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Haga Y, Coates S, Ray R. Hepatitis C virus chronicity and oncogenic potential: Vaccine development progress. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 99:101305. [PMID: 39167987 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem worldwide. It can cause liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), making it a cause of morbidity from liver disease. Thus, there is an urgent need for a prophylactic HCV vaccine. Fortunately, modern medicine has transformed the therapy for HCV infection through development of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs), achieving high rates of sustained virologic response and giving significant relief from HCC and associated mortality, but unfortunately it fails to eradicate the risk of HCC, especially in HCV-cleared patients with already advanced liver disease. Additionally, DAA-cured patients do not develop sufficient antiviral immunity and are susceptible to reinfection. A comprehensive strategy to control HCV infection must include a vaccine development approach in which the host can develop humoral and cellular immunity to eradicate HCV successfully; however, this remains a challenge as HCV has developed systems to evade immune attacks from its host. This review highlights the current understanding of HCV's effect on liver disease and cancer progression, the nature of immune responses from cell populations interacting with HCV, and the current strategies for vaccine development. The information in this review will advance prophylactic intervention strategies for HCV infection, with the end goal being to prevent chronicity and subsequent liver disease leading to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Haga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Missouri, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Sydney Coates
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Missouri, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Ranjit Ray
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Missouri, MO, 63104, USA; Department Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, MO, 63104, USA.
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2
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O'Brien TR, Witt DJ, Saxena V, Morrissey KG, Chen S, Baker FS, Prokunina-Olsson L, Pfeiffer RM, Lai JB. IFNL4 genotype and other personal characteristics to predict response to 8-week sofosbuvir-based treatment for chronic hepatitis C. J Infect 2024; 89:106258. [PMID: 39216831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shorter duration therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection might reduce treatment costs and increase the number of patients treated and cured. We determined factors associated with treatment response after an 8-week sofosbuvir-based therapy and developed a simple model to predict an individual's likelihood of treatment success. METHODS Among 2907 patients who received ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for 8 weeks, we determined failure rates by demographic and clinical characteristics, and IFNL4-∆G/TT genotype. We estimated the average IFNL4 genotype-related treatment failure rate in major ancestry groups by applying our IFNL4 genotype results to genotype distributions from reference populations. We created a treatment response model based on three personal characteristics. RESULTS Overall, 4.4% of the patients failed treatment. We observed significantly lower failure rates for persons <50 years (1.6%), females (2.6%), those carrying the IFNL4-TT/TT genotype (1.8%), those with HCV RNA <5.8 log10 copies/mL (2.0%) or HCV genotype-1B infection (2.6%). In a model based on ancestry, age and sex, the predicted probability of treatment failure ranged from 0.5% among females of East Asian ancestry <50 years of age to 8.5% among males of African ancestry age ≥65 years. CONCLUSION Applying this algorithm at the point-of-care might facilitate HCV elimination, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R O'Brien
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - David J Witt
- Kaiser Permanente San Rafael Medical Center, San Rafael, CA, United States.
| | - Varun Saxena
- Kaiser Permanente South San Francisco Medical Center, South San Francisco, CA, United States; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | | | - Sabrina Chen
- Information Management Services, Inc, Calverton, MD, United States.
| | - Francine S Baker
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Jennifer B Lai
- Kaiser Permanente San Rafael Medical Center, San Rafael, CA, United States.
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3
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Song Y, Lu J, Qin P, Chen H, Chen L. Interferon-I modulation and natural products: Unraveling mechanisms and therapeutic potential in severe COVID-19. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024:S1359-6101(24)00066-2. [PMID: 39261232 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to pose a significant global public health threat, particularly to older adults, pregnant women, and individuals with underlying chronic conditions. Dysregulated immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection are believed to contribute to the progression of COVID-19 in severe cases. Previous studies indicates that a deficiency in type I interferon (IFN-I) immunity accounts for approximately 15 %-20 % of patients with severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19, highlighting the potential therapeutic importance of modulating IFN-I signals. Natural products and their derivatives, due to their structural diversity and novel scaffolds, play a crucial role in drug discovery. Some of these natural products targeting IFN-I have demonstrated applications in infectious diseases and inflammatory conditions. However, the immunomodulatory potential of IFN-I in critical COVID-19 pneumonia and the natural compounds regulating the related signal pathway remain not fully understood. In this review, we offer a comprehensive assessment of the association between IFN-I and severe COVID-19, exploring its mechanisms and integrating information on natural compounds effective for IFN-I regulation. Focusing on the primary targets of IFN-I, we also summarize the regulatory mechanisms of natural products, their impact on IFNs, and their therapeutic roles in viral infections. Collectively, by synthesizing these findings, our goal is to provide a valuable reference for future research and to inspire innovative treatment strategies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Song
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiani Lu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Pengcheng Qin
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Dassanayake RP, Menghwar H, Bickel KA, Holthausen DJ, Ma H, Diaz-San Segunda F, Rodriguez-Calzada M, Medina GN, Attreed S, Falkenberg SM, Kanipe C, Sacco RE, De Los Santos T, Casas E. Antiviral activity of bovine type III interferon against bovine viral diarrhea virus is greatly reduced in bovine turbinate cells due to limited expression of IFN lambda receptor 1 (IL-28Rα). Front Immunol 2024; 15:1441908. [PMID: 39224597 PMCID: PMC11366575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1441908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The antiviral activity of recombinant bovine interferon lambda 3 (bovIFN-λ3) against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has been demonstrated in vitro in Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells (MDBK) and in vivo in cattle. However, anti-BVDV activity of bovIFN-λ3 has not been studied in bovine respiratory tract epithelial cells, supposedly a primary target of BVDV infection when entering the host by the oronasal route. Methods Here we investigated the anti-BVDV activity of bovIFN-λ3 in bovine turbinate-derived primary epithelial cells (BTu) using BVDV infection and immunoperoxidase staining, TCID50, RT-qPCR, DNA and transcriptome sequencing, and transfection with plasmids containing the two subunits, IL-28Rα and IL-10Rβ that constitute the bovIFN-λ3 receptor. Results Our immunoperoxidase staining, RT-qPCR, and TCID50 results show that while BVDV was successfully cleared in MDBK cells treated with bovIFN-λ3 and bovIFN-α, only the latter, bovIFN-α, cleared BVDV in BTu cells. Preincubation of MDBK cells with bovIFN-λ3 before BVDV infection was needed to induce optimal antiviral state. Both cell types displayed intact type I and III IFN signaling pathways and expressed similar levels of IL-10Rβ subunit of the type III IFN receptor. Sequencing of PCR amplicon of the IL-28Rα subunit revealed intact transmembrane domain and lack of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BTu cells. However, RT-qPCR and transcriptomic analyses showed a lower expression of IL-28Rα transcripts in BTu cells as compared to MDBK cells. Interestingly, transfection of BTu cells with a plasmid encoding IL-28Rα subunit, but not IL-10Rβ subunit, established the bovIFN-λ3 sensitivity showing similar anti-BVDV activity to the response in MDBK cells. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that the sensitivity of cells to bovIFN-λ3 depends not only on the quality but also of the quantity of the IL-28Rα subunit of the heterodimeric receptor. A reduction in IL-28Rα transcript expression was detected in BTu as compared to MDBK cells, despite the absence of spliced variants or SNPs. The establishment of bovIFN-λ3 induced anti-BVDV activity in BTu cells transfected with an IL-28Rα plasmid suggests that the level of expression of this receptor subunit is crucial for the specific antiviral activity of type III IFN in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohana P. Dassanayake
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Harish Menghwar
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
- ARS Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Bickel
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - David J. Holthausen
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Hao Ma
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Fayna Diaz-San Segunda
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, North Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Monica Rodriguez-Calzada
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, North Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Gisselle N. Medina
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, North Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, United States
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility (NBAF), ARS, USDA, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Sarah Attreed
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, North Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Shollie M. Falkenberg
- Sugg Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Carly Kanipe
- Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Randy E. Sacco
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Teresa De Los Santos
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, North Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Eduardo Casas
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
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Sookoian S, Rotman Y, Valenti L. Genetics of Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease: The State of Art Update. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:S1542-3565(24)00690-6. [PMID: 39094912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in the genetics of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are gradually revealing the mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of the disease and have shown promising results in patient stratification. Genetic characterization of the disease has been rapidly developed using genome-wide association studies, exome-wide association studies, phenome-wide association studies, and whole exome sequencing. These advances have been powered by the increase in computational power, the development of new analytical algorithms, including some based on artificial intelligence, and the recruitment of large and well-phenotyped cohorts. This review presents an update on genetic studies that emphasize new biological insights from next-generation sequencing approaches. Additionally, we discuss innovative methods for discovering new genetic loci for MASLD, including rare variants. To comprehensively manage MASLD, it is important to stratify risks. Therefore, we present an update on phenome-wide association study associations, including extreme phenotypes. Additionally, we discuss whether polygenic risk scores and targeted sequencing are ready for clinical use. With particular focus on precision medicine, we introduce concepts such as the interplay between genetics and the environment in modulating genetic risk with lifestyle or standard therapies. A special chapter is dedicated to gene-based therapeutics. The limitations of approved pharmacological approaches are discussed, and the potential of gene-related mechanisms in therapeutic development is reviewed, including the decision to perform genetic testing in patients with MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sookoian
- Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Translational Health Research Center (CENITRES), Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Faculty of Health Science, Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Yaron Rotman
- Liver and Energy Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Luca Valenti
- Precision Medicine - Biological Resource Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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6
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Brüggemann Y, Klöhn M, Wedemeyer H, Steinmann E. Hepatitis E virus: from innate sensing to adaptive immune responses. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:10.1038/s41575-024-00950-z. [PMID: 39039260 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections are a major cause of acute viral hepatitis in humans worldwide. In immunocompetent individuals, the majority of HEV infections remain asymptomatic and lead to spontaneous clearance of the virus, and only a minority of individuals with infection (5-16%) experience symptoms of acute viral hepatitis. However, HEV infections can cause up to 30% mortality in pregnant women, become chronic in immunocompromised patients and cause extrahepatic manifestations. A growing body of evidence suggests that the host immune response to infection with different HEV genotypes is a critical determinant of distinct HEV infection outcomes. In this Review, we summarize key components of the innate and adaptive immune responses to HEV, including the underlying immunological mechanisms of HEV associated with acute and chronic liver failure and interactions between T cell and B cell responses. In addition, we discuss the current status of vaccines against HEV and raise outstanding questions regarding the immune responses induced by HEV and treatment of the disease, highlighting areas for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Brüggemann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mara Klöhn
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Sites Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), External Partner Site, Bochum, Germany.
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7
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Surasinghe S, Kabengele K, Turner PE, Ogbunugafor CB. Evolutionary Invasion Analysis of Modern Epidemics Highlights the Context-Dependence of Virulence Evolution. Bull Math Biol 2024; 86:88. [PMID: 38877355 PMCID: PMC11178639 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-024-01313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Models are often employed to integrate knowledge about epidemics across scales and simulate disease dynamics. While these approaches have played a central role in studying the mechanics underlying epidemics, we lack ways to reliably predict how the relationship between virulence (the harm to hosts caused by an infection) and transmission will evolve in certain virus-host contexts. In this study, we invoke evolutionary invasion analysis-a method used to identify the evolution of uninvadable strategies in dynamical systems-to examine how the virulence-transmission dichotomy can evolve in models of virus infections defined by different natural histories. We reveal peculiar patterns of virulence evolution between epidemics with different disease natural histories (SARS-CoV-2 and hepatitis C virus). We discuss the findings with regards to the public health implications of predicting virus evolution, and in broader theoretical canon involving virulence evolution in host-parasite systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudam Surasinghe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Public Health Modeling Unit, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Ketty Kabengele
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Paul E Turner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Microbiology Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - C Brandon Ogbunugafor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Public Health Modeling Unit, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA.
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Zhang MQ, Li JR, Yang L, Peng ZG, Wu S, Zhang JP. ATG10S promotes IFNL1 expression and autophagic degradation of multiple viral proteins mediated by IFNL1. Autophagy 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38842055 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2361580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
ATG10S is a newly discovered subtype of the autophagy protein ATG10. It promotes complete macroautophagy/autophagy, degrades multiple viral proteins, and increases the expression of type III interferons. Here, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of ATG10S cooperation with IFNL1 to degrade viral proteins from different viruses. Using western blot, immunoprecipitation (IP), tandem sensor RFP-GFP-LC3B and in situ proximity ligation assays, we showed that exogenous recombinant ATG10S protein (rHsATG10S) could enter into cells through clathrin, and ATG10S combined with ATG7 with IFNL1 assistance to facilitate ATG12-ATG5 conjugation, thereby contributing to the autophagosome formation in multiple cell lines containing different virions or viral proteins. The results of DNA IP and luciferase assays also showed that ATG10S was able to directly bind to a core motif (CAAGGG) within a binding site of transcription factor ZNF460 on the IFNL1 promoter, by which IFNL1 transcription was activated. These results clarified that ATG10S promoted autophagosome formation with the assistance of IFNL1 to ensure autophagy flux and autophagic degradation of multiple viral proteins and that ATG10S could also act as a novel transcription factor to promote IFNL1 gene expression. Importantly, this study further explored the antiviral mechanism of ATG10S interaction with type III interferon and provided a theoretical basis for the development of ATG10S into a new broad-spectrum antiviral protein drug.Abbreviation: ATG: autophagy related; ATG10S: the shorter isoform of autophagy-related 10; CC50: half cytotoxicity concentration; CCV: clathrin-coated transport vesicle; CLTC: clathrin heavy chain; CM: core motif; co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CPZ: chlorpromazine; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; HCV: hepatitis C virus; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HsCoV-OC43: Human coronavirus OC43; IFN: interferon; PLA: proximity ligation assay; rHsATG10S: recombinant human ATG10S protein; RLU: relative light unit; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; ZNF: zinc finger protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health Commission (NHC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health Commission (NHC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health Commission (NHC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zong-Gen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health Commission (NHC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health Commission (NHC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Pu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health Commission (NHC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Sularea VM, Sharma R, Hay DC, O’Farrelly C. Early interferon lambda production is induced by double-stranded RNA in iPS-derived hepatocyte-like cells. OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 5:iqae004. [PMID: 39193476 PMCID: PMC11219478 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatotropic viruses are amongst the most ubiquitous pathogens worldwide, causing significant morbidity and mortality. As hepatocytes are among the primary targets of these viruses, their ability to mount early effective innate defence responses is of major research interest. Interferon lambda (IFNL) is produced early in response to viral stimulation in other cell types, but hepatocyte production of this interferon is little investigated. Due to the difficulty and significant costs in obtaining and culturing human primary hepatocytes, surrogate systems are widely sought. Here we used induced pluripotent stem (iPS)-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) to investigate hepatic IFNL expression in response to viral-like ligands. We demonstrate that hepatocytes rely on cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Protein Kinase RNA-dependent (PKR) and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLR) for the detection of double stranded RNA. Stimulation of HLCs by viral-like RNA ligands activating cytosolic RNA sensors resulted in thousand fold increase of type III interferon gene expression. These results are in contrast with type I IFN expression, which was induced to a lower extent. Concomitant induction of interferon stimulated genes, such as interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and CXCL10, indicated the ability of HLCs to activate interferon-dependent activity. These results demonstrate that HLCs mount an innate antiviral response upon stimulation with viral-like RNA characterized by the induction of type III IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Mihai Sularea
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152 - 160 Pearse St, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- Stemnovate LTD, Cambridge, Maia Building 270, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB223AT, United Kingdom
| | - David C Hay
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Cliona O’Farrelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152 - 160 Pearse St, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, 152 - 160 Pearse St, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
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10
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Viox EG, Bosinger SE, Douek DC, Schreiber G, Paiardini M. Harnessing the power of IFN for therapeutic approaches to COVID-19. J Virol 2024; 98:e0120423. [PMID: 38651899 PMCID: PMC11092331 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01204-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are essential for defense against viral infections but also drive recruitment of inflammatory cells to sites of infection, a key feature of severe COVID-19. Here, we explore the complexity of the IFN response in COVID-19, examine the effects of manipulating IFN on SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and pathogenesis, and highlight pre-clinical and clinical studies evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of IFN in limiting COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise G. Viox
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Zhang Q, Kisand K, Feng Y, Rinchai D, Jouanguy E, Cobat A, Casanova JL, Zhang SY. In search of a function for human type III interferons: insights from inherited and acquired deficits. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 87:102427. [PMID: 38781720 PMCID: PMC11209856 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The essential and redundant functions of human type I and II interferons (IFNs) have been delineated over the last three decades by studies of patients with inborn errors of immunity or their autoimmune phenocopies, but much less is known about type III IFNs. Patients with cells that do not respond to type III IFNs due to inherited IL10RB deficiency display no overt viral disease, and their inflammatory disease phenotypes can be explained by defective signaling via other interleukine10RB-dependent pathways. Moreover, patients with inherited deficiencies of interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF-3) (STAT1, STAT2, IRF9) present viral diseases also seen in patients with inherited deficiencies of the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR1/2). Finally, patients with autoantibodies neutralizing type III IFNs have no obvious predisposition to viral disease. Current findings thus suggest that type III IFNs are largely redundant in humans. The essential functions of human type III IFNs, particularly in antiviral defenses, remain to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
| | - Kai Kisand
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yi Feng
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - Darawan Rinchai
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, USA
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
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12
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Liu YG, Jin SW, Zhang SS, Xia TJ, Liao YH, Pan RL, Yan MZ, Chang Q. Interferon lambda in respiratory viral infection: immunomodulatory functions and antiviral effects in epithelium. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1338096. [PMID: 38495892 PMCID: PMC10940417 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1338096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Type III interferon (IFN-λ), a new member of the IFN family, was initially considered to possess antiviral functions similar to those of type I interferon, both of which are induced via the JAK/STAT pathway. Nevertheless, recent findings demonstrated that IFN-λ exerts a nonredundant antiviral function at the mucosal surface, preferentially produced in epithelial cells in contrast to type I interferon, and its function cannot be replaced by type I interferon. This review summarizes recent studies showing that IFN-λ inhibits the spread of viruses from the cell surface to the body. Further studies have found that the role of IFN-λ is not only limited to the abovementioned functions, but it can also can exert direct and/or indirect effects on immune cells in virus-induced inflammation. This review focuses on the antiviral activity of IFN-λ in the mucosal epithelial cells and its action on immune cells and summarizes the pathways by which IFN-λ exerts its action and differentiates it from other interferons in terms of mechanism. Finally, we conclude that IFN-λ is a potent epidermal antiviral factor that enhances the respiratory mucosal immune response and has excellent therapeutic potential in combating respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ming-Zhu Yan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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13
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Andreakos E. Type I and type III interferons: From basic biology and genetics to clinical development for COVID-19 and beyond. Semin Immunol 2024; 72:101863. [PMID: 38271892 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2024.101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Type I and type III interferons (IFNs) constitute a key antiviral defense systems of the body, inducing viral resistance to cells and mediating diverse innate and adaptive immune functions. Defective type I and type III IFN responses have recently emerged as the 'Achilles heel' in COVID-19, with such patients developing severe disease and exhibiting a high risk for critical pneumonia and death. Here, we review the biology of type I and type III IFNs, their similarities and important functional differences, and their roles in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also appraise the various mechanisms proposed to drive defective IFN responses in COVID-19 with particular emphasis to the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to suppress IFN production and activities, the genetic factors involved and the presence of autoantibodies neutralizing IFNs and accounting for a large proportion of individuals with severe COVID-19. Finally, we discuss the long history of the type I IFN therapeutics for the treatment of viral diseases, cancer and multiple sclerosis, the various efforts to use them in respiratory infections, and the newly emerging type III IFN therapeutics, with emphasis to the more recent studies on COVID-19 and their potential use as broad spectrum antivirals for future epidemics or pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, BRFAA, Athens, Greece.
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14
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Vachhani P, Mascarenhas J, Bose P, Hobbs G, Yacoub A, Palmer JM, Gerds AT, Masarova L, Kuykendall AT, Rampal RK, Mesa R, Verstovsek S. Interferons in the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Ther Adv Hematol 2024; 15:20406207241229588. [PMID: 38380373 PMCID: PMC10878223 DOI: 10.1177/20406207241229588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferons are cytokines with immunomodulatory properties and disease-modifying effects that have been used to treat myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) for more than 35 years. The initial use of interferons was limited due to difficulties with administration and a significant toxicity profile. Many of these shortcomings were addressed by covalently binding polyethylene glycol to the interferon structure, which increases the stability, prolongs activity, and reduces immunogenicity of the molecule. In the current therapeutic landscape, pegylated interferons are recommended for use in the treatment of polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis. We review recent efficacy, molecular response, and safety data for the two available pegylated interferons, peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys) and ropeginterferon alfa-2b-njft (BESREMi). The practical management of interferon-based therapies is discussed, along with our opinions on whether to and how to switch from hydroxyurea to one of these therapies. Key topics and questions related to use of interferons, such as their safety and tolerability, the significance of variant allele frequency, advantages of early treatment, and what the future of interferon therapy may look like, will be examined. Pegylated interferons represent an important therapeutic option for patients with MPNs; however, more research is still required to further refine interferon therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankit Vachhani
- Hematology Oncology at The Kirklin Clinic of UAB Hospital, North Pavilion, Room 2540C, 1720 2 Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294-3300, USA
| | - John Mascarenhas
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prithviraj Bose
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriela Hobbs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abdulraheem Yacoub
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Westwood, KS, USA
| | | | - Aaron T. Gerds
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lucia Masarova
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew T. Kuykendall
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Raajit K. Rampal
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruben Mesa
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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De M, Sukla S, Bharatiya S, Keshri S, Roy DG, Roy S, Dutta D, Saha S, Ejazi SA, Ravichandiran V, Ali N, Chatterjee M, Chinnaswamy S. IFN-λ3 is induced by Leishmania donovani and can inhibit parasite growth in cell line models but not in the mouse model, while it shows a significant association with leishmaniasis in humans. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0050423. [PMID: 38193711 PMCID: PMC10863405 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00504-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani causes debilitating human diseases that involve visceral and dermal manifestations. Type 3 interferons (IFNs), also referred to as lambda IFNs (IFNL, IFN-L, or IFN-λ), are known to play protective roles against intracellular pathogens at the epithelial surfaces. Herein, we show that L. donovani induces IFN-λ3 in human as well as mouse cell line-derived macrophages. Interestingly, IFN-λ3 treatment significantly decreased parasite load in infected cells, mainly by increasing reactive oxygen species production. Microscopic examination showed that IFN-λ3 inhibited uptake but not replication, while the phagocytic ability of the cells was not affected. This was confirmed by experiments that showed that IFN-λ3 could decrease parasite load only when added to the medium at earlier time points, either during or soon after parasite uptake, but had no effect on parasite load when added at 24 h post-infection, suggesting that an early event during parasite uptake was targeted. Furthermore, the parasites could overcome the inhibitory effect of IFN-λ3, which was added at earlier time points, within 2-3 days post-infection. BALB/c mice treated with IFN-λ3 before infection led to a significant increase in expression of IL-4 and ARG1 post-infection in the spleen and liver, respectively, and to different pathological changes, especially in the liver, but not to changes in parasite load. Treatment with IFN-λ3 during infection did not decrease the parasite load in the spleen either. However, IFN-λ3 was significantly increased in the sera of visceral leishmaniasis patients, and the IFNL genetic variant rs12979860 was significantly associated with susceptibility to leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjarika De
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumi Sukla
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Centre for High Impact Neuroscience and Translational Applications (CHINTA), TCG-Centres for Research and Education in Science and Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Seema Bharatiya
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Sagar Keshri
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Debarati Guha Roy
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Sutopa Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Debrupa Dutta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shriya Saha
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad Ejazi
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - V. Ravichandiran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Nahid Ali
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Mitali Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sreedhar Chinnaswamy
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
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16
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Stanifer ML, Boulant S. Differential signaling by type-I and type-III interferons in mucosa. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 86:102400. [PMID: 38118395 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are barrier sites that protect the body from the outside environment. They have developed mechanisms to handle microbiota-associated triggers while remaining responsive to pathogens. Cells at mucosal surfaces rely on both the type-I and -III interferons (IFNs) as key cytokines to protect the epithelium itself and to prevent systemic spread of viral infections. Type-I and -III IFNs have been shown to use distinct receptors but similar JAK/STAT signaling cascades to elicit the induction of IFN-stimulated genes. These overlapping cascades led to the original hypothesis that both IFNs provided redundant functions at mucosal surfaces. However, accumulating evidence points toward a different model where each IFN provides a unique protective and homeostatic function as well as distinct antiviral protection to epithelial cells. This review will highlight recent work shedding light on the differences in how both type -I and -III IFNs induce receptor-mediated signaling to protect mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Stanifer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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17
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de Weerd NA, Kurowska A, Mendoza JL, Schreiber G. Structure-function of type I and III interferons. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 86:102413. [PMID: 38608537 PMCID: PMC11057355 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Type I and type III interferons (IFNs) are major components in activating the innate immune response. Common to both are two distinct receptor chains (IFNAR1/IFNAR2 and IFNLR1/IL10R2), which form ternary complexes upon binding their respective ligands. This results in close proximity of the intracellularly associated kinases JAK1 and TYK2, which cross phosphorylate each other, the associated receptor chains, and signal transducer and activator of transcriptions, with the latter activating IFN-stimulated genes. While there are clear similarities in the biological responses toward type I and type III IFNs, differences have been found in their tropism, tuning of activity, and induction of the immune response. Here, we focus on how these differences are embedded in the structure/function relations of these two systems in light of the recent progress that provides in-depth information on the structural assembly of these receptors and their functional implications and how these differ between the mouse and human systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A de Weerd
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Kurowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Juan L. Mendoza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 76100
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18
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Mihaescu G, Chifiriuc MC, Filip R, Bleotu C, Ditu LM, Constantin M, Cristian RE, Grigore R, Bertesteanu SV, Bertesteanu G, Vrancianu CO. Role of interferons in the antiviral battle: from virus-host crosstalk to prophylactic and therapeutic potential in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1273604. [PMID: 38288121 PMCID: PMC10822962 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalians sense antigenic messages from infectious agents that penetrate the respiratory and digestive epithelium, as well as signals from damaged host cells through membrane and cytosolic receptors. The transduction of these signals triggers a personalized response, depending on the nature of the stimulus and the host's genetics, physiological condition, and comorbidities. Interferons (IFNs) are the primary effectors of the innate immune response, and their synthesis is activated in most cells within a few hours after pathogen invasion. IFNs are primarily synthesized in infected cells, but their anti-infective effect is extended to the neighboring cells by autocrine and paracrine action. The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in 2019 was a stark reminder of the potential threat posed by newly emerging viruses. This pandemic has also triggered an overwhelming influx of research studies aiming to unveil the mechanisms of protective versus pathogenic host immune responses induced by SARS-CoV-2. The purpose of this review is to describe the role of IFNs as vital players in the battle against SARS-CoV-2 infection. We will briefly characterize and classify IFNs, present the inductors of IFN synthesis, their sensors, and signaling pathways, and then discuss the role of IFNs in controlling the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its clinical outcome. Finally, we will present the perspectives and controversies regarding the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of IFNs in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigore Mihaescu
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Life, Medical and Agricultural Sciences, Biological Sciences Section, Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Filip
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
- Microbiology Department, Suceava Emergency County Hospital, Suceava, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Department, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lia Mara Ditu
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marian Constantin
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Institute of Biology of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana-Elena Cristian
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Grigore
- ENT Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila and Coltea Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Vifor Bertesteanu
- ENT Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila and Coltea Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gloria Bertesteanu
- ENT Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila and Coltea Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corneliu Ovidiu Vrancianu
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- DANUBIUS Department, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
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19
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Novotny LA, Evans JG, Guo H, Kappler CS, Meissner EG. Interferon lambda receptor-1 isoforms differentially influence gene expression and HBV replication in stem cell-derived hepatocytes. Antiviral Res 2024; 221:105779. [PMID: 38070830 PMCID: PMC10872352 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the tolerogenic liver, inadequate or ineffective interferon signaling fails to clear chronic HBV infection. Lambda IFNs (IFNL) bind the interferon lambda receptor-1 (IFNLR1) which dimerizes with IL10RB to induce transcription of antiviral interferon-stimulated genes (ISG). IFNLR1 is expressed on hepatocytes, but low expression may limit the strength and antiviral efficacy of IFNL signaling. Three IFNLR1 transcriptional variants are detected in hepatocytes whose role in regulation of IFNL signaling is unclear: a full-length and signaling-capable form (isoform 1), a form that lacks a portion of the intracellular JAK1 binding domain (isoform 2), and a secreted form (isoform 3), the latter two predicted to be signaling defective. We hypothesized that altering expression of IFNLR1 isoforms would differentially impact the hepatocellular response to IFNLs and HBV replication. METHODS Induced pluripotent stem-cell derived hepatocytes (iHeps) engineered to contain FLAG-tagged, doxycycline-inducible IFNLR1 isoform constructs were HBV-infected then treated with IFNL3 followed by assessment of gene expression, HBV replication, and cellular viability. RESULTS Minimal overexpression of IFNLR1 isoform 1 markedly augmented ISG expression, induced de novo proinflammatory gene expression, and enhanced inhibition of HBV replication after IFNL treatment without adversely affecting cell viability. In contrast, overexpression of IFNLR1 isoform 2 or 3 partially augmented IFNL-induced ISG expression but did not support proinflammatory gene expression and minimally impacted HBV replication. CONCLUSIONS IFNLR1 isoforms differentially influence IFNL-induced gene expression and HBV replication in hepatocytes. Regulated IFNLR1 expression in vivo could limit the capacity of this pathway to counteract HBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Novotny
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - J Grayson Evans
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Haitao Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christiana S Kappler
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Eric G Meissner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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20
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Roy DG, Singh L, Chaturvedi HK, Chinnaswamy S. Gender-dependent multiple cross-phenotype association of interferon lambda genetic variants with peripheral blood profiles in healthy individuals. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2292. [PMID: 37795763 PMCID: PMC10767428 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type III interferons (IFN), also called as lambda IFNs (IFN-λs), are antiviral and immunomodulatory cytokines that are evolutionarily important in humans. Given their central roles in innate immunity, they could be influencing other aspects of human biology. This study aimed to examine the association of genetic variants that control the expression and/or activity of IFN-λ3 and IFN-λ4 with multiple phenotypes in blood profiles of healthy individuals. METHODS In a cohort of about 550 self-declared healthy individuals, after applying several exclusion criteria to determine their health status, we measured 30 blood parameters, including cellular, biochemical, and metabolic profiles. We genotyped them at rs12979860 and rs28416813 using competitive allele-specific PCR assays and tested their association with the blood profiles under dominant and recessive models for the minor allele. IFN-λ4 variants rs368234815 and rs117648444 were also genotyped or inferred. RESULTS We saw no association in the combined cohort under either of the models for any of the phenotypes. When we stratified the cohort based on gender, we saw a significant association only in males with monocyte (p = 1 × 10-3 ) and SGOT (p = 7 × 10-3 ) levels under the dominant model and with uric acid levels (p = 0.01) under the recessive model. When we tested the IFN-λ4 activity modifying variant within groupings based on absence or presence of one or two copies of IFN-λ4 and on different activity levels of IFN-λ4, we found significant (p < 0.05) association with several phenotypes like monocyte, triglyceride, VLDL, ALP, and uric acid levels, only in males. All the above significant associations did not show any confounding when we tested for the same with up to ten different demographic and lifestyle variables. CONCLUSIONS These results show that lambda interferons can have pleiotropic effects. However, gender seems to be an effect modifier, with males being more sensitive than females to the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Guha Roy
- Infectious Disease GeneticsNational Institute of Biomedical GenomicsKalyaniIndia
- Regional Centre for BiotechnologyFaridabadIndia
| | - Lucky Singh
- ICMR‐National Institute of Medical StatisticsNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Sreedhar Chinnaswamy
- Infectious Disease GeneticsNational Institute of Biomedical GenomicsKalyaniIndia
- Regional Centre for BiotechnologyFaridabadIndia
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21
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Brown AJ, Won JJ, Wolfisberg R, Fahnøe U, Catanzaro N, West A, Moreira FR, Nogueira Batista M, Ferris MT, Linnertz CL, Leist SR, Nguyen C, De la Cruz G, Midkiff BR, Xia Y, Evangelista MD, Montgomery SA, Billerbeck E, Bukh J, Scheel TK, Rice CM, Sheahan TP. Host genetic variation guides hepacivirus clearance, chronicity, and liver fibrosis in mice. Hepatology 2024; 79:183-197. [PMID: 37540195 PMCID: PMC10718216 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Human genetic variation is thought to guide the outcome of HCV infection, but model systems within which to dissect these host genetic mechanisms are limited. Norway rat hepacivirus, closely related to HCV, causes chronic liver infection in rats but causes acute self-limiting hepatitis in typical strains of laboratory mice, which resolves in 2 weeks. The Collaborative Cross (CC) is a robust mouse genetics resource comprised of a panel of recombinant inbred strains, which model the complexity of the human genome and provide a system within which to understand diseases driven by complex allelic variation. APPROACH RESULTS We infected a panel of CC strains with Norway rat hepacivirus and identified several that failed to clear the virus after 4 weeks. Strains displayed an array of virologic phenotypes ranging from delayed clearance (CC046) to chronicity (CC071, CC080) with viremia for at least 10 months. Body weight loss, hepatocyte infection frequency, viral evolution, T-cell recruitment to the liver, liver inflammation, and the capacity to develop liver fibrosis varied among infected CC strains. CONCLUSIONS These models recapitulate many aspects of HCV infection in humans and demonstrate that host genetic variation affects a multitude of viruses and host phenotypes. These models can be used to better understand the molecular mechanisms that drive hepacivirus clearance and chronicity, the virus and host interactions that promote chronic disease manifestations like liver fibrosis, therapeutic and vaccine performance, and how these factors are affected by host genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane J. Brown
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - John J. Won
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Raphael Wolfisberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Fahnøe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Catanzaro
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ande West
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fernando R. Moreira
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mariana Nogueira Batista
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Martin T. Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Colton L. Linnertz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah R. Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cameron Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gabriela De la Cruz
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bentley R. Midkiff
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yongjuan Xia
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mia D. Evangelista
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Montgomery
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eva Billerbeck
- Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Hepatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jens Bukh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Troels K.H. Scheel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles M. Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Timothy P. Sheahan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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22
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Laplana M, Royo JL, Real LM. Genetic Association Studies in Host-Pathogen Interaction Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2751:19-30. [PMID: 38265707 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3617-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Studying host-pathogen interactions at a molecular level has always been technically challenging. Identifying the different biochemical and genetic pathways involved in the different stages of infection traditionally require complex molecular biology tools and often the use of costly animal models. In this chapter, we illustrate a complementary approach to address host-pathogen interactions, taking advantage of the natural interindividual genetic diversity. The application of genetic association studies allows us to identify alleles involved in infection progression or resistance. Thus, this strategy may be useful to unravel new molecular pathways underlying host-pathogen interactions. Here we present the general steps that might be followed to plan, execute, and analyze a population-based study in order to identify genetic variants affecting human exposition to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Laplana
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - José Luis Royo
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Luis Miguel Real
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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23
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Liu Y, Lu T, Li C, Wang X, Chen F, Yue L, Jiang C. Comparative transcriptome analysis of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-229E identifying potential IFN/ISGs targets for inhibiting virus replication. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1267903. [PMID: 38143441 PMCID: PMC10739311 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1267903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since its outbreak in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly across the world, posing significant threats and challenges to global public health. SARS-CoV-2, together with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, is a highly pathogenic coronavirus that contributes to fatal pneumonia. Understanding the similarities and differences at the transcriptome level between SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, as well as MERS-CoV is critical for developing effective strategies against these viruses. Methods In this article, we comparatively analyzed publicly available transcriptome data of human cell lines infected with highly pathogenic SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and lowly pathogenic HCoV-229E. The host gene expression profiles during human coronavirus (HCoV) infections were generated, and the pathways and biological functions involved in immune responses, antiviral efficacy, and organ damage were intensively elucidated. Results Our results indicated that SARS-CoV-2 induced a stronger immune response versus the other two highly pathogenic HCoVs. Specifically, SARS-CoV-2 induced robust type I and type III IFN responses, marked by higher upregulation of type I and type III IFNs, as well as numerous interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Further Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed the important role of ISGs for impeding SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the interferon/ISGs could be potential targets for therapeutic interventions. Moreover, our results uncovered that SARS-CoV-2 infection was linked to an enhanced risk of multi-organ toxicity in contrast to the other two highly pathogenic HCoVs. Discussion These findings provided valuable insights into the pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, which showed a similar pathological feature but a lower fatality rate compared to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhuang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyi Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuidan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlai Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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24
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Zhou P, Liu D, Zhang Q, Wu W, Chen D, Luo R. Antiviral effects of duck type I and type III interferons against Duck Tembusu virus in vitro and in vivo. Vet Microbiol 2023; 287:109889. [PMID: 37913673 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Duck Tembusu Virus (DTMUV) is a newly emerging avian flavivirus that causes substantial economic losses to the duck industry in Asia by causing severe egg drop syndrome and fatal encephalitis in domestic ducks. During viral replication, host cells recognize the RNA structures produced by DTMUV, which triggers the production of interferons (IFNs) to inhibit viral replication. However, the function of duck type I and type III IFNs in inhibiting DTMUV infection remains largely unknown. In this study, we expressed and purified recombinant duck IFN-β (duIFN-β) and IFN-λ (duIFN-λ) in Escherichia coli and evaluated their antiviral activity against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Furthermore, we found that both duIFN-β and duIFN-λ activated the ISRE promoter and induced the expression of ZAP, OAS, and RNaseL in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs). Notably, duIFN-β showed faster and more potent induction of ISGs in vitro and in vivo compared to duIFN-λ. Moreover, both duIFN-β and duIFN-λ showed high potential to inhibit DTMUV infection in DEFs, with duIFN-β demonstrating better antiviral efficacy than duIFN-λ against DTMUV in ducks. In conclusion, our results revealed that both duIFN-β and duIFN-λ can induce ISGs production and exhibit significant antiviral activity against DTMUV in vitro and in vivo, providing new insights for the development of antiviral therapeutic strategies in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Dejian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Qingxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wanrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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25
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Angelim CC, Martins LD, Andrade ÁAF, Moreira FC, Guerreiro JF, de Assumpção PP, dos Santos SEB, Costa GDLC. Variants of IFNL4 Gene in Amazonian and Northern Brazilian Populations. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2075. [PMID: 38003018 PMCID: PMC10671175 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the polymorphic nature of the IFNL4 gene, its variants have been investigated and associated with several viral diseases, with an emphasis on hepatitis C. However, the impacts of these variants on mixed-race and native populations in the northern region of Brazil are scarce. We investigated three variants of the IFNL4 gene in populations from this location, which were among the 14 most frequent variants in worldwide populations, and compared the frequencies obtained to populational data from the 1000 Genomes Project, gnomAD and ABraOM databases. Our results demonstrate that mixed-race and native populations from the northern region of Brazil present frequencies like those of European and Asian groups for the rs74597329 and rs11322783 variants, and like all populations presented for the rs4803221 variant. These data reinforce the role of world populations in shaping the genetic profile of Brazilian populations, indicate patterns of illness according to the expressed genotype, and infer an individual predisposition to certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cabral Angelim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, PA, Brazil; (C.C.A.); (L.D.M.); (Á.A.F.A.); (S.E.B.d.S.)
| | - Letícia Dias Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, PA, Brazil; (C.C.A.); (L.D.M.); (Á.A.F.A.); (S.E.B.d.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Álesson Adam Fonseca Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, PA, Brazil; (C.C.A.); (L.D.M.); (Á.A.F.A.); (S.E.B.d.S.)
| | - Fabiano Cordeiro Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, PA, Brazil; (F.C.M.); (J.F.G.)
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, PA, Brazil;
| | - João Farias Guerreiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, PA, Brazil; (F.C.M.); (J.F.G.)
| | | | - Sidney Emanuel Batista dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, PA, Brazil; (C.C.A.); (L.D.M.); (Á.A.F.A.); (S.E.B.d.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, PA, Brazil; (F.C.M.); (J.F.G.)
| | - Greice de Lemos Cardoso Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, PA, Brazil; (C.C.A.); (L.D.M.); (Á.A.F.A.); (S.E.B.d.S.)
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26
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He J, Zhao M, Ma X, Li D, Kong J, Yang F. The role and application of three IFN-related reactions in psoriasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115603. [PMID: 37776636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of psoriasis is a highly complicated one. Due to the disease's specificity, it not only affects the patient's skin negatively but also manifests systemic pathological changes. These clinical symptoms seriously harm the patient's physical and mental health. IFN, a common immunomodulatory factor, has been increasingly demonstrated to have a significant role in the development of psoriatic skin disease. Psoriasis is connected with a variety of immunological responses. New targets for the therapy of autoimmune skin diseases may emerge from further research on the mechanics of the associated IFN upstream and downstream pathways. Different forms of IFNs do not behave in the same manner in psoriasis, and understanding how different types of IFNs are involved in psoriasis may provide a better notion for future research. This review focuses on the involvement of three types of IFNs in psoriasis and related therapeutic investigations, briefly describing the three IFNs' production and signaling, as well as the dual effects of IFNs on the skin. It is intended that it would serve as a model for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming He
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Dilong Li
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingyan Kong
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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27
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Zahid W, Farooqui N, Zahid N, Ahmed K, Anwar MF, Rizwan-ul-Hasan S, Hussain AR, Sarría-Santamera A, Abidi SH. Association of Interferon Lambda 3 and 4 Gene SNPs and Their Expression with COVID-19 Disease Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:6619-6628. [PMID: 37840831 PMCID: PMC10576565 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s422095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Expression and certain SNPs of interferon lambda 3 and 4 (IFNL3 and 4) have been associated with variable outcomes in COVID-19 patients in different regions, suggesting population-specific differences in the disease outcome. This study examined the association of INFL3 and INFL4 SNPs (rs12979860 and rs368234815, respectively) and nasopharyngeal expression with COVID-19 disease severity in Pakistani patients. Methods For this study, 117 retrospectively collected nasopharyngeal swab samples were used from individuals with mild and severe COVID-19 disease. qPCR assays were used to determine the viral loads and mRNA expression of IFNL3 and 4 through the Ct and delta Ct methods, respectively. Due to funding limitations, only one SNP each in INFL3 and INFL4 (found to be most significant through literature search) was analyzed using tetra-arm PCR and RFLP-PCR strategies, respectively. The Mann-Whitney U-test was applied to evaluate the statistical differences in the expression of IFNL3/4 genes in the mild and severe groups, while for SNPs, a Chi-square test was employed. A multivariate Cox regression test was performed to assess the relationship of different variables with COVID-19 severity. Results Comparative analysis of SNPs between mild and severe groups showed only the difference in SNP of the IFNL4 gene to be statistically significant (p = 0.001). Similarly, nasopharyngeal expression of IFNL3 and IFNL4 genes, respectively, was found to be 3.48-fold less and 3.48-fold higher in the severe group as compared to the mild group. Multivariate analysis revealed SNP in the IFNL4 gene and age to have a significant association with COVID-19 severity. Conclusion Despite the small sample size, IFNL4 gene SNP and patient age were associated with COVID-19 severity. Age, IFNL3/IFNL4 mRNA expression in the nasopharyngeal milieu, and the presence of SNP in the IFNL4 (rs368234815) gene in COVID-19 patients may be biomarkers for infection severity and help improve SARS-CoV-2 infection management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warisha Zahid
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nida Farooqui
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nida Zahid
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Ahmed
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faraz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Azhar R Hussain
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Syed Hani Abidi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
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28
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Carriquí-Madroñal B, Lasswitz L, von Hahn T, Gerold G. Genetic and pharmacological perturbation of hepatitis-C virus entry. Curr Opin Virol 2023; 62:101362. [PMID: 37678113 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis-C virus (HCV) chronically infects 58 million individuals worldwide with variable disease outcome. While a subfraction of individuals exposed to the virus clear the infection, the majority develop chronic infection if untreated. Another subfraction of chronically ill proceeds to severe liver disease. The underlying causes of this interindividual variability include genetic polymorphisms in interferon genes. Here, we review available data on the influence of genetic or pharmacological perturbation of HCV host dependency factors on the clinically observed interindividual differences in disease outcome. We focus on host factors mediating virus entry into human liver cells. We assess available data on genetic variants of the major entry factors scavenger receptor class-B type I, CD81, claudin-1, and occludin as well as pharmacological perturbation of these entry factors. We review cell culture experimental and clinical cohort study data and conclude that entry factor perturbation may contribute to disease outcome of hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Carriquí-Madroñal
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany; Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
| | - Lisa Lasswitz
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany; Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
| | - Thomas von Hahn
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Interventional Endoscopy, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Semmelweis University, Campus Hamburg, 22307 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany; Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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29
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Cao L, Qian W, Li W, Ma Z, Xie S. Type III interferon exerts thymic stromal lymphopoietin in mediating adaptive antiviral immune response. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250541. [PMID: 37809098 PMCID: PMC10556530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, it was believed that type III interferon (IFN-III) has functions similar to those of type I interferon (IFN-I). However, recently, emerging findings have increasingly indicated the non-redundant role of IFN-III in innate antiviral immune responses. Still, the regulatory activity of IFN-III in adaptive immune response has not been clearly reported yet due to the low expression of IFN-III receptors on most immune cells. In the present study, we reviewed the adjuvant, antiviral, antitumor, and disease-moderating activities of IFN-III in adaptive immunity; moreover, we further elucidated the mechanisms of IFN-III in mediating the adaptive antiviral immune response in a thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)-dependent manner, a pleiotropic cytokine involved in mucosal adaptive immunity. Research has shown that IFN-III can enhance the antiviral immunogenic response in mouse species by activating germinal center B (GC B) cell responses after stimulating TSLP production by microfold (M) cells, while in human species, TSLP exerts OX40L for regulating GC B cell immune responses, which may also depend on IFN-III. In conclusion, our review highlights the unique role of the IFN-III/TSLP axis in mediating host adaptive immunity, which is mechanically different from IFN-I. Therefore, the IFN-III/TSLP axis may provide novel insights for clinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhong Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiwei Qian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, and Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanlin Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyue Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shenglong Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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30
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O'Brien TR, Lee MH, Wilson E, Kottilil S. IFNL4 Genotype Frequencies in Asian Populations Support Shorter Duration Therapy with Sofosbuvir-Based Hepatitis C Virus Regimens to Increase the Number Cured. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:435-438. [PMID: 37347978 PMCID: PMC10517314 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, ∼56.8 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), with about half residing in Asia. The cost and efficiency of delivering regimens based on direct-acting antiviral agents for HCV are important considerations in implementing these curative treatments. For sofosbuvir-based regimens, most patients are treated for 12 weeks; however, treatment for 8 weeks has been shown to cure HCV infection in 95% of patients without cirrhosis. Furthermore, virological failure after 8-week treatment occurs in only 1%-2% of individuals without cirrhosis, who have a favorable IFNL4 genotype, which is present in >50% of South Asians and >80% of East Asians. We propose that sofosbuvir-based treatment for 8 weeks, or perhaps shorter, would yield high response rate regimens in Asian countries and markedly increase the number of patients who could be cured for a given cost of the medication. We propose that a noninferiority trial in an East Asian population be conducted to test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. O'Brien
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mei-Hsuan Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Eleanor Wilson
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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31
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Johnson D, Carbonetti N. Roles and Effects of Interferon Lambda Signaling in the Context of Bacterial Infections. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:363-369. [PMID: 37289801 PMCID: PMC10517327 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type III interferon, or interferon lambda (IFNλ), was discovered 20 years ago and has been studied primarily for its role in combatting viral infections. However, it is also induced in response to certain bacterial infections but its roles and effects in this context are relatively poorly understood. In this mini review, we discuss the roles of IFNλ signaling in bacterial infections, highlighting its deleterious or protective effects for different infections. We also discuss a couple of recent studies showing that some bacteria possess defense mechanisms against the effects of IFNλ. We hope that this review will spur further investigation into the roles of IFNλ in the context of bacterial infections and will promote considerations of its therapeutic potential for these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da'Kuawn Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas Carbonetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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32
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de Weerd NA, Ogungbola O, Liu X, Matthews AY, Ismail A, Vivian JP, Lim SS, Tyrrell DL, Putcha N, Skawinski M, Dickensheets H, Lavoie TB, Donnelly RP, Hertzog PJ, Santer DM. Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Measure Cell Surface Protein Levels of Human Interferon-Lambda Receptor 1. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:403-413. [PMID: 37499093 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFN-lambdas, IFN-λs) are important antiviral cytokines that can also modulate immune responses by acting through a heterodimeric receptor composed of the specific and limited expressed IFN-λR1 chain and the ubiquitous IL-10R2 chain, which is shared with IL-10 family cytokines. Conflicting data have been reported regarding which cells express the IFN-λR1 subunit and directly respond to IFN-λs. This is, in part, owing to transcript levels of the IFN-λR1 gene, IFNLR1, not always correlating with cell surface protein levels. In this study, we tested a panel of novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that specifically recognize human IFN-λR1. Initially, antigen specificity was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), from which a subset of antibodies was selected for additional flow cytometry and neutralization assays. We further characterized two antibodies based on their strong ELISA binding activity (HLR1 and HLR14) and found only HLR14 could reliably detect cell surface IFN-λR1 protein on a variety of cell lines by flow cytometry. HLR14 could also detect IFN-λR1 protein on certain primary human blood cells, including plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells from peripheral blood. Availability of the HLR14 mAb will enable the quantification of IFN-λR1 protein levels on cells and better characterization of the cell specificity of the IFN-λ response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A de Weerd
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | - Xinyun Liu
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Antony Y Matthews
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Amina Ismail
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Julian P Vivian
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - San S Lim
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - D Lorne Tyrrell
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Niru Putcha
- PBL Assay Science, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Harold Dickensheets
- Division of Biotechnology Research and Review II, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas B Lavoie
- PBL Assay Science, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Strategic Biomarker Deployment, Califon, New Jersey, USA
| | - Raymond P Donnelly
- Division of Biotechnology Research and Review II, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul J Hertzog
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Deanna M Santer
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Baker FS, Wang J, Florez-Vargas O, Brand NR, Ogwang MD, Kerchan P, Reynolds SJ, Tenge CN, Were PA, Kuremu RT, Wekesa WN, Masalu N, Kawira E, Kinyera T, Otim I, Legason ID, Nabalende H, Chagaluka G, Mutalima N, Borgstein E, Liomba GN, Kamiza S, Mkandawire N, Mitambo C, Molyneux EM, Newton R, Prokunina-Olsson L, Mbulaiteye SM. IFNL4 Genotypes and Risk of Childhood Burkitt Lymphoma in East Africa. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:394-402. [PMID: 37366802 PMCID: PMC10623078 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon lambda 4 (IFN-λ4) is a novel type-III interferon that can be expressed only by carriers of the genetic variant rs368234815-dG within the first exon of the IFNL4 gene. Genetic inability to produce IFN-λ4 (in carriers of the rs368234815-TT/TT genotype) has been associated with improved clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The IFN-λ4-expressing rs368234815-dG allele (IFNL4-dG) is most common (up to 78%) in West sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), compared to 35% of Europeans and 5% of individuals from East Asia. The negative selection of IFNL4-dG outside Africa suggests that its retention in African populations could provide survival benefits, most likely in children. To explore this hypothesis, we conducted a comprehensive association analysis between IFNL4 genotypes and the risk of childhood Burkitt lymphoma (BL), a lethal infection-associated cancer most common in SSA. We used genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical data for 4,038 children from the Epidemiology of Burkitt Lymphoma in East African Children and Minors (EMBLEM) and the Malawi Infections and Childhood Cancer case-control studies. Generalized linear mixed models fit with the logit link controlling for age, sex, country, P. falciparum infection status, population stratification, and relatedness found no significant association between BL risk and 3 coding genetic variants within IFNL4 (rs368234815, rs117648444, and rs142981501) and their combinations. Because BL occurs in children 6-9 years of age who survived early childhood infections, our results suggest that additional studies should explore the associations of IFNL4-dG allele in younger children. This comprehensive study represents an important baseline in defining the health effects of IFN-λ4 in African populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine S. Baker
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeanny Wang
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Oscar Florez-Vargas
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathan R. Brand
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Martin D. Ogwang
- EMBLEM Study, St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, Uganda
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patrick Kerchan
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
- EMBLEM Study, Kuluva Hospital, Arua, Uganda
| | - Steven J. Reynolds
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Pamela A. Were
- EMBLEM Study, Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Robert T. Kuremu
- EMBLEM Study, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Walter N. Wekesa
- EMBLEM Study, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | - Esther Kawira
- EMBLEM Study, Shirati Health, Education, and Development Foundation, Shirati, Tanzania
| | - Tobias Kinyera
- EMBLEM Study, St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, Uganda
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Isaac Otim
- EMBLEM Study, St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, Uganda
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ismail D. Legason
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
- EMBLEM Study, Kuluva Hospital, Arua, Uganda
| | - Hadijah Nabalende
- EMBLEM Study, St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, Uganda
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - George Chagaluka
- Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Nora Mutalima
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Borgstein
- Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - George N. Liomba
- Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Steve Kamiza
- Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Nyengo Mkandawire
- Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Elizabeth M. Molyneux
- Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Robert Newton
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sam M. Mbulaiteye
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Donnelly RP, Prokunina-Olsson L. The Interferon-Lambda Family Celebrates 20 Years of Scientific Discovery. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:359-362. [PMID: 37725009 PMCID: PMC10623059 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It has now been 20 years since the original discovery of the interferon λ (IFN-λ) family (Kotenko et al., 2003; Sheppard et al., 2003) and 10 years since the subsequent discovery of IFN-λ4 (Prokunina-Olsson et al., 2013). The IFN-λ family (type III IFNs) includes 4 members: IFN-λ1, 2, 3, and 4, and all 4 of these proteins signal through the same heterodimeric receptor complex: IFN-λR1 plus IL-10R2. Throughout the past 20 years, much has been learned about the IFN-λ family and the important role of these cytokines in antiviral responses against viruses such as hepatitis C virus, influenza A virus, and SARS-CoV-2. This special issue of the Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research (JICR) features a group of new reports that highlight recent developments regarding various aspects of IFN-λ-mediated responses. Many of these reports were first presented during the Interferon Lambda 2022 Satellite Meeting after the "Cytokines 2022" meeting in Hawaii. These articles underscore the fact that our understanding of the IFN-λ family continues to evolve and remains a critical subject area for additional future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond P. Donnelly
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Bharatiya S, Agarwal A, Chinnaswamy S. A Novel Inactive Isoform with a Restored Reading Frame Is Expressed from the Human Interferon Lambda 4 TT Allele at rs368234815. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:370-378. [PMID: 36880961 PMCID: PMC10517323 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The TT allele of the dinucleotide variant rs368234815 (TT/ΔG) abolishes the open reading frame (ORF) created by the ancestral ΔG allele of the human interferon lambda 4 (IFNL4) gene, thus preventing the expression of a functional IFN-λ4 protein. While probing the expression of IFN-λ4 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), using a monoclonal antibody that binds to the C-terminus of IFN-λ4, surprisingly, we observed that PBMCs obtained from TT/TT genotype individuals could also express proteins that reacted with the IFN-λ4-specific antibody. We confirmed that these products did not emanate from the IFNL4 paralog, IF1IC2 gene. Using cell lines and overexpressing human IFNL4 gene constructs, we obtained evidence from Western blots to show that the TT allele could express a protein that reacted with the IFN-λ4 C-terminal-specific antibody. It had a molecular weight similar if not identical to IFN-λ4 expressed from the ΔG allele. Furthermore, the same start and stop codons used by the ΔG allele were used to express the novel isoform from the TT allele suggesting that a restoration of the ORF had occurred in the body of the mRNA. However, this TT allele isoform did not induce any IFN-stimulated gene expression. Our data do not support a ribosomal frameshift that leads to the expression of this new isoform, implying that an alternate splicing event may be responsible. An N-terminal-specific monoclonal antibody did not react with the novel protein isoform suggesting that the alternate splicing event likely occurs beyond exon 2. The new isoform is glycosylated similar to the functional IFN-λ4 and is also secreted. Furthermore, we show that the ΔG allele can also potentially express a similarly frameshifted isoform. The splicing event that leads to the generation of these novel isoforms and their functional significance remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Bharatiya
- Infectious Disease Genetics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Aditya Agarwal
- Infectious Disease Genetics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Sreedhar Chinnaswamy
- Infectious Disease Genetics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
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Vanker M, Särekannu K, Fekkar A, Jørgensen SE, Haljasmägi L, Kallaste A, Kisand K, Lember M, Peterson P, Menon M, Hussell T, Knight S, Moore-Stanley J, Bastard P, Zhang SY, Mogensen TH, Philippot Q, Zhang Q, Puel A, Casanova JL, Kisand K. Autoantibodies Neutralizing Type III Interferons Are Uncommon in Patients with Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:379-393. [PMID: 37253131 PMCID: PMC10517334 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies (AABs) neutralizing type I interferons (IFN) underlie about 15% of cases of critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. The impact of autoimmunity toward type III IFNs remains unexplored. We included samples from 1,002 patients with COVID-19 (50% with severe disease) and 1,489 SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals. We studied the prevalence and neutralizing capacity of AABs toward IFNλ and IFNα. Luciferase-based immunoprecipitation method was applied using pooled IFNα (subtypes 1, 2, 8, and 21) or pooled IFNλ1-IFNλ3 as antigens, followed by reporter cell-based neutralization assay. In the SARS-CoV-2-naive cohort, IFNλ AABs were more common (8.5%) than those targeting IFNα2 (2.9%) and were related with older age. In the COVID-19 cohort the presence of autoreactivity to IFNλ did not associate with severe disease [odds ratio (OR) 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40-1.73], unlike to IFNα (OR 4.88; 95% CI 2.40-11.06; P < 0.001). Most IFNλ AAB-positive COVID-19 samples (67%) did not neutralize any of the 3 IFNλ subtypes. Pan-IFNλ neutralization occurred in 5 patients (0.50%), who all suffered from severe COVID-19 pneumonia, and 4 of them neutralized IFNα2 in addition to IFNλ. Overall, AABs to type III IFNs are rarely neutralizing, and do not seem to predispose to severe COVID-19 pneumonia on their own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martti Vanker
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karita Särekannu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Arnaud Fekkar
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sofie Eg Jørgensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Liis Haljasmägi
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anne Kallaste
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kalle Kisand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Margus Lember
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Madhvi Menon
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Knight
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Respiratory Department, Salford Care Organisation, Northern Care Alliance Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James Moore-Stanley
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Bastard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Trine H. Mogensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Quentin Philippot
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kai Kisand
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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37
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Antos D, Alcorn JF. IFNλ: balancing the light and dark side in pulmonary infection. mBio 2023; 14:e0285022. [PMID: 37278532 PMCID: PMC10470512 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02850-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) represents a well-known component of antiviral immunity that has been studied extensively for its mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential when antiviral treatment options are limited. Specifically in the respiratory tract, IFNs are induced directly on viral recognition to limit the spread and transmission of the virus. Recent focus has been on the IFNλ family, which has become an exciting focus in recent years for its potent antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities against viruses infecting barrier sites, including the respiratory tract. However, insights into the interplay between IFNλs and other pulmonary infections are more limited and suggest a more complex role, potentially detrimental, than what was seen during viral infections. Here, we review the role of IFNλs in pulmonary infections, including viral, bacterial, fungal, and multi-pathogen super-infections, and how this may impact future work in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Antos
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John F. Alcorn
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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38
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Feld JJ, Bruneau J, Dore GJ, Ghany MG, Hansen B, Sulkowski M, Thomas DL. Controlled Human Infection Model for Hepatitis C Virus Vaccine Development: Trial Design Considerations. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:S262-S269. [PMID: 37579209 PMCID: PMC10425135 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of a clinical trial for a controlled human infection model (CHIM) to accelerate hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine development requires careful consideration. The design of a potential approach to HCV CHIM is outlined, involving initial sentinel cohorts to establish the safety and curability of the viral inoculum followed by larger cohorts to establish the spontaneous clearance rate for each inoculum. The primary endpoint would be HCV clearance by 24 weeks post-inoculation, recognizing that the prevention of chronic infection would be the primary goal of HCV vaccine candidates. Additional considerations are discussed, including the populations to be enrolled, the required monitoring approach, indications for antiviral therapy, and the required sample size for different CHIM approaches. Finally, safety considerations for CHIM participants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gregory J Dore
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marc G Ghany
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bettina Hansen
- Department of Medicine, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Sulkowski
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David L Thomas
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Rathore D, Marino MJ, Nita-Lazar A. Omics and systems view of innate immune pathways. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200407. [PMID: 37269203 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiomics approaches to studying systems biology are very powerful techniques that can elucidate changes in the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels within a cell type in response to an infection. These approaches are valuable for understanding the mechanisms behind disease pathogenesis and how the immune system responds to being challenged. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance and utility of these tools have become evident in garnering a better understanding of the systems biology within the innate and adaptive immune response and for developing treatments and preventative measures for new and emerging pathogens that pose a threat to human health. In this review, we focus on state-of-the-art omics technologies within the scope of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Rathore
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew J Marino
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aleksandra Nita-Lazar
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Mertowska P, Smolak K, Mertowski S, Grywalska E. Immunomodulatory Role of Interferons in Viral and Bacterial Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10115. [PMID: 37373262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons are a group of immunomodulatory substances produced by the human immune system in response to the presence of pathogens, especially during viral and bacterial infections. Their remarkably diverse mechanisms of action help the immune system fight infections by activating hundreds of genes involved in signal transduction pathways. In this review, we focus on discussing the interplay between the IFN system and seven medically important and challenging viruses (herpes simplex virus (HSV), influenza, hepatitis C virus (HCV), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and SARS-CoV coronavirus) to highlight the diversity of viral strategies. In addition, the available data also suggest that IFNs play an important role in the course of bacterial infections. Research is currently underway to identify and elucidate the exact role of specific genes and effector pathways in generating the antimicrobial response mediated by IFNs. Despite the numerous studies on the role of interferons in antimicrobial responses, many interdisciplinary studies are still needed to understand and optimize their use in personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Mertowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Konrad Smolak
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Mertowski
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Yin H, Li S, Chai C, Zhang F, Ma Y, Wu Y, Fu C, Diao Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Niu R, Wang W. Biological activity of recombinant bovine IFN-α and inhibitory effect on BVDV in vitro. Microb Pathog 2023:106155. [PMID: 37301331 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferon has great broad-spectrum antiviral ability and immunomodulatory function, and its receptors are expressed in almost all types of cells. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important pathogen causing significant economic losses in cattle. In this study, a recombinant expression plasmid carrying bovine interferon-α(BoIFN-α)gene was constructed and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) competent cells. SDS-PAGE and Westernblotting analysis showed that the recombinant BoIFN-α protein (rBoIFN-α) was successfully expressed. It is about 36KD and exists in the form of inclusion body. When denatured, purified and renatured rBoIFN-α protein stimulated MDBK cells, the expression of interferon stimulating genes (ISGs) such as ISG15, OAS1, IFIT1, Mx1 and IFITM1 were significantly up-regulated, and reached the peak at 12 h (P< 0.001). MDBK cells were infected with BVDV with moi of 0.1 and 1.0, respectively. The virus proliferation was observed after pretreatment with rBoIFN-α protein and post-infection treatment. The results showed that the denatured, purified and renatured BoIFN-α protein had good biological activity and could inhibit the replication of BVDV in MDBK cells in vitro, which provided a basis for BoIFN-α as an antiviral drug, immune enhancer and clinical application of BVDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Chunxia Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China; Veterinary Research Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanhua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China; Basic Medical School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Youzhi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Cun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Yun Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Rui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China.
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Munir A, Ahmed N, Akram M, Fujimura NA, Tahir S, Malik K. Enhanced soluble expression of active recombinant human interleukin-29 using champion pET SUMO system. Biotechnol Lett 2023:10.1007/s10529-023-03402-x. [PMID: 37266881 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Current research focuses on the soluble and high-level expression of biologically active recombinant human IL-29 protein in Escherichia coli. The codon-optimized IL-29 gene was cloned into the Champion™ pET SUMO expression system downstream of the SUMO tag under the influence of the T7 lac promoter. The expression of SUMO-fused IL-29 protein was compared in E. coli Rosetta 2(DE3), Rosetta 2(DE3) pLysS, and Rosetta-gami 2(DE3). The release of the SUMO fusion partner resulted in approximately 98 mg of native rhIL-29 protein with a purity of 99% from 1 l of fermentation culture. Purified rhIL-29 was found to be biologically active, as evaluated by its anti-proliferation assay. It was found that Champion™ pET SUMO expression system can be used to obtained high yield of biologically active soluble recombinant human protein compared to other expression vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Munir
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nao Akusa Fujimura
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saad Tahir
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kausar Malik
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Quiros-Roldan E, Sottini A, Signorini SG, Serana F, Tiecco G, Imberti L. Autoantibodies to Interferons in Infectious Diseases. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051215. [PMID: 37243300 DOI: 10.3390/v15051215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-cytokine autoantibodies and, in particular, anti-type I interferons are increasingly described in association with immunodeficient, autoimmune, and immune-dysregulated conditions. Their presence in otherwise healthy individuals may result in a phenotype characterized by a predisposition to infections with several agents. For instance, anti-type I interferon autoantibodies are implicated in Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pathogenesis and found preferentially in patients with critical disease. However, autoantibodies were also described in the serum of patients with viral, bacterial, and fungal infections not associated with COVID-19. In this review, we provide an overview of anti-cytokine autoantibodies identified to date and their clinical associations; we also discuss whether they can act as enemies or friends, i.e., are capable of acting in a beneficial or harmful way, and if they may be linked to gender or immunosenescence. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the production of autoantibodies could improve the approach to treating some infections, focusing not only on pathogens, but also on the possibility of a low degree of autoimmunity in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Quiros-Roldan
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia and University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sottini
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Federico Serana
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Tiecco
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia and University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Imberti
- Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, P. le Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Gudima G, Kofiadi I, Shilovskiy I, Kudlay D, Khaitov M. Antiviral Therapy of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108867. [PMID: 37240213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the scientific community has focused on prophylactic vaccine development. In parallel, the experience of the pharmacotherapy of this disease has increased. Due to the declining protective capacity of vaccines against new strains, as well as increased knowledge about the structure and biology of the pathogen, control of the disease has shifted to the focus of antiviral drug development over the past year. Clinical data on safety and efficacy of antivirals acting at various stages of the virus life cycle has been published. In this review, we summarize mechanisms and clinical efficacy of antiviral therapy of COVID-19 with drugs based on plasma of convalescents, monoclonal antibodies, interferons, fusion inhibitors, nucleoside analogs, and protease inhibitors. The current status of the drugs described is also summarized in relation to the official clinical guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19. In addition, here we describe innovative drugs whose antiviral effect is provided by antisense oligonucleotides targeting the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Analysis of laboratory and clinical data suggests that current antivirals successfully combat broad spectra of emerging strains of SARS-CoV-2 providing reliable defense against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgii Gudima
- NRC Institute of Immunology, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Kofiadi
- NRC Institute of Immunology, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Immunology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Shilovskiy
- NRC Institute of Immunology, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kudlay
- NRC Institute of Immunology, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Musa Khaitov
- NRC Institute of Immunology, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Immunology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Larsen TV, Daugaard TF, Gad HH, Hartmann R, Nielsen AL. PD-L1 and PD-L2 immune checkpoint protein induction by type III interferon in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152389. [PMID: 37146414 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the clinical success of PD-1/PD-1-ligand immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the appearance of primary and acquired therapy resistance is a major challenge reflecting that the mechanisms regulating the expression of the PD-1-ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 are not fully explored. Type I and II interferons (IFNs) induce PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression. Here, we examined if PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression also can be induced by type III IFN, IFN-λ, which is peculiarly important for airway epithelial surfaces. METHODS In silico mRNA expression analysis of PD-L1 (CD274), PD-L2 (PDCD1LG2), and IFN- λ signaling signature genes in NSCLC tumors and cell lines was performed using RNA sequencing expression data from TCGA, OncoSG, and DepMap portals. IFN-λ-mediated induction of PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in NSCLC cell lines was examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. RESULTS IFNL genes encoding IFN- λ variants are expressed in the majority of NSCLC tumors and cell lines along with the IFNLR1 and IL10R2 genes encoding the IFN-λ receptor subunits. The expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 mRNA is higher in NSCLC tumors with IFNL mRNA expression compared to tumors without IFNL expression. In the NSCLC cell line HCC827, stimulation with IFN-λ induced both an increase in PD-L1 and PD-L2 mRNA expression and cell surface abundance of the corresponding proteins. In the NSCLC cell line A427, displaying a low basal expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 mRNA and corresponding proteins, stimulation with IFN-λ resulted in an induction of the former. CONCLUSION The type III IFN, IFN- λ, is capable of inducing PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression, at least in some NSCLC cells, and this regulation will need acknowledgment in the development of new diagnostic procedures, such as gene expression signature profiles, to improve PD-1/PD-1-ligand immunotherapy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans Henrik Gad
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Rune Hartmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Martínez-Espinoza I, Guerrero-Plata A. Current Landscape of IFN-λ: Induction, Inhibition, and Potential Clinical Applications to Treat Respiratory Viral Infections. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:265-272. [PMID: 37071039 PMCID: PMC10579847 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IFN-λ or type III IFN is an important mediator of antiviral response. Several respiratory viruses induce the production of IFN-λ during their course of infection. However, they have also developed intricate mechanisms to inhibit its expression and activity. Despite a considerable amount of research on the regulatory mechanisms of respiratory viruses on the IFN-λ response, little is still known about the effect of this cytokine on immune cells and the antiviral effects of all IFN-λ isoforms, and a better understanding of the detrimental effects of IFN-λ treatment is required. Here we highlight the relevance of IFN-λ as an antiviral cytokine in the respiratory tract. Data from studies in vitro, ex vivo, experimental animal models, and ongoing clinical trials emphasize the therapeutic opportunity that IFN-λ represents to treat and prevent different types of respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Martínez-Espinoza
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Antonieta Guerrero-Plata
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
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Pandey B, Baral R, Kaundinnyayana A, Panta S. Promising hepatoprotective agents from the natural sources: a study of scientific evidence. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-023-00248-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Natural bioactive components derived from plant secondary metabolites have been pronounced as valuable alternatives for anticipating and subsiding hepatotoxic effects and its chronic complications based on experimental verification. The focus of this review is to elucidate the commonly used modern medicine for the treatment of liver disease and how major phytoconstituents have been tested for hepatoprotective activity, mechanism of action of some promising agents from natural sources, and clinical trial data for treating in patients with different liver diseases by the aid of natural phytoconstituents.
Main text
The review shows fifteen major isolated phytoconstituents, their biological sources, chemical structures, utilized plant parts, type of extracts used, hepatoprotective assay method, and their possible mechanism of action on the hepatoprotection. Nine promising hepatoprotective leads from natural sources with their chemistry and hepatoprotective mechanism are mentioned briefly. The review further includes the recent clinical trial studies of some hepatoprotective leads and their clinical outcome with different liver disease patients. Scientific studies revealed that antioxidant properties are the central mechanism for the phytoconstituents to subside different disease pathways by upsurging antioxidant defense system of cells, scavenging free radicals, down surging lipid peroxidation, improving anti-inflammatory potential, and further protecting the hepatic cell injury. In this review, we summarize recent development of natural product-based hepatoprotective leads and their curative potential for various sort of liver diseases. Furthermore, the usefulness of hit and lead molecules from natural sources for significant clinical benefit to discover new drug molecule and downsizing the problems of medication and chemical-induced hepatotoxic effects is extrapolated.
Conclusion
Further research are encouraged to elucidate the pharmacological principle of these natural-based chemical agents which will stimulate future pharmaceutical development of therapeutically beneficial hepatoprotective regimens.
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Lopez-Scarim J, Nambiar SM, Billerbeck E. Studying T Cell Responses to Hepatotropic Viruses in the Liver Microenvironment. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:681. [PMID: 36992265 PMCID: PMC10056334 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells play an important role in the clearance of hepatotropic viruses but may also cause liver injury and contribute to disease progression in chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections which affect millions of people worldwide. The liver provides a unique microenvironment of immunological tolerance and hepatic immune regulation can modulate the functional properties of T cell subsets and influence the outcome of a virus infection. Extensive research over the last years has advanced our understanding of hepatic conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and unconventional T cell subsets and their functions in the liver environment during acute and chronic viral infections. The recent development of new small animal models and technological advances should further increase our knowledge of hepatic immunological mechanisms. Here we provide an overview of the existing models to study hepatic T cells and review the current knowledge about the distinct roles of heterogeneous T cell populations during acute and chronic viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eva Billerbeck
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Murillo-León M, Bastidas-Quintero AM, Endres NS, Schnepf D, Delgado-Betancourt E, Ohnemus A, Taylor GA, Schwemmle M, Staeheli P, Steinfeldt T. IFN-λ is protective against lethal oral Toxoplasma gondii infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.24.529861. [PMID: 36865100 PMCID: PMC9980175 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.24.529861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Interferons are essential for innate and adaptive immune responses against a wide variety of pathogens. Interferon lambda (IFN-λ) protects mucosal barriers during pathogen exposure. The intestinal epithelium is the first contact site for Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) with its hosts and the first defense line that limits parasite infection. Knowledge of very early T. gondii infection events in the gut tissue is limited and a possible contribution of IFN-λ has not been investigated so far. Here, we demonstrate with systemic interferon lambda receptor (IFNLR1) and conditional (Villin-Cre) knockout mouse models and bone marrow chimeras of oral T. gondii infection and mouse intestinal organoids a significant impact of IFN-λ signaling in intestinal epithelial cells and neutrophils to T. gondii control in the gastrointestinal tract. Our results expand the repertoire of interferons that contribute to the control of T. gondii and may lead to novel therapeutic approaches against this world-wide zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Murillo-León
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aura M. Bastidas-Quintero
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niklas S. Endres
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Current address:Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Schnepf
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Current address: Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Annette Ohnemus
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gregory A. Taylor
- Departments of Medicine; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; and Immunology; and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710 Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, NC 27705 Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Staeheli
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Steinfeldt
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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50
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Assessment of the Interferon-Lambda-3 Polymorphism in the Antibody Response to COVID-19 in Older Adults Seropositive for CMV. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020480. [PMID: 36851357 PMCID: PMC9963200 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, we investigated the impact of IFN-lambda-3 polymorphism on specific IgG responses for COVID-19 in older adults seropositive for CMV. METHODS Blood samples of 25 older adults of both sexes were obtained at three different times: during a micro-outbreak (MO) of SARS-CoV-2 in 2020; eight months after (CURE); and 30 days after the administration of the second dose of ChadOx-1 vaccine (VAC). The specific IgG for both SARS-CoV-2 and CMV antigens, neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and also the polymorphism profile for IFN-lambda-3 (rs12979860 C > T) were assessed. RESULTS Higher levels of specific IgG for SARS-CoV-2 antigens were found in the MO and VAC than in the CURE time-point. Volunteers with specific neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 showed better specific IgG responses for SARS-CoV-2 and lower specific IgG levels for CMV than volunteers without specific neutralizing antibodies. Significant negative correlations between the specific IgG levels for SARS-CoV-2 and CMV were found at the MO time-point, as well as in the group of individuals homozygous for allele 1 (C/C) in the MO time-point and heterozygotes (C/T) in the CURE time-point. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that both CMV seropositivity and the homozygosis for allele 1 (C/C) in IFN-lambda-3 gene can negatively impact the antibody response to COVID-19 infection and vaccination in older adults.
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