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Karimzadeh L, Behrouz V, Sohrab G, Razavion T, Haji-Maghsoudi S. The association between dietary nitrate, nitrite and total antioxidant capacity with cardiometabolic risk factors: a cross-sectional study among patients with type 2 diabetes. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:695-706. [PMID: 39192837 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2395817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a common, chronic, and complex disorder that leads to several disabilities and serious complications. Certain nutrients can be effective in the management of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of dietary nitrate, nitrite, dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC), and nitric oxide (NO) index on some cardiometabolic parameters in patients with diabetes. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 participants with type 2 diabetes. A validated, semi-quantitative, food frequency questionnaire was collected to evaluate dietary intakes. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters, including glycemic indices, lipid profile, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and serum NO were measured using standard methods. Higher intakes of nitrate and nitrite in our study were primarily attributed to drinking water, vegetables, grains (for nitrate), dairy products, and legumes (for nitrite) rather than higher meat intakes. After adjustment for total energy, MET, BMI, and age, higher intake of nitrate was related to lower HbA1C (p = 0.001) and hs-CRP (p = 0.0.23), and greater HDL-C (p < 0.001) and serum NO (p = 0.008). Moreover, a greater nitrite intake was associated with lower DBP (p = 0.017), HbA1C (p = 0.040), FPG (p = 0.011), and higher serum NO values (p = 0.001). Higher amounts of DTAC and NO index were also related to greater DBP (p < 0.001, and p = 0.004, respectively) and lower hs-CRP (p = 0.004, and p = 0.009, respectively). High intakes of dietary nitrate and nitrite, in the context of high DTAC, are significantly associated with the improvement of some cardiometabolic parameters in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Karimzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Behrouz
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Golbon Sohrab
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taraneh Razavion
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saiedeh Haji-Maghsoudi
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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2
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Akopova O, Korkach Y, Sagach V. The effects of ecdysterone and enalapril on nitric oxide synthesis and the markers of oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats: a comparative study. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:8089-8099. [PMID: 38789633 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular functions in diabetes greatly depend on constitutive NOS (cNOS) activity. A comparative study of the effects of a steroid hormone ecdysterone and enalapril, an ACE inhibitor widely used to treat cardiac disorders on cNOS, inducible NOS (iNOS), xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity, RNS, ROS, and lipid peroxidation in heart tissue in experimental diabetes was conducted. The rat model of diabetes was established by streptozotocin injection. NOS activity, NO2-, NO3-, uric acid, nitrosothiols, hydroperoxide, superoxide, and diene conjugate formation were studied spectrophotomerically. In diabetes, cNOS downregulation correlated with a dramatic fall of NO2- production and ~4.5-fold elevation of nitrosothiols, which agreed with a steep rise of iNOS activity, while NO3- remained close to control. Dramatic activation of XOR was observed, which correlated with the elevation of both superoxide production and nitrate reductase activity and resulted in strong lipid peroxidation. Ecdysterone and enalapril differently affected RNS metabolism. Ecdysterone moderately restored cNOS but strongly suppressed iNOS, which resulted in the reduction of NO3-, but full restoration of NO2- production. Enalapril better restored cNOS but less effectively suppressed iNOS, which promoted NO3- formation. Both drugs similarly inhibited XOR, which equally alleviated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The synergistic action of iNOS and XOR was a plausible explanation for strong lipid peroxidation, abolished by the inhibition of iNOS and XOR by ecdysterone or enalapril. Complementary effects of ecdysterone and enalapril on cNOS, iNOS, and RNS are a promising basis for their combined use in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders caused by cNOS dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Akopova
- Stem cell laboratory, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.
| | - Yulia Korkach
- Circulation department, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Vadim Sagach
- Circulation department, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
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3
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Tian S, Ding T, Li H. Oral microbiome in human health and diseases. MLIFE 2024; 3:367-383. [PMID: 39359681 PMCID: PMC11442140 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
The oral cavity contains the second-largest microbiota in the human body. The cavity's anatomically and physiologically diverse niches facilitate a wide range of symbiotic bacteria living at distinct oral sites. Consequently, the oral microbiota exhibits site specificity, with diverse species, compositions, and structures influenced by specific aspects of their placement. Variations in oral microbiota structure caused by changes in these influencing factors can impact overall health and lead to the development of diseases-not only in the oral cavity but also in organs distal to the mouth-such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease. Conversely, diseases can exacerbate the imbalance of the oral microbiota, creating a vicious cycle. Understanding the heterogeneity of both the oral microbiome and individual humans is important for investigating the causal links between the oral microbiome and diseases. Additionally, understanding the intricacies of the oral microbiome's composition and regulatory factors will help identify the potential causes of related diseases and develop interventions to prevent and treat illnesses in this domain. Therefore, turning to the extant research in this field, we systematically review the relationship between oral microbiome dynamics and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Tian
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-Sen University) Ministry of Education Guangzhou China
| | - Tao Ding
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-Sen University) Ministry of Education Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University) Ministry of Education, China Guangzhou China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-Sen University) Ministry of Education Guangzhou China
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4
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Paiva B, Laranjinha J, Rocha BS. Do oral and gut microbiota communicate through redox pathways? A novel asset of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:2211-2223. [PMID: 38523057 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate may act as a regulator of •NO bioavailability via sequential reduction along the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway with widespread health benefits, including a eubiotic effect on the oral and gut microbiota. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of microbiota-host communication through redox pathways, via the production of •NO and oxidants by the family of NADPH oxidases, namely hydrogen peroxide (via Duox2), superoxide radical (via Nox1 and Nox2) and peroxynitrite, which leads to downstream activation of stress responses (Nrf2 and NFkB pathways) in the host mucosa. The activation of Nox2 by microbial metabolites is also discussed. Finally, we propose a new perspective in which both oral and gut microbiota communicate through redox pathways, with nitrate as the pivot linking both ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Paiva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Laranjinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara S Rocha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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5
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Margaritelis NV, Cobley JN, Nastos GG, Papanikolaou K, Bailey SJ, Kritsiligkou P, Nikolaidis MG. Evidence-based sports supplements: A redox analysis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 224:62-77. [PMID: 39147071 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Despite the overwhelming number of sports supplements on the market, only seven are currently recognized as effective. Biological functions are largely regulated through redox reactions, yet no comprehensive analysis of the redox properties of these supplements has been compiled. Here, we analyze the redox characteristics of these seven supplements: bicarbonates, beta-alanine, caffeine, creatine, nitrates, carbohydrates, and proteins. Our findings suggest that all sports supplements exhibit some degree of redox activity. However, the precise physiological implications of these redox properties remain unclear. Future research, employing unconventional perspectives and methodologies, will reveal new redox pixels of the exercise physiology and sports nutrition picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece.
| | - James N Cobley
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - George G Nastos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | | | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Paraskevi Kritsiligkou
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
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6
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Piknova B, Park JW, Tunau-Spencer KJ, Jenkins A, Hellinga DG, Walter PJ, Cai H, Schechter AN. Skeletal Muscle, Skin, and Bone as Three Major Nitrate Reservoirs in Mammals: Chemiluminescence and 15N-Tracer Studies in Yorkshire Pigs. Nutrients 2024; 16:2674. [PMID: 39203815 PMCID: PMC11357542 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In mammals, nitric oxide (NO) is generated either by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes from arginine or by the reduction of nitrate to nitrite by tissue xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and the microbiome and further reducing nitrite to NO by XOR or several heme proteins. Previously, we reported that skeletal muscle acts as a large nitrate reservoir in mammals, and this nitrate reservoir is systemically, as well as locally, used to generate nitrite and NO. Here, we report identifying two additional nitrate storage organs-bone and skin. We used bolus of ingested 15N-labeled nitrate to trace its short-term fluxes and distribution among organs. At baseline conditions, the nitrate concentration in femur bone samples was 96 ± 63 nmol/g, scalp skin 56 ± 22 nmol/g, with gluteus muscle at 57 ± 39 nmol/g. In comparison, plasma and liver contained 34 ± 19 nmol/g and 15 ± 5 nmol/g of nitrate, respectively. Three hours after 15N-nitrate ingestion, its concentration significantly increased in all organs, exceeding the baseline levels in plasma, skin, bone, skeletal muscle, and in liver 5-, 2.4-, 2.4-, 2.1-, and 2-fold, respectively. As expected, nitrate reduction into nitrite was highest in liver but also substantial in skin and skeletal muscle, followed by the distribution of 15N-labeled nitrite. We believe that these results underline the major roles played by skeletal muscle, skin, and bone, the three largest organs in mammals, in maintaining NO homeostasis, especially via the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Piknova
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ji Won Park
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Khalid J. Tunau-Spencer
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Audrey Jenkins
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | | | - Peter J. Walter
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongyi Cai
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan N. Schechter
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Saputra F, Kishida M, Hu SY. Nitrate and Nitrite Exposure Induces Visual Impairments in Adult Zebrafish. TOXICS 2024; 12:518. [PMID: 39058170 PMCID: PMC11281020 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate and nitrite have emerged as increasingly common environmental pollutants, posing significant risks to various forms of life within ecosystems. To understand their impact on the visual system of zebrafish, adult zebrafish were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of nitrate (10 mg/L) and nitrite (1 mg/L) for 7 days. Visual behaviors were examined using optomotor and avoidance response. The eyeballs of the zebrafish were collected for H&E staining, IHC, and qPCR. Exposure decreased visual behavior and the thickness of most retinal layers. Exposure decreased expression of pax6a, pax6b, gpx1a, and bcl2a. Exposure increased expression of esr1, esr1a, esr2b, cyp19a1b, sod1a, nos2a, casps3, and tp53, and increased retinal brain aromatase expression by IHC. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that nitrate and nitrite exposure negatively impacted the visual system of adult zebrafish, highlighting the potential hazards of these environmental pollutants on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Febriyansyah Saputra
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan;
| | - Mitsuyo Kishida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan;
| | - Shao-Yang Hu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
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Rowland SN, O'Donnell E, James LJ, Da Boit M, Fujii N, Arnold JT, Lloyd AB, Eglin CM, Shepherd AI, Bailey SJ. Nitrate ingestion blunts the increase in blood pressure during cool air exposure: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover trial. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:1364-1375. [PMID: 38572540 PMCID: PMC11365552 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00593.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cold exposure increases blood pressure (BP) and salivary flow rate (SFR). Increased cold-induced SFR would be hypothesized to enhance oral nitrate delivery for reduction to nitrite by oral anaerobes and to subsequently elevate plasma [nitrite] and nitric oxide bioavailability. We tested the hypothesis that dietary nitrate supplementation would increase plasma [nitrite] and lower BP to a greater extent in cool compared with normothermic conditions. Twelve males attended the laboratory on four occasions. Baseline measurements were completed at 28°C. Subsequently, participants ingested 140 mL of concentrated nitrate-rich (BR; ∼13 mmol nitrate) or nitrate-depleted (PL) beetroot juice. Measurements were repeated over 3 h at either 28°C (Norm) or 20°C (Cool). Mean skin temperature was lowered compared with baseline in PL-Cool and BR-Cool. SFR was greater in BR-Norm, PL-Cool, and BR-Cool than PL-Norm. Plasma [nitrite] at 3 h was higher in BR-Cool (592 ± 239 nM) versus BR-Norm (410 ± 195 nM). Systolic BP (SBP) at 3 h was not different between PL-Norm (117 ± 6 mmHg) and BR-Norm (113 ± 9 mmHg). SBP increased above baseline at 1, 2, and 3 h in PL-Cool but not BR-Cool. These results suggest that BR consumption is more effective at increasing plasma [nitrite] in cool compared with normothermic conditions and blunts the rise in BP following acute cool air exposure, which might have implications for attenuating the increased cardiovascular strain in the cold.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Compared with normothermic conditions, acute nitrate ingestion increased plasma [nitrite], a substrate for oxygen-independent nitric oxide generation, to a greater extent during cool air exposure. Systolic blood pressure was increased during cool air exposure in the placebo condition with this cool-induced blood pressure increase attenuated after acute nitrate ingestion. These findings improve our understanding of environmental factors that influence nitrate metabolism and the efficacy of nitrate supplementation to lower blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N Rowland
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Emma O'Donnell
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis J James
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Mariasole Da Boit
- Health and Life Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Naoto Fujii
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Josh T Arnold
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Alex B Lloyd
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Clare M Eglin
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony I Shepherd
- Clinical Health and Rehabilitation Team, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Rowland SN, James LJ, O'Donnell E, Bailey SJ. Influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation timing on nitrate metabolism, central and peripheral blood pressure and exercise tolerance in young men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1381-1396. [PMID: 38040982 PMCID: PMC11055761 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary nitrate (NO3-) supplementation can lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) and improve exercise performance. Salivary flow rate (SFR) and pH are key determinants of oral NO3- reduction and purported to peak in the afternoon. We tested the hypotheses that NO3--rich beetroot juice (BR) would increase plasma [nitrite] ([NO2-]), lower SBP and improve exercise performance to a greater extent in the afternoon (AFT) compared to the morning (MORN) and evening (EVE). METHOD Twelve males completed six experimental visits in a repeated-measures, crossover design. NO3--depleted beetroot juice (PL) or BR (~ 13 mmol NO3-) were ingested in the MORN, AFT and EVE. SFR and pH, salivary and plasma [NO3-] and [NO2-], brachial SBP and central SBP were measured pre and post supplementation. A severe-intensity exercise tolerance test was completed to determine cycling time to exhaustion (TTE). RESULTS There were no between-condition differences in mean SFR or salivary pH. The elevation in plasma [NO2-] after BR ingestion was not different between BR-MORN, BR-AFT and BR-EVE. Brachial SBP was unchanged following BR supplementation in all conditions. Central SBP was reduced in BR-MORN (- 3 ± 4 mmHg), BR-AFT (- 4 ± 3 mmHg), and BR-EVE (- 2 ± 3 mmHg), with no differences between timepoints. TTE was not different between BR and PL at any timepoint. CONCLUSION Acute BR supplementation was ineffective at improving TTE and brachial SBP and similarly effective at increasing plasma [NO2-] and lowering central SBP across the day, which may have implications for informing NO3- supplementation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N Rowland
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Lewis J James
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Emma O'Donnell
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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Park JW, Piknova B, Tunau-Spencer KJ, Thomas SM, Cai H, Walter PJ, Jenkins A, Hellinga D, Parver LM, Schechter AN. Dietary Nitrate Metabolism in Porcine Ocular Tissues Determined Using 15N-Labeled Sodium Nitrate Supplementation. Nutrients 2024; 16:1154. [PMID: 38674845 PMCID: PMC11054199 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) obtained from the diet is converted to nitrite (NO2-) and subsequently to nitric oxide (NO) within the body. Previously, we showed that porcine eye components contain substantial amounts of nitrate and nitrite that are similar to those in blood. Notably, cornea and sclera exhibited the capability to reduce nitrate to nitrite. To gain deeper insights into nitrate metabolism in porcine eyes, our current study involved feeding pigs either NaCl or Na15NO3 and assessing the levels of total and 15N-labeled NO3-/NO2- in various ocular tissues. Three hours after Na15NO3 ingestion, a marked increase in 15NO3- and 15NO2- was observed in all parts of the eye; in particular, the aqueous and vitreous humor showed a high 15NO3- enrichment (77.5 and 74.5%, respectively), similar to that of plasma (77.1%) and showed an even higher 15NO2- enrichment (39.9 and 35.3%, respectively) than that of plasma (19.8%). The total amounts of NO3- and NO2- exhibited patterns consistent with those observed in 15N analysis. Next, to investigate whether nitrate or nitrite accumulate proportionally after multiple nitrate treatments, we measured nitrate and nitrite contents after supplementing pigs with Na15NO3 for five consecutive days. In both 15N-labeled and total nitrate and nitrite analysis, we did not observe further accumulation of these ions after multiple treatments, compared to a single treatment. These findings suggest that dietary nitrate supplementation exerts a significant influence on nitrate and nitrite levels and potentially NO levels in the eye and opens up the possibility for the therapeutic use of dietary nitrate/nitrite to enhance or restore NO levels in ocular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Park
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.W.P.); (B.P.); (K.J.T.-S.); (S.M.T.)
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Barbora Piknova
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.W.P.); (B.P.); (K.J.T.-S.); (S.M.T.)
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Khalid J. Tunau-Spencer
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.W.P.); (B.P.); (K.J.T.-S.); (S.M.T.)
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samantha M. Thomas
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.W.P.); (B.P.); (K.J.T.-S.); (S.M.T.)
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongyi Cai
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.C.); (P.J.W.)
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter J. Walter
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.C.); (P.J.W.)
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Audrey Jenkins
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (A.J.); (D.H.)
| | - David Hellinga
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (A.J.); (D.H.)
| | - Leonard M. Parver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Alan N. Schechter
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.W.P.); (B.P.); (K.J.T.-S.); (S.M.T.)
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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11
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Jurga J, Samborowska E, Zielinski J, Olek RA. Effects of Acute Beetroot Juice and Sodium Nitrate on Selected Blood Metabolites and Response to Transient Ischemia: A Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial. J Nutr 2024; 154:491-497. [PMID: 38110180 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modification of the nitrate (NO3)-nitrite (NO2)-nitric oxide (NO) pathway can be induced by oral intake of inorganic NO3 (NIT) or NO3-rich products, such as beetroot juice (BRJ). OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma changes in betaine, choline, trimethylamine (TMA), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and NO3/NO2 (NOx) concentrations over 4 h after single oral ingestion of NIT or BRJ. The flow-mediated skin fluorescence (FMSF) method was applied to measure the changes in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form (NADH) in response to transient ischemia and reperfusion. We hypothesized that various sources of NO3 may differently affect endothelial and mitochondrial functions in healthy human subjects. METHODS In a randomized crossover trial, 8 healthy young adults ingested 800 mg NO3 from either NIT or BRJ on 2 separate days with ≥3 d apart. Venous blood samples were collected every hour, and FMSF determination was applied bihourly. RESULTS Plasma betaine and choline concentrations peaked at 1 h after BRJ ingestion, and remained significantly higher than baseline values at all time points (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, compared to preingestion values). Over time, BRJ was more effective in increasing NOx compared with NIT (fixed-trial effect P < 0.001). Baseline fluorescence decreased after both NIT and BRJ consumption (fixed-time effect P = 0.005). Transient ischemia and reperfusion response increased because of NO3 consumption (fixed-time effect P = 0.003), with no differences between trials (P = 0.451; P = 0.912; P = 0.819 at 0, 2, and 4 h, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Acute ingestion of BRJ elevated plasma betaine and choline, but not TMA and TMAO. Moreover, plasma NOx levels were higher in the BRJ trial than in the NIT trial. Various sources of NO3 positively affected endothelial and mitochondrial functions. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05004935.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jurga
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Emilia Samborowska
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Zielinski
- Department of Athletics, Strength, and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Robert A Olek
- Department of Athletics, Strength, and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland.
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12
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Li J, LoBue A, Heuser SK, Cortese-Krott MM. Determination of Nitric Oxide and Its Metabolites in Biological Tissues Using Ozone-Based Chemiluminescence Detection: A State-of-the-Art Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:179. [PMID: 38397777 PMCID: PMC10886078 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ozone-based chemiluminescence detection (CLD) has been widely applied for determining nitric oxide (•NO) and its derived species in many different fields, such as environmental monitoring and biomedical research. In humans and animals, CLD has been applied to determine exhaled •NO and •NO metabolites in plasma and tissues. The main advantages of CLD are high sensitivity and selectivity for quantitative analysis in a wide dynamic range. Combining CLD with analytical separation techniques like chromatography allows for the analytes to be quantified with less disturbance from matrix components or impurities. Sampling techniques like microdialysis and flow injection analysis may be coupled to CLD with the possibility of real-time monitoring of •NO. However, details and precautions in experimental practice need to be addressed and clarified to avoid wrong estimations. Therefore, using CLD as a detection tool requires a deep understanding of the sample preparation procedure and chemical reactions used for liberating •NO from its derived species. In this review, we discuss the advantages and pitfalls of CLD for determining •NO species, list the different applications and combinations with other analytical techniques, and provide general practical notes for sample preparation. These guidelines are designed to assist researchers in comprehending CLD data and in selecting the most appropriate method for measuring •NO species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (J.L.); (A.L.); (S.K.H.)
| | - Anthea LoBue
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (J.L.); (A.L.); (S.K.H.)
| | - Sophia K. Heuser
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (J.L.); (A.L.); (S.K.H.)
| | - Miriam M. Cortese-Krott
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (J.L.); (A.L.); (S.K.H.)
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Chen PL, Huang KT, Chen LY, Hsu K. Erythroid anion Exchanger-1 (band 3) transports nitrite for nitric oxide metabolism. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:237-245. [PMID: 38042224 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite (NO2-) interacts with hemoglobin (Hb) in various ways to regulate blood flow. During hypoxic vasodilation, nitrite is reduced by deoxyHb to yield nitric oxide (NO). While NO, a hydrophobic gas, could freely diffuse across the cell membrane, how the reactant nitrite anion could permeate through the red blood cell (RBC) membrane remains unclear. We hypothesized that Cl-/HCO3- anion exchanger-1 (AE1; band 3) abundantly embedded in the RBC membrane could transport NO2-, as HCO3- and NO2- exhibit similar hydrated radii. Here, we monitored NO/N2O3 generated from NO2- inside human RBCs by DAF-FM fluorophore. NO2-, not NO3-, increased intraerythrocytic DAF-FM fluorescence. To test the involvement of AE1-mediated transport in intraerythrocytic NO/N2O3 production from nitrite, we lowered Cl- or HCO3- in the RBC-incubating buffer by 20 % and indeed observed slower rise of the DAF-FM fluorescence. Anti-extracellular AE1, but not anti-intracellular AE1 antibodies, reduced the rates of NO formation from nitrite. The AE1 blocker DIDS similarly reduced the rates of NO/N2O3 production from nitrite in a dose-dependent fashion, confirming that nitrite entered RBCs through AE1. Nitrite inside the RBCs reacted with both deoxyHb and oxyHb, as evidenced by 6.1 % decrease in deoxyHb, 14.7 % decrease in oxyHb, and 20.7 % increase in methemoglobin (metHb). Lowering Cl- in the milieu equally delayed metHb production from nitrite-oxyHb and nitrite-deoxyHb reactions. Thus, AE1-mediated NO2- transport facilitates NO2--Hb reactions inside the red cells, supporting NOx metabolism in circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Lung Chen
- The Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Tse Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung-Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yang Chen
- The Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kate Hsu
- The Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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14
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Willmott T, Ormesher L, McBain AJ, Humphreys GJ, Myers JE, Singh G, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Nihlen C, Cottrell EC. Altered Oral Nitrate Reduction and Bacterial Profiles in Hypertensive Women Predict Blood Pressure Lowering Following Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation. Hypertension 2023; 80:2397-2406. [PMID: 37702047 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of dietary nitrate supplementation to lower blood pressure (BP) in pregnant women is highly variable. We aimed to investigate whether differences in oral microbiota profiles and oral nitrate-reducing capacity may explain interindividual differences in BP lowering following nitrate supplementation. METHODS Participants recruited for this study were both pregnant and nonpregnant women, with or without hypertension (n=55). Following an overnight fast, plasma, saliva, and tongue scraping samples were collected for measurement of nitrate/nitrite concentrations, oral NaR (nitrate reductase) activity, and microbiota profiling using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Baseline BP was measured, followed by the administration of a single dose of dietary nitrate (400 mg nitrate in 70 mL beetroot juice). Post-nitrate intervention, plasma and salivary nitrate/nitrite concentrations and BP were determined 2.5 hours later. RESULTS Women with hypertension had significantly lower salivary nitrite concentrations (P=0.006) and reduced abundance of the nitrate-reducing taxa Veillonella(P=0.007) compared with normotensive women. Oral NaR activity was not significantly different in pregnant versus nonpregnant women (P=0.991) but tended to be lower in hypertensive compared with normotensive women (P=0.099). Oral NaR activity was associated with both baseline diastolic BP (P=0.050) and change in diastolic BP following acute nitrate intake (P=0.01, adjusted for baseline BP). CONCLUSIONS The abundance and activity of oral nitrate-reducing bacteria impact both baseline BP as well as the ability of dietary nitrate supplementation to lower BP. Strategies to increase oral nitrate-reducing capacity could lower BP and enhance the efficacy of dietary nitrate supplementation, in pregnancy as well as in nonpregnant adults. REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov; Unique identifier: NCT03930693.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Willmott
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences (T.W., L.O., J.E.M., E.C.C.), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences (T.W., A.J.M., G.J.H.), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Ormesher
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences (T.W., L.O., J.E.M., E.C.C.), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J McBain
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences (T.W., A.J.M., G.J.H.), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J Humphreys
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences (T.W., A.J.M., G.J.H.), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny E Myers
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences (T.W., L.O., J.E.M., E.C.C.), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (G.S.), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.L., E.W., C.N.)
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.L., E.W., C.N.)
| | - Carina Nihlen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.L., E.W., C.N.)
| | - Elizabeth C Cottrell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences (T.W., L.O., J.E.M., E.C.C.), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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15
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Alharbi M, Stephan BC, Shannon OM, Siervo M. Does dietary nitrate boost the effects of caloric restriction on brain health? Potential physiological mechanisms and implications for future research. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:45. [PMID: 37880786 PMCID: PMC10599060 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a highly prevalent and costly disease characterised by deterioration of cognitive and physical capacity due to changes in brain function and structure. Given the absence of effective treatment options for dementia, dietary and other lifestyle approaches have been advocated as potential strategies to reduce the burden of this condition. Maintaining an optimal nutritional status is vital for the preservation of brain function and structure. Several studies have recognised the significant role of nutritional factors to protect and enhance metabolic, cerebrovascular, and neurocognitive functions. Caloric restriction (CR) positively impacts on brain function via a modulation of mitochondrial efficiency, endothelial function, neuro-inflammatory, antioxidant and autophagy responses. Dietary nitrate, which serves as a substrate for the ubiquitous gasotransmitter nitric oxide (NO), has been identified as a promising nutritional intervention that could have an important role in improving vascular and metabolic brain regulation by affecting oxidative metabolism, ROS production, and endothelial and neuronal integrity. Only one study has recently tested the combined effects of both interventions and showed preliminary, positive outcomes cognitive function. This paper explores the potential synergistic effects of a nutritional strategy based on the co-administration of CR and a high-nitrate diet as a potential and more effective (than either intervention alone) strategy to protect brain health and reduce dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushari Alharbi
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Blossom Cm Stephan
- Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, EnAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, EnAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
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16
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Locascio A, Annona G, Caccavale F, D'Aniello S, Agnisola C, Palumbo A. Nitric Oxide Function and Nitric Oxide Synthase Evolution in Aquatic Chordates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11182. [PMID: 37446358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule in almost all organisms and is active in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Our understanding of the peculiarities and functions of this simple gas has increased considerably by extending studies to non-mammal vertebrates and invertebrates. In this review, we report the nitric oxide synthase (Nos) genes so far characterized in chordates and provide an extensive, detailed, and comparative analysis of the function of NO in the aquatic chordates tunicates, cephalochordates, teleost fishes, and amphibians. This comprehensive set of data adds new elements to our understanding of Nos evolution, from the single gene commonly found in invertebrates to the three genes present in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Locascio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Annona
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
- Department of Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources (RIMAR), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Caccavale
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore D'Aniello
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Agnisola
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Palumbo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
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17
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Alsharif NS, Clifford T, Alhebshi A, Rowland SN, Bailey SJ. Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Performance during Single and Repeated Bouts of Short-Duration High-Intensity Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1194. [PMID: 37371924 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic nitrate (NO3-) has emerged as a potential ergogenic aid over the last couple of decades. While recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have suggested some small positive effects of NO3- supplementation on performance across a range of exercise tasks, the effect of NO3- supplementation on performance during single and repeated bouts of short-duration, high-intensity exercise is unclear. This review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to January 2023. A paired analysis model for cross-over trials was incorporated to perform a random effects meta-analysis for each performance outcome and to generate standardized mean differences (SMD) between the NO3- and placebo supplementation conditions. The systematic review and meta-analysis included 27 and 23 studies, respectively. Time to reach peak power (SMD: 0.75, p = 0.02), mean power output (SMD: 0.20, p = 0.02), and total distance covered in the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 test (SMD: 0.17, p < 0.0001) were all improved after NO3- supplementation. Dietary NO3- supplementation had small positive effects on some performance outcomes during single and repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise. Therefore, athletes competing in sports requiring single or repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise may benefit from NO3- supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal S Alsharif
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tom Clifford
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Abrar Alhebshi
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samantha N Rowland
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
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18
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Piknova B, Park JW, Thomas SM, Tunau-Spencer KJ, Schechter AN. Nitrate and Nitrite Metabolism in Aging Rats: A Comparative Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112490. [PMID: 37299453 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) (co)regulates many physiological processes in the body. Its short-lived free radicals force synthesis in situ and on-demand, without storage possibility. Local oxygen availability determines the origin of NO-either by synthesis by nitric oxide synthases (NOS) or by the reduction of nitrate to nitrite to NO by nitrate/nitrite reductases. The existence of nitrate reservoirs, mainly in skeletal muscle, assures the local and systemic availability of NO. Aging is accompanied by changes in metabolic pathways, leading to a decrease in NO availability. We explored age-related changes in various rat organs and tissues. We found differences in nitrate and nitrite contents in tissues of old and young rats at baseline levels, with nitrate levels being generally higher and nitrite levels being generally lower in old rats. However, there were no differences in the levels of nitrate-transporting proteins and nitrate reductase between old and young rats, with the exception of in the eye. Increased dietary nitrate led to significantly higher nitrate enrichment in the majority of old rat organs compared to young rats, suggesting that the nitrate reduction pathway is not affected by aging. We hypothesize that age-related NO accessibility changes originate either from the NOS pathway or from changes in NO downstream signaling (sGC/PDE5). Both possibilities need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Piknova
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ji Won Park
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samantha M Thomas
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Khalid J Tunau-Spencer
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan N Schechter
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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19
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Yousefzadeh N, Jeddi S, Zarkesh M, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Altered sialin mRNA gene expression in type 2 diabetic male Wistar rats: implications for nitric oxide deficiency. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4013. [PMID: 36899088 PMCID: PMC10006425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrate therapy has been suggested to boost nitric oxide (NO) levels in type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, little is known about nitrate transport across the membranes. This study aimed to assess changes in the mRNA expression of sialin, as a nitrate transporter, in the main tissues of rats with T2D. Rats were divided into two groups (n = 6/group): Control and T2D. A high-fat diet combined with a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 30 mg/kg) was used to induce T2D. At month 6, samples from the main tissues of rats were used to measure the mRNA expression of sialin and levels of NO metabolites. Rats with T2D had lower nitrate levels in the soleus muscle (66%), lung (48%), kidney (43%), aorta (30%), adrenal gland (58%), epididymal adipose tissue (eAT) (61%), and heart (37%) and had lower nitrite levels in the pancreas (47%), kidney (42%), aorta (33%), liver (28%), eAT (34%), and heart (32%). The order of sialin gene expression in control rats was: soleus muscle > kidney > pancreas > lung > liver > adrenal gland > brain > eAT > intestine > stomach > aorta > heart. Compared to controls, rats with T2D had higher sialin mRNA expressions in the stomach (2.1), eAT (2.0), adrenal gland (1.7), liver (8.9), and soleus muscle (3.4), and lower sialin expression in the intestine (0.56), pancreas (0.42), and kidney (0.44), all P values < 0.05. These findings indicate altered sialin mRNA expression in the main tissues of male T2D rats and may have implications for future NO-based treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Yousefzadeh
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Arabi Street, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, P.O. Box 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Arabi Street, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, P.O. Box 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarkesh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Arabi Street, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, P.O. Box 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Distribution of dietary nitrate and its metabolites in rat tissues after 15N-labeled nitrate administration. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3499. [PMID: 36859526 PMCID: PMC9977953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The reduction pathway of nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) to nitric oxide (NO) contributes to regulating many physiological processes. To examine the rate and extent of dietary nitrate absorption and its reduction to nitrite, we supplemented rat diets with Na15NO3-containing water (1 g/L) and collected plasma, urine and several tissue samples. We found that plasma and urine showed 8.8- and 11.7-fold increases respectively in total nitrate concentrations in 1-day supplementation group compared to control. In tissue samples-gluteus, liver and eyes-we found 1.7-, 2.4- and 4.2-fold increases respectively in 1-day supplementation group. These increases remained similar in 3-day supplementation group. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that the augmented nitrate concentrations were primarily from the exogenously provided 15N-nitrate. Overall nitrite concentrations and percent of 15N-nitrite were also greatly increased in all samples after nitrate supplementation; eye homogenates showed larger increases compared to gluteus and liver. Moreover, genes related to nitrate transport and reduction (Sialin, CLC and XOR) were upregulated after nitrate supplementation for 3 days in muscle (Sialin 2.3-, CLC1 1.3-, CLC3 2.1-, XOR 2.4-fold) and eye (XOR 1.7-fold) homogenates. These results demonstrate that dietary nitrate is quickly absorbed into circulation and tissues, and it can be reduced to nitrite in tissues (and likely to NO) suggesting that nitrate-enriched diets can be an efficient intervention to enhance nitrite and NO bioavailability.
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21
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Cocksedge SP, Causer AJ, Winyard PG, Jones AM, Bailey SJ. Oral Temperature and pH Influence Dietary Nitrate Metabolism in Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030784. [PMID: 36771490 PMCID: PMC9919366 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that the increases in salivary and plasma [NO2-] after dietary NO3- supplementation would be greater when oral temperature and pH were independently elevated, and increased further when oral temperature and pH were elevated concurrently. Seven healthy males (mean ± SD, age 23 ± 4 years) ingested 70 mL of beetroot juice concentrate (BR, which provided ~6.2 mmol NO3-) during six separate laboratory visits. In a randomised crossover experimental design, salivary and plasma [NO3-] and [NO2-] were assessed at a neutral oral pH with a low (TLo-pHNorm), intermediate (TMid-pHNorm), and high (THi-pHNorm) oral temperature, and when the oral pH was increased at a low (TLo-pHHi), intermediate (TMid-pHHi), and high (THi-pHHi) oral temperature. Compared with the TMid-pHNorm condition (976 ± 388 µM), the mean salivary [NO2-] 1-3 h post BR ingestion was higher in the TMid-pHHi (1855 ± 423 µM), THi-pHNorm (1371 ± 653 µM), THi-pHHi (1792 ± 741 µM), TLo-pHNorm (1495 ± 502 µM), and TLo-pHHi (2013 ± 662 µM) conditions, with salivary [NO2-] also higher at a given oral temperature when the oral pH was increased (p < 0.05). Plasma [NO2-] was higher 3 h post BR ingestion in the TMid-pHHi, THi-pHHi, and TLo-pHHi conditions, but not the TLo-pHNorm and THi-pHNorm conditions, compared with TMid-pHNorm (p < 0.05). Therefore, despite ingesting the same NO3- dose, the increases in salivary [NO2-] varied depending on the temperature and pH of the oral cavity, while the plasma [NO2-] increased independently of oral temperature, but to a greater extent at a higher oral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart P. Cocksedge
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Adam J. Causer
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Paul G. Winyard
- Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Andrew M. Jones
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Stephen J. Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- Correspondence:
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22
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Cerra MC, Filice M, Caferro A, Mazza R, Gattuso A, Imbrogno S. Cardiac Hypoxia Tolerance in Fish: From Functional Responses to Cell Signals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021460. [PMID: 36674975 PMCID: PMC9866870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquatic animals are increasingly challenged by O2 fluctuations as a result of global warming, as well as eutrophication processes. Teleost fish show important species-specific adaptability to O2 deprivation, moving from intolerance to a full tolerance of hypoxia and even anoxia. An example is provided by members of Cyprinidae which includes species that are amongst the most tolerant hypoxia/anoxia teleosts. Living at low water O2 requires the mandatory preservation of the cardiac function to support the metabolic and hemodynamic requirements of organ and tissues which sustain whole organism performance. A number of orchestrated events, from metabolism to behavior, converge to shape the heart response to the restricted availability of the gas, also limiting the potential damages for cells and tissues. In cyprinids, the heart is extraordinarily able to activate peculiar strategies of functional preservation. Accordingly, by using these teleosts as models of tolerance to low O2, we will synthesize and discuss literature data to describe the functional changes, and the major molecular events that allow the heart of these fish to sustain adaptability to O2 deprivation. By crossing the boundaries of basic research and environmental physiology, this information may be of interest also in a translational perspective, and in the context of conservative physiology, in which the output of the research is applicable to environmental management and decision making.
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23
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Skeletal muscle as a reservoir for nitrate and nitrite: The role of xanthine oxidase reductase (XOR). Nitric Oxide 2022; 129:102-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Quantitative aspects of nitric oxide production in the heart. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11113-11122. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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25
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Stykel MG, Ryan SD. Nitrosative stress in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:104. [PMID: 35953517 PMCID: PMC9372037 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized, in part, by the loss of dopaminergic neurons within the nigral-striatal pathway. Multiple lines of evidence support a role for reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in degeneration of this pathway, specifically nitric oxide (NO). This review will focus on how RNS leads to loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD and whether RNS accumulation represents a central signal in the degenerative cascade. Herein, we provide an overview of how RNS accumulates in PD by considering the various cellular sources of RNS including nNOS, iNOS, nitrate, and nitrite reduction and describe evidence that these sources are upregulating RNS in PD. We document that over 1/3 of the proteins that deposit in Lewy Bodies, are post-translationally modified (S-nitrosylated) by RNS and provide a broad description of how this elicits deleterious effects in neurons. In doing so, we identify specific proteins that are modified by RNS in neurons which are implicated in PD pathogenesis, with an emphasis on exacerbation of synucleinopathy. How nitration of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) leads to aSyn misfolding and toxicity in PD models is outlined. Furthermore, we delineate how RNS modulates known PD-related phenotypes including axo-dendritic-, mitochondrial-, and dopamine-dysfunctions. Finally, we discuss successful outcomes of therapeutics that target S-nitrosylation of proteins in Parkinson’s Disease related clinical trials. In conclusion, we argue that targeting RNS may be of therapeutic benefit for people in early clinical stages of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan G Stykel
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
| | - Scott D Ryan
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, ON, Canada. .,Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Scintillon Institute, 6868 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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26
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Pan N, Lu L, Zhang D, Wang X. Evaluation of the effect of nitrate and chloride on Cd(II)-induced cell oxidative stress by scanning electrochemical microscopy. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2673-2681. [PMID: 35762516 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00495j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most prevalent toxic metal pollutants, which is widely distributed in various environmental media and organisms. Literature studies have documented that Cd could stimulate cellular oxidative stress, and the increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) might destroy certain proteins and DNA and subsequently lead to cell apoptosis. Although several studies have studied the co-exposure between cadmium and other metals, information on the potential effects of Cd and its counterions is still lacking. In the present study, we explored the effects of nitrate and chloride on oxidative stress induced by Cd(II) at environmental exposure levels in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). After incubation in CdCl2 or Cd(NO3)2, ROS production is concentration-dependent and time-dependent, and the variation trend is consistent. When MCF-7 cells were incubated at a constant Cd2+ concentration, it was found that the higher the concentration ratio of Cd(NO3)2/CdCl2, the less ROS was generated. Combined with cell-viability, intracellular acidification as well as antioxidants system tests, we observed that nitrate could be reduced to nitrite and then inhibit Cd-induced oxidative stress. Benefitting from real-time in situ imaging of cells by SECM, H2O2 was detected and quantified in a noninvasive way, and the effect of Cd at environmental exposure levels on cellular oxidative stress was explored deeper and more comprehensively. Prospectively, cytotoxicological methods based on the SECM technique would be established to explore toxic pollutant co-exposure issues at environmental exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Pan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Liping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Dongtang Zhang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Xiayan Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
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The Evolution of Nitric Oxide Function: From Reactivity in the Prebiotic Earth to Examples of Biological Roles and Therapeutic Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071222. [PMID: 35883712 PMCID: PMC9311577 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide was once considered to be of marginal interest to the biological sciences and medicine; however, there is now wide recognition, but not yet a comprehensive understanding, of its functions and effects. NO is a reactive, toxic free radical with numerous biological targets, especially metal ions. However, NO and its reaction products also play key roles as reductant and oxidant in biological redox processes, in signal transduction, immunity and infection, as well as other roles. Consequently, it can be sensed, metabolized and modified in biological systems. Here, we present a brief overview of the chemistry and biology of NO—in particular, its origins in geological time and in contemporary biology, its toxic consequences and its critical biological functions. Given that NO, with its intrinsic reactivity, appeared in the early Earth’s atmosphere before the evolution of complex lifeforms, we speculate that the potential for toxicity preceded biological function. To examine this hypothesis, we consider the nature of non-biological and biological targets of NO, the evolution of biological mechanisms for NO detoxification, and how living organisms generate this multifunctional gas.
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28
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Wang F, Qin K, Wang K, Wang H, Liu Q, Qian M, Chen S, Sun Y, Hou J, Wei Y, Hu Y, Li Z, Xu Q, Zhao Q. Nitric oxide improves regeneration and prevents calcification in bio-hybrid vascular grafts via regulation of vascular stem/progenitor cells. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110981. [PMID: 35732119 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular bypass surgery continues to use autologous grafts and often suffers from a shortage of donor grafts. Decellularized xenografts derived from porcine veins provide a promising candidate because of their abundant availability and low immunogenicity. Unfortunately, transplantation outcomes are far from satisfactory because of insufficient regeneration and adverse pathologic remodeling. Herein, a nitrate-functionalized prosthesis has been incorporated into a decellularized porcine vein graft to fabricate a bio-hybrid vascular graft with local delivery of nitric oxide (NO). Exogenous NO efficiently promotes vascular regeneration and attenuates intimal hyperplasia and vascular calcification in both rabbit and mouse models. The underlying mechanism was investigated using a Sca1 2A-CreER; Rosa-RFP genetic-lineage-tracing mouse model that reveals that Sca1+ stem/progenitor cells (SPCs) are major contributors to vascular regeneration and remodeling, and NO plays a critical role in regulating SPC fate. These results support the translational potential of this off-the-shelf vascular graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Kang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Meng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shang Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yijin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jingli Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yongzhen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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29
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Shannon OM, Clifford T, Seals DR, Craighead DH, Rossman MJ. Nitric oxide, aging and aerobic exercise: Sedentary individuals to Master's athletes. Nitric Oxide 2022; 125-126:31-39. [PMID: 35705144 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in physiological function and exercise performance. These effects are mediated, at least in part, by an age-related decrease in the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), a ubiquitous gasotransmitter and regulator of myriad physiological processes. The decrease in NO bioavailability with aging is especially apparent in sedentary individuals, whereas older, physically active individuals maintain higher levels of NO with advancing age. Strategies which enhance NO bioavailability (including nutritional supplementation) have been proposed as a potential means of reducing the age-related decrease in physiological function and enhancing exercise performance and may be of interest to a range of older individuals including those taking part in competitive sport. In this brief review we discuss the effects of aging on physiological function and endurance exercise performance, and the potential role of changes in NO bioavailability in these processes. We also provide a summary of current evidence for dietary supplementation with substrates for NO production - including inorganic nitrate and nitrite, l-arginine and l-citrulline - for improving exercise capacity/performance in older adults. Additionally, we discuss the (limited) evidence on the effects of (poly)phenols and other dietary antioxidants on NO bioavailability in older individuals. Finally, we provide suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Tom Clifford
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Daniel H Craighead
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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30
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Katz-Brull R. Tolerance of Rodents to an Intravenous Bolus Injection of Sodium Nitrate in a High Concentration. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050794. [PMID: 35625522 PMCID: PMC9138515 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Nitrate is found in many foods and is a common metabolite that is supplied mostly through the diet. Recently, we have found that an analog of this compound, labeled with the stable isotope (non-radioactive) nitrogen-15, is a potentially useful contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as it does not include a metal component as most other MRI contrast agents. This analog was previously shown with a very high magnetic resonance signal, which is relatively long-lasting, when combined with the new adjunct technology to MRI called hyperpolarization. Prior to serving as a contrast agent for MRI in patients, this agent needs to be tested and validated in small animals. As a prerequisite to such studies, one must ensure that the injection of the naturally abundant agent (not labeled with any isotopes) will be tolerated by the animals. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the tolerance to an intravenous injection of sodium nitrate in rats and mice, as MRI contrast agents are routinely administered in this way. We have found that a high dose of sodium nitrate can be safely injected into rats and mice. This result opens the way for preclinical MRI studies with sodium nitrate. Abstract Nitrate, the inorganic anion NO3−, is found in many foods and is an endogenous mammalian metabolite, which is supplied mostly through the diet. Although much is known about the safety of sodium nitrate when given per os, methodological safety data on intravenous bolus injection of sodium nitrate to rodents are lacking. Recently, we have proposed a new use for nitrate, as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging that will be metal free and leave no traces in the body and the environment further to the imaging examination. It was shown that a stable isotope-labelled analog of this ion (15NO3−), in a sodium nitrate solution form and hyperpolarized state, produces a high magnetic resonance signal with prolonged visibility. Therefore, sodium nitrate was targeted for further preclinical development in this context. In the absence of methodological safety data on the potential effects of a high concentration sodium nitrate bolus intravenous injection into rodents, we carried out such an investigation in mice and rats (n = 12 of each, 6 males and 6 females in each group, altogether 24 animals). We show here that an intravenous bolus administration of sodium nitrate at a concentration of 150 mM and a dose of 51 mg/Kg does not lead to adverse effects in mice and rats. This is the first investigation of the tolerance of rodents to an intravenous injection of sodium nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Katz-Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Organization, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
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31
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Liu T, Schroeder H, Power GG, Blood AB. A physiologically relevant role for NO stored in vascular smooth muscle cells: A novel theory of vascular NO signaling. Redox Biol 2022; 53:102327. [PMID: 35605454 PMCID: PMC9126848 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosothiols (SNO), dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC), and nitroglycerine (NTG) dilate vessels via activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) in vascular smooth muscle cells. Although these compounds are often considered to be nitric oxide (NO) donors, attempts to ascribe their vasodilatory activity to NO-donating properties have failed. Even more puzzling, many of these compounds have vasodilatory potency comparable to or even greater than that of NO itself, despite low membrane permeability. This raises the question: How do these NO adducts activate cytosolic sGC when their NO moiety is still outside the cell? In this review, we classify these compounds as ‘nitrodilators’, defined by their potent NO-mimetic vasoactivities despite not releasing requisite amounts of free NO. We propose that nitrodilators activate sGC via a preformed nitrodilator-activated NO store (NANOS) found within the vascular smooth muscle cell. We reinterpret vascular NO handling in the framework of this NANOS paradigm, and describe the knowledge gaps and perspectives of this novel model.
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32
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Sandra I, Verri T, Filice M, Barca A, Schiavone R, Gattuso A, Cerra MC. Shaping the cardiac response to hypoxia: NO and its partners in teleost fish. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:193-202. [PMID: 35434651 PMCID: PMC9010694 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduced availability of dissolved oxygen is a common stressor in aquatic habitats that affects the ability of the heart to ensure tissue oxygen supply. Among key signalling molecules activated during cardiac hypoxic stress, nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a central player involved in the related adaptive responses. Here, we outline the role of the nitrergic control in modulating tolerance and adaptation of teleost heart to hypoxia, as well as major molecular players that participate in the complex NO network. The purpose is to provide a framework in which to depict how the heart deals with limitations in oxygen supply. In this perspective, defining the relational interplay between the multiple (sets of) proteins that, due to the gene duplication events that occurred during the teleost fish evolutive radiation, do operate in parallel with similar functions in the (different) heart (districts) and other body districts under low levels of oxygen supply, represents a next goal of the comparative research in teleost fish cardiac physiology. The flexibility of the teleost heart to O2 limitations is illustrated by using cyprinids as hypoxia tolerance models. Major molecular mediators of the teleost cardiac response are discussed with a focus on the nitrergic system. A comparative analysis of gene duplication highlights conserved targets which may orchestrate the cardiac response to hypoxia.
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33
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Keller TCS, Lechauve C, Keller AS, Brooks S, Weiss MJ, Columbus L, Ackerman H, Cortese-Krott MM, Isakson BE. The role of globins in cardiovascular physiology. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:859-892. [PMID: 34486392 PMCID: PMC8799389 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Globin proteins exist in every cell type of the vasculature, from erythrocytes to endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and peripheral nerve cells. Many globin subtypes are also expressed in muscle tissues (including cardiac and skeletal muscle), in other organ-specific cell types, and in cells of the central nervous system (CNS). The ability of each of these globins to interact with molecular oxygen (O2) and nitric oxide (NO) is preserved across these contexts. Endothelial α-globin is an example of extraerythrocytic globin expression. Other globins, including myoglobin, cytoglobin, and neuroglobin, are observed in other vascular tissues. Myoglobin is observed primarily in skeletal muscle and smooth muscle cells surrounding the aorta or other large arteries. Cytoglobin is found in vascular smooth muscle but can also be expressed in nonvascular cell types, especially in oxidative stress conditions after ischemic insult. Neuroglobin was first observed in neuronal cells, and its expression appears to be restricted mainly to the CNS and the peripheral nervous system. Brain and CNS neurons expressing neuroglobin are positioned close to many arteries within the brain parenchyma and can control smooth muscle contraction and thus tissue perfusion and vascular reactivity. Overall, reactions between NO and globin heme iron contribute to vascular homeostasis by regulating vasodilatory NO signals and scavenging reactive species in cells of the mammalian vascular system. Here, we discuss how globin proteins affect vascular physiology, with a focus on NO biology, and offer perspectives for future study of these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Stevenson Keller
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Christophe Lechauve
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Alexander S Keller
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Steven Brooks
- Physiology Unit, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mitchell J Weiss
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Linda Columbus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Hans Ackerman
- Physiology Unit, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Stamm P, Kalinovic S, Oelze M, Steven S, Czarnowski A, Kvandova M, Bayer F, Reinhardt C, Münzel T, Daiber A. Mechanistic Insights into Inorganic Nitrite-Mediated Vasodilation of Isolated Aortic Rings under Oxidative/Hypertensive Conditions and S-Nitros(yl)ation of Proteins in Germ-Free Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030730. [PMID: 35327532 PMCID: PMC8945819 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and clinical importance of arterial hypertension are still growing. Inorganic nitrite (NO2-) represents an attractive dietary antihypertensive agent, but its metabolism and mode of action, which we aimed to investigate with the present study, are not completely understood. Isolated aortic rings from rats were treated ex vivo with oxidants, and rats were infused in vivo with angiotensin-II. Vascular responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and nitrite were assessed by isometric tension recording. The loss of vasodilatory potency in response to oxidants was much more pronounced for ACh as compared to nitrite ex vivo (but not in vivo with angiotensin-II). This effect may be caused by the redox regulation of conversion to xanthine oxidase (XO). Conventionally raised and germ-free mice were treated with nitrite by gavage, which did not improve ACh-mediated vasodilation, but did increase the plasma levels of S-nitros(yl)ated proteins in the conventionally-raised, but not in the germ-free mice. In conclusion, inorganic nitrite represents a dietary drug option to treat arterial hypertension in addition to already established pharmacological treatment. Short-term oxidative stress did not impair the vasodilatory properties of nitrite, which may be beneficial in cardiovascular disease patients. The gastrointestinal microbiome appears to play a key role in nitrite metabolism and bioactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Stamm
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.S.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Sanela Kalinovic
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.S.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.S.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.S.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis Mainz, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Alexander Czarnowski
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.S.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Miroslava Kvandova
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.S.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Franziska Bayer
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis Mainz, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis Mainz, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.S.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (A.D.); Tel.: +49-6131-17-6280 (A.D.)
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.S.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (A.D.); Tel.: +49-6131-17-6280 (A.D.)
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Wang Y, Chen W, Zhou J, Wang Y, Wang H, Wang Y. Nitrate Metabolism and Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:735181. [PMID: 35309590 PMCID: PMC8927699 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.735181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic and organic nitrates are present in vivo and in vitro. Inorganic nitrate is considered a pool of nitric oxide (NO), but it can be converted into nitrite and NO through various mechanisms. It plays an important role in the regulation of complex physiological and biochemical reactions, such as anti-inflammatory processes and the inhibition of platelet aggregation, which are closely related to the pathology and treatment of cerebrovascular disease. Ischemic cerebrovascular disease is characterized by high incidence, recurrence, and disability rates. Nitrate, nitrite, and NO were recently found to be involved in cerebrovascular disease. In this review, we describe the relationship between cerebrovascular disease and nitrate metabolism to provide a basis for further advances in laboratory and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing, China
- School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Wang
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing, China
- Yilong Wang
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Penjweini R, Roarke B, Alspaugh G, Link KA, Andreoni A, Mori MP, Hwang PM, Sackett DL, Knutson JR. Intracellular imaging of metmyoglobin and oxygen using new dual purpose probe EYFP-Myoglobin-mCherry. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100166. [PMID: 34689421 PMCID: PMC8901566 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The biological relevance of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in signaling, metabolic regulation, and disease treatment has become abundantly clear. The dramatic change in NO/ROS processing that accompanies a changing oxygen landscape calls for new imaging tools that can provide cellular details about both [O2 ] and the production of reactive species. Myoglobin oxidation to the met state by NO/ROS is a known sensor with absorbance changes in the visible range. We previously employed Förster resonance energy transfer to read out the deoxygenation/oxygenation of myoglobin, creating the subcellular [O2 ] sensor Myoglobin-mCherry. We now add the fluorescent protein EYFP to this sensor to create a novel probe that senses both met formation, a proxy for ROS/NO exposure, and [O2 ]. Since both proteins are present in the construct, it can also relieve users from the need to measure fluorescence lifetime, making [O2 ] sensing available to a wider group of laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozhin Penjweini
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-1412
| | - Branden Roarke
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-1412
| | - Greg Alspaugh
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-1412
| | - Katie A. Link
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-1412
| | - Alessio Andreoni
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-1412
- Laboratory of Optical Neurophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Tupper Hall, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Mateus P. Mori
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cancer Genetics, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1412
| | - Paul M. Hwang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cancer Genetics, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1412
| | - Dan L. Sackett
- Cytoskeletal Dynamics Group, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda MD, 20892-0924
| | - Jay R. Knutson
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-1412
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Nitrite Concentration in the Striated Muscles Is Reversely Related to Myoglobin and Mitochondrial Proteins Content in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052686. [PMID: 35269826 PMCID: PMC8910716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are an important reservoir of nitric oxide (NO•) stored in the form of nitrite [NO2−] and nitrate [NO3−] (NOx). Nitrite, which can be reduced to NO• under hypoxic and acidotic conditions, is considered a physiologically relevant, direct source of bioactive NO•. The aim of the present study was to determine the basal levels of NOx in striated muscles (including rat heart and locomotory muscles) with varied contents of tissue nitrite reductases, such as myoglobin and mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins (ETC-proteins). Muscle NOx was determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography-based method. Muscle proteins were evaluated using western-immunoblotting. We found that oxidative muscles with a higher content of ETC-proteins and myoglobin (such as the heart and slow-twitch locomotory muscles) have lower [NO2−] compared to fast-twitch muscles with a lower content of those proteins. The muscle type had no observed effect on the [NO3−]. Our results demonstrated that fast-twitch muscles possess greater potential to generate NO• via nitrite reduction than slow-twitch muscles and the heart. This property might be of special importance for fast skeletal muscles during strenuous exercise and/or hypoxia since it might support muscle blood flow via additional NO• provision (acidic/hypoxic vasodilation) and delay muscle fatigue.
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38
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Heme oxygenase-1, carbon monoxide, and malaria – The interplay of chemistry and biology. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dudhe R, Dudhe AC, Raut SD. Significance of Inorganic Nitrate Supplement in Cardiovascular Health. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2022; 20:83-89. [PMID: 33906593 DOI: 10.2174/1871525719666210427130511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Nitric Oxide (NO) is frequently produced by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and is crucial for the control and effectiveness of the cardiovascular system. However, there is a substantial reduction in NOS activity with aging that can lead to the development of hypertension and other cardiovascular obstacles. Fortunately, NO can also be produced by sequential reduction of inorganic nitrates supplementation. This proves that NO from inorganic nitrate supplements can compensate for inadequate NOS activity, thus providing cardio protective benefits. DISCUSSION This review focuses on the general information about nitrous oxide, its types and mechanism of action and the fact that overview of inadequate NOS activity for cardio protective benefits was often studied for cardiovascular treatments. CONCLUSION We concluded that the natural plant NO is essential for cardiovascular activity to target site with desired concentration. Moreover, the researchers focused on evidence that suggested that nitrate supplementation could help regulate blood pressure, limit progression of atherosclerosis, and improve myocardial contractility in both healthy individuals and those with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Dudhe
- School of Pharmacy, G H Raisoni University, Saikheda, Chhindwara-480337, M.P., India
| | - Anshu C Dudhe
- School of Pharmacy, G H Raisoni University, Saikheda, Chhindwara-480337, M.P., India
| | - Shravan D Raut
- School of Pharmacy, G H Raisoni University, Saikheda, Chhindwara-480337, M.P., India
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Goshovska YV, Fedichkina RA, Korkach YP, Sagach VF. Stimulation of mitochondrial hydrogen sulfide and glutathione production improves the Frank-Starling response of the rat heart via a nitric oxide-dependent pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:53-60. [PMID: 34428378 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Frank-Starling response of the heart is known to be mediated by nitric oxide (NO) signaling, which is regulated by reduced glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). We hypothesized that stimulation of endogenous H2S or GSH synthesis would improve the Frank-Starling response. Wistar male rats were injected with propargylglycine (PAG; 11.3 mg/kg, 40 min, n = 12), an inhibitor of H2S-producing enzyme (cystationine-γ-lyase), and l-cysteine (121 mg/kg, 30 min, n = 20), a precursor of H2S and GSH. Pretreatment with PAG or l-cysteine separately slightly improved the pressure-volume (P-V) dependence of the isolated rat heart, but the combination of PAG and l-cysteine (n = 12) improved heart contractile activity. H2S content, Ca2+-dependent NOS activity (cNOS) activity, nitrate reductase activity, and nitrite content increased by 2, 3.83, 2.5, and 1.3 times in cardiac mitochondria, and GSH and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels increased by 2.24 and 1.86 times in the heart homogenates of the PAG + l-cysteine group compared with the control (all P < 0.05). Inhibition of glutathione with DL-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO; 22.2 mg/kg, 40 min, n = 6) drastically decreased Frank-Starling response of the heart and prevented PAG + l-cysteine-induced increase of GSH and GSSG levels (BSO + PAG + l-cysteine, n = 9). Inhibition of NOS, N-nitro-l-arginine-methylester hydrochloride (l-NAME; 40 min, 27 mg/kg) abolished positive inotropy induced by PAG+l-cysteine pretreatment (l-NAME + PAG + l-cysteine, n = 7). Thus, PAG + l-cysteine administration improves the Frank-Starling response by upregulating mitochondrial H2S, glutathione, and NO synthesis, which may be a promising approach in the treatment of myocardial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V Goshovska
- Department of Blood Circulation, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Blood Circulation, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Raisa A Fedichkina
- Department of Blood Circulation, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Blood Circulation, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yulia P Korkach
- Department of Blood Circulation, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Blood Circulation, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vadym F Sagach
- Department of Blood Circulation, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Blood Circulation, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Piknova B, Schechter AN, Park JW, Vanhatalo A, Jones AM. Skeletal Muscle Nitrate as a Regulator of Systemic Nitric Oxide Homeostasis. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2021; 50:2-13. [PMID: 34669624 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Non-enzymatic nitric oxide (NO) generation via the reduction of nitrate and nitrite ions, along with remarkably high levels of nitrate ions in skeletal muscle, have been recently described. Skeletal muscle nitrate storage may be critical for maintenance of NO homeostasis in healthy ageing and nitrate supplementation may be useful for treatment of specific pathophysiologies as well as enhancing normal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Piknova
- Molecular Medicine Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health,Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S. Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Leo F, Suvorava T, Heuser SK, Li J, LoBue A, Barbarino F, Piragine E, Schneckmann R, Hutzler B, Good ME, Fernandez BO, Vornholz L, Rogers S, Doctor A, Grandoch M, Stegbauer J, Weitzberg E, Feelisch M, Lundberg JO, Isakson BE, Kelm M, Cortese-Krott MM. Red Blood Cell and Endothelial eNOS Independently Regulate Circulating Nitric Oxide Metabolites and Blood Pressure. Circulation 2021; 144:870-889. [PMID: 34229449 PMCID: PMC8529898 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.049606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current paradigms suggest that nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial cells (ECs) through endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the vessel wall is the primary regulator of blood flow and blood pressure. However, red blood cells (RBCs) also carry a catalytically active eNOS, but its role is controversial and remains undefined. This study aimed to elucidate the functional significance of RBC eNOS compared with EC eNOS for vascular hemodynamics and nitric oxide metabolism. METHODS We generated tissue-specific loss- and gain-of-function models for eNOS by using cell-specific Cre-induced gene inactivation or reactivation. We created 2 founder lines carrying a floxed eNOS (eNOSflox/flox) for Cre-inducible knockout (KO), and gene construct with an inactivated floxed/inverted exon (eNOSinv/inv) for a Cre-inducible knock-in (KI), which respectively allow targeted deletion or reactivation of eNOS in erythroid cells (RBC eNOS KO or RBC eNOS KI mice) or in ECs (EC eNOS KO or EC eNOS KI mice). Vascular function, hemodynamics, and nitric oxide metabolism were compared ex vivo and in vivo. RESULTS The EC eNOS KOs exhibited significantly impaired aortic dilatory responses to acetylcholine, loss of flow-mediated dilation, and increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure. RBC eNOS KO mice showed no alterations in acetylcholine-mediated dilation or flow-mediated dilation but were hypertensive. Treatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nγ-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester further increased blood pressure in RBC eNOS KOs, demonstrating that eNOS in both ECs and RBCs contributes to blood pressure regulation. Although both EC eNOS KOs and RBC eNOS KOs had lower plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations, the levels of bound NO in RBCs were lower in RBC eNOS KOs than in EC eNOS KOs. Reactivation of eNOS in ECs or RBCs rescues the hypertensive phenotype of the eNOSinv/inv mice, whereas the levels of bound NO were restored only in RBC eNOS KI mice. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal that eNOS in ECs and RBCs contribute independently to blood pressure homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Leo
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Suvorava
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology (T.S., M.K., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sophia K. Heuser
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Junjie Li
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anthea LoBue
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frederik Barbarino
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Italy (F.P.)
| | - Eugenia Piragine
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rebekka Schneckmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology (R.S., M.G.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Beate Hutzler
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Miranda E. Good
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (M.E.G., B.E.I.)
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.E.G.)
| | - Bernadette O. Fernandez
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom (B.O.F.)
| | - Lukas Vornholz
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephen Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.R., A.D.)
| | - Allan Doctor
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.R., A.D.)
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology (R.S., M.G.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- Department of Nephrology (J.S.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (E.W., J.O.L., M.M.C.-K.)
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology (R.S., M.G.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Nephrology (J.S.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology (T.S., M.K., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (M.K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Italy (F.P.)
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (M.E.G., B.E.I.)
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.E.G.)
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom (B.O.F.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.R., A.D.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (E.W., J.O.L., M.M.C.-K.)
| | - Jon O. Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (E.W., J.O.L., M.M.C.-K.)
| | - Brant E. Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (M.E.G., B.E.I.)
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology (T.S., M.K., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (M.K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Miriam M. Cortese-Krott
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology (F.L., T.S., S.K.H., J.L., A.L.B., F.B., E.P., B.H., L.V., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology (T.S., M.K., M.M.C.-K.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (E.W., J.O.L., M.M.C.-K.)
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The mediterranean way. Should elderly people eat leafy vegetables and beetroot to lower high blood pressure? Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:2613-2621. [PMID: 33389684 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Schwendimann L, Sivaprakasam I, Buvaneshwari S, Gurumurthy GP, Mishra S, Ruiz L, Sekhar M, Fleiss B, Riotte J, Mani S, Gressens P. Agricultural groundwater with high nitrates and dissolved salts given to pregnant mice alters brain development in the offspring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112635. [PMID: 34418854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is the main source of drinking water for a significant portion of the human population. In many agricultural areas, diffuse pollution such as high levels of total dissolved salts including nitrate, puts the quality of this resource at risk. However, the effect of exposure to these water contaminants on brain development is currently poorly understood. Here we characterised water from a borewell located in an intensely cultivated area (agricultural) or water from a borewell located in a nearby pristine forest. The agricultural borewell water was rich in nitrates with high total dissolved salts. We then studied the consequence of drinking the agricultural water on mouse brain development. For this, the agricultural borewell water or forest water was given to mice for 6 weeks before and during pregnancy and lactation. The brains of the offspring born to these dams were analysed at postnatal day (P)5 and P21 and compared using immunohistochemistry for changes in glial cells, neurons, myelin, and cell death across many brain regions. Brains from offspring born to dams who had been given agricultural water (versus forest control water) were significantly smaller, and at P21 had a significant degeneration of neurons and increased numbers of microglia in the motor cortex, had fewer white matter astrocytes and an increase in cell death, particularly in the dentate gyrus. This study shows that brain development is sensitive to water composition. It points to the importance of assessing neurodevelopmental delays when considering the effect of water contaminated with agricultural run offs on human health. MAIN FINDING: Pregnant and lactating mice were given borewell water from intensely cultivated land. Offspring brains reveal degeneration of neurons and a loss of astrocytes, increase in microglial cells and cell death, pointing to neurodevelopmental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gundiga P Gurumurthy
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP), Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saumya Mishra
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Laurent Ruiz
- Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; GET, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, CNES, 31400 Toulouse, France; INRAE, Institut Agro, UMR SAS, Rennes, France
| | - Muddu Sekhar
- Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Bobbi Fleiss
- Université de Paris, Inserm UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, F-75019 Paris, France; RMIT University, STEM College, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jean Riotte
- Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; GET, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, CNES, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Shyamala Mani
- Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Université de Paris, Inserm UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, F-75019 Paris, France.
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Eriksson KE, Eidhagen F, Liska J, Franco-Cereceda A, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E. Effects of inorganic nitrate on ischaemia-reperfusion injury after coronary artery bypass surgery. Br J Anaesth 2021; 127:547-555. [PMID: 34399982 PMCID: PMC8524391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system with protective properties in ischaemia–reperfusion injury. Inorganic nitrate, an oxidation product of endogenous NO production and a constituent in our diet, can be recycled back to bioactive NO. We investigated if preoperative administration of inorganic nitrate could reduce troponin T release and other plasma markers of injury to the heart, liver, kidney, and brain in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods This single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included 82 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Oral sodium nitrate (700 mg×2) or placebo (NaCl) were administered before surgery. Biomarkers of ischaemia–reperfusion injury and plasma nitrate and nitrite were collected before and up to 72 h after surgery. Troponin T release was our predefined primary endpoint and biomarkers of renal, liver, and brain injury were secondary endpoints. Results Plasma concentrations of nitrate and nitrite were elevated in nitrate-treated patients compared with placebo. The 72-h release of troponin T did not differ between groups. Other plasma biomarkers of organ injury were also similar between groups. Blood loss was not a predefined outcome parameter, but perioperative bleeding was 18% less in nitrate-treated patients compared with controls. Conclusion Preoperative administration of inorganic nitrate did not influence troponin T release or other plasma biomarkers of organ injury in cardiac surgery. Clinical trial registration NCT01348971.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin E Eriksson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Fredrik Eidhagen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Center for Spine Surgery (RKC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Liska
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Grossi L, Casadei R. The crucial role of non-enzymatic NO-production in plants. An EPR study. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 188:112794. [PMID: 34022441 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines and polyamides have a fundamental role in the biology of plants, and the presence of NO seems compulsory to account for their actions. In general, the NO production has claimed to occur through an enzymatic process, but not involving polyamines and polyamides. Nevertheless, a non-enzymatic mechanism, such as an electron transfer process among polyamines or polyamides and an acid nitrite solution, could account for rapid production of NO, even in anoxic conditions. EPR experiments, carried out with these substrates, proved the formation of NO. This evidence supports a non-enzymatic mechanism as an alternative source of NO, even in plants. So, since the NO production seems directly dependent on polyamines or polyamides presence, and these responsible for many activities in plants, it comes plausibly to consider crucial the involvement of NO in their actions. Furthermore, as for mammals, these results would confirm that, even in plants, NO production can occur through both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Grossi
- Dipartimento di "Scienze per la Qualità della Vita" - Università di Bologna, Campus di Rimini, Corso d'Augusto, 237 I-47921, Rimini, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Casadei
- Dipartimento di "Scienze per la Qualità della Vita" - Università di Bologna, Campus di Rimini, Corso d'Augusto, 237 I-47921, Rimini, Italy.
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Zhu D, Hou J, Qian M, Jin D, Hao T, Pan Y, Wang H, Wu S, Liu S, Wang F, Wu L, Zhong Y, Yang Z, Che Y, Shen J, Kong D, Yin M, Zhao Q. Nitrate-functionalized patch confers cardioprotection and improves heart repair after myocardial infarction via local nitric oxide delivery. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4501. [PMID: 34301958 PMCID: PMC8302626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived signaling molecule that plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular system. Organic nitrates represent a class of NO-donating drugs for treating coronary artery diseases, acting through the vasodilation of systemic vasculature that often leads to adverse effects. Herein, we design a nitrate-functionalized patch, wherein the nitrate pharmacological functional groups are covalently bound to biodegradable polymers, thus transforming small-molecule drugs into therapeutic biomaterials. When implanted onto the myocardium, the patch releases NO locally through a stepwise biotransformation, and NO generation is remarkably enhanced in infarcted myocardium because of the ischemic microenvironment, which gives rise to mitochondrial-targeted cardioprotection as well as enhanced cardiac repair. The therapeutic efficacy is further confirmed in a clinically relevant porcine model of myocardial infarction. All these results support the translational potential of this functional patch for treating ischemic heart disease by therapeutic mechanisms different from conventional organic nitrate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashuai Zhu
- State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingli Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Qian
- State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dawei Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Hao
- State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjun Pan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - He Wang
- State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuting Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lanping Wu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumin Zhong
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongzhe Che
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Shen
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Deling Kong
- State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Yin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- Zhengzhou Cardiovascular Hospital and 7th People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
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Chemotherapy-Induced Myopathy: The Dark Side of the Cachexia Sphere. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143615. [PMID: 34298829 PMCID: PMC8304349 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In addition to cancer-related factors, anti-cancer chemotherapy treatment can drive life-threatening body wasting in a syndrome known as cachexia. Emerging evidence has described the impact of several key chemotherapeutic agents on skeletal muscle in particular, and the mechanisms are gradually being unravelled. Despite this evidence, there remains very little research regarding therapeutic strategies to protect muscle during anti-cancer treatment and current global grand challenges focused on deciphering the cachexia conundrum fail to consider this aspect—chemotherapy-induced myopathy remains very much on the dark side of the cachexia sphere. This review explores the impact and mechanisms of, and current investigative strategies to protect against, chemotherapy-induced myopathy to illuminate this serious issue. Abstract Cancer cachexia is a debilitating multi-factorial wasting syndrome characterised by severe skeletal muscle wasting and dysfunction (i.e., myopathy). In the oncology setting, cachexia arises from synergistic insults from both cancer–host interactions and chemotherapy-related toxicity. The majority of studies have surrounded the cancer–host interaction side of cancer cachexia, often overlooking the capability of chemotherapy to induce cachectic myopathy. Accumulating evidence in experimental models of cachexia suggests that some chemotherapeutic agents rapidly induce cachectic myopathy, although the underlying mechanisms responsible vary between agents. Importantly, we highlight the capacity of specific chemotherapeutic agents to induce cachectic myopathy, as not all chemotherapies have been evaluated for cachexia-inducing properties—alone or in clinically compatible regimens. Furthermore, we discuss the experimental evidence surrounding therapeutic strategies that have been evaluated in chemotherapy-induced cachexia models, with particular focus on exercise interventions and adjuvant therapeutic candidates targeted at the mitochondria.
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Cialoni D, Brizzolari A, Samaja M, Bosco G, Paganini M, Sponsiello N, Lancellotti V, Marroni A. Endothelial Nitric Oxide Production and Antioxidant Response in Breath-Hold Diving: Genetic Predisposition or Environment Related? Front Physiol 2021; 12:692204. [PMID: 34305646 PMCID: PMC8300565 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.692204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential signaling molecule modulating the endothelial adaptation during breath-hold diving (BH-diving). This study aimed to investigate changes in NO derivatives (NOx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), searching for correlations with different environmental and hyperbaric exposure. Materials and methods Blood samples were obtained from 50 breath-hold divers (BH-divers) before, and 30 and 60 min after the end of training sessions performed both in a swimming pool or the sea. Samples were tested for NOx and TAC differences in different groups related to their hyperbaric exposure, experience, and additional genetic polymorphism. Results We found statistically significant differences in NOx plasma concentration during the follow-up (decrease at T30 and increase at T60) compared with the pre-dive values. At T30, we found a significantly lower decrease of NOx in subjects with a higher diving experience, but no difference was detected between the swimming pool and Sea. No significant difference was found in TAC levels, as well as between NOx and TAC levels and the genetic variants. Conclusion These data showed how NO consumption in BH-diving is significantly lower in the expert group, indicating a possible training-related adaptation process. Data confirm a significant NO use during BH-diving, compatible with the well-known BH-diving related circulatory adaptation suggesting that the reduction in NOx 30 min after diving can be ascribed to the lower NO availability in the first few minutes after the dives. Expert BH-divers suffered higher oxidative stress. A preliminary genetic investigation seems to indicate a less significant influence of genetic predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Cialoni
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy.,DAN Europe Research Division, DAN Europe Foundation, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy.,Apnea Academy Research, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Brizzolari
- DAN Europe Research Division, DAN Europe Foundation, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gerardo Bosco
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Paganini
- Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Lancellotti
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marroni
- DAN Europe Research Division, DAN Europe Foundation, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy
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Melatonin, Its Metabolites and Their Interference with Reactive Nitrogen Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134105. [PMID: 34279445 PMCID: PMC8271479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin and several of its metabolites are interfering with reactive nitrogen. With the notion of prevailing melatonin formation in tissues that exceeds by far the quantities in blood, metabolites come into focus that are poorly found in the circulation. Apart from their antioxidant actions, both melatonin and N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK) downregulate inducible and inhibit neuronal NO synthases, and additionally scavenge NO. However, the NO adduct of melatonin redonates NO, whereas AMK forms with NO a stable product. Many other melatonin metabolites formed in oxidative processes also contain nitrosylatable sites. Moreover, AMK readily scavenges products of the CO2-adduct of peroxynitrite such as carbonate radicals and NO2. Protein AMKylation seems to be involved in protective actions.
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