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Vaz A, Salgado A, Patrício P, Pinto L. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells: Tools to advance the understanding and drug discovery in Major Depressive Disorder. Psychiatry Res 2024; 339:116033. [PMID: 38968917 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a pleomorphic disease with substantial patterns of symptoms and severity with mensurable deficits in several associated domains. The broad spectrum of phenotypes observed in patients diagnosed with depressive disorders is the reflection of a very complex disease where clusters of biological and external factors (e.g., response/processing of life events, intrapsychic factors) converge and mediate pathogenesis, clinical presentation/phenotypes and trajectory. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) enable their differentiation into specialised cell types in the central nervous system to explore the pathophysiological substrates of MDD. These models may complement animal models to advance drug discovery and identify therapeutic approaches, such as cell therapy, drug repurposing, and elucidation of drug metabolism, toxicity, and mechanisms of action at the molecular/cellular level, to pave the way for precision psychiatry. Despite the remarkable scientific and clinical progress made over the last few decades, the disease is still poorly understood, the incidence and prevalence continue to increase, and more research is needed to meet clinical demands. This review aims to summarise and provide a critical overview of the research conducted thus far using patient-derived iPSCs for the modelling of psychiatric disorders, with a particular emphasis on MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Vaz
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; Bn'ML, Behavioral and Molecular Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - António Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Patrício
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; Bn'ML, Behavioral and Molecular Lab, Braga, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; Bn'ML, Behavioral and Molecular Lab, Braga, Portugal.
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2
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Nisar R, Inamullah A, Ghalib AUF, Nisar H, Sarkaki A, Afzal A, Tariq M, Batool Z, Haider S. Geraniol mitigates anxiety-like behaviors in rats by reducing oxidative stress, repairing impaired hippocampal neurotransmission, and normalizing brain cortical-EEG wave patterns after a single electric foot-shock exposure. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116771. [PMID: 38795639 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety-like conditions can interfere with daily activities as the adaptive mechanism fails to cope with stress. These conditions are often linked with increased oxidative stress, and abrupt neurotransmission and electroencephalography (EEG) wave pattern. Geraniol, a monoterpenoid, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as brain-calming effects. Therefore, in this study, geraniol was tested for the potential anxiolytic effects in a rat model of anxiety. The rats were exposed to an electric foot shock (1 mA for 1 s) to develop anxiety-like symptoms. Treatment was carried out using geraniol (10 and 30 mg/kg) and the standard diazepam drug. The behavior of the rats was analyzed using the open field test, light-dark test, and social interaction test. Afterward, the rats were decapitated to collect samples for neurochemical and biochemical analyses. The cortical-EEG wave pattern was also obtained. The study revealed that the electric foot shock induced anxiety-like symptoms, increased oxidative stress, and altered hippocampal neurotransmitter levels. The power of low-beta and high-beta was amplified with the increased coupling of delta-beta waves in anxiety group. However, the treatment with geraniol and diazepam normalized cortical-EEG wave pattern and hippocampal serotonin and catecholamines profile which was also reflected by reduced anxious behavior and normalized antioxidant levels. The study reports an anxiolytic potential of geraniol, which can be further explored in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida Nisar
- Husein Ebrahim Jamal Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aimen Inamullah
- Husein Ebrahim Jamal Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ullah Faiz Ghalib
- Husein Ebrahim Jamal Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hareem Nisar
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Asia Afzal
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Tariq
- Dual General Adult and Old Age Trainee, Humber Teaching NHS Foundation Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Zehra Batool
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Saida Haider
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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3
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Wang L, Mirabella VR, Dai R, Su X, Xu R, Jadali A, Bernabucci M, Singh I, Chen Y, Tian J, Jiang P, Kwan KY, Pak C, Liu C, Comoletti D, Hart RP, Chen C, Südhof TC, Pang ZP. Analyses of the autism-associated neuroligin-3 R451C mutation in human neurons reveal a gain-of-function synaptic mechanism. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1620-1635. [PMID: 36280753 PMCID: PMC10123180 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in many synaptic genes are associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), suggesting that synaptic dysfunction is a key driver of ASD pathogenesis. Among these mutations, the R451C substitution in the NLGN3 gene that encodes the postsynaptic adhesion molecule Neuroligin-3 is noteworthy because it was the first specific mutation linked to ASDs. In mice, the corresponding Nlgn3 R451C-knockin mutation recapitulates social interaction deficits of ASD patients and produces synaptic abnormalities, but the impact of the NLGN3 R451C mutation on human neurons has not been investigated. Here, we generated human knockin neurons with the NLGN3 R451C and NLGN3 null mutations. Strikingly, analyses of NLGN3 R451C-mutant neurons revealed that the R451C mutation decreased NLGN3 protein levels but enhanced the strength of excitatory synapses without affecting inhibitory synapses; meanwhile NLGN3 knockout neurons showed reduction in excitatory synaptic strengths. Moreover, overexpression of NLGN3 R451C recapitulated the synaptic enhancement in human neurons. Notably, the augmentation of excitatory transmission was confirmed in vivo with human neurons transplanted into mouse forebrain. Using single-cell RNA-seq experiments with co-cultured excitatory and inhibitory NLGN3 R451C-mutant neurons, we identified differentially expressed genes in relatively mature human neurons corresponding to synaptic gene expression networks. Moreover, gene ontology and enrichment analyses revealed convergent gene networks associated with ASDs and other mental disorders. Our findings suggest that the NLGN3 R451C mutation induces a gain-of-function enhancement in excitatory synaptic transmission that may contribute to the pathophysiology of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Vincent R Mirabella
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Rujia Dai
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Xiao Su
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Ranjie Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Azadeh Jadali
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Matteo Bernabucci
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Ishnoor Singh
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Jianghua Tian
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Kevin Y Kwan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - ChangHui Pak
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, 710000, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Davide Comoletti
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Ronald P Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Chao Chen
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Zhiping P Pang
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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4
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Triebelhorn J, Cardon I, Kuffner K, Bader S, Jahner T, Meindl K, Rothhammer-Hampl T, Riemenschneider MJ, Drexler K, Berneburg M, Nothdurfter C, Manook A, Brochhausen C, Baghai TC, Hilbert S, Rupprecht R, Milenkovic VM, Wetzel CH. Induced neural progenitor cells and iPS-neurons from major depressive disorder patients show altered bioenergetics and electrophysiological properties. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1217-1227. [PMID: 35732695 PMCID: PMC11189806 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The molecular pathomechanisms of major depressive disorder (MDD) are still not completely understood. Here, we follow the hypothesis, that mitochondria dysfunction which is inevitably associated with bioenergetic disbalance is a risk factor that contributes to the susceptibility of an individual to develop MDD. Thus, we investigated molecular mechanisms related to mitochondrial function in induced neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) which were reprogrammed from fibroblasts of eight MDD patients and eight non-depressed controls. We found significantly lower maximal respiration rates, altered cytosolic basal calcium levels, and smaller soma size in NPCs derived from MDD patients. These findings are partially consistent with our earlier observations in MDD patient-derived fibroblasts. Furthermore, we differentiated MDD and control NPCs into iPS-neurons and analyzed their passive biophysical and active electrophysiological properties to investigate whether neuronal function can be related to altered mitochondrial activity and bioenergetics. Interestingly, MDD patient-derived iPS-neurons showed significantly lower membrane capacitance, a less hyperpolarized membrane potential, increased Na+ current density and increased spontaneous electrical activity. Our findings indicate that functional differences evident in fibroblasts derived from MDD patients are partially present after reprogramming to induced-NPCs, could relate to altered function of iPS-neurons and thus might be associated with the aetiology of major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Triebelhorn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Iseline Cardon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kuffner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bader
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Jahner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Meindl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Rothhammer-Hampl
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Konstantin Drexler
- Department of Dermatology, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Nothdurfter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - André Manook
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Brochhausen
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Central Biobank of the University of Regensburg and the Regensburg University Hospital, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas C Baghai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sven Hilbert
- Institute of Educational Research, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir M Milenkovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian H Wetzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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5
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Spathopoulou A, Sauerwein GA, Marteau V, Podlesnic M, Lindlbauer T, Kipura T, Hotze M, Gabassi E, Kruszewski K, Koskuvi M, Réthelyi JM, Apáti Á, Conti L, Ku M, Koal T, Müller U, Talmazan RA, Ojansuu I, Vaurio O, Lähteenvuo M, Lehtonen Š, Mertens J, Kwiatkowski M, Günther K, Tiihonen J, Koistinaho J, Trajanoski Z, Edenhofer F. Integrative metabolomics-genomics analysis identifies key networks in a stem cell-based model of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02568-8. [PMID: 38684795 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a neuropsychiatric disorder, caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The etiology behind the disorder remains elusive although it is hypothesized to be associated with the aberrant response to neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and glutamate. Therefore, investigating the link between dysregulated metabolites and distorted neurodevelopment holds promise to offer valuable insights into the underlying mechanism of this complex disorder. In this study, we aimed to explore a presumed correlation between the transcriptome and the metabolome in a SCZ model based on patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). For this, iPSCs were differentiated towards cortical neurons and samples were collected longitudinally at various developmental stages, reflecting neuroepithelial-like cells, radial glia, young and mature neurons. The samples were analyzed by both RNA-sequencing and targeted metabolomics and the two modalities were used to construct integrative networks in silico. This multi-omics analysis revealed significant perturbations in the polyamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthetic pathways during rosette maturation in SCZ lines. We particularly observed the downregulation of the glutamate decarboxylase encoding genes GAD1 and GAD2, as well as their protein product GAD65/67 and their biochemical product GABA in SCZ samples. Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase resulted in further decrease of GABA levels suggesting a compensatory activation of the ornithine/putrescine pathway as an alternative route for GABA production. These findings indicate an imbalance of cortical excitatory/inhibitory dynamics occurring during early neurodevelopmental stages in SCZ. Our study supports the hypothesis of disruption of inhibitory circuits to be causative for SCZ and establishes a novel in silico approach that enables for integrative correlation of metabolic and transcriptomic data of psychiatric disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Spathopoulou
- Institute of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriella A Sauerwein
- Institute of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Valentin Marteau
- Institute of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Podlesnic
- Institute of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Theresa Lindlbauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tobias Kipura
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Madlen Hotze
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elisa Gabassi
- Institute of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Kruszewski
- Institute of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marja Koskuvi
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - János M Réthelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágota Apáti
- HUN-REN RCNS, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luciano Conti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Manching Ku
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Udo Müller
- biocrates life sciences AG, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Ilkka Ojansuu
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Kuopio, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Vaurio
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Kuopio, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Lähteenvuo
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Kuopio, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Šárka Lehtonen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jerome Mertens
- Institute of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Neurosciences, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Marcel Kwiatkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Günther
- Institute of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Kuopio, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frank Edenhofer
- Institute of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Choi W, Choe MS, Kim SM, Kim SJ, Lee J, Lee Y, Lee SM, Dho SH, Lee MY, Kim LK. RFX4 is an intrinsic factor for neuronal differentiation through induction of proneural genes POU3F2 and NEUROD1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:99. [PMID: 38386071 PMCID: PMC10884155 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Proneural genes play a crucial role in neuronal differentiation. However, our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing proneural genes during neuronal differentiation remains limited. RFX4, identified as a candidate regulator of proneural genes, has been reported to be associated with the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. To uncover the regulatory relationship, we utilized a combination of multi-omics data, including ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq, Hi-C, and RNA-seq, to identify RFX4 as an upstream regulator of proneural genes. We further validated the role of RFX4 using an in vitro model of neuronal differentiation with RFX4 knock-in and a CRISPR-Cas9 knock-out system. As a result, we found that RFX4 directly interacts with the promoters of POU3F2 and NEUROD1. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a set of genes associated with neuronal development, which are highly implicated in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Notably, ectopic expression of RFX4 can drive human embryonic stem cells toward a neuronal fate. Our results strongly indicate that RFX4 serves as a direct upstream regulator of proneural genes, a role that is essential for normal neuronal development. Impairments in RFX4 function could potentially be related to the development of various neuropsychiatric disorders. However, understanding the precise mechanisms by which the RFX4 gene influences the onset of neuropsychiatric disorders requires further investigation through human genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyoung Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu Seog Choe
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Min Lee
- Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Dho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lark Kyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Niemsiri V, Rosenthal SB, Nievergelt CM, Maihofer AX, Marchetto MC, Santos R, Shekhtman T, Alliey-Rodriguez N, Anand A, Balaraman Y, Berrettini WH, Bertram H, Burdick KE, Calabrese JR, Calkin CV, Conroy C, Coryell WH, DeModena A, Eyler LT, Feeder S, Fisher C, Frazier N, Frye MA, Gao K, Garnham J, Gershon ES, Goes FS, Goto T, Harrington GJ, Jakobsen P, Kamali M, Kelly M, Leckband SG, Lohoff FW, McCarthy MJ, McInnis MG, Craig D, Millett CE, Mondimore F, Morken G, Nurnberger JI, Donovan CO, Øedegaard KJ, Ryan K, Schinagle M, Shilling PD, Slaney C, Stapp EK, Stautland A, Tarwater B, Zandi PP, Alda M, Fisch KM, Gage FH, Kelsoe JR. Focal adhesion is associated with lithium response in bipolar disorder: evidence from a network-based multi-omics analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:6-19. [PMID: 36991131 PMCID: PMC11078741 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01909-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) is one of the most effective drugs for treating bipolar disorder (BD), however, there is presently no way to predict response to guide treatment. The aim of this study is to identify functional genes and pathways that distinguish BD Li responders (LR) from BD Li non-responders (NR). An initial Pharmacogenomics of Bipolar Disorder study (PGBD) GWAS of lithium response did not provide any significant results. As a result, we then employed network-based integrative analysis of transcriptomic and genomic data. In transcriptomic study of iPSC-derived neurons, 41 significantly differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified in LR vs NR regardless of lithium exposure. In the PGBD, post-GWAS gene prioritization using the GWA-boosting (GWAB) approach identified 1119 candidate genes. Following DE-derived network propagation, there was a highly significant overlap of genes between the top 500- and top 2000-proximal gene networks and the GWAB gene list (Phypergeometric = 1.28E-09 and 4.10E-18, respectively). Functional enrichment analyses of the top 500 proximal network genes identified focal adhesion and the extracellular matrix (ECM) as the most significant functions. Our findings suggest that the difference between LR and NR was a much greater effect than that of lithium. The direct impact of dysregulation of focal adhesion on axon guidance and neuronal circuits could underpin mechanisms of response to lithium, as well as underlying BD. It also highlights the power of integrative multi-omics analysis of transcriptomic and genomic profiling to gain molecular insights into lithium response in BD.
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Grants
- R01 MH095741 NIMH NIH HHS
- UL1 TR001442 NCATS NIH HHS
- U19 MH106434 NIMH NIH HHS
- U01 MH092758 NIMH NIH HHS
- T32 MH018399 NIMH NIH HHS
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
- Department of Veterans Affairs | Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System (VA San Diego Healthcare System)
- The Halifax group (MA, CVC, JG, CO, and CS) is supported by grants from Canadian Institutes of Health Research (#166098), ERA PerMed project PLOT-BD, Research Nova Scotia, Genome Atlantic, Nova Scotia Health Authority and Dalhousie Medical Research Foundation (Lindsay Family Fund).
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)
- U19MH106434, part of the National Cooperative Reprogrammed Cell Research Groups (NCRCRG) to Study Mental Illness. AHA-Allen Initiative in Brain Health and Cognitive Impairment Award (19PABH134610000). The JPB Foundation, Bob and Mary Jane Engman, Annette C Merle-Smith, R01 MH095741, and Lynn and Edward Streim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipavee Niemsiri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sara Brin Rosenthal
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Adam X Maihofer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maria C Marchetto
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Renata Santos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- University of Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1261266, Laboratory of Dynamics of Neuronal Structure in Health and Disease, Paris, France
| | - Tatyana Shekhtman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ney Alliey-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amit Anand
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yokesh Balaraman
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wade H Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Holli Bertram
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph R Calabrese
- Mood Disorders Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Mood Disorders Program, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cynthia V Calkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Carla Conroy
- Mood Disorders Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Mood Disorders Program, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Anna DeModena
- Psychiatry Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lisa T Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott Feeder
- Department of Psychiatry, The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Carrie Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nicole Frazier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry, The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Keming Gao
- Mood Disorders Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Mood Disorders Program, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Julie Garnham
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fernando S Goes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Toyomi Goto
- Mood Disorders Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Petter Jakobsen
- Norment, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital and Department of Clinical medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Masoud Kamali
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marisa Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susan G Leckband
- Psychiatry Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J McCarthy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Melvin G McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David Craig
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin E Millett
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francis Mondimore
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gunnar Morken
- Division of Mental Health Care, St Olavs University Hospital, and Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Ketil J Øedegaard
- Norment, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital and Department of Clinical medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kelly Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martha Schinagle
- Mood Disorders Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paul D Shilling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Claire Slaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Emma K Stapp
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Stautland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bruce Tarwater
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter P Zandi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Kathleen M Fisch
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John R Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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8
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Niemis W, Peterson SR, Javier C, Nguyen A, Subiah S, Palmer RHC. On the utilization of the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model to study substance use disorders: A scoping review protocol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292238. [PMID: 37824561 PMCID: PMC10569547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are cells derived from somatic cells via reprogramming techniques. The iPSC approach has been increasingly used in neuropsychiatric research in the last decade. Though substance use disorders (SUDs) are a commonly occurring psychiatric disorder, the application of iPSC model in addiction research has been limited. No comprehensive review has been reported. We conducted a scoping review to collate existing evidence on the iPSC technologies applied to SUD research. We aim to identify current knowledge gaps and limitations in order to advance the use of iPSCs in the SUD field. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We employed a scoping review using the methodological framework first created by Arksey and O'Malley and further updated by Levac et al. and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). We adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Protocols (PRISMA-P) to report items for the protocol. We searched evidence from four electronic databases: PubMed®, Embase®, Web of Science™, and Scopus®. Primary research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were included and limited to studies published in English, at the time from 2007 to March 2022. This is an "ongoing" scoping review. Searched studies will be independently screened, selected, and extracted by two reviewers. Disagreement will be solved by the third reviewer and discussion. Extracted data will be analyzed in descriptive and quantitative approaches, then summarized and presented in appropriate formats. Results will be reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guideline and disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations. CONCLUSION To our best knowledge, this is the first comprehensive scoping review of iPSC methods specifically applied to a broad range of addictive drugs/substances that lead to SUDs or misuse behavior. REGISTRATION This protocol is registered on Zenodo repository (https://zenodo.org/) with doi:10.5281/zenodo.7915252.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasiri Niemis
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Shenita R. Peterson
- Woodruff Health Sciences Center Library, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Chrisabella Javier
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Amy Nguyen
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Sanchi Subiah
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Rohan H. C. Palmer
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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9
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Pandamooz S, Salehi MS, Jurek B, Meinung CP, Azarpira N, Dianatpour M, Neumann ID. Oxytocin Receptor Expression in Hair Follicle Stem Cells: A Promising Model for Biological and Therapeutic Discovery in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2510-2524. [PMID: 37548806 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The intricate nature of the human brain and the limitations of existing model systems to study molecular and cellular causes of neuropsychiatric disorders represent a major challenge for basic research. The promising progress in patient-derived stem cell technology and in our knowledge on the role of the brain oxytocin (OXT) system in health and disease offer new possibilities in that direction. In this study, the rat hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) were isolated and expanded in vitro. The expression of oxytocin receptors (OXTR) was evaluated in these cells. The cellular viability was assessed 12 h post stimulation with OXT. The activation of OXTR-coupled intracellular signaling cascades, following OXT treatment was determined. Also, the influence of OXT on neurite outgrowth and cytoskeletal rearrangement were defined. The assessment of OXTR protein expression revealed this receptor is expressed abundantly in HFSCs. As evidenced by the cell viability assay, no adverse or cytotoxic effects were detected following 12 h treatment with different concentrations of OXT. Moreover, OXTR stimulation by OXT resulted in ERK1/2, CREB, and eEF2 activation, neurite length alterations, and cytoskeletal rearrangements that reveal the functionality of this receptor in HFSCs. Here, we introduced the rat HFSCs as an easy-to-obtain stem cell model that express functional OXTR. This cell-based model can contribute to our understanding of the progression and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders with oxytocinergic system deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Molecular and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Department of Molecular and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Benjamin Jurek
- Department of Molecular and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Carl-Philipp Meinung
- Department of Molecular and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Inga D Neumann
- Department of Molecular and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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10
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Stogsdill JA, Harwell CC, Goldman SA. Astrocytes as master modulators of neural networks: Synaptic functions and disease-associated dysfunction of astrocytes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1525:41-60. [PMID: 37219367 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type in the central nervous system and are essential to the development, plasticity, and maintenance of neural circuits. Astrocytes are heterogeneous, with their diversity rooted in developmental programs modulated by the local brain environment. Astrocytes play integral roles in regulating and coordinating neural activity extending far beyond their metabolic support of neurons and other brain cell phenotypes. Both gray and white matter astrocytes occupy critical functional niches capable of modulating brain physiology on time scales slower than synaptic activity but faster than those adaptive responses requiring a structural change or adaptive myelination. Given their many associations and functional roles, it is not surprising that astrocytic dysfunction has been causally implicated in a broad set of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we focus on recent discoveries concerning the contributions of astrocytes to the function of neural networks, with a dual focus on the contribution of astrocytes to synaptic development and maturation, and on their role in supporting myelin integrity, and hence conduction and its regulation. We then address the emerging roles of astrocytic dysfunction in disease pathogenesis and on potential strategies for targeting these cells for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corey C Harwell
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven A Goldman
- Sana Biotechnology Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Krčmář L, Jäger I, Boudriot E, Hanken K, Gabriel V, Melcher J, Klimas N, Dengl F, Schmoelz S, Pingen P, Campana M, Moussiopoulou J, Yakimov V, Ioannou G, Wichert S, DeJonge S, Zill P, Papazov B, de Almeida V, Galinski S, Gabellini N, Hasanaj G, Mortazavi M, Karali T, Hisch A, Kallweit MS, Meisinger VJ, Löhrs L, Neumeier K, Behrens S, Karch S, Schworm B, Kern C, Priglinger S, Malchow B, Steiner J, Hasan A, Padberg F, Pogarell O, Falkai P, Schmitt A, Wagner E, Keeser D, Raabe FJ. The multimodal Munich Clinical Deep Phenotyping study to bridge the translational gap in severe mental illness treatment research. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1179811. [PMID: 37215661 PMCID: PMC10196006 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1179811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Treatment of severe mental illness (SMI) symptoms, especially negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, remains a major unmet need. There is good evidence that SMIs have a strong genetic background and are characterized by multiple biological alterations, including disturbed brain circuits and connectivity, dysregulated neuronal excitation-inhibition, disturbed dopaminergic and glutamatergic pathways, and partially dysregulated inflammatory processes. The ways in which the dysregulated signaling pathways are interconnected remains largely unknown, in part because well-characterized clinical studies on comprehensive biomaterial are lacking. Furthermore, the development of drugs to treat SMIs such as schizophrenia is limited by the use of operationalized symptom-based clusters for diagnosis. Methods In line with the Research Domain Criteria initiative, the Clinical Deep Phenotyping (CDP) study is using a multimodal approach to reveal the neurobiological underpinnings of clinically relevant schizophrenia subgroups by performing broad transdiagnostic clinical characterization with standardized neurocognitive assessments, multimodal neuroimaging, electrophysiological assessments, retinal investigations, and omics-based analyzes of blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Moreover, to bridge the translational gap in biological psychiatry the study includes in vitro investigations on human-induced pluripotent stem cells, which are available from a subset of participants. Results Here, we report on the feasibility of this multimodal approach, which has been successfully initiated in the first participants in the CDP cohort; to date, the cohort comprises over 194 individuals with SMI and 187 age and gender matched healthy controls. In addition, we describe the applied research modalities and study objectives. Discussion The identification of cross-diagnostic and diagnosis-specific biotype-informed subgroups of patients and the translational dissection of those subgroups may help to pave the way toward precision medicine with artificial intelligence-supported tailored interventions and treatment. This aim is particularly important in psychiatry, a field where innovation is urgently needed because specific symptom domains, such as negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction, and treatment-resistant symptoms in general are still difficult to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Krčmář
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
| | - Iris Jäger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Emanuel Boudriot
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Hanken
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Gabriel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Melcher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Klimas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fanny Dengl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Schmoelz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pauline Pingen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mattia Campana
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joanna Moussiopoulou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vladislav Yakimov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georgios Ioannou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Wichert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia DeJonge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Zill
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Papazov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Valéria de Almeida
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Galinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadja Gabellini
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Genc Hasanaj
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matin Mortazavi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Temmuz Karali
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Hisch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel S Kallweit
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena J. Meisinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Löhrs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Neumeier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Behrens
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Karch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schworm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Kern
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Berend Malchow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics of the University Augsburg, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Frank Padberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Pogarell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elias Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Neurosciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian J. Raabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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12
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Eade KT, Ansell BRE, Giles S, Fallon R, Harkins-Perry S, Nagasaki T, Tzaridis S, Wallace M, Mills EA, Farashi S, Johnson A, Sauer L, Hart B, Diaz-Rubio ME, Bahlo M, Metallo C, Allikmets R, Gantner ML, Bernstein PS, Friedlander M. iPSC-derived retinal pigmented epithelial cells from patients with macular telangiectasia show decreased mitochondrial function. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163771. [PMID: 37115691 PMCID: PMC10145939 DOI: 10.1172/jci163771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a powerful tool for identifying cellular and molecular mechanisms of disease. Macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) is a rare, late-onset degenerative retinal disease with an extremely heterogeneous genetic architecture, lending itself to the use of iPSCs. Whole-exome sequencing screens and pedigree analyses have identified rare causative mutations that account for less than 5% of cases. Metabolomic surveys of patient populations and GWAS have linked MacTel to decreased circulating levels of serine and elevated levels of neurotoxic 1-deoxysphingolipids (1-dSLs). However, retina-specific, disease-contributing factors have yet to be identified. Here, we used iPSC-differentiated retinal pigmented epithelial (iRPE) cells derived from donors with or without MacTel to screen for novel cell-intrinsic pathological mechanisms. We show that MacTel iRPE cells mimicked the low serine levels observed in serum from patients with MacTel. Through RNA-Seq and gene set enrichment pathway analysis, we determined that MacTel iRPE cells are enriched in cellular stress pathways and dysregulation of central carbon metabolism. Using respirometry and mitochondrial stress testing, we functionally validated that MacTel iRPE cells had a reduction in mitochondrial function that was independent of defects in serine biosynthesis and 1-dSL accumulation. Thus, we identified phenotypes that may constitute alternative disease mechanisms beyond the known serine/sphingolipid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T. Eade
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brendan Robert E. Ansell
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Giles
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Regis Fallon
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sarah Harkins-Perry
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Takayuki Nagasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology and
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Simone Tzaridis
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martina Wallace
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth A. Mills
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Samaneh Farashi
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alec Johnson
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lydia Sauer
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Barbara Hart
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - M. Elena Diaz-Rubio
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian Metallo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rando Allikmets
- Department of Ophthalmology and
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marin L. Gantner
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Paul S. Bernstein
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Martin Friedlander
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, California, USA
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13
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Alaverdian D, Corradi AM, Sterlini B, Benfenati F, Murru L, Passafaro M, Brunetti J, Meloni I, Mari F, Renieri A, Frullanti E. Modelling PCDH19 clustering epilepsy by Neurogenin 2 induction of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. Epileptic Disord 2023. [PMID: 37186408 DOI: 10.1002/epd2.20065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of function mutations in PCDH19 gene cause an X-linked, infant-onset clustering epilepsy, associated with intellectual disability and autistic features. The unique pattern of inheritance includes random X-chromosome inactivation, which leads to pathological tissue mosaicism. Females carrying PCDH19 mutations are affected, while males have normal phenotype. No cure is presently available for this disease. METHODS Fibroblasts from a female patient carrying frameshift mutation were reprogrammed into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). To create a cell model of PCDH19-clustering epilepsy (PCDH19-CE) where both cell populations co-exist, we created mosaic neurons by mixing wild-type (WT) and mutated (mut) human iPSC clones, and differentiated them into mature neurons with overexpression of the transcriptional factor Neurogenin 2. RESULTS We generated functional neurons from patient-derived iPSC using a rapid and efficient method of differentiation through overexpression of Neurogenin 2. Was revealed an accelerated maturation and higher arborisation in the mutated neurons, while the mosaic neurons showed the highest frequency of action potential firing and hyperexcitability features, compared to mutated and WT neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that PCDH19 c.2133delG mutation affects proper metaphases with increased numbers of centrosomes in stem cells and accelerates neuronal maturation in premature cells. PCDH19 mosaic neurons showed an elevated excitability, representing the situation in PCDH19-CE brain. We suggest an Ngn-2 hiPSC-derived PCDH19 neurons as an informative experimental tool for understanding the pathogenesis of PCDH19-CE and a suitable approach for use in targeted drug screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Alaverdian
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Margherita Corradi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Bruno Sterlini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Murru
- Institute of Neuroscience, IN-CNR, 20129, Milan, Italy
- NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, Università Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Passafaro
- Institute of Neuroscience, IN-CNR, 20129, Milan, Italy
- NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, Università Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Jlenia Brunetti
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Meloni
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Mari
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Elisa Frullanti
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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14
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Plausible Role of Stem Cell Types for Treating and Understanding the Pathophysiology of Depression. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030814. [PMID: 36986674 PMCID: PMC10058940 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), colloquially known as depression, is a debilitating condition affecting an estimated 3.8% of the population globally, of which 5.0% are adults and 5.7% are above the age of 60. MDD is differentiated from common mood changes and short-lived emotional responses due to subtle alterations in gray and white matter, including the frontal lobe, hippocampus, temporal lobe, thalamus, striatum, and amygdala. It can be detrimental to a person’s overall health if it occurs with moderate or severe intensity. It can render a person suffering terribly to perform inadequately in their personal, professional, and social lives. Depression, at its peak, can lead to suicidal thoughts and ideation. Antidepressants manage clinical depression and function by modulating the serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine neurotransmitter levels in the brain. Patients with MDD positively respond to antidepressants, but 10–30% do not recuperate or have a partial response accompanied by poor life quality, suicidal ideation, self-injurious behavior, and an increased relapse rate. Recent research shows that mesenchymal stem cells and iPSCs may be responsible for lowering depression by producing more neurons with increased cortical connections. This narrative review discusses the plausible functions of various stem cell types in treating and understanding depression pathophysiology.
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15
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Álvarez Z, Ortega JA, Sato K, Sasselli IR, Kolberg-Edelbrock AN, Qiu R, Marshall KA, Nguyen TP, Smith CS, Quinlan KA, Papakis V, Syrgiannis Z, Sather NA, Musumeci C, Engel E, Stupp SI, Kiskinis E. Artificial extracellular matrix scaffolds of mobile molecules enhance maturation of human stem cell-derived neurons. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:219-238.e14. [PMID: 36638801 PMCID: PMC9898161 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technologies offer a unique resource for modeling neurological diseases. However, iPSC models are fraught with technical limitations including abnormal aggregation and inefficient maturation of differentiated neurons. These problems are in part due to the absence of synergistic cues of the native extracellular matrix (ECM). We report on the use of three artificial ECMs based on peptide amphiphile (PA) supramolecular nanofibers. All nanofibers display the laminin-derived IKVAV signal on their surface but differ in the nature of their non-bioactive domains. We find that nanofibers with greater intensity of internal supramolecular motion have enhanced bioactivity toward hiPSC-derived motor and cortical neurons. Proteomic, biochemical, and functional assays reveal that highly mobile PA scaffolds caused enhanced β1-integrin pathway activation, reduced aggregation, increased arborization, and matured electrophysiological activity of neurons. Our work highlights the importance of designing biomimetic ECMs to study the development, function, and dysfunction of human neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Álvarez
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - J Alberto Ortega
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Kohei Sato
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ivan R Sasselli
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Alexandra N Kolberg-Edelbrock
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ruomeng Qiu
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Kelly A Marshall
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Thao Phuong Nguyen
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Cara S Smith
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Katharina A Quinlan
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Vasileios Papakis
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zois Syrgiannis
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nicholas A Sather
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Chiara Musumeci
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Evangelos Kiskinis
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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16
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Giovenale AMG, Ruotolo G, Soriano AA, Turco EM, Rotundo G, Casamassa A, D’Anzi A, Vescovi AL, Rosati J. Deepening the understanding of CNVs on chromosome 15q11-13 by using hiPSCs: An overview. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1107881. [PMID: 36684422 PMCID: PMC9852989 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1107881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The human α7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene (CHRNA7) is widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. This receptor is implicated in both brain development and adult neurogenesis thanks to its ability to mediate acetylcholine stimulus (Ach). Copy number variations (CNVs) of CHRNA7 gene have been identified in humans and are genetically linked to cognitive impairments associated with multiple disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and others. Currently, α7 receptor analysis has been commonly performed in animal models due to the impossibility of direct investigation of the living human brain. But the use of model systems has shown that there are very large differences between humans and mice when researchers must study the CNVs and, in particular, the CNV of chromosome 15q13.3 where the CHRNA7 gene is present. In fact, human beings present genomic alterations as well as the presence of genes of recent origin that are not present in other model systems as well as they show a very heterogeneous symptomatology that is associated with both their genetic background and the environment where they live. To date, the induced pluripotent stem cells, obtained from patients carrying CNV in CHRNA7 gene, are a good in vitro model for studying the association of the α7 receptor to human diseases. In this review, we will outline the current state of hiPSCs technology applications in neurological diseases caused by CNVs in CHRNA7 gene. Furthermore, we will discuss some weaknesses that emerge from the overall analysis of the published articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Giada Giovenale
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Ruotolo
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Amata Amy Soriano
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Elisa Maria Turco
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giovannina Rotundo
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Alessia Casamassa
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Angela D’Anzi
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Angelo Luigi Vescovi
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy,*Correspondence: Jessica Rosati, ; Angelo Luigi Vescovi,
| | - Jessica Rosati
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy,*Correspondence: Jessica Rosati, ; Angelo Luigi Vescovi,
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17
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Choudhary A, Peles D, Nayak R, Mizrahi L, Stern S. Current progress in understanding schizophrenia using genomics and pluripotent stem cells: A meta-analytical overview. Schizophr Res 2022:S0920-9964(22)00406-6. [PMID: 36443183 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex, heritable and polygenic neuropsychiatric disease, which disables the patients as well as decreases their life expectancy and quality of life. Common and rare variants studies on SCZ subjects have provided >100 genomic loci that hold importance in the context of SCZ pathophysiology. Transcriptomic studies from clinical samples have informed about the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and non-coding RNAs in SCZ patients. Despite these advancements, no causative genes for SCZ were found and hence SCZ is difficult to recapitulate in animal models. In the last decade, induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)-based models have helped in understanding the neural phenotypes of SCZ by studying patient iPSC-derived 2D neuronal cultures and 3D brain organoids. Here, we have aimed to provide a simplistic overview of the current progress and advancements after synthesizing the enormous literature on SCZ genetics and SCZ iPSC-based models. Although further understanding of SCZ genetics and pathophysiological mechanisms using these technological advancements is required, the recent approaches have allowed to delineate important cellular mechanisms and biological pathways affected in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Choudhary
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - David Peles
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Ritu Nayak
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Liron Mizrahi
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Shani Stern
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
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18
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Wang Y, Meng W, Liu Z, An Q, Hu X. Cognitive impairment in psychiatric diseases: Biomarkers of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1046692. [DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1046692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and major depressive disorder, place a huge health burden on society. Cognitive impairment is one of the core characteristics of psychiatric disorders and a vital determinant of social function and disease recurrence in patients. This review thus aims to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of cognitive impairment in major psychiatric disorders and identify valuable biomarkers for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of patients.
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19
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Asah S, Alganem K, McCullumsmith RE, O'Donovan SM. A bioinformatic inquiry of the EAAT2 interactome in postmortem and neuropsychiatric datasets. Schizophr Res 2022; 249:38-46. [PMID: 32197935 PMCID: PMC7494586 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Altered expression and localization of the glutamate transporter EAAT2 is found in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric (major depression, MDD) and neurological disorders (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS). However, the EAAT2 interactome, the network of proteins that physically or functionally interact with EAAT2 to support its activity, has yet to be characterized in severe mental illness. We compiled a list of "core" EAAT2 interacting proteins. Using Kaleidoscope, an R-shiny application, we data mined publically available postmortem transcriptome datasets to determine whether components of the EAAT2 interactome are differentially expressed in schizophrenia and, using Reactome, identify which interactome-associated biological pathways are altered. Overall, these "look up" studies highlight region-specific, primarily frontal cortex (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex), changes in the EAAT2 interactome and implicate altered metabolism pathways in schizophrenia. Pathway analyses also suggest that perturbation of components of the EAAT2 interactome in animal models of antipsychotic administration impact metabolism. Similar changes in metabolism pathways are seen in ALS, in addition to altered expression of many components of the EAAT2 interactome. However, although EAAT2 expression is altered in a postmortem MDD dataset, few other components of the EAAT2 interactome are changed. Thus, "look up" studies suggest region- and disease-relevant biological pathways related to the EAAT2 interactome that implicate glutamate reuptake perturbations in schizophrenia, while providing a useful tool to exploit "omics" datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Asah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Khaled Alganem
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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20
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Pinals RL, Tsai LH. Building in vitro models of the brain to understand the role of APOE in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/11/e202201542. [PMID: 36167428 PMCID: PMC9515460 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating, complex, and incurable disease that represents an increasingly problematic global health issue. The etiology of sporadic AD that accounts for a vast majority of cases remains poorly understood, with no effective therapeutic interventions. Genetic studies have identified AD risk genes including the most prominent, APOE, of which the ɛ4 allele increases risk in a dose-dependent manner. A breakthrough discovery enabled the creation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that can be differentiated into various brain cell types, facilitating AD research in genetically human models. Herein, we provide a brief background on AD in the context of APOE susceptibility and feature work employing hiPSC-derived brain cell and tissue models to interrogate the contribution of APOE in driving AD pathology. Such models have delivered crucial insights into cellular mechanisms and cell type-specific roles underlying the perturbed biological functions that trigger pathogenic cascades and propagate neurodegeneration. Collectively, hiPSC-based models are envisioned to be an impactful platform for uncovering fundamental AD understanding, with high translational value toward AD drug discovery and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Pinals
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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21
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Holmes J, Lau T, Saylor R, Fernández-Novel N, Hersey M, Keen D, Hampel L, Horschitz S, Ladewig J, Parke B, Reed MC, Nijhout HF, Best J, Koch P, Hashemi P. Voltammetric Approach for Characterizing the Biophysical and Chemical Functionality of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Serotonin Neurons. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8847-8856. [PMID: 35713335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Depression is quickly becoming one of the world's most pressing public health crises, and there is an urgent need for better diagnostics and therapeutics. Behavioral models in animals and humans have not adequately addressed the diagnosis and treatment of depression, and biomarkers of mental illnesses remain ill-defined. It has been very difficult to identify biomarkers of depression because of in vivo measurement challenges. While our group has made important strides in developing in vivo tools to measure such biomarkers (e.g., serotonin) in mice using voltammetry, these tools cannot be easily applied for depression diagnosis and drug screening in humans due to the inaccessibility of the human brain. In this work, we take a chemical approach, ex vivo, to introduce a human-derived system to investigate brain serotonin. We utilize human induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated into serotonin neurons and establish a new ex vivo model of real-time serotonin neurotransmission measurements. We show that evoked serotonin release responds to stimulation intensity and tryptophan preloading, and that serotonin release and reuptake kinetics resemble those found in vivo in rodents. Finally, after selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) exposure, we find dose-dependent internalization of the serotonin reuptake transporters (a signature of the in vivo response to SSRI). Our new human-derived chemical model has great potential to provide an ex vivo chemical platform as a translational tool for in vivo neuropsychopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Holmes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Thorsten Lau
- Department of Translational Brain Research, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rachel Saylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Nadine Fernández-Novel
- Department of Translational Brain Research, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Melinda Hersey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29209, United States
| | - Deanna Keen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Lena Hampel
- Department of Translational Brain Research, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sandra Horschitz
- Department of Translational Brain Research, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia Ladewig
- Department of Translational Brain Research, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Brenna Parke
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Michael C Reed
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - H Frederik Nijhout
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Janet Best
- Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Philipp Koch
- Department of Translational Brain Research, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Parastoo Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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22
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Rabadan MA, De La Cruz ED, Rao SB, Chen Y, Gong C, Crabtree G, Xu B, Markx S, Gogos JA, Yuste R, Tomer R. An in vitro model of neuronal ensembles. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3340. [PMID: 35680927 PMCID: PMC9184643 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in 3D neuronal cultures, such as brain spheroids and organoids, are allowing unprecedented in vitro access to some of the molecular, cellular and developmental mechanisms underlying brain diseases. However, their efficacy in recapitulating brain network properties that encode brain function remains limited, thereby precluding development of effective in vitro models of complex brain disorders like schizophrenia. Here, we develop and characterize a Modular Neuronal Network (MoNNet) approach that recapitulates specific features of neuronal ensemble dynamics, segregated local-global network activities and a hierarchical modular organization. We utilized MoNNets for quantitative in vitro modelling of schizophrenia-related network dysfunctions caused by highly penetrant mutations in SETD1A and 22q11.2 risk loci. Furthermore, we demonstrate its utility for drug discovery by performing pharmacological rescue of alterations in neuronal ensembles stability and global network synchrony. MoNNets allow in vitro modelling of brain diseases for investigating the underlying neuronal network mechanisms and systematic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Angeles Rabadan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sneha B Rao
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yannan Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheng Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregg Crabtree
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sander Markx
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph A Gogos
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rafael Yuste
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raju Tomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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23
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Muhtaseb AW, Duan J. Modeling common and rare genetic risk factors of neuropsychiatric disorders in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Schizophr Res 2022:S0920-9964(22)00156-6. [PMID: 35459617 PMCID: PMC9735430 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and whole-exome sequencing of neuropsychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia, have identified a plethora of common and rare disease risk variants/genes. Translating the mounting human genetic discoveries into novel disease biology and more tailored clinical treatments is tied to our ability to causally connect genetic risk variants to molecular and cellular phenotypes. When combined with the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) nuclease-mediated genome editing system, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neural cultures (both 2D and 3D organoids) provide a promising tractable cellular model for bridging the gap between genetic findings and disease biology. In this review, we first conceptualize the advances in understanding the disease polygenicity and convergence from the past decade of iPSC modeling of different types of genetic risk factors of neuropsychiatric disorders. We then discuss the major cell types and cellular phenotypes that are most relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders in iPSC modeling. Finally, we critically review the limitations of iPSC modeling of neuropsychiatric disorders and outline the need for implementing and developing novel methods to scale up the number of iPSC lines and disease risk variants in a systematic manner. Sufficiently scaled-up iPSC modeling and a better functional interpretation of genetic risk variants, in combination with cutting-edge CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and single-cell multi-omics methods, will enable the field to identify the specific and convergent molecular and cellular phenotypes in precision for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman W Muhtaseb
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, United States of America; Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
| | - Jubao Duan
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America.
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24
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Alsaloum M, Waxman SG. iPSCs and DRGs: stepping stones to new pain therapies. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:110-122. [PMID: 34933815 PMCID: PMC8810720 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing need for more effective nonaddictive treatment options for pain. Pain signals are transmitted from the periphery into the spinal cord via dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, whose excitability is driven by voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels. Three NaV channels (NaV1.7, NaV1.8, and NaV1.9), preferentially expressed in DRG neurons, play important roles in pain signaling in humans. Blockade of these channels may provide a novel approach to the treatment of pain, but clinical translation of preclinical results has been challenging, in part due to differences between rodent and human DRG neurons. Human DRG neurons and iPSC-derived sensory neurons (iPSC-SNs) provide new preclinical platforms that may facilitate the development of novel pain therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Alsaloum
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA; Center for Rehabilitation Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Yale Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA; Center for Rehabilitation Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
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25
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Matt SM. Targeting neurotransmitter-mediated inflammatory mechanisms of psychiatric drugs to mitigate the double burden of multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100353. [PMID: 34647105 PMCID: PMC8495104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased incidence of multimorbidities and polypharmacy is a major concern, particularly in the growing aging population. While polypharmacy can be beneficial, in many cases it can be more harmful than no treatment, especially in individuals suffering from psychiatric disorders, who have elevated risks of multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Age-related chronic inflammation and immunopathologies might contribute to these increased risks in this population, but the optimal clinical management of drug-drug interactions and the neuro-immune mechanisms that are involved warrants further investigation. Given that neurotransmitter systems, which psychiatric medications predominantly act on, can influence the development of inflammation and the regulation of immune function, it is important to better understand these interactions to develop more successful strategies to manage these comorbidities and complicated polypharmacy. I propose that expanding upon research in translationally relevant human in vitro models, in tandem with other preclinical models, is critical to defining the neurotransmitter-mediated mechanisms by which psychiatric drugs alter immune function. This will define more precisely the interactions of psychiatric drugs and other immunomodulatory drugs, used in combination, enabling identification of novel targets to be translated into more efficacious diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic interventions. This interdisciplinary approach will aid in better precision polypharmacy for combating adverse events associated with multimorbidity and polypharmacy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Matt
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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26
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Sannes AC, Christensen JO, Nielsen MB, Gjerstad J. The association between abusive supervision and anxiety in female employees is stronger in carriers of the CRHR1 TAT haplotype. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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27
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Reed X, Cobb MM, Skinbinski G, Roosen D, Kaganovich A, Ding J, Finkbeiner S, Cookson MR. Transcriptional signatures in iPSC-derived neurons are reproducible across labs when differentiation protocols are closely matched. Stem Cell Res 2021; 56:102558. [PMID: 34626895 PMCID: PMC8655646 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproducibility of expression patterns in iPSC-derived cells from different labs is an important first step in ensuring replication of biochemical or functional assays that are performed in different labs. Here we show that reproducible gene expression patterns from iPSCs and iPSC-derived neurons matured and collected at two separate laboratory locations can be achieved by closely matching protocols and reagents. While there are significant differences in gene expression between iPSCs and differentiated neurons, as well as between different donor lines of the same cell type, transcriptional changes that vary with laboratory sites are relatively small. These results suggest that making great efforts to match protocols, reagents and technical methods between labs may improve the reproducibility of iPSC-derived cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xylena Reed
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melanie M Cobb
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics & Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Gaia Skinbinski
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics & Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Dorien Roosen
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alice Kaganovich
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steve Finkbeiner
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics & Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA; Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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28
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Sewell MDE, Jiménez-Sánchez L, Shen X, Edmondson-Stait AJ, Green C, Adams MJ, Rifai OM, McIntosh AM, Lyall DM, Whalley HC, Lawrie SM. Associations between major psychiatric disorder polygenic risk scores and blood-based markers in UK biobank. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:32-41. [PMID: 34107350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and bipolar disorder (BD) have both shared and discrete genetic risk factors, and are associated with peripheral abnormalities. The relationships between such genetic architectures and blood-based markers are, however, unclear. We investigated relationships between polygenic risk scores (PRS) for these disorders and peripheral markers in the UK Biobank cohort. We calculated polygenic risk scores for n = 367,329 (MDD PRS), n = 366,465 (SCZ PRS), and n = 366,383 (BD PRS) UK Biobank cohort subjects. We then examined associations between disorder PRS and 58 inflammatory/immune, hematological, bone, cardiovascular, hormone, liver, renal and diabetes-associated blood markers using two generalized linear regression models: 'minimally adjusted' controlling for variables such as age and sex, and 'fully adjusted' including additional lifestyle covariates: BMI, alcohol and smoking status, and medication intake. There were 38/58 MDD PRS, 32/58 SCZ PRS, and 20/58 BD PRS-blood marker associations detected for our minimally adjusted model. Of these, 13/38 (MDD PRS), 14/32 (SCZ PRS), and 10/20 (BD PRS) associations remained significant after controlling for lifestyle factors. Many were disorder-specific, with 8/13 unique MDD PRS associations identified. Several disorder-specific associations for MDD and SCZ were immune-related, with mostly positive and negative associations identified for MDD and SCZ PRS respectively. This study suggests that MDD, SCZ and BD have both shared and distinct peripheral markers associated with disorder-specific genetic risk. The results also implicate inflammatory dysfunction in MDD and SCZ, albeit with differences in patterns between the two conditions, and enrich our understanding of potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in major psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D E Sewell
- Translational Neuroscience PhD Programme, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK.
| | - Lorena Jiménez-Sánchez
- Translational Neuroscience PhD Programme, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Xueyi Shen
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Amelia J Edmondson-Stait
- Translational Neuroscience PhD Programme, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Claire Green
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Mark J Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Olivia M Rifai
- Translational Neuroscience PhD Programme, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Donald M Lyall
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK
| | - Heather C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
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29
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Yu JZ, Wang J, Sheridan SD, Perlis RH, Rasenick MM. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids promote astrocyte differentiation and neurotrophin production independent of cAMP in patient-derived neural stem cells. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4605-4615. [PMID: 32504049 PMCID: PMC10034857 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies, as well as randomized placebo-controlled trials, suggests supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may be efficacious for treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). The mechanisms underlying n-3 PUFAs potential therapeutic properties remain unknown. There are suggestions in the literature that glial hypofunction is associated with depressive symptoms and that antidepressants may normalize glial function. In this study, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived neuronal stem cell lines were generated from individuals with MDD. Astrocytes differentiated from patient-derived neuronal stem cells (iNSCs) were verified by GFAP. Cells were treated with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or stearic acid (SA). During astrocyte differentiation, we found that n-3 PUFAs increased GFAP expression and GFAP positive cell formation. BDNF and GDNF production were increased in the astrocytes derived from patients subsequent to n-3 PUFA treatment. Stearic Acid (SA) treatment did not have this effect. CREB activity (phosphorylated CREB) was also increased by DHA and EPA but not by SA. Furthermore, when these astrocytes were treated with n-3 PUFAs, the cAMP antagonist, RP-cAMPs did not block n-3 PUFA CREB activation. However, the CREB specific inhibitor (666-15) diminished BDNF and GDNF production induced by n-3 PUFA, suggesting CREB dependence. Together, these results suggested that n-3 PUFAs facilitate astrocyte differentiation, and may mimic effects of some antidepressants by increasing production of neurotrophic factors. The CREB-dependence and cAMP independence of this process suggests a manner in which n-3 PUFA could augment antidepressant effects. These data also suggest a role for astrocytes in both MDD and antidepressant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Zhou Yu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Center for Experimental Drugs and Diagnostics and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven D Sheridan
- Center for Experimental Drugs and Diagnostics and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Roy H Perlis
- Center for Experimental Drugs and Diagnostics and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Division of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, USA
| | - Mark M Rasenick
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Pax Neuroscience, Glenview, IL, 60025, USA.
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30
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Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a clinically and etiologically diverse developmental condition characterized by diminished social interactions, impaired communication, and repetitive and/or restrictive behaviors. Recent advances in ASD genetics pave the way for implementation of precision medicine in clinical management of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Kostic
- Seaver Autism Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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31
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Unterholzner J, Millischer V, Wotawa C, Sawa A, Lanzenberger R. Making Sense of Patient-Derived iPSCs, Transdifferentiated Neurons, Olfactory Neuronal Cells, and Cerebral Organoids as Models for Psychiatric Disorders. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 24:759-775. [PMID: 34216465 PMCID: PMC8538891 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The improvement of experimental models for disorders requires a constant approximation towards the dysregulated tissue. In psychiatry, where an impairment of neuronal structure and function is assumed to play a major role in disease mechanisms and symptom development, this approximation is an ongoing process implicating various fields. These include genetic, animal, and post-mortem studies. To test hypotheses generated through these studies, in vitro models using non-neuronal cells such as fibroblasts and lymphocytes have been developed. For brain network disorders, cells with neuronal signatures would, however, represent a more adequate tissue. Considering the limited accessibility of brain tissue, research has thus turned towards neurons generated from induced pluripotent stem cells as well as directly induced neurons, cerebral organoids, and olfactory neuroepithelium. Regarding the increasing importance and amount of research using these neuronal cells, this review aims to provide an overview of all these models to make sense of the current literature. The development of each model system and its use as a model for the various psychiatric disorder categories will be laid out. Also, advantages and limitations of each model will be discussed, including a reflection on implications and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Unterholzner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Vincent Millischer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria,Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Wotawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Biomedical Engineering and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria,Correspondence: Prof. Rupert Lanzenberger, MD, PD, NEUROIMAGING LABS (NIL) - PET, MRI, EEG, TMS & Chemical Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria ()
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32
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Lucido MJ, Bekhbat M, Goldsmith DR, Treadway MT, Haroon E, Felger JC, Miller AH. Aiding and Abetting Anhedonia: Impact of Inflammation on the Brain and Pharmacological Implications. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:1084-1117. [PMID: 34285088 PMCID: PMC11060479 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous administration of inflammatory stimuli to humans and laboratory animals and chronic endogenous inflammatory states lead to motivational deficits and ultimately anhedonia, a core and disabling symptom of depression present in multiple other psychiatric disorders. Inflammation impacts neurotransmitter systems and neurocircuits in subcortical brain regions including the ventral striatum, which serves as an integration point for reward processing and motivational decision-making. Many mechanisms contribute to these effects of inflammation, including decreased synthesis, release and reuptake of dopamine, increased synaptic and extrasynaptic glutamate, and activation of kynurenine pathway metabolites including quinolinic acid. Neuroimaging data indicate that these inflammation-induced neurotransmitter effects manifest as decreased activation of ventral striatum and decreased functional connectivity in reward circuitry involving ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Neurocircuitry changes in turn mediate nuanced effects on motivation that include decreased willingness to expend effort for reward while maintaining the ability to experience reward. Taken together, the data reveal an inflammation-induced pathophysiologic phenotype that is agnostic to diagnosis. Given the many mechanisms involved, this phenotype represents an opportunity for development of novel and/or repurposed pharmacological strategies that target inflammation and associated cellular and systemic immunometabolic changes and their downstream effects on the brain. To date, clinical trials have failed to capitalize on the unique nature of this transdiagnostic phenotype, leaving the field bereft of interpretable data for meaningful clinical application. However, novel trial designs incorporating established targets in the brain and/or periphery using relevant outcome variables (e.g., anhedonia) are the future of targeted therapy in psychiatry. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Emerging understanding of mechanisms by which peripheral inflammation can affect the brain and behavior has created unprecedented opportunities for development of pharmacological strategies to treat deficits in motivation including anhedonia, a core and disabling symptom of depression well represented in multiple psychiatric disorders. Mechanisms include inflammation and cellular and systemic immunometabolism and alterations in dopamine, glutamate, and kynurenine metabolites, revealing a target-rich environment that nevertheless has yet to be fully exploited by current clinical trial designs and drugs employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Lucido
- Emory Behavioral Immunology Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.J.L., M.B., D.R.G., E.H., J.C.F., A.H.M.); and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (M.T.T.)
| | - Mandy Bekhbat
- Emory Behavioral Immunology Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.J.L., M.B., D.R.G., E.H., J.C.F., A.H.M.); and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (M.T.T.)
| | - David R Goldsmith
- Emory Behavioral Immunology Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.J.L., M.B., D.R.G., E.H., J.C.F., A.H.M.); and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (M.T.T.)
| | - Michael T Treadway
- Emory Behavioral Immunology Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.J.L., M.B., D.R.G., E.H., J.C.F., A.H.M.); and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (M.T.T.)
| | - Ebrahim Haroon
- Emory Behavioral Immunology Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.J.L., M.B., D.R.G., E.H., J.C.F., A.H.M.); and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (M.T.T.)
| | - Jennifer C Felger
- Emory Behavioral Immunology Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.J.L., M.B., D.R.G., E.H., J.C.F., A.H.M.); and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (M.T.T.)
| | - Andrew H Miller
- Emory Behavioral Immunology Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.J.L., M.B., D.R.G., E.H., J.C.F., A.H.M.); and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (M.T.T.)
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Nakatsuka N, Heard KJ, Faillétaz A, Momotenko D, Vörös J, Gage FH, Vadodaria KC. Sensing serotonin secreted from human serotonergic neurons using aptamer-modified nanopipettes. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2753-2763. [PMID: 33767349 PMCID: PMC9997689 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The serotonergic system in the human brain modulates several physiological processes, and altered serotonergic neurotransmission has been implicated in the neuropathology of several psychiatric disorders. The study of serotonergic neurotransmission in psychiatry has long been restricted to animal models, but advances in cell reprogramming technology have enabled the generation of serotonergic neurons from patient-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). While iPSC-derived human serotonergic neurons offer the possibility to study serotonin (5-HT) release and uptake, particularly by 5-HT-modulating drugs such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a major limitation is the inability to reliably quantify 5-HT secreted from neurons in vitro. Herein, we address this technical gap via a novel sensing technology that couples 5-HT-specific DNA aptamers into nanopores (glass nanopipettes) with orifices of ~10 nm to detect 5-HT in complex neuronal culture medium with higher selectivity, sensitivity, and stability than existing methods. The 5-HT aptamers undergo conformational rearrangement upon target capture and serve as gatekeepers of ionic flux through the nanopipette opening. We generated human serotonergic neurons in vitro and detected secreted 5-HT using aptamer-coated nanopipettes in a low nanomolar range, with the possibility of detecting significantly lower (picomolar) concentrations. Furthermore, as a proof of concept, we treated human serotonergic neurons in vitro with the SSRI citalopram and detected a significant increase in extracellular 5-HT using the aptamer-modified nanopipettes. We demonstrate the utility of such methods for 5-HT detection, raising the possibility of fast quantification of neurotransmitters secreted from patient-derived live neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nako Nakatsuka
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kelly J Heard
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alix Faillétaz
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Momotenko
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Krishna C Vadodaria
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Wang X, Ye F, Wen Z, Guo Z, Yu C, Huang WK, Rojas Ringeling F, Su Y, Zheng W, Zhou G, Christian KM, Song H, Zhang M, Ming GL. Structural interaction between DISC1 and ATF4 underlying transcriptional and synaptic dysregulation in an iPSC model of mental disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1346-1360. [PMID: 31444471 PMCID: PMC8444148 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0485-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are a collection of heterogeneous mental disorders arising from a contribution of genetic and environmental insults, many of which molecularly converge on transcriptional dysregulation, resulting in altered synaptic functions. The underlying mechanisms linking the genetic lesion and functional phenotypes remain largely unknown. Patient iPSC-derived neurons with a rare frameshift DISC1 (Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1) mutation have previously been shown to exhibit aberrant gene expression and deficits in synaptic functions. How DISC1 regulates gene expression is largely unknown. Here we show that Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4), a DISC1 binding partner, is more abundant in the nucleus of DISC1 mutant human neurons and exhibits enhanced binding to a collection of dysregulated genes. Functionally, overexpressing ATF4 in control neurons recapitulates deficits seen in DISC1 mutant neurons, whereas transcriptional and synaptic deficits are rescued in DISC1 mutant neurons with CRISPR-mediated heterozygous ATF4 knockout. By solving the high-resolution atomic structure of the DISC1-ATF4 complex, we show that mechanistically, the mutation of DISC1 disrupts normal DISC1-ATF4 interaction, and results in excessive ATF4 binding to DNA targets and deregulated gene expression. Together, our study identifies the molecular and structural basis of an DISC1-ATF4 interaction underlying transcriptional and synaptic dysregulation in an iPSC model of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Fei Ye
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ziyuan Guo
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chuan Yu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei-Kai Huang
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Pathology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Francisca Rojas Ringeling
- The Human Genetics Pre-doctoral Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yijing Su
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Guomin Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Kimberly M Christian
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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35
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Batool S, Kayani MA, Valis M, Kuca K. Neural Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells-An in vitro Approach to Profile DNA Methylation of Reprogramming Factor Sox2-SRR2. Front Genet 2021; 12:641095. [PMID: 33828585 PMCID: PMC8019947 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.641095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sox2 is one of the core transcription factors maintaining the embryonic stem cells (ES) pluripotency and, also indispensable for cellular reprogramming. However, limited data is available about the DNA methylation of pluripotency genes during lineage-specific differentiations. This study investigated the DNA methylation of Sox2 regulatory region 2 (SRR2) during directed differentiation of mouse ES into neural lineage. ES cells were first grown to form embryoid bodies in suspension which were then dissociated, and cultured in defined medium to promote neural differentiation. Typical neuronal morphology together with the up-regulation of Pax6, neuroepithelial stem cell intermediate filament and β-tubulin III and, down-regulation of pluripotency genes Oct4, Nanog and Sox2 showed the existence of neural phenotype in cells undergoing differentiation. Three CpGs in the core enhancer region of neural-specific SRR2 were individually investigated by direct DNA sequencing post-bisulfite treatment and, found to be unmethylated in differentiated cells at time-points chosen for analysis. This analysis does not limit the possibility of methylation at other CpG sites than those profiled here and/or transient methylation. Hence, similar analyses exploring the DNA methylation at other regions of the Sox2 gene could unravel the onset and transitions of epigenetic signatures influencing the outcome of differentiation pathways and neural development. The data presented here shows that in vitro neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells can be employed to study and characterize molecular regulatory mechanisms governing neurogenesis by applying diverse pharmacological and toxicological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajida Batool
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Martin Valis
- Department of Neurology of the Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
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36
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Vadodaria KC, Mendes APD, Mei A, Racha V, Erikson G, Shokhirev MN, Oefner R, Heard KJ, McCarthy MJ, Eyler L, Kelsoe JR, Santos R, Marchetto MC, Gage FH. Altered Neuronal Support and Inflammatory Response in Bipolar Disorder Patient-Derived Astrocytes. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:825-835. [PMID: 33667413 PMCID: PMC8072028 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by cyclical mood shifts. Studies indicate that BD patients have a peripheral pro-inflammatory state and alterations in glial populations in the brain. We utilized an in vitro model to study inflammation-related phenotypes of astrocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from BD patients and healthy controls. BD astrocytes showed changes in transcriptome and induced a reduction in neuronal activity when co-cultured with neurons. IL-1β-stimulated BD astrocytes displayed a unique inflammatory gene expression signature and increased secretion of IL-6. Conditioned medium from stimulated BD astrocytes reduced neuronal activity, and this effect was partially blocked by IL-6 inactivating antibody. Our results suggest that BD astrocytes are functionally less supportive of neuronal excitability and this effect is partially mediated by IL-6. We confirmed higher IL-6 in blood in a distinct cohort of BD patients, highlighting the potential role of astrocyte-mediated inflammatory signaling in BD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna C Vadodaria
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ana P D Mendes
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arianna Mei
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vipula Racha
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Galina Erikson
- The Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core (IGC), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maxim N Shokhirev
- The Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core (IGC), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ruth Oefner
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kelly J Heard
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael J McCarthy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lisa Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - John R Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Renata Santos
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA; University of Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Laboratory of Dynamics of Neuronal Structure in Health and Disease, 102 rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Maria C Marchetto
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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37
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Kim NS, Wen Z, Liu J, Zhou Y, Guo Z, Xu C, Lin YT, Yoon KJ, Park J, Cho M, Kim M, Wang X, Yu H, Sakamuru S, Christian KM, Hsu KS, Xia M, Li W, Ross CA, Margolis RL, Lu XY, Song H, Ming GL. Pharmacological rescue in patient iPSC and mouse models with a rare DISC1 mutation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1398. [PMID: 33658519 PMCID: PMC7930023 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a causal link between a rare patient mutation in DISC1 (disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1) and synaptic deficits in cortical neurons differentiated from isogenic patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here we find that transcripts related to phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) signaling are significantly elevated in human cortical neurons differentiated from iPSCs with the DISC1 mutation and that inhibition of PDE4 or activation of the cAMP signaling pathway functionally rescues synaptic deficits. We further generated a knock-in mouse line harboring the same patient mutation in the Disc1 gene. Heterozygous Disc1 mutant mice exhibit elevated levels of PDE4s and synaptic abnormalities in the brain, and social and cognitive behavioral deficits. Pharmacological inhibition of the PDE4 signaling pathway rescues these synaptic, social and cognitive behavioral abnormalities. Our study shows that patient-derived isogenic iPSC and humanized mouse disease models are integral and complementary for translational studies with a better understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Shik Kim
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Cell Biology, and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ying Zhou
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyuan Guo
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chongchong Xu
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Cell Biology, and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ki-Jun Yoon
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyun Park
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Cho
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Minji Kim
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Huimei Yu
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Srilatha Sakamuru
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly M Christian
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kuei-Sen Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Weidong Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christopher A Ross
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Russell L Margolis
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xin-Yun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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38
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Czéh B, Simon M. Benefits of animal models to understand the pathophysiology of depressive disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110049. [PMID: 32735913 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a potentially life-threatening mental disorder imposing severe social and economic burden worldwide. Despite the existence of effective antidepressant treatment strategies the exact pathophysiology of the disease is still unknown. Large number of animal models of MDD have been developed over the years, but all of them suffer from significant shortcomings. Despite their limitations these models have been extensively used in academic research and drug development. The aim of this review is to highlight the benefits of animal models of MDD. We focus here on recent experimental data where animal models were used to examine current theories of this complex disease. We argue, that despite their evident imperfections, these models provide invaluable help to understand cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to the development of MDD. Furthermore, animal models are utilized in research to find clinically useful biomarkers. We discuss recent neuroimaging and microRNA studies since these investigations yielded promising candidates for biomarkers. Finally, we briefly summarize recent progresses in drug development, i.e. the FDA approval of two novel antidepressant drugs: S-ketamine and brexanolone (allopregnanolone). Deeper understanding of the exact molecular and cellular mechanisms of action responsible for the antidepressant efficacy of these rapid acting drugs could aid us to design further compounds with similar effectiveness, but less side effects. Animal studies are likely to provide valuable help in this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boldizsár Czéh
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Maria Simon
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
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39
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Larijani B, Parhizkar Roudsari P, Hadavandkhani M, Alavi-Moghadam S, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Goodarzi P, Sayahpour FA, Mohamadi-Jahani F, Arjmand B. Stem cell-based models and therapies: a key approach into schizophrenia treatment. Cell Tissue Bank 2021; 22:207-223. [PMID: 33387152 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia can generate distress and disability along with heavy costs on individuals and health care systems. Different genetic and environmental factors play a pivotal role in the appearance of the mentioned disorders. Since the conventional treatment options for psychiatric disorders are suboptimal, investigators are trying to find novel strategies. Herein, stem cell therapies have been recommended as novel choices. In this context, the preclinical examination of stem cell-based therapies specifically using appropriate models can facilitate passing strong filters and serious examination to ensure proper quality and safety of them as a novel treatment approach. Animal models cannot be adequately helpful to follow pathophysiological features. Nowadays, stem cell-based models, particularly induced pluripotent stem cells reflected as suitable alternative models in this field. Accordingly, the importance of stem cell-based models, especially to experiment with the regenerative medicine outcomes for schizophrenia as one of the severe typing of psychiatric disorders, is addressed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyvand Parhizkar Roudsari
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hadavandkhani
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Goodarzi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Azam Sayahpour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mohamadi-Jahani
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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40
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Zhang C, Xiao X, Li T, Li M. Translational genomics and beyond in bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:186-202. [PMID: 32424235 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed multiple genomic loci conferring risk of bipolar disorder (BD), providing hints for its underlying pathobiology. However, there are still remaining questions to answer. For example, discordance exists between BD heritability estimated with earlier epidemiological evidence and that calculated based on common GWAS variations. Where is the "missing heritability"? How can we explain the biology of the disease based on genetic findings? In this review, we summarize the accomplishments and limitations of current BD GWAS, and discuss potential reasons for the "missing heritability." In addition, progresses of research for the biological mechanisms underlying BD genetic risk using brain tissues, reprogrammed cells, and model animals are reviewed. While our knowledge of BD genetic basis is significantly promoted by these efforts, the complexities of gene regulation in the genome, the spatial-temporal heterogeneity during brain development, and the limitations of different experimental models should always be considered. Notably, several genes have been widely studied given their relatively well-characterized involvement in BD (e.g., CACAN1C and ANK3), and findings of these genes are summarized to both outline possible biological mechanisms of BD and describe examples of translating GWAS discoveries into the pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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41
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Willner MJ, Xiao Y, Kim HS, Chen X, Xu B, Leong KW. Modeling SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with opioid use disorder with brain organoids. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:2041731420985299. [PMID: 33738089 PMCID: PMC7934045 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420985299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated a preexisting epidemic: the opioid crisis. Much literature has shown that the circumstances imposed by COVID-19, such as social distancing regulations, medical and financial instability, and increased mental health issues, have been detrimental to those with opioid use disorder (OUD). In addition, unexpected neurological sequelae in COVID-19 patients suggest that COVID-19 compromises neuroimmunity, induces hypoxia, and causes respiratory depression, provoking similar effects as those caused by opioid exposure. Combined conditions of COVID-19 and OUD could lead to exacerbated complications. With limited human in vivo options to study these complications, we suggest that iPSC-derived brain organoid models may serve as a useful platform to investigate the physiological connection between COVID-19 and OUD. This mini-review highlights the advances of brain organoids in other neuropsychiatric and infectious diseases and suggests their potential utility for investigating OUD and COVID-19, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe J Willner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hye Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuejing Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Akhtar A, Andleeb A, Waris TS, Bazzar M, Moradi AR, Awan NR, Yar M. Neurodegenerative diseases and effective drug delivery: A review of challenges and novel therapeutics. J Control Release 2020; 330:1152-1167. [PMID: 33197487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) encompasses the brain and spinal cord and is considered the processing center and the most vital part of human body. The central nervous system (CNS) barriers are crucial interfaces between the CNS and the periphery. Among all these biological barriers, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) strongly impede hurdle for drug transport to brain. It is a semi-permeable diffusion barrier against the noxious chemicals and harmful substances present in the blood stream and regulates the nutrients delivery to the brain for its proper functioning. Neurological diseases owing to the existence of the BBB and the blood-spinal cord barrier have been terrible and threatening challenges all over the world and can rarely be directly mediated. In fact, drug delivery to brain remained a challenge in the treatment of neurodegenerative (ND) disorders, for these different approaches have been proposed. Nano-fabricated smart drug delivery systems and implantable drug loaded biomaterials for brain repair are among some of these latest approaches. In current review, modern approaches developed to deal with the challenges associated with transporting drugs to the CNS are included. Recent studies on neural drug discovery and injectable hydrogels provide a potential new treatment option for neurological disorders. Moreover, induced pluripotent stem cells used to model ND diseases are discussed to evaluate drug efficacy. These protocols and recent developments will enable discovery of more effective drug delivery systems for brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Akhtar
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Anisa Andleeb
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tayyba Sher Waris
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Masoomeh Bazzar
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ali-Reza Moradi
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran; School of Nano Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), P.O. Box 19395-5531, Tehran 19395, Iran
| | - Nasir Raza Awan
- Department of Neurosciences, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan; Spinacure, 63-A Block E1, Gulberg III, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yar
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
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Griffin SM, Pickard MR, Hawkins CP, Williams AC, Fricker RA. Nicotinamide restricts neural precursor proliferation to enhance catecholaminergic neuronal subtype differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233477. [PMID: 32925933 PMCID: PMC7489539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that a strong relationship exists between brain regenerative therapies and nutrition. Early life nutrition plays an important role during embryonic brain development, and there are clear consequences to an imbalance in nutritional factors on both the production and survival of mature neuronal populations and the infant’s risk of diseases in later life. Our research and that of others suggest that vitamins play a fundamental role in the formation of neurons and their survival. There is a growing body of evidence that nicotinamide, the water-soluble amide form of vitamin B3, is implicated in the conversion of pluripotent stem cells to clinically relevant cells for regenerative therapies. This study investigated the ability of nicotinamide to promote the development of mature catecholaminergic neuronal populations (associated with Parkinson’s disease) from mouse embryonic stem cells, as well as investigating the underlying mechanisms of nicotinamide’s action. Nicotinamide selectively enhanced the production of tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing neurons and serotonergic neurons from mouse embryonic stem cell cultures (Sox1GFP knock-in 46C cell line). A 5-Ethynyl-2´-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay ascertained that nicotinamide, when added in the initial phase, reduced cell proliferation. Nicotinamide drove tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing neuron differentiation as effectively as an established cocktail of signalling factors, reducing the proliferation of neural progenitors and accelerating neuronal maturation, neurite outgrowth and neurotransmitter expression. These novel findings show that nicotinamide enhanced and enriched catecholaminergic differentiation and inhibited cell proliferation by directing cell cycle arrest in mouse embryonic stem cell cultures, thus driving a critical neural proliferation-to-differentiation switch from neural progenitors to neurons. Further research into the role of vitamin metabolites in embryogenesis will significantly advance cell-based regenerative medicine, and help realize their role as crucial developmental signalling molecules in brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Síle M. Griffin
- Keele Medical School and Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, England, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Mark R. Pickard
- Chester Medical School, University Centre Shrewsbury, University of Chester, Shrewsbury, England, United Kingdom
| | - Clive P. Hawkins
- Keele Medical School and Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, England, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian C. Williams
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary A. Fricker
- Keele Medical School and Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, England, United Kingdom
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Donegan JJ, Lodge DJ. Stem Cells for Improving the Treatment of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1118-1130. [PMID: 32008442 PMCID: PMC7469694 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism are currently limited. Antipsychotics used to treat schizophrenia are not effective for all patients, do not target all symptoms of the disease, and have serious adverse side effects. There are currently no FDA-approved drugs to treat the core symptoms of autism. In an effort to develop new and more effective treatment strategies, stem cell technologies have been used to reprogram adult somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells, which can be differentiated into neuronal cells and even three-dimensional brain organoids. This new technology has the potential to elucidate the complex mechanisms that underlie neurodevelopmental disorders, offer more relevant platforms for drug discovery and personalized medicine, and may even be used to treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. Donegan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J. Lodge
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Abstract
Abstract
A long-established hypothesis is that schizophrenia has a strong genetic component. In the early 1990s, the first genetic variant that substantially increases risk for psychosis was identified. Since this initial reporting of deletions in the chromosomal region 22q11.2, nearly two decades passed until substantial insights into schizophrenia’s genetic architecture were gained. Schizophrenia is a polygenic disorder and genetic risk is conferred by both common and rare alleles distributed across the genome. A small number of rare, deleterious copy number variants (CNVs) are associated with moderate to substantial increases in individual risk to schizophrenia. These deletions and duplications are also associated with a range of neurodevelopmental disorders. The diagnostic investigation of CNVs in patients with schizophrenia is likely to represent one of the first examples of genetic testing in clinical psychiatry. The prerequisites for this are currently being defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Degenhardt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy , LVR Klinikum Essen, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
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Forstner AJ, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Cichon S. Insights into the genomics of affective disorders. MED GENET-BERLIN 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2020-2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Affective disorders, or mood disorders, are a group of neuropsychiatric illnesses that are characterized by a disturbance of mood or affect. Most genetic research in this field to date has focused on bipolar disorder and major depression. Symptoms of major depression include a depressed mood, reduced energy, and a loss of interest and enjoyment. Bipolar disorder is characterized by the occurrence of (hypo)manic episodes, which generally alternate with periods of depression. Formal and molecular genetic studies have demonstrated that affective disorders are multifactorial diseases, in which both genetic and environmental factors contribute to disease development. Twin and family studies have generated heritability estimates of 58–85 % for bipolar disorder and 40 % for major depression.
Large genome-wide association studies have provided important insights into the genetics of affective disorders via the identification of a number of common genetic risk factors. Based on these studies, the estimated overall contribution of common variants to the phenotypic variability (single-nucleotide polymorphism [SNP]-based heritability) is 17–23 % for bipolar disorder and 9 % for major depression. Bioinformatic analyses suggest that the associated loci and implicated genes converge into specific pathways, including calcium signaling. Research suggests that rare copy number variants make a lower contribution to the development of affective disorders than to other psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia or the autism spectrum disorders, which would be compatible with their less pronounced negative impact on reproduction. However, the identification of rare sequence variants remains in its infancy, as available next-generation sequencing studies have been conducted in limited samples. Future research strategies will include the enlargement of genomic data sets via innovative recruitment strategies; functional analyses of known associated loci; and the development of new, etiologically based disease models. Researchers hope that deeper insights into the biological causes of affective disorders will eventually lead to improved diagnostics and disease prediction, as well as to the development of new preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies. Pharmacogenetics and the application of polygenic risk scores represent promising initial approaches to the future translation of genomic findings into psychiatric clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas J. Forstner
- Centre for Human Genetics , University of Marburg , Marburg , Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics , University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics , University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics , University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology , University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1) , Research Center Jülich , Jülich , Germany
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Silva MC, Haggarty SJ. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived models and drug screening in CNS precision medicine. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1471:18-56. [PMID: 30875083 PMCID: PMC8193821 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Development of effective therapeutics for neurological disorders has historically been challenging partly because of lack of accurate model systems in which to investigate disease etiology and test new therapeutics at the preclinical stage. Human stem cells, particularly patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) upon differentiation, have the ability to recapitulate aspects of disease pathophysiology and are increasingly recognized as robust scalable systems for drug discovery. We review advances in deriving cellular models of human central nervous system (CNS) disorders using iPSCs along with strategies for investigating disease-relevant phenotypes, translatable biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. Given their potential to identify novel therapeutic targets and leads, we focus on phenotype-based, small-molecule screens employing human stem cell-derived models. Integrated efforts to assemble patient iPSC-derived cell models with deeply annotated clinicopathological data, along with molecular and drug-response signatures, may aid in the stratification of patients, diagnostics, and clinical trial success, shifting translational science and precision medicine approaches. A number of remaining challenges, including the optimization of cost-effective, large-scale culture of iPSC-derived cell types, incorporation of aging into neuronal models, as well as robustness and automation of phenotypic assays to support quantitative drug efficacy, toxicity, and metabolism testing workflows, are covered. Continued advancement of the field is expected to help fully humanize the process of CNS drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Catarina Silva
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
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48
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Collo G, Mucci A, Giordano GM, Merlo Pich E, Galderisi S. Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia and Dopaminergic Transmission: Translational Models and Perspectives Opened by iPSC Techniques. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:632. [PMID: 32625059 PMCID: PMC7315891 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative symptoms (NS) represent a heterogeneous dimension of schizophrenia (SCZ), associated with a poor functional outcome. A dysregulated dopamine (DA) system, including a reduced D1 receptor activation in the prefrontal cortex, DA hypoactivity in the caudate and alterations in D3 receptor activity, seems to contribute to the pathogenesis of NS. However, failure to take into account the NS heterogeneity has slowed down progress in research on their neurobiological correlates and discoveries of new effective treatments. A better neurobiological characterization of NS is needed, and this requires objective quantification of their features that can be applied in translational models, such as animal models and human inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). In this review we summarize the evidence for dopaminergic alterations relevant to NS in translational animal models focusing on dysfunctional motivation, a core aspect of NS. Among others, experiments on mutant rodents with an overexpression of DA D2 or D3 receptors and the dopamine deficient mice are discussed. In the second part we summarize the findings from recent studies using iPSC to model the pathogenesis of SCZ. By retaining the genetic background of risk genetic variants, iPSC offer the possibility to study the effect of de novo mutations or inherited polymorphisms from subgroups of patients and their response to drugs, adding an important tool for personalized psychiatry. Given the key role of DA in NS, we focus on findings of iPSC-derived DA neurons. Since implementation of iPSC-derived neurons to study the neurobiology of SCZ is a relatively recent acquisition, the available data are limited. We highlight some methodological aspects of relevance in the interpretation of in vitro testing results, including limitations and strengths, offering a critical viewpoint for the implementation of future pharmacological studies aimed to the discovery and characterization of novel treatments for NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginetta Collo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Armida Mucci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia M. Giordano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilio Merlo Pich
- Research & Development, Alfasigma Schweiz, Zofingen, Switzerland
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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McNeill RV, Ziegler GC, Radtke F, Nieberler M, Lesch KP, Kittel-Schneider S. Mental health dished up-the use of iPSC models in neuropsychiatric research. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:1547-1568. [PMID: 32377792 PMCID: PMC7578166 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and molecular mechanisms that play a causal role in mental illnesses are challenging to elucidate, particularly as there is a lack of relevant in vitro and in vivo models. However, the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has provided researchers with a novel toolbox. We conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA statement. A PubMed and Web of Science online search was performed (studies published between 2006–2020) using the following search strategy: hiPSC OR iPSC OR iPS OR stem cells AND schizophrenia disorder OR personality disorder OR antisocial personality disorder OR psychopathy OR bipolar disorder OR major depressive disorder OR obsessive compulsive disorder OR anxiety disorder OR substance use disorder OR alcohol use disorder OR nicotine use disorder OR opioid use disorder OR eating disorder OR anorexia nervosa OR attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder OR gaming disorder. Using the above search criteria, a total of 3515 studies were found. After screening, a final total of 56 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in our study. Using iPSC technology, psychiatric disease can be studied in the context of a patient’s own unique genetic background. This has allowed great strides to be made into uncovering the etiology of psychiatric disease, as well as providing a unique paradigm for drug testing. However, there is a lack of data for certain psychiatric disorders and several limitations to present iPSC-based studies, leading us to discuss how this field may progress in the next years to increase its utility in the battle to understand psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon V McNeill
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg C Ziegler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Radtke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Nieberler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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50
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Gouvêa-Junqueira D, Falvella ACB, Antunes ASLM, Seabra G, Brandão-Teles C, Martins-de-Souza D, Crunfli F. Novel Treatment Strategies Targeting Myelin and Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:379. [PMID: 32425837 PMCID: PMC7203658 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the glial cells responsible for the formation of the myelin sheath around axons. During neurodevelopment, oligodendrocytes undergo maturation and differentiation, and later remyelination in adulthood. Abnormalities in these processes have been associated with behavioral and cognitive dysfunctions and the development of various mental illnesses like schizophrenia. Several studies have implicated oligodendrocyte dysfunction and myelin abnormalities in the disorder, together with altered expression of myelin-related genes such as Olig2, CNP, and NRG1. However, the molecular mechanisms subjacent of these alterations remain elusive. Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic psychiatric disorder affecting more than 23 million individuals worldwide and its symptoms usually appear at the beginning of adulthood. Currently, the major therapeutic strategy for schizophrenia relies on the use of antipsychotics. Despite their widespread use, the effects of antipsychotics on glial cells, especially oligodendrocytes, remain unclear. Thus, in this review we highlight the current knowledge regarding oligodendrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia, compiling data from (epi)genetic studies and up-to-date models to investigate the role of oligodendrocytes in the disorder. In addition, we examined potential targets currently investigated for the improvement of schizophrenia symptoms. Research in this area has been investigating potential beneficial compounds, including the D-amino acids D-aspartate and D-serine, that act as NMDA receptor agonists, modulating the glutamatergic signaling; the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, a precursor in the synthesis of glutathione, protecting against the redox imbalance; as well as lithium, an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) signaling, contributing to oligodendrocyte survival and functioning. In conclusion, there is strong evidence linking oligodendrocyte dysfunction to the development of schizophrenia. Hence, a better understanding of oligodendrocyte differentiation, as well as the effects of antipsychotic medication in these cells, could have potential implications for understanding the development of schizophrenia and finding new targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Gouvêa-Junqueira
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline Brambilla Falvella
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - André Saraiva Leão Marcelo Antunes
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Seabra
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brandão-Teles
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, São Paulo, Brazil
- D′Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Crunfli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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