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Chakraborty C, Saha S, Bhattacharya M. Recent Advances in Immunological Landscape and Immunotherapeutic Agent of Nipah Virus Infection. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01424-4. [PMID: 39052192 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the Nipah virus (NiV) emerged as a highly lethal zoonotic pathogen to humans. Outbreaks occurred occasionally in South and Southeast Asia. Therefore, a safe and effective vaccine against the virus is needed to fight against the deadly virus. Understanding the immunological landscape during this lethal virus infection is necessary in this direction. However, we found scattered information on the immunological landscape of the virus's reservoir, as well as hosts such as humans and livestock. The review provides a recent understanding of the immunological landscape of the virus's reservoir, human hosts, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines for NiV infection. To describe the immunological landscape, we divided our review article into some points. Firstly, we illustrated bats' immune response as a reservoir during the NiV infection. Secondly, we illustrated an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune response to the NiV infection, various immune cells, humans' innate immune response, adaptive immunity, and the landscape of cytokines and chemokines. We also discussed INF escape, NET evasion, the T cell landscape, and the B cell landscape during virus infection. Thirdly, we also demonstrated the potential monoclonal antibody therapeutics, and vaccines. Finally, neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) of NiV and potentially other therapeutic strategies were discussed. The review will help researchers for better understanding the immunological landscape, mAbs, and vaccines, enabling them to develop their next-generation versions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India.
| | - Sagnik Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, 756020, Odisha, India
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2
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Atanasoff KE, Parsons AJ, Ophir SI, Lurain N, Kraus T, Moran T, Duty JA, Tortorella D. A broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody generated from transgenic mice immunized with HCMV particles limits virus infection and proliferation. J Virol 2024; 98:e0021324. [PMID: 38832789 PMCID: PMC11264687 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00213-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a β-herpesvirus that poses severe disease risk for immunocompromised patients who experience primary infection or reactivation. Development and optimization of safe and effective anti-HCMV therapeutics is of urgent necessity for the prevention and treatment of HCMV-associated diseases in diverse populations. The use of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to limit HCMV infection poses a promising therapeutic strategy, as anti-HCMV mAbs largely inhibit infection by targeting virion glycoprotein complexes. In contrast, the small-molecule compounds currently approved for patients (e.g., ganciclovir, letermovir, and maribavir) target later stages of the HCMV life cycle. Here, we present a broadly neutralizing human mAb, designated 1C10, elicited from a VelocImmune mouse immunized with infectious HCMV particles. Clone 1C10 neutralizes infection after virion binding to cells by targeting gH/gL envelope complexes and potently reduces infection of diverse HCMV strains in fibroblast, trophoblast, and epithelial cells. Antibody competition assays found that 1C10 recognizes a region of gH associated with broad neutralization and binds to soluble pentamer in the low nanomolar range. Importantly, 1C10 treatment significantly reduced virus proliferation in both fibroblast and epithelial cells. Further, the combination treatment of mAb 1C10 with ganciclovir reduced HCMV infection and proliferation in a synergistic manner. This work characterizes a neutralizing human mAb for potential use as a HCMV treatment, as well as a possible therapeutic strategy utilizing combination-based treatments targeting disparate steps of the viral life cycle. Collectively, the findings support an antibody-based therapy to effectively treat patients at risk for HCMV-associated diseases. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus is a herpesvirus that infects a large proportion of the population and can cause significant disease in diverse patient populations whose immune systems are suppressed or compromised. The development and optimization of safe anti-HCMV therapeutics, especially those that have viral targets and inhibition mechanisms different from current HCMV treatments, are of urgent necessity to better public health. Human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that prevent HCMV entry of cells were identified by immunizing transgenic mice and screened for broad and effective neutralization capability. Here, we describe one such mAb, which was found to target gH/gL envelope complexes and effectively limit HCMV infection and dissemination. Further, administration of the antibody in combination with the antiviral drug ganciclovir inhibited HCMV in a synergistic manner, highlighting this approach and the use of anti-HCMV mAbs more broadly, as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diverse patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E. Atanasoff
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea J. Parsons
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sabrina I. Ophir
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nell Lurain
- Department of Immunology-Microbiology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Center for Therapeutic Antibody Development, Drug Discovery Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Moran
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Therapeutic Antibody Development, Drug Discovery Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - J. Andrew Duty
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Therapeutic Antibody Development, Drug Discovery Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Domenico Tortorella
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Hwang J, Jang IY, Bae E, Choi J, Kim JH, Lee SB, Kim JH, Lee JP, Jang HY, Kim HT, Lim JW, Yeom M, Jang E, Kim SE, Jeong HH, Kim JW, Seong SY, Song D, Na W. H1N1 nanobody development and therapeutic efficacy verification in H1N1-challenged mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116781. [PMID: 38805966 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus causes numerous deaths and infections worldwide annually. Therefore, we have considered nanobodies as a potential treatment for patients with severe cases of influenza. We developed a nanobody that was expected to have protective efficacy against the A/California/04/2009 (CA/04; pandemic 2009 flu strain) and evaluated its therapeutic efficacy against CA/04 in mice experiments. This nanobody was derived from the immunization of the alpaca, and the inactivated CA/04 virus was used as an immunogen. We successfully generated a nanobody library through bio-panning, phage ELISA, and Bio-layer interferometry. Moreover, we confirmed that administering nanobodies after lethal doses of CA/04 reduced viral replication in the lungs and influenza-induced clinical signs in mice. These research findings will help to develop nanobodies as viral therapeutics for CA/04 and other infectious viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Young Jang
- Shaperon R&D center, Shaperon, Inc., Seoul 06373, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseo Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Kim
- Shaperon R&D center, Shaperon, Inc., Seoul 06373, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Beum Lee
- Shaperon R&D center, Shaperon, Inc., Seoul 06373, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- Shaperon R&D center, Shaperon, Inc., Seoul 06373, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Pil Lee
- Shaperon R&D center, Shaperon, Inc., Seoul 06373, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Young Jang
- Shaperon R&D center, Shaperon, Inc., Seoul 06373, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Tae Kim
- Shaperon R&D center, Shaperon, Inc., Seoul 06373, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoo Yeom
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Jang
- Research Center, HuVet bio, Inc., Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Research Center, HuVet bio, Inc., Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Hwa Jeong
- Research Center, HuVet bio, Inc., Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woo Kim
- Research Center, HuVet bio, Inc., Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Seong
- Shaperon R&D center, Shaperon, Inc., Seoul 06373, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daesub Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woonsung Na
- Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Jin R, Ye Q, Wang J, Cao Z, Jiang D, Wang T, Kang Y, Xu W, Hsieh CY, Hou T. AttABseq: an attention-based deep learning prediction method for antigen-antibody binding affinity changes based on protein sequences. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae304. [PMID: 38960407 PMCID: PMC11221889 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The optimization of therapeutic antibodies through traditional techniques, such as candidate screening via hybridoma or phage display, is resource-intensive and time-consuming. In recent years, computational and artificial intelligence-based methods have been actively developed to accelerate and improve the development of therapeutic antibodies. In this study, we developed an end-to-end sequence-based deep learning model, termed AttABseq, for the predictions of the antigen-antibody binding affinity changes connected with antibody mutations. AttABseq is a highly efficient and generic attention-based model by utilizing diverse antigen-antibody complex sequences as the input to predict the binding affinity changes of residue mutations. The assessment on the three benchmark datasets illustrates that AttABseq is 120% more accurate than other sequence-based models in terms of the Pearson correlation coefficient between the predicted and experimental binding affinity changes. Moreover, AttABseq also either outperforms or competes favorably with the structure-based approaches. Furthermore, AttABseq consistently demonstrates robust predictive capabilities across a diverse array of conditions, underscoring its remarkable capacity for generalization across a wide spectrum of antigen-antibody complexes. It imposes no constraints on the quantity of altered residues, rendering it particularly applicable in scenarios where crystallographic structures remain unavailable. The attention-based interpretability analysis indicates that the causal effects of point mutations on antibody-antigen binding affinity changes can be visualized at the residue level, which might assist automated antibody sequence optimization. We believe that AttABseq provides a fiercely competitive answer to therapeutic antibody optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofan Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jike Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dejun Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianyue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Kang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanting Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chang-Yu Hsieh
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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5
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De Greve H, Fioravanti A. Single domain antibodies from camelids in the treatment of microbial infections. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334829. [PMID: 38827746 PMCID: PMC11140111 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases continue to pose significant global health challenges. In addition to the enduring burdens of ailments like malaria and HIV, the emergence of nosocomial outbreaks driven by antibiotic-resistant pathogens underscores the ongoing threats. Furthermore, recent infectious disease crises, exemplified by the Ebola and SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks, have intensified the pursuit of more effective and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic solutions. Among the promising options, antibodies have garnered significant attention due to their favorable structural characteristics and versatile applications. Notably, nanobodies (Nbs), the smallest functional single-domain antibodies of heavy-chain only antibodies produced by camelids, exhibit remarkable capabilities in stable antigen binding. They offer unique advantages such as ease of expression and modification and enhanced stability, as well as improved hydrophilicity compared to conventional antibody fragments (antigen-binding fragments (Fab) or single-chain variable fragments (scFv)) that can aggregate due to their low solubility. Nanobodies directly target antigen epitopes or can be engineered into multivalent Nbs and Nb-fusion proteins, expanding their therapeutic potential. This review is dedicated to charting the progress in Nb research, particularly those derived from camelids, and highlighting their diverse applications in treating infectious diseases, spanning both human and animal contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri De Greve
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antonella Fioravanti
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Fondazione ParSeC – Parco delle Scienze e della Cultura, Prato, Italy
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6
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Hoang PT, Luong QXT, Ayun RQ, Lee Y, Oh KJ, Kim T, Lee TK, Lee S. A synergistic therapy against influenza virus A/H1N1/PR8 by a HA1 specific neutralizing single-domain V L and an RNA hydrolyzing scFv. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1355599. [PMID: 38706966 PMCID: PMC11066198 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1355599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of anti-influenza drug-resistant strains poses a challenge for influenza therapy due to mutations in the virus's surface protein. Recently, there has been increasing interest in combination therapy consisting of two or more drugs as a potential alternative approach, aiming to enhance therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we investigated a novel synergistic therapy with a vertical effect using a single-domain VL-HA1-specific antibody against H1N1/PR8 and a horizontal effect using an RNA catalytic antibody with broad-spectrum influenza antiviral drug. We isolated a single-domain VL-HA1-specific (NVLH8) antibody binding to the virus particles showing a neutralizing activity against influenza virus A, specifically H1N1/PR8, as determined by the reduction in plaque number and lower viral HA protein expression in vitro. The neutralizing antibody likely prevented the viral entry, specifically at the viral genome-releasing step. Additionally, the 3D8 scFv hydrolyzed viral RNAs in the cytoplasm, including mRNA, vRNA, and cRNA in MDCK cells. The combined treatment of neutralizing antibodies for a vertical effect and 3D8 scFv for a horizontal effect produced a synergistic effect providing a novel approach against viral diseases when compared with a single treatment. Our results indicated that combining treatment, in particular two proteins exhibiting different mechanisms of action increased the antiviral activity against the influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thi Hoang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Novelgen Co., Ltd., R&D Center, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Quynh Xuan Thi Luong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramadhani Qurrota Ayun
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjun Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ji Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Novelgen Co., Ltd., R&D Center, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyun Kim
- Novelgen Co., Ltd., R&D Center, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Kyun Lee
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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7
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Mustafa MI, Mohammed A. Developing recombinant antibodies by phage display technology to neutralize viral infectious diseases. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2024; 29:100140. [PMID: 38182043 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The use of recombinant antibodies developed through phage display technology offers a promising approach for combating viral infectious diseases. By specifically targeting antigens on viral surfaces, these antibodies have the potential to reduce the severity of infections or even prevent them altogether. With the emergence of new and more virulent strains of viruses, it is crucial to develop innovative methods to counteract them. Phage display technology has proven successful in generating recombinant antibodies capable of targeting specific viral antigens, thereby providing a powerful tool to fight viral infections. In this mini-review article, we examine the development of these antibodies using phage display technology, and discuss the associated challenges and opportunities in developing novel treatments for viral infectious diseases. Furthermore, we provide an overview of phage display technology. As these methods continue to evolve and improve, novel and sophisticated tools based on phage display and peptide display systems are constantly emerging, offering exciting prospects for solving scientific, medical, and technological problems related to viral infectious diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujahed I Mustafa
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied and Industrial Sciences, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Ahmed Mohammed
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Omdurman Islamic university, Omdurman, Sudan
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8
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Kaiser FK, Hernandez MG, Krüger N, Englund E, Du W, Mykytyn AZ, Raadsen MP, Lamers MM, Rodrigues Ianiski F, Shamorkina TM, Snijder J, Armando F, Beythien G, Ciurkiewicz M, Schreiner T, Gruber-Dujardin E, Bleyer M, Batura O, Erffmeier L, Hinkel R, Rocha C, Mirolo M, Drabek D, Bosch BJ, Emalfarb M, Valbuena N, Tchelet R, Baumgärtner W, Saloheimo M, Pöhlmann S, Grosveld F, Haagmans BL, Osterhaus ADME. Filamentous fungus-produced human monoclonal antibody provides protection against SARS-CoV-2 in hamster and non-human primate models. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2319. [PMID: 38485931 PMCID: PMC10940701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are an increasingly important tool for prophylaxis and treatment of acute virus infections like SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, their use is often restricted due to the time required for development, variable yields and high production costs, as well as the need for adaptation to newly emerging virus variants. Here we use the genetically modified filamentous fungus expression system Thermothelomyces heterothallica (C1), which has a naturally high biosynthesis capacity for secretory enzymes and other proteins, to produce a human monoclonal IgG1 antibody (HuMab 87G7) that neutralises the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. Both the mammalian cell and C1 produced HuMab 87G7 broadly neutralise SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in vitro and also provide protection against VOC Omicron in hamsters. The C1 produced HuMab 87G7 is also able to protect against the Delta VOC in non-human primates. In summary, these findings show that the C1 expression system is a promising technology platform for the development of HuMabs in preventive and therapeutic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska K Kaiser
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mariana Gonzalez Hernandez
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadine Krüger
- German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ellinor Englund
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Wenjuan Du
- Virology Section, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Z Mykytyn
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mathijs P Raadsen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mart M Lamers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Francine Rodrigues Ianiski
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tatiana M Shamorkina
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Snijder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Federico Armando
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georg Beythien
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Ciurkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tom Schreiner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva Gruber-Dujardin
- German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martina Bleyer
- German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olga Batura
- German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Erffmeier
- German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cheila Rocha
- German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Monica Mirolo
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dubravka Drabek
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands and Harbour BioMed, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Berend-Jan Bosch
- Virology Section, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markku Saloheimo
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank Grosveld
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands and Harbour BioMed, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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9
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You M, Chen F, Yu C, Chen Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Guo X, Zhou B, Wang X, Zhang B, Fang M, Zhang T, Yue P, Wang Y, Yuan Q, Luo W. A glycoengineered therapeutic anti-HBV antibody that allows increased HBsAg immunoclearance improves HBV suppression in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1213726. [PMID: 38205373 PMCID: PMC10777313 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1213726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The effective and persistent suppression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in patients with chronic HBV infection (CHB) is considered to be a promising approach to achieve a functional cure of hepatitis B. In our previous study, we found that the antibody E6F6 can clear HBsAg through FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, and its humanized form (huE6F6 antibody) is expected to be a new tool for the treatment of CHB. Previous studies have shown that the glycosylation of Fc segments affects the binding of antibodies to FcγR and thus affects the biological activity of antibodies in vivo. Methods: To further improve the therapeutic potential of huE6F6, in this study, we defucosylated huE6F6 (huE6F6-fuc-), preliminarily explored the developability of this molecule, and studied the therapeutic potential of this molecule and its underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo models. Results: huE6F6-fuc- has desirable physicochemical properties. Compared with huE6F6-wt, huE6F6-fuc- administration resulted in a stronger viral clearance in vivo. Meanwhile, huE6F6-fuc- keep a similar neutralization activity and binding activity to huE6F6-wt in vitro. Immunological analyses suggested that huE6F6-fuc- exhibited enhanced binding to hCD32b and hCD16b, which mainly contributed to its enhanced therapeutic activity in vivo. Conclusions: In summary, the huE6F6-fuc- molecule that was developed in this study, which has desirable developability, can clear HBsAg more efficiently in vivo, providing a promising treatment for CHB patients. Our study provides new guidance for antibody engineering in other disease fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min You
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fentian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuanzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xueran Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mujin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
| | - Tianying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
| | - Ping Yue
- School of Biology and Engineering (School of Health Medicine Modern Industry), Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center in University of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yingbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
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10
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Wang S, Wang Z, Li Y, Tu S, Zou J, Cheng Y, Zhang H, Suolang S, Zhou H. Generation of whole-porcine neutralizing antibodies of an alphacoronavirus by single B cell antibody technology. Antiviral Res 2023; 220:105754. [PMID: 37967753 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an alphacoronavirus that causes severe morbidity and mortality in piglets, resulting in substantial economic losses to the swine industry. While vaccination is currently the most effective preventive measure, existing vaccines fail to provide complete and reliable protection against PEDV infection. Consequently, there is a need to explore alternative or complementary strategies to address this issue. In this study, we utilized single B cell antibody technology to obtain a potent neutralizing antibody, C62, which specifically targets the receptor binding domain S1B of the PEDV-S1 protein. C62 exhibited potent neutralizing activity against PEDV and inhibited viral attachment to the cell surface in vitro. Furthermore, the effectiveness of C62 in mitigating PEDV infection was demonstrated in vivo, as evidenced by the delayed onset of diarrhea and reduced mortality rates observed in piglets following oral administration of C62. Our study provides an alternative approach for controlling PEDV infection. Meanwhile, C62 holds promise as a therapeutic biological agent to complement existing vaccines. More importantly, our study forms a solid foundation for the development of whole-porcine neutralizing antibodies against other swine coronaviruses, thus contributing to the overall improvement of swine health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Zhichen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Ying Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Shaoyu Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Jiahui Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Yanqing Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Wuhan Keqian Biological Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Sizhu Suolang
- Department of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, Tibet, PR China.
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, Tibet, PR China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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11
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Phan T, Zitzmann C, Chew KW, Smith DM, Daar ES, Wohl DA, Eron JJ, Currier JS, Hughes MD, Choudhary MC, Deo R, Li JZ, Ribeiro RM, Ke R, Perelson AS. Modeling the emergence of viral resistance for SARS-CoV-2 during treatment with an anti-spike monoclonal antibody. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.14.557679. [PMID: 37745410 PMCID: PMC10515893 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.14.557679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to over 760 million cases and 6.9 million deaths worldwide. To mitigate the loss of lives, emergency use authorization was given to several anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in patients with a high risk of progressing to severe disease. Monoclonal antibodies used to treat SARS-CoV-2 target the spike protein of the virus and block its ability to enter and infect target cells. Monoclonal antibody therapy can thus accelerate the decline in viral load and lower hospitalization rates among high-risk patients with susceptible variants. However, viral resistance has been observed, in some cases leading to a transient viral rebound that can be as large as 3-4 orders of magnitude. As mAbs represent a proven treatment choice for SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections, evaluation of treatment-emergent mAb resistance can help uncover underlying pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and may also help in the development of the next generation of mAb therapies. Although resistance can be expected, the large rebounds observed are much more difficult to explain. We hypothesize replenishment of target cells is necessary to generate the high transient viral rebound. Thus, we formulated two models with different mechanisms for target cell replenishment (homeostatic proliferation and return from an innate immune response anti-viral state) and fit them to data from persons with SARS-CoV-2 treated with a mAb. We showed that both models can explain the emergence of resistant virus associated with high transient viral rebounds. We found that variations in the target cell supply rate and adaptive immunity parameters have a strong impact on the magnitude or observability of the viral rebound associated with the emergence of resistant virus. Both variations in target cell supply rate and adaptive immunity parameters may explain why only some individuals develop observable transient resistant viral rebound. Our study highlights the conditions that can lead to resistance and subsequent viral rebound in mAb treatments during acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Phan
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Carolin Zitzmann
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Kara W. Chew
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Davey M. Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric S. Daar
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - David A. Wohl
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph J. Eron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Judith S. Currier
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Manish C. Choudhary
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rinki Deo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruy M. Ribeiro
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Ruian Ke
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Alan S. Perelson
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
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12
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Struble EB, Rawson JMO, Stantchev T, Scott D, Shapiro MA. Uses and Challenges of Antiviral Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibody Therapies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051538. [PMID: 37242780 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases represent a major public health concerns and ever-present risks for developing into future pandemics. Antiviral antibody therapeutics, either alone or in combination with other therapies, emerged as valuable preventative and treatment options, including during global emergencies. Here we will discuss polyclonal and monoclonal antiviral antibody therapies, focusing on the unique biochemical and physiological properties that make them well-suited as therapeutic agents. We will describe the methods of antibody characterization and potency assessment throughout development, highlighting similarities and differences between polyclonal and monoclonal products as appropriate. In addition, we will consider the benefits and challenges of antiviral antibodies when used in combination with other antibodies or other types of antiviral therapeutics. Lastly, we will discuss novel approaches to the characterization and development of antiviral antibodies and identify areas that would benefit from additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi B Struble
- Division of Plasma Derivatives, Office of Plasma Protein Therapeutics CMC, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Jonathan M O Rawson
- Division of Antivirals, Office of Infectious Diseases, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Tzanko Stantchev
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Dorothy Scott
- Division of Plasma Derivatives, Office of Plasma Protein Therapeutics CMC, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Marjorie A Shapiro
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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13
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Meade E, Rowan N, Garvey M. Bioprocessing and the Production of Antiviral Biologics in the Prevention and Treatment of Viral Infectious Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050992. [PMID: 37243096 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging, re-emerging and zoonotic viral pathogens represent a serious threat to human health, resulting in morbidity, mortality and potentially economic instability at a global scale. Certainly, the recent emergence of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus (and its variants) highlighted the impact of such pathogens, with the pandemic creating unprecedented and continued demands for the accelerated production of antiviral therapeutics. With limited effective small molecule therapies available for metaphylaxis, vaccination programs have been the mainstay against virulent viral species. Traditional vaccines remain highly effective at providing high antibody titres, but are, however, slow to manufacture in times of emergency. The limitations of traditional vaccine modalities may be overcome by novel strategies, as outlined herein. To prevent future disease outbreaks, paradigm shift changes in manufacturing and distribution are necessary to advance the production of vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, cytokines and other antiviral therapies. Accelerated paths for antivirals have been made possible due to advances in bioprocessing, leading to the production of novel antiviral agents. This review outlines the role of bioprocessing in the production of biologics and advances in mitigating viral infectious disease. In an era of emerging viral diseases and the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance, this review provides insight into a significant method of antiviral agent production which is key to protecting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Meade
- Department of Life Science, Atlantic Technological University, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Atlantic Technological University, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
| | - Neil Rowan
- Bioscience Research Institute, Technical University Shannon Midlands Midwest, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Mary Garvey
- Department of Life Science, Atlantic Technological University, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Atlantic Technological University, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
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14
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Esposito S, Amirthalingam G, Bassetti M, Blasi F, De Rosa FG, Halasa NB, Hung I, Osterhaus A, Tan T, Torres JP, Vena A, Principi N. Monoclonal antibodies for prophylaxis and therapy of respiratory syncytial virus, SARS-CoV-2, human immunodeficiency virus, rabies and bacterial infections: an update from the World Association of Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders and the Italian Society of Antinfective Therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1162342. [PMID: 37256125 PMCID: PMC10226646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1162342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mABs) are safe and effective proteins produced in laboratory that may be used to target a single epitope of a highly conserved protein of a virus or a bacterial pathogen. For this purpose, the epitope is selected among those that play the major role as targets for prevention of infection or tissue damage. In this paper, characteristics of the most important mABs that have been licensed and used or are in advanced stages of development for use in prophylaxis and therapy of infectious diseases are discussed. We showed that a great number of mABs effective against virus or bacterial infections have been developed, although only in a small number of cases these are licensed for use in clinical practice and have reached the market. Although some examples of therapeutic efficacy have been shown, not unlike more traditional antiviral or antibacterial treatments, their efficacy is significantly greater in prophylaxis or early post-exposure treatment. Although in many cases the use of vaccines is more effective and cost-effective than that of mABs, for many infectious diseases no vaccines have yet been developed and licensed. Furthermore, in emergency situations, like in epidemics or pandemics, the availability of mABs can be an attractive adjunct to our armament to reduce the impact. Finally, the availability of mABs against bacteria can be an important alternative, when multidrug-resistant strains are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gayatri Amirthalingam
- Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Bassetti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Natasha B. Halasa
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ivan Hung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Albert Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tina Tan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Juan Pablo Torres
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Facultad de Medicina, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Sistemas Complejos de Ingeniería (ISCI), Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Vena
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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15
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A human monoclonal antibody against HBsAg for the prevention and treatment of chronic HBV and HDV infection. JHEP REPORTS : INNOVATION IN HEPATOLOGY 2023; 5:100646. [PMID: 36748051 PMCID: PMC9898450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background & Aims Elimination of chronic HBV/HDV infection remains a major global health challenge. Targeting excessive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) release may provide an interesting window of opportunity to break immune tolerance and to achieve a functional cure using additional antivirals. Methods We evaluated a HBsAg-specific human monoclonal antibody, as part of either a prophylactic or therapeutic strategy, against HBV/HDV infection in cell culture models and in human-liver chimeric mice. To assess prophylactic efficacy, mice were passively immunized prior to infection with HBV or HBV/HDV (coinfection and superinfection setting). Therapeutic efficacy was assessed in HBV and HBV/HDV-coinfected mice receiving 4 weeks of treatment. Viral parameters (HBV DNA, HDV RNA and HBsAg) were assessed in mouse plasma. Results The antibody could effectively prevent HBV/HDV infection in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of ∼3.5 ng/ml. Passive immunization showed complete protection of mice from both HBV and HBV/HDV coinfection. Moreover, HDV superinfection was either completely prevented or at least attenuated in HBV-infected mice. Finally, antibody treatment in mice with established HBV/HDV infection resulted in a significant decline in viremia and a concomitant drop in on-treatment HBsAg, with a moderate viral rebound following treatment cessation. Conclusion We present data on a valuable antibody candidate that could complement other antivirals in strategies aimed at achieving functional cure of chronic HBV and HDV infection. Impact and implications Patients chronically infected with HBV may eventually develop liver cancer and are at great risk of being superinfected with HDV, which worsens and accelerates disease progression. Unfortunately, current treatments can rarely eliminate both viruses from chronically infected patients. In this study, we present data on a novel antibody that is able to prevent chronic HBV/HDV infection in a mouse model with a humanized liver. Moreover, antibody treatment of HBV/HDV-infected mice strongly diminishes viral loads during therapy. This antibody is a valuable candidate for further clinical development.
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16
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Palanichamy Kala M, St. John AL, Rathore APS. Dengue: Update on Clinically Relevant Therapeutic Strategies and Vaccines. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 15:27-52. [PMID: 37124673 PMCID: PMC10111087 DOI: 10.1007/s40506-023-00263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENV) continue to circulate worldwide, resulting in a significant burden on human health. There are four antigenically distinct serotypes of DENV, an infection of which could result in a potentially life-threatening disease. Current treatment options are limited and rely on supportive care. Although one dengue vaccine is approved for dengue-immune individuals and has modest efficacy, there is still a need for therapeutics and vaccines that can reduce dengue morbidities and lower the infection burden. There have been recent advances in the development of promising drugs for the treatment of dengue. These include direct antivirals that can reduce virus replication as well as host-targeted drugs for reducing inflammation and/or vascular pathologies. There are also new vaccine candidates that are being evaluated for their safety and efficacy in preventing dengue disease. This review highlights nuances in the current standard-of-care treatment of dengue. We also discuss emerging treatment options, therapeutic drugs, and vaccines that are currently being pursued at various stages of preclinical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Palanichamy Kala
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Rd., Level 9, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Ashley L. St. John
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Rd., Level 9, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, 207 Research Rd, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Abhay P. S. Rathore
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, 207 Research Rd, Durham, NC 27705 USA
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17
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Jeong SL, Zhang H, Yamaki S, Yang C, McKemy D, Lieber M, Pham P, Goodman M. Immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation in a defined biochemical system recapitulates affinity maturation and permits antibody optimization. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:11738-11754. [PMID: 36321646 PMCID: PMC9723645 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a purified biochemical system to produce monoclonal antibodies (Abs) in vitro using activation-induced deoxycytidine deaminase (AID) and DNA polymerase η (Polη) to diversify immunoglobulin variable gene (IgV) libraries within a phage display format. AID and Polη function during B-cell affinity maturation by catalyzing somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin variable genes (IgV) to generate high-affinity Abs. The IgV mutational motif specificities observed in vivo are conserved in vitro. IgV mutations occurred in antibody complementary determining regions (CDRs) and less frequently in framework (FW) regions. A unique feature of our system is the use of AID and Polη to perform repetitive affinity maturation on libraries reconstructed from a preceding selection step. We have obtained scFv Abs against human glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), a target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and VHH nanobodies targeting Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH), involved in chronic pain, and artemin, a neurotropic factor that regulates cold pain. A round of in vitro affinity maturation typically resulted in a 2- to 4-fold enhancement in Ab-Ag binding, demonstrating the utility of the system. We tested one of the affinity matured nanobodies and found that it reduced injury-induced cold pain in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Lim Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Shanni Yamaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Chenyu Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - David D McKemy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Michael R Lieber
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA,Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Phuong Pham
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Myron F Goodman
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 213 740 5190; Fax: +1 213 821 1138;
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Lu J, Chen L, Du P, Guo J, Wang X, Jiang Y, Yu Y, Wang R, Yang Z. A human monoclonal antibody to neutralize all four serotypes of dengue virus derived from patients at the convalescent phase of infection. Virology 2022; 576:74-82. [PMID: 36183498 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a prevalent mosquito-transmitted human pathogen, causing about 100 million cases of acute dengue fever and 21,000 deaths annually worldwide. Therapeutic neutralizing antibodies against dengue virus might be effective to treat severe dengue fever. Here, we showed that human monoclonal antibody (HMAb) 9C7 bound to all four intact serotypes of DENV but not to the recombinant envelope protein, suggesting HMAb 9C7 recognized a conformational epitope of the envelope protein. Taken together our results suggested that HMAb 9C7 neutralized all four serotypes of DENV in vitro and, for DENV-1, indicated activity at the pre- and post-attachment steps in the viral life cycle. HMAb 9C7 potently protected suckling mice from lethal challenge with all four serotypes of DENV. FcγRII-mediated uptake of immune complexes and antibody-dependent enhancement at low doses of the antibody were abolished by two Leu-to-Ala (9C7-LALA) mutations or deletion of nine amino acids (9C7-9del) in HMAb 9C7 Fc. Therefore, HMAb 9C7 represented a promising prophylactic and therapeutic agent against all four serotypes of DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Lu
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Du
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazheng Guo
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhou Yu
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhixin Yang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.
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19
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Huang K, Ying T, Wu Y. Single-Domain Antibodies as Therapeutics for Respiratory RNA Virus Infections. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061162. [PMID: 35746634 PMCID: PMC9230756 DOI: 10.3390/v14061162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, infectious diseases with high morbidity and mortality disrupted human healthcare systems and devastated economies globally. Respiratory viruses, especially emerging or re-emerging RNA viruses, including influenza and human coronavirus, are the main pathogens of acute respiratory diseases that cause epidemics or even global pandemics. Importantly, due to the rapid mutation of viruses, there are few effective drugs and vaccines for the treatment and prevention of these RNA virus infections. Of note, a class of antibodies derived from camelid and shark, named nanobody or single-domain antibody (sdAb), was characterized by smaller size, lower production costs, more accessible binding epitopes, and inhalable properties, which have advantages in the treatment of respiratory diseases compared to conventional antibodies. Currently, a number of sdAbs have been developed against various respiratory RNA viruses and demonstrated potent therapeutic efficacy in mouse models. Here, we review the current status of the development of antiviral sdAb and discuss their potential as therapeutics for respiratory RNA viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Huang
- MOE/NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Tianlei Ying
- MOE/NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (T.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yanling Wu
- MOE/NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (T.Y.); (Y.W.)
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20
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Tipoe T, Fidler S, Frater J. An exploration of how broadly neutralizing antibodies might induce HIV remission: the 'vaccinal' effect. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2022; 17:162-170. [PMID: 35439790 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are a potential new therapeutic strategy to treat HIV infection. This review explores possible mechanisms of action of bNAbs and summarizes the current evidence supporting their immunomodulatory properties, which might lead to sustained virological remission - the 'vaccinal effect'. RECENT FINDINGS Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is required to confer lasting HIV suppression; stopping ART almost invariably leads to HIV recrudescence from a persistent pool of virally infected cells - the HIV reservoir. HIV-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) may confer viral control after ART cessation predominantly through blockade of viral entry into uninfected target cells. In some human and animal studies, HIV bNAbs also conferred lasting viral suppression after therapeutic bNAb plasma levels had declined. Immune-modulatory mechanisms have been postulated to underlie this observation - the 'vaccinal effect'. Hypothesized mechanisms include the formation of immune complexes between bNAbs and HIV envelope protein, thereby enhancing antigen presentation and uptake by immune cells, with boosted adaptive immune responses subsequently controlling the HIV reservoir. SUMMARY There is emerging evidence for potent antiviral efficacy of bNAb therapy. Whether bNAbs can induce sustained viral suppression after dropping below therapeutic levels remains controversial. Mechanistic data from on-going and future clinical trials will help answer these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Tipoe
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - Sarah Fidler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London
- Department of GU and HIV Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London
- NIHR Imperial College Biomedical Research, UK
| | - John Frater
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford
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21
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Murin CD, Gilchuk P, Crowe JE, Ward AB. Structural Biology Illuminates Molecular Determinants of Broad Ebolavirus Neutralization by Human Antibodies for Pan-Ebolavirus Therapeutic Development. Front Immunol 2022; 12:808047. [PMID: 35082794 PMCID: PMC8784787 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.808047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have proven effective for the treatment of ebolavirus infection in humans, with two mAb-based drugs Inmazeb™ and Ebanga™ receiving FDA approval in 2020. While these drugs represent a major advance in the field of filoviral therapeutics, they are composed of antibodies with single-species specificity for Zaire ebolavirus. The Ebolavirus genus includes five additional species, two of which, Bundibugyo ebolavirus and Sudan ebolavirus, have caused severe disease and significant outbreaks in the past. There are several recently identified broadly neutralizing ebolavirus antibodies, including some in the clinical development pipeline, that have demonstrated broad protection in preclinical studies. In this review, we describe how structural biology has illuminated the molecular basis of broad ebolavirus neutralization, including details of common antigenic sites of vulnerability on the glycoprotein surface. We begin with a discussion outlining the history of monoclonal antibody therapeutics for ebolaviruses, with an emphasis on how structural biology has contributed to these efforts. Next, we highlight key structural studies that have advanced our understanding of ebolavirus glycoprotein structures and mechanisms of antibody-mediated neutralization. Finally, we offer examples of how structural biology has contributed to advances in anti-viral medicines and discuss what opportunities the future holds, including rationally designed next-generation therapeutics with increased potency, breadth, and specificity against ebolaviruses.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antiviral Agents/immunology
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Drug Combinations
- Ebolavirus/drug effects
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Ebolavirus/physiology
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/immunology
- Glycoproteins/chemistry
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/drug therapy
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology
- Humans
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Domains/immunology
- Viral Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D. Murin
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - James E. Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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22
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Akbar R, Robert PA, Weber CR, Widrich M, Frank R, Pavlović M, Scheffer L, Chernigovskaya M, Snapkov I, Slabodkin A, Mehta BB, Miho E, Lund-Johansen F, Andersen JT, Hochreiter S, Hobæk Haff I, Klambauer G, Sandve GK, Greiff V. In silico proof of principle of machine learning-based antibody design at unconstrained scale. MAbs 2022; 14:2031482. [PMID: 35377271 PMCID: PMC8986205 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2031482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Generative machine learning (ML) has been postulated to become a major driver in the computational design of antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb). However, efforts to confirm this hypothesis have been hindered by the infeasibility of testing arbitrarily large numbers of antibody sequences for their most critical design parameters: paratope, epitope, affinity, and developability. To address this challenge, we leveraged a lattice-based antibody-antigen binding simulation framework, which incorporates a wide range of physiological antibody-binding parameters. The simulation framework enables the computation of synthetic antibody-antigen 3D-structures, and it functions as an oracle for unrestricted prospective evaluation and benchmarking of antibody design parameters of ML-generated antibody sequences. We found that a deep generative model, trained exclusively on antibody sequence (one dimensional: 1D) data can be used to design conformational (three dimensional: 3D) epitope-specific antibodies, matching, or exceeding the training dataset in affinity and developability parameter value variety. Furthermore, we established a lower threshold of sequence diversity necessary for high-accuracy generative antibody ML and demonstrated that this lower threshold also holds on experimental real-world data. Finally, we show that transfer learning enables the generation of high-affinity antibody sequences from low-N training data. Our work establishes a priori feasibility and the theoretical foundation of high-throughput ML-based mAb design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmad Akbar
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Philippe A. Robert
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Cédric R. Weber
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Widrich
- Ellis Unit Linz and Lit Ai Lab, Institute for Machine Learning, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Robert Frank
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Maria Chernigovskaya
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Igor Snapkov
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrei Slabodkin
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Brij Bhushan Mehta
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Enkelejda Miho
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sepp Hochreiter
- Ellis Unit Linz and Lit Ai Lab, Institute for Machine Learning, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
- Institute of Advanced Research in Artificial Intelligence (IARAI), Austria
| | | | - Günter Klambauer
- Ellis Unit Linz and Lit Ai Lab, Institute for Machine Learning, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway
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23
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Yumoto K, Arisaka T, Okada K, Aoki K, Ose T, Masatani T, Sugiyama M, Ito N, Fukuhara H, Maenaka K. Characterization of Single-Chain Fv Fragments of Neutralizing Antibodies to Rabies Virus Glycoprotein. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112311. [PMID: 34835117 PMCID: PMC8624154 DOI: 10.3390/v13112311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies has almost a 100% case-fatality rate and kills more than 59,000 people annually around the world. There is no established treatment for rabies. The rabies virus (RABV) expresses only the glycoprotein (RABVG) at the viral surface, and it is the target for the neutralizing antibodies. We previously established mouse monoclonal antibodies, 15–13 and 12–22, which showed neutralizing activity against the RABV, targeting the sequential and conformational epitopes on the RABVG, respectively. However, the molecular basis for the neutralizing activity of these antibodies is not yet fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the binding characteristics of the Fab fragments of the 15–13 and 12–22 antibodies. The recombinant RABVG protein, in prefusion form for the binding analysis, was prepared by the silkworm–baculovirus expression system. Biolayer interferometry (BLI) analysis indicated that the 15–13 Fab interacts with the RABVG, with a KD value at the nM level, and that the 12–22 Fab has a weaker binding affinity (KD ~ μM) with the RABVG compared to the 15–13 Fab. Furthermore, we determined the amino acid sequences of both the antibodies and the designed single-chain Fv fragments (scFvs) of the 15–13 and 12–22 antibodies as another potential biopharmaceutical for targeting rabies. The 15–13 and 12–22 scFvs were successfully prepared by the refolding method and were shown to interact with the RABVG at the nM level and the μM level of the KD, respectively. These binding characteristics were similar to that of each Fab. On the other hand, differential scanning fluorometry (DSF) revealed that the thermal stability of these scFvs decreases compared to their Fabs. While the improvement of the stability of scFvs will still be required, these results provide insights into the neutralizing activity and the potential therapeutic use of antibody fragments for RABV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yumoto
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (K.Y.); (T.A.); (K.A.); (T.O.)
| | - Tomoaki Arisaka
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (K.Y.); (T.A.); (K.A.); (T.O.)
| | - Kazuma Okada
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (K.O.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (N.I.)
| | - Kyosuke Aoki
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (K.Y.); (T.A.); (K.A.); (T.O.)
| | - Toyoyuki Ose
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (K.Y.); (T.A.); (K.A.); (T.O.)
| | - Tatsunori Masatani
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (K.O.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (N.I.)
| | - Makoto Sugiyama
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (K.O.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (N.I.)
| | - Naoto Ito
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (K.O.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (N.I.)
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan;
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (K.Y.); (T.A.); (K.A.); (T.O.)
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan;
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Correspondence:
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24
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Sun D, Hsu A, Quiroz J, He X, Whiteman MC, Gurney KB, Dellatore S. Development and comparison of three cell-based potency assays for anti-respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody. Biologicals 2021; 74:1-9. [PMID: 34716091 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies to confer passive immunity against viral diseases. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis, lower respiratory tract infections, and hospitalization in infants. Currently, there is no RSV vaccine but a humanized mAb available for high risk infants. MK-1654 is a fully human mAb with YTE mutation in the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region to extend the half-life in circulation. It binds to a highly conserved epitope of RSV Fusion protein with high affinity and neutralizes RSV infection. A functional cell-based assay is a regulatory requirement for clinical development, commercial release, and stability testing of MK-1654. In this study, we have evaluated three RSV neutralization assays to test the potency of MK-1654, including an imaging-based virus reduction neutralization test (VRNT) and two reporter virus-based assays (RSV-GFP and RSV-NLucP). All three methods showed good dose response curves of MK-1654 with similar EC50 values. RSV-NLucP method was chosen for further development because it is simple and can be easily adapted to quality control testing laboratories. After optimization, the RSV-NLucP assay was pre-qualified with good linearity, relative accuracy, intermediate precision, and specificity, therefore suitable for a cell-based potency assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyun Sun
- Analytical Research & Development (AR&D), MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
| | - Amy Hsu
- Analytical Research & Development (AR&D), MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Jorge Quiroz
- Research Chemistry Manufacturing & Controls Statistics, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Xi He
- Infectious Disease and Vaccines, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Melissa C Whiteman
- Analytical Research & Development (AR&D), MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Kevin B Gurney
- Analytical Research & Development (AR&D), MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Shara Dellatore
- Analytical Research & Development (AR&D), MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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25
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Schaefer A, Lai SK. The biophysical principles underpinning muco-trapping functions of antibodies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 18:1939605. [PMID: 34314289 PMCID: PMC9116395 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1939605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the classical immunological functions such as neutralization, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and complement activation, IgG antibodies possess a little-recognized and under-utilized effector function at mucosal surfaces: trapping pathogens in mucus. IgG can potently immobilize pathogens that otherwise readily diffuse or actively swim through mucus by forming multiple low-affinity bonds between the array of pathogen-bound antibodies and the mucin mesh. Trapping in mucus can exclude pathogens from contacting target cells, and facilitate their rapid elimination by natural mucus clearance mechanisms. Despite the fact that most infections are transmitted at mucosal surfaces, this muco-trapping effector function has only been revealed within the past decade, with the evidence to date suggesting that it is a universal effector function of IgG-Fc capable of immobilizing both viral and highly motile bacterial pathogens in all major mucosal secretions. This review provides an overview of the current evidence for Fc-mucin crosslinking as an effector function for antibodies in mucus, the mechanism by which the accumulation of weak Fc-mucin bonds by IgG bound to the surface of a pathogen can result in immobilization of antibody-pathogen complexes, and how trapping in mucus can contribute to protection against foreign pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Schaefer
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samuel K Lai
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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26
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Sokullu E, Gauthier MS, Coulombe B. Discovery of Antivirals Using Phage Display. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061120. [PMID: 34200959 PMCID: PMC8230593 DOI: 10.3390/v13061120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The latest coronavirus disease outbreak, COVID-19, has brought attention to viral infections which have posed serious health threats to humankind throughout history. The rapid global spread of COVID-19 is attributed to the increased human mobility of today's world, yet the threat of viral infections to global public health is expected to increase continuously in part due to increasing human-animal interface. Development of antiviral agents is crucial to combat both existing and novel viral infections. Recently, there is a growing interest in peptide/protein-based drug molecules. Antibodies are becoming especially predominant in the drug market. Indeed, in a remarkably short period, four antibody therapeutics were authorized for emergency use in COVID-19 treatment in the US, Russia, and India as of November 2020. Phage display has been one of the most widely used screening methods for peptide/antibody drug discovery. Several phage display-derived biologics are already in the market, and the expiration of intellectual property rights of phage-display antibody discovery platforms suggests an increment in antibody drugs in the near future. This review summarizes the most common phage display libraries used in antiviral discovery, highlights the approaches employed to enhance the antiviral potency of selected peptides/antibody fragments, and finally provides a discussion about the present status of the developed antivirals in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Sokullu
- Department of Translational Proteomics, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (B.C.)
| | - Marie-Soleil Gauthier
- Department of Translational Proteomics, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada;
| | - Benoit Coulombe
- Department of Translational Proteomics, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (B.C.)
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27
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F Nahhas A, F Nahhas A, J Webster T. Nanoscale pathogens treated with nanomaterial-like peptides: a platform technology appropriate for future pandemics. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1237-1254. [PMID: 33988037 PMCID: PMC8120868 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are historically very difficult to treat. Although imperfect and time-consuming to develop, we do have some conventional vaccine and therapeutic approaches to stop viral spreading. Most importantly, all of this takes significant time while viruses continue to wreak havoc on our healthcare system. Furthermore, viral infections are accompanied by a weakened immune system which is often overlooked in antiviral drug strategies and requires additional drug development. In this review, for the first time, we touch on some promising alternative approaches to treat viral infections, specifically those focused on the use of platform nanomaterials with antiviral peptides. In doing so, this review presents a timely discussion of how we need to change our old way of treating viruses into one that can quickly meet the demands of COVID-19, as well as future pandemic-causing viruses, which will come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa F Nahhas
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA
| | - Alrayan F Nahhas
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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28
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Tung Yep A, Takeuchi Y, Engelhardt OG, Hufton SE. Broad Reactivity Single Domain Antibodies against Influenza Virus and Their Applications to Vaccine Potency Testing and Immunotherapy. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030407. [PMID: 33802072 PMCID: PMC8001348 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The antigenic variability of influenza presents many challenges to the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutics. However, it is apparent that there are epitopes on the virus that have evolved to remain largely constant due to their functional importance. These more conserved regions are often hidden and difficult to access by the human immune system but recent efforts have shown that these may be the Achilles heel of the virus through development and delivery of appropriate biological drugs. Amongst these, single domain antibodies (sdAbs) are equipped to target these vulnerabilities of the influenza virus due to their preference for concave epitopes on protein surfaces, their small size, flexible reformatting and high stability. Single domain antibodies are well placed to provide a new generation of robust analytical reagents and therapeutics to support the constant efforts to keep influenza in check.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tung Yep
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK;
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Yasu Takeuchi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
- Advanced Therapies Division, NIBSC, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | | | - Simon E. Hufton
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK;
- Correspondence:
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29
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Turman JM, Cheplowitz AM, Tiwari C, Thomas T, Joshi D, Bhat M, Wu Q, Pong E, Chu SY, Szymkowski DE, Sharma A, Seveau S, Robinson JM, Kwiek JJ, Burton D, Rajaram MVS, Kim J, Hangartner L, Ganesan LP. Accelerated Clearance and Degradation of Cell-Free HIV by Neutralizing Antibodies Occurs via FcγRIIb on Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells by Endocytosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1284-1296. [PMID: 33568400 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neutralizing Abs suppress HIV infection by accelerating viral clearance from blood circulation in addition to neutralization. The elimination mechanism is largely unknown. We determined that human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) express FcγRIIb as the lone Fcγ receptor, and using humanized FcγRIIb mouse, we found that Ab-opsonized HIV pseudoviruses were cleared considerably faster from circulation than HIV by LSEC FcγRIIb. Compared with humanized FcγRIIb-expressing mice, HIV clearance was significantly slower in FcγRIIb knockout mice. Interestingly, a pentamix of neutralizing Abs cleared HIV faster compared with hyperimmune anti-HIV Ig (HIVIG), although the HIV Ab/Ag ratio was higher in immune complexes made of HIVIG and HIV than pentamix and HIV. The effector mechanism of LSEC FcγRIIb was identified to be endocytosis. Once endocytosed, both Ab-opsonized HIV pseudoviruses and HIV localized to lysosomes. This suggests that clearance of HIV, endocytosis, and lysosomal trafficking within LSEC occur sequentially and that the clearance rate may influence downstream events. Most importantly, we have identified LSEC FcγRIIb-mediated endocytosis to be the Fc effector mechanism to eliminate cell-free HIV by Abs, which could inform development of HIV vaccine and Ab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Turman
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Alana M Cheplowitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Charu Tiwari
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Thushara Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Dhruvi Joshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Menakshi Bhat
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | | | | | | | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Stephanie Seveau
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - John M Robinson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jesse J Kwiek
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Dennis Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Murugesan V S Rajaram
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jonghan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Lars Hangartner
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Latha P Ganesan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;
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30
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An update to monoclonal antibody as therapeutic option against COVID-19. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2021; 3:87-91. [PMID: 33585808 PMCID: PMC7872849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With the number of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases soaring worldwide and limited vaccine availability for the general population in most countries, the monoclonal antibody (mAb) remains a viable therapeutic option to treat COVID-19 disease and its complications, especially in the elderly individuals. More than 50 monoclonal antibody-related clinical trials are being conducted in different countries around the world, with few of them nearing the completion of the third and fourth phase clinical trial. In view of recent emergency use authorization (EUA) from the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) of casirivimab and imdevimab, it is of importance that mAbs, already used to treat diseases such as Ebola and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, are discussed in scientific communities. This brief review discusses the mechanism of action and updates to clinical trials of different monoclonal antibodies used to treat COVID-19, with special attention paid to SARS-CoV-2 immune response in host cells, target viral structures, and justification of developing mAbs following the approval and administration of potential effective vaccine among vulnerable populations in different countries.
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31
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Naranjo-Gomez M, Cahen M, Lambour J, Boyer-Clavel M, Pelegrin M. Immunomodulatory Role of NK Cells during Antiviral Antibody Therapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:137. [PMID: 33567792 PMCID: PMC7914599 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are now considered as a therapeutic approach to prevent and treat severe viral infections. Using a mouse retroviral model, we showed that mAbs induce protective immunity (vaccinal effects). Here, we investigated the role of natural killer (NK) cells on this effect. NK cells are effector cells that are crucial to control viral propagation upon mAb treatment. However, their immunomodulatory activity during antiviral mAb immunotherapies has been little studied. Our data reveal that the mAb treatment of infected mice preserves the functional activation of NK cells. Importantly, functional NK cells play an essential role in preventing immune dysfunction and inducing antiviral protective immunity upon mAb therapy. Thus, NK cell depletion in mAb-treated, viral-infected mice leads to the upregulation of molecules involved in immunosuppressive pathways (i.e., PD-1, PD-L1 and CD39) on dendritic cells and T cells. NK cell depletion also abrogates the vaccinal effects induced by mAb therapy. Our data also reveal a role for IFNγ-producing NK cells in the enhancement of the B-cell responses through the potentiation of the B-cell helper properties of neutrophils. These findings suggest that preserved NK cell functions and counts might be required for achieving mAb-induced protective immunity. They open new prospects for improving antiviral immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Naranjo-Gomez
- IGMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.N.-G.); (M.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Marine Cahen
- IGMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.N.-G.); (M.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Jennifer Lambour
- IGMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.N.-G.); (M.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Myriam Boyer-Clavel
- Montpellier Ressources Imagerie, Biocampus, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France;
| | - Mireia Pelegrin
- IGMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; (M.N.-G.); (M.C.); (J.L.)
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32
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Gaiotto T, Ramage W, Ball C, Risley P, Carnell GW, Temperton N, Engelhardt OG, Hufton SE. Nanobodies mapped to cross-reactive and divergent epitopes on A(H7N9) influenza hemagglutinin using yeast display. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3126. [PMID: 33542302 PMCID: PMC7862619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza H7N9 virus continues to cause infections in humans and represents a significant pandemic risk. During the most recent 5th epidemic wave in 2016/17 two distinct lineages with increased human infections and wider geographical spread emerged. In preparation for any future adaptations, broadly reactive antibodies against H7N9 are required for surveillance, therapy and prophylaxis. In this study we have isolated a panel of nanobodies (Nbs) with broad reactivity across H7 influenza strains, including H7N9 strains between 2013 and 2017. We also describe Nbs capable of distinguishing between the most recent high and low pathogenicity Yangtze River Delta lineage H7N9 strains. Nanobodies were classified into 5 distinct groups based on their epitope footprint determined using yeast display and mutational scanning. The epitope footprint of Nbs capable of distinguishing high pathogenic (HP) A/Guangdong/17SF003/2016 from low pathogenic (LP) A/Hong Kong/125/2017 (H7N9) were correlated to natural sequence divergence in the head domain at lysine 164. Several Nbs binding to the head domain were capable of viral neutralisation. The potency of one nanobody NB7-14 could be increased over 1000-fold to 113 pM by linking two Nbs together. Nbs specific for distinct epitopes on H7N9 may be useful for surveillance or therapy in human or veterinary settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Gaiotto
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a Centre of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Walter Ramage
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a Centre of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Christina Ball
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a Centre of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Paul Risley
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a Centre of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - George W Carnell
- Infectious Diseases and Allergy Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.,Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Infectious Diseases and Allergy Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Othmar G Engelhardt
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a Centre of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Simon E Hufton
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a Centre of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, EN6 3QG, UK.
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Ali MG, Zhang Z, Gao Q, Pan M, Rowan EG, Zhang J. Recent advances in therapeutic applications of neutralizing antibodies for virus infections: an overview. Immunol Res 2020; 68:325-339. [PMID: 33161557 PMCID: PMC7648849 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-020-09159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are considered as an excellent foundation to neutralize pathogens and as highly specific therapeutic agents. Antibodies are generated in response to a vaccine but little use as immunotherapy to combat virus infections. A new generation of broadly cross-reactive and highly potent antibodies has led to a unique chance for them to be used as a medical intervention. Neutralizing antibodies (monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies) are desirable for pharmaceutical products because of their ability to target specific epitopes with their variable domains by precise neutralization mechanisms. The isolation of neutralizing antiviral antibodies has been achieved by Phage displayed antibody libraries, transgenic mice, B cell approaches, and hybridoma technology. Antibody engineering technologies have led to efficacy improvements, to further boost antibody in vivo activities. "Although neutralizing antiviral antibodies have some limitations that hinder their full development as therapeutic agents, the potential for prevention and treatment of infections, including a range of viruses (HIV, Ebola, MERS-COV, CHIKV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV2), are being actively pursued in human clinical trials."
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasik Gumah Ali
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhening Zhang
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingzhu Pan
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Edward G Rowan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Juan Zhang
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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34
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Tabish TA, Hamblin MR. Multivalent nanomedicines to treat COVID-19: A slow train coming. NANO TODAY 2020; 35:100962. [PMID: 32922510 PMCID: PMC7473256 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2020.100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The high transmission rate and serious consequences of the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic make it challenging and urgent to identify viral pathogens and understand their intrinsic resistance mechanisms, to pave the way for new approaches to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Multivalent interactions are responsible for performing a broad range of biological functions in normal cells, such as cell-cell communication and adhesion. Multivalency underlies the reversibility of ligand-receptor interactions during infections. Previous studies into multivalent nanomedicines used against viruses, have revealed their ability, not only to probe the molecular processes of viral infections, but also to target pathogen-host cell binding with minimal collateral damage to normal cells. Nanomedicines are comparable in size to viruses and to cell receptor complexes (that mediate viral uptake), and can function as safe and accurate armoured vehicles to facilitate the transport of anti-viral drugs. Multivalent nanomedicines can be designed to avoid binding to extracellular serum proteins, and ultimately lead to destruction of the viruses. This brief perspective highlights the potential of innovative smart and safe multivalent nanomedicines that could target multiple viral factors involved in infections at cellular levels. For instance it is possible to target viral spike protein mediated entry pathways, as well as viral replication and cell lysis. Nanomedicine-based approaches could open new opportunities for anti-coronavirus therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer A Tabish
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
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35
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Barbuddhe SB, Rawool DB, Gaonkar PP, Vergis J, Dhama K, Malik SS. Global scenario, public health concerns and mitigation strategies to counter current ongoing SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 pandemic. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:3023-3033. [PMID: 33121328 PMCID: PMC7605515 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1810496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus- 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has posed a great public health threat to the global community as a pandemic. The origin of the virus has been linked to animals, through a yet-to-be-identified intermediate host. The disease is transmitted to humans mainly through inhalation or contact with infected droplets. The variable clinical presentation of COVID-19 includes fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue and malaise; however, cutaneous, ocular, neurological, and gastrointestinal manifestations have also been reported. There is an urgent need to strengthen One Health surveillance, intervention, and management strategies to understand the ecology of coronaviruses and to prevent epidemics in the future. Global attention toward the development of treatments, immunotherapies, vaccines, and control options to combat the COVID-19 pandemic has been on an increasing trend. Here, we review the current epidemiological status, public health concerns, and mitigation strategies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jess Vergis
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Wayanad, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Satyaveer Singh Malik
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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36
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Lai JY, Lim TS. Infectious disease antibodies for biomedical applications: A mini review of immune antibody phage library repertoire. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:640-648. [PMID: 32650013 PMCID: PMC7340592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibody phage display is regarded as a critical tool for the development of monoclonal antibodies for infectious diseases. The different classes of antibody libraries are classified based on the source of repertoire used to generate the libraries. Immune antibody libraries are generated from disease infected host or immunization against an infectious agent. Antibodies derived from immune libraries are distinct from those derived from naïve libraries as the host's in vivo immune mechanisms shape the antibody repertoire to yield high affinity antibodies. As the immune system is constantly evolving in accordance to the health state of an individual, immune libraries can offer more than just infection-specific antibodies but also antibodies derived from the memory B-cells much like naïve libraries. The combinatorial nature of the gene cloning process would give rise to a combination of natural and un-natural antibody gene pairings in the immune library. These factors have a profound impact on the coverage of immune antibody libraries to target both disease-specific and non-disease specific antigens. This review looks at the diverse nature of antibody responses for immune library generation and discusses the extended potential of a disease-specified immune library in the context of phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi Lai
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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Gonçalves BC, Lopes Barbosa MG, Silva Olak AP, Belebecha Terezo N, Nishi L, Watanabe MA, Marinello P, Zendrini Rechenchoski D, Dejato Rocha SP, Faccin-Galhardi LC. Antiviral therapies: advances and perspectives. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:305-320. [PMID: 33011993 PMCID: PMC7675511 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections cause high morbidity and mortality, threaten public health, and impose a socioeconomic burden. We have seen the recent emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2), the causative agent of COVID‐19 that has already infected more than 29 million people, with more than 900 000 deaths since its identification in December 2019. Considering the significant impact of viral infections, research and development of new antivirals and control strategies are essential. In this paper, we summarize 96 antivirals approved by the Food and Drug Administration between 1987 and 2019. Of these, 49 (51%) are used in treatments against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), four against human papillomavirus, six against cytomegalovirus, eight against hepatitis B virus, five against influenza, six against herpes simplex virus, 17 against hepatitis C virus and one against respiratory syncytial virus. This review also describes future perspectives for new antiviral therapies such as nanotechnologies, monoclonal antibodies and the CRISPR‐Cas system. These strategies are suggested as inhibitors of viral replication by various means, such as direct binding to the viral particle, blocking the infection, changes in intracellular mechanisms or viral genes, preventing replication and virion formation. We also observed that a large number of viral agents have no therapy available and the majority of those approved in the last 32 years are restricted to some groups, especially anti‐HIV. Additionally, the emergence of new viruses and strains resistant to available antivirals has necessitated the formulation of new antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Carolina Gonçalves
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Mário Gabriel Lopes Barbosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Anna Paula Silva Olak
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Natalia Belebecha Terezo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Leticia Nishi
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Angélica Watanabe
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Poliana Marinello
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Daniele Zendrini Rechenchoski
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Sergio Paulo Dejato Rocha
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Lígia Carla Faccin-Galhardi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Brazil
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38
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SHEIKHSHAHROKH A, RANJBAR R, SAEIDI E, SAFARPOOR DEHKORDI F, HEIAT M, GHASEMI-DEHKORDI P, GOODARZI H. Frontier Therapeutics and Vaccine Strategies for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): A Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 49:18-29. [PMID: 34268202 PMCID: PMC8266011 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v49is1.3666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is considered as the third human coronavirus and has a high potential for transmission. Fast public health interventions through antibodies, anti-virals or novel vaccine strategies to control the virus and disease transmission have been extremely followed. SARS-CoV-2 shares about 79% genomic similarity with SARS-CoV and approximately 50% with MERS-CoV. Based on these similarities, prior knowledge in treating SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV can be used as the basis of majority of the alternatives for controlling SARS-CoV-2. Immunotherapy is an effective strategy for clinical treatment of infectious diseases such as SARS-CoV-2. Passive antibody therapy, which decreases the virus replication and disease severity, is assessed as an effective therapeutic approach to control SARS-CoV-2 epidemics. The close similarity between SARS-CoV-2 genome with the SARS-CoV genome caused both coronaviruses to bind to the same angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors that found in the human lung. There are several strategies to develop SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, which the majority of them are based on those developed previously for SARS-CoV. The interaction between the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 on the host cell surface leads to the initiation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. S protein, which is the main inducer of neutralizing antibodies, has been targeted by most of these strategies. Vaccines that induce an immune response against the S protein to inhibit its binding with the host ACE2 receptor, can be considered as effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we aimed to review frontier therapeutics and vaccination strategies for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein SHEIKHSHAHROKH
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Reza RANJBAR
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz SAEIDI
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad HEIAT
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam GHASEMI-DEHKORDI
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hamed GOODARZI
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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39
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Santos IDA, Grosche VR, Bergamini FRG, Sabino-Silva R, Jardim ACG. Antivirals Against Coronaviruses: Candidate Drugs for SARS-CoV-2 Treatment? Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1818. [PMID: 32903349 PMCID: PMC7438404 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of viruses from the family Coronaviridae that can infect humans and animals, causing mild to severe diseases. The ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents a global threat, urging the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here we present a selection of relevant compounds that have been described from 2005 until now as having in vitro and/or in vivo antiviral activities against human and/or animal CoVs. We also present compounds that have reached clinical trials as well as further discussing the potentiality of other molecules for application in (re)emergent CoVs outbreaks. Finally, through rationalization of the data presented herein, we wish to encourage further research encompassing these compounds as potential SARS-CoV-2 drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor de Andrade Santos
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Victória Riquena Grosche
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, Language and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, Language and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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40
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Keam S, Megawati D, Patel SK, Tiwari R, Dhama K, Harapan H. Immunopathology and immunotherapeutic strategies in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Rev Med Virol 2020; 30:e2123. [PMID: 32648313 PMCID: PMC7404843 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a major concern globally. As of 14 April 2020, more than 1.9 million COVID-19 cases have been reported in 185 countries. Some patients with COVID-19 develop severe clinical manifestations, while others show mild symptoms, suggesting that dysregulation of the host immune response contributes to disease progression and severity. In this review, we have summarized and discussed recent immunological studies focusing on the response of the host immune system and the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as immunotherapeutic strategies for COVID-19. Immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2, functional exhaustion of lymphocytes, and cytokine storm have been discussed as part of immunopathology mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some potential immunotherapeutic strategies to control the progression of COVID-19, such as passive antibody therapy and use of interferon αβ and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) inhibitor, have also been discussed. This may help us to understand the immune status of patients with COVID-19, particularly those with severe clinical presentation, and form a basis for further immunotherapeutic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synat Keam
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Dewi Megawati
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Warmadewa University, Denpasar, Indonesia.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.,Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Zhou B, Xia L, Zhang T, You M, Huang Y, He M, Su R, Tang J, Zhang J, Li S, An Z, Yuan Q, Luo W, Xia N. Structure guided maturation of a novel humanized anti-HBV antibody and its preclinical development. Antiviral Res 2020; 180:104757. [PMID: 32171857 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that E6F6, a mouse monoclonal antibody, is a promising treatment option for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). A humanized E6F6 antibody B11 with affinity loss was obtained by CDR-grafting approach. To address this issue, in silico affinity maturation through scanning mutagenesis using CHARMM force field methods was performed on an predicted immune complex model of the B11:HBsAg. We chose four variants with top increased interaction energy for further characterization. The antibody huE6F6-1 within two point mutations (Heavy Chain: Asp65Val; His66Leu) was identified to restore the parental antibody's high binding affinity, neutralization activity, and potent efficacy of viral suppression in vivo. Crystal structure (1.8 Å resolution) based molecular docking proved more stabilized and compact hydrogen bond interactions formed in huE6F6-1.The smaller and dispersed HBV immune complexes of huE6F6-1 by electron microscopy suggested it will have the same therapeutic efficacy as the parental E6F6 mAb. Preclinical study and pharmacokinetics of huE6F6-1 demonstrated that it is a stable and desirable lead candidate to improve the clinical management of CHB. Notably, our structure guided approach may facilitate the humanization and affinity maturation of other rodent antibody candidates during drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, Xiamen University; Xiamen, 361105, China; The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, South University of Science and Technology, 29 Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Lin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, Xiamen University; Xiamen, 361105, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, China
| | - Tianying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, Xiamen University; Xiamen, 361105, China
| | - Min You
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, Xiamen University; Xiamen, 361105, China
| | - Yang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, Xiamen University; Xiamen, 361105, China
| | - Maozhou He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, Xiamen University; Xiamen, 361105, China
| | - Ruopeng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, Xiamen University; Xiamen, 361105, China
| | - Jixian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, Xiamen University; Xiamen, 361105, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, Xiamen University; Xiamen, 361105, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, Xiamen University; Xiamen, 361105, China
| | - Zhiqiang An
- The Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, Xiamen University; Xiamen, 361105, China.
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, Xiamen University; Xiamen, 361105, China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, Xiamen University; Xiamen, 361105, China
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He B, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Tang Z, Liu C, Zheng Z, Li S, Zhang J, Xia N, Zhao Q. Functional epitopes on hepatitis E virions and recombinant capsids are highly conformation-dependent. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:1554-1564. [PMID: 31995442 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1703454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is responsible for epidemic and sporadic acute hepatitis cases, especially in developing countries. Hepatitis E has become a vaccine-preventable disease in recent years with the development of a licensed vaccine. Most functional and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are known to be highly sensitive to antigen conformation. In this study, a similar approach was used to characterize the conformational sensitivity of antibodies in human or mouse serum samples. Interestingly, comparative binding analysis using different antigen forms showed that the antibodies in the sera of naturally infected individuals, of human vaccinees and from mice immunized with the HEV p239 vaccine all exhibited a strong preference to particulate antigens over the monomeric form of the truncated capsid protein. The degree of discriminating the two test antigens is similar for serum samples to that for the well-characterized murine mAbs. A functional assay for assessing the inhibition of subviral particle cell entry by antibodies was used to determine the functional titers of anti-HEV antibodies in mouse sera. A good correlation was observed between the functional and binding titers in mouse sera determined using two different methods. This result supports the continued use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as the primary serological assay assuming that the coating antigen contains conformational and native-like epitopes, as in the case for HEV p239.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zimin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Life Science, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zizheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Shaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.,School of Life Science, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.,School of Life Science, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Qinjian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
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Lu RM, Hwang YC, Liu IJ, Lee CC, Tsai HZ, Li HJ, Wu HC. Development of therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of diseases. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:1. [PMID: 31894001 PMCID: PMC6939334 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1066] [Impact Index Per Article: 266.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been more than three decades since the first monoclonal antibody was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) in 1986, and during this time, antibody engineering has dramatically evolved. Current antibody drugs have increasingly fewer adverse effects due to their high specificity. As a result, therapeutic antibodies have become the predominant class of new drugs developed in recent years. Over the past five years, antibodies have become the best-selling drugs in the pharmaceutical market, and in 2018, eight of the top ten bestselling drugs worldwide were biologics. The global therapeutic monoclonal antibody market was valued at approximately US$115.2 billion in 2018 and is expected to generate revenue of $150 billion by the end of 2019 and $300 billion by 2025. Thus, the market for therapeutic antibody drugs has experienced explosive growth as new drugs have been approved for treating various human diseases, including many cancers, autoimmune, metabolic and infectious diseases. As of December 2019, 79 therapeutic mAbs have been approved by the US FDA, but there is still significant growth potential. This review summarizes the latest market trends and outlines the preeminent antibody engineering technologies used in the development of therapeutic antibody drugs, such as humanization of monoclonal antibodies, phage display, the human antibody mouse, single B cell antibody technology, and affinity maturation. Finally, future applications and perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Min Lu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chyi Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Liu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chiu Lee
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Han-Zen Tsai
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Jung Li
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,, 128 Academia Rd., Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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Abstract
During pathogenic invasion, neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are involved in regulating immune clearance and evoking the host-protective response. We previously reported a highly potent nAb 8C11 against HEV, an RNA virus with an icosahedral capsid and associated with abundant acute hepatitis. Structural analysis demonstrates that the binding of 8C11 to HEV VLPs would result in tremendous spatial clashing with the capsid. Cryo-EM analysis showed that 8C11 binding leads to complete disorder of the outer rim of the VLP at earlier stages (∼15 min) and causes the dissociation of HEV VLPs into homodimer species within 2 h. Similar 8C11-mediated dissociation was observed for the native HEV virion. Our results categorize a viral neutralization mechanism and suggest a strategy to generate 8C11-like antibodies. In adaptive immunity, organisms produce neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) to eliminate invading pathogens. Here, we explored whether viral neutralization could be attained through the physical disruption of a virus upon nAb binding. We report the neutralization mechanism of a potent nAb 8C11 against the hepatitis E virus (HEV), a nonenveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus associated with abundant acute hepatitis. The 8C11 binding flanks the protrusion spike of the HEV viruslike particles (VLPs) and leads to tremendous physical collision between the antibody and the capsid, dissociating the VLPs into homodimer species within 2 h. Cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of the dissociation intermediates at an earlier (15-min) stage revealed smeared protrusion spikes and a loss of icosahedral symmetry with the capsid core remaining unchanged. This structural disruption leads to the presence of only a few native HEV virions in the ultracentrifugation pellet and exposes the viral genome. Conceptually, we propose a strategy to raise collision-inducing nAbs against single spike moieties that feature in the context of the entire pathogen at positions where the neighboring space cannot afford to accommodate an antibody. This rationale may facilitate unique vaccine development and antimicrobial antibody design.
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Poursiami M, Moazen S, Nejatollahi F, Moatari A. Isolation of Neutralizing Human Single Chain Antibodies Against Conserved Hemagglutinin Epitopes of Influenza a Virus H3N2 Strain. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 8:301-309. [PMID: 32274402 PMCID: PMC7103075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapies using monoclonal antibodies against influenza A hemagglutinin (HA) has been an effective means for controlling Influenza spread. An alternative method for viral prophylaxis and treatment is the development of human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies with no human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) response and high specificity. In the present study, two highly conserved sequences of HA were used to select specific neutralizing scFvs against H3N2 strain of influenza A virus. METHODS Biopanning process was performed to isolate specific scFv antibodies against highly conserved HA sequences, aa173-181 and 227-239, of the influenza A H3N2 strain from a scFv library. The peptide-binding specificity of the selected clones was examined via phage ELISA. The soluble forms of the clones were prepared and assessed using western blot analysis and neutralization efficiency of the selected clones were examined by TCID50 neutralizing assay and real-time PCR. RESULTS scFv 1 and scFv 2 were selected against HA of H3N2 influenza A virus with frequencies of 95% and 30% in the panning process, respectively. Western blot analysis confirmed the scFv band size. Significant neutralization in the presence of scFv 1 and scFv 2 were obtained. Real time PCR revealed significant decrease in viral copy number. CONCLUSION Two specific neutralizing scFvs against two highly conserved neutralizing epitopes of the influenza A virus HA glycoprotein were selected. A strong neutralization effect of scFv1, showed the potential of this antibody for H3N2 influenza A controlling in the viral spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Poursiami
- Recombinant Antibody Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Setareh Moazen
- Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Foroogh Nejatollahi
- Recombinant Antibody Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Afagh Moatari
- Department of Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Xu F, Newby JM, Schiller JL, Schroeder HA, Wessler T, Chen A, Forest MG, Lai SK. Modeling Barrier Properties of Intestinal Mucus Reinforced with IgG and Secretory IgA against Motile Bacteria. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1570-1580. [PMID: 31268295 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is lined with a layer of viscoelastic mucus gel, characterized by a dense network of entangled and cross-linked mucins together with an abundance of antibodies (Ab). Secretory IgA (sIgA), the predominant Ab isotype in the GI tract, is a dimeric molecule with 4 antigen-binding domains capable of inducing efficient clumping of bacteria, or agglutination. IgG, another common Ab at mucosal surfaces, can cross-link individual viruses to the mucin mesh through multiple weak bonds between IgG-Fc and mucins, a process termed muco-trapping. Relative contributions by agglutination versus muco-trapping in blocking permeation of motile bacteria through mucus remain poorly understood. Here, we developed a mathematical model that takes into account physiologically relevant spatial dimensions and time scales, binding and unbinding rates between Ab and bacteria as well as between Ab and mucins, the diffusivities of Ab, and run-tumble motion of active bacteria. Our model predicts both sIgA and IgG can accumulate on the surface of individual bacteria at sufficient quantities and rates to enable trapping individual bacteria in mucins before they penetrate the mucus layer. Furthermore, our model predicts that agglutination only modestly improves the ability for antibodies to block bacteria permeation through mucus. These results suggest that while sIgA is the most potent Ab isotype overall at stopping bacterial penetration, IgG may represent a practical alternative for mucosal prophylaxis and therapy. Our work improves the mechanistic understanding of Ab-enhanced barrier properties of mucus and highlights the ability for muco-trapping Ab to protect against motile pathogens at mucosal surfaces.
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Zhang YL, Gao Y, Cao JL, Zhao JH, Zhang TY, Yang CL, Xiong HL, Wang YB, Ou SH, Cheng T, Chen CR, Yuan Q, Xia NS. Robust in vitro assay for analyzing the neutralization activity of serum specimens against hepatitis B virus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:724-733. [PMID: 31130075 PMCID: PMC6542156 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1619485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Anti-HBs is a well-known marker of protective capability against HBV. However, little is known about the association between the qAnti-HBs determined by immunoassays and the neutralization activity (NAT) derived from functional assays. We developed an in vitro assay for direct measurement of the NAT of human sera. The new assay was highly sensitive, with an analytical sensitivity of 9.6 ± 1.3 mIU/mL for the HBIG standard. For serum detection, the maximum fold dilution required to produce ≥50% inhibition (MDF50) of HBV infection was used as the quantitative index. In vitro NAT evaluations were conducted for a cohort of 164 HBV-free healthy individuals. The results demonstrated that the NAT positively correlated with the qAnti-HBs (R2 = 0.473, p < 0.001). ROC analysis indicated that the optimal cutoff value of the qAnti-HBs to discriminate significant NAT (MDF50 ≥ 8) was 62.9 mIU/mL, with an AUROC of 0.920. Additionally, we found that the qAnti-HBc was another independent parameter positively associated with the NAT (R2 = 0.300, p < 0.001), which suggested that antibodies against other HBV proteins generated by previous HBV exposure possibly also contribute to the NAT. In summary, the new cell-based assay provides a robust tool to analyse the anti-HBV NAT. Abbreviations: HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; Anti-HBs: Hepatitis B surface antibody; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen; Anti-HBc: Hepatitis B core antibody; qAnti-HBs: quantitative hepatitis B surface antibody; qAnti-HBc: quantitative hepatitis B core antibody; qHBeAg: quantitative hepatitis B e antigen; NAT: neutralization activity; HBIG: hepatitis B immune globulin; NTCP: Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide; IRES: internal ribosome entry site; ccHBV: cell culture derived hepatitis B virus; GE/cell: genome equivalent per cell; MOI: multiplicity of infection; Dpi: day post infection; HepG2-TetOn: a HepG2-derived cell line that expresses the doxycycline-regulated transactivator; ROC: receiver operating characteristic curve; AUROC: area under receiver operating characteristic curve; LLOQ: the lower limits of quantification; MDF50: the maximum fold dilution required to produce ≥50% inhibition; IC50: half maximal inhibitory concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics , School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China.,b School of Life Science , National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Gao
- a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics , School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China.,d Hainan Health Disseminate Centre , Haikou , People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Li Cao
- a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics , School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China.,b School of Life Science , National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Hua Zhao
- b School of Life Science , National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China.,e Natural Medicine Institute of Zhejiang Yangshengtang , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Ying Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics , School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China.,b School of Life Science , National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Lai Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics , School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China.,b School of Life Science , National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Long Xiong
- a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics , School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China.,b School of Life Science , National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Bin Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics , School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China.,b School of Life Science , National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Hai Ou
- c Xiamen Blood Service , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Cheng
- a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics , School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China.,b School of Life Science , National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Rong Chen
- f Xiamen Haicang Hospital , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Yuan
- a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics , School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China.,b School of Life Science , National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
| | - Ning-Shao Xia
- a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics , School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China.,b School of Life Science , National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
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Hu D, Zhu Z, Li S, Deng Y, Wu Y, Zhang N, Puri V, Wang C, Zou P, Lei C, Tian X, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Li W, Prabakaran P, Feng Y, Cardosa J, Qin C, Zhou X, Dimitrov DS, Ying T. A broadly neutralizing germline-like human monoclonal antibody against dengue virus envelope domain III. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007836. [PMID: 31242272 PMCID: PMC6615639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is the most widespread vector-borne viral disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) for which there are no safe, effective drugs approved for clinical use. Here, by using sequential antigen panning of a yeast antibody library derived from healthy donors against the DENV envelop protein domain III (DIII) combined with depletion by an entry defective DIII mutant, we identified a cross-reactive human monoclonal antibody (mAb), m366.6, which bound with high affinity to DENV DIII from all four DENV serotypes. Immunogenetic analysis indicated that m366.6 is a germline-like mAb with very few somatic mutations from the closest VH and Vλ germline genes. Importantly, we demonstrated that it potently neutralized DENV both in vitro and in the mouse models of DENV infection without detectable antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect. The epitope of m366.6 was mapped to the highly conserved regions on DIII, which may guide the design of effective dengue vaccine immunogens. Furthermore, as the first germline-like mAb derived from a naïve antibody library that could neutralize all four DENV serotypes, the m366.6 can be a tool for exploring mechanisms of DENV infection, and is a promising therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhu
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shun Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Vinita Puri
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chunyu Wang
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Lei
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Tian
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulu Wang
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wei Li
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ponraj Prabakaran
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yang Feng
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jane Cardosa
- Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Chengfeng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (DSD); (TY)
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XZ); (DSD); (TY)
| | - Tianlei Ying
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (DSD); (TY)
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Tick-borne encephalitis in Europe and Russia: Review of pathogenesis, clinical features, therapy, and vaccines. Antiviral Res 2019; 164:23-51. [PMID: 30710567 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an illness caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection which is often limited to a febrile illness, but may lead to very aggressive downstream neurological manifestations. The disease is prevalent in forested areas of Europe and northeastern Asia, and is typically caused by infection involving one of three TBEV subtypes, namely the European (TBEV-Eu), the Siberian (TBEV-Sib), or the Far Eastern (TBEV-FE) subtypes. In addition to the three main TBEV subtypes, two other subtypes; i.e., the Baikalian (TBEV-Bkl) and the Himalayan subtype (TBEV-Him), have been described recently. In Europe, TBEV-Eu infection usually results in only mild TBE associated with a mortality rate of <2%. TBEV-Sib infection also results in a generally mild TBE associated with a non-paralytic febrile form of encephalitis, although there is a tendency towards persistent TBE caused by chronic viral infection. TBE-FE infection is considered to induce the most severe forms of TBE. Importantly though, viral subtype is not the sole determinant of TBE severity; both mild and severe cases of TBE are in fact associated with infection by any of the subtypes. In keeping with this observation, the overall TBE mortality rate in Russia is ∼2%, in spite of the fact that TBEV-Sib and TBEV-FE subtypes appear to be inducers of more severe TBE than TBEV-Eu. On the other hand, TBEV-Sib and TBEV-FE subtype infections in Russia are associated with essentially unique forms of TBE rarely seen elsewhere if at all, such as the hemorrhagic and chronic (progressive) forms of the disease. For post-exposure prophylaxis and TBE treatment in Russia and Kazakhstan, a specific anti-TBEV immunoglobulin is currently used with well-documented efficacy, but the use of specific TBEV immunoglobulins has been discontinued in Europe due to concerns regarding antibody-enhanced disease in naïve individuals. Therefore, new treatments are essential. This review summarizes available data on the pathogenesis and clinical features of TBE, plus different vaccine preparations available in Europe and Russia. In addition, new treatment possibilities, including small molecule drugs and experimental immunotherapies are reviewed. The authors caution that their descriptions of approved or experimental therapies should not be considered to be recommendations for patient care.
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Li Y, Yu J, Qi X, Yan H. Monoclonal antibody against EV71 3D pol inhibits the polymerase activity of RdRp and virus replication. BMC Immunol 2019; 20:6. [PMID: 30669993 PMCID: PMC6343263 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-019-0288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterovirus A 71 (EV71) is a neurotropic virus that may lead to acute flaccid paralysis, encephalitis, cardiopulmonary failure or even death. No vaccine and defensive drug controlling EV71 is currently available, novel and efficient antiviral drug or vaccine is therefore urgently needed. 3Dpol (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)) has been an important target for anti-EV71 drug development. METHODS A panel of monoclonal IgG antibodies (mAbs) against EV71 3Dpol were generated by traditional cell fusion methods. And the antibody affinity and specificity to EV71 3Dpol were evaluated by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Indirect Fluorescent Assay (IFA) and Western blotting. Antiviral activities of these antibodies were also determined in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Two mAbs towards EV71 3Dpol were able to effectively suppress EV71 replication in Vero-1008 cell when intracellarly delivered. And they also dampened the RNA polymerase activity of 3Dpol in vitro. More importantly, these mAbs provided partial protection in EV71-challenged neonatal murine challenge model. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that two of mAbs against EV71 3Dpol inhibited EV71 replication and could be utilized as promising therapeutic drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoming Li
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Yu
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiuwen Qi
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huimin Yan
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
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