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Chaves-Filho A, Eyres C, Blöbaum L, Landwehr A, Tremblay MÈ. The emerging neuroimmune hypothesis of bipolar disorder: An updated overview of neuroimmune and microglial findings. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1780-1816. [PMID: 38504593 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe and multifactorial disease, with onset usually in young adulthood, which follows a progressive course throughout life. Replicated epidemiological studies have suggested inflammatory mechanisms and neuroimmune risk factors as primary contributors to the onset and development of BD. While not all patients display overt markers of inflammation, significant evidence suggests that aberrant immune signaling contributes to all stages of the disease and seems to be mood phase dependent, likely explaining the heterogeneity of findings observed in this population. As the brain's immune cells, microglia orchestrate the brain's immune response and play a critical role in maintaining the brain's health across the lifespan. Microglia are also highly sensitive to environmental changes and respond to physiological and pathological events by adapting their functions, structure, and molecular expression. Recently, it has been highlighted that instead of a single population of cells, microglia comprise a heterogeneous community with specialized states adjusted according to the local molecular cues and intercellular interactions. Early evidence has highlighted the contribution of microglia to BD neuropathology, notably for severe outcomes, such as suicidality. However, the roles and diversity of microglial states in this disease are still largely undermined. This review brings an updated overview of current literature on the contribution of neuroimmune risk factors for the onset and progression of BD, the most prominent neuroimmune abnormalities (including biomarker, neuroimaging, ex vivo studies) and the most recent findings of microglial involvement in BD neuropathology. Combining these different shreds of evidence, we aim to propose a unifying hypothesis for BD pathophysiology centered on neuroimmune abnormalities and microglia. Also, we highlight the urgent need to apply novel multi-system biology approaches to characterize the diversity of microglial states and functions involved in this enigmatic disorder, which can open bright perspectives for novel biomarkers and therapeutic discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Chaves-Filho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Women Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Brain Health Cluster at the Institute on Aging & Lifelong Health (IALH), Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Capri Eyres
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leonie Blöbaum
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Antonia Landwehr
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Women Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Brain Health Cluster at the Institute on Aging & Lifelong Health (IALH), Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Sen P, Ortiz O, Brivio E, Menegaz D, Sotillos Elliott L, Du Y, Ries C, Chen A, Wurst W, Lopez JP, Eder M, Deussing JM. A bipolar disorder-associated missense variant alters adenylyl cyclase 2 activity and promotes mania-like behavior. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02663-w. [PMID: 39003412 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02663-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The single nucleotide polymorphism rs13166360, causing a substitution of valine (Val) 147 to leucine (Leu) in the adenylyl cyclase 2 (ADCY2), has previously been associated with bipolar disorder (BD). Here we show that the disease-associated ADCY2 missense mutation diminishes the enzyme´s capacity to generate the second messenger 3',5'-cylic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) by altering its subcellular localization. We established mice specifically carrying the Val to Leu substitution using CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing. Mice homozygous for the Leu variant display symptoms of a mania-like state accompanied by cognitive impairments. Mutant animals show additional characteristic signs of rodent mania models, i.e., they are hypersensitive to amphetamine, the observed mania-like behaviors are responsive to lithium treatment and the Val to Leu substitution results in a shifted excitatory/inhibitory synaptic balance towards more excitation. Exposure to chronic social defeat stress switches homozygous Leu variant carriers from a mania- to a depressive-like state, a transition which is reminiscent of the alternations characterizing the symptomatology in BD patients. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) revealed widespread Adcy2 mRNA expression in numerous hippocampal cell types. Differentially expressed genes particularly identified from glutamatergic CA1 neurons point towards ADCY2 variant-dependent alterations in multiple biological processes including cAMP-related signaling pathways. These results validate ADCY2 as a BD risk gene, provide insights into underlying disease mechanisms, and potentially open novel avenues for therapeutic intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Sen
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Oskar Ortiz
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elena Brivio
- Department Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Danusa Menegaz
- Scientific Core Unit Electrophysiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ying Du
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens Ries
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Alon Chen
- Department Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Developmental Genetics, Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) site Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Juan Pablo Lopez
- Department Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Matthias Eder
- Scientific Core Unit Electrophysiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan M Deussing
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Hashmi AN, Ahmed Dharejo R, Zubair UB, Khan N, Kashif I, Ajmal M, Taj R, Qamar R, Azam M. Association of dopamine β-hydroxylase polymorphism rs1611115 and serum levels with psychiatric disorders in Pakistani population. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:551-559. [PMID: 36120985 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2126774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) is a copper-containing enzyme that has an important role in maintaining the cellular homeostasis between the two neurotransmitters, dopamine (DA) and nor-adrenaline (NA). DBH functional polymorphisms are associated with multiple neuro-psychiatric conditions and are found to alter the DBH protein levels in serum affecting DBH enzymatic activity. The current study was conducted to determine the genetic and serum levels association of DBH rs1611115 functional polymorphism with major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SHZ) in the Pakistani population. METHODS In total n = 1097 subjects including MDD (n = 427), BD (n = 204), SHZ (n = 134) and healthy controls (n = 332), were screened for the functional polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Univariate logistic regression analysis was applied and the results were adjusted for age and sex. The DBH levels in serum were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the Mann Whitney U test was applied. RESULTS The minor allele (-1021 C > T) was found to be significantly associated with a higher risk of developing BD and SHZ in both univariable and multivariable analyses. The overall total serum concentration of DBH was comparatively raised in MDD, however, in cross-comparison DBH serum levels were found markedly higher in CC homozygotes compared to TT homozygotes within the BD group. CONCLUSION The present study suggested a significant association of DBH rs1611115 with BD and SHZ and also the effect of rs1611115 on DBH serum levels in MDD and BD for the first time in the Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Nasir Hashmi
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Raees Ahmed Dharejo
- Department of Psychiatry, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
- WAPDA Administrative Staff College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usama Bin Zubair
- Department of Psychiatry, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Netasha Khan
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Kashif
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajmal
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Taj
- Department of Psychiatry, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Science and Technology Sector, ICESCO, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Maleeha Azam
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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4
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Wang JT, Chang XY, Zhao Q, Zhang YM. FastBiCmrMLM: a fast and powerful compressed variance component mixed logistic model for big genomic case-control genome-wide association study. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae290. [PMID: 38888457 PMCID: PMC11184901 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Large sample datasets have been regarded as the primary basis for innovative discoveries and the solution to missing heritability in genome-wide association studies. However, their computational complexity cannot consider all comprehensive effects and all polygenic backgrounds, which reduces the effectiveness of large datasets. To address these challenges, we included all effects and polygenic backgrounds in a mixed logistic model for binary traits and compressed four variance components into two. The compressed model combined three computational algorithms to develop an innovative method, called FastBiCmrMLM, for large data analysis. These algorithms were tailored to sample size, computational speed, and reduced memory requirements. To mine additional genes, linkage disequilibrium markers were replaced by bin-based haplotypes, which are analyzed by FastBiCmrMLM, named FastBiCmrMLM-Hap. Simulation studies highlighted the superiority of FastBiCmrMLM over GMMAT, SAIGE and fastGWA-GLMM in identifying dominant, small α (allele substitution effect), and rare variants. In the UK Biobank-scale dataset, we demonstrated that FastBiCmrMLM could detect variants as small as 0.03% and with α ≈ 0. In re-analyses of seven diseases in the WTCCC datasets, 29 candidate genes, with both functional and TWAS evidence, around 36 variants identified only by the new methods, strongly validated the new methods. These methods offer a new way to decipher the genetic architecture of binary traits and address the challenges outlined above.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuan-Ming Zhang
- Corresponding author. College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. Tel.: +086-13505161564; E-mail:
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5
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Battaglia S, Avenanti A, Vécsei L, Tanaka M. Neural Correlates and Molecular Mechanisms of Memory and Learning. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2724. [PMID: 38473973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory and learning are essential cognitive processes that enable us to obtain, retain, and recall information [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Battaglia
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Neuropsicology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center (CINPSI Neurocog), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Szeged (HUN-REN-SZTE), Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Szeged (HUN-REN-SZTE), Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
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6
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Choudhary D, Kumar B, Kaur R. Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds: A ray of hope in depression? Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14479. [PMID: 38361139 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Depression is not similar to daily mood fluctuations and temporary emotional responses to day-to-day activities. Depression is not a passing problem; it is an ongoing problem. It deals with different episodes consisting of several symptoms that last for at least 2 weeks. It can be seen for several weeks, months, or years. At its final stage, or can say, in its worst condition, it can lead to suicide. Antidepressants are used to inhibit the reuptake of the neurotransmitters by some selective receptors, which increase the concentration of specific neurotransmitters around the nerves in the brain. Drugs that are currently being used for the management of various types of depression include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, atypical antidepressants, serotonin, noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, etc. In this review, we have outlined different symptoms, causes, and recent advancements in nitrogen-containing heterocyclic drug candidates for the management of depression. This article highlights the various structural features along with the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of nitrogen-containing heterocyclics that play a key role in binding at target sites for potential antidepressant action. The in silico studies were carried out to determine the binding interactions of the target ligands with the receptor site to determine the potential role of substitution patterns at core pharmacophoric features. This article will help medicinal chemists, biochemists, and other interested researchers in identifying the potential pharmacophores as lead compounds for further development of new potent antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Choudhary
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
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7
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Dollish HK, Tsyglakova M, McClung CA. Circadian rhythms and mood disorders: Time to see the light. Neuron 2024; 112:25-40. [PMID: 37858331 PMCID: PMC10842077 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The importance of time is ever prevalent in our world, and disruptions to the normal light/dark and sleep/wake cycle have now become the norm rather than the exception for a large part of it. All mood disorders, including seasonal affective disorder (SAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD), are strongly associated with abnormal sleep and circadian rhythms in a variety of physiological processes. Environmental disruptions to normal sleep/wake patterns, light/dark changes, and seasonal changes can precipitate episodes. Moreover, treatments that target the circadian system have proven to be therapeutic in certain cases. This review will summarize much of our current knowledge of how these disorders associate with specific circadian phenotypes, as well as the neuronal mechanisms that link the circadian clock with mood regulation. We also discuss what has been learned from therapies that target circadian rhythms and how we may use current knowledge to develop more individually designed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Dollish
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 223, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Mariya Tsyglakova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 223, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Colleen A McClung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 223, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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8
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Wu M, Zhang X, Feng S, Freda SN, Kumari P, Dumrongprechachan V, Kozorovitskiy Y. Dopamine pathways mediating affective state transitions after sleep loss. Neuron 2024; 112:141-154.e8. [PMID: 37922904 PMCID: PMC10841919 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of affective disorders-particularly circuit-level mechanisms underlying bidirectional, periodic affective state transitions-remains poorly understood. In patients, disruptions of sleep and circadian rhythm can trigger transitions to manic episodes, whereas depressive states are reversed. Here, we introduce a hybrid automated sleep deprivation platform to induce transitions of affective states in mice. Acute sleep loss causes mixed behavioral states, featuring hyperactivity, elevated social and sexual behaviors, and diminished depressive-like behaviors, where transitions depend on dopamine (DA). Using DA sensor photometry and projection-targeted chemogenetics, we reveal that elevated DA release in specific brain regions mediates distinct behavioral changes in affective state transitions. Acute sleep loss induces DA-dependent enhancement in dendritic spine density and uncaging-evoked dendritic spinogenesis in the medial prefrontal cortex, whereas optically mediated disassembly of enhanced plasticity reverses the antidepressant effects of sleep deprivation on learned helplessness. These findings demonstrate that brain-wide dopaminergic pathways control sleep-loss-induced polymodal affective state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzheng Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sihan Feng
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sara N Freda
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Pushpa Kumari
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Vasin Dumrongprechachan
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yevgenia Kozorovitskiy
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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9
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Kong L, Guo X, Shen Y, Xu L, Huang H, Lu J, Hu S. Pushing the Frontiers: Optogenetics for Illuminating the Neural Pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4539-4551. [PMID: 37781027 PMCID: PMC10535711 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.84923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD), a disabling mental disorder, is featured by the oscillation between episodes of depression and mania, along with disturbance in the biological rhythms. It is on an urgent demand to identify the intricate mechanisms of BD pathophysiology. Based on the continuous progression of neural science techniques, the dysfunction of circuits in the central nervous system was currently thought to be tightly associated with BD development. Yet, challenge exists since it depends on techniques that can manipulate spatiotemporal dynamics of neuron activity. Notably, the emergence of optogenetics has empowered researchers with precise timing and local manipulation, providing a possible approach for deciphering the pathological underpinnings of mental disorders. Although the application of optogenetics in BD research remains preliminary due to the scarcity of valid animal models, this technique will advance the psychiatric research at neural circuit level. In this review, we summarized the crucial aberrant brain activity and function pertaining to emotion and rhythm abnormities, thereby elucidating the underlying neural substrates of BD, and highlighted the importance of optogenetics in the pursuit of BD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhuo Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaonan Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yuting Shen
- School of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Huimin Huang
- School of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brian Medicine, and MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brian Medicine, and MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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10
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Li Y, Zhao Z, Tan YY, Wang X. Dynamical analysis of the effects of circadian clock on the neurotransmitter dopamine. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:16663-16677. [PMID: 37920028 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is an autonomous timing system that regulates the physiological and behavioral activities of organisms. Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter that is associated with many biological activities such as mood and movement. Experimental studies have shown that the circadian clock influences the DA system and disorders in the circadian clock lead to DA-related diseases. However, the regulatory mechanism of the circadian clock on DA is far from clear. In this paper, we apply an existing circadian-dopamine mathematical model to explore the effects of the circadian clock on DA. Based on numerical simulations, we find the disturbance of the circadian clock, including clock gene mutations, jet lag and light pulses, leads to abnormal DA levels. The effects of mutations in some clock genes on the mood and behavior of mice are closely related to DA disruptions. By sensitivity analysis of DA levels to parameter perturbation, we identify key reactions that affect DA levels, which provides insights into modulating DA disorders. Sudden changes in external light influence the circadian clock, bringing about effects on the DA system. Jet lag causes transient DA rhythm desynchronization with the environment and the influence of jet lag in different directions on DA level and phase varies. Light pulses affect the amplitude and phase shift of DA, which provides a promising method for treating DA disorders through light exposure. This study helps to better understand the impact of the circadian clock on the DA system and provides theoretical support for the treatment of DA disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- College of Information Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- College of Information Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Tan
- College of Information Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 203306, China
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11
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Talbot A, Dunson D, Dzirasa K, Carlson D. Estimating a brain network predictive of stress and genotype with supervised autoencoders. J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat 2023; 72:912-936. [PMID: 37662555 PMCID: PMC10474874 DOI: 10.1093/jrsssc/qlad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeted brain stimulation has the potential to treat mental illnesses. We develop an approach to help design protocols by identifying relevant multi-region electrical dynamics. Our approach models these dynamics as a superposition of latent networks, where the latent variables predict a relevant outcome. We use supervised autoencoders (SAEs) to improve predictive performance in this context, describe the conditions where SAEs improve predictions, and provide modelling constraints to ensure biological relevance. We experimentally validate our approach by finding a network associated with stress that aligns with a previous stimulation protocol and characterizing a genotype associated with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Dunson
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kafui Dzirasa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - David Carlson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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12
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Freund N, Haussleiter I. Bipolar Chronobiology in Men and Mice: A Narrative Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:738. [PMID: 37239210 PMCID: PMC10216184 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with bipolar disorder, we do not only see a cycling of mood episodes, but also a shift in circadian rhythm. In the present overview, the circadian rhythm, the "internal clock", and their disruptions are briefly described. In addition, influences on circadian rhythms such as sleep, genetics, and environment are discussed. This description is conducted with a translational focus covering human patients as well as animal models. Concluding the current knowledge on chronobiology and bipolar disorder, implications for specificity and the course of bipolar disorder and treatment options are given at the end of this article. Taken together, circadian rhythm disruption and bipolar disorder are strongly correlated; the exact causation, however, is still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Freund
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University, 44791 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Ida Haussleiter
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University, 44791 Bochum, Germany
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13
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Ngo HVV, Oster H, Andreou C, Obleser J. Circadian rhythms in auditory hallucinations and psychosis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13944. [PMID: 36744985 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are imprinted in all organisms and influence virtually all aspects of physiology and behavior in adaptation to the 24-h day-night cycle. This recognition of a circadian timekeeping system permeating essentially all healthy functioning of body and mind quickly leads to the realization that, in turn, human ailments should be probed for the degree to which they are rooted in or marked by disruptions and dysregulations of circadian clock functions in the human body. In this review, we will focus on psychosis as a key mental illness and foremost one of its cardinal symptoms: auditory hallucinations. We will discuss recent empirical evidence and conceptual advances probing the potential role of circadian disruption in auditory hallucinations. Moreover, a dysbalance in excitation and inhibition within cortical networks, which in turn drive a disinhibition of dopaminergic signaling, will be highlighted as central physiological mechanism. Finally, we will propose two avenues for experimentally intervening on the circadian influences to potentially alleviate hallucinations in psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Viet V Ngo
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina Andreou
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jonas Obleser
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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14
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Neural progenitor cells derived from lithium responsive and non-responsive bipolar disorder patients exhibit distinct sensitivity to cell death following methamphetamine. Neuropharmacology 2023; 226:109410. [PMID: 36608815 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by manic and depressive mood episodes and loss of brain gray matter. Lithium has antimanic and neuroprotective properties, but only 30% BD patients respond to lithium pharmacotherapy. Dopamine signaling has been implicated in BD and may contribute to lithium response. Methamphetamine (METH) stimulates dopamine release and models the clinical features of mania but has never been used to study cell death in BD patient neurons. We used BD patient derived neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) to determine whether the vulnerability to cell death differed in samples from lithium responder (Li-R) and non-responder (Li-NR) BD patients and healthy controls following METH exposure in vitro. We hypothesized that NPCs from Li-R and Li-NR would differ in vulnerability to METH, dopamine signaling and neuroprotection from lithium. Following METH, NPCs from controls and Li-NR showed significantly greater cell loss compared to Li-R. Pre-treatment of NPCs with the D1 dopamine receptor antagonist SCH 23390 reversed the neurotoxic effects of METH. In Li-R NPCs, expression of phosho-ERK1/2 was significantly increased. In Li-NR NPCs, phospho-AKT, D1 and D2 dopamine receptor proteins were significantly increased. Pre-treatment of NPCs with lithium before METH reversed the neurotoxic effects of METH in control NPCs, whereas Li-NR showed less protective benefit. Li-R cells showed decreased levels of cell death after METH and comparatively high viability, and lithium treatment did not increase viability any further. This novel NPC model of mania reveals differences in cell death that could help identify mechanisms of lithium response in BD.
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Otsuka T, Le HT, Thein ZL, Ihara H, Sato F, Nakao T, Kohsaka A. Deficiency of the circadian clock gene Rev-erbα induces mood disorder-like behaviours and dysregulation of the serotonergic system in mice. Physiol Behav 2022; 256:113960. [PMID: 36115382 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder are highly associated with disrupted daily rhythms of activity, which are often observed in shift work and sleep disturbance in humans. Recent studies have proposed the REV-ERBα protein as a key circadian nuclear receptor that links behavioural rhythms to mood regulation. However, how the Rev-erbα gene participates in the regulation of mood remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the regulation of the serotonergic (5-HTergic) system, which plays a central role in stress-induced mood behaviours, is markedly disrupted in Rev-erbα-/- mice. Rev-erbα-/- mice exhibit both negative and positive behavioural phenotypes, including anxiety-like and mania-like behaviours, when subjected to a stressful environment. Importantly, Rev-erbα-/- mice show a significant decrease in the expression of a gene that encodes the rate-limiting enzyme of serotonin (5-HT) synthesis in the raphe nuclei (RN). In addition, 5-HT levels in Rev-erbα-/- mice are significantly reduced in the prefrontal cortex, which receives strong inputs from the RN and controls stress-related behaviours. Our findings indicate that Rev-erbα plays an important role in controlling the 5-HTergic system and thus regulates mood and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Otsuka
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; The Second Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.
| | - Hue Thi Le
- The Second Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Zaw Lin Thein
- The Second Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Hayato Ihara
- The Department of Radioisotope Laboratory Center, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Sato
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Suntogun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan; The Departments of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nakao
- The Second Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; The First Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Akira Kohsaka
- The Second Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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16
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Grigsby K, Ledford C, Batish T, Kanadibhotla S, Smith D, Firsick E, Tran A, Townsley K, Reyes KAV, LeBlanc K, Ozburn A. Targeting the Maladaptive Effects of Binge Drinking on Circadian Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11084. [PMID: 36232380 PMCID: PMC9569456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies (1) support a role of circadian genes in regulating alcohol intake, and (2) reveal that harmful alcohol use alters circadian rhythms. However, there is minimal knowledge of the effects of chronic alcohol processes on rhythmic circadian gene expression across brain regions important for circadian biology and alcohol intake. Therefore, the present study sought to test the effects of chronic binge-like drinking on diurnal circadian gene expression patterns in the master circadian pacemaker (SCN), the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in High Drinking in the Dark-1 (HDID-1) mice, a unique genetic risk model for drinking to intoxication. Consistent with earlier findings, we found that 8 weeks of binge-like drinking reduced the amplitude of several core circadian clock genes in the NAc and SCN, but not the VTA. To better inform the use of circadian-relevant pharmacotherapies in reducing harmful drinking and ameliorating alcohol's effects on circadian gene expression, we tested whether the casein kinase-1 inhibitor, PF-67046, or the phosphodiesterase type-4 (an upstream regulator of circadian signalling) inhibitor, apremilast, would reduce binge-like intake and mitigate circadian gene suppression. PF-67046 did not reduce intake but did have circadian gene effects. In contrast, apremilast reduced drinking, but had no effect on circadian expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolter Grigsby
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Service, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Courtney Ledford
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Service, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Tanvi Batish
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Service, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Snigdha Kanadibhotla
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Service, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Delaney Smith
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Service, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Evan Firsick
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Service, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Alexander Tran
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Service, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Kayla Townsley
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Service, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Kaylee-Abril Vasquez Reyes
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Service, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Katherine LeBlanc
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Service, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Angela Ozburn
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Service, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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17
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Singla R, Mishra A, Cao R. The trilateral interactions between mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, the circadian clock, and psychiatric disorders: an emerging model. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:355. [PMID: 36045116 PMCID: PMC9433414 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian (~24 h) rhythms in physiology and behavior are evolutionarily conserved and found in almost all living organisms. The rhythms are endogenously driven by daily oscillatory activities of so-called "clock genes/proteins", which are widely distributed throughout the mammalian brain. Mammalian (mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is a fundamental intracellular signal transduction cascade that controls important neuronal processes including neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity, metabolism, and aging. Dysregulation of the mTOR pathway is associated with psychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and mood disorders (MD), in which patients often exhibit disrupted daily physiological rhythms and abnormal circadian gene expression in the brain. Recent work has found that the activities of mTOR signaling are temporally controlled by the circadian clock and exhibit robust circadian oscillations in multiple systems. In the meantime, mTOR signaling regulates fundamental properties of the central and peripheral circadian clocks, including period length, entrainment, and synchronization. Whereas the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, increasing clinical and preclinical evidence support significant crosstalk between mTOR signaling, the circadian clock, and psychiatric disorders. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the trilateral interactions and propose an "interaction triangle" model between mTOR signaling, the circadian clock, and psychiatric disorders (focusing on ASD and MD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubal Singla
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - Ruifeng Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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18
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McCarthy MJ, Gottlieb JF, Gonzalez R, McClung CA, Alloy LB, Cain S, Dulcis D, Etain B, Frey BN, Garbazza C, Ketchesin KD, Landgraf D, Lee H, Marie‐Claire C, Nusslock R, Porcu A, Porter R, Ritter P, Scott J, Smith D, Swartz HA, Murray G. Neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms of circadian rhythm disruption in bipolar disorder: A critical multi-disciplinary literature review and agenda for future research from the ISBD task force on chronobiology. Bipolar Disord 2022; 24:232-263. [PMID: 34850507 PMCID: PMC9149148 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Symptoms of bipolar disorder (BD) include changes in mood, activity, energy, sleep, and appetite. Since many of these processes are regulated by circadian function, circadian rhythm disturbance has been examined as a biological feature underlying BD. The International Society for Bipolar Disorders Chronobiology Task Force (CTF) was commissioned to review evidence for neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms pertinent to BD. METHOD Drawing upon expertise in animal models, biomarkers, physiology, and behavior, CTF analyzed the relevant cross-disciplinary literature to precisely frame the discussion around circadian rhythm disruption in BD, highlight key findings, and for the first time integrate findings across levels of analysis to develop an internally consistent, coherent theoretical framework. RESULTS Evidence from multiple sources implicates the circadian system in mood regulation, with corresponding associations with BD diagnoses and mood-related traits reported across genetic, cellular, physiological, and behavioral domains. However, circadian disruption does not appear to be specific to BD and is present across a variety of high-risk, prodromal, and syndromic psychiatric disorders. Substantial variability and ambiguity among the definitions, concepts and assumptions underlying the research have limited replication and the emergence of consensus findings. CONCLUSIONS Future research in circadian rhythms and its role in BD is warranted. Well-powered studies that carefully define associations between BD-related and chronobiologically-related constructs, and integrate across levels of analysis will be most illuminating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. McCarthy
- UC San Diego Department of Psychiatry & Center for Circadian BiologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - John F. Gottlieb
- Department of PsychiatryFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Robert Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral HealthPennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Colleen A. McClung
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lauren B. Alloy
- Department of PsychologyTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sean Cain
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Davide Dulcis
- UC San Diego Department of Psychiatry & Center for Circadian BiologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bruno Etain
- Université de ParisINSERM UMR‐S 1144ParisFrance
| | - Benicio N. Frey
- Department Psychiatry and Behavioral NeuroscienceMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Corrado Garbazza
- Centre for ChronobiologyPsychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel and Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive NeurosciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Kyle D. Ketchesin
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dominic Landgraf
- Circadian Biology GroupDepartment of Molecular NeurobiologyClinic of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity HospitalLudwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Heon‐Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Chronobiology InstituteKorea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | | | - Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Policy ResearchNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Alessandra Porcu
- UC San Diego Department of Psychiatry & Center for Circadian BiologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Philipp Ritter
- Clinic for Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCarl Gustav Carus University Hospital and Technical University of DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Jan Scott
- Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUK
| | - Daniel Smith
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Holly A. Swartz
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Greg Murray
- Centre for Mental HealthSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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19
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Young CJ, Lyons D, Piggins HD. Circadian Influences on the Habenula and Their Potential Contribution to Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:815700. [PMID: 35153695 PMCID: PMC8831701 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.815700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural circadian system consists of the master circadian clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) communicating time of day cues to the rest of the body including other brain areas that also rhythmically express circadian clock genes. Over the past 16 years, evidence has emerged to indicate that the habenula of the epithalamus is a candidate extra-SCN circadian oscillator. When isolated from the SCN, the habenula sustains rhythms in clock gene expression and neuronal activity, with the lateral habenula expressing more robust rhythms than the adjacent medial habenula. The lateral habenula is responsive to putative SCN output factors as well as light information conveyed to the perihabenula area. Neuronal activity in the lateral habenula is altered in depression and intriguingly disruptions in circadian rhythms can elevate risk of developing mental health disorders including depression. In this review, we will principally focus on how circadian and light signals affect the lateral habenula and evaluate the possibility that alteration in these influences contribute to mental health disorders.
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20
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Vadnie CA, Petersen KA, Eberhardt LA, Hildebrand MA, Cerwensky AJ, Zhang H, Burns JN, Becker-Krail DD, DePoy LM, Logan RW, McClung CA. The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Regulates Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:765850. [PMID: 35126036 PMCID: PMC8811036 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.765850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals suffering from mood and anxiety disorders often show significant disturbances in sleep and circadian rhythms. Animal studies indicate that circadian rhythm disruption can cause increased depressive- and anxiety-like behavior, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. One potential mechanism to explain how circadian rhythms are contributing to mood and anxiety disorders is through dysregulation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, known as the "central pacemaker." To investigate the role of the SCN in regulating depressive- and anxiety-like behavior in mice, we chronically manipulated the neural activity of the SCN using two optogenetic stimulation paradigms. As expected, chronic stimulation of the SCN late in the active phase (circadian time 21, CT21) resulted in a shortened period and dampened amplitude of homecage activity rhythms. We also repeatedly stimulated the SCN at unpredictable times during the active phase of mice when SCN firing rates are normally low. This resulted in dampened, fragmented, and unstable homecage activity rhythms. In both chronic SCN optogenetic stimulation paradigms, dampened homecage activity rhythms (decreased amplitude) were directly correlated with increased measures of anxiety-like behavior. In contrast, we only observed a correlation between behavioral despair and homecage activity amplitude in mice stimulated at CT21. Surprisingly, the change in period of homecage activity rhythms was not directly associated with anxiety- or depressive-like behavior. Finally, to determine if anxiety-like behavior is affected during a single SCN stimulation session, we acutely stimulated the SCN in the active phase (zeitgeber time 14-16, ZT14-16) during behavioral testing. Unexpectedly this also resulted in increased anxiety-like behavior. Taken together, these results indicate that SCN-mediated dampening of rhythms is directly correlated with increased anxiety-like behavior. This work is an important step in understanding how specific SCN neural activity disruptions affect depressive- and anxiety-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A. Vadnie
- Department of Psychology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, United States
| | - Kaitlyn A. Petersen
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lauren A. Eberhardt
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mariah A. Hildebrand
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Allison J. Cerwensky
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer N. Burns
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Darius D. Becker-Krail
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lauren M. DePoy
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ryan W. Logan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Colleen A. McClung
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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21
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Lin S, Du Y, Xia Y, Xie Y, Xiao L, Wang G. Advances in optogenetic studies of depressive-like behaviors and underlying neural circuit mechanisms. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:950910. [PMID: 36159933 PMCID: PMC9492959 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.950910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The neural circuit mechanisms underlying depression remain unclear. Recently optogenetics has gradually gained recognition as a novel technique to regulate the activity of neurons with light stimulation. Scientists are now transferring their focus to the function of brain regions and neural circuits in the pathogenic progress of depression. Deciphering the circuitry mechanism of depressive-like behaviors may help us better understand the symptomatology of depression. However, few studies have summarized current progress on optogenetic researches into the neural circuit mechanisms of depressive-like behaviors. AIMS This review aimed to introduce fundamental characteristics and methodologies of optogenetics, as well as how this technique achieves specific neuronal control with spatial and temporal accuracy. We mainly summarized recent progress in neural circuit discoveries in depressive-like behaviors using optogenetics and exhibited the potential of optogenetics as a tool to investigate the mechanism and possible optimization underlying antidepressant treatment such as ketamine and deep brain stimulation. METHODS A systematic review of the literature published in English mainly from 2010 to the present in databases was performed. The selected literature is then categorized and summarized according to their neural circuits and depressive-like behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Many important discoveries have been made utilizing optogenetics. These findings support optogenetics as a powerful and potential tool for studying depression. And our comprehension to the etiology of depression and other psychiatric disorders will also be more thorough with this rapidly developing technique in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiwei Du
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujie Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yumeng Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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22
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Calcium imaging reveals depressive- and manic-phase-specific brain neural activity patterns in a murine model of bipolar disorder: a pilot study. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:619. [PMID: 34876553 PMCID: PMC8651770 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain pathological features during manic/hypomanic and depressive episodes in the same patients with bipolar disorder (BPD) have not been described precisely. The study aimed to investigate depressive and manic-phase-specific brain neural activity patterns of BPD in the same murine model to provide information guiding investigation of the mechanism of phase switching and tailored prevention and treatment for patients with BPD. In vivo two-photon imaging was used to observe brain activity alterations in the depressive and manic phases in the same murine model of BPD. Two-photon imaging showed significantly reduced Ca2+ activity in temporal cortex pyramidal neurons in the depression phase in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), but not in the manic phase in mice exposed to CUMS and ketamine. Total integrated calcium values correlated significantly with immobility times. Brain Ca2+ hypoactivity was observed in the depression and manic phases in the same mice exposed to CUMS and ketamine relative to naïve controls. The novel object recognition preference ratio correlated negatively with the immobility time in the depression phase and the total distance traveled in the manic phase. With recognition of its limitations, this study revealed brain neural activity impairment indicating that intrinsic emotional network disturbance is a mechanism of BPD and that brain neural activity is associated with cognitive impairment in the depressive and manic phases of this disorder. These findings are consistent with those from macro-imaging studies of patients with BPD. The observed correlation of brain neural activity with the severity of depressive, but not manic, symptoms need to be investigated further.
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23
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Circadian Rhythms in Mood Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1344:153-168. [PMID: 34773231 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81147-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Altered behavioral rhythms are a fundamental diagnostic feature of mood disorders. Patients report worse subjective sleep and objective measures confirm this, implicating a role for circadian rhythm disruptions in mood disorder pathophysiology. Molecular clock gene mutations are associated with increased risk of mood disorder diagnosis and/or severity of symptoms, and mouse models of clock gene mutations have abnormal mood-related behaviors. The mechanism by which circadian rhythms contribute to mood disorders remains unknown, however, circadian rhythms regulate and are regulated by various biological systems that are abnormal in mood disorders and this interaction is theorized to be a key component of mood disorder pathophysiology. A growing body of evidence has begun defining how the interaction of circadian and neurotransmitter systems influences mood and behavior, including the role of current antidepressants and mood stabilizers. Additionally, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis interacts with both circadian and monoaminergic systems and may facilitate the contribution of environmental stressors to mood disorder pathophysiology. The central role of circadian rhythms in mood disorders has led to the development of chronotherapeutics, which are treatments designed specifically to target circadian rhythm regulators, such as sleep, light, and melatonin, to produce an antidepressant response.
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24
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Yu X, Ba W, Zhao G, Ma Y, Harding EC, Yin L, Wang D, Li H, Zhang P, Shi Y, Yustos R, Vyssotski AL, Dong H, Franks NP, Wisden W. Dysfunction of ventral tegmental area GABA neurons causes mania-like behavior. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5213-5228. [PMID: 32555422 PMCID: PMC8589652 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The ventral tegmental area (VTA), an important source of dopamine, regulates goal- and reward-directed and social behaviors, wakefulness, and sleep. Hyperactivation of dopamine neurons generates behavioral pathologies. But any roles of non-dopamine VTA neurons in psychiatric illness have been little explored. Lesioning or chemogenetically inhibiting VTA GABAergic (VTAVgat) neurons generated persistent wakefulness with mania-like qualities: locomotor activity was increased; sensitivity to D-amphetamine was heightened; immobility times decreased on the tail suspension and forced swim tests; and sucrose preference increased. Furthermore, after sleep deprivation, mice with lesioned VTAVgat neurons did not catch up on lost sleep, even though they were starting from a sleep-deprived baseline, suggesting that sleep homeostasis was bypassed. The mania-like behaviors, including the sleep loss, were reversed by valproate, and re-emerged when treatment was stopped. Lithium salts and lamotrigine, however, had no effect. Low doses of diazepam partially reduced the hyperlocomotion and fully recovered the immobility time during tail suspension. The mania like-behaviors mostly depended on dopamine, because giving D1/D2/D3 receptor antagonists reduced these behaviors, but also partially on VTAVgat projections to the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Optically or chemogenetically inhibiting VTAVgat terminals in the LH elevated locomotion and decreased immobility time during the tail suspension and forced swimming tests. VTAVgat neurons help set an animal's (and perhaps human's) mental and physical activity levels. Inputs inhibiting VTAVgat neurons intensify wakefulness (increased activity, enhanced alertness and motivation), qualities useful for acute survival. In the extreme, however, decreased or failed inhibition from VTAVgat neurons produces mania-like qualities (hyperactivity, hedonia, decreased sleep).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Wei Ba
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Guangchao Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Edward C Harding
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Huiming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Youran Shi
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Raquel Yustos
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexei L Vyssotski
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zürich/ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hailong Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Nicholas P Franks
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - William Wisden
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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25
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Logan RW, Ozburn AR, Arey RN, Ketchesin KD, Winquist A, Crain A, Tobe BTD, Becker-Krail D, Jarpe MB, Xue X, Zong W, Huo Z, Parekh PK, Zhu X, Fitzgerald E, Zhang H, Oliver-Smith J, DePoy LM, Hildebrand MA, Snyder EY, Tseng GC, McClung CA. Valproate reverses mania-like behaviors in mice via preferential targeting of HDAC2. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4066-4084. [PMID: 33235333 PMCID: PMC8141541 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00958-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Valproate (VPA) has been used in the treatment of bipolar disorder since the 1990s. However, the therapeutic targets of VPA have remained elusive. Here we employ a preclinical model to identify the therapeutic targets of VPA. We find compounds that inhibit histone deacetylase proteins (HDACs) are effective in normalizing manic-like behavior, and that class I HDACs (e.g., HDAC1 and HDAC2) are most important in this response. Using an RNAi approach, we find that HDAC2, but not HDAC1, inhibition in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is sufficient to normalize behavior. Furthermore, HDAC2 overexpression in the VTA prevents the actions of VPA. We used RNA sequencing in both mice and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from bipolar patients to further identify important molecular targets. Together, these studies identify HDAC2 and downstream targets for the development of novel therapeutics for bipolar mania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W. Logan
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Angela R. Ozburn
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Portland Alcohol Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Rachel N. Arey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kyle D. Ketchesin
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Alicia Winquist
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew Crain
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brian T. D. Tobe
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Administration Medical Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Darius Becker-Krail
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Matthew B. Jarpe
- Regenacy Pharmaceuticals, 303 Wyman St, Suite 300, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Xiangning Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Wei Zong
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Puja K. Parekh
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, and Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Xiyu Zhu
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Ethan Fitzgerald
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.,Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China 100730
| | - Jeffrey Oliver-Smith
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Lauren M. DePoy
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Mariah A. Hildebrand
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Evan Y. Snyder
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - George C. Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Colleen A. McClung
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.,Corresponding Author: Colleen A. McClung, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 223, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, , 412-624-5547
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26
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Enlightened: addressing circadian and seasonal changes in photoperiod in animal models of bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:373. [PMID: 34226504 PMCID: PMC8257630 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorders (BDs) exhibit high heritability and symptoms typically first occur during late adolescence or early adulthood. Affected individuals may experience alternating bouts of mania/hypomania and depression, with euthymic periods of varying lengths interspersed between these extremes of mood. Clinical research studies have consistently demonstrated that BD patients have disturbances in circadian and seasonal rhythms, even when they are free of symptoms. In addition, some BD patients display seasonal patterns in the occurrence of manic/hypomanic and depressive episodes as well as the time of year when symptoms initially occur. Finally, the age of onset of BD symptoms is strongly influenced by the distance one lives from the equator. With few exceptions, animal models useful in the study of BD have not capitalized on these clinical findings regarding seasonal patterns in BD to explore molecular mechanisms associated with the expression of mania- and depression-like behaviors in laboratory animals. In particular, animal models would be especially useful in studying how rates of change in photoperiod that occur during early spring and fall interact with risk genes to increase the occurrence of mania- and depression-like phenotypes, respectively. Another unanswered question relates to the ways in which seasonally relevant changes in photoperiod affect responses to acute and chronic stressors in animal models. Going forward, we suggest ways in which translational research with animal models of BD could be strengthened through carefully controlled manipulations of photoperiod to enhance our understanding of mechanisms underlying seasonal patterns of BD symptoms in humans. In addition, we emphasize the value of incorporating diurnal rodent species as more appropriate animal models to study the effects of seasonal changes in light on symptoms of depression and mania that are characteristic of BD in humans.
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27
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Partington HS, Nutter JM, Eells JB. Nurr1 deficiency shortens free running period, enhances photoentrainment to phase advance, and disrupts circadian cycling of the dopamine neuron phenotype. Behav Brain Res 2021; 411:113347. [PMID: 33991560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including addiction, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease (PD), involve dysfunction in midbrain dopamine (DA) neurotransmission with severity of disease symptoms and progression associated with disrupted circadian rhythms. The nuclear transcription factor Nurr1, essential for DA neuron (DAN) development, survival, and maintenance, is also known to interact with circadian rhythm regulating clock proteins. In the Nurr1-null heterozygous (+/-) mice, a Nurr1 deficient model which reproduces some of the alterations in DA function found in schizophrenia and PD, we measured, using wheel-running activity, the free running period (tau) and photoperiod entrainment. Because Nurr1 has a role in regulating the DA phenotype, we also measured the circadian fluctuations in the number of DANs using tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunofluorescence. In Nurr1 +/- mice, tau was significantly shorter and entrainment to a 6 h earlier shift in the dark cycle was accelerated. The Nurr1 wild-type (+/+) mice cycled DAN numbers across time, with a significantly greater number (∼2-fold increase) of DANs at zeitgeber time (ZT) 0 than ZT12. The +/- mice, however, did not cycle the DA phenotype, as no differences in DAN numbers were observed between ZT0 and ZT12. Additionally, the +/- mice had significantly fewer DANs at ZT0 but not at ZT12 as compared to +/+ mice. Based these data, circadian rhythms and fluctuations in the DA phenotype requires normal Nurr1 function. A better understanding is needed of the mechanisms regulating the DA phenotype and subsequent neurotransmission across the circadian cycle and how this is altered in circadian rhythm and DA neurotransmission-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath S Partington
- East Carolina University, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Makenzie Nutter
- East Carolina University, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Eells
- East Carolina University, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA.
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28
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Medrano M, Hurel I, Mesguich E, Redon B, Stevens C, Georges F, Melis M, Marsicano G, Chaouloff F. Exercise craving potentiates excitatory inputs to ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12967. [PMID: 33021007 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise, which can be addictogenic on its own, is considered a therapeutic alternative for drug craving. Exercise might thus share with drugs the ability to strengthen excitatory synapses onto ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic neurones, as assessed by the ratio of AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) to NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated EPSCs. As did acute cocaine, amphetamine, or Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) pretreatments, an acute 1-h wheel-running session increased the AMPAR/NMDAR ratio in VTA dopaminergic neurones. To dissect the respective influences of wheel-running seeking and performance, mice went through an operant protocol wherein wheel-running was conditioned by nose poking under fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement. Conditioned wheel-running increased the AMPAR/NMDAR ratio to a higher extent than free wheel-running, doing so although running performance was lower in the former paradigm than in the latter. Thus, the cue-reward association, rather than reward consumption, played a major role in this increase. The AMPAR/NMDAR ratio returned to baseline levels in mice that had extinguished the cued-running motivated task, but it increased after a cue-induced reinstatement session. The amplitude of this increase correlated with the intensity of exercise craving, as assessed by individual nose poke scores. Finally, cue-induced reinstatement of running seeking proved insensitive to acute cocaine or THC pretreatments. Our study reveals for the first time that the drive for exercise bears synaptic influences on VTA dopaminergic neurones which are reminiscent of drug actions. Whether these influences play a role in the therapeutic effects of exercise in human drug craving remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria‐Carmen Medrano
- Endocannabinoids and NeuroAdaptation NeuroCentre INSERM U1215 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Imane Hurel
- Endocannabinoids and NeuroAdaptation NeuroCentre INSERM U1215 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Emma Mesguich
- Endocannabinoids and NeuroAdaptation NeuroCentre INSERM U1215 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Bastien Redon
- Endocannabinoids and NeuroAdaptation NeuroCentre INSERM U1215 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Christopher Stevens
- Endocannabinoids and NeuroAdaptation NeuroCentre INSERM U1215 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
- Pathophysiology of Declarative Memory NeuroCentre INSERM U1215 Bordeaux France
| | - François Georges
- Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine CNRS UMR 5293 Bordeaux France
| | - Miriam Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- Endocannabinoids and NeuroAdaptation NeuroCentre INSERM U1215 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Francis Chaouloff
- Endocannabinoids and NeuroAdaptation NeuroCentre INSERM U1215 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
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29
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Hurel I, Muguruza C, Redon B, Marsicano G, Chaouloff F. Cannabis and exercise: Effects of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on preference and motivation for wheel-running in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 105:110117. [PMID: 32971218 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent surveys have revealed close links between cannabis and exercise. Specifically, cannabis usage before and/or after exercise is an increasingly common habit primarily aimed at boosting exercise pleasure, motivation, and performance whilst facilitating post-exercise recovery. However, whether these beliefs reflect the true impact of cannabis on these aspects of exercise is unknown. This study has thus examined the effects of cannabis' main psychoactive ingredient, namely Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), on (i) mouse wheel-running preference and performance and (ii) running motivation and seeking behaviour. Wheel-running preference and performance were investigated using a T-maze with free and locked wheels located at the extremity of either arm. Running motivation and seeking were assessed by a cued-running operant task wherein wheel-running was conditioned by nose poking. Moreover, because THC targets cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors, i.e. receptors previously documented to control running motivation, this study also assessed the role of these receptors in running preference, performance, and craving-like behaviour. Whilst acute blockade or genetic deletion of CB1 receptors decreased running preference and performance in the T-maze, THC proved ineffective on either variable. The failure of THC to affect running variables in the T-maze extended to running motivation, as assessed by cued-running under a progressive ratio (PR) reinforcement schedule. This ineffectiveness of THC was not related to the treatment protocol because it successfully increased motivation for palatable food. Although craving-like behaviour, as indexed by a cue-induced reinstatement of running seeking, was found to depend on CB1 receptors, THC again proved ineffective. Neither running motivation nor running seeking were affected when CB1 receptors were further stimulated by increasing the levels of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. These results, which suggest that the drive for running is insensitive to the acute stimulation of CB1 receptors, raise the hypothesis that cannabis is devoid of effect on exercise motivation. Future investigation using chronic administration of THC, with and without other cannabis ingredients (e.g. cannabidiol), is however required before conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Hurel
- Endocannabinoids and NeuroAdaptation, NeuroCentre INSERM U1215, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Carolina Muguruza
- Endocannabinoids and NeuroAdaptation, NeuroCentre INSERM U1215, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Bastien Redon
- Endocannabinoids and NeuroAdaptation, NeuroCentre INSERM U1215, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- Endocannabinoids and NeuroAdaptation, NeuroCentre INSERM U1215, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Francis Chaouloff
- Endocannabinoids and NeuroAdaptation, NeuroCentre INSERM U1215, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France.
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30
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Delva NC, Stanwood GD. Dysregulation of brain dopamine systems in major depressive disorder. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1084-1093. [PMID: 33593109 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221991830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD or depression) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric syndrome with genetic, epigenetic, and environmental contributions. Depression is one of the largest contributors to chronic disease burden; it affects more than one in six individuals in the United States. A wide array of cellular and molecular modifications distributed across a variety of neuronal processes and circuits underlie the pathophysiology of depression-no established mechanism can explain all aspects of the disease. MDD suffers from a vast treatment gap worldwide, and large numbers of individuals who require treatment do not receive adequate care. This mini-review focuses on dysregulation of brain dopamine (DA) systems in the pathophysiology of MDD and describing new cellular targets for potential medication development focused on DA-modulated micro-circuits. We also explore how neurodevelopmental factors may modify risk for later emergence of MDD, possibly through dopaminergic substrates in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nella C Delva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Gregg D Stanwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.,Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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31
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Liu S, Wei J, Ni R, Gao T, Ni P, Zhao L, Duan X, Ma X, Sham PC, Li T. Valproate Reverses Mania-Like Behavior of Clock delta19 Mouse and Alters Monoamine Neurotransmitters Metabolism in the Hippocampus. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:471-480. [PMID: 33603383 PMCID: PMC7884953 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s293482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mice with a deletion at exon 19 of the circadian locomotor output cycles Kaput gene (Clock delta19) exhibit mania-like behavior and have been one of the most common animal models for bipolar disorder (BD). The predictive validity of the Clock delta19 was investigated via studies using lithium previously. Determination of effects of other mood stabilizers on Clock delta19 mouse would be helpful for better understanding of the mechanism underlined. METHODS Wildtype (WT) and Clock delta19 mice were treated with saline (n = 10 for WT and n=10 for Clock delta19) or valproate (VPA) (n = 10 for WT and n=10 for Clock delta19) for 10 days. The hyperactivity, anxiety-like behaviors and depression-like behaviors were tested. The concentration of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites in the hippocampus of saline or VPA treated WT and Clock delta19 mouse (n = 8 for each) were also determined. RESULTS VPA can reverse hyperactivity, lower level of anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors of the Clock delta19 mouse. Clock delta19 mouse exhibited lower levels of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) in right hippocampus compared to WT mouse. Chronic VPA treatment did not affect the levels of 5-HT and DA, but can reduce the level of levodopa (L-DOPA) in the right hippocampus of Clock delta19 mouse. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that chronic VPA treatment can reverse the mania-like behaviors of the Clock delta19 mouse and further consolidate the validity of the Clock delta19 mouse as a model of BD. Monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites in the hippocampus are partly regulated by mutation of the Clock gene or VPA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxue Wei
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjun Ni
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhao Gao
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyan Ni
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyu Duan
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pak C Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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32
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Siemann JK, Grueter BA, McMahon DG. Rhythms, Reward, and Blues: Consequences of Circadian Photoperiod on Affective and Reward Circuit Function. Neuroscience 2020; 457:220-234. [PMID: 33385488 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Circadian disruptions, along with altered affective and reward states, are commonly associated with psychiatric disorders. In addition to genetics, the enduring influence of environmental factors in programming neural networks is of increased interest in assessing the underpinnings of mental health. The duration of daylight or photoperiod is known to impact both the serotonin and dopamine systems, which are implicated in mood and reward-based disorders. This review first examines the effects of circadian disruption and photoperiod in the serotonin system in both human and preclinical studies. We next highlight how brain regions crucial for the serotoninergic system (i.e., dorsal raphe nucleus; DRN), and dopaminergic (i.e., nucleus accumbens; NAc and ventral tegmental area; VTA) system are intertwined in overlapping circuitry, and play influential roles in the pathology of mood and reward-based disorders. We then focus on human and animal studies that demonstrate the impact of circadian factors on the dopaminergic system. Lastly, we discuss how environmental factors such as circadian photoperiod can impact the neural circuits that are responsible for regulating affective and reward states, offering novel insights into the biological mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology, systems, and therapeutic treatments necessary for mood and reward-based disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K Siemann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Brad A Grueter
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Douglas G McMahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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Maldonado C, Vázquez M, Fagiolino P. Potential Therapeutic Role of Carnitine and Acetylcarnitine in Neurological Disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1277-1285. [PMID: 32048954 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200212114038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current therapy of neurological disorders has several limitations. Although a high number of drugs are clinically available, several subjects do not achieve full symptomatic remission. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the therapeutic potential of L-carnitine (LCAR) and acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) because of the multiplicity of actions they exert in energy metabolism, as antioxidants, neuromodulators and neuroprotectors. They also show excellent safety and tolerability profile. OBJECTIVE To assess the role of LCAR and ALCAR in neurological disorders. METHODS A meticulous review of the literature was conducted in order to establish the linkage between LCAR and ALCAR and neurological diseases. RESULTS LCAR and ALCAR mechanisms and effects were studied for Alzheimer's disease, depression, neuropathic pain, bipolar disorder, Parkinson's disease and epilepsy in the elderly. Both substances exert their actions mainly on primary metabolism, enhancing energy production, through β-oxidation, and the ammonia elimination via urea cycle promotion. These systemic actions impact positively on the Central Nervous System state, as Ammonia and energy depletion seem to underlie most of the neurotoxic events, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, membrane degeneration, and neurotransmitters disbalances, present in neurological disorders, mainly in the elderly. The impact on bipolar disorder is controversial. LCAR absorption seems to be impaired in the elderly due to the decrease of active transportation; therefore, ALCAR seems to be the more effective option to administer. CONCLUSION ALCAR emerges as a simple, economical and safe adjuvant option in order to impair the progression of most neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Maldonado
- Biopharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marta Vázquez
- Biopharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pietro Fagiolino
- Biopharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Ashton A, Jagannath A. Disrupted Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Schizophrenia and Their Interaction With Dopamine Signaling. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:636. [PMID: 32655359 PMCID: PMC7324687 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption (SCRD) is a common feature of schizophrenia, and is associated with symptom severity and patient quality of life. It is commonly manifested as disturbances to the sleep/wake cycle, with sleep abnormalities occurring in up to 80% of patients, making it one of the most common symptoms of this disorder. Severe circadian misalignment has also been reported, including non-24 h periods and phase advances and delays. In parallel, there are alterations to physiological circadian parameters such as body temperature and rhythmic hormone production. At the molecular level, alterations in the rhythmic expression of core clock genes indicate a dysfunctional circadian clock. Furthermore, genetic association studies have demonstrated that mutations in several clock genes are associated with a higher risk of schizophrenia. Collectively, the evidence strongly suggests that sleep and circadian disruption is not only a symptom of schizophrenia but also plays an important causal role in this disorder. The alterations in dopamine signaling that occur in schizophrenia are likely to be central to this role. Dopamine is well-documented to be involved in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle, in which it acts to promote wakefulness, such that elevated dopamine levels can disturb sleep. There is also evidence for the influence of dopamine on the circadian clock, such as through entrainment of the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), and dopamine signaling itself is under circadian control. Therefore dopamine is closely linked with sleep and the circadian system; it appears that they have a complex, bidirectional relationship in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, such that disturbances to one exacerbate abnormalities in the other. This review will provide an overview of the evidence for a role of SCRD in schizophrenia, and examine the interplay of this with altered dopamine signaling. We will assess the evidence to suggest common underlying mechanisms in the regulation of sleep/circadian rhythms and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Improvements in sleep are associated with improvements in symptoms, along with quality of life measures such as cognitive ability and employability. Therefore the circadian system holds valuable potential as a new therapeutic target for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ashton
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aarti Jagannath
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Qu N, He Y, Wang C, Xu P, Yang Y, Cai X, Liu H, Yu K, Pei Z, Hyseni I, Sun Z, Fukuda M, Li Y, Tian Q, Xu Y. A POMC-originated circuit regulates stress-induced hypophagia, depression, and anhedonia. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1006-1021. [PMID: 31485012 PMCID: PMC7056580 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress causes dysregulations of mood and energy homeostasis, but the neurocircuitry underlying these alterations remain to be fully elucidated. Here we demonstrate that chronic restraint stress in mice results in hyperactivity of pro-opiomelanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (POMCARH neurons) associated with decreased neural activities of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (DAVTA neurons). We further revealed that POMCARH neurons project to the VTA and provide an inhibitory tone to DAVTA neurons via both direct and indirect neurotransmissions. Finally, we show that photoinhibition of the POMCARH→VTA circuit in mice increases body weight and food intake, and reduces depression-like behaviors and anhedonia in mice exposed to chronic restraint stress. Thus, our results identified a novel neurocircuitry regulating feeding and mood in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Qu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430012, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanlin He
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yongjie Yang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xing Cai
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hesong Liu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kaifan Yu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhou Pei
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ilirjana Hyseni
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Makoto Fukuda
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430012, Wuhan, China
- Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Wei H, Zapata RC, Lopez-Valencia M, Aslanoglou D, Farino ZJ, Benner V, Osborn O, Freyberg Z, McCarthy MJ. Dopamine D 2 receptor signaling modulates pancreatic beta cell circadian rhythms. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 113:104551. [PMID: 31884319 PMCID: PMC7787223 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs (APD) have clinically important, adverse effects on metabolism that limit their therapeutic utility. Pancreatic beta cells produce dopamine and express the D2 dopamine receptor (D2R). As D2R antagonists, APDs alter glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, indicating that dopamine likely plays a role in APD-induced metabolic dysfunction. Insulin secretion from beta cells is also modulated by the circadian clock. Disturbed circadian rhythms cause metabolic disturbances similar to those observed in APD-treated subjects. Given the importance of dopamine and circadian rhythms for beta cells, we hypothesized that the beta cell dopamine system and circadian clock interact and dually regulate insulin secretion, and that circadian manipulations may alter the metabolic impact of APDs. We measured circadian rhythms, insulin release, and the impact of dopamine upon these processes in beta cells using bioluminescent reporters. We then assessed the impact of circadian timing on weight gain and metabolic outcomes in mice treated with the APD sulpiride at the onset of light or dark. We found that molecular components of the dopamine system were rhythmically expressed in beta cells. D2R stimulation by endogenous dopamine or the agonist bromocriptine reduced circadian rhythm amplitude, and altered the temporal profile of insulin secretion. Sulpiride caused greater weight gain and hyperinsulinemia in mice when given in the dark phase compared to the light phase. D2R-acting drugs affect circadian-dopamine interactions and modulate beta cell metabolic function. These findings identify circadian timing as a novel and important mechanism underlying APD-induced metabolic dysfunction, offering new possibilities for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Wei
- Psychiatry Service, VA San Diego Healthcare, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Rizaldy C. Zapata
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Despoina Aslanoglou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zachary J. Farino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Valerie Benner
- Psychiatry Service, VA San Diego Healthcare, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Michael J. McCarthy
- Psychiatry Service, VA San Diego Healthcare, San Diego, CA 92161, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92161, USA,Corresponding author at: VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr MC116A, San Diego, CA 92161 USA
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Almeida PG, Nani JV, Oses JP, Brietzke E, Hayashi MA. Neuroinflammation and glial cell activation in mental disorders. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 2:100034. [PMID: 38377429 PMCID: PMC8474594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2019.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders (MDs) are highly prevalent and potentially debilitating complex disorders which causes remain elusive. Looking into deeper aspects of etiology or pathophysiology underlying these diseases would be highly beneficial, as the scarce knowledge in mechanistic and molecular pathways certainly represents an important limitation. Association between MDs and inflammation/neuroinflammation has been widely discussed and accepted by many, as high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were reported in patients with several MDs, such as schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and major depression disorder (MDD), among others. Correlation of pro-inflammatory markers with symptoms intensity was also reported. However, the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory dysfunctions observed in MDs are not fully understood yet. In this context, microglial dysfunction has recently emerged as a possible pivotal player, as during the neuroinflammatory response, microglia can be over-activated, and excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can modify the kynurenine and glutamate signaling, is reported. Moreover, microglial activation also results in increased astrocyte activity and consequent glutamate release, which are both toxic to the Central Nervous System (CNS). Also, as a result of increased microglial activation in MDs, products of the kynurenine pathway were shown to be changed, influencing then the dopaminergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic signaling pathways. Therefore, in the present review, we aim to discuss how neuroinflammation impacts on glutamate and kynurenine signaling pathways, and how they can consequently influence the monoaminergic signaling. The consequent association with MDs main symptoms is also discussed. As such, this work aims to contribute to the field by providing insights into these alternative pathways and by shedding light on potential targets that could improve the strategies for pharmacological intervention and/or treatment protocols to combat the main pharmacologically unmatched symptoms of MDs, as the SCZ.
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Key Words
- AMPA, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
- APCs, antigen presenting cells
- BBB, blood-brain barrier
- BD, bipolar disorder
- CCL, C–C motif chemokine ligand
- CLRs, C-type lectin receptors
- CNS, central nervous system
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- CXCL, X–C motif chemokine ligand
- Glia
- IDO, indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- IRF, interferon regulatory factor
- Inflammation
- KYNA, kynurenic acid
- MD, mental disorders
- MDD, major depression disorder
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- Mental disorders
- Microglial activation
- NF, necrosis factor
- NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- PPI, prepulse inhibition
- PRRs, pattern recognition receptors
- QUIN, quinolinic acid
- SCZ, schizophrenia
- Schizophrenia
- TGF, tumor growth factor
- TLRs, toll-like receptors
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- α7-nAchR, alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila G.C. Almeida
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Victor Nani
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jean Pierre Oses
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Mirian A.F. Hayashi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Ketchesin KD, Becker-Krail D, McClung CA. Mood-related central and peripheral clocks. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:326-345. [PMID: 30402924 PMCID: PMC6502705 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders, including major depression, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder, are debilitating disorders that affect a significant portion of the global population. Individuals suffering from mood disorders often show significant disturbances in circadian rhythms and sleep. Moreover, environmental disruptions to circadian rhythms can precipitate or exacerbate mood symptoms in vulnerable individuals. Circadian clocks exist throughout the central nervous system and periphery, where they regulate a wide variety of physiological processes implicated in mood regulation. These processes include monoaminergic and glutamatergic transmission, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, metabolism, and immune function. While there seems to be a clear link between circadian rhythm disruption and mood regulation, the mechanisms that underlie this association remain unclear. This review will touch on the interactions between the circadian system and each of these processes and discuss their potential role in the development of mood disorders. While clinical studies are presented, much of the review will focus on studies in animal models, which are attempting to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms in which circadian genes regulate mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Ketchesin
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Darius Becker-Krail
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Colleen A McClung
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Bouarab C, Thompson B, Polter AM. VTA GABA Neurons at the Interface of Stress and Reward. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 13:78. [PMID: 31866835 PMCID: PMC6906177 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is best known for its robust dopaminergic projections to forebrain regions and their critical role in regulating reward, motivation, cognition, and aversion. However, the VTA is not only made of dopamine (DA) cells, as approximately 30% of cells in the VTA are GABA neurons. These neurons play a dual role, as VTA GABA neurons provide both local inhibition of VTA DA neurons and long-range inhibition of several distal brain regions. VTA GABA neurons have increasingly been recognized as potent mediators of reward and aversion in their own right, as well as potential targets for the treatment of addiction, depression, and other stress-linked disorders. In this review article, we dissect the circuit architecture, physiology, and behavioral roles of VTA GABA neurons and suggest critical gaps to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Bouarab
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Brittney Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Abigail M Polter
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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Biselli T, Lange SS, Sablottny L, Steffen J, Walther A. Optogenetic and chemogenetic insights into the neurocircuitry of depression-like behaviour: A systematic review. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 53:9-38. [PMID: 31633833 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and its treatment are challenges for global health. Optogenetics and chemogenetics are driving MDD research forward by unveiling causal relations between cell-type-specific control of neurons and depressive-like behaviour in rodents. Using a systematic search process, in this review, a set of 43 original studies applying optogenetic or chemogenetic techniques in rodent models of depression was identified. Our aim was to provide an examination of all available studies elucidating central neuronal mechanisms leading to depressive-like behaviour in rodents and thereby unveiling the most promising routes for future research. A complex interacting network of relevant structures, in which central circuitries causally related to depressive-like behaviour are implicated, has been identified. As most relevant structures emerge: medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area, hippocampus and raphe nuclei. Further evidence, though examined by only few studies, emerges for structures like the lateral habenula, or medial dorsal thalamus. Most of the identified brain areas have previously been associated with MDD neuropathology, but now evidence can be provided for causal pathological mechanisms within a complex cortico-limbic reward circuitry. However, the studies also show conflicting results concerning the mechanisms underlying the causal involvement of specific circuitries. Comparability of studies is partly limited since even small deviations in methodological approaches lead to different outcomes. Factors influencing study outcomes were identified and need to be considered in future studies (e.g. frequency used for stimulation, time and duration of stimulation, limitations of applied animal models of MDD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Biselli
- Biological Psychology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Walther
- Biological Psychology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Logan RW, Parekh PK, Kaplan G, Becker-Krail D, Williams W, Yamaguchi S, Yoshino J, Shelton MA, Zhu X, Zhang H, Waplinger S, Fitzgerald E, Oliver-Smith J, Sundarvelu P, Enwright JF, Huang YH, McClung CA. NAD+ cellular redox and SIRT1 regulate the diurnal rhythms of tyrosine hydroxylase and conditioned cocaine reward. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1668-1684. [PMID: 29728703 PMCID: PMC6215755 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The diurnal regulation of dopamine is important for normal physiology and diseases such as addiction. Here we find a novel role for the CLOCK protein to antagonize CREB-mediated transcriptional activity at the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter, which is mediated by the interaction with the metabolic sensing protein, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Additionally, we demonstrate that the transcriptional activity of TH is modulated by the cellular redox state, and daily rhythms of redox balance in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), along with TH transcription, are highly disrupted following chronic cocaine administration. Furthermore, CLOCK and SIRT1 are important for regulating cocaine reward and dopaminergic (DAergic) activity, with interesting differences depending on whether DAergic activity is in a heightened state and if there is a functional CLOCK protein. Taken together, we find that rhythms in cellular metabolism and circadian proteins work together to regulate dopamine synthesis and the reward value for drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W. Logan
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA,Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609
| | - Puja K. Parekh
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Gabrielle Kaplan
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Darius Becker-Krail
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Wilbur Williams
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Shintaro Yamaguchi
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609
| | - Jun Yoshino
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609
| | - Micah A. Shelton
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Xiyu Zhu
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA,School of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Spencer Waplinger
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Ethan Fitzgerald
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Jeffrey Oliver-Smith
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Poornima Sundarvelu
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - John F. Enwright
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | | | - Colleen A. McClung
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA,Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609,Correspondence: (C.A.M.)
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Porcu A, Gonzalez R, McCarthy MJ. Pharmacological Manipulation of the Circadian Clock: A Possible Approach to the Management of Bipolar Disorder. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:981-999. [PMID: 31625128 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-019-00673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder with genetic and neurobiological underpinnings, characterized primarily by recurrent episodes of mania and depression, with notable disruptions in rhythmic behaviors such as sleep, energy, appetite and attention. The chronobiological links to BD are further supported by the effectiveness of various treatment modalities such as bright light, circadian phase advance, and mood-stabilizing drugs such as lithium that have effects on the circadian clock. Over the past 30 years, the neurobiology of the circadian clock has been exquisitely described and there now exists a detailed knowledge of key signaling pathways, neurotransmitters and signaling mechanisms that regulate various dimensions of circadian clock function. With this new wealth of information, it is becoming increasingly plausible that new drugs for BD could be made by targeting molecular elements of the circadian clock. However, circadian rhythms are multidimensional and complex, involving unique, time-dependent factors that are not typically considered in drug development. We review the organization of the circadian clock in the central nervous system and briefly summarize data implicating the circadian clock in BD. We then consider some of the unique aspects of the circadian clock as a drug target in BD, discuss key methodological considerations and evaluate some of the candidate clock pathways and systems that could serve as potential targets for novel mood stabilizers. We expect this work will serve as a roadmap to facilitate the development of compounds acting on the circadian clock for the treatment of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Porcu
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Robert Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA
| | - Michael J McCarthy
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Psychiatry Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr MC116A, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
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43
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Hinton DJ, Andres-Beck LG, Nett KE, Oliveros A, Choi S, Veldic M, Choi DS. Chronic caffeine exposure in adolescence promotes diurnal, biphasic mood-cycling and enhanced motivation for reward in adult mice. Behav Brain Res 2019; 370:111943. [PMID: 31095992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent's consumption of caffeine and caffeinated beverage is increasing, yet little is known about the consequences of chronic caffeine exposure during the critical development period of adolescence. In the present study, we investigated the effect of beginning chronic caffeine consumption in adolescence on locomotor, mood, sensorimotor gating, and reward seeking behaviors through adolescence and in adulthood. During the light cycle, caffeine exposed mice exhibited hypoactivity in a novel open-field box and increased anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors, while maintaining normal home cage locomotor activity. In contrast, during the dark cycle caffeine exposed mice displayed normal locomotor activity in a novel open-field box with hyperactive home cage activity. Interestingly, we found that caffeine exposed mice also showed enhanced prepulse inhibition during the light cycle whereas they displayed a deficit of prepulse inhibition during the dark cycle. Reward seeking for sucrose was higher in caffeine exposed than control mice during the light cycle. Additionally, when granted 24 -h access to ethanol as adults, caffeine exposed mice consumed more ethanol in the absence of acute caffeine use. Altogether, mice that consumed chronic caffeine beginning in adolescence had increased reward seeking and exhibited a circadian-dependent pattern of mood fluctuations in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hinton
- Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lindsey G Andres-Beck
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kelle E Nett
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alfredo Oliveros
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sun Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Marin Veldic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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44
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Paul JR, Davis JA, Goode LK, Becker BK, Fusilier A, Meador-Woodruff A, Gamble KL. Circadian regulation of membrane physiology in neural oscillators throughout the brain. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:109-138. [PMID: 30633846 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four-hour rhythmicity in physiology and behavior are driven by changes in neurophysiological activity that vary across the light-dark and rest-activity cycle. Although this neural code is most prominent in neurons of the primary circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, there are many other regions in the brain where region-specific function and behavioral rhythmicity may be encoded by changes in electrical properties of those neurons. In this review, we explore the existing evidence for molecular clocks and/or neurophysiological rhythms (i.e., 24 hr) in brain regions outside the SCN. In addition, we highlight the brain regions that are ripe for future investigation into the critical role of circadian rhythmicity for local oscillators. For example, the cerebellum expresses rhythmicity in over 2,000 gene transcripts, and yet we know very little about how circadian regulation drives 24-hr changes in the neural coding responsible for motor coordination. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of how our understanding of circadian regulation of electrical properties may yield insight into disease mechanisms which may lead to novel chronotherapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi R Paul
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jennifer A Davis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lacy K Goode
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Bryan K Becker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Allison Fusilier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Aidan Meador-Woodruff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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45
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Wendler E, de Souza CP, Dornellas APS, Santos LE, Ferreira ST, Galduróz JCF, Wöhr M, Schwarting RKW, Andreatini R. Mania-like elevated mood in rats: Enhanced 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations after sleep deprivation. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 88:142-150. [PMID: 29981775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mania is characterized by elevated drive and mood but animal models of mania have often neglected elevated mood. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) of 50-kHz emitted by rats are thought to index the subject's positive affective state. Fifty-kHz USV emission is increased by amphetamine, an effect blocked by lithium administration. Sleep deprivation (SD) is an environmental model of mania and the present study evaluated SD effects on behavioral activity and USV emission, together with the impact of lithium treatment. Adult rats were submitted to 24h or 72h SD, and locomotor activity and USV emission were assessed. To test their sensitivity to a standard antimanic drug, these behavioral parameters were also evaluated after acute administration of lithium carbonate (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg, i.p.). Striatal monoamine content was measured post-mortem. SD (24h and 72h) led to increased locomotor activity, rearing behavior and 50-kHz USV emission, together with a change in the call profile characterized by an increase in the percentage of frequency-modulated 50-kHz USV, which may indicate the mania-like consequences of SD. Importantly, all SD effects were reverted by lithium administration. SD also led to a decrease in dopamine content in the ventral striatum, while increasing dopamine turnover. In conclusion, SD increased 50-kHz USV emission, an effect prevented by acute lithium administration. This suggests 50-kHz USV as a new marker for mania-like elevated mood, which shows construct validity (associated with increased dopaminergic tone), face validity (reflecting increased positive affect) and predictive validity (high sensitivity to lithium treatment).
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Affiliation(s)
- Etieli Wendler
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, C.P. 19031, 81540-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila Pasquini de Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, C.P. 19031, 81540-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Segantine Dornellas
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, C.P. 19031, 81540-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Santos
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho & Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho & Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Fernandes Galduróz
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925, São Paulo, SP 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Markus Wöhr
- Behavioural Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rainer K W Schwarting
- Behavioural Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roberto Andreatini
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, C.P. 19031, 81540-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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46
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Hannou L, Roy P, Ballester Roig MN, Mongrain V. Transcriptional control of synaptic components by the clock machinery. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:241-267. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Hannou
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research CenterHôpital du Sacré‐Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversité de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Pierre‐Gabriel Roy
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research CenterHôpital du Sacré‐Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversité de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Maria Neus Ballester Roig
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research CenterHôpital du Sacré‐Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversité de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Valérie Mongrain
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research CenterHôpital du Sacré‐Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM) Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversité de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
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Abstract
Many processes in the human body - including brain function - are regulated over the 24-hour cycle, and there are strong associations between disrupted circadian rhythms (for example, sleep-wake cycles) and disorders of the CNS. Brain disorders such as autism, depression and Parkinson disease typically develop at certain stages of life, and circadian rhythms are important during each stage of life for the regulation of processes that may influence the development of these disorders. Here, we describe circadian disruptions observed in various brain disorders throughout the human lifespan and highlight emerging evidence suggesting these disruptions affect the brain. Currently, much of the evidence linking brain disorders and circadian dysfunction is correlational, and so whether and what kind of causal relationships might exist are unclear. We therefore identify remaining questions that may direct future research towards a better understanding of the links between circadian disruption and CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Logan
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Colleen A McClung
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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48
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Parekh PK, Becker-Krail D, Sundaravelu P, Ishigaki S, Okado H, Sobue G, Huang Y, McClung CA. Altered GluA1 (Gria1) Function and Accumbal Synaptic Plasticity in the ClockΔ19 Model of Bipolar Mania. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:817-826. [PMID: 28780133 PMCID: PMC5745309 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruptions in circadian rhythms are associated with an increased risk for bipolar disorder. Moreover, studies show that the circadian protein CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) is involved in regulating monoaminergic systems and mood-related behavior. However, the molecular and synaptic mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. METHODS Using ex vivo whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology in ClockΔ19 mutant and wild-type mice we characterized alterations in excitatory synaptic transmission, strength, and intrinsic excitability of nucleus accumbens (NAc) neurons. We performed protein crosslinking and Western blot analysis to examine surface and intracellular levels and rhythm of the glutamate receptor subunit, GluA1, in the NAc. Viral-mediated overexpression of Gria1 in the NAc and behavioral assays were also used. RESULTS Compared with wild-type mice, ClockΔ19 mice display reduced alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor-mediated excitatory synaptic responses at NAc medium spiny neurons. These alterations are likely postsynaptic, as presynaptic release of glutamate onto medium spiny neurons is unaltered in mutant mice. Additionally, NAc surface protein levels and the rhythm of GRIA1 are decreased in ClockΔ19 mice diurnally, consistent with reduced functional synaptic response. Furthermore, we observed a significantly hyperpolarized resting membrane potential of ClockΔ19 medium spiny neurons, suggesting lowered intrinsic excitability. Last, overexpression of functional Gria1 in the NAc of mutant mice was able to normalize increased exploratory drive and reward sensitivity behavior when mice are in a manic-like state. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings demonstrate that NAc excitatory signaling via Gria1 expression is integral to the effects of Clock gene disruption on manic-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja K. Parekh
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Darius Becker-Krail
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Poornima Sundaravelu
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Shinsuke Ishigaki
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Haruo Okado
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yanhua Huang
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Colleen A. McClung
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
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49
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Timothy JWS, Klas N, Sanghani HR, Al-Mansouri T, Hughes ATL, Kirshenbaum GS, Brienza V, Belle MDC, Ralph MR, Clapcote SJ, Piggins HD. Circadian Disruptions in the Myshkin Mouse Model of Mania Are Independent of Deficits in Suprachiasmatic Molecular Clock Function. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:827-837. [PMID: 28689605 PMCID: PMC6218650 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in environmental light and intrinsic circadian function have strong associations with mood disorders. The neural origins underpinning these changes remain unclear, although genetic deficits in the molecular clock regularly render mice with altered mood-associated phenotypes. METHODS A detailed circadian and light-associated behavioral characterization of the Na+/K+-ATPase α3 Myshkin (Myk/+) mouse model of mania was performed. Na+/K+-ATPase α3 does not reside within the core circadian molecular clockwork, but Myk/+ mice exhibit concomitant disruption in circadian rhythms and mood. The neural basis of this phenotype was investigated through molecular and electrophysiological dissection of the master circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Light input and glutamatergic signaling to the SCN were concomitantly assessed through behavioral assays and calcium imaging. RESULTS In vivo assays revealed several circadian abnormalities including lengthened period and instability of behavioral rhythms, and elevated metabolic rate. Grossly aberrant responses to light included accentuated resetting, accelerated re-entrainment, and an absence of locomotor suppression. Bioluminescent recording of circadian clock protein (PERIOD2) output from ex vivo SCN revealed no deficits in Myk/+ molecular clock function. Optic nerve crush rescued the circadian period of Myk/+ behavior, highlighting that afferent inputs are critical upstream mediators. Electrophysiological and calcium imaging SCN recordings demonstrated changes in the response to glutamatergic stimulation as well as the electrical output indicative of altered retinal input processing. CONCLUSIONS The Myshkin model demonstrates profound circadian and light-responsive behavioral alterations independent of molecular clock disruption. Afferent light signaling drives behavioral changes and raises new mechanistic implications for circadian disruption in affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W S Timothy
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - Natasza Klas
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | | | | | - Alun T L Hughes
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - Greer S Kirshenbaum
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vincent Brienza
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mino D C Belle
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - Martin R Ralph
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven J Clapcote
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh D Piggins
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester.
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50
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Freyberg Z, Logan RW. The Intertwined Roles of Circadian Rhythms and Neuronal Metabolism Fueling Drug Reward and Addiction. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 5:80-89. [PMID: 30631826 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a highly prevalent and devastating disorder with few effective treatments, resulting in enormous burdens on family and society. The cellular and behavioral effects of drugs of abuse are related to their abilities to elevate synaptic dopamine levels. Midbrain dopaminergic neurons projecting from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens play crucial roles in substance-induced neural and behavioral plasticity. Significantly, increasing work suggests that interplay between the brain circadian system and the cellular bioenergetic machinery in these dopamine neurons plays a critical role in mediating the actions of drugs of abuse. Here, we describe recent progress in elucidating the interconnections between circadian and metabolic systems at the molecular and cellular levels and their relationships to modulation of drug reward and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Freyberg
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, pittsburgh, PA, USA 15219.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA 15213
| | - Ryan W Logan
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, pittsburgh, PA, USA 15219.,Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609
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