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Gutgesell M, McCann K, O'Connor R, Kc K, Fraser EDG, Moore JC, McMeans B, Donohue I, Bieg C, Ward C, Pauli B, Scott A, Gillam W, Gedalof Z, Hanner RH, Tunney T, Rooney N. The productivity-stability trade-off in global food systems. Nat Ecol Evol 2024:10.1038/s41559-024-02529-y. [PMID: 39227681 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Historically, humans have managed food systems to maximize productivity. This pursuit has drastically modified terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems globally by reducing species diversity and body size while creating very productive, yet homogenized, environments. Such changes alter the structure and function of ecosystems in ways that ultimately erode their stability. This productivity-stability trade-off has largely been ignored in discussions around global food security. Here, we synthesize empirical and theoretical literature to demonstrate the existence of the productivity-stability trade-off and argue the need for its explicit incorporation in the sustainable management of food systems. We first explore the history of human management of food systems, its impacts on average body size within and across species and food web stability. We then demonstrate how reductions in body size are symptomatic of a broader biotic homogenization and rewiring of food webs. We show how this biotic homogenization decompartmentalizes interactions among energy channels and increases energy flux within the food web in ways that threaten their stability. We end by synthesizing large-scale ecological studies to demonstrate the prevalence of the productivity-stability trade-off. We conclude that management strategies promoting landscape heterogeneity and maintenance of key food web structures are critical to sustainable food production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Krishna Kc
- University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - John C Moore
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Bailey McMeans
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Brett Pauli
- University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexa Scott
- University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Tyler Tunney
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Neil Rooney
- University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Feng X, Peterson AT, Aguirre-López LJ, Burger JR, Chen X, Papeş M. Rethinking ecological niches and geographic distributions in face of pervasive human influence in the Anthropocene. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1481-1503. [PMID: 38597328 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Species are distributed in predictable ways in geographic spaces. The three principal factors that determine geographic distributions of species are biotic interactions (B), abiotic conditions (A), and dispersal ability or mobility (M). A species is expected to be present in areas that are accessible to it and that contain suitable sets of abiotic and biotic conditions for it to persist. A species' probability of presence can be quantified as a combination of responses to B, A, and M via ecological niche modeling (ENM; also frequently referred to as species distribution modeling or SDM). This analytical approach has been used broadly in ecology and biogeography, as well as in conservation planning and decision-making, but commonly in the context of 'natural' settings. However, it is increasingly recognized that human impacts, including changes in climate, land cover, and ecosystem function, greatly influence species' geographic ranges. In this light, historical distinctions between natural and anthropogenic factors have become blurred, and a coupled human-natural landscape is recognized as the new norm. Therefore, B, A, and M (BAM) factors need to be reconsidered to understand and quantify species' distributions in a world with a pervasive signature of human impacts. Here, we present a framework, termed human-influenced BAM (Hi-BAM, for distributional ecology that (i) conceptualizes human impacts in the form of six drivers, and (ii) synthesizes previous studies to show how each driver modifies the natural BAM and species' distributions. Given the importance and prevalence of human impacts on species distributions globally, we also discuss implications of this framework for ENM/SDM methods, and explore strategies by which to incorporate increasing human impacts in the methodology. Human impacts are redefining biogeographic patterns; as such, future studies should incorporate signals of human impacts integrally in modeling and forecasting species' distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Feng
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph R Burger
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40502, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, MD, 21532, USA
| | - Monica Papeş
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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3
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Piñeiro-Corbeira C, Barrientos S, Provera I, García ME, Díaz-Tapia P, Peña V, Bárbara I, Barreiro R. Kelp forests collapse reduces understorey seaweed β-diversity. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:93-104. [PMID: 37815049 PMCID: PMC10921829 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Kelps are the primary foundation species in temperate subtidal rocky shores worldwide. However, global change is causing their decline with consequences for the organisms that rely on them. An accurate assessment of these consequences may depend on which attributes of the associated community are considered. This study shows that conventional α-diversity approaches may overlook some of these consequences compared to spatially explicit approaches such as with β-diversity. METHODS A 1-year seasonal study was conducted to compare the macroalgal understorey between healthy reefs with a Laminaria ochroleuca canopy and degraded reefs where the canopy collapsed years ago due to excessive fish herbivory. At each reef, the understorey seaweed assemblage was recorded in five replicate quadrats to estimate α-diversity (total richness, species density, Shannon index) and β-diversity (intra- and inter-reef scale). KEY RESULTS The understorey assemblage exhibited a distinct seasonal dynamic in both healthy and degraded reefs. α-Diversity attributes increased in spring and summer; turf-forming algae were particularly dominant in degraded reefs during summer. β-Diversity also showed seasonal variability, but mostly due to the changes in degraded reefs. None of the α-diversity estimates differed significantly between healthy and degraded reefs. In contrast, spatial β-diversity was significantly lower in degraded reefs. CONCLUSIONS Although the loss of the kelp canopy affected the composition of the macroalgal understorey, none of the conventional indicators of α-diversity detected significant differences between healthy and degraded reefs. In contrast, small-scale spatial β-diversity decreased significantly as a result of deforestation, suggesting that the loss of kelp canopy may not significantly affect the number of species but still have an effect on their spatial arrangement. Our results suggest that small-scale β-diversity may be a good proxy for a more comprehensive assessment of the consequences of kelp forest decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Piñeiro-Corbeira
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias, and CICA – Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sara Barrientos
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias, and CICA – Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Isabella Provera
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Manuel E García
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Pilar Díaz-Tapia
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias, and CICA – Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, Paseo Marítimo Alcalde Francisco Vázquez, 10, 15001, Coruña, Spain
| | - Viviana Peña
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias, and CICA – Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bárbara
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias, and CICA – Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Barreiro
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias, and CICA – Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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4
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Mintrone C, Rindi L, Benedetti-Cecchi L. Stabilizing effects of spatially heterogeneous disturbance via reduced spatial synchrony on a rocky shore community. Ecology 2024; 105:e4246. [PMID: 38286517 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how synchronous species fluctuations affect community stability is a main research topic in ecology. Yet experimental studies evaluating how changes in disturbance regimes affect the synchrony and stability of populations and communities remain rare. We hypothesized that spatially heterogeneous disturbances of moderate intensity would promote metacommunity stability by decreasing the spatial synchrony of species fluctuations. To test this hypothesis, we exposed rocky shore communities of algae and invertebrates to homogeneous and gradient-like spatial patterns of disturbance at two levels of intensity for 4 years and used synchrony networks to characterize community responses to these disturbances. The gradient-like disturbance at low intensity enhanced spatial β diversity compared to the other treatments and produced the most heterogeneous and least synchronized network, which was also the most stable in terms of population and community fluctuations. In contrast, homogeneous disturbance destabilized the community, enhancing spatial synchronization. Intense disturbances always reduced spatial β diversity, indicating that strong perturbations could destabilize communities via biotic homogenization regardless of their spatial structure. Our findings corroborated theoretical predictions, emphasizing the importance of spatially heterogeneous disturbances in promoting stability by amplifying asynchronous spatial and temporal fluctuations in population and community abundance. In contrast to other networks, synchrony networks are vulnerable to the removal of most peripheral nodes, which are less synchronized, but may contribute more to stability than other nodes by dampening large fluctuations in species abundance. Our findings suggest that climate change and direct anthropogenic disturbance can compromise the stability of ecological communities through combined effects on diversity and synchrony, as well as further affecting ecosystems through habitat loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Mintrone
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- CoNISMa, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Rindi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- CoNISMa, Rome, Italy
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5
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Maureaud AA, Palacios-Abrantes J, Kitchel Z, Mannocci L, Pinsky ML, Fredston A, Beukhof E, Forrest DL, Frelat R, Palomares MLD, Pecuchet L, Thorson JT, van Denderen PD, Mérigot B. FISHGLOB_data: an integrated dataset of fish biodiversity sampled with scientific bottom-trawl surveys. Sci Data 2024; 11:24. [PMID: 38177193 PMCID: PMC10766603 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02866-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Scientific bottom-trawl surveys are ecological observation programs conducted along continental shelves and slopes of seas and oceans that sample marine communities associated with the seafloor. These surveys report taxa occurrence, abundance and/or weight in space and time, and contribute to fisheries management as well as population and biodiversity research. Bottom-trawl surveys are conducted all over the world and represent a unique opportunity to understand ocean biogeography, macroecology, and global change. However, combining these data together for cross-ecosystem analyses remains challenging. Here, we present an integrated dataset of 29 publicly available bottom-trawl surveys conducted in national waters of 18 countries that are standardized and pre-processed, covering a total of 2,170 sampled fish taxa and 216,548 hauls collected from 1963 to 2021. We describe the processing steps to create the dataset, flags, and standardization methods that we developed to assist users in conducting spatio-temporal analyses with stable regional survey footprints. The aim of this dataset is to support research, marine conservation, and management in the context of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore A Maureaud
- Center for Biodiversity & Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Juliano Palacios-Abrantes
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans & Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zoë Kitchel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Laura Mannocci
- FRB-CESAB, Montpellier, France
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, Sète, France
| | - Malin L Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Alexa Fredston
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Esther Beukhof
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniel L Forrest
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Romain Frelat
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Maria L D Palomares
- Sea Around Us, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - James T Thorson
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P Daniël van Denderen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA
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6
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Gaüzère P, Botella C, Poggiato G, O'Connor L, Di Marco M, Dragonetti C, Maiorano L, Renaud J, Thuiller W. Dissimilarity of vertebrate trophic interactions reveals spatial uniqueness but functional redundancy across Europe. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5263-5271.e3. [PMID: 37992717 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Identifying areas that contain species assemblages not found elsewhere in a region is central to conservation planning.1,2 Species assemblages contain networks of species interactions that underpin species dynamics,3,4 ecosystem processes, and contributions to people.5,6,7 Yet the uniqueness of interaction networks in a regional context has rarely been assessed. Here, we estimated the spatial uniqueness of 10,000 terrestrial vertebrate trophic networks across Europe (1,164 species, 50,408 potential interactions8) based on the amount of similarity between all local networks mapped at a 10 km resolution. Our results revealed more unique networks in the Arctic bioregion, but also in southern Europe and isolated islands. We then contrasted the uniqueness of trophic networks with their vulnerability to human footprint and future climate change and measured their coverage within protected areas. This analysis revealed that unique networks situated in southern Europe were particularly exposed to human footprint and that unique networks in the Arctic might be at risk from future climate change. However, considering interaction networks at the level of trophic groups, rather than species, revealed that the general structure of trophic networks was redundant across the continent, in contrast to species' interactions. We argue that proactive European conservation strategies might gain relevance by turning their eyes toward interaction networks that are both unique and vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gaüzère
- University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Giovanni Poggiato
- University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Louise O'Connor
- University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France; Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation Group, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Moreno Di Marco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin," "Sapienza," University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Dragonetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin," "Sapienza," University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin," "Sapienza," University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Julien Renaud
- University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
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7
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Thompson MSA, Couce E, Schratzberger M, Lynam CP. Climate change affects the distribution of diversity across marine food webs. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:6606-6619. [PMID: 37814904 PMCID: PMC10946503 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Many studies predict shifts in species distributions and community size composition in response to climate change, yet few have demonstrated how these changes will be distributed across marine food webs. We use Bayesian Additive Regression Trees to model how climate change will affect the habitat suitability of marine fish species across a range of body sizes and belonging to different feeding guilds, each with different habitat and feeding requirements in the northeast Atlantic shelf seas. Contrasting effects of climate change are predicted for feeding guilds, with spatially extensive decreases in the species richness of consumers lower in the food web (planktivores) but increases for those higher up (piscivores). Changing spatial patterns in predator-prey mass ratios and fish species size composition are also predicted for feeding guilds and across the fish assemblage. In combination, these changes could influence nutrient uptake and transformation, transfer efficiency and food web stability, and thus profoundly alter ecosystem structure and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray S. A. Thompson
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas)Lowestoft LaboratoryLowestoftUK
| | - Elena Couce
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas)Lowestoft LaboratoryLowestoftUK
| | - Michaela Schratzberger
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas)Lowestoft LaboratoryLowestoftUK
| | - Christopher P. Lynam
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas)Lowestoft LaboratoryLowestoftUK
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8
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Fagan B, Pitchford JW, Stepney S, Thomas CD. Increased dispersal explains increasing local diversity with global biodiversity declines. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:6713-6726. [PMID: 37819684 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The narrative of biodiversity decline in response to human impacts is overly simplistic because different aspects of biodiversity show different trajectories at different spatial scales. It is also debated whether human-caused biodiversity changes lead to subsequent, accelerating change (cascades) in ecological communities, or alternatively build increasingly robust community networks with decreasing extinction rates and reduced invasibility. Mechanistic approaches are needed that simultaneously reconcile different aspects of biodiversity change, and explore the robustness of communities to further change. We develop a trophically structured, mainland-archipelago metacommunity model of community assembly. Varying the parameters across model simulations shows that local alpha diversity (the number of species per island) and regional gamma diversity (the total number of species in the archipelago) depend on both the rate of extirpation per island and on the rate of dispersal between islands within the archipelago. In particular, local diversity increases with increased dispersal and heterogeneity between islands, but regional diversity declines because the islands become biotically similar and local one-island and few-island species are excluded (homogenisation, or reduced beta diversity). This mirrors changes observed empirically: real islands have gained species (increased local and island-scale community diversity) with increased human-assisted transfers of species, but global diversity has declined with the loss of endemic species. However, biological invasions may be self-limiting. High-dispersal, high local-diversity model communities become resistant to subsequent invasions, generating robust species-community networks unless dispersal is extremely high. A mixed-up world is likely to lose many species, but the resulting ecological communities may nonetheless be relatively robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennen Fagan
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Mathematics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Jon W Pitchford
- Department of Mathematics, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Susan Stepney
- Department of Computer Science, University of York, York, UK
| | - Chris D Thomas
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
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9
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Beck M, Cailleton C, Guidi L, Desnos C, Jalabert L, Elineau A, Stemmann L, Ayata SD, Irisson JO. Morphological diversity increases with decreasing resources along a zooplankton time series. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20232109. [PMID: 38018115 PMCID: PMC10685124 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity is studied notably because of its reciprocal relationship with ecosystem functions such as production. Diversity is traditionally described from a taxonomic, genetic or functional point of view but the diversity in organism morphology is seldom explicitly considered, except for body size. We describe morphological diversity of marine zooplankton seasonally and over 12 years using quantitative imaging of weekly plankton samples, in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. We extract 45 morphological features on greater than 800 000 individuals, which we summarize into four main morphological traits (size, transparency, circularity and shape complexity). In this morphological space, we define objective morphological groups and, from those, compute morphological diversity indices (richness, evenness and divergence) using metrics originally defined for functional diversity. On both time scales, morphological diversity increased when nutritive resources and plankton concentrations were low, thus matching the theoretical reciprocal relationship. Over the long term at least, this diversity increase was not fully attributable to taxonomic diversity changes. The decline in the most common plankton forms and the increase in morphological variance and in extreme morphologies suggest a mechanism akin to specialization under low production, with likely consequences for trophic structure and carbon flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Beck
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Caroline Cailleton
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Lionel Guidi
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Corinne Desnos
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de la mer de Villefranche, IMEV, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Laetitia Jalabert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de la mer de Villefranche, IMEV, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Amanda Elineau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de la mer de Villefranche, IMEV, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Lars Stemmann
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Sakina-Dorothée Ayata
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentation et Analyses Numériques, LOCEAN-IPSL, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Olivier Irisson
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
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10
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Fredston AL, Cheung WWL, Frölicher TL, Kitchel ZJ, Maureaud AA, Thorson JT, Auber A, Mérigot B, Palacios-Abrantes J, Palomares MLD, Pecuchet L, Shackell NL, Pinsky ML. Marine heatwaves are not a dominant driver of change in demersal fishes. Nature 2023; 621:324-329. [PMID: 37648851 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves have been linked to negative ecological effects in recent decades1,2. If marine heatwaves regularly induce community reorganization and biomass collapses in fishes, the consequences could be catastrophic for ecosystems, fisheries and human communities3,4. However, the extent to which marine heatwaves have negative impacts on fish biomass or community composition, or even whether their effects can be distinguished from natural and sampling variability, remains unclear. We investigated the effects of 248 sea-bottom heatwaves from 1993 to 2019 on marine fishes by analysing 82,322 hauls (samples) from long-term scientific surveys of continental shelf ecosystems in North America and Europe spanning the subtropics to the Arctic. Here we show that the effects of marine heatwaves on fish biomass were often minimal and could not be distinguished from natural and sampling variability. Furthermore, marine heatwaves were not consistently associated with tropicalization (gain of warm-affiliated species) or deborealization (loss of cold-affiliated species) in these ecosystems. Although steep declines in biomass occasionally occurred after marine heatwaves, these were the exception, not the rule. Against the highly variable backdrop of ocean ecosystems, marine heatwaves have not driven biomass change or community turnover in fish communities that support many of the world's largest and most productive fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa L Fredston
- Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| | - William W L Cheung
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Thomas L Frölicher
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zoë J Kitchel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Aurore A Maureaud
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James T Thorson
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Arnaud Auber
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MER (Ifremer), Unité Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | | | - Juliano Palacios-Abrantes
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maria Lourdes D Palomares
- Sea Around Us, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Nancy L Shackell
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Malin L Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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11
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Rolls RJ, Deane DC, Johnson SE, Heino J, Anderson MJ, Ellingsen KE. Biotic homogenisation and differentiation as directional change in beta diversity: synthesising driver-response relationships to develop conceptual models across ecosystems. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1388-1423. [PMID: 37072381 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Biotic homogenisation is defined as decreasing dissimilarity among ecological assemblages sampled within a given spatial area over time. Biotic differentiation, in turn, is defined as increasing dissimilarity over time. Overall, changes in the spatial dissimilarities among assemblages (termed 'beta diversity') is an increasingly recognised feature of broader biodiversity change in the Anthropocene. Empirical evidence of biotic homogenisation and biotic differentiation remains scattered across different ecosystems. Most meta-analyses quantify the prevalence and direction of change in beta diversity, rather than attempting to identify underlying ecological drivers of such changes. By conceptualising the mechanisms that contribute to decreasing or increasing dissimilarity in the composition of ecological assemblages across space, environmental managers and conservation practitioners can make informed decisions about what interventions may be required to sustain biodiversity and can predict potential biodiversity outcomes of future disturbances. We systematically reviewed and synthesised published empirical evidence for ecological drivers of biotic homogenisation and differentiation across terrestrial, marine, and freshwater realms to derive conceptual models that explain changes in spatial beta diversity. We pursued five key themes in our review: (i) temporal environmental change; (ii) disturbance regime; (iii) connectivity alteration and species redistribution; (iv) habitat change; and (v) biotic and trophic interactions. Our first conceptual model highlights how biotic homogenisation and differentiation can occur as a function of changes in local (alpha) diversity or regional (gamma) diversity, independently of species invasions and losses due to changes in species occurrence among assemblages. Second, the direction and magnitude of change in beta diversity depends on the interaction between spatial variation (patchiness) and temporal variation (synchronicity) of disturbance events. Third, in the context of connectivity and species redistribution, divergent beta diversity outcomes occur as different species have different dispersal characteristics, and the magnitude of beta diversity change associated with species invasions also depends strongly on alpha and gamma diversity prior to species invasion. Fourth, beta diversity is positively linked with spatial environmental variability, such that biotic homogenisation and differentiation occur when environmental heterogeneity decreases or increases, respectively. Fifth, species interactions can influence beta diversity via habitat modification, disease, consumption (trophic dynamics), competition, and by altering ecosystem productivity. Our synthesis highlights the multitude of mechanisms that cause assemblages to be more or less spatially similar in composition (taxonomically, functionally, phylogenetically) through time. We consider that future studies should aim to enhance our collective understanding of ecological systems by clarifying the underlying mechanisms driving homogenisation or differentiation, rather than focusing only on reporting the prevalence and direction of change in beta diversity, per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Rolls
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia
| | - David C Deane
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Sarah E Johnson
- Natural Resources Department, Northland College, Ashland, WI, 54891, USA
| | - Jani Heino
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Marti J Anderson
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study (NZIAS), Massey University, Albany Campus, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kari E Ellingsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, P.O. Box 6606 Langnes, Tromsø, 9296, Norway
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12
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Dornelas M, Chase JM, Gotelli NJ, Magurran AE, McGill BJ, Antão LH, Blowes SA, Daskalova GN, Leung B, Martins IS, Moyes F, Myers-Smith IH, Thomas CD, Vellend M. Looking back on biodiversity change: lessons for the road ahead. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220199. [PMID: 37246380 PMCID: PMC10225864 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Estimating biodiversity change across the planet in the context of widespread human modification is a critical challenge. Here, we review how biodiversity has changed in recent decades across scales and taxonomic groups, focusing on four diversity metrics: species richness, temporal turnover, spatial beta-diversity and abundance. At local scales, change across all metrics includes many examples of both increases and declines and tends to be centred around zero, but with higher prevalence of declining trends in beta-diversity (increasing similarity in composition across space or biotic homogenization) and abundance. The exception to this pattern is temporal turnover, with changes in species composition through time observed in most local assemblages. Less is known about change at regional scales, although several studies suggest that increases in richness are more prevalent than declines. Change at the global scale is the hardest to estimate accurately, but most studies suggest extinction rates are probably outpacing speciation rates, although both are elevated. Recognizing this variability is essential to accurately portray how biodiversity change is unfolding, and highlights how much remains unknown about the magnitude and direction of multiple biodiversity metrics at different scales. Reducing these blind spots is essential to allow appropriate management actions to be deployed. This article is part of the theme issue 'Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
- Guia Marine Laboratory, MARE, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais 2750-374, Portugal
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jonathan M. Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg 06099, Germany
| | | | - Anne E Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Brian J McGill
- School of Biology and Ecology and Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Laura H. Antão
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki,Finland
| | - Shane A. Blowes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg 06099, Germany
| | - Gergana N. Daskalova
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg 2361, Austria
| | - Brian Leung
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Inês S. Martins
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Faye Moyes
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | | | - Chris D Thomas
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Mark Vellend
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
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13
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Rutterford LA, Simpson SD, Bogstad B, Devine JA, Genner MJ. Sea temperature is the primary driver of recent and predicted fish community structure across Northeast Atlantic shelf seas. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2510-2521. [PMID: 36896634 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has strongly influenced the distribution and abundance of marine fish species, leading to concern about effects of future climate on commercially harvested stocks. Understanding the key drivers of large-scale spatial variation across present-day marine assemblages enables predictions of future change. Here we present a unique analysis of standardised abundance data for 198 marine fish species from across the Northeast Atlantic collected by 23 surveys and 31,502 sampling events between 2005 and 2018. Our analyses of the spatially comprehensive standardised data identified temperature as the key driver of fish community structure across the region, followed by salinity and depth. We employed these key environmental variables to model how climate change will affect both the distributions of individual species and local community structure for the years 2050 and 2100 under multiple emissions scenarios. Our results consistently indicate that projected climate change will lead to shifts in species communities across the entire region. Overall, the greatest community-level changes are predicted at locations with greater warming, with the most pronounced effects at higher latitudes. Based on these results, we suggest that future climate-driven warming will lead to widespread changes in opportunities for commercial fisheries across the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Rutterford
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft Laboratory, Suffolk, UK
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stephen D Simpson
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Jennifer A Devine
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, Norway
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) Ltd, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Martin J Genner
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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14
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Zhai M, Bojková J, Němejcová D, Polášek M, Syrovátka V, Horsák M. Climatically promoted taxonomic homogenization of macroinvertebrates in unaffected streams varies along the river continuum. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6292. [PMID: 37072510 PMCID: PMC10113374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotic homogenization appears to be a global consequence of anthropogenic change. However, the underlying environmental factors contributing to homogenization are difficult to identify because their effects usually interact and confound each other. This can be the reason why there is very little evidence on the role of climate warming in homogenization. By analysing macroinvertebrate assemblages in 65 streams that were as close to natural conditions as possible, we avoided the confounding effects of common anthropogenic stressors. This approach resulted in revealing a significant effect of increased temperature (both summer and winter) on changes in macroinvertebrate compositional over the past two decades. However, homogenization was significant only at opposite ends of the river continuum (submontane brooks, low-altitude rivers). Surprisingly, species of native origin predominated overall, increasing in frequency and abundance ("winners"), while only a minority of species declined or disappeared ("losers"). We hypothesise that undisturbed conditions mitigate species declines and thus homogenization, and that the temperature increase has so far been beneficial to most native species. Although we may have only captured a transitional state due to extinction debt, this underscores the importance of maintaining ecological conditions in stream to prevent species loss due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Zhai
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jindřiška Bojková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Němejcová
- T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute, p.r.i., Podbabská 2582/30, 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Polášek
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
- T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute, p.r.i., Podbabská 2582/30, 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Syrovátka
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Horsák
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
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15
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Jiang S, Hu T, Zhao W, Hu A, Zhu L, Wang J. Increasing diversity and biotic homogenization of lake plankton during recovery from acidification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160215. [PMID: 36400292 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Determining biodiversity responses to environmental change, such as acidification, is critical for ecosystem projections under future global change scenarios. Here, we analyzed three plankton communities of phytoplankton, crustaceans and rotifers in 28 lakes in the Adirondack Park, USA, during 1994-2012, and examined the spatiotemporal trends in their alpha and beta diversity during recovery from acidification. For all plankton assemblages, Shannon diversity increased towards recent years and high lake pH, and there was an increasing community dissimilarity with pH changes. The spatial mean Bray-Curtis dissimilarities across all lakes decreased over time for phytoplankton and rotifers leading to an increase in spatial homogenization. Such a homogenization cooccurred however with the overall increasing diversity in this region, which contrasts with the previous classic view that homogenization is mainly driven by loss of species and results in biodiversity loss. We further observed lower temporal mean beta diversity in low-pH lakes for crustaceans and rotifers, but not for phytoplankton. Generally, spatial and temporal mean beta diversity of the three taxonomic groups were primarily driven by lake-water ion variables, and rotifers were also constrained by nutrients and climate. Collectively, our results show how and why plankton community compositions vary over space along with acidification recovery, and further highlight the importance of spatiotemporal studies combined with long-term monitoring programs in assessing biodiversity change during the recovery of disturbed ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ting Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wenqian Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lifeng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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16
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Hidasi‐Neto J, Gomes NMA, Pinto NS. Cerrado native vegetation is a refuge for birds under the current climate change trajectory. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Hidasi‐Neto
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia Brazil
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17
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Mollenhauer R, Mouser JB, Roland VL, Brewer SK. Increased landscape disturbance and streamflow variability threaten fish biodiversity in the Red River catchment,
USA. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Mollenhauer
- Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma USA
- U.S. Geological Survey Wetland and Aquatic Research Center Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Joshua B. Mouser
- Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma USA
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Victor L. Roland
- U.S. Geological Survey, Lower Mississippi‐Gulf Water Science Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Shannon K. Brewer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma USA
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18
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Tsai CH, Sweatman HPA, Thibaut LM, Connolly SR. Volatility in coral cover erodes niche structure, but not diversity, in reef fish assemblages. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm6858. [PMID: 35704577 PMCID: PMC9200288 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm6858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The world's coral reefs are experiencing increasing volatility in coral cover, largely because of anthropogenic environmental change, highlighting the need to understand how such volatility will influence the structure and dynamics of reef assemblages. These changes may influence not only richness or evenness but also the temporal stability of species' relative abundances (temporal beta-diversity). Here, we analyzed reef fish assemblage time series from the Great Barrier Reef to show that, overall, 75% of the variance in abundance among species was attributable to persistent differences in species' long-term mean abundances. However, the relative importance of stochastic fluctuations in abundance was higher on reefs that experienced greater volatility in coral cover, whereas it did not vary with drivers of alpha-diversity. These findings imply that increased coral cover volatility decreases temporal stability in relative abundances of fishes, a transformation that is not detectable from static measures of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Tsai
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville MC, QLD 4810, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | | | - Loïc M. Thibaut
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sean R. Connolly
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
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19
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Pecuchet L, Jørgensen LL, Dolgov AV, Eriksen E, Husson B, Skern‐Mauritzen M, Primicerio R. Spatio‐temporal turnover and drivers of bentho‐demersal community and food web structure in a high‐latitude marine ecosystem. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrey V. Dolgov
- Polar Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (PINRO named after N.M.Knipovich) Murmansk Russia
- Murmansk State Technical University Murmansk Russia
- Tomsk State University Tomsk Russia
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20
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Gilmour M, Adams J, Block B, Caselle J, Friedlander A, Game E, Hazen E, Holmes N, Lafferty K, Maxwell S, McCauley D, Oleson E, Pollock K, Shaffer S, Wolff N, Wegmann A. Evaluation of MPA designs that protect highly mobile megafauna now and under climate change scenarios. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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21
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Barouillet C, Vasselon V, Keck F, Millet L, Etienne D, Galop D, Rius D, Domaizon I. Paleoreconstructions of ciliate communities reveal long-term ecological changes in temperate lakes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7899. [PMID: 35551223 PMCID: PMC9098483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliates are unicellular heterotrophic organisms that play a key role in aquatic planktonic and benthic food webs. Advances in sedimentary DNA (sed-DNA) analysis offer the possibility to integrate these bioindicators in paleoenvironmental reconstructions. In this study, we used the top–bottom paleolimnological approach and metabarcoding techniques applied to sed-DNA to compare the recent and past (i.e. prior to major anthropogenic impacts) ciliate communities of 48 lakes located along an elevation gradient. Our results show an overall decline in the β-diversity in recent time, especially in lowland lakes, which are more strongly exposed to local human pressures. Analyses of the functional groups indicate important restructuration of the food web, including the recent increase in mixotrophs. Moreover, changes in the benthic ciliates were consistent with the widespread increase in deep water anoxia. Our results provided evidence that sed-DNA can uncover information about past ciliate communities on a wide variety of lakes. Overall, our study demonstrates the potential of using ciliates as new paleoindicators, integrating information from the pelagic to the benthic zones, and providing valuable insights into ecosystem functioning through a trait-based functional community approach. As paleoindicator, they thus offer a more holistic view on the long-term changes of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécilia Barouillet
- INRAE, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CARRTEL, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France. .,Pole R&D ECLA, CARRTEL, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France.
| | - Valentin Vasselon
- INRAE, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CARRTEL, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France.,Pole R&D ECLA, CARRTEL, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France.,OFB, Site INRAE UMR CARRTEL, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France
| | - François Keck
- INRAE, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CARRTEL, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France.,Pole R&D ECLA, CARRTEL, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France
| | | | - David Etienne
- Pole R&D ECLA, CARRTEL, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France.,Université Savoie Mont Blanc, INRAE, CARRTEL, 73370, Le Bourget du Lac, France
| | - Didier Galop
- GEODE UMR 5602 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 31058, Toulouse, France.,Labex DRIIHM, OHM Pyrénées, CNRS/INEE, Toulouse, France
| | - Damien Rius
- CNRS, Chrono Environnement, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Isabelle Domaizon
- INRAE, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CARRTEL, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France. .,Pole R&D ECLA, CARRTEL, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France.
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22
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Bosch NE, McLean M, Zarco-Perello S, Bennett S, Stuart-Smith RD, Vergés A, Pessarrodona A, Tuya F, Langlois T, Spencer C, Bell S, Saunders BJ, Harvey ES, Wernberg T. Persistent thermally driven shift in the functional trait structure of herbivorous fishes: Evidence of top-down control on the rebound potential of temperate seaweed forests? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2296-2311. [PMID: 34981602 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extreme climatic events can reshape the functional structure of ecological communities, potentially altering ecological interactions and ecosystem functioning. While these shifts have been widely documented, evidence of their persistence and potential flow-on effects on ecosystem structure following relaxation of extreme events remains limited. Here, we investigate changes in the functional trait structure - encompassing dimensions of resource use, thermal affinity, and body size - of herbivorous fishes in a temperate reef system that experienced an extreme marine heatwave (MHW) and subsequent return to cool conditions. We quantify how changes in the trait structure modified the nature and intensity of herbivory-related functions (macroalgae, turf, and sediment removal), and explored the potential flow-on effects on the recovery dynamics of macroalgal foundation species. The trait structure of the herbivorous fish assemblage shifted as a result of the MHW, from dominance of cool-water browsing species to increased evenness in the distribution of abundance among temperate and tropical guilds supporting novel herbivory roles (i.e. scraping, cropping, and sediment sucking). Despite the abundance of tropical herbivorous fishes and intensity of herbivory-related functions declined following a period of cooling after the MHW, the underlying trait structure displayed limited recovery. Concomitantly, algal assemblages displayed a lack of recovery of the formerly dominant foundational species, the kelp Ecklonia radiata, transitioning to an alternative state dominated by turf and Sargassum spp. Our study demonstrates a legacy effect of an extreme MHW and exemplified the value of monitoring phenotypic (trait mediated) changes in the nature of core ecosystem processes to predict and adapt to the future configurations of changing reef ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor E Bosch
- The UWA Oceans Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew McLean
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Salvador Zarco-Perello
- The UWA Oceans Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Scott Bennett
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre of Marine Science & Innovation, Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Albert Pessarrodona
- The UWA Oceans Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fernando Tuya
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de G.C., Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Tim Langlois
- The UWA Oceans Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Claude Spencer
- The UWA Oceans Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sahira Bell
- The UWA Oceans Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Saunders
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Euan S Harvey
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- The UWA Oceans Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway
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23
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Pagani-Núñez E, Xu Y, Yan M, He J, Jiang Z, Jiang H. Trade-offs between economic development and biodiversity conservation on a tropical island. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36. [PMID: 35338514 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Resolving trade-offs between economic development and biodiversity conservation needs is one of the defining issues of our time. This is crucial in currently developing countries and in particularly sensitive systems harboring high biodiversity. Yet, such a task can be challenging as human activities may have complex effects on biodiversity. Here we assessed the effects of intense economic development on different components of biodiversity using Hainan Island (South China) as model. This highly biodiverse tropical island has experienced intense economic development and extensive forest to agriculture conversion and urbanization across the last two decades. We characterized three main habitat clusters, based on local land use, climate and economic changes across 145 grids (10×10 km), and estimated avian biodiversity responses between 1998 and 2013. We recorded ongoing taxonomic biotic homogenization at the regional scale (i.e., the whole island), evidenced by decreasing differences between traditional and directional alpha diversity. Communities became overall phylogenetically clustered and functionally overdispersed. Biodiversity's priority effects were pervasive, with less diverse communities showing positive and more diverse communities showing negative biodiversity changes. Finally, at the local scale, different economic and environmental indicators showed complex and divergent effects across habitat clusters and biodiversity components. These effects were only partially ameliorated within a newly established Ecological Function Conservation Area in the mountainous central part of the island. Thus, our results depict complex effects of economic development on different biodiversity dimensions in different areas of the island with different land uses and protection regimes, and between local and regional spatial scales. Profound ecosystem damage associated with economic development was partially averted, probably due to enhanced biodiversity conservation policies and law enforcement, yet at the cost of regional-scale biotic homogenization and local-scale biodiversity loss. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Pagani-Núñez
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Environmental Horticulture Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingxiao Yan
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiekun He
- Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifei Jiang
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haisheng Jiang
- Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Huo S, Zhang H, Monchamp ME, Wang R, Weng N, Zhang J, Zhang H, Wu F. Century-Long Homogenization of Algal Communities Is Accelerated by Nutrient Enrichment and Climate Warming in Lakes and Reservoirs of the North Temperate Zone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3780-3790. [PMID: 35143177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pressures can threaten lake and reservoir ecosystems, leading to harmful algal blooms that have become globally widespread. However, patterns of phytoplankton diversity change and community assembly over long-term scales remain unknown. Here, we explore biodiversity patterns in eukaryotic algal (EA) and cyanobacterial (CYA) communities over a century by sequencing DNA preserved in the sediment cores of seven lakes and reservoirs in the North Temperate Zone. Comparisons within lakes revealed temporal algal community homogenization in mesotrophic lakes, eutrophic lakes, and reservoirs over the last century but no systematic losses of α-diversity. Temporal homogenization of EA and CYA communities continued into the modern day probably due to time-lags related to historical legacies, even if lakes go through a eutrophication phase followed by a reoligotrophication phase. Further, algal community assembly in lakes and reservoirs was mediated by both deterministic and stochastic processes, while homogeneous selection played a relatively important role in recent decades due to intensified anthropogenic activities and climate warming. Overall, these results expand our understanding of global change effects on algal community diversity and succession in lakes and reservoirs that exhibit different successional trajectories while also providing a baseline framework to assess their potential responses to future environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouliang Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hanxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Marie-Eve Monchamp
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Docteur Penfield, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Nanyan Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jingtian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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25
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Yang Q, Weigelt P, Fristoe TS, Zhang Z, Kreft H, Stein A, Seebens H, Dawson W, Essl F, König C, Lenzner B, Pergl J, Pouteau R, Pyšek P, Winter M, Ebel AL, Fuentes N, Giehl ELH, Kartesz J, Krestov P, Kukk T, Nishino M, Kupriyanov A, Villaseñor JL, Wieringa JJ, Zeddam A, Zykova E, van Kleunen M. The global loss of floristic uniqueness. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7290. [PMID: 34911960 PMCID: PMC8674287 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Regional species assemblages have been shaped by colonization, speciation and extinction over millions of years. Humans have altered biogeography by introducing species to new ranges. However, an analysis of how strongly naturalized plant species (i.e. alien plants that have established self-sustaining populations) affect the taxonomic and phylogenetic uniqueness of regional floras globally is still missing. Here, we present such an analysis with data from native and naturalized alien floras in 658 regions around the world. We find strong taxonomic and phylogenetic floristic homogenization overall, and that the natural decline in floristic similarity with increasing geographic distance is weakened by naturalized species. Floristic homogenization increases with climatic similarity, which emphasizes the importance of climate matching in plant naturalization. Moreover, floristic homogenization is greater between regions with current or past administrative relationships, indicating that being part of the same country as well as historical colonial ties facilitate floristic exchange, most likely due to more intensive trade and transport between such regions. Our findings show that naturalization of alien plants threatens taxonomic and phylogenetic uniqueness of regional floras globally. Unless more effective biosecurity measures are implemented, it is likely that with ongoing globalization, even the most distant regions will lose their floristic uniqueness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ,Campus-Institut Data Science, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Trevor S. Fristoe
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anke Stein
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Hanno Seebens
- grid.507705.0Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- grid.8250.f0000 0000 8700 0572Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Franz Essl
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Bioinvasions, Global Change, Macroecology Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian König
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Ecology and Macroecology group, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Bioinvasions, Global Change, Macroecology Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Pergl
- grid.424923.a0000 0001 2035 1455Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Robin Pouteau
- grid.4399.70000000122879528AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Petr Pyšek
- grid.424923.a0000 0001 2035 1455Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marten Winter
- grid.421064.50000 0004 7470 3956German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aleksandr L. Ebel
- grid.77602.340000 0001 1088 3909Department of Botany, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia ,grid.415877.80000 0001 2254 1834Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nicol Fuentes
- grid.5380.e0000 0001 2298 9663Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanograficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Eduardo L. H. Giehl
- grid.411237.20000 0001 2188 7235Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - John Kartesz
- Biota of North America Program, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Pavel Krestov
- grid.417808.20000 0001 1393 1398Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Toomas Kukk
- grid.16697.3f0000 0001 0671 1127Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Andrey Kupriyanov
- grid.415877.80000 0001 2254 1834Institute of Human Ecology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Jose Luis Villaseñor
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Departamento de Botánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jan J. Wieringa
- grid.425948.60000 0001 2159 802XNaturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Abida Zeddam
- Ingenieur en Ecologie vegetale, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Elena Zykova
- grid.415877.80000 0001 2254 1834Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany ,grid.440657.40000 0004 1762 5832Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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26
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Abstract
As prehistoric cave paintings illustrate, our species has had an enduring appreciation of the variety and abundance of life on Earth. Today, however, concern is focused on the pressure humanity is placing on the natural world, and on the continued ability of ecosystems to deliver the services on which we all depend. To understand the extent of this 'biodiversity crisis' and develop strategies to ameliorate its impact, it is essential to be able to accurately measure biological diversity (a term often contracted to biodiversity) and make informed predictions about how and why this diversity varies over space and time.
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27
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Vale CG, Arenas F, Barreiro R, Piñeiro‐Corbeira C. Understanding the local drivers of beta‐diversity patterns under climate change: The case of seaweed communities in Galicia, North West of the Iberian Peninsula. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cândida Gomes Vale
- CIIMARCentro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental Matosinhos Portugal
| | - Francisco Arenas
- CIIMARCentro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental Matosinhos Portugal
| | - Rodolfo Barreiro
- BioCost Research Group Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)Universidad de A Coruña A Coruña Spain
| | - Cristina Piñeiro‐Corbeira
- BioCost Research Group Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)Universidad de A Coruña A Coruña Spain
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28
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Fourcade Y, Åström S, Öckinger E. Decline of parasitic and habitat-specialist species drives taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional homogenization of sub-alpine bumblebee communities. Oecologia 2021; 196:905-917. [PMID: 34129123 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing biodiversity crisis is characterised not only by an elevated extinction rate but also can lead to an increasing similarity of species assemblages. This is an issue of major concern, as it can reduce ecosystem resilience and functionality. Changes in the composition of pollinator communities have mainly been described in intensive agricultural lowland areas. In this context, using a replicated survey of historical and recent bumblebee diversity, we aimed here to test how documented changes in climate and land use influenced the potential homogenization of sub-alpine bumblebee communities in southern Norway. We assessed the change in community composition in terms of taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional (β-)diversity, and estimated the impact of various species traits in probabilities of species gains and losses. Overall, we found a strong reduction in functional diversity, but no change in phylogenetic diversity over time. The β-diversity decreased, especially at high elevations, and this pattern was consistent for taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional β-diversity. The spatial distribution, measured as the average site occupancy, decreased in habitat-specialist species. This was explained by both a higher risk of species loss and a lower probability of species gain for habitat-specialist and parasitic species than for generalist and social species. These findings demonstrate that a narrow niche breadth may contribute to a higher extinction risk in bumblebee species. This non-random impact of disturbance on species may lead to large-scale biotic homogenisation of communities, a pattern that can be detected by investigating biodiversity changes at different scales and across its multiple facets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoan Fourcade
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Sorbonne Université, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement, IEES, 94010, Creteil, France.
| | - Sandra Åström
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Torgarden, Box 5685, 7485, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik Öckinger
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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29
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Smith SM, Malcolm HA, Marzinelli EM, Schultz AL, Steinberg PD, Vergés A. Tropicalization and kelp loss shift trophic composition and lead to more winners than losers in fish communities. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2537-2548. [PMID: 33694271 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate-mediated species redistributions are causing novel interactions and leading to profound regime shifts globally. For species that expand their distribution in response to warming, survival depends not only on their physiological capacity, but also on the ability to coexist or be competitive within the established community. In temperate marine reefs from around the world, the range expansion of tropical species, known as 'tropicalization', has been linked to the disappearance of temperate habitat-forming kelps and shifts to dominance by low-biomass turfing algae. The consequences of these range expansions and habitat changes on resident fish communities are, however, unclear. Here, we use data derived from baited remote underwater video (BRUV) surveys to analyse changes in diversity and abundance of marine fishes over a 17-year period in warming reefs that have experienced kelp loss (occurring c. 2009). Despite the loss of kelp, we found that species richness and overall abundance of fishes (measured as probability of occurrence and relative abundance), including both tropical and temperate species, increased through time. We also found dramatic shifts in the trophic composition of fish assemblages. Tropical herbivorous fish increased most markedly through time, and temperate-associated planktivores were the only group that declined, a potential consequence of tropicalization not previously identified. At the species level, we identified 22 tropical and temperate species from four trophic guilds that significantly increased in occurrence, while only three species (all temperate associated) declined. Morphological trait space models suggest increases in fish diversity and overall occurrence are unlikely to be driven by uniqueness of traits among tropical range expanders. Our results show more winners than losers and suggest that pathways of energy flow will change in tropicalized systems, as planktonic inputs become less important and a higher proportion of algal productivity gets consumed locally by increasingly abundant herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannen M Smith
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hamish A Malcolm
- Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Coastal and Marine Ecosystems, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - Arthur L Schultz
- Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
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30
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Peng H, Chan Y, Compton TJ, Cheng X, Melville DS, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Lei G, Ma Z, Piersma T. Mollusc aquaculture homogenizes intertidal soft‐sediment communities along the 18,400 km long coastline of China. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- He‐Bo Peng
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Department of Coastal Systems Den Burg, Texel The Netherlands
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, and School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
- Rudi Drent Chair in Global Flyway Ecology Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- CEAAF Center for East Asian‐Australasian Flyway Studies Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Ying‐Chi Chan
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Department of Coastal Systems Den Burg, Texel The Netherlands
- Rudi Drent Chair in Global Flyway Ecology Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Tanya J. Compton
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Department of Coastal Systems Den Burg, Texel The Netherlands
| | - Xue‐Fei Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, and School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | | | - Shou‐Dong Zhang
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Department of Coastal Systems Den Burg, Texel The Netherlands
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, and School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
- Rudi Drent Chair in Global Flyway Ecology Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Zhengwang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Guangchun Lei
- CEAAF Center for East Asian‐Australasian Flyway Studies Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Zhijun Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, and School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Theunis Piersma
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Department of Coastal Systems Den Burg, Texel The Netherlands
- Rudi Drent Chair in Global Flyway Ecology Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- CEAAF Center for East Asian‐Australasian Flyway Studies Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
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31
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Loiseau N, Thuiller W, Stuart-Smith RD, Devictor V, Edgar GJ, Velez L, Cinner JE, Graham NAJ, Renaud J, Hoey AS, Manel S, Mouillot D. Maximizing regional biodiversity requires a mosaic of protection levels. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001195. [PMID: 34010287 PMCID: PMC8133472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protected areas are the flagship management tools to secure biodiversity from anthropogenic impacts. However, the extent to which adjacent areas with distinct protection levels host different species numbers and compositions remains uncertain. Here, using reef fishes, European alpine plants, and North American birds, we show that the composition of species in adjacent Strictly Protected, Restricted, and Non-Protected areas is highly dissimilar, whereas the number of species is similar, after controlling for environmental conditions, sample size, and rarity. We find that between 12% and 15% of species are only recorded in Non-Protected areas, suggesting that a non-negligible part of regional biodiversity occurs where human activities are less regulated. For imperiled species, the proportion only recorded in Strictly Protected areas reaches 58% for fishes, 11% for birds, and 7% for plants, highlighting the fundamental and unique role of protected areas and their environmental conditions in biodiversity conservation. This study shows that the dissimilarity in species composition between sites with different levels of protection is consistently high, suggesting that adjacent and connected areas with different protection levels host very dissimilar species assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Loiseau
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Rick D. Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Vincent Devictor
- CNRS, ISEM, Université de Montpellier, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Graham J. Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Laure Velez
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Joshua E. Cinner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Julien Renaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Andrew S. Hoey
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephanie Manel
- EPHE, PSL Research University, CNRS, UM, SupAgro, IRD, INRA, UMR 5175 CEFE, F-Montpellier, France
| | - David Mouillot
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, IUF, Paris, France
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32
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Guerra CA, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Duarte E, Marigliano O, Görgen C, Maestre FT, Eisenhauer N. Global projections of the soil microbiome in the Anthropocene. GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY : A JOURNAL OF MACROECOLOGY 2021; 30:987-999. [PMID: 33867861 PMCID: PMC7610617 DOI: 10.1111/geb.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM Soil microbes are essential for maintenance of life-supporting ecosystem services, but projections of how these microbes will be affected by global change scenarios are lacking. Therefore, our aim was to provide projections of future soil microbial distribution using several scenarios of global change. LOCATION Global. TIME PERIOD 1950-2090. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED Bacteria and fungi. METHODS We used a global database of soil microbial communities across six continents to estimate past and future trends of the soil microbiome. To do so, we used structural equation models to include the direct and indirect effects of changes in climate and land use in our predictions, using current climate (temperature and precipitation) and land-use projections between 1950 and 2090. RESULTS Local bacterial richness will increase in all scenarios of change in climate and land use considered, although this increase will be followed by a generalized community homogenization process affecting > 85% of terrestrial ecosystems. Changes in the relative abundance of functional genes associated with the increases in bacterial richness are also expected. Based on an ecological cluster analysis, our results suggest that phylotypes such as Geodermatophilus spp. (typical desert bacteria), Mycobacterium sp. (which are known to include important human pathogens), Streptomyces mirabilis (major producers of antibiotic resistance genes) or potential fungal soil-borne plant pathogens belonging to Ascomycota fungi (Venturia spp., Devriesia spp.) will become more abundant in their communities. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that climate change has a stronger influence on soil microbial communities than change in land use (often including deforestation and agricultural expansion), although most of the effects of climate are indirect, through other environmental variables (e.g., changes in soil pH). The same was found for microbial functions such as the prevalence of phosphate transport genes. We provide reliable predictions about the changes in the global distribution of microbial communities, showing an increase in alpha diversity and a homogenization of soil microbial communities in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Guerra
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán Sin Número, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Eliana Duarte
- Max-Planck-Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Fakultät für Mathematik, Otto-Von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany
| | | | - Christiane Görgen
- Max-Planck-Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fernando T. Maestre
- Departamento de Ecología and Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef”, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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33
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Habitat loss and range shifts contribute to ecological generalization among reef fishes. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:656-662. [PMID: 33686182 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-01342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Human activities are altering the structure of ecological communities, often favouring generalists over specialists. For reef fishes, increasingly degraded habitats and climate-driven range shifts may independently augment generalization, particularly if fishes with least-specific habitat requirements are more likely to shift geographic ranges to track their thermal niche. Using a unique global dataset on temperate and tropical reef fishes and habitat composition, we calculated a species generalization index that empirically estimates the habitat niche breadth of each fish species. We then applied the species generalization index to evaluate potential impacts of habitat loss and range shifts across large scales, on coral and rocky reefs. Our analyses revealed consistent habitat-induced shifts in community structure that favoured generalist fishes following regional coral mortality events and between adjacent sea urchin barrens and kelp habitats. Analysis of the distribution of tropical fishes also identified the species generalization index as the most important trait in predicting their poleward range extent, more so than body or range size. Generalist tropical reef fishes penetrate further into subtropical and temperate zones than specialists. Dynamic responses of reef fishes to habitat degradation imply loss of specialists at local scales, while generalists will be broadly favoured under intensifying anthropogenic pressures. An increased focus on individual requirements of specialists could provide useful guidance for species threat assessments and conservation actions, while ecosystem and multi-species fisheries models should recognize increasing prevalence of generalists.
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Wang S, Loreau M, de Mazancourt C, Isbell F, Beierkuhnlein C, Connolly J, Deutschman DH, Doležal J, Eisenhauer N, Hector A, Jentsch A, Kreyling J, Lanta V, Lepš J, Polley HW, Reich PB, van Ruijven J, Schmid B, Tilman D, Wilsey B, Craven D. Biotic homogenization destabilizes ecosystem functioning by decreasing spatial asynchrony. Ecology 2021; 102:e03332. [PMID: 33705570 PMCID: PMC8244107 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Our planet is facing significant changes of biodiversity across spatial scales. Although the negative effects of local biodiversity (α diversity) loss on ecosystem stability are well documented, the consequences of biodiversity changes at larger spatial scales, in particular biotic homogenization, that is, reduced species turnover across space (β diversity), remain poorly known. Using data from 39 grassland biodiversity experiments, we examine the effects of β diversity on the stability of simulated landscapes while controlling for potentially confounding biotic and abiotic factors. Our results show that higher β diversity generates more asynchronous dynamics among local communities and thereby contributes to the stability of ecosystem productivity at larger spatial scales. We further quantify the relative contributions of α and β diversity to ecosystem stability and find a relatively stronger effect of α diversity, possibly due to the limited spatial scale of our experiments. The stabilizing effects of both α and β diversity lead to a positive diversity–stability relationship at the landscape scale. Our findings demonstrate the destabilizing effect of biotic homogenization and suggest that biodiversity should be conserved at multiple spatial scales to maintain the stability of ecosystem functions and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, 09200, France
| | - Claire de Mazancourt
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, 09200, France
| | - Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carl Beierkuhnlein
- Department of Biogeography, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany
| | - John Connolly
- UCD School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, Halle (Saale), 06108, Germany
| | - Douglas H Deutschman
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Jiří Doležal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.,Department of Functional Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, 37901, Czech Republic
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Andy Hector
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Department of Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kreyling
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, 17487, Germany
| | - Vojtech Lanta
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.,Department of Functional Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, 37901, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lepš
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.,Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - H Wayne Polley
- Agricultural Research Service, Grassland, Soil & Water Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Temple, Texas, 76502, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Jasper van Ruijven
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - David Tilman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brian Wilsey
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Dylan Craven
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, José Toribio Molina 29, Santiago, 8340589, Chile
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Boulanger E, Loiseau N, Valentini A, Arnal V, Boissery P, Dejean T, Deter J, Guellati N, Holon F, Juhel JB, Lenfant P, Manel S, Mouillot D. Environmental DNA metabarcoding reveals and unpacks a biodiversity conservation paradox in Mediterranean marine reserves. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210112. [PMID: 33906403 PMCID: PMC8080007 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although we are currently experiencing worldwide biodiversity loss, local species richness does not always decline under anthropogenic pressure. This conservation paradox may also apply in protected areas but has not yet received conclusive evidence in marine ecosystems. Here, we survey fish assemblages in six Mediterranean no-take reserves and their adjacent fishing grounds using environmental DNA (eDNA) while controlling for environmental conditions. We detect less fish species in marine reserves than in nearby fished areas. The paradoxical gradient in species richness is accompanied by a marked change in fish species composition under different managements. This dissimilarity is mainly driven by species that are often overlooked by classical visual surveys but detected with eDNA: cryptobenthic, pelagic, and rare fishes. These results do not negate the importance of reserves in protecting biodiversity but shed new light on how under-represented species groups can positively react to fishing pressure and how conservation efforts can shape regional biodiversity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Boulanger
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, Montpellier, France
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Véronique Arnal
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Boissery
- Agence de l'Eau Rhône-Méditerranée-Corse, Délégation de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Nacim Guellati
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Stéphanie Manel
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - David Mouillot
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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36
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Abstract
Recent assessment reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) have highlighted the risks to humanity arising from the unsustainable use of natural resources. Thus far, land, freshwater, and ocean exploitation have been the chief causes of biodiversity loss. Climate change is projected to be a rapidly increasing additional driver for biodiversity loss. Since climate change and biodiversity loss impact human societies everywhere, bold solutions are required that integrate environmental and societal objectives. As yet, most existing international biodiversity targets have overlooked climate change impacts. At the same time, climate change mitigation measures themselves may harm biodiversity directly. The Convention on Biological Diversity’s post-2020 framework offers the important opportunity to address the interactions between climate change and biodiversity and revise biodiversity targets accordingly by better aligning these with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals. We identify the considerable number of existing and proposed post-2020 biodiversity targets that risk being severely compromised due to climate change, even if other barriers to their achievement were removed. Our analysis suggests that the next set of biodiversity targets explicitly addresses climate change-related risks since many aspirational goals will not be feasible under even lower-end projections of future warming. Adopting more flexible and dynamic approaches to conservation, rather than static goals, would allow us to respond flexibly to changes in habitats, genetic resources, species composition, and ecosystem functioning and leverage biodiversity’s capacity to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation.
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A. Maureaud A, Frelat R, Pécuchet L, Shackell N, Mérigot B, Pinsky ML, Amador K, Anderson SC, Arkhipkin A, Auber A, Barri I, Bell RJ, Belmaker J, Beukhof E, Camara ML, Guevara‐Carrasco R, Choi J, Christensen HT, Conner J, Cubillos LA, Diadhiou HD, Edelist D, Emblemsvåg M, Ernst B, Fairweather TP, Fock HO, Friedland KD, Garcia CB, Gascuel D, Gislason H, Goren M, Guitton J, Jouffre D, Hattab T, Hidalgo M, Kathena JN, Knuckey I, Kidé SO, Koen‐Alonso M, Koopman M, Kulik V, León JP, Levitt‐Barmats Y, Lindegren M, Llope M, Massiot‐Granier F, Masski H, McLean M, Meissa B, Mérillet L, Mihneva V, Nunoo FKE, O'Driscoll R, O'Leary CA, Petrova E, Ramos JE, Refes W, Román‐Marcote E, Siegstad H, Sobrino I, Sólmundsson J, Sonin O, Spies I, Steingrund P, Stephenson F, Stern N, Tserkova F, Tserpes G, Tzanatos E, van Rijn I, van Zwieten PAM, Vasilakopoulos P, Yepsen DV, Ziegler P, T. Thorson J. Are we ready to track climate-driven shifts in marine species across international boundaries? - A global survey of scientific bottom trawl data. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:220-236. [PMID: 33067925 PMCID: PMC7756400 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Marine biota are redistributing at a rapid pace in response to climate change and shifting seascapes. While changes in fish populations and community structure threaten the sustainability of fisheries, our capacity to adapt by tracking and projecting marine species remains a challenge due to data discontinuities in biological observations, lack of data availability, and mismatch between data and real species distributions. To assess the extent of this challenge, we review the global status and accessibility of ongoing scientific bottom trawl surveys. In total, we gathered metadata for 283,925 samples from 95 surveys conducted regularly from 2001 to 2019. We identified that 59% of the metadata collected are not publicly available, highlighting that the availability of data is the most important challenge to assess species redistributions under global climate change. Given that the primary purpose of surveys is to provide independent data to inform stock assessment of commercially important populations, we further highlight that single surveys do not cover the full range of the main commercial demersal fish species. An average of 18 surveys is needed to cover at least 50% of species ranges, demonstrating the importance of combining multiple surveys to evaluate species range shifts. We assess the potential for combining surveys to track transboundary species redistributions and show that differences in sampling schemes and inconsistency in sampling can be overcome with spatio-temporal modeling to follow species density redistributions. In light of our global assessment, we establish a framework for improving the management and conservation of transboundary and migrating marine demersal species. We provide directions to improve data availability and encourage countries to share survey data, to assess species vulnerabilities, and to support management adaptation in a time of climate-driven ocean changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore A. Maureaud
- Centre for Ocean LifeNational Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua)Technical University of DenmarkKgs. LyngbyDenmark
- Section for Ecosystem based Marine ManagementNational Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua)Technical University of DenmarkKgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | - Romain Frelat
- Aquaculture and Fisheries GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Laurène Pécuchet
- Norwegian College of Fishery ScienceUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Nancy Shackell
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaBedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouthNSCanada
| | | | - Malin L. Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural ResourcesRutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Kofi Amador
- Fisheries Scientific Survey DivisionFisheries CommissionTemaGhana
| | - Sean C. Anderson
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaPacific Biological StationNanaimoBCCanada
| | - Alexander Arkhipkin
- Falkland Islands Fisheries DepartmentDirectorate of Natural ResourcesStanleyFalkland Islands
| | - Arnaud Auber
- Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord unitFrench Research Institute for the Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER)Boulogne‐sur‐MerFrance
| | - Iça Barri
- Centro de Investigaçao Pesqueira Aplicada (CIPA)BissauGuinea‐Bissau
| | | | - Jonathan Belmaker
- School of Zoology and The Steinhardt Museum of Natural HistoryTel AvivIsrael
| | | | - Mohamed L. Camara
- HalieuteNational Center of Fisheries Sciences of BoussouraConakryRepublic of Guinea
| | - Renato Guevara‐Carrasco
- General Directorate of Demersal and Coastal Resources ResearchInstituto del Mar Perú (IMARPE)CallaoPerú
| | - Junghwa Choi
- Fisheries Resources Research CenterNational Institute of Fisheries ScienceTongyeong‐siKorea
| | | | - Jason Conner
- Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries ServiceNOAASeattleWAUSA
| | - Luis A. Cubillos
- COPAS Sur‐AustralDepartamento de OceanografíaUniversity of ConcepcionConcepciónChile
| | | | - Dori Edelist
- Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies and Department of Maritime CivilizationsCharney School of Marine SciencesUniversity of HaifaHaifaIsrael
| | | | - Billy Ernst
- Millennium Nucleus of Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI)Departamento de OceanografíaFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y OceanográficasUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | | | - Heino O. Fock
- Thuenen Institute of Sea FisheriesBremerhavenGermany
| | - Kevin D. Friedland
- Narragansett LaboratoryNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNarragansettRIUSA
| | - Camilo B. Garcia
- Departamento de BiologiaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotáColombia
| | - Didier Gascuel
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem HealthInstitut AgroRennesFrance
| | - Henrik Gislason
- Section for Ecosystem based Marine ManagementNational Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua)Technical University of DenmarkKgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | - Menachem Goren
- School of Zoology and The Steinhardt Museum of Natural HistoryTel AvivIsrael
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem HealthInstitut AgroRennesFrance
| | | | | | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Ecosystem Oceanography Group (GRECO)Instituto Español de OceanografíaCentre Oceanogràfic de les BalearsPalma de MallorcaSpain
| | - Johannes N. Kathena
- National Marine Information and Research CentreMinistry of Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR)SwakopmundNamibia
| | - Ian Knuckey
- Fishwell Consulting Pty LtdQueenscliffVic.Australia
| | - Saïkou O. Kidé
- Institut Mauritanien de Recherches Océanographiques et des PêchesNouadhibouMauritania
| | - Mariano Koen‐Alonso
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries CentreFisheries and Oceans CanadaSt. John'sNLCanada
| | - Matt Koopman
- Fishwell Consulting Pty LtdQueenscliffVic.Australia
| | - Vladimir Kulik
- Pacific Branch (TINRO) of Russian Federal Research Institute Of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO)VladivostokRussia
| | - Jacqueline Palacios León
- General Directorate of Demersal and Coastal Resources ResearchInstituto del Mar Perú (IMARPE)CallaoPerú
| | | | - Martin Lindegren
- Centre for Ocean LifeNational Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua)Technical University of DenmarkKgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | - Marcos Llope
- Instituto Español de OceanografíaCádizAndalucíaSpain
| | - Félix Massiot‐Granier
- Département Adaptations du vivantUMR BOREAMuseum National d’Histoire NaturelleParisFrance
| | - Hicham Masski
- Institut National de Recherche HalieutiqueCasablancaMorocco
| | - Matthew McLean
- Department of BiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNSCanada
| | - Beyah Meissa
- Institut Mauritanien de Recherches Océanographiques et des PêchesNouadhibouMauritania
| | - Laurène Mérillet
- National Museum of Natural HistoryParisFrance
- IfremerLorientFrance
| | | | | | - Richard O'Driscoll
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research LimitedWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Cecilia A. O'Leary
- Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division, Alaska Fisheries Science CenterNOAASeattleWAUSA
| | | | - Jorge E. Ramos
- Falkland Islands Fisheries DepartmentDirectorate of Natural ResourcesStanleyFalkland Islands
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTas.Australia
| | - Wahid Refes
- National Higher School of Marine Sciences and Coastal ManagementDély IbrahimAlgeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Oren Sonin
- Israeli Fisheries Division, Fisheries and Aquaculture DepartmentMinistry of AgricultureKiryat HaimIsrael
| | - Ingrid Spies
- Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries ServiceNOAASeattleWAUSA
| | | | - Fabrice Stephenson
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research LimitedWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Nir Stern
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research InstituteHaifaIsrael
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul A. M. van Zwieten
- Aquaculture and Fisheries GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Daniela V. Yepsen
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias con Mención en Manejo de Recursos Acuáticos Renovables (MaReA)Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y OceanográficasUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | - Philippe Ziegler
- Antarctic Conservation and Management ProgramAustralian Antarctic DivisionDepartment of Agriculture, Water, and the EnvironmentKingstonTas.Australia
| | - James T. Thorson
- Habitat and Ecological Processes Research ProgramAlaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries ServiceNOAASeattleWAUSA
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Seawater Acidification Affects Beta-Diversity of Benthic Communities at a Shallow Hydrothermal Vent in a Mediterranean Marine Protected Area (Underwater Archaeological Park of Baia, Naples, Italy). DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12120464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important pieces of climate change evidence is ocean acidification. Acidification effects on marine organisms are widely studied, while very little is known regarding its effects on assemblages’ β-diversity. In this framework, shallow hydrothermal vents within a Marine Protected Area (MPA) represent natural ecosystems acting as laboratory set-ups where the continuous carbon dioxide emissions affect assemblages with consequences that can be reasonably comparable to the effects of global water acidification. The aim of the present study is to test the impact of seawater acidification on the β-diversity of soft-bottom assemblages in a shallow vent field located in the Underwater Archeological Park of Baia MPA (Gulf of Naples, Mediterranean Sea). We investigated macro- and meiofauna communities of the ‘Secca delle fumose’ vent system in sites characterized by sulfurous (G) and carbon dioxide emissions (H) that are compared with control/inactive sites (CN and CS). Statistical analyses were performed on the most represented macrobenthic (Mollusca, Polychaeta, and Crustacea), and meiobenthic (Nematoda) taxa. Results show that the lowest synecological values are detected at H and, to a lesser extent, at G. Multivariate analyses show significant differences between hydrothermal vents (G, H) and control/inactive sites; the highest small-scale heterogeneities (measure of β-diversity) are detected at sites H and G and are mainly affected by pH, TOC (Total Organic Carbon), and cations concentrations. Such findings are probably related to acidification effects, since MPA excludes anthropic impacts. In particular, acidification markedly affects β-diversity and an increase in heterogeneity among sample replicates coupled to a decrease in number of taxa is an indicator of redundancy loss and, thus, of resilience capacity. The survival is assured to either tolerant species or those opportunistic taxa that can find good environmental conditions among gravels of sand.
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Mouton TL, Tonkin JD, Stephenson F, Verburg P, Floury M. Increasing climate-driven taxonomic homogenization but functional differentiation among river macroinvertebrate assemblages. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:6904-6915. [PMID: 33030282 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Global change is increasing biotic homogenization globally, which modifies the functioning of ecosystems. While tendencies towards taxonomic homogenization in biological communities have been extensively studied, functional homogenization remains an understudied facet of biodiversity. Here, we tested four hypotheses related to long-term changes (1991-2016) in the taxonomic and functional arrangement of freshwater macroinvertebrate assemblages across space and possible drivers of these changes. Using data collected annually at 64 river sites in mainland New Zealand, we related temporal changes in taxonomic and functional spatial β-diversity, and the contribution of individual sites to β-diversity, to a set of global, regional, catchment and reach-scale environmental descriptors. We observed long-term, mostly climate-induced, temporal trends towards taxonomic homogenization but functional differentiation among macroinvertebrate assemblages. These changes were mainly driven by replacements of species and functional traits among assemblages, rather than nested species loss. In addition, there was no difference between the mean rate of change in the taxonomic and functional facets of β-diversity. Climatic processes governed overall population and community changes in these freshwater ecosystems, but were amplified by multiple anthropogenic, topographic and biotic drivers of environmental change, acting widely across the landscape. The functional diversification of communities could potentially provide communities with greater stability, resistance and resilience capacity to environmental change, despite ongoing taxonomic homogenization. Therefore, our study highlights a need to further understand temporal trajectories in both taxonomic and functional components of species communities, which could enable a clearer picture of how biodiversity and ecosystems will respond to future global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théophile L Mouton
- MARBEC, UMR IRD-CNRS-UM-IFREMER 9190, Université Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Jonathan D Tonkin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Fabrice Stephenson
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Piet Verburg
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Mathieu Floury
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
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40
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Lynggaard C, Yu DW, Oliveira G, Caldeira CF, Ramos SJ, Ellegaard MR, Gilbert MTP, Gastauer M, Bohmann K. DNA-Based Arthropod Diversity Assessment in Amazonian Iron Mine Lands Show Ecological Succession Towards Undisturbed Reference Sites. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.590976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human activities change natural landscapes, and in doing so endanger biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. To reduce the net impacts of these activities, such as mining, disturbed areas are rehabilitated and restored. During this process, monitoring is important to ensure that desired trajectories are maintained. In the Carajás region of the Brazilian Amazon, exploration for iron ores has transformed the original ecosystem; natural forest and a savanna formation with lateritic iron duricrust outcrops named canga. Here, native vegetation is logged and topsoil removed and deposited in waste piles along with mine waste. During rehabilitation, these waste piles are hydroseeded with non-native plant species to achieve rapid revegetation. Further, seeds of native canga and forest plant species are planted to point ecological succession towards natural ecosystems. In this study, we investigate diversity and composition of the arthropod community along a post-mining rehabilitation and restoration gradient, taking seasonality and primer bias into account. We use DNA metabarcoding of bulk arthropod samples collected in both the dry and rainy seasons from waste-pile benches at various stages of revegetation: non-revegetated exposed soils, initial stage with one-to-three-year-old stands, intermediate stage with four-to-five-year-old stands, and advanced stage with six-to-seven-year-old stands. We use samples from undisturbed cangas and forests as reference sites. In addition, we vegetation diversity and structure were measured to investigate relations between arthropod community and vegetation structure. Our results show that, over time, the arthropod community composition of the waste piles becomes more similar to the reference forests, but not to the reference cangas. Nevertheless, even the communities in the advanced-stage waste piles are different from the reference forests, and full restoration in these highly diverse ecosystems is not achieved, even after 6 to 7 years. Finally, our results show seasonal variation in arthropod communities and primer bias.
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41
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Cao X, Xu X, Bian R, Wang Y, Yu H, Xu Y, Duan G, Bi L, Chen P, Gao S, Wang J, Peng J, Qu J. Sedimentary ancient DNA metabarcoding delineates the contrastingly temporal change of lake cyanobacterial communities. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 183:116077. [PMID: 32693300 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms consisting of toxic taxa can produce a wide variety of toxins to threaten water quality, ecosystem functions and services. Of greater concern was the changing patterns of cyanobacterial assemblage were not well understood due to the lack of long-term monitoring data over the temporal scale. Biodiversity change in cyanobacterial community and paleoenvironmental variables over the past 170 years in Lake Chenghai were investigated based on sedimentary ancient DNA metabarcoding and traditional paleolimnological analysis. The results showed species richness and homogenization of cyanobacterial assemblage increased in the most recent decades, which were synchronized with the growth of artificial fertilization and decline in precipitation. Cyanobacterial co-occurrence network analysis revealed more complex interactions and weak community stability after the change point of ∼1987, while the rare cyanobacterial genera such as Anabaena, Planktothrix, Oscillatoria and Microcystis were identified to be keystone taxa affecting cyanobacterial assemblage. Furthermore, an increase of toxin-producing cyanobacterial taxa was significantly and positively associated with TN and TP, as well as TN/IP and TN/TP, which was verified by quantitative real-time PCR of mcyA and rpoC1 genes. Threshold in total nitrogen (TN) concentration should be targeted no more than 0.60 mg/L to alleviate nuisance cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Chenghai. These findings reinforce the comprehensive understanding for the long-term dynamics of cyanobacterial assemblage responding to environmental change, which could contribute to proactively regulate environmental conditions for avoiding undesirable ecological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Cao
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Bian
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Gaoqi Duan
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lijiao Bi
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shaopeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianfeng Peng
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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42
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Keck F, Millet L, Debroas D, Etienne D, Galop D, Rius D, Domaizon I. Assessing the response of micro-eukaryotic diversity to the Great Acceleration using lake sedimentary DNA. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3831. [PMID: 32737305 PMCID: PMC7395174 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17682-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term time series have provided evidence that anthropogenic pressures can threaten lakes. Yet it remains unclear how and the extent to which lake biodiversity has changed during the Anthropocene, in particular for microbes. Here, we used DNA preserved in sediments to compare modern micro-eukaryotic communities with those from the end of the 19th century, i.e., before acceleration of the human imprint on ecosystems. Our results obtained for 48 lakes indicate drastic changes in the composition of microbial communities, coupled with a homogenization of their diversity between lakes. Remote high elevation lakes were globally less impacted than lowland lakes affected by local human activity. All functional groups (micro-algae, parasites, saprotrophs and consumers) underwent significant changes in diversity. However, we show that the effects of anthropogenic changes have benefited in particular phototrophic and mixotrophic species, which is consistent with the hypothesis of a global increase of primary productivity in lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Keck
- INRAE, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CARRTEL, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France.,Pole R&D ECLA, CARRTEL, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France
| | | | - Didier Debroas
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Genome et Environnement, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Etienne
- Pole R&D ECLA, CARRTEL, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France.,Université Savoie Mont Blanc, INRAE, CARRTEL, 73370, Le Bourget du Lac, France
| | - Didier Galop
- GEODE UMR 5602 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 31058, Toulouse, France.,Labex DRIIHM, OHM Pyrénées, CNRS/INEE, Toulouse, France
| | - Damien Rius
- CNRS, Chrono Environnement, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Isabelle Domaizon
- INRAE, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CARRTEL, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France. .,Pole R&D ECLA, CARRTEL, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France.
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43
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Abstract
AbstractHuman-mediated species invasion and climate change are leading to global extinctions and are predicted to result in the loss of important axes of phylogenetic and functional diversity. However, the long-term robustness of modern communities to invasion is unknown, given the limited timescales over which they can be studied. Using the fossil record of the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM; ∼56 Ma) in North America, we evaluate mammalian community-level response to a rapid global warming event (5°-8°C) and invasion by three Eurasian mammalian orders and by species undergoing northward range shifts. We assembled a database of 144 species body sizes and created a time-scaled composite phylogeny. We calculated the phylogenetic and functional diversity of all communities before, during, and after the PETM. Despite increases in the phylogenetic diversity of the regional species pool, phylogenetic diversity of mammalian communities remained relatively unchanged, a pattern that is invariant to the tree dating method, uncertainty in tree topology, and resolution. Similarly, body size dispersion and the degree of spatial taxonomic turnover of communities remained similar across the PETM. We suggest that invasion by new taxa had little impact on Paleocene-Eocene mammal communities because niches were not saturated. Our findings are consistent with the numerous studies of modern communities that record little change in community-scale richness despite turnover in taxonomic composition during invasion. What remains unknown is whether long-term robustness to biotic and abiotic perturbation are retained by modern communities given global anthropogenic landscape modification.
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44
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Jones FAM, Dornelas M, Magurran AE. Recent increases in assemblage rarity are linked to increasing local immigration. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:192045. [PMID: 32874609 PMCID: PMC7428220 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.192045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As pressures on biodiversity increase, a better understanding of how assemblages are responding is needed. Because rare species, defined here as those that have locally low abundances, make up a high proportion of assemblage species lists, understanding how the number of rare species within assemblages is changing will help elucidate patterns of recent biodiversity change. Here, we show that the number of rare species within assemblages is increasing, on average, across systems. This increase could arise in two ways: species already present in the assemblage decreasing in abundance but with no increase in extinctions, or additional species entering the assemblage in low numbers associated with an increase in immigration. The positive relationship between change in rarity and change in species richness provides evidence for the second explanation, i.e. higher net immigration than extinction among the rare species. These measurable changes in the structure of assemblages in the recent past underline the need to use multiple biodiversity metrics to understand biodiversity change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith A. M. Jones
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, UK
- Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, UK
- School of Biology, Scottish Oceans Institute, St Andrews, UK
| | - Anne E. Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, UK
- School of Biology, Scottish Oceans Institute, St Andrews, UK
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45
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Li D, Olden JD, Lockwood JL, Record S, McKinney ML, Baiser B. Changes in taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity in the Anthropocene. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200777. [PMID: 32546087 PMCID: PMC7329034 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand how ecosystems are changing, a multifaceted approach to measuring biodiversity that considers species richness (SR) and evolutionary history across spatial scales is needed. Here, we compiled 162 datasets for fish, bird and plant assemblages across the globe and measured how taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity changed at different spatial scales (within site α diversity and between sites spatial β diversity). Biodiversity change is measured from these datasets in three ways: across land use gradients, from species lists, and through sampling of the same locations across two time periods. We found that local SR and phylogenetic α diversity (Faith's PD (phylogenetic diversity)) increased for all taxonomic groups. However, when measured with a metric that is independent of SR (phylogenetic species variation, PSV), phylogenetic α diversity declined for all taxonomic groups. Land use datasets showed declines in SR, Faith's PD and PSV. For all taxonomic groups and data types, spatial taxonomic and phylogenetic β diversity decreased when measured with Sorensen dissimilarity and phylogenetic Sorensen dissimilarity, respectively, providing strong evidence of global biotic homogenization. The decoupling of α and β diversity, as well as taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity, highlights the need for a broader perspective on contemporary biodiversity changes. Conservation and environmental policy decisions thus need to consider biodiversity beyond local SR to protect biodiversity and ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijiang Li
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Julian D. Olden
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Julie L. Lockwood
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sydne Record
- Department of Biology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010, USA
| | - Michael L. McKinney
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Benjamin Baiser
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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46
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Effects of Temperature Rise on Multi-Taxa Distributions in Mountain Ecosystems. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12060210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mountain biodiversity is associated with rare and fragile biota that are highly sensitive to climate change. To estimate the vulnerability of biodiversity to temperature rise, long-term field data are crucial. Species distribution models are an essential tool, in particular for invertebrates, for which detailed information on spatial and temporal distributions is largely missing. We applied presence-only distribution models to field data obtained from a systematic survey of 5 taxa (birds, butterflies, carabids, spiders, staphylinids), monitored in the northwestern Italian Alps. We estimated the effects of a moderate temperature increase on the multi-taxa distributions. Only small changes in the overall biodiversity patterns emerged, but we observed significant differences between groups of species and along the altitudinal gradient. The effects of temperature increase could be more pronounced for spiders and butterflies, and particularly detrimental for high-altitude species. We observed significant changes in community composition and species richness, especially in the alpine belt, but a clear separation between vegetation levels was retained also in the warming scenarios. Our conservative approach suggests that even a moderate temperature increase (about 1 °C) could influence animal biodiversity in mountain ecosystems: only long-term field data can provide the information to improve quantitative predictions, allowing us to readily identify the most informative signals of forthcoming changes.
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47
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Ellingsen KE, Yoccoz NG, Tveraa T, Frank KT, Johannesen E, Anderson MJ, Dolgov AV, Shackell NL. The rise of a marine generalist predator and the fall of beta diversity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2897-2907. [PMID: 32181966 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Determining the importance of physical and biological drivers in shaping biodiversity in diverse ecosystems remains a global challenge. Advancements have been made towards this end in large marine ecosystems with several studies suggesting environmental forcing as the primary driver. However, both empirical and theoretical studies point to additional drivers of changes in diversity involving trophic interactions and, in particular, predation. Moreover, a more integrated but less common approach to the assessment of biodiversity changes involves analyses of spatial β diversity, whereas most studies to date assess only changes in species richness (α diversity). Recent research has established that when cod, a dominant generalist predator, was overfished and collapsed in a northwest Atlantic food web, spatial β diversity increased; that is, the spatial structure of the fish assemblage became increasingly heterogeneous. If cod were to recover, would this situation be reversible, given the inherent complexity and non-linear dynamics that typify such systems? A dramatic increase of cod in an ecologically similar large marine ecosystem may provide an answer. Here we show that spatial β diversity of fish assemblages in the Barents Sea decreased with increasing cod abundance, while decadal scale changes in temperature did not play a significant role. These findings indicate a reversibility of the fish assemblage structure in response to changing levels of an apex predator and highlight the frequently overlooked importance of trophic interactions in determining large-scale biodiversity patterns. As increased cod abundance was largely driven by changes in fisheries management, our study also shows that management policies and practices, particularly those involving apex predators, can have a strong effect in shaping spatial diversity patterns, and one should not restrict the focus to effects of climate change alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari E Ellingsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nigel G Yoccoz
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torkild Tveraa
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kenneth T Frank
- Ocean Sciences Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
| | | | - Marti J Anderson
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study (NZIAS), Albany Campus, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrey V Dolgov
- Polar Branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography" ("PINRO" named after N.M. Knipovich), Murmansk, Russia
| | - Nancy L Shackell
- Ocean Sciences Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
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48
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Replacements of small- by large-ranged species scale up to diversity loss in Europe's temperate forest biome. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:802-808. [PMID: 32284580 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Biodiversity time series reveal global losses and accelerated redistributions of species, but no net loss in local species richness. To better understand how these patterns are linked, we quantify how individual species trajectories scale up to diversity changes using data from 68 vegetation resurvey studies of seminatural forests in Europe. Herb-layer species with small geographic ranges are being replaced by more widely distributed species, and our results suggest that this is due less to species abundances than to species nitrogen niches. Nitrogen deposition accelerates the extinctions of small-ranged, nitrogen-efficient plants and colonization by broadly distributed, nitrogen-demanding plants (including non-natives). Despite no net change in species richness at the spatial scale of a study site, the losses of small-ranged species reduce biome-scale (gamma) diversity. These results provide one mechanism to explain the directional replacement of small-ranged species within sites and thus explain patterns of biodiversity change across spatial scales.
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49
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Catano CP, Fristoe TS, LaManna JA, Myers JA. Local species diversity, β-diversity and climate influence the regional stability of bird biomass across North America. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192520. [PMID: 32126951 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity often stabilizes aggregate ecosystem properties (e.g. biomass) at small spatial scales. However, the importance of species diversity within communities and variation in species composition among communities (β-diversity) for stability at larger scales remains unclear. Using a continental-scale analysis of 1657 North American breeding-bird communities spanning 20-years and 35 ecoregions, we show local species diversity and β-diversity influence two components of regional stability: local stability (stability of bird biomass within sites) and spatial asynchrony (asynchronous fluctuations in biomass among sites). We found spatial asynchrony explained three times more variation in regional stability of bird biomass than did local stability. This result contrasts with studies at smaller spatial scales-typically plant metacommunities under 1 ha-that find local stability to be more important than spatial asynchrony. Moreover, spatial asynchrony of bird biomass increased with bird β-diversity and climate heterogeneity (temperature and precipitation), while local stability increased with species diversity. Our study reveals new insights into the scale-dependent processes regulating ecosystem stability, providing evidence that both local biodiversity loss and homogenization can destabilize ecosystem processes at biogeographic scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Catano
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Trevor S Fristoe
- Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Joseph A LaManna
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Jonathan A Myers
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
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50
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Pinsky ML, Selden RL, Kitchel ZJ. Climate-Driven Shifts in Marine Species Ranges: Scaling from Organisms to Communities. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2020; 12:153-179. [PMID: 31505130 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The geographic distributions of marine species are changing rapidly, with leading range edges following climate poleward, deeper, and in other directions and trailing range edges often contracting in similar directions. These shifts have their roots in fine-scale interactions between organisms and their environment-including mosaics and gradients of temperature and oxygen-mediated by physiology, behavior, evolution, dispersal, and species interactions. These shifts reassemble food webs and can have dramatic consequences. Compared with species on land, marine species are more sensitive to changing climate but have a greater capacity for colonization. These differences suggest that species cope with climate change at different spatial scales in the two realms and that range shifts across wide spatial scales are a key mechanism at sea. Additional research is needed to understand how processes interact to promote or constrain range shifts, how the dominant responses vary among species, and how the emergent communities of the future ocean will function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin L Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA;
| | - Rebecca L Selden
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA;
| | - Zoë J Kitchel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA;
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