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Zhang J, Wen J, Dai Z, Zhang H, Zhang N, Lei R, Liu Z, Peng L, Cheng Q. Causal association and shared genetics between telomere length and COVID-19 outcomes: New evidence from the latest large-scale summary statistics. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:2429-2441. [PMID: 38882679 PMCID: PMC11176559 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies suggested that leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is shortened in COVID-19 patients. However, the genetic association and causality remained unknown. Methods Based on the genome-wide association of LTL (N = 472,174) and COVID-19 phenotypes (N = 1086,211-2597,856), LDSC and SUPERGNOVA were used to estimate the genetic correlation. Cross-trait GWAS meta-analysis, colocalization, fine-mapping analysis, and transcriptome-wide association study were conducted to explore the shared genetic etiology. Mendelian randomization (MR) was utilized to infer the causality. Upstream and downstream two-step MR was performed to investigate the potential mediating effects. Results LDSC identified a significant genetic association between LTL and all COVID-19 phenotypes (rG < 0, p < 0.05). Six significant regions were observed for LTL and COVID-19 susceptibility and hospitalization, respectively. Colocalization analysis found rs144204502, rs34517439, and rs56255908 were shared causal variants between LTL and COVID-19 phenotypes. Numerous biological pathways associated with LTL and COVID-19 outcomes were identified, mainly involved in -immune-related pathways. MR showed that longer LTL was significantly associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 severity (OR [95% CI] = 0.81 [0.71-0.92], p = 1.24 ×10-3) and suggestively associated with lower risks of COVID-19 susceptibility (OR [95% CI] = 0.96 [0.92-1.00], p = 3.44 ×10-2) and COVID-19 hospitalization (OR [95% CI] = 0.89 [0.80-0.98], p = 1.89 ×10-2). LTL partially mediated the effects of BMI, smoking, and education on COVID-19 outcomes. Furthermore, six proteins partially mediated the causality of LTL on COVID-19 outcomes, including BNDF, QPCT, FAS, MPO, SFTPB, and APOF. Conclusions Our findings suggested that shorter LTL was genetically associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 phenotypes, with shared genetic etiology and potential causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyu Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruoyan Lei
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Luo Peng
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Liu J, Wang X, Huang L, Lin X, Yin W, Chen M. Causal relationships between gut microbiome and aplastic anemia: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Hematology 2024; 29:2399421. [PMID: 39240224 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2024.2399421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous observational studies have hinted at a potential correlation between aplastic anemia (AA) and the gut microbiome. However, the precise nature of this bidirectional causal relationship remains uncertain. METHODS We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the potential causal link between the gut microbiome and AA. Statistical analysis of the gut microbiome was based on data from an extensive meta-analysis (genome-wide association study) conducted by the MiBioGen Alliance, involving 18,340 samples. Summary statistical data for AA were obtained from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit database. Single -nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were estimated and summarized using inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, and weighted median methods in the bidirectional MR analysis. Cochran's Q test, MR Egger intercept test, and sensitivity analysis were employed to assess SNP heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and stability. RESULTS The IVW analysis revealed a significant correlation between AA and 10 bacterial taxa. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to support a causal relationship between AA and the composition of gut microbiome. CONCLUSION This study suggests a causal connection between the prevalence of specific gut microbiome and AA. Further investigation into the interaction between particular bacterial communities and AA could enhance efforts in prevention, monitoring, and treatment of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Haematology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Haematology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Haematology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlu Lin
- Department of Haematology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Haematology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, People's Republic of China
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Mercado G, Kaeufer C, Richter F, Peelaerts W. Infections in the Etiology of Parkinson's Disease and Synucleinopathies: A Renewed Perspective, Mechanistic Insights, and Therapeutic Implications. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024:JPD240195. [PMID: 39331109 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-240195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a potential role for infectious pathogens in the etiology of synucleinopathies, a group of age-related neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies. In this review, we discuss the link between infections and synucleinopathies from a historical perspective, present emerging evidence that supports this link, and address current research challenges with a focus on neuroinflammation. Infectious pathogens can elicit a neuroinflammatory response and modulate genetic risk in PD and related synucleinopathies. The mechanisms of how infections might be linked with synucleinopathies as well as the overlap between the immune cellular pathways affected by virulent pathogens and disease-related genetic risk factors are discussed. Here, an important role for α-synuclein in the immune response against infections is emerging. Critical methodological and knowledge gaps are addressed, and we provide new future perspectives on how to address these gaps. Understanding how infections and neuroinflammation influence synucleinopathies will be essential for the development of early diagnostic tools and novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Mercado
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Kaeufer
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Franziska Richter
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wouter Peelaerts
- Laboratory for Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Hoang N, Sardaripour N, Ramey GD, Schilling K, Liao E, Chen Y, Park JH, Bledsoe X, Landman BA, Gamazon ER, Benton ML, Capra JA, Rubinov M. Integration of estimated regional gene expression with neuroimaging and clinical phenotypes at biobank scale. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002782. [PMID: 39269986 PMCID: PMC11424006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
An understanding of human brain individuality requires the integration of data on brain organization across people and brain regions, molecular and systems scales, as well as healthy and clinical states. Here, we help advance this understanding by leveraging methods from computational genomics to integrate large-scale genomic, transcriptomic, neuroimaging, and electronic-health record data sets. We estimated genetically regulated gene expression (gr-expression) of 18,647 genes, across 10 cortical and subcortical regions of 45,549 people from the UK Biobank. First, we showed that patterns of estimated gr-expression reflect known genetic-ancestry relationships, regional identities, as well as inter-regional correlation structure of directly assayed gene expression. Second, we performed transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) to discover 1,065 associations between individual variation in gr-expression and gray-matter volumes across people and brain regions. We benchmarked these associations against results from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the same sample and found hundreds of novel associations relative to these GWAS. Third, we integrated our results with clinical associations of gr-expression from the Vanderbilt Biobank. This integration allowed us to link genes, via gr-expression, to neuroimaging and clinical phenotypes. Fourth, we identified associations of polygenic gr-expression with structural and functional MRI phenotypes in the Human Connectome Project (HCP), a small neuroimaging-genomic data set with high-quality functional imaging data. Finally, we showed that estimates of gr-expression and magnitudes of TWAS were generally replicable and that the p-values of TWAS were replicable in large samples. Collectively, our results provide a powerful new resource for integrating gr-expression with population genetics of brain organization and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhung Hoang
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Neda Sardaripour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Grace D. Ramey
- Biological and Medical Informatics Division, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kurt Schilling
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Emily Liao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yiting Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jee Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Xavier Bledsoe
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Bennett A. Landman
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Eric R. Gamazon
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mary Lauren Benton
- Department of Computer Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | - John A. Capra
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mikail Rubinov
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, United States of America
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Shen J, Lai W, Li Z, Zhu W, Bai X, Yang Z, Wang Q, Ji J. SDS3 regulates microglial inflammation by modulating the expression of the upstream kinase ASK1 in the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:1547-1564. [PMID: 39008037 PMCID: PMC11349808 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia, the main innate immune cells in the central nervous system, are key drivers of neuroinflammation, which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The Sin3/histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex, a highly conserved multiprotein co-repressor complex, primarily performs transcriptional repression via deacetylase activity; however, the function of SDS3, which maintains the integrity of the complex, in microglia remains unclear. METHODS To uncover the regulatory role of the transcriptional co-repressor SDS3 in microglial inflammation, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation to identify SDS3 target genes and combined with transcriptomics and proteomics analysis to explore expression changes in cells following SDS3 knocking down. Subsequently, we validated our findings through experimental assays. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that SDS3 modulates the expression of the upstream kinase ASK1 of the p38 MAPK pathway, thus regulating the activation of signaling pathways and ultimately influencing inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide important evidence of the contributions of SDS3 toward microglial inflammation and offer new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of microglial inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Wenjia Lai
- Division of Nanotechnology Development, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zeyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zihao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Jianguo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Yang Y, Zhou ZD, Yi L, Tan BJW, Tan EK. Interaction between caffeine consumption & genetic susceptibility in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102381. [PMID: 38914264 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine is one of the most consumed psychoactive substances globally. Caffeine-gene interactions in Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been systematically examined. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review on the interaction between caffeine consumption and genetic susceptibility to PD. METHODOLOGY We conducted PubMed and Embase search using terms "Genetic association studies", "Caffeine", "polymorphism" and "Parkinson's disease", from inception till 2023. Of the initial 2391 studies, 21 case-control studies were included. The demographic, genetic and clinical data were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS We identified 21 studies which involved a total of 607,074 study subjects and 17 gene loci (SNCA, MAPT, HLA-DRA, NOS1, NOS3, GBA, ApoE, BST1, ESR2, NAT2, SLC2A13, LRRK2, NOS2A, GRIN2A, CYP1A2, ESR1, ADORA2A) have been investigated for the effect of gene-caffeine interaction and PD risk. The genes were identified through PD GWAS or involved in caffeine or related metabolism pathways. Based on the genetic association and interaction studies, only MAPT, SLC2A13, LRRK2, ApoE, NOS2A, GRIN2A, CYP1A2, and ADORA2A have been shown by at least one study to have a positive caffeine-gene interaction influencing the risk of PD. CONCLUSION Studies have shown an interaction between caffeine with genetic variants of MAPT, SLC2A13, LRRK2, ApoE, NOS2A, GRIN2A, CYP1A2, and ADORA2A in modulating the risk of PD. Due to the potential limitations of these discovery/pilot studies, further independent replication studies are needed. Better designed genetic association studies in multi-ancestry and admixed cohorts to identify potential shared or unique multivariate gene-environmental interactions, as well as functional studies of gene-caffeine interactions will be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Zhi Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Lingxiao Yi
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore.
| | | | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
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Barbuti PA. A-Syn(ful) MAM: A Fresh Perspective on a Converging Domain in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6525. [PMID: 38928232 PMCID: PMC11203789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disease of an unknown origin. Despite that, decades of research have provided considerable evidence that alpha-synuclein (αSyn) is central to the pathogenesis of disease. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs) are functional domains formed at contact sites between the ER and mitochondria, with a well-established function of MAMs being the control of lipid homeostasis within the cell. Additionally, there are numerous proteins localized or enriched at MAMs that have regulatory roles in several different molecular signaling pathways required for cellular homeostasis, such as autophagy and neuroinflammation. Alterations in several of these signaling pathways that are functionally associated with MAMs are found in PD. Taken together with studies that find αSyn localized at MAMs, this has implicated MAM (dys)function as a converging domain relevant to PD. This review will highlight the many functions of MAMs and provide an overview of the literature that finds αSyn, in addition to several other PD-related proteins, localized there. This review will also detail the direct interaction of αSyn and αSyn-interacting partners with specific MAM-resident proteins. In addition, recent studies exploring new methods to investigate MAMs will be discussed, along with some of the controversies regarding αSyn, including its several conformations and subcellular localizations. The goal of this review is to highlight and provide insight on a domain that is incompletely understood and, from a PD perspective, highlight those complex interactions that may hold the key to understanding the pathomechanisms underlying PD, which may lead to the targeted development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Barbuti
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Gu R, Pan J, Awan MUN, Sun X, Yan F, Bai L, Bai J. The major histocompatibility complex participates in Parkinson's disease. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107168. [PMID: 38583689 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn). The central nervous system (CNS) has previously been considered as an immune-privileged area. However, studies have shown that the immune responses are involved in PD. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) presents antigens from antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to T lymphocytes, immune responses will be induced. MHCs are expressed in microglia, astrocytes, and dopaminergic neurons. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in MHC are related to the risk of PD. The aggregated α-syn triggers the expression of MHCs by activating glia cells. CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes responses and microglia activation are detected in brains of PD patients. In addiction immune responses further increase blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and T cell infiltration in PD. Thus, MHCs are involved in PD through participating in immune and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Gu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jianyu Pan
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Maher Un Nisa Awan
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Liping Bai
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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Castro-Gomez S, Heneka MT. Innate immune activation in neurodegenerative diseases. Immunity 2024; 57:790-814. [PMID: 38599171 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Activation of the innate immune system following pattern recognition receptor binding has emerged as one of the major pathogenic mechanisms in neurodegenerative disease. Experimental, epidemiological, pathological, and genetic evidence underscores the meaning of innate immune activation during the prodromal as well as clinical phases of several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal dementia. Importantly, innate immune activation and the subsequent release of inflammatory mediators contribute mechanistically to other hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases such as aberrant proteostatis, pathological protein aggregation, cytoskeleton abnormalities, altered energy homeostasis, RNA and DNA defects, and synaptic and network disbalance and ultimately to the induction of neuronal cell death. In this review, we discuss common mechanisms of innate immune activation in neurodegeneration, with particular emphasis on the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and other receptors involved in the detection of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Castro-Gomez
- Center for Neurology, Department of Parkinson, Sleep and Movement Disorders, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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10
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Kulski JK, Suzuki S, Shiina T, Pfaff AL, Kõks S. Regulatory SVA retrotransposons and classical HLA genotyped-transcripts associated with Parkinson's disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1349030. [PMID: 38590523 PMCID: PMC10999589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1349030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative and polygenic disorder characterised by the progressive loss of neural dopamine and onset of movement disorders. We previously described eight SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA) retrotransposon-insertion-polymorphisms (RIPs) located and expressed within the Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) genomic region of chromosome 6 that modulate the differential co-expression of 71 different genes including the HLA classical class I and class II genes in a Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort. Aims and methods In the present study, we (1) reanalysed the PPMI genomic and transcriptomic sequencing data obtained from whole blood of 1521 individuals (867 cases and 654 controls) to infer the genotypes of the transcripts expressed by eight classical HLA class I and class II genes as well as DRA and the DRB3/4/5 haplotypes, and (2) examined the statistical differences between three different PD subgroups (cases) and healthy controls (HC) for the HLA and SVA transcribed genotypes and inferred haplotypes. Results Significant differences for 57 expressed HLA alleles (21 HLA class I and 36 HLA class II alleles) up to the three-field resolution and four of eight expressed SVA were detected at p<0.05 by the Fisher's exact test within one or other of three different PD subgroups (750 individuals with PD, 57 prodromes, 60 individuals who had scans without evidence of dopamine deficits [SWEDD]), when compared against a group of 654 HCs within the PPMI cohort and when not corrected by the Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons. Fourteen of 20 significant alleles were unique to the PD-HC comparison, whereas 31 of the 57 alleles overlapped between two or more different subgroup comparisons. Only the expressed HLA-DRA*01:01:01 and -DQA1*03:01:01 protective alleles (PD v HC), the -DQA1*03:03:01 risk (HC v Prodrome) or protective allele (PD v Prodrome), the -DRA*01:01:02 and -DRB4*01:03:02 risk alleles (SWEDD v HC), and the NR_SVA_381 present genotype (PD v HC) at a 5% homozygous insertion frequency near HLA-DPA1, were significant (Pc<0.1) after Bonferroni corrections. The homologous NR_SVA_381 insertion significantly decreased the transcription levels of HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 in the PPMI cohort and its presence as a homozygous genotype is a risk factor (Pc=0.012) for PD. The most frequent NR_SVA_381 insertion haplotype in the PPMI cohort was NR_SVA_381/DPA1*02/DPB1*01 (3.7%). Although HLA C*07/B*07/DRB5*01/DRB1*15/DQB1*06 was the most frequent HLA 5-loci phased-haplotype (n, 76) in the PPMI cohort, the NR_SVA_381 insertion was present in only six of them (8%). Conclusions These data suggest that expressed SVA and HLA gene alleles in circulating white blood cells are coordinated differentially in the regulation of immune responses and the long-term onset and progression of PD, the mechanisms of which have yet to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy K. Kulski
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Health and Medical Science, Division of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Shingo Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiina
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Abigail L. Pfaff
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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11
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Boles JS, Krueger ME, Jernigan JE, Cole CL, Neighbarger NK, Uriarte Huarte O, Tansey MG. A leaky gut dysregulates gene networks in the brain associated with immune activation, oxidative stress, and myelination in a mouse model of colitis. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:473-492. [PMID: 38341052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut and brain are increasingly linked in human disease, with neuropsychiatric conditions classically attributed to the brain showing an involvement of the intestine and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) displaying an ever-expanding list of neurological comorbidities. To identify molecular systems that underpin this gut-brain connection and thus discover therapeutic targets, experimental models of gut dysfunction must be evaluated for brain effects. In the present study, we examine disturbances along the gut-brain axis in a widely used murine model of colitis, the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model, using high-throughput transcriptomics and an unbiased network analysis strategy coupled with standard biochemical outcome measures to achieve a comprehensive approach to identify key disease processes in both colon and brain. We examine the reproducibility of colitis induction with this model and its resulting genetic programs during different phases of disease, finding that DSS-induced colitis is largely reproducible with a few site-specific molecular features. We focus on the circulating immune system as the intermediary between the gut and brain, which exhibits an activation of pro-inflammatory innate immunity during colitis. Our unbiased transcriptomics analysis provides supporting evidence for immune activation in the brain during colitis, suggests that myelination may be a process vulnerable to increased intestinal permeability, and identifies a possible role for oxidative stress and brain oxygenation. Overall, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of multiple systems in a prevalent experimental model of intestinal permeability, which will inform future studies using this model and others, assist in the identification of druggable targets in the gut-brain axis, and contribute to our understanding of the concomitance of intestinal and neuropsychiatric dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Sondag Boles
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Maeve E Krueger
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Janna E Jernigan
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Cassandra L Cole
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Noelle K Neighbarger
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Oihane Uriarte Huarte
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Malú Gámez Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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12
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He R, Zeng Y, Wang C, Chen L, Cai G, Chen Y, Wang Y, Ye Q, Chen X. Associative role of HLA-DRB1 as a protective factor for susceptibility and progression of Parkinson's disease: a Chinese cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1361492. [PMID: 38586829 PMCID: PMC10995924 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1361492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous genome-wide association studies investigating the relationship between the HLA-DRB1 and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) have shown limited racial diversity and have not explored clinical heterogeneity extensively. Methods The study consisted of three parts: a case-control study, a cross-sectional study, and a longitudinal cohort study. The case-control study included 477 PD patients and 477 healthy controls to explore the relationship between rs660895 and PD susceptibility. The cross-sectional study utilized baseline data from 429 PD patients to examine the correlation between rs660895 and PD features. The longitudinal study included 388 PD patients who completed a 3-year follow-up to investigate the effects of rs660895 on PD progression. Results In the case-control study, HLA-DRB1 rs660895-G allele was associated with a decreased risk of PD in allele model (adjusted OR=0.72, p = 0.003) and dominant model (AG + GG vs. AA: adjusted OR = 0.67, p = 0.003). In the cross-sectional analysis, there was no association between rs660895 and the onset age, motor phenotype, or initial motor symptoms. In the longitudinal analysis, PD patients with the G allele exhibited a slower progression of motor symptoms (MDS-UPDRS-III total score: β = -5.42, p < 0.001, interaction ptime × genotype < 0.001) and non-motor symptoms (NMSS score: β = -4.78, p = 0.030, interaction ptime × genotype < 0.001). Conclusion Our findings support HLA-DRB1 rs660895-G allele is a protective genetic factor for PD risk in Chinese population. Furthermore, we also provide new evidence for the protective effect of rs660895-G allele in PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoli He
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaodong Wang
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guoen Cai
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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13
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Stoll AC, Kemp CJ, Patterson JR, Howe JW, Steece-Collier K, Luk KC, Sortwell CE, Benskey MJ. Neuroinflammatory gene expression profiles of reactive glia in the substantia nigra suggest a multidimensional immune response to alpha synuclein inclusions. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 191:106411. [PMID: 38228253 PMCID: PMC10869642 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology is characterized by alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates, degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and neuroinflammation. The presence of reactive glia correlates with deposition of pathological α-syn in early-stage PD. Thus, understanding the neuroinflammatory response of microglia and astrocytes to synucleinopathy may identify therapeutic targets. Here we characterized the neuroinflammatory gene expression profile of reactive microglia and astrocytes in the SNpc during early synucleinopathy in the rat α-syn pre-formed fibril (PFF) model. Rats received intrastriatal injection of α-syn PFFs and expression of immune genes was quantified with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), after which fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to localize gene expression to microglia or astrocytes in the SNpc. Genes previously associated with reactive microglia (Cd74, C1qa, Stat1, Axl, Casp1, Il18, Lyz2) and reactive astrocytes (C3, Gbp2, Serping1) were significantly upregulated in the SN of PFF injected rats. Localization of gene expression to SNpc microglia near α-syn aggregates identified a unique α-syn aggregate microglial gene expression profile characterized by upregulation of Cd74, Cxcl10, Rt-1a2, Grn, Csf1r, Tyrobp, C3, C1qa, Serping1 and Fcer1g. Importantly, significant microglial upregulation of Cd74 and C3 were only observed following injection of α-syn PFFs, not α-syn monomer, confirming specificity to α-syn aggregation. Serping1 expression also localized to astrocytes in the SNpc. Interestingly, C3 expression in the SNpc localized to microglia at 2- and 4-months post-PFF, but to astrocytes at 6-months post-PFF. We also observed expression of Rt1-a2 and Cxcl10 in SNpc dopamine neurons. Cumulatively our results identify a dynamic, yet reproducible gene expression profile of reactive microglia and astrocytes associated with early synucleinopathy in the rat SNpc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Stoll
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Christopher J Kemp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Joseph R Patterson
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jacob W Howe
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Kathy Steece-Collier
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Caryl E Sortwell
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Matthew J Benskey
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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14
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Shih LC, Lin RJ, Chen YL, Fu SC. Unravelling the mechanisms of underweight in Parkinson's disease by investigating into the role of gut microbiome. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:28. [PMID: 38267447 PMCID: PMC10808448 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately half of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from unintentional weight loss and are underweight, complicating the clinical course of PD patients. Gut microbiota alteration has been proven to be associated with PD, and recent studies have shown that gut microbiota could lead to muscle wasting, implying a possible role of gut microbiota in underweight PD. In this study, we aimed to (1) investigate the mechanism underlying underweight in PD patients with respect to gut microbiota and (2) estimate the extent to which gut microbiota may mediate PD-related underweight through mediation analysis. The data were adapted from Hill-Burns et al., in which 330 participants (199 PD, 131 controls) were enrolled in the study. Fecal samples were collected from participants for microbiome analysis. 16S rRNA gene sequence data were processed using DADA2. Mediation analysis was performed to quantify the effect of intestinal microbial alteration on the causal effect of PD on underweight and to identify the key bacteria that significantly mediated PD-related underweight. The results showed that the PD group had significantly more underweight patients (body mass index (BMI) < 18.5) after controlling for age and sex. Ten genera and four species were significantly different in relative abundance between the underweight and non-underweight individuals in the PD group. Mediation analysis showed that 42.29% and 37.91% of the effect of PD on underweight was mediated through intestinal microbial alterations at the genus and species levels, respectively. Five genera (Agathobacter, Eisenbergiella, Fusicatenibacter, Roseburia, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_013) showed significant mediation effects. In conclusion, we found that up to 42.29% of underweight PD cases are mediated by gut microbiota, with increased pro-inflammatory bacteria and decreased SCFA-producing bacteria, which indicates that the pro-inflammatory state, disturbance of metabolism, and interference of appetite regulation may be involved in the mechanism of underweight PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ru-Jen Lin
- National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yan-Lin Chen
- Institute of Statistics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Chen Fu
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC.
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15
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Balestri W, Sharma R, da Silva VA, Bobotis BC, Curle AJ, Kothakota V, Kalantarnia F, Hangad MV, Hoorfar M, Jones JL, Tremblay MÈ, El-Jawhari JJ, Willerth SM, Reinwald Y. Modeling the neuroimmune system in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:32. [PMID: 38263227 PMCID: PMC10807115 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are neurodegenerative disorders caused by the interaction of genetic, environmental, and familial factors. These diseases have distinct pathologies and symptoms that are linked to specific cell populations in the brain. Notably, the immune system has been implicated in both diseases, with a particular focus on the dysfunction of microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, contributing to neuronal loss and exacerbating symptoms. Researchers use models of the neuroimmune system to gain a deeper understanding of the physiological and biological aspects of these neurodegenerative diseases and how they progress. Several in vitro and in vivo models, including 2D cultures and animal models, have been utilized. Recently, advancements have been made in optimizing these existing models and developing 3D models and organ-on-a-chip systems, holding tremendous promise in accurately mimicking the intricate intracellular environment. As a result, these models represent a crucial breakthrough in the transformation of current treatments for PD and AD by offering potential for conducting long-term disease-based modeling for therapeutic testing, reducing reliance on animal models, and significantly improving cell viability compared to conventional 2D models. The application of 3D and organ-on-a-chip models in neurodegenerative disease research marks a prosperous step forward, providing a more realistic representation of the complex interactions within the neuroimmune system. Ultimately, these refined models of the neuroimmune system aim to aid in the quest to combat and mitigate the impact of debilitating neuroimmune diseases on patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Balestri
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Medical Technologies Innovation Facility, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Victor A da Silva
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Bianca C Bobotis
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Annabel J Curle
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vandana Kothakota
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Maria V Hangad
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Joanne L Jones
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Neurosciences Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institute On Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jehan J El-Jawhari
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Stephanie M Willerth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Yvonne Reinwald
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
- Medical Technologies Innovation Facility, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
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16
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Fredlund F, Jimenez-Ferrer I, Grabert K, Belfiori LF, Luk K, Swanberg M. Ciita Regulates Local and Systemic Immune Responses in a Combined rAAV-α-synuclein and Preformed Fibril-Induced Rat Model for Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:693-711. [PMID: 38728204 PMCID: PMC11191526 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-240062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) pathology, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variants associated with PD and α-Syn specific CD4+ T lymphocytes in PD patients highlight the importance of antigen presentation in PD etiology. The class II transactivator (CIITA) regulates major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expression. Reduced Ciita levels significantly increase α-Syn pathology, nigrostriatal neurodegeneration and behavioral deficits in α-Syn-induced rat PD models. Objective Characterize immune profiles associated with enhanced PD-like pathology observed in rats expressing lower Ciita levels (DA.VRA4) compared to the background strain (DA). Methods To model PD, we combined rAAV-mediated α-Syn overexpression in the substantia nigra with striatal injection of α-Syn preformed fibrils. Immune profiles in brain and blood were analyzed by flow cytometry and multiplexed ELISA in naïve rats, 4- and 8 weeks post rAAV injection. Results Flow cytometry showed Ciita-dependent regulation of MHCII on microglia, brain macrophages and circulating myeloid cells. The MHCII-dependent microglial response was highest at 4 weeks post rAAV injection, whereas the MHCII levels in circulating myeloid cells was highest at 8 weeks. There was no major infiltration of macrophages or T lymphocytes into the CNS in response to α-Syn and only subtle Ciita- and/or α-Syn-dependent changes in the T lymphocyte compartment. Lower Ciita levels were consistently associated with higher TNF levels in serum. Conclusions Ciita regulates susceptibility to PD-like pathology through minor but detectable changes in resident and peripheral immune cells and TNF levels, indicating that mild immunomodulatory therapies could have therapeutic effects in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Fredlund
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Inflammation and Stem Cell Therapy Group, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Itzia Jimenez-Ferrer
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kathleen Grabert
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lautaro Francisco Belfiori
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kelvin Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Swanberg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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17
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Jin H, Arase H. Neoself Antigens Presented on MHC Class II Molecules in Autoimmune Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1444:51-65. [PMID: 38467972 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9781-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules play a crucial role in immunity by presenting peptide antigens to helper T cells. Immune cells are generally tolerant to self-antigens. However, when self-tolerance is broken, immune cells attack normal tissues or cells, leading to the development of autoimmune diseases. Genome-wide association studies have shown that MHC class II is the gene most strongly associated with the risk of most autoimmune diseases. When misfolded self-antigens, called neoself antigens, are associated with MHC class II molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum, they are transported by the MHC class II molecules to the cell surface without being processed into peptides. Moreover, neoself antigens that are complexed with MHC class II molecules of autoimmune disease risk alleles exhibit distinct antigenicities compared to normal self-antigens, making them the primary targets of autoantibodies in various autoimmune diseases. Elucidation of the immunological functions of neoself antigens presented on MHC class II molecules is crucial for understanding the mechanism of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jin
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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18
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Awogbindin I, Wanklin M, Verkhratsky A, Tremblay MÈ. Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 37:497-512. [PMID: 39207709 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are manifested by a progressive death of neural cells, resulting in the deterioration of central nervous system (CNS) functions, ultimately leading to specific behavioural and cognitive symptoms associated with affected brain regions. Several neurodegenerative disorders are caused by genetic variants or mutations, although the majority of cases are sporadic and linked to various environmental risk factors, with yet an unknown aetiology. Neuroglial changes are fundamental and often lead to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, microglial cells, which are essential for maintaining CNS health, become compromised in their physiological functions with the exposure to environmental risk factors, genetic variants or mutations, as well as disease pathology. In this chapter, we cover the contribution of neuroglia, especially microglia, to several neurodegenerative diseases, including Nasu-Hakola disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, infectious disease-associated neurodegeneration, and metal-precipitated neurodegeneration. Future research perspectives for the field pertaining to the therapeutic targeting of microglia across these disease conditions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoluwa Awogbindin
- Department of Biochemistry, Neuroimmunology Group, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Laboratory, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Division of Medical Sciences, Medical Sciences Building, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Wanklin
- Division of Medical Sciences, Medical Sciences Building, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, Medical Sciences Building, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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19
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Ling Y, Crotti A. Emerging Microglial Therapies and Targets in Clinical Trial. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 37:623-637. [PMID: 39207717 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Modulation of microglia function for treatment of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders is an emerging field of neuroscience drug development. This is largely attributed to human genetic association studies combined with biological evidence indicating that the innate immune system acts as a causal contributor superimposed on the reactive component of neuronal loss in neurological dysfunction. The identification of disease risk gene variants that encode immune-modulatory proteins in microglia provides tools to evaluate how microglia cellular function or dysfunction affect neuronal health. The development of clinical stage therapeutic compounds that modify myeloid cell function enables us to investigate how modulating microglia function could become a transformational approach to mitigate neurological disorders. Improving our ability to boost microglia-promoting homeostatic and reparative functions hopefully will translate into achieving a better outcome for patients affected by neurological diseases. In this chapter, we aim to provide an overview of the microglial emerging therapies and targets being studied in current clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ling
- Neuroscience Translational Medicine, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Mustafa R, Ghanbari M, Karhunen V, Evangelou M, Dehghan A. Phenome-wide association study on miRNA-related sequence variants: the UK Biobank. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:104. [PMID: 37996941 PMCID: PMC10668386 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00553-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants in the coding region could directly affect the structure and expression levels of genes and proteins. However, the importance of variants in the non-coding region, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), remain to be elucidated. Genetic variants in miRNA-related sequences could affect their biogenesis or functionality and ultimately affect disease risk. Yet, their implications and pleiotropic effects on many clinical conditions remain unknown. METHODS Here, we utilised genotyping and hospital records data in the UK Biobank (N = 423,419) to investigate associations between 346 genetic variants in miRNA-related sequences and a wide range of clinical diagnoses through phenome-wide association studies. Further, we tested whether changes in blood miRNA expression levels could affect disease risk through colocalisation and Mendelian randomisation analysis. RESULTS We identified 122 associations for six variants in the seed region of miRNAs, nine variants in the mature region of miRNAs, and 27 variants in the precursor miRNAs. These included associations with hypertension, dyslipidaemia, immune-related disorders, and others. Nineteen miRNAs were associated with multiple diagnoses, with six of them associated with multiple disease categories. The strongest association was reported between rs4285314 in the precursor of miR-3135b and celiac disease risk (odds ratio (OR) per effect allele increase = 0.37, P = 1.8 × 10-162). Colocalisation and Mendelian randomisation analysis highlighted potential causal role of miR-6891-3p in dyslipidaemia. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the pleiotropic effect of miRNAs and offers insights to their possible clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Mustafa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ville Karhunen
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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21
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Subramaniyan S, Kuriakose BB, Mushfiq S, Prabhu NM, Muthusamy K. Gene Signals and SNPs Associated with Parkinson's Disease: A Nutrigenomics and Computational Prospective Insights. Neuroscience 2023; 533:77-95. [PMID: 37858629 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the most prevalent chronic neurodegenerative disease. Neurological conditions for PD were influenced by a variety of epigenetic factors and SNPs in some of the coexisting genes that were expressed. This article focused on nutrigenomics of PD and the prospective highlighting of how these genes are regulated in terms of nutritive factors and the genetic basis of PD risk, onset, and progression. Multigenetic associations of the following genetic alterations in the genes of SNCA, LRRK2, UCHL1, PARK2,PINK1, DJ-1, and ATP13A2 have been reported with the familial and de novo genetic origins of PD. Over the past two decades, significant attempts have been made to understand the biological mechanisms that are potential causes for this disease, as well as to identify therapeutic substances for the prevention and management of PD. Nutrigenomics has sparked considerable interest due to its nutritional, safe, and therapeutic effects on a variety of chronic diseases. In this study, we summarise some of the nutritive supplements that have an impact on PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Subramaniyan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Beena Briget Kuriakose
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sakeena Mushfiq
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Harms AS, Yang YT, Tansey MG. Central and peripheral innate and adaptive immunity in Parkinson's disease. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadk3225. [PMID: 37939158 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adk3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multisystem disorder with characteristics of a chronic inflammatory disease. To develop effective immunomodulatory interventions to combat PD, we need to think innovatively about the implications of orchestrated central and peripheral innate and adaptive immune responses that occur as the disease begins and progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S Harms
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Malú Gámez Tansey
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
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23
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Garretti F, Monahan C, Sloan N, Bergen J, Shahriar S, Kim SW, Sette A, Cutforth T, Kanter E, Agalliu D, Sulzer D. Interaction of an α-synuclein epitope with HLA-DRB1 ∗15:01 triggers enteric features in mice reminiscent of prodromal Parkinson's disease. Neuron 2023; 111:3397-3413.e5. [PMID: 37597517 PMCID: PMC11068096 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Enteric symptoms are hallmarks of prodromal Parkinson's disease (PD) that appear decades before the onset of motor symptoms and diagnosis. PD patients possess circulating T cells that recognize specific α-synuclein (α-syn)-derived epitopes. One epitope, α-syn32-46, binds with strong affinity to the HLA-DRB1∗15:01 allele implicated in autoimmune diseases. We report that α-syn32-46 immunization in a mouse expressing human HLA-DRB1∗15:01 triggers intestinal inflammation, leading to loss of enteric neurons, damaged enteric dopaminergic neurons, constipation, and weight loss. α-Syn32-46 immunization activates innate and adaptive immune gene signatures in the gut and induces changes in the CD4+ TH1/TH17 transcriptome that resemble tissue-resident memory (TRM) cells found in mucosal barriers during inflammation. Depletion of CD4+, but not CD8+, T cells partially rescues enteric neurodegeneration. Therefore, interaction of α-syn32-46 and HLA-DRB1∗15:0 is critical for gut inflammation and CD4+ T cell-mediated loss of enteric neurons in humanized mice, suggesting mechanisms that may underlie prodromal enteric PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Garretti
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Connor Monahan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas Sloan
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamie Bergen
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjid Shahriar
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seon Woo Kim
- Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California in San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Tyler Cutforth
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Kanter
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dritan Agalliu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - David Sulzer
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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24
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Andersen MS, Leikfoss IS, Brorson IS, Cappelletti C, Bettencourt C, Toft M, Pihlstrøm L. Epigenome-wide association study of peripheral immune cell populations in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:149. [PMID: 37903812 PMCID: PMC10616224 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the contribution of immune mechanisms to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis is an important challenge, potentially of major therapeutic implications. To further elucidate the involvement of peripheral immune cells, we studied epigenome-wide DNA methylation in isolated populations of CD14+ monocytes, CD19+ B cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells from Parkinson's disease patients and healthy control participants. We included 25 patients with a maximum five years of disease duration and 25 controls, and isolated four immune cell populations from each fresh blood sample. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation profiles were generated from 186 samples using the Illumina MethylationEpic array and association with disease status was tested using linear regression models. We identified six differentially methylated CpGs in CD14+ monocytes and one in CD8 + T cells. Four differentially methylated regions were identified in monocytes, including a region upstream of RAB32, a gene that has been linked to LRRK2. Methylation upstream of RAB32 correlated negatively with mRNA expression, and RAB32 expression was upregulated in Parkinson's disease both in our samples and in summary statistics from a previous study. Our epigenome-wide association study of early Parkinson's disease provides evidence for methylation changes across different peripheral immune cell types, highlighting monocytes and the RAB32 locus. The findings were predominantly cell-type-specific, demonstrating the value of isolating purified cell populations for genomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Stolp Andersen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Conceicao Bettencourt
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mathias Toft
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lasse Pihlstrøm
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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25
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de Fàbregues O, Sellés M, Ramos-Vicente D, Roch G, Vila M, Bové J. Relevance of tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells in the onset of Parkinson's disease and examination of its possible etiologies: infectious or autoimmune? Neurobiol Dis 2023; 187:106308. [PMID: 37741513 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells are responsible for local immune surveillance in different tissues, including the brain. They constitute the first line of defense against pathogens and cancer cells and play a role in autoimmunity. A recently published study demonstrated that CD8 T cells with markers of residency containing distinct granzymes and interferon-γ infiltrate the parenchyma of the substantia nigra and contact dopaminergic neurons in an early premotor stage of Parkinson's disease. This infiltration precedes α-synuclein aggregation and neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, suggesting a relevant role for CD8 T cells in the onset of the disease. To date, the nature of the antigen that initiates the adaptive immune response remains unknown. This review will discuss the role of tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells in brain immune homeostasis and in the onset of Parkinson's disease and other neurological diseases. We also discuss how aging and genetic factors can affect the CD8 T cell immune response and how animal models can be misleading when studying human-related immune response. Finally, we speculate about a possible infectious or autoimmune origin of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol de Fàbregues
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital
| | - Maria Sellés
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - David Ramos-Vicente
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gerard Roch
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Vila
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Bové
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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26
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Sullivan SM, Cole B, Lane J, Meredith JJ, Langer E, Hooten AJ, Roesler M, McGraw KL, Pankratz N, Poynter JN. Predicted leukocyte telomere length and risk of myeloid neoplasms. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2996-3005. [PMID: 37531260 PMCID: PMC10549790 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of telomere length has long been established to play a role in the biology of cancer and several studies suggest that it may be especially important in myeloid malignancies. To overcome potential bias in confounding and reverse causation of observational studies, we use both a polygenic risk score (PRS) and inverse-variance weighted (IVW) Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to estimate the relationship between genetically predicted leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) risk in 498 cases and 2099 controls and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) risk in 610 cases and 1759 controls. Genetic instruments derived from four recent studies explaining 1.23-4.57% of telomere variability were considered. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR, 95% confidence intervals [CI]) as the measure of association between individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms and myeloid malignancies. We observed a significant association between a PRS of longer predicted LTL and AML using three genetic instruments (OR = 4.03 per ~1200 base pair [bp] increase in LTL, 95% CI: 1.65, 9.85 using Codd et al. [Codd, V., Nelson, C.P., Albrecht, E., Mangino, M., Deelen, J., Buxton, J.L., Hottenga, J.J., Fischer, K., Esko, T., Surakka, I. et al. (2013) Identification of seven loci affecting mean telomere length and their association with disease. Nat. Genet., 45, 422-427 427e421-422.], OR = 3.48 per one-standard deviation increase in LTL, 95% CI: 1.74, 6.97 using Li et al. [Li, C., Stoma, S., Lotta, L.A., Warner, S., Albrecht, E., Allione, A., Arp, P.P., Broer, L., Buxton, J.L., Alves, A.D.S.C. et al. (2020) Genome-wide association analysis in humans links nucleotide metabolism to leukocyte telomere length. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 106, 389-404.] and OR = 2.59 per 1000 bp increase in LTL, 95% CI: 1.03, 6.52 using Taub et al. [Taub, M.A., Conomos, M.P., Keener, R., Iyer, K.R., Weinstock, J.S., Yanek, L.R., Lane, J., Miller-Fleming, T.W., Brody, J.A., Raffield, L.M. et al. (2022) Genetic determinants of telomere length from 109,122 ancestrally diverse whole-genome sequences in TOPMed. Cell Genom., 2.] genetic instruments). MR analyses further indicated an association between LTL and AML risk (PIVW ≤ 0.049) but not MDS (all PIVW ≥ 0.076). Findings suggest variation in genes relevant to telomere function and maintenance may be important in the etiology of AML but not MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Sullivan
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ben Cole
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - John Lane
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - John J Meredith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Erica Langer
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Anthony J Hooten
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michelle Roesler
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kathy L McGraw
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jenny N Poynter
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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27
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Wen J, Zhao B, Yang Z, Erus G, Skampardoni I, Mamourian E, Cui Y, Hwang G, Bao J, Boquet-Pujadas A, Zhou Z, Veturi Y, Ritchie MD, Shou H, Thompson PM, Shen L, Toga AW, Davatzikos C. The Genetic Architecture of Multimodal Human Brain Age. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.13.536818. [PMID: 37333190 PMCID: PMC10274645 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.13.536818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The complex biological mechanisms underlying human brain aging remain incompletely understood, involving multiple body organs and chronic diseases. In this study, we used multimodal magnetic resonance imaging and artificial intelligence to examine the genetic architecture of the brain age gap (BAG) derived from gray matter volume (GM-BAG, N=31,557 European ancestry), white matter microstructure (WM-BAG, N=31,674), and functional connectivity (FC-BAG, N=32,017). We identified sixteen genomic loci that reached genome-wide significance (P-value<5×10-8). A gene-drug-disease network highlighted genes linked to GM-BAG for treating neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders and WM-BAG genes for cancer therapy. GM-BAG showed the highest heritability enrichment for genetic variants in conserved regions, whereas WM-BAG exhibited the highest heritability enrichment in the 5' untranslated regions; oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, but not neurons, showed significant heritability enrichment in WM and FC-BAG, respectively. Mendelian randomization identified potential causal effects of several exposure variables on brain aging, such as type 2 diabetes on GM-BAG (odds ratio=1.05 [1.01, 1.09], P-value=1.96×10-2) and AD on WM-BAG (odds ratio=1.04 [1.02, 1.05], P-value=7.18×10-5). Overall, our results provide valuable insights into the genetics of human brain aging, with clinical implications for potential lifestyle and therapeutic interventions. All results are publicly available at the MEDICINE knowledge portal: https://labs.loni.usc.edu/medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Wen
- Laboratory of AI and Biomedical Science (LABS), Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bingxin Zhao
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AID), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Guray Erus
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AID), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ioanna Skampardoni
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AID), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mamourian
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AID), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Yuhan Cui
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AID), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Gyujoon Hwang
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AID), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jingxuan Bao
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Zhen Zhou
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AID), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Yogasudha Veturi
- Department of Biobehavioral Health and Statistics, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Marylyn D. Ritchie
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Haochang Shou
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AID), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI), Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (AIBIL), Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AID), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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28
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Boles JS, Krueger ME, Jernigan JE, Cole CL, Neighbarger NK, Huarte OU, Tansey MG. A leaky gut dysregulates gene networks in the brain associated with immune activation, oxidative stress, and myelination in a mouse model of colitis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.10.552488. [PMID: 37609290 PMCID: PMC10441416 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.10.552488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The gut and brain are increasingly linked in human disease, with neuropsychiatric conditions classically attributed to the brain showing an involvement of the intestine and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) displaying an ever-expanding list of neurological comorbidities. To identify molecular systems that underpin this gut-brain connection and thus discover therapeutic targets, experimental models of gut dysfunction must be evaluated for brain effects. In the present study, we examine disturbances along the gut-brain axis in a widely used murine model of colitis, the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model, using high-throughput transcriptomics and an unbiased network analysis strategy coupled with standard biochemical outcome measures to achieve a comprehensive approach to identify key disease processes in both colon and brain. We examine the reproducibility of colitis induction with this model and its resulting genetic programs during different phases of disease, finding that DSS-induced colitis is largely reproducible with a few site-specific molecular features. We focus on the circulating immune system as the intermediary between the gut and brain, which exhibits an activation of pro-inflammatory innate immunity during colitis. Our unbiased transcriptomics analysis provides supporting evidence for immune activation in the brain during colitis, suggests that myelination may be a process vulnerable to increased intestinal permeability, and identifies a possible role for oxidative stress and brain oxygenation. Overall, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of multiple systems in a prevalent experimental model of intestinal permeability, which will inform future studies using this model and others, assist in the identification of druggable targets in the gut-brain axis, and contribute to our understanding of the concomitance of intestinal and neuropsychiatric dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Sondag Boles
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maeve E. Krueger
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Janna E. Jernigan
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cassandra L. Cole
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Noelle K. Neighbarger
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Oihane Uriarte Huarte
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Malú Gámez Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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Schonhoff AM, Figge DA, Williams GP, Jurkuvenaite A, Gallups NJ, Childers GM, Webster JM, Standaert DG, Goldman JE, Harms AS. Border-associated macrophages mediate the neuroinflammatory response in an alpha-synuclein model of Parkinson disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3754. [PMID: 37365181 PMCID: PMC10293214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39060-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic cell loss due to the accumulation of α-syn is a core feature of the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. Neuroinflammation specifically induced by α-synuclein has been shown to exacerbate neurodegeneration, yet the role of central nervous system (CNS) resident macrophages in this process remains unclear. We found that a specific subset of CNS resident macrophages, border-associated macrophages (BAMs), play an essential role in mediating α-synuclein related neuroinflammation due to their unique role as the antigen presenting cells necessary to initiate a CD4 T cell response whereas the loss of MHCII antigen presentation on microglia had no effect on neuroinflammation. Furthermore, α-synuclein expression led to an expansion in border-associated macrophage numbers and a unique damage-associated activation state. Through a combinatorial approach of single-cell RNA sequencing and depletion experiments, we found that border-associated macrophages played an essential role in immune cell recruitment, infiltration, and antigen presentation. Furthermore, border-associated macrophages were identified in post-mortem PD brain in close proximity to T cells. These results point to a role for border-associated macrophages in mediating the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease through their role in the orchestration of the α-synuclein-mediated neuroinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Schonhoff
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - D A Figge
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - G P Williams
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - A Jurkuvenaite
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - N J Gallups
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - G M Childers
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - J M Webster
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - D G Standaert
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - J E Goldman
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - A S Harms
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Wainberg M, Andrews SJ, Tripathy SJ. Shared genetic risk loci between Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:113. [PMID: 37328865 PMCID: PMC10273745 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have indicated moderate genetic overlap between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), neurodegenerative disorders traditionally considered etiologically distinct. However, the specific genetic variants and loci underlying this overlap remain almost entirely unknown. METHODS We leveraged state-of-the-art GWAS for ADRD, PD, and ALS. For each pair of disorders, we examined each of the GWAS hits for one disorder and tested whether they were also significant for the other disorder, applying Bonferroni correction for the number of variants tested. This approach rigorously controls the family-wise error rate for both disorders, analogously to genome-wide significance. RESULTS Eleven loci with GWAS hits for one disorder were also associated with one or both of the other disorders: one with all three disorders (the MAPT/KANSL1 locus), five with ADRD and PD (near LCORL, CLU, SETD1A/KAT8, WWOX, and GRN), three with ADRD and ALS (near GPX3, HS3ST5/HDAC2/MARCKS, and TSPOAP1), and two with PD and ALS (near GAK/TMEM175 and NEK1). Two of these loci (LCORL and NEK1) were associated with an increased risk of one disorder but decreased risk of another. Colocalization analysis supported a shared causal variant between ADRD and PD at the CLU, WWOX, and LCORL loci, between ADRD and ALS at the TSPOAP1 locus, and between PD and ALS at the NEK1 and GAK/TMEM175 loci. To address the concern that ADRD is an imperfect proxy for AD and that the ADRD and PD GWAS have overlapping participants (nearly all of which are from the UK Biobank), we confirmed that all our ADRD associations had nearly identical odds ratios in an AD GWAS that excluded the UK Biobank, and all but one remained nominally significant (p < 0.05) for AD. CONCLUSIONS In one of the most comprehensive investigations to date of pleiotropy between neurodegenerative disorders, we identify eleven genetic risk loci shared among ADRD, PD, and ALS. These loci support lysosomal/autophagic dysfunction (GAK/TMEM175, GRN, KANSL1), neuroinflammation/immunity (TSPOAP1), oxidative stress (GPX3, KANSL1), and the DNA damage response (NEK1) as transdiagnostic processes underlying multiple neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wainberg
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Shea J Andrews
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143, USA
| | - Shreejoy J Tripathy
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Yokoyama S. Genetic polymorphisms of bone marrow stromal cell antigen-1 (BST-1/CD157): implications for immune/inflammatory dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197265. [PMID: 37313401 PMCID: PMC10258321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cell antigen-1 (BST-1/CD157) is an immune/inflammatory regulator that functions as both nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-metabolizing ectoenzyme and cell-surface signaling receptor. BST-1/CD157 is expressed not only in peripheral tissues, but in the central nervous system (CNS). Although its pathophysiological significance in the CNS is still unclear, clinical genetic studies over a decade have begun revealing relationships between BST-1/CD157 and neuropsychiatric diseases including Parkinson's disease, autism spectrum disorders, sleep disorders, depressive disorders and restless leg syndrome. This review summarizes the accumulating evidence for the involvement of BST-1/CD157 in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Yokoyama
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Division of Socio-Cognitive-Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Kanazawa, Japan
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Lemaitre P, Tareen SHK, Pasciuto E, Mascali L, Martirosyan A, Callaerts‐Vegh Z, Poovathingal S, Dooley J, Holt MG, Yshii L, Liston A. Molecular and cognitive signatures of ageing partially restored through synthetic delivery of IL2 to the brain. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16805. [PMID: 36975362 PMCID: PMC10165365 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is a common pathological outcome during aging, with an ill-defined molecular and cellular basis. In recent years, the concept of inflammaging, defined as a low-grade inflammation increasing with age, has emerged. Infiltrating T cells accumulate in the brain with age and may contribute to the amplification of inflammatory cascades and disruptions to the neurogenic niche observed with age. Recently, a small resident population of regulatory T cells has been identified in the brain, and the capacity of IL2-mediated expansion of this population to counter neuroinflammatory disease has been demonstrated. Here, we test a brain-specific IL2 delivery system for the prevention of neurological decline in aging mice. We identify the molecular hallmarks of aging in the brain glial compartments and identify partial restoration of this signature through IL2 treatment. At a behavioral level, brain IL2 delivery prevented the age-induced defect in spatial learning, without improving the general decline in motor skill or arousal. These results identify immune modulation as a potential path to preserving cognitive function for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lemaitre
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Emanuela Pasciuto
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Loriana Mascali
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Araks Martirosyan
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Department of NeurosciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | | | - James Dooley
- Immunology ProgrammeThe Babraham InstituteBabrahamUK
- Department of PathologyThe University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Matthew G Holt
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Department of NeurosciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Instituto de Investigaçāo e Inovaçāo em Saúde (i3S)University of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Lidia Yshii
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of NeurosciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Immunology ProgrammeThe Babraham InstituteBabrahamUK
- Department of PathologyThe University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Yacoubian TA, Fang YHD, Gerstenecker A, Amara A, Stover N, Ruffrage L, Collette C, Kennedy R, Zhang Y, Hong H, Qin H, McConathy J, Benveniste EN, Standaert DG. Brain and Systemic Inflammation in De Novo Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2023; 38:743-754. [PMID: 36853618 PMCID: PMC11403348 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the presence of brain and systemic inflammation in subjects newly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD). BACKGROUND Evidence for a pathophysiologic role of inflammation in PD is growing. However, several key gaps remain as to the role of inflammation in PD, including the extent of immune activation at early stages, potential effects of PD treatments on inflammation and whether pro-inflammatory signals are associated with clinical features and/or predict more rapid progression. METHODS We enrolled subjects with de novo PD (n = 58) and age-matched controls (n = 62). Subjects underwent clinical assessments, including the Movement Disorder Society-United Parkinson's Disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS). Comprehensive cognitive assessment meeting MDS Level II criteria for mild cognitive impairment testing was performed. Blood was obtained for flow cytometry and cytokine/chemokine analyses. Subjects underwent imaging with 18 F-DPA-714, a translocator protein 18kd ligand, and lumbar puncture if eligible and consented. RESULTS Baseline demographics and medical history were comparable between groups. PD subjects showed significant differences in University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living, Scales for Outcomes in PD autonomic dysfunction, and MDS-UPDRS scores. Cognitive testing demonstrated significant differences in cognitive composite, executive function, and visuospatial domain scores at baseline. Positron emission tomography imaging showed increased 18 F-DPA-714 signal in PD subjects. 18 F-DPA-714 signal correlated with several cognitive measures and some chemokines. CONCLUSIONS 18 F-DPA-714 imaging demonstrated increased central inflammation in de novo PD subjects compared to controls. Longitudinal follow-up will be important to determine whether the presence of inflammation predicts cognitive decline. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talene A Yacoubian
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Dean Fang
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Adam Gerstenecker
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Amy Amara
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Natividad Stover
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lauren Ruffrage
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christopher Collette
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Richard Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Huixian Hong
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hongwei Qin
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jonathan McConathy
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Etty N Benveniste
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David G Standaert
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Strader S, West AB. The interplay between monocytes, α-synuclein and LRRK2 in Parkinson's disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:747-758. [PMID: 37013975 PMCID: PMC11110874 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein in susceptible neurons in the brain, together with robust activation of nearby myeloid cells, are pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). While microglia represent the dominant type of myeloid cell in the brain, recent genetic and whole-transcriptomic studies have implicated another type of myeloid cell, bone-marrow derived monocytes, in disease risk and progression. Monocytes in circulation harbor high concentrations of the PD-linked enzyme leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and respond to both intracellular and extracellular aggregated α-synuclein with a variety of strong pro-inflammatory responses. This review highlights recent findings from studies that functionally characterize monocytes in PD patients, monocytes that infiltrate into cerebrospinal fluid, and emerging analyses of whole myeloid cell populations in the PD-affected brain that include monocyte populations. Central controversies discussed include the relative contribution of monocytes acting in the periphery from those that might engraft in the brain to modify disease risk and progression. We conclude that further investigation into monocyte pathways and responses in PD, especially the discovery of additional markers, transcriptomic signatures, and functional classifications, that better distinguish monocyte lineages and responses in the brain from other types of myeloid cells may reveal points for therapeutic intervention, as well as a better understanding of ongoing inflammation associated with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Strader
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, 27710, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Andrew B. West
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, 27710, North Carolina, U.S.A
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Zotarelli-Filho IJ, Mogharbel BF, Irioda AC, Stricker PEF, de Oliveira NB, Saçaki CS, Perussolo MC, da Rosa NN, Lührs L, Dziedzic DSM, Vaz RS, de Carvalho KAT. State of the Art of microRNAs Signatures as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041113. [PMID: 37189731 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying target microRNAs (miRNAs) might serve as a basis for developing advanced therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease. This review aims to identify the main therapeutic targets of miRNAs that can potentially act in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. The publication research was conducted from May 2021 to March 2022, selected from Scopus, PubMed, Embase, OVID, Science Direct, LILACS, and EBSCO. A total of 25 studies were selected from 1549 studies evaluated. The total number of miRNAs as therapeutic targets evidenced was 90 for AD and 54 for PD. An average detection accuracy of above 84% for the miRNAs was observed in the selected studies of AD and PD. The major signatures were miR-26b-5p, miR-615-3p, miR-4722-5p, miR23a-3p, and miR-27b-3p for AD and miR-374a-5p for PD. Six miRNAs of intersection were found between AD and PD. This article identified the main microRNAs as selective biomarkers for diagnosing PD and AD and therapeutic targets through a systematic review and meta-analysis. This article can act as a microRNA guideline for laboratory research and pharmaceutical industries for treating Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and offers the opportunity to evaluate therapeutic interventions earlier in the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idiberto José Zotarelli-Filho
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, FACERES., São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15090-305, Brazil
| | - Bassam Felipe Mogharbel
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Irioda
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil
| | - Priscila Elias Ferreira Stricker
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Barth de Oliveira
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil
| | - Claudia Sayuri Saçaki
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil
| | - Maiara Carolina Perussolo
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil
| | - Nádia Nascimento da Rosa
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lührs
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil
| | - Dilcele Silva Moreira Dziedzic
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil
| | - Rogério Saad Vaz
- UNIFATEB Centro Universitário de Telêmaco Borba, Telêmaco Borba 84266-010, Brazil
| | - Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil
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Ocañas SR, Ansere VA, Kellogg CM, Isola JVV, Chucair-Elliott AJ, Freeman WM. Chromosomal and gonadal factors regulate microglial sex effects in the aging brain. Brain Res Bull 2023; 195:157-171. [PMID: 36804773 PMCID: PMC10810555 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological sex contributes to phenotypic sex effects through genetic (sex chromosomal) and hormonal (gonadal) mechanisms. There are profound sex differences in the prevalence and progression of age-related brain diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Inflammation of neural tissue is one of the most consistent age-related phenotypes seen with healthy aging and disease. The pro-inflammatory environment of the aging brain has primarily been attributed to microglial reactivity and adoption of heterogeneous reactive states dependent upon intrinsic (i.e., sex) and extrinsic (i.e., age, disease state) factors. Here, we review sex effects in microglia across the lifespan, explore potential genetic and hormonal molecular mechanisms of microglial sex effects, and discuss currently available models and methods to study sex effects in the aging brain. Despite recent attention to this area, significant further research is needed to mechanistically understand the regulation of microglial sex effects across the lifespan, which may open new avenues for sex informed prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Ocañas
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Victor A Ansere
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Collyn M Kellogg
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jose V V Isola
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ana J Chucair-Elliott
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Willard M Freeman
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Verbitsky M, Krishnamurthy S, Krithivasan P, Hughes D, Khan A, Marasà M, Vena N, Khosla P, Zhang J, Lim TY, Glessner JT, Weng C, Shang N, Shen Y, Hripcsak G, Hakonarson H, Ionita-Laza I, Levy B, Kenny EE, Loos RJ, Kiryluk K, Sanna-Cherchi S, Crosslin DR, Furth S, Warady BA, Igo RP, Iyengar SK, Wong CS, Parsa A, Feldman HI, Gharavi AG. Genomic Disorders in CKD across the Lifespan. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:607-618. [PMID: 36302597 PMCID: PMC10103259 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2022060725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Pathogenic structural genetic variants, also known as genomic disorders, have been associated with pediatric CKD. This study extends those results across the lifespan, with genomic disorders enriched in both pediatric and adult patients compared with controls. In the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study, genomic disorders were also associated with lower serum Mg, lower educational performance, and a higher risk of death. A phenome-wide association study confirmed the link between kidney disease and genomic disorders in an unbiased way. Systematic detection of genomic disorders can provide a molecular diagnosis and refine prediction of risk and prognosis. BACKGROUND Genomic disorders (GDs) are associated with many comorbid outcomes, including CKD. Identification of GDs has diagnostic utility. METHODS We examined the prevalence of GDs among participants in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) cohort II ( n =248), Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study ( n =3375), Columbia University CKD Biobank (CU-CKD; n =1986), and the Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes (FIND; n =1318) compared with 30,746 controls. We also performed a phenome-wide association analysis (PheWAS) of GDs in the electronic MEdical Records and GEnomics (eMERGE; n =11,146) cohort. RESULTS We found nine out of 248 (3.6%) CKiD II participants carried a GD, replicating prior findings in pediatric CKD. We also identified GDs in 72 out of 6679 (1.1%) adult patients with CKD in the CRIC, CU-CKD, and FIND cohorts, compared with 199 out of 30,746 (0.65%) GDs in controls (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.2). Among adults with CKD, we found recurrent GDs at the 1q21.1, 16p11.2, 17q12, and 22q11.2 loci. The 17q12 GD (diagnostic of renal cyst and diabetes syndrome) was most frequent, present in 1:252 patients with CKD and diabetes. In the PheWAS, dialysis and neuropsychiatric phenotypes were the top associations with GDs. In CRIC participants, GDs were associated with lower serum magnesium, lower educational achievement, and higher mortality risk. CONCLUSION Undiagnosed GDs are detected both in children and adults with CKD. Identification of GDs in these patients can enable a precise genetic diagnosis, inform prognosis, and help stratify risk in clinical studies. GDs could also provide a molecular explanation for nephropathy and comorbidities, such as poorer neurocognition for a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Verbitsky
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Priya Krithivasan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Daniel Hughes
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Atlas Khan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Maddalena Marasà
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Natalie Vena
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Pavan Khosla
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Junying Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Tze Y. Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Joseph T. Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chunhua Weng
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ning Shang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology and Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - George Hripcsak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Brynn Levy
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Eimear E. Kenny
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Krzysztof Kiryluk
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Simone Sanna-Cherchi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - David R. Crosslin
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Susan Furth
- Departments of Pediatrics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bradley A. Warady
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Robert P. Igo
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University and Louis Stoke, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sudha K. Iyengar
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University and Louis Stoke, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Craig S. Wong
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of New Mexico Children’s Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Afshin Parsa
- Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Harold I. Feldman
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ali G. Gharavi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating age-related neurodegenerative condition. Unbiased genetic studies have implicated a central role for microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system, in AD pathogenesis. On-going efforts are clarifying the biology underlying these associations and the microglial pathways that are dysfunctional in AD. Several genetic risk factors converge to decrease the function of activating microglial receptors and increase the function of inhibitory receptors, resulting in a seemingly dampened microglial phenotype in AD. Moreover, many of these microglial proteins that are genetically associated with AD appear to interact and share pathways or regulatory mechanisms, presenting several points of convergence that may be strategic targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review some of these studies and their implications for microglial participation in AD pathogenesis.
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Genetic correlation and gene-based pleiotropy analysis for four major neurodegenerative diseases with summary statistics. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 124:117-128. [PMID: 36740554 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies suggested shared genetic components between neurodegenerative diseases. However, pleiotropic association patterns among them remain poorly understood. We here analyzed 4 major neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and found suggestively positive genetic correlation. We next implemented a gene-centric pleiotropy analysis with a powerful method called PLACO and detected 280 pleiotropic associations (226 unique genes) with these diseases. Functional analyses demonstrated that these genes were enriched in the pancreas, liver, heart, blood, brain, and muscle tissues; and that 42 pleiotropic genes exhibited drug-gene interactions with 341 drugs. Using Mendelian randomization, we discovered that AD and PD can increase the risk of developing ALS, and that AD and ALS can also increase the risk of developing FTD, respectively. Overall, this study provides in-depth insights into shared genetic components and causal relationship among the 4 major neurodegenerative diseases, indicating genetic overlap and causality commonly drive their co-occurrence. It also has important implications on the etiology understanding, drug development and therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases.
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40
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Basurco L, Abellanas MA, Ayerra L, Conde E, Vinueza-Gavilanes R, Luquin E, Vales A, Vilas A, Martin-Uriz PS, Tamayo I, Alonso MM, Hernaez M, Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza G, Clavero P, Mengual E, Arrasate M, Hervás-Stubbs S, Aymerich MS. Microglia and astrocyte activation is region-dependent in the α-synuclein mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Glia 2023; 71:571-587. [PMID: 36353934 PMCID: PMC10100513 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a common feature in neurodegenerative diseases that contributes to neuronal loss. Previously, we demonstrated that the basal inflammatory tone differed between brain regions and, consequently, the reaction generated to a pro-inflammatory stimulus was different. In this study, we assessed the innate immune reaction in the midbrain and in the striatum using an experimental model of Parkinson's disease. An adeno-associated virus serotype 9 expressing the α-synuclein and mCherry genes or the mCherry gene was administered into the substantia nigra. Myeloid cells (CD11b+ ) and astrocytes (ACSA2+ ) were purified from the midbrain and striatum for bulk RNA sequencing. In the parkinsonian midbrain, CD11b+ cells presented a unique anti-inflammatory transcriptomic profile that differed from degenerative microglia signatures described in experimental models for other neurodegenerative conditions. By contrast, striatal CD11b+ cells showed a pro-inflammatory state and were similar to disease-associated microglia. In the midbrain, a prominent increase of infiltrated monocytes/macrophages was observed and, together with microglia, participated actively in the phagocytosis of dopaminergic neuronal bodies. Although striatal microglia presented a phagocytic transcriptomic profile, morphology and cell density was preserved and no active phagocytosis was detected. Interestingly, astrocytes presented a pro-inflammatory fingerprint in the midbrain and a low number of differentially displayed transcripts in the striatum. During α-synuclein-dependent degeneration, microglia and astrocytes experience context-dependent activation states with a different contribution to the inflammatory reaction. Our results point towards the relevance of selecting appropriate cell targets to design neuroprotective strategies aimed to modulate the innate immune system during the active phase of dopaminergic degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Basurco
- Departamentode Bioquímica y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Programa de Neurociencias, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Abellanas
- Departamentode Bioquímica y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Programa de Neurociencias, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leyre Ayerra
- Departamentode Bioquímica y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Programa de Neurociencias, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Conde
- Programa de Inmunología, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Esther Luquin
- Departamento de Patología, Anatomía y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Africa Vales
- Programa de Terapia Génica, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaya Vilas
- Programa de Oncohematología, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ibon Tamayo
- Programa de Biología Computacional, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta M Alonso
- Programa de Tumores Sólidos, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Neurociencias y Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Spain
| | - Mikel Hernaez
- Programa de Biología Computacional, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gloria Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza
- Programa de Terapia Génica, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Neurociencias y Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Spain
| | - Pedro Clavero
- Servicio de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elisa Mengual
- Departamento de Patología, Anatomía y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Arrasate
- Programa de Neurociencias, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Neurociencias y Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Spain
| | - Sandra Hervás-Stubbs
- Programa de Inmunología, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Neurociencias y Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Spain
| | - Maria S Aymerich
- Departamentode Bioquímica y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Programa de Neurociencias, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Programa de Tumores Sólidos, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Neurociencias y Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Spain
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41
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Calabresi P, Mechelli A, Natale G, Volpicelli-Daley L, Di Lazzaro G, Ghiglieri V. Alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies: from overt neurodegeneration back to early synaptic dysfunction. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:176. [PMID: 36859484 PMCID: PMC9977911 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05672-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Although the discovery of the critical role of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is now twenty-five years old, it still represents a milestone in PD research. Abnormal forms of α-syn trigger selective and progressive neuronal death through mitochondrial impairment, lysosomal dysfunction, and alteration of calcium homeostasis not only in PD but also in other α-syn-related neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, pure autonomic failure, and REM sleep behavior disorder. Furthermore, α-syn-dependent early synaptic and plastic alterations and the underlying mechanisms preceding overt neurodegeneration have attracted great interest. In particular, the presence of early inflammation in experimental models and PD patients, occurring before deposition and spreading of α-syn, suggests a mechanistic link between inflammation and synaptic dysfunction. The knowledge of these early mechanisms is of seminal importance to support the research on reliable biomarkers to precociously identify the disease and possible disease-modifying therapies targeting α-syn. In this review, we will discuss these critical issues, providing a state of the art of the role of this protein in early PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Calabresi
- Sezione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy. .,Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, 00168, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Mechelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Istituto di Neurologia, Università "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Natale
- Sezione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Laura Volpicelli-Daley
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Giulia Di Lazzaro
- Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghiglieri
- Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, 00168, Italy.,Università Telematica San Raffaele, Rome, 00166, Italy
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42
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Contaldi E, Magistrelli L, Comi C. Disease mechanisms as subtypes: Immune dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 193:67-93. [PMID: 36803824 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85555-6.00008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the contraposition between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes has been increasingly challenged. Inflammation has been emphasized as a key player in the onset and progression of Parkinson disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. The strongest indicators of the involvement of the immune system derived from evidence of microglial activation, profound imbalance in phenotype and composition of peripheral immune cells, and impaired humoral immune responses. Moreover, peripheral inflammatory mechanisms (e.g., involving the gut-brain axis) and immunogenetic factors are likely to be implicated. Even though several lines of preclinical and clinical studies are supporting and defining the complex relationship between the immune system and PD, the exact mechanisms are currently unknown. Similarly, the temporal and causal connections between innate and adaptive immune responses and neurodegeneration are unsettled, challenging our ambition to define an integrated and holistic model of the disease. Despite these difficulties, current evidence is providing the unique opportunity to develop immune-targeted approaches for PD, thus enriching our therapeutic armamentarium. This chapter aims to provide an extensive overview of past and present studies that explored the implication of the immune system in neurodegeneration, thus paving the road for the concept of disease modification in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Contaldi
- Movement Disorders Centre, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Magistrelli
- Movement Disorders Centre, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, S.Andrea Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy.
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43
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Standaert DG, Harms AS, Childers GM, Webster JM. Disease mechanisms as subtypes: Inflammation in Parkinson disease and related disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 193:95-106. [PMID: 36803825 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85555-6.00011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a core feature of Parkinson disease (PD) and related disorders. Inflammation is detectable early in PD and persists throughout the disease state. Both the innate and the adaptive arms of the immune system are engaged in both human PD as well as in animal models of the disease. The upstream causes of PD are likely multiple and complex, which makes targeting of disease-modifying therapies based on etiological factors difficult. Inflammation is a broadly shared common mechanism and likely makes an important contribution to progression in most patients with manifest symptoms. Development of treatments targeting neuroinflammation in PD will require an understanding of the specific immune mechanisms which are active, their relative effects on both injury and neurorestoration, as well as the role of key variables likely to modulate the immune response: age, sex, the nature of the proteinopathies present, and the presence of copathologies. Studies characterizing the specific state of immune response in individuals and groups of people affected by PD will be essential to the development of targeted disease-modifying immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Standaert
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Ashley S Harms
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Gabrielle M Childers
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jhodi M Webster
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Ozono T, Kimura Y, Suenaga T, Beck G, Jinno J, Aguirre C, Ikenaka K, Krainc D, Mochizuki H, Arase H. Extracellular transportation of α-synuclein by HLA class II molecules. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 644:25-33. [PMID: 36621149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates in form of Lewy bodies. Genome-wide association studies have revealed that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II is a PD-associated gene, although the mechanisms linking HLA class II and PD remain elusive. Here, we identified a novel function of HLA class II in the transport of intracellular α-synuclein to the outside of cells. HLA class II molecules and α-synuclein formed complexes and moved to the cell surface at various degrees among HLA-DR alleles. HLA-DR with a DRB5∗01:01 allele, a putative PD-risk allele, substantially translocated normal and conformationally abnormal α-synuclein to the cell surface and extracellular vesicles. α-Synuclein/HLA class II complexes were found in A2058 melanoma cells, which express intrinsic α-synuclein and HLA-DR with DRB5∗01:01. Our findings will expand our knowledge of unconventional HLA class II function from autoimmune diseases to neurodegenerative disorders, shedding light on the association between the GWAS-prioritized PD-risk gene HLA-DR and α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Ozono
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Suenaga
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Goichi Beck
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jyunki Jinno
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - César Aguirre
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ikenaka
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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45
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Baisgaard AE, Koldby KM, Kristensen TN, Nyegaard M, Rohde PD. Functionally Validating Evolutionary Conserved Risk Genes for Parkinson's Disease in Drosophila melanogaster. INSECTS 2023; 14:168. [PMID: 36835737 PMCID: PMC9958964 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous and complex neurodegenerative disorder and large-scale genetic studies have identified >130 genes associated with PD. Although genomic studies have been decisive for our understanding of the genetic contributions underlying PD, these associations remain as statistical associations. Lack of functional validation limits the biological interpretation; however, it is labour extensive, expensive, and time consuming. Therefore, the ideal biological system for functionally validating genetic findings must be simple. The study aim was to assess systematically evolutionary conserved PD-associated genes using Drosophila melanogaster. From a literature review, a total of 136 genes have found to be associated with PD in GWAS studies, of which 11 are strongly evolutionary conserved between Homo sapiens and D. melanogaster. By ubiquitous gene expression knockdown of the PD-genes in D. melanogaster, the flies' escape response was investigated by assessing their negative geotaxis response, a phenotype that has previously been used to investigate PD in D. melanogaster. Gene expression knockdown was successful in 9/11 lines, and phenotypic consequences were observed in 8/9 lines. The results provide evidence that genetically modifying expression levels of PD genes in D. melanogaster caused reduced climbing ability of the flies, potentially supporting their role in dysfunctional locomotion, a hallmark of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Elton Baisgaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Palle Duun Rohde
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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46
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Anderson FL, Biggs KE, Rankin BE, Havrda MC. NLRP3 inflammasome in neurodegenerative disease. Transl Res 2023; 252:21-33. [PMID: 35952982 PMCID: PMC10614656 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a dysregulated neuro-glial microenvironment, culminating in functional deficits resulting from neuronal cell death. Inflammation is a hallmark of the neurodegenerative microenvironment and despite a critical role in tissue homeostasis, increasing evidence suggests that chronic inflammatory insult can contribute to progressive neuronal loss. Inflammation has been studied in the context of neurodegenerative disorders for decades but few anti-inflammatory treatments have advanced to clinical use. This is likely due to the related challenges of predicting and mitigating off-target effects impacting the normal immune response while detecting inflammatory signatures that are specific to the progression of neurological disorders. Inflammasomes are pro-inflammatory cytosolic pattern recognition receptors functioning in the innate immune system. Compelling pre-clinical data has prompted an intense interest in the role of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in neurodegenerative disease. NLRP3 is typically inactive but can respond to sterile triggers commonly associated with neurodegenerative disorders including protein misfolding and aggregation, mitochondrial and oxidative stress, and exposure to disease-associated environmental toxicants. Clear evidence of enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activity in common neurodegenerative diseases has coincided with rapid advancement of novel small molecule therapeutics making the NLRP3 inflammasome an attractive target for near-term interventional studies. In this review, we highlight evidence from model systems and patients indicating inflammasome activity in neurodegenerative disease associated with the NLRP3 inflammasome's ability to recognize pathologic forms of amyloid-β, tau, and α-synuclein. We discuss inflammasome-driven pyroptotic processes highlighting the potential utility of evaluating extracellular inflammasome-related proteins in the context of biomarker discovery. We complete the report by pointing out gaps in our understanding of intracellular modifiers of inflammasome activity and mechanisms regulating the resolution of inflammasome activation. The literature review and perspectives provide a conceptual platform for continued analysis of inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases through the study of inflammasomes and pyroptosis, mechanisms of inflammation and cell death now recognized to function in multiple highly prevalent neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith L Anderson
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Karl E Biggs
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Brynn E Rankin
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Matthew C Havrda
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.
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47
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Liu T, Mao Y, Peng B. Novel Microglia-based Therapeutic Approaches to Neurodegenerative Disorders. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:491-502. [PMID: 36593381 PMCID: PMC10043109 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-01013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As prominent immune cells in the central nervous system, microglia constantly monitor the environment and provide neuronal protection, which are important functions for maintaining brain homeostasis. In the diseased brain, microglia are crucial mediators of neuroinflammation that regulates a broad spectrum of cellular responses. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the multifunctional contributions of microglia to homeostasis and their involvement in neurodegeneration. We further provide a comprehensive overview of therapeutic interventions targeting microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, we propose microglial depletion and subsequent repopulation as promising replacement therapy. Although microglial replacement therapy is still in its infancy, it will likely be a trend in the development of treatments for neurodegenerative diseases due to its versatility and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Taohui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Feng W, Zhang Y, Sun P, Xiao M. Acquired immunity and Alzheimer's disease. J Biomed Res 2023; 37:15-29. [PMID: 36165328 PMCID: PMC9898041 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.36.20220083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive defects. The role of the central immune system dominated by microglia in the progression of AD has been extensively investigated. However, little is known about the peripheral immune system in AD pathogenesis. Recently, with the discovery of the meningeal lymphatic vessels and glymphatic system, the roles of the acquired immunity in the maintenance of central homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases have attracted an increasing attention. The T cells not only regulate the function of neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and brain microvascular endothelial cells, but also participate in the clearance of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques. Apart from producing antibodies to bind Aβ peptides, the B cells affect Aβ-related cascades via a variety of antibody-independent mechanisms. This review systemically summarizes the recent progress in understanding pathophysiological roles of the T cells and B cells in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China,Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China,Weixi Feng, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China. Tel: +86-25-86869338; E-mail:
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China,Brain Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China,Brain Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China,Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China,Brain Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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James LM, Leuthold AC, Georgopoulos AP. Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Modulates the Dependence on Age of the Variability of Synchronous Neural Interactions. Neurosci Insights 2023; 18:26331055231159658. [PMID: 36969700 PMCID: PMC10037734 DOI: 10.1177/26331055231159658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence documented a protective effect of Class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DRB1*13 on brain health across the lifespan including evidence of reduced neural network variability relative to non-carriers. Here, in an extension of those findings, we evaluated the influence of a large number of Class I and Class II HLA alleles on aging-related changes in neural network variability. Cognitively healthy women (N = 178) ranging in age from 28 to 99 years old underwent a magnetoencephalography scan from which neural network variability was calculated and provided a blood sample from which HLA and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype were determined. The primary analyses assessed the dependence of network variability on age in carriers of a specific HLA allele compared to non-carriers. Effects were considered protective if there was a significant increase of network variability with age in the absence of a given HLA allele but not in its presence, and were considered to confer susceptibility if the converse was documented; HLA alleles that did not influence the dependence of network variability on age in their presence or absence were considered neutral. Of 50 alleles investigated, 22 were found to be protective, 7 were found to confer susceptibility, and 21 were neutral. The frequencies of those 50 alleles were not associated significantly with ApoE genotype. The findings, which document the influence of HLA on age-related brain changes and highlight the role of HLA in healthy brain function, are discussed in terms of the role of HLA in the human immune response to foreign antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M James
- The HLA Research Group, Brain Sciences
Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN,
USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University
of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Cognitive Sciences,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Lisa M James, Department of Neuroscience,
University of Minnesota Medical School, Brain Sciences Center (11B), Minneapolis
VAHCS, 1 Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
| | - Arthur C Leuthold
- The HLA Research Group, Brain Sciences
Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN,
USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University
of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Apostolos P Georgopoulos
- The HLA Research Group, Brain Sciences
Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN,
USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University
of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Cognitive Sciences,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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The complex role of inflammation and gliotransmitters in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105940. [PMID: 36470499 PMCID: PMC10372760 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the role of innate and adaptive immune cell function in brain health and how it goes awry during aging and neurodegenerative diseases is still in its infancy. Inflammation and immunological dysfunction are common components of Parkinson's disease (PD), both in terms of motor and non-motor components of PD. In recent decades, the antiquated notion that the central nervous system (CNS) in disease states is an immune-privileged organ, has been debunked. The immune landscape in the CNS influences peripheral systems, and peripheral immunological changes can alter the CNS in health and disease. Identifying immune and inflammatory pathways that compromise neuronal health and survival is critical in designing innovative and effective strategies to limit their untoward effects on neuronal health.
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