertiles according to GFR values (I tertile <85; II tertile: 85-99; III tertile >99 ml/min/1.73 m2), the c-IMT mean values and the prevalence of carotid plaques decreased with the increasing tertile of GFR. On univariate analysis, c-IMT was significantly correlated with eGFR (r = -0.33; p < 0.001), serum creatinine (r = 0.17; p < 0.001), and other variables such as age, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting or random glycemia, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). On multiple regression analysis, serum creatinine was associated with c-IMT (β = 0.069; p = 0.017), independent of other covariates. CONCLUSION Our study seems to suggest the importance of early identification of people with near normal or mildly decreased renal function due to its association with carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Buscemi
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), Italy; Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Nutrizione Clinica, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - G Geraci
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), Italy
| | - F M Massenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - C Buscemi
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), Italy; Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Nutrizione Clinica, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - F Costa
- Servizio di Ingegneria Clinica, Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - C D'Orio
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), Italy; Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Nutrizione Clinica, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - G Rosafio
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), Italy; Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Nutrizione Clinica, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - C Buscemi
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), Italy; Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Nutrizione Clinica, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - V Maniaci
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), Italy; Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Nutrizione Clinica, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - G Parrinello
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), Italy
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Buscemi S, Chiarello P, Buscemi C, Corleo D, Massenti MF, Barile AM, Rosafio G, Maniaci V, Settipani V, Cosentino L, Giordano C. Characterization of Metabolically Healthy Obese People and Metabolically Unhealthy Normal-Weight People in a General Population Cohort of the ABCD Study. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:9294038. [PMID: 28840131 PMCID: PMC5559951 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9294038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is actually no consensus about the possibility that in some instances, obesity may be a benign metabolically healthy (MH) condition as opposed to a normal-weight but metabolically unhealthy (MUH) state. The aim of this study was to characterize MH condition and to investigate possible associations with metabolic and cardiovascular complications. One thousand nineteen people (range of age 18-90 years) of the cohort of the ABCD_2 study were investigated. Participants were classified as normal weight (BMI < 24.9 kg/m2) or overweight-obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2); they were also classified as MH in the presence of 0-1 among the following conditions: (a) prediabetes/type 2 diabetes, (b) hypertension, (c) hypertriglyceridemia or low HDL cholesterolemia, and (d) hypercholesterolemia. MUH condition was diagnosed if ≥2 of the conditions listed were found. The prevalence of overweight/obese people was 71.1%, of whom 27.4% were found to be MH. In addition, 36.7% of the normal-weight participants were MUH. HOMA-IR, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and the carotid intima-media thickness were significantly different in the 4 subgroups (P < 0.001), with higher values observed in the MUH normal-weight and obese groups. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of identifying a MH condition in normal-weight and in obese people in order to offer better treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Buscemi
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Unit of Malattie Endocrine del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, AOU Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
- *Silvio Buscemi:
| | - Pierfilippo Chiarello
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Unit of Malattie Endocrine del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, AOU Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carola Buscemi
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Unit of Malattie Endocrine del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, AOU Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Davide Corleo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Unit of Malattie Endocrine del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, AOU Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Fatima Massenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Barile
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Unit of Malattie Endocrine del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, AOU Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rosafio
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Unit of Malattie Endocrine del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, AOU Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenza Maniaci
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Unit of Malattie Endocrine del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, AOU Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Settipani
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Unit of Malattie Endocrine del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, AOU Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Loretta Cosentino
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Unit of Malattie Endocrine del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, AOU Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Unit of Malattie Endocrine del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, AOU Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
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Grosso G, Marventano S, D'Urso M, Mistretta A, Galvano F. The Mediterranean healthy eating, ageing, and lifestyle (MEAL) study: rationale and study design. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:577-586. [PMID: 27919168 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1262335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence suggesting that Mediterranean lifestyles, including nutrition and sleeping patterns as well as social integration, may play a role in reducing age-related diseases. However, the literature is mostly deficient of evidence provided by Italian Mediterranean islands that more closely adhered to the originally described lifestyles. In this paper, we described the rationale and the study design of the Mediterranean healthy Eating, Ageing, and Lifestyle (MEAL) study, a prospective population-based cohort established in Sicily, southern Italy. The main exposures investigated are classical determinants of health, including demographic, nutritional habits, smoking and physical activity status, as well as eating-related behaviors, sleeping habits, sun exposure, social resources, and perceived stress. Anthropometric measurements will be collected. The main outcomes included depression, quality of life, and, after the follow-up period, also cardiovascular disease and cancer. The MEAL study may provide important data to increase our knowledge regarding the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of age-related disorders in the Mediterranean region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- a Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele , Catania , Italy
| | - Stefano Marventano
- b Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences, and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Public Health , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | | | - Antonio Mistretta
- b Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences, and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Public Health , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- d Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
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Ferranti R, Antoci M, Giorgianni G, Nolfo F, Rametta S, Currenti W, Matalone M, Mistretta A. Diet quality evaluated with the DQI-I and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a Mediterranean sample of adolescents. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-160066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Ferranti
- ATS Brescia. Equipe Territoriale Igiene, Brescia, Italy
| | - M. Antoci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G. Giorgianni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - F. Nolfo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S. Rametta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - M. Matalone
- Department of School Policies, Municipality of Catania, CT, Italy
| | - A. Mistretta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Perales-Torres AL, Castillo-Ruíz O, Castañeda Licón MT, Alemán-Castillo SE, Jiménez Andrade JM. [Diabetes and type of diet as determinant factor in the progression of atherosclerosis]. ARCHIVOS DE CARDIOLOGIA DE MEXICO 2016; 86:326-334. [PMID: 26775035 DOI: 10.1016/j.acmx.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to analyze the biochemical progression of atherosclerotic plaque and its association with diet and diabetes. This study shows the scientific evidence of demonstrating that diabetic patients present high levels of fatty acids like palmitic acid and linoleic acid in their atheroma plaques in comparison with non-diabetic patients. This study also establishes how patients with diabetes mellitus have a higher prevalence of atherosclerotic heart diseases in the form of Coronary Thrombosis and have different anatomopathological appearance like higher necrotic core and thin fibrotic layer than the general population. Furthermore this review describes the different anatomopathological appearance and cellular changes involved in the formation of these plaques and how diet can affect the development of these plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Octelina Castillo-Ruíz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México.
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Levitan EB, Ahmed A, Arnett DK, Polak JF, Hundley WG, Bluemke DA, Heckbert SR, Jacobs DR, Nettleton JA. Mediterranean diet score and left ventricular structure and function: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:595-602. [PMID: 27488238 PMCID: PMC4997295 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.128579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data are limited on the relation between dietary patterns and left ventricular (LV) structure and function. OBJECTIVE We examined cross-sectional associations of a diet-score assessment of a Mediterranean dietary pattern with LV mass, volume, mass-to-volume ratio, stroke volume, and ejection fraction. DESIGN We measured LV variables with the use of cardiac MRI in 4497 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis study who were aged 45-84 y and without clinical cardiovascular disease. We calculated a Mediterranean diet score from intakes of fruit, vegetables, nuts, legumes, whole grains, fish, red meat, the monounsaturated fat:saturated fat ratio, and alcohol that were self-reported with the use of a food-frequency questionnaire. We used linear regression with adjustment for body size, physical activity, and cardiovascular disease risk factors to model associations and assess the shape of these associations (linear or quadratic). RESULTS The Mediterranean diet score had a slight U-shaped association with LV mass (adjusted means: 146, 145, 146, and 147 g across quartiles of diet score, respectively; P-quadratic trend = 0.04). The score was linearly associated with LV volume, stroke volume, and ejection fraction: for each +1-U difference in score, LV volume was 0.4 mL higher (95% CI: 0.0, 0.8 mL higher), the stroke volume was 0.5 mL higher (95% CI: 0.2, 0.8 mL higher), and the ejection fraction was 0.2 percentage points higher (95% CI: 0.1, 0.3 percentage points higher). The score was not associated with the mass-to-volume ratio. CONCLUSIONS A higher Mediterranean diet score is cross-sectionally associated with a higher LV mass, which is balanced by a higher LV volume as well as a higher ejection fraction and stroke volume. Participants in this healthy, multiethnic sample whose dietary patterns most closely conformed to a Mediterranean-type pattern had a modestly better LV structure and function than did participants with less-Mediterranean-like dietary patterns. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005487.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Levitan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL;
| | - Ali Ahmed
- Center for Health and Aging, Washington DC VA Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Donna K Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Joseph F Polak
- Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - W Gregory Hundley
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | - Susan R Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and
| | - Jennifer A Nettleton
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, TX
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Association of meat and dairy consumption with normal weight metabolic obesity in men: the Qazvin Metabolic Diseases Study. Eat Weight Disord 2016; 21:419-425. [PMID: 26729428 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-015-0250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is not limited to obese individuals. Normal weight individuals may also be insulin resistant. The aim of this study was to determine the association of lifestyle and diet patterns with IR in normal weight Iranian men. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in 232 men with a body mass index lower than 25 kg/m(2) (aged 20-72 years old) between September 2010 and April 2011 in Qazvin, Iran. Metabolically obese normal weight (MONW) was defined as IR using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). The optimal cut point to diagnose IR was the 80th percentile of HOMA-IR values in normal subjects. The HOMA-IR cut point was 2.48. Dietary pattern was assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Data were analyzed using backward logistic regression and ANCOVA. RESULTS Fat and meat consumption and energy intake in subjects with MONW were more than subjects without MONW. Each serving of meat consumption was associated with three times increased risk of MONW (OR: 3.06), while each serving of dairy consumption was associated with 56 % lower risk of MONW with borderline significance (OR: 0.64). Adjusted mean of HOMA-IR in the first tertile of dairy consumption was significantly higher than other tertiles. Adjusted HOMA-IR value in the third tertile of meat consumption was significantly higher than the second tertile. CONCLUSION Higher meat consumption was associated with MONW in men. Higher meat consumption and lower dairy consumption were associated with higher means of HOMA-IR.
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Mediterranean diet adherence in children and adolescents in southern European countries. NFS JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Marventano S, Mistretta A, Platania A, Galvano F, Grosso G. Reliability and relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire for Italian adults living in Sicily, Southern Italy. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:857-64. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1198893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Marventano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, Section of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Mistretta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, Section of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
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Mistretta A, Marventano S, Antoci M, Cagnetti A, Giogianni G, Nolfo F, Rametta S, Pecora G, Marranzano M. Mediterranean diet adherence and body composition among Southern Italian adolescents. Obes Res Clin Pract 2016; 11:215-226. [PMID: 27269367 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet has been associated with health benefits in young populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and cardio-metabolic parameters in adolescents living in Sicily, Southern Italy. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted during two school years (2012-2013 and 2013-2014) on 1643 adolescents of 11-16 years attending 15 secondary schools. Socio-demographic, dietary, lifestyle, and anthropometric data were collected. The KIDMED score was used to evaluate the adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Linear and logistic regression models were used to test the association between the variable of interest and the outcomes. RESULTS A higher percentage of boys compared with girls was overweight (30.8% vs. 25.4%) and obese (28.7% vs. 18.5%) and only 9.1% had high adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Vegetable intake was negatively associated with being overweight/obese whereas higher intake of sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages, and fast foods was associated with overweight and obesity. A good adherence to the Mediterranean diet resulted in 30% decreased odds of being overweight or obese (odd ratio 0.70, 95% confidence interval: 0.56-0.87) in both boys and girls. An inverse correlation was found between KIDMED score and BMI, waist circumference and fat mass. No relation with blood pressure was found. CONCLUSIONS Mediterranean dietary pattern resulted significantly associated with weight status in adolescents. These results underline the importance of providing lifestyle and dietary habits education to prevent overweight and obesity in adolescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mistretta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Marventano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Mariagrazia Antoci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Cagnetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giogianni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Nolfo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Rametta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Pecora
- Course of General Medicine Training, Council for Health, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marina Marranzano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Marventano S, Salomone F, Godos J, Pluchinotta F, Del Rio D, Mistretta A, Grosso G. Coffee and tea consumption in relation with non-alcoholic fatty liver and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Clin Nutr 2016; 35:1269-1281. [PMID: 27060021 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Diet plays a role in the onset and progression of metabolic disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to systematically review and perform quantitative analyses of results from observational studies on coffee/tea consumption and NAFLD or MetS. METHODS A Medline and Embase search was performed to retrieve articles published up to March 2015. We used a combination of the keywords "coffee", "caffeine", "tea", "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease", "non-alcoholic steatohepatitis", "metabolic syndrome". Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by random-effects model. RESULTS Seven studies assessed coffee consumption in NAFLD patients. Fibrosis scores were reported in four out of seven; all four studies revealed an inverse association of coffee intake with fibrosis severity, although the lack of comparable exposure and outcomes did not allow to perform pooled analysis. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria to be included in the meta-analysis on coffee consumption and MetS. Individuals consuming higher quantities of coffee were less like to have MetS (RR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79-0.96). However, the association of coffee and individual components of MetS was not consistent across the studies. Pooled analysis of six studies exploring the association between tea consumption and MetS resulted in decreased odds of MetS for individuals consuming more tea (RR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73-0.95). CONCLUSIONS Studies on coffee and NAFLD suggest that coffee consumption could have a protective role on fibrosis. Both coffee and tea consumption are associated with less likelihood of having MetS but further research with better designed studies is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Marventano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federico Salomone
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ospedale di Acireale, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Justyna Godos
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Daniele Del Rio
- Department of Food Science, The ψ2 Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Mistretta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Integrated Cancer Registry (RTI) of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Grosso G, Stepaniak U, Micek A, Topor-Mądry R, Stefler D, Szafraniec K, Bobak M, Pająk A. A Mediterranean-type diet is associated with better metabolic profile in urban Polish adults: Results from the HAPIEE study. Metabolism 2015; 64:738-46. [PMID: 25752843 PMCID: PMC4411218 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Polish arm of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) cohort study. MATERIALS/METHODS A cross-sectional survey including 8821 adults was conducted in Krakow, Poland. Food intake was evaluated through a validated food frequency questionnaire and adherence to the dietary pattern was assessed using a score specifically developed for non-Mediterranean countries (MedTypeDiet score). Linear and logistic regression models were performed to estimate beta and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), respectively. RESULTS Significant associations between the MedTypeDiet score and waist circumference (β=-0.307±0.239cm), systolic blood pressure (β=-0.440±0.428mmHg), and triglycerides (β=-0.021±0.016mmol/L) were observed. After multivariable adjustment, individuals in the highest quartile of the score were less likely to have MetS, central obesity, high triglycerides, and hypertension. Increase of one standard deviation of the score was associated with 7% less odds of having MetS (OR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97). When analyzing the relation of single components of the MedTypeDiet score, wine, dairy products, and the total unsaturated:saturated fatty acids ratio were associated with MetS. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet may decrease the risk of MetS also among non-Mediterranean populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Urszula Stepaniak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Micek
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Roman Topor-Mądry
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Denes Stefler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Krystyna Szafraniec
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrzej Pająk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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Buscemi S, Rosafio G, Vasto S, Massenti FM, Grosso G, Galvano F, Rini N, Barile AM, Maniaci V, Cosentino L, Verga S. Validation of a food frequency questionnaire for use in Italian adults living in Sicily. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:426-38. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1025718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Johnson-Down L, Labonte ME, Martin ID, Tsuji LJS, Nieboer E, Dewailly E, Egeland G, Lucas M. Quality of diet is associated with insulin resistance in the Cree (Eeyouch) indigenous population of northern Québec. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:85-92. [PMID: 25240691 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Indigenous people worldwide have a greater disease burden than their non-aboriginal counterparts with health challenges that include increased obesity and higher prevalence of diabetes. We investigate the relationships of dietary patterns with nutritional biomarkers, selected environmental contaminants and measures of insulin resistance in the Cree (Eeyouch) of northern Québec Canada. METHODS AND RESULTS The cross-sectional 'Nituuchischaayihitaau Aschii: A Multi-Community Environment-and-Health Study in Eeyou Istchee' recruited 835 adult participants (≥18 y) from 7 communities in the James Bay region of northern Québec. The three dietary patterns identified by principal component analysis (PCA) were: inland and coastal patterns with loadings on traditional foods, and a junk food pattern with high-fat and high-sugar foods. We investigated dietary patterns scores (in quantiles) in relation with nutritional biomarkers, environmental contaminants, anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, and insulin resistance. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) was used as surrogate markers of insulin resistance. ANCOVA ascertained relationships between dietary patterns relationship and outcomes. Greater scores for the traditional patterns were associated with higher levels of n-3 fatty acids, mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (P trend <0.001). Higher scores for the junk food pattern were associated with lower levels of PCBs and Vitamin D, but higher fasting plasma insulin and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that poor diet quality accompanied greater insulin resistance. Impacts of diet quality on insulin resistance, as a sign of metabolism perturbation, deserve more attention in this indigenous population with high rates of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Johnson-Down
- Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - M E Labonte
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - I D Martin
- Environment and Resource Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - L J S Tsuji
- Environment and Resource Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - E Nieboer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Dewailly
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada; Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - G Egeland
- Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Lucas
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada; Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
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Buscemi S, Vasto S, Di Gaudio F, Grosso G, Bergante S, Galvano F, Massenti FM, Amodio E, Rosafio G, Verga S. Endothelial function and serum concentration of toxic metals in frequent consumers of fish. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112478. [PMID: 25401695 PMCID: PMC4234466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Consumption of fish is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk, but there is paucity of data concerning its effect on endothelial function. Furthermore, investigation of the effects of fish consumption on health must take into account the ingestion of contaminants, including transition metals and some metalloids, which may have unfavorable effects on health, including those on the cardiovascular system. We investigated the association between fish consumption, endothelial function (flow mediated dilation of the brachial artery), and serum concentration of some toxic metals in apparently healthy people. Methods Twenty-nine high fish consumers (at least 3 portions a week) were compared with 25 low fish consumers (less than 1 portion a week). All participants were free of diabetes, cardiovascular or other systemic diseases. Serum metal (antimonium, arsenic, mercury, lead, cobalt, copper, zinc, selenium, strontium) concentrations were measured in subgroups of 24 high fish consumers and 19 low fish consumers. Results Both groups exhibited similar habitual dietary patterns, age and anthropometric characteristics. The high fish consumers had higher flow mediated dilation (9.7±1.8 vs. 7.3±1.9%; P<0.001), but also higher serum concentrations of mercury (5.87±2.69 vs. 1.65±1.10 mcg/L; P<0.001) and arsenic (6.04±3.25 vs. 2.30±1.58 mcg/L; P<0.001). The fasting plasma glucose concentrations were significantly correlated with both mercury (r = 0.39; P = 0.01) and arsenic concentrations (r = 0.55; P<0.001). Conclusions Habitual consumption of high amounts of fish is associated with better endothelial function despite higher serum concentrations of mercury and arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Buscemi
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica Laboratorio di Nutrizione Clinica, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Sonya Vasto
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Gaudio
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sonia Bergante
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care, Policlinico San Donato, San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fatima Maria Massenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Emanuele Amodio
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rosafio
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica Laboratorio di Nutrizione Clinica, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Verga
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica Laboratorio di Nutrizione Clinica, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Manios Y, Moschonis G, Mavrogianni C, Bos R, Singh-Povel C. Micronutrient intakes among children and adults in Greece: the role of age, sex and socio-economic status. Nutrients 2014; 6:4073-92. [PMID: 25285410 PMCID: PMC4210908 DOI: 10.3390/nu6104073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to report the usual nutrient intakes of sixteen micronutrients by schoolchildren, adults and the elderly in Greece and to further explore the role of age, sex and socio-economic status (SES) on meeting the recommended nutrient intakes. Dietary intake, demographic and SES data from three existing studies conducted in Greece (in 9–13-year-old children; 40–60-year-old adults; and 50–75-year-old women) were collected. The prevalence of study participants with inadequate micronutrient intakes were assessed using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method. Regarding sex and age differences, the highest prevalences of inadequate nutrient intakes occurred in post-menopausal women. In both sexes and all age groups, the prevalence of vitamin D intake below EAR reached 100%. Furthermore, nutrient intakes of 75% or more below EAR were found for vitamin E in all age groups, folate in women and for calcium and magnesium in post-menopausal women (p < 0.05). Regarding SES differences, the prevalences of inadequate calcium and vitamin C intakes were higher for children and postmenopausal women of lower SES compared to their higher SES counterparts (p < 0.05). The current study reported the highest prevalences of inadequate intakes for both sexes and all age and SES groups for calcium, folate and vitamins D and E. These findings could provide guidance to public health policy makers in terms of updating current dietary guidelines and fortifying foods to meet the needs of all population subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El Venizelou Avenue, Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - George Moschonis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El Venizelou Avenue, Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Christina Mavrogianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El Venizelou Avenue, Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Rolf Bos
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, Post Box 1551, Amersfoort 3800 BN, The Netherlands.
| | - Cécile Singh-Povel
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, Post Box 1551, Amersfoort 3800 BN, The Netherlands.
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Vasto S, Buscemi S, Barera A, Di Carlo M, Accardi G, Caruso C. Mediterranean diet and healthy ageing: a Sicilian perspective. Gerontology 2014; 60:508-18. [PMID: 25170545 DOI: 10.1159/000363060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is a common dietary pattern characterizing a lifestyle and culture proven to contribute to better health and quality of life in Mediterranean countries. By analyzing the diet of centenarians from the Sicani Mountains and eating habits of inhabitants of Palermo, it is reported that a close adherence to MedDiet is observed in the countryside, whereas in big towns this adherence is not so close. This has an effect on the rates of mortality at old age (and reciprocally longevity) that are lower in the countryside than in big towns. Concerning the health effects of the diet, the low content of animal protein and the low glycaemic index of the Sicilian MedDiet might directly modulate the insulin/IGF-1 and the mTOR pathways, known to be involved in ageing and longevity. In particular, the reduction of animal protein intake may significantly reduce serum IGF-1 concentrations and inhibit mTOR activity with a down-regulation of the signal that leads to the activation of FOXO3A and, consequently, to the transcription of homeostatic genes that favour longevity. The down-regulation of both IGF-1 and mTORC1 also induces an anti-inflammatory effect. In addition to the effects on sensing pathways, many single components of MedDiet are known to have positive effects on health, reducing inflammation, optimizing cholesterol and other important risk factors of age-related diseases. However, a key role is played by polyphenols represented in high amount in the Sicilian MedDiet (in particular in extra virgin olive oil) that can work as hormetins that provide an environmental chemical signature regulating stress resistance pathways such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Vasto
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Centro Nazionale per le Ricerche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Buscemi S, Sprini D, Grosso G, Galvano F, Nicolucci A, Lucisano G, Massenti FM, Amodio E, Rini GB. Impact of lifestyle on metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy people. Eat Weight Disord 2014; 19:225-32. [PMID: 24696099 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-014-0117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parallel to the increase in obesity, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is continually increasing, with increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular atherosclerosis diseases. Despite the importance of this public health problem, the relative impact of diet and physical activity on MetS prevalence has yet to be established. We investigated the association between lifestyle, in terms of both habitual dietary pattern and physical activity, and MetS in a cohort of adults without known diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Four hundred seventy-seven randomly selected adult participants were cross-sectionally investigated. Each participant answered a food frequency questionnaire and a questionnaire on physical activity, and underwent routine laboratory blood measurements. MetS was identified in 24.7% of the cohort. Dietary patterns were not significantly different (P = 0.31) between the groups (with or without MetS). The habitual physical activity level was significantly lower (P = 0.011) in the group with MetS. In particular, the prevalence of sedentary participants was 58.1% in the group with MetS, and 43.9% in the group without MetS. Multivariate analysis revealed that MetS was associated with age (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.08) and physical activity level (light vs. sedentary: OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.32-0.87; moderate/heavy vs. sedentary: OR = 0.31, 95% CI 0.13-0.75). This study suggests that inadequate physical activity level is associated with MetS. Our results are therefore consonant with the notion of healthier lifestyle changes to counteract the epidemic of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, though adequate interventional trials will be needed in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Buscemi
- Laboratorio di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), Università di Palermo, P. Giaccone Policlinico, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy,
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Genetic and Environmental Relationships Between Change in Weight and Insulin Resistance: The Healthy Twin Study. Twin Res Hum Genet 2014; 17:199-205. [DOI: 10.1017/thg.2014.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the association between weight change from 20 years of age and insulin resistance (IR), and genetic and environmental relationships between these traits. In 594 Korean twins and family members (209 men, 385 women, 44.0 ± 10.8 years old), the percentage of weight change was calculated using self-reported body weight at 20 years of age and currently measured bodyweight. IR traits were assessed using fasting plasma glucose and insulin, the homeostasis model assessment of IR index (HOMA-IR), and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). Linear mixed analysis was applied after adjusting for household, body mass index (BMI) at the age of 20 years, age, sex, alcohol, smoking, physical activity, and caloric intake. Heritabilities and genetic and environmental correlations were estimated after adjusting for covariates. In 55 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for HOMA-IR level by >0.3, a conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted regarding weight change. Increases in glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR and a decrease in QUICKI were associated with a higher percentage of weight change (p < .05). Estimated heritabilities for IR traits were 0.401–0.606 (p < .001). In cross-trait relationships, environmental correlations were -0.43–0.42 (p < .05 for all IR), while genetic correlations were -0.27–0.27 (p < .05 for QUICKI, insulin, and HOMA-IR). In 55 pairs of monozygotic twins, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for having a higher level of HOMA-IR was 1.10 (1.03–1.17) with 1% increase in weight change since 20 years old, after adjusting for lifestyle-related factors. In conclusion, both genetic and environmental influences played significant roles in the positive association between weight change from 20 years of age and IR.
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Buscemi S, Nicolucci A, Lucisano G, Galvano F, Grosso G, Belmonte S, Sprini D, Migliaccio S, Cianferotti L, Brandi ML, Rini GB. Habitual fish intake and clinically silent carotid atherosclerosis. Nutr J 2014; 13:2. [PMID: 24405571 PMCID: PMC3893519 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish consumption is recommended as part of a healthy diet. However, there is a paucity of data concerning the relation between fish consumption and carotid atherosclerosis. We investigated the association between habitual fish consumption and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis, defined as the presence of plaques and/or increased intima-media thickness (≥ 0.90 mm), in non-diabetic participants. METHODS Nine hundred-sixty-one (range of age: 18-89 yrs; 37.1% males) adult participants without clinically known atherosclerotic disease were randomly recruited among the customers of a shopping mall in Palermo, Italy, and cross-sectionally investigated. Each participant answered a food frequency questionnaire and underwent high-resolution ultrasonographic evaluation of both carotid arteries. Routine laboratory blood measurements were obtained in a subsample of 507 participants. RESULTS Based on habitual fish consumption, participants were divided into three groups: non-consumers or consumers of less than 1 serving a week (24.0%), consumers of 1 serving a week (38.8%), and consumers of ≥ 2 servings a week (37.2%). Age-adjusted prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis (presence of plaques or intima media thickness ≥ 0.9 mm) was higher in the low fish consumption group (13.3%, 12.1% and 6.6%, respectively; P = 0.003). Multivariate analysis evidenced that carotid atherosclerosis was significantly associated with age (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.09-1.14), hypertension on pharmacologic treatment (OR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.16-2.82), and pulse pressure (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.01-1.04), while consuming ≥2 servings of fish weekly was protective compared with the condition of consumption of <1 serving of fish weekly (OR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.26-0.80). CONCLUSIONS High habitual fish consumption seems to be associated with less carotid atherosclerosis, though adequate interventional trials are necessary to confirm the role of fish consumption in prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Buscemi
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS) - Laboratorio di Nutrizione Clinica, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Buscemi S, Nicolucci A, Lucisano G, Galvano F, Grosso G, Massenti FM, Amodio E, Bonura A, Sprini D, Rini GB. Impact of chronic diuretic treatment on glucose homeostasis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2013; 5:80. [PMID: 24330854 PMCID: PMC3880098 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-5-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of diuretics for hypertension has been associated with unfavorable changes in cardiovascular risk factors, such as uric acid and glucose tolerance, though the findings in the literature are contradictory. METHODS This study investigated whether diuretic use is associated with markers of metabolic and cardiovascular risk, such as insulin-resistance and uric acid, in a cohort of adults without known diabetes and/or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Nine hundred sixty-nine randomly selected participants answered a questionnaire on clinical history and dietary habits. Laboratory blood measurements were obtained in 507 participants. RESULTS Previously undiagnosed type 2 diabetes was recognized in 4.2% of participants who were on diuretics (n = 71), and in 2% of those who were not (n = 890; P = 0.53). Pre-diabetes was diagnosed in 38% of patients who were on diuretics, and in 17.4% (P < 0.001) of those who were not. Multivariate analysis showed that insulin-resistance (HOMA-IR) was associated with the use of diuretics (P = 0.002) independent of other well-known predisposing factors, such as diet, physical activity, body mass index, and waist circumference. The use of diuretics was also independently associated with fasting plasma glucose concentrations (P = 0.001) and uric acid concentrations (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The use of diuretics is associated with insulin-resistance and serum uric acid levels and may contribute to abnormal glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Buscemi
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS) – Laboratorio di Nutrizione Clinica, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Antonio Nicolucci
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Clinica ed Epidemiologia, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Via Nazionale per Lanciano, 8, S. Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucisano
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Clinica ed Epidemiologia, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Via Nazionale per Lanciano, 8, S. Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Catania, viale Andrea Doria,6, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Catania, viale Andrea Doria,6, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Fatima M Massenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Emanuele Amodio
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Alice Bonura
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS) – Laboratorio di Nutrizione Clinica, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Delia Sprini
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS) – Laboratorio di Nutrizione Clinica, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Giovam B Rini
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS) – Laboratorio di Nutrizione Clinica, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, Palermo 90127, Italy
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